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*                UMASS/AMHERST 

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1 

ill '111  #  1 1  ill    III 

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312066   0333   3091    2     | 

LIBRARY 


nnu'/w 


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GARDENP 


THE  FRUIT  FARM 


POULTRY 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2563. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  Yorh.  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,  January    1,   1921 


RECrSTKRED     AT    THE     GENERAL 
POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 
AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 
POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4;    Foreign.    17/4 


It  is  safe  to  prophesy  that  the  New  Year  will  be  specially 
noted  for  its  great  revival  in  the  cultivation  of  annuals  by 
means  ol  which  the  garden  can  be  restored  quickly  to  its 
full  glory.  Every  home-owner  should  seek  to  make  his 
garden  attractive  and  beautiful.  The  use  of  annuals 
provides  full  opportunity.  This  issue  contains  authoritative 
advice  for  present  use  and  future  reference 


CURRANTS  AND  GOOSEBERRIES 

All  intending  planting  the  above  should  make  early  application  to  us.  We 
hold  excellent  stocks  of  all  the  leading  varieties,  andean  guarantee  satisfaction. 
Fruit  growers  should  not  miss  planting. 

CURRANT    SOUTHWELL     RED 

It  flowers  very  late,  and  so  resists  late  frosts.  Long  bunches  of  bright  shining 
red  berries  are  formed,  the  individual  berries  being  very  large  and  uniform  in 
size.  When  gathered  it  has  a  very  fine  appearance  and  commands  the  top 
price  in  the  market. 

Full  particulars  on  Application. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &     SONS,    LTD., 
Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

BEAUTIFUL    POPPIES    for    1921 

SHIRLEY  POPPY,  Selected  Strain,  of  light  graceful  habit,  with 
beautiful  satiny  flowers  ranging  in  colour  from  delicate  shades  of  rose, 
apricot,  salmon-pink  and  blush  to  glowing  crimson,  all  with  white  centres, 
hardy  annual,  2ft.     Per  packet,  6d.  and  1/- 

NEW  DOUBLE  QUEEN  POPPIES,  a  lovely  new  double  strain  of 
Shirley  Poppy  type,  flowers  double  and  semi-double  of  the  most  delicate 
and  brilliant  colours — white  with  salmon,  pink,  or  crimson  margin,  orange- 
salmon  shaded  white,  fiery  rose-scarlet  shading  down  to  white,  cherry-red 
shading  to  white,  brilliant  scarlet  with  white  centre,  &c.,  all  showing  yellow 
anthers,  hardy  annual,  2ft       Per  packet,  1/-. 

POPPY  "IRRESISTIBLE,"  a  lovely  strain,  producing  large  double 
fringed  flowers,  brilliant  rose  to  blush-rose  and  salmon-rose  with  large  white 
centre,  hardy  annual,  2Jft.     Per  packet,  6d   and  1/- 

Descriptive  Catalogue  of  other  choice  Flower  Seeds  free  nn  application. 

Ea   A    D   D  JL  ^  <^  l\l   Q  '■1'      12       &     13,       KINQ      STREET, 

*-^  f"^  r\    r\-  Ot  «iJ  V^  1^  «^,        COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 

CARNATIONS  ^^^  '^ny  and 

W/^ni^#%ll\/ni9    EVERY  PURPOSE 

LARGE    FLOWERrNG    PLANTS  in  6in.  pots  for  GrceDhmise  cultiv.-vtlon,  from  35,- doz. 
BORDER  CARNATIONS,  supt-rb  stocks  for  immediate  planliiip,  from  15/-  do?,. 
PERPETUAL      BORDER      CARNATIONS,      The      Now      Hybrid,      for      immediate 
planting,  from  27/6  doz.  ALLWOODII 

The  New  Hardy  Plant,  half  Pink  and  half  Carnation,  grows  and  flowers  anywhere  from 
Spring  to  Autumn.     6  Standard  varieties  16  6  doz.     6  Novelties,   prices    3  6  *  5/.  per  plant 

CULTURAL  BOOKLET,  POST  FREE,  6d. 

Our   fully  illustrated  descriptive  Catalogue  of  Plants  and  CAH  NATION    HEQUlSITES  will 

be  gladly  sent,  post  free,  on  request. 

When  you  think  of  Carnations  you  thinic  of 

The   leading  Carnation  Raisers 
and   Specialists   in  the  World. 
Dept.  4, 

HAVWAROS     HEATH. 

SUSSEX. 

HARKNESS'S    WONDERFUL    POPPIES 

CRIMSON  VELVET,  matchless  blood-red,  new,  2/6.  EISIE  VAUGHAN,  silvery 
salmon,  1/3.  JOAN  PVBUS,  salmon  pink,  distinctly  spotted,  1/3.  JOYCE,  rose, 
shaded  mauve,  distinct,  1/-.  Perry's  LORD  LAMBOURNE,  new,  grand  fringed 
scarlet,  2/6.  MAHONY,  peculiar  mahogany  colour,  1/,  Mrs.  JOHN  HARKNESS, 
magnificent  apricot  -  scarlet,  1/-.  Mrs  PERRY,  lovely  orange-apricot,  1/-. 
PRINCESS  ENA,  orange  salmon,  very  dainty,  1/-.  PERRY'S  WHITE,  pure  white 
with  black  blotch,  1/-.  REMBRANDT,  red  with  6  attractive  blotches,  1/-.  SIR 
DOUGLAS  HAIG,  brilliant  scarlet,  without  blotch  grand  novelty,  2/6.  ONE 
STRONG  PLANT  EACH  ABOVE,  15'-,  CARRIAGE  PA>D.  Thoseat  2/6 are  27/6  doz.  ; 
1/3,    12/-  doz.;   1/,    10/6  doz.    CARRIAGE   PAID. 

HARKNESS'S  6IANT   CELAND  POPPIES,  orange,  white  and  yellow,  flowers  of 
great  size  on  strong  stems,  4/3  doz  ,  23/-  100.     CARRIAGE  PAID. 

CORRESPONDENCE    INVITED.         CATALOGUES    FREE 

HARKNESS  &  SONS,  F.R.H.S.,  Nurserymen,  &c.,  BEDALE,  YORKSHIRE 


THL     (,ARDKN, 


JaNL'AK\-     I.     lyjl 


Barr's  Gold  Medal  Vegetable  Seeds 

OF    FINEST    SELECTED    STRAINS    AND    TESTED    GROWTH.  | 

Awarded  at  the  R.H.S.   London    Shows    1913    to   1920    Six    Gold    Medals   and    Four  Silver  Gilt  Medals 


()m;    ok    km;i 


(i(i|,l)      MKnAL     EXHIBITIOX      OROTPS     OF     VEGETABLES. 


Barr's  strains   of  Vegetable  Seeds  have  received  exceptional  recognition  for   high  quality  by  the  judges 
at  the  R.H.S.  Wisley  Trials,  many  having  been  highly  commended  and  several  given  First-class  Certificates 

and  Awards  of  Merit. 

A     FEW     SPECIALTIES     IN     VEGETABLE     SEEDS  : 


DWARF    FRENCH    BEAN,   BARR'S   EXCELSIOR,     >     .1. 

bearing  a  great  erop  of  very  large  fleshy  pods,  boiling 
tender  and  of  delieate  Havour.  The  dried  Beans  make 
a  rtelieious  Winter  dish.     Award  of  Merit,  R.H.S. 

Per  pint    3     0 

DWARF  PERFECTION  BUTTER  BEAN,  one  of  the 
bept  of  the  Haricots  Mangetout,  bearing  a  great 
abundance  of  bright  yellow  pods  6iins.  long  it 
furnishes  a  delicious  dish.  Per  pint    3     6 

BEET,  DEWINQS  BLOOD  RED,  a  handsome  Turnip- 
shaped  variety  with  short  top,  flesh  dark  erimson  of 
delieate  flavour      Award  of  Merit  R.H.S.,  1917. 

Per  pkt.  6d.,  per  oz.    1     6 

BORECOLE,  JERUSALEM  PURPLE,  a  purple-leaved 
variety  ot  tlie  Asparaffus  Kide,  producing  in  early 
Spring  succulent  shoots  which  are  delicious  when 
boiled  young.    Highly  Commended  R.H.S.,  1919. 

Per  pkt.  6d.,  per  oz.    1     6 

BROCCOLI,  BARR'S  WINTER  QUEEN,  it  sown  in 
March,  produces  in  the  following  January  large,  firm, 
snowy  white  heads,  of  fine  texture.  Per  pkt.    2    6 

BROCCOLI,  BARR'S  WHITE  EMPEROR,  the  finest 
of  all  May-cutting  Broccolis,  ha\ing  large,  firm,  deep, 
heads,  of  a  beautiful  white,  and  well  protected. 

Per  pkt.  1  /6  and    2     6 

BRUSSELS  SPROUTS,  "  DUNDEE,"  a  splendid  new 
variety  ot  medium  height  and  compact  growth,  with 
large  solid  sprouts  of  finest  quality,  and  keeping  well 
Award  of  Merit  R.H.S.,  1918. 

Per  pkt.  1/6,  p<  r  oz.    3     6 

CABBAQE,  BARR'S  AUTUMN  EXHIBITION,  a 
splendid  medium-sized  variety,  forming  handsome 
solid  conical  heads  ready  to  use  in  September.  Award 
of  Merit  R.H.S.  Per  pkt.  6d.  and  1 -.per  oz.    2    6 


CARROT,    BARR'S     EARLY    QUEEN,  a  fine   little     s.  d. 
early  variety  with  shapi-iy  roots,  iiimost  corelesf ,  fleshy, 
sweet  and  tender,  an  excellent  forcer. 

Per  pkt.  6d.  and  1 /-.  p<T  oz.    2     6 

CAULIFLOWER,  ALL  THE  YEAR  ROUND,  a 
splendid  half  dwarf  \-ariety  for  forcing  or  open  air 
culture  at  any  time  of  the  year,  heads  very  large, 
white  and   finely  grained,  of  delicate  flavour. 

Pit  pkt.  1  /6  and    2     6 

CELERY,  BARR'S  NEW  SOLID  PINK,  the  U^t  of 
all  t'4'lerii's,  of  medium  height,  remarkablv  solid,  and 
having  a  rich  nutty  flavour.    Award  of  Merit  R.H.S. 

Per  pkt.  1/- and    1     6 

CELERIAC,  BARR'S  LATE  SUMMER,  a  great  im- 
provement on  the  old  Turnip-roote-d  Celery,  forming 
globular  roots  of  fine  flavour,  and  having  a  decorative 
variegated  foliage.  Per  pkt  6d.  and    1     0 

ENDIVE,  PARIS  MARKET,  finely  curled,  valuable 
for  forcing  or  Summer  and  ^-ariy  Autumn  culture. 

Per  pkt .  6d.  and  1  /-,  per  oz.    2    6 

LEEK,   BARR'S  SELECTED   PRIZETAKER,    extra 

fine.  Per  pkt.  1  /-  and    1     6 

LETTUCE,  COS,  BARR'S  COVENT  QAROEN 
SUMMER  WHITE,  a  first-class  self-folding  Lettuce, 
producing  large,  compact  hearts ;  crisp  and  fine 
flavoured.  Per  pkt.  Sd.  and  1  /-,  per  oz.    2     6 

LETTUCE,  CABBAQE,  BARR'S  QREEN 
FAVOURITE,  a  fine  variety  for  successionai  sowing 
having  dark  green  smooth  "succulent  leaves  and  a 
8we«t  firm  heart.     Award  of  Merit  R.H.S. 

Per  pkt.  6d.  and  1 /-,  per  oz.    2     6 

LETTUCE,  CABBAQE,  BARR'S  LITTLE  QEM, 
a  flue  little  early  variety  for  growing  in  frames. 
Award  of  Merit  R.H.S.  Per  pkt.    1     0 


MELON,     BARR'S    GOLDEN     BEAUTY,     IM-     8. 
PROVED,  a  very  flne  golden-skinned  netted  variety 
of  delicious  flavour.     Award  of  Merit  R.H.S. 

Per  pkt.  1  /6  and    2 

ONION,  BARR'S  LONOKEEPER,  a  splendid  type  of 
the  llruwn  .Spanish  Onion,  of  flrst-rate  quality. 

Per  pkt.  Sd.  and  1/-,,  per  oz.    3 

PARSNIP,     BARR'S      NEW      WHITE      MARROW, 

Highly  Commended  R.H.S.       Per  pkt.  Gd.,  pel  oz.    1     0 

RADISH,  JEWEL,   producing    very    short    Potato-like 
foliage  and  small   rich  crimson  tubers,  crisp  and  of 
delicate    flavour,    very    early.      Award  of  Merit. 
R.H.S.  Peroz.    1 

TOMATO,  BARR'S  SCARLET  BEAUTY,  a  wonder- 
ful bearer,  fruit  rich  deep  scarlet,  round,  smooth  and 
glossy,  ha^'ing  a  deep  flesh,  almost  without  core. 
Awarded  Silver  Qllt  Bankslan  Medal,  R.H.S., 
1918.  Per  pkt.  1/-,  1/6  and    2 

TOMATO,  ORANGE  SUNRISE,  a  splendid  new 
variety,  being  a  cross  between  a  best  yellow  and  red. 
It  is  early  and  bears  clusters  of  bright  orange-coloured 
round  fruit,  of  medium  size  ;  the  flavour  is  delicious, 
either  when  raw  or  cooked.   Good  for  in  or  out  of  doors. 

Per  pkt.    2 

TURNIP,  MANCHESTER  MARKET,  an  Improve- 
ment on  Oreen  Top  Stone.  Award  of  Merit 
R.H.S.,  1919.  perot.    0 

VEQETABLE  MARROW,  ROTHERSIDE  ORANQE, 

a  most  valuable  little  Marrow,  bearing  golden-yellow 
fruit,  almost  globe  shaped,  with  firm  flesh  of  finest 
fl.ivour,  very  proiiflc.  Per  pkt,  1 '-  and    1 


BARR'S    SEED    GUIDE    FOR    1921     FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 

BARR  &  SONS,  11,  12  &  13,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  w.c.  2. 

SEED     GROUNDS    AT    TAPLOW,     BUCKS. 


January   i,    irjii. 


^m^- 


THE  GARDEN. 

*—M-^i^^ — — 


^^^& 


3*" ^>^ 


ATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

,  shriih-.  .lapHliosc  rhcrii.s,  Miii'l.'^.  hiuI  niincsc  Bubjn;ts, 
,„N  WATKREB.  SONS  &  CRISP,  l.TB.,  Tho  Nars.r..^, 
^hot,  Surrey. 


ATERERS'  VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER 

;iis,  Scotch  grown  seed  Potatoi>. 


ATERERS'  ALPINE   AND   HERBACEOUS 

VNTS,    in   tin-    new    and    leadMlB    varii-ties    of    Delpllinnnns, 
oxes.  Irises. 


ATERERS'      FRUIT      TREES.  —  Magni- 

it    stock    of    250,000    trees.       Prospective    purcliascrs    are 
ted  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  Nurseries. 


ATERERS'     ROSES.  —  Superb     Stock. 

n'  Waterer,  Sons  *  Crisp,  I.tu.,  'I'wyford,  Berks. 


REENHOUSE    PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

VITROLITU "   superior   to    White    Lead    Taint,    25s.    per 
Cans    extra      ■'  Plastine,"    supersedes    Putty,    44s.    pel 
—Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  &  Sons,  Grove 
rks,  Battersca.     Agent.s  throughout  the  Country. 


JELLS'   CHRYSANTHEMUM   CATALOGUE 

■  ready  Post  free  ,.ii  application.— W.  WELLS  iV  Co., 
ysanthcniuiu  Nurseries,  Jlersthaiu,  Surrey. 

,VRE    SHRUBS,    including    Himalayan    and 

iiese  Rhododendrons,  .\lplnes  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
nts.  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G,  Reuthe,  Kcston, 
It.  ' 


OME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

■  second  edition  of  lliis  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale, 
net,  by  post  lid. — "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Offices,  a),  Tavistock 
eet,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


IE    ROCK     GARDEN.— Now    Ready,   the 

1  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  B.  H.  Jenkins,  7s.  6d. 

by   post  8s.     Beautifully  illustrated.      Published  at  the 

.■s"of    "CorNTRY     LIFE,"    LTD.,    20,    Tavistock  Street, 
.ent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


DDKS   ON   GARDENING,   BOTANY, 

liiral    Historv,    Travel,    Sport,    etc.,    for    Sale    at    reduced 
i-es.     Lists  free.— F.  G.  Lawson,  20.  The  Crescent,  Truro. 


AKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP    MANURE. 

I'he    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute     for    Stable 
nure.     Sec  ad\t.  on  p.  vi. 


HE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :    Plants  in  Health 

1  Dlsca.se,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
Sd.  net,  by  post  8s.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
I  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
'otTNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
rden,  W.C.2. 


URBAGE    ROSES    on    Pedigree     Stocks.— 

nil!  varieties  grown.  Li«t  of  "The  Hundred  Best  Eoses," 
st  free.— THE  BURBAGE  NORSERIES,  Nr.  Hinckley, 
stershirc.  Established  1773.  (Manager,  G.  Geary, 
I!. U.S.) 


UCKS,      GEESE      AND      TURKEYS,      by 

ill  Hooley,  F.Z.S..  F.B.S.A,— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
the   breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,   Geese  and 

irkevs,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addres.sed 
Tiie     Manager,    "  Country    Life,"    Ltd.,    20,    Tavistock 

reet,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


PLENDID      YELLOW      FIBROUS      LOAM 

irr  Leaf  Mould,  Coai-M'  Sand,  rarli  5s.  pi-r  sack.     Prepared 

mpnst,  6s.6d    ;  Cocoanut  Fibre,  6s.  6d.  per  sack.     Kainit,  141b. 

9d. — W.  yERBERT  A"  CO.,  Hop  Exchange,  London,  S.E. 


BARR'S  CASH  CLEARANCE  SALE  of  BULBS. 

WINTER  and  SPRING-  I'LOWBRING,  including  Hyacinths, 
DaffrMiils,  Tulips,  irises.  Polyanthus,  Narcissi,  etc.,  for  pots  and 
outiloors.  All  selected  bulbs  in  fine  condition  at  greatly 
reiliieed  prices.  List  on  application. — Barr  &  Sons,  King 
Street,  aivent  Garden,  W.C.2.  


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardv  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
"lorious  scent  1  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  (Jreat 
I'.ritain.  Catalogue  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  tkl.  and  5s.-^J.  DOPOLAS,  Great  Bookham. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

Bv  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2s.  6d.  net  ; 
cloth  :)s  6d.  net ;  postage  4d.  extra.— Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


STORING     VEGETABLES     AND     FRUITS  : 

with  chaptei-s  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire  "  Bv  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  burden).  9d.  net. 
by  post,  ild.— Published  at  the  Offic.'s  of  "  Country  Life," 
[,'td.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of   Conser- 

vatorii's.  Greenlioii.ses,  itc,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Daiiveis 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone:    Kensington  90  &  91.  


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL       FOR       COUNTRY 

HOUSES.- No  emptying  of  cess[iools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  'filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  Static  particulars.- WILLIAM  BEATTIE,  8,  Lower 
Grosvi'iior  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE    FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gat<'s.  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  orna- 
mental garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  description.  Send 
tor  illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists.— BoPLTON  &  PAUL,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers.  Norwich. 

CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.- Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application.— J.  W.  COLE  &  SON,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries. 
Peterborough. 


ROCK 

and  in   \Vha 
lovtrs,    with 
Alpine  Nurs 

GARDEN    PLANTS.- 

.  Soils  to  Plant  Them.     A  useful  guide 
catalogue,    48    pages,    post   free.— G.    B 
•ry,  Barnham,  Bognor. 

-Where 

to  [III  rden 
Phipps. 

RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,    VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  largi^  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Iiispe(-tion  invited.  Price  list  post  frc  on  application.— 
Thos.  Rivkrs  &  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


WM.    DUNCAN    TUCKER    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Lawrence  Rejad,  South  Tottenham,  N.13.— Coiiservatorigs, 
Winter  Gardens,  Vineriis,  Peach  Houses,  Portable  Build- 
ings, etc. 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND      STRAWBERRIES.  New      catalogue,      containing 

novelties,    gratis.        Hints    on    planting    and    pruning,    2d. — 
I,axton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


THE  DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST    FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid. 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Liff,  "  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock   Street,   Covent   Garden,   W.C.2. 


CULTIVATION       WITH       MOVABLE 

FRAMES. — A  calendar  of  operations  showing  how  to  increase 

vour    garden    produce,  by    Herbert   Cowley    (Editor   of  The 

'Harden),  9d.    net ;     bv  post    lid. — Published    at    the  Offices 

of    "  Country    Life,"  Ltd.,    20,    Tavistock    Street,    Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


FURS,    extremely    handsome,   £5    15s.    set; 

genuine  undved,  skunk  shade,  real  skins,  large  wrap  stole, 
pillow  muff  ;  recently  new,  guaranteed  perfect.  .Accept 
£4  17s.  6d.  Splendid  bargain ;  approval  willingly.— Write, 
Box  6,  e/o  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
London,  W.C.2. 


SUTTON'S     GARDEN    SEED    CATALOGUE 

for  1921  is  now  ready  and  will  he  forwarded  un  application. 
Seed  Orders  are  n^iw  being  daily  rec(-ivcd  in  lart.'i-  numbers  and 
immediately  dispatched  by  rail  or  post,  IntrndinK  customers 
arc  respectfully  reminded  that  by  sendint;  in  th'ir  r<quirtiuents 
as  early  as  possible  they  will  materially  assist  in  maintaining 
tlie  steady  dispatch  of  orders  throughout  the  busv  months  of 
January  and  February.  —  SUTTON  &  SONS,  THE  KING'S 
SEEDSMEN,    HEADING. 


NOW     IS     THE     TIME     TO     PLANT 

KELWAY       COLOUR       BORDERS.  —  Are 

you  content  with  your  lerbaeious  Ijorder.  or  havr  you 
blank  unnecessary  gaps,  or  colours  that  clash?  If  so 
write  to  KELWAY'S.  They  will  plan  a  border  of  any 
shape  or  size.  There  is  a  special  fascination  about  their 
colour  schemes  that  charms  with  each  successive  month — 
a  flaming  blaze  of  colour  from  gold  through  red  and  russet 
to  purple,  touched  here  and  there  with  silvery  blue  and  white. 
— KEiiWAY  &  SON,  The  Koyal  Horticulturists,  Langport, 
Somerset. 


DOBBIE'S  AUTUMN  LIST  of  Bulbs,   Roses, 

Sweet  Peas,  Vegetable  Seeds,  and  Plants,  post  free.  Also 
List  of  Seed  Potatoes. — Dobbie  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Koyal  Florists, 
Edinburgh. 


WALLACE'S       GOLD        MEDAL       IRISES 

should   be  planted  now.     Our  uiiique  publication,  "Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S   HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  AND 

AI.PI.N'B      RIIODODENDROXS      AND      AZALEAS.         New- 
lists  free. 


WALLACE'S  LILIES,  TULIPS,  EREMURUS, 

Calochorti,  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  Crocus,  etc.  Our  catalogue 
of  these  is  ready,  free  on  application. — R.  Wallace  &  Co., 
Ltp..  The  Old  Gardens,  Tunbridge  Wells. 


HOCKEY,    GOLF,    CROQUET    AND    LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  offices  of  "  COUNTRY 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,     SUN- 

IIIALS.     NESTING      HOXES.       Catalogue     (No.     4)     frc. 
MoORTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Cliiswiek. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

-A  thoroughly  practical  and  well-illuslrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook 
is  now  ready.  Price  2s.  6d.  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  COUNTRY  LIFE,"  LTD.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


McDOUGALL'S      WINTER      WASH.  —  Un- 

rivalled  for  cleansing  fruit  trees  from  moss  and  lichen  ;  also 
destroys  fungoid  spores  hibernating  insects,  and  effectively 
checks  the  terrible  ravages  of  canker.  1  gall,  drums,  to 
make  80  gall,  wash,  13s.  6d.  each  ;  quart,s,  43.  6d. ;  pints, 
2s  9d.  From  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.  Send  for 
special  leaflet.— McDOUGALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street, 
Manchester. 


McDOUGALL'S  "  FUMERS  "  &  INSECTI- 
CIDE "  Sheets  "  for  greenhouse  fumigation  ;  sate,  elfective 
and  eeonomieal.  Sold  by  all  Seidsmen,  Ironmongei^i,  etc.— 
.McDouGAiL  HROS.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS      SPECIALITY.  —  List 

tree. Terry  Lee,  1«,  Morden  Road,  Steclifoiil,   nirniiiighain. 


FIDLER'S    NEW    ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  NOW 
READY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  ort 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  Fidler  &  Sons,  Koyal 
Berkshire  Seed  Stores  Reading. 


TUCKER'S     A  L  P I  N  E  S.— Primula  Juliae 

(clumps),  1/-;  Venzol,  1/-;  Winteri  (very»strong),  10/6; 
farinosa,  9d.  ;  Peiitstemon  Davidsoni,  a/B  :  Androsace  brigan- 
tinea  1/-;  Ualleri,' 1/6 :  arachnoidea.  1/-:  pyrenaica,  1/6; 
Watklnsi,  9d. :  Semper\1voides,  1/-.— K.  Tucker  and  Sons, 
Nurserymen,  Oxford. 


.  .-  V 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   i,    igji 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  tiie  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 

Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative  Rose   Grower    of  England 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY  &  SON 
Retail  Pl.^nt  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST  HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
ofall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Gardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


HARDY    AZALEAS     AND    FLOWERING     SHRUBS 

For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


R.  &.  G.  CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


LAXTON  BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,  MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM  &  SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,  ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rocltworkers 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Roses,    Fruit 
and 

Ornamental 
Trees 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


G.  G.  WHITELEGG  &  Co. 
The  Nurseries 
CHISLEHURST 


Bulbs  and   Irise 
New  Catalogue 
Now  Ready 
Post  Free  on 
Request 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY  ECKFORD 

Wem 
SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,  S.W. 


Gladioli  and 
Liiium   List 

Free  on  application 


Garden  Sundries 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  mi  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Esute 

Cranmer  Street  ^nd  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requiremente 


CORRY  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultual 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


BARNARDS,  Ltd. 
NORWICH 


Garden  Espaliers 
dc  Trainers.  Par- 
ticulars of  our 
Stock  on  applica- 
tion. 


J.  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 
Barrow-on-Humber 
HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 
234.  Borough 
LONDON.  S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


The     New     DESTRUCTOR 

CO.,  Ltd. 
Station  Road,  PERSHORE 


Rubbish 
Destructors 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG  &  CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE   us 


Landscape  and 
Garden   Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


R.  WALLACE  &  CO., 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE  WELLS 


Ltd. 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show.  1912. 


HODSON'S,  Ltd. 

liS.CASTLEGATE 

NOTTINGHAM 

H:l\e  several  good  men  availablr,  and 
can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Gardens  and 
General 
Landscape 
Work 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark St. .London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List   No.   42 

Post  Free 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution. 
A  visit  to  our  Establishment  is  cordially  in- 
vited to  inspect  our  immense  and  interesting 

STOCK    RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE  CULTURE  SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens, 

Albinos  in  n'arm  and  cool  sections  also  a 

speciality. 

Expert  advice  given  and  all  requisites 
supplied  for  the  good  culture  of  Orchids, 

GHARLESWORTH  &  CO., 

HAYWARDS     HEATH. 


KING'S  Acre 

75  Gold  Medals  and  18  Silver 
Cups  Awarded  to  our  Exhibits 
during     Seasons     1909-1920. 

160  ACRES 


including 


I  FRUIT  TREES, 

I  VINES,  ROSES, 

m 

I  FOREST  AND  ORNAMENTAL 

m  TREES  AND  SHRUBS,  ALPINE 

I  AND  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 

m 

^  New  Catalogues,  containing  much  use- 

^  ful  information,  free  upon  application. 

I  King's   Acre    Nurseries 

I  HEREFORD,   ^td 

m 

Seasonable  Wanti 


WILLIS     BROS.'  I 

Garden  Fertilizei 


not  a  substitute,  but  a 

REAL    MANURE 

for  digging  in  or  as  top  dressing. 

NO    STABLE    MANURE     REQUIRED. 

1  cwl.  17i6  ;    5  cwt.  tOI- :  is  lb.  5/6    £16  lOs.  pertoi 

Carriage  Paid. 


VINE    MANURE 

and  Vine  Border  Compound,  Coarse  or  Fine. 
30/-  per  cwt. :    16,'-  h  cwt. 

RUSSIAN    MATS 

New,  just  arrived.     Size  about  7  ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in 
Limited  supply,  ^S/-  per  doz.,  carriage  paid. 


WILLIS    BROS.' 
WINTER   WASH 

For  spraying  Fruit  Trees,  prepared  from  recipe  o 
celebrated  Canadian  Apple  Grower,  who  is  notei 
for  his  clean  fruit  and  orchards. 

10/6pergal.  ;    SO- 5  gals. 
Carriage  Paid.        Tins  included. 


WILLIS  BROS. 


Horticultural  Manur 

Manufacturers. 
HARPENDEN.  HERTS 


January   i.    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


M\JVV  /5  the  time  to  plant 

MERRYWEATHER'S 

FRUIT  TREES 

SPECIAL     ATTENTION     GIVEN 
TO      ALL       FRUIT      GROWERS. 

DON'T   FAIL   TO  PLANT 

Bramley's   Seedling 

The  Most  Satisfactory  Apple   Grown. 

The    Merryweather   Damson 

AN  EXCELLENT  CROPPER.     The  fruit  is  of  enormous 
size,  with  the  true  Damson  flavour. 


BRAMLEY'S     SEEDLING. 


Currant  Southwell  Red 

It  flowers  very  latf,  and  so  escap>-s  late  frosts.     Long  bunch-  s  of  briglit 

shilling  red  bj-rrii's  are  formed,  the  individual  bt^rrit-s  being  very  large  and 

niiitorm  in  size.    When  gathered  it  has  a  very  fine  appearance  and  commands 

tlie  top  price  in  tin-  market. 

Price  1/-,  stronger  bushes  1,6  and  2/-  each. 

LET     US     HELP    YOU. 

Advice  and  quotations  free.     Send-  for  Catalogue,  post  free 
on  appiicaiiun. 


H.  MERRYWEATHER  &  SONS,  Ltd.,  Southwell,  Notts.  - 


THE     SHELLEY 
SWEET     PEAS 


/ENDER.-Austin 
Lavender.  1/6. 


Frederick     Imp,     16;      Hawlmarlt 


JISE — Brilliant.  1/6:  Doris  (12).  6d.;  Royal  Salute.  1  6. 

\RLET  CERISE. ^Royal  Scot,1/6;  A.Malcolm  (18).  6d. 

OTEE  WHITE. -Annie  Ireland  (IL').  6d. ;  Elsie  Herbert. 

i<ll).  6d. 

MCy.-Brocade(12).  6d. 

IK.— Hawlmark     Pink    (6).    ed.  ;     Daisybud     (12).    ed.  ; 

E.  Pearson  (25),  6d. 

lAM  PINK Cecily  (20).  6d.  ;  Mrs.  A.  Hitchcock  (18),  6d. 

JE.  — Mrs.  T.   Jones  (18).  6d.  ;  (dark)  J.  Cornwell.  V.C. 
IIS).  6d. 

IMSON. -Charity  (  0),  6d.  ;  Mrs,  C,  P.  Tomlin  (20).  6d. 
ITE.-Edna  May  Imp.  (25),6d.  -,  c.  Hinton  (25),  6d. 
jU  list  with  Collections  (2;-,  3  -  and  S/-)  post  free. 

T.     H.     DIPNALL,     F.R.H.S., 

Shelley  Sweet  Pea  Farm,  nr.  HADLEIQH,  SUFFOLK  . 


>RCHIDS, 

Clean,  well-grown  and  cheap  ;    also 
Many    Rare   and    Choice    Varietie?. 

STOVE    AND     GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS   OF  ALL   KINDS. 

Kindly  send  for  Catalogue. 

mis  CYPHER  &  SONS, 

otic  Nurseries   -    CHELTENHAM. 


PERPETUAL   CARNATIONS. 

'e    have,     for     prompt     delivery,     well-grown 

healthy  stock. 

Catalogue  free. 

OUNG  &  Co.,  Hatherley,  Cheltenham. 


Gold  Medallists. 


Estd.   1890. 


MICHAELIiHAS  DAISIES, 

Beauty  of  Ronsdorf,   1  /- 
King  George,  2/- 
Antwerp,  2/6 
King  of  the  Belgians,  2/6 
Mons,  3/6 
Wells'  White,  2/6 
Robinson,  V.C,  2/6 
Etc.,  etc. 

DELPHINIUKIIS. 

IMrs.  W.  Wells,  3/6 
Mrs.  H.  Kaye,   7/6 
King  of  Delphiniums,  2/- 
Rev.  E.  Lascelles,  3/- 
Merstham  Glory,  3/6 
Etc.,  etc. 

SEND  FOR  DESCRIPTIVE 
CATALOGUE,  POST  FREE. 

W.  WELLS,  Jun., 

Hardy    Plant     Nurseries, 

Merstham,  Surrey, 


Stronghold 

Seeds 
for  Lawns. 


Famed  throughout 
the  United  Kingdom 


55/- 
50/- 


PER     BUSHEL 
ON    LIGHT    SOILS 


PER     BUSHEL 
ON  HEAVY  SOILS. 


CARRIAGE 
PAID. 


STEWART  &  CO., 

Seedsmen  &  Turf  Experts, 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street, 
EDINBURGH. 


Am  ■*•  •^i*  *^m  fjU  «sjk  «jt«  #*•  «A»  •*»  »*•  ^f>  «A»  ^JU  «A»  «A»  A  f*y  **^  ^N  •*•  A  *?*  ^ 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

New  Japanese  Varieties  for  1921. 

Ready  1st  week  in  February,  ex  2k  inch  pots. 
Mrs.  John  Balmer.      Indian   red.  gold  reverse. 

F.C.C  .  N.C.S. 
Norman  Chittenden.      Largest    white    to    date. 

FCC  N  C.S.,  A.M.,  R,H,S. 
Helena  Margerison.     Large  pearl  pink.     F.C.C. 

N.C.S. 
Nadine.      Extra    large    golden    bronze.      F.C.C. 

N.C.S. 

The  above  four  varieties  should  be  in  every 

exhibitor's  stand  this  year,  price  7/6  each. 

the  set  for  25I-.  two  of  each  for  47|6 

New  Decorative  Varieties. 

Teresa.     Lovely  bronze  apricot.    F.C.C.  N.C.S., 
.4.M.,  R.H.S.  5/-  each. 

Estelle.     Large  single  variety  ;  colour,  pale  yellow. 

3/6  each. 

Catriona.     A  very  fine  exhibition  single,  rich  old 
rose,  with  white  zone.  3/6  each. 

General  Catalogue  «ow'  ready.      iVovf//y 
List  reaily  e.irly  January,  post  free  from 

KEITH        LUXFORD      &      CO.. 

Sheering   Nurseries,   HARLOW,   ESSEX. 


J- 

I- 

+ 

■* 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   i,   iq2I  i 


THOUSANDS       OF       USERS       YEARLY 


testify    to    its    excellence    for    all    purposes 

AWARDED  DIPLOMA  AND  MEDAL  AT  THE 

ROYAL  INTERNATIONAL  HORTICULTURAL 

EXHIBITION,  1912. 


HOP  MANURE 

(  PATENTED.) 

V  The  Most  Perfect  </ , 
A,     Fertilizer     ^ 


SCIENTIFICALLY  AND  CHEMICALLY  PRE- 
PARED in  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at 
any  time,  in  the  same  way.  and  for  all  purposes  that 
stable  manure  is  put.  Goes  further  (1  cwt.  etjuaiising 
15  cwts.),  gives  better  results,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet 

smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
THE  GARDEN  states:  ThedifHculty  of  obtaining  really 
good  stable  or  farmyard  manure  is  overcome  by 
using  Wakeley's  Hop  Manure.  This  supplies  just  the 
materials  required  for  improving  the  condition  of  a 
soil,  furnishing  with  needful  humus  and  providing  the 
crops  with  the  essential  plant  foods  they  require,  viz.. 
nitrogen,  phosphates  and  potash. 

Also 


Beware  of  imitations. 
Genuine  only  in  our  marked  bags 

Containing  Guaranteed  Analysis. 


^  COMPLETE  '^ 
SUBSTITUTE 


Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society 

"Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the 
Society's  Gardens  at  Wisley,  and  I  am  pleased  to 
report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower 
borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grow^n  both  under  glass 
and  out  In  the  open  air." 

(Signed)  W.  WILKS,  Secretary. 

Prices,  including  bags,  1  bushel  2/3  ;  4  bushels  6/- ;  5-4 
bushels  28/9;  KM  bushels  55/-:  20-4  bushels  lOOr 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

A  beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  particulars  and 
testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard. 


WAKELEY'S    GROUND    GARDEN    LIME    (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),   3/6    bushel   bag,    carriage    foiward 

WAKELEY  BROS.  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  75a,  Bankslde,  London 


LONG-LASTING    GARDEN     FRAMES 
THAT    THE    GARDENER   APPRECIATES 


results  obtained. 


Up-to-date  Gardeners  must  have  F^rames  that  will  withstand  the  weather 
vaofaries — Frames  that  will  co-operate  with  the  gardener's  care  in  the  splendid 
Only  high  grade  materials  go  into  these  durable  Garden  Frames 
made  by  Boulton  &  Paul  of 
Norwich.  No  other  Horticul- 
tural Wooden  Frames  have  a 
greater  reputation  for  long  life 
throughout  the  country  than 
these  frames  of  tested  strength. 

These  are  in  stock  ready  for  im- 
mediate delivery.  Carriage  paid  to 
any  station  in  England  and  Wales. 
Write  for  our  List  of  Garden 
Frames  and    small    Greenhouses. 


No.  H.  75.  — Ihe  Ironts  are  11  in.  high, 
backs  22  io.  high.  The  frame  is  1  in. 
thick,  and  the  lights  IJ  in.,  glazed  with 
IS  oz.  glass,  and  painted  two  coats. 
l-LightFrame.4ft.by6ft.,£6  10s.  Od. 
2.Light  Frame,  8  ft.  by  6  ft.,  £9  5s.  Od. 
3-Light  Frame,  12  ft.  by  6  ft.,  £  12  2s.  6d. 
All  prices  include  packing. 


Enquiries  invited  for  Greenhouses, 
Conservatories,  Vinery  Ranges,  Peach 
Houses, ,  Carnation  Houses,  Heating 
Systems,  Garden  Frames,  etc.,  of  all 
descriptions,    with   requisite 'accessories. 


No.  80.— This  is  an  Ideal  Frame  for 
Allotment  Holders  and  Smallholders. 
Size,  4  ft.  9  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.  Sides  9  in. 
high.  Painted  two  coats  and  glazed 
with  15  oz.  glass.  Frames  also  supplied 
in  other  styles  and  sizes. 
Price  :  £3  16s.  Od.,  including  packing. 


Telegrams  : — 
'Boulton,  Norwich. 


Bovilt^iiRiul^ 


Works  and  Head  Offices,  NORWICH. 

London  Address:   135-7,  Ouecn   Victoria  Street,  EC.4 


Telephone : — 
Norwich   S51 . 


January   i,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


VH. 


FRUIT  TREES 

AND     ROSES. 

PROMPT  DELIVERY  can  now  be 
given.     Price  Lists   free. 


Dept.  2. 


IV.SEABROOK&SONS.Ltd. 

Fruit    Tree    Specialists, 
CHELMSFORD. 


PLANTING   SEASON 


GEO.    JACKMAN    &   SON 

WOKING     NURSERIES 
SURREY 

(Esfablislicti  oi'er  a  Century) 
Invite  inspection  of   their  large    and  varied  stock  of 

)RNAMENTAL      TREES      AND     SHRUBS. 
tOSES,     CLIMBERS. 
^RUIT     AND     FOREST     TREES. 
lERBACEOUS      AND     ALPINE      PLANTS. 

200  Acres  of  Stock  to  select  from. 
Catalogues  free  on  Application. 


Advice     given     on     all    matters     appertaining     to 

LANDSCAPE    GARDENING 

and     Estate     Improvements. 


LARGK     FRUITING    BUSHES    OF 

"SEABROOK'S     BLACK"     CURRANT 

;i   feet  hi^h,   at    10'6   per  dozen. 

10  feet  high   LIME    TREES,    1/3     each. 

onf:  yfar   scotch    hand  sortfd  even  sample 

ECLIPSE  SEED  POTATOES,  15/-percwt. 

Orders  over  £2  carria^^e  puid,  C.W'.O. 

E.  KING,  llll^.  W.  Ashling,  CHICHESTER. 


Send  your  order  now  fot 

THE   NEW  RASPBERRY 

LLOYD  GEORGE  PERPETUAL  FRUITING 

13/-  per  doz. 
Also  my  new  Violet,  20/-  per  doz..  carriage  paid. 

J.    J.    KETTLE,   Violet  Farm,   Corfe    Mullen,    Dorset 


You  can  INCREASE  your  Potato  Crop 
by  from  25'  .  to  40  ",  if  you  plant 

SCOTCH     SEED 
POTATOES 


We  can  supply  all  the  best  varieties  for 
producing  large  crops  of  good  quality. 
Most  of  the  varieties  we  offer  ha\e  been 
specially  grown  by  ourselves  for  our 
Seed  Trade,  and  all  are  from  the  best 

potato  growing  districts. 

Send  tio-w  foronrfull  list  with  Prices 

Prompl  Delivery. 

Satisfaction  Gnaraoteed. 

THYNE  &  SON 


Potato 
Merchants 


DUNDEE 


H.  J.  JONES' 

Catalogue  of  his  GOLD  MEDAL  collections  of 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,        HARDY 
PHLOX     and     MICHAELMAS     DAISIES 

now  ready.  This  contains  much  useful  information, 
also  select  list  of  other  interesting  and  popular  hardy 
subjects  for  the  garden. 

Post  free,  zd.  stamp. 

Ryecroft  Nurseries,   Lewisham,  S.E.I 3 


THE    PROFIT    & 
PLEASURE     OF 
A    WARM 
GREENHOUSE 

^^    Fruit  Trees  in  Bloom  in  Greenhouse. 

The  Greenhouse  is  an  INDOOR  GARDEN  idth  many  tj^'i^/^the  possibiMties  and  pl^^^^^  of 
I  the  one  outside.  A  Garden  from  fvkich  you  can  have  CHOICE  FLOWERS,  FRUIT,  and 
I-  .i>  VEGETABLES,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  all  the  year  round,  no  matter  tvhether  it  is  a  wet 
year,  dry  year,  or  anx  kind  of  year.  If  you  INVEST  in  an  efficient  Heater  and  a  simple  system  of 
Pipes,  these  possibilities  are  very  greatly  multiplied.  Apart  front  the  growing  of  Blooms  there  ts  the 
opportunity  of  RAISING  SEEDLINGS  for  the  VEGETABLE  GARDEN  outside  as  well  as 
bringing  to  perfection  GRAPES,  CUCUMBERS,  TOMATOES  or  FRUIT  ON  DWARF 
TREES,  &c.,all  a  source  of  nutritious  Food,  and  a  splendid  DIVIDEND  on  your  investment 
in  that   Heating  .apparatus. 

THE    HORSESHOE"  BOILER 

is  used  by  thousands  of  satisfied  Amateur  and 
Professional  Gardeners  as  the  best  investment 
possible  for  securing  a  uniform  temperature  without 
trouble  in  all  weathers.  BURNS  12  to  20  HOURS 
without  attention.  It  is  worUing  in  the  Botanic 
and  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens,  &c.,  &c. 

Send    a    Postcard    with    tlte    size    of 
your  Greenhouse  and  ask  for  List  42, 

C.  p.  KINNELL  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.I 


BATH     S    Medal 

SWEET  PEAS 

We  are  not  merely  dealers  in  and  advertisers  o 
SWEET  PEAS,  but  grow  many  ac!  es  for  seed,  and 
supply  most  o£  the  large  wholesale  houses  in  the 
trade.  In  buying  from  us,  you  are  buying  from 
ihe  grower,  and  not  the  dealer.  The  following 
CoUecti  ns  con'  ain  the  best  varieties  in  cultivation. 
All  seeds  are  har.d-picked  and  of  first  class  germ- 
inating quality. 

Collection    A.  Price   2  3. 

1 2  Splendid  waved  varieties. 

F.ach     parket    contains    t\\cnt\'    seed*.     If     purchased 

separatelv  3d.  per  packet. 
Edrom  Beauty. — Bright  orange  scarlet. 
Elfrida  Pearson. — Pale  pink,  suffused  salmon. 
Elsie  Herbert. — White,  edged  and  suffused  rosy  pink. 
King  White. — Pure  white, "beautifuUv  frilled. 
Margaret  Atlee. — Cream,  suffused  piiik. 
Marks  Tev. — Standard  ros\'  mauve,  wings  bluish  mauve 
Mauri   Holmes. — The  best  crimson  waved  variety. 
Mrs.  J.  Balmer. — Deep  cream,  suffused -bright  scarlet- 
New  Margaret  Madison. — .\  clear  wa\ed  pure  lavender. 
Queen  of  Norway. — Rosy  mauve. 
Rosabelle. —  Rich  bright  rose  self. 
Thomas  Stevenson. — Orange  scarlet. 

Collection    B.  Price   3/9. 

12   Very   fine  waved  varieties. 

The  number  of  seeds  and  price  per  packet  are  indicated 

after  each  variety. 
Debbie's  Cream. — The  richest  cream  extant  (15).    3d. 
Elegance. — Soft  silverv  pink  on  cream  ground  {10). 6(1. 
Hilda.— Orange  scarlet  (15).     3d. 
Margaret  Fife.. — Bright  .A^ubrietia  blue  (10).     3d. 
Market  Pink. — Richpink,  base  of  st.andard  and  wings 

cream  do).     6d. 
Mascott's  White. — The   finest    and   most   solid   of  all 

whites  (lu).     6(1. 
Mavis. — Standards  blush  jvith  rose  centre,  blush  edged 

wings  (is).     4d. 
Mrs.  C.  P.  Tomlin. — Scarlet,  with  a  tint  of  fiery  red 

do).     M. 
Orchid. — Lilac     wings,    standard    tinted   violet-mauve 

ds)-    3d. 
Royalty. — Dark  blue  (12).     4d. 
Tangerine. — Bright  glowing  orange  (10).      6d. 
Warrior. — Very  large  maroon  (is).     4d. 
Collections  .■\  and  B  together  for  5|9.  with  one  packet  of 
Mrs,    R.    Hallam.    soft    salmon,    flushed   primrose    (i.'i) 
3d.  gratis. 

Collection    C.  Price   4/- 

12    Extra  fine   varieties. 

Every  variety  in  this  Collection  is  starred  by  the  IToral 
Committee  of  the  National  Sweet  Pea  Society  as  being 

the  best  of  its  colour. 
The  number  of  seeds  and  price  per  packet  are  indicated 

after  each  variety. 
Barbara. — Deep  shrimp  pink  (15).     3d. 
Charity. — The  best  waved  crimson  (i_i).     4d. 
Constance  Hinton. — Large  pure  white  {25).     4d. 
Daisybud. — .\    soft    but    rich    rose   pink  on   a  white 

ground  (i::).     6d. 
Hawlmark  Pink. — Rich  right  rose  pink,  deeply  flushed 

and  shaded  salmon  (10).     6d. 
Jean  Ireland.— Creamv  buff,  standards  shaded  carmme 

(i.it.     4d. 
King  Mauve. — A  giant  mauve  self  (15).     ia. 
Mrs.    Arnold    Hitchcock.— Pale    pink    flushed  with 

salmon  on  cream  ground  (12).     6d. 
Mrs.    Tom    Jones. — Deep    amethyst    blue  of  very  tine 

form  (12I-     6d. 
R.  F.  Felton. — Very  fine  lavender  (20).     40. 
Royal    Salute. — Bright    salmon    red  with    a  touch  of 

orange  (lu).     6d. 
The  President. — Rich  orange  scarlet  (13)     4a. 
toUections  B  and  C   together  for  7/6,  with  one  packet 
of  I.oyaltv,   white,  flaked    roval    blue    (.'o)    3d.;    and 
one  packet  of  Brocade,  a    pleasing    salmon    rose    tmt, 

shaded  mauve  (I i)  6d.  gratis. 
The  three  complete  roUections  and  three  gratis  packets 

for  9(6. 
Customers    may   select    from    the    Collcctious    packets 
priced   separatelv   to   the   value   of  3s.    and  over,    and 
deduct '2d.  in  the  is.  from  reniittanee. 

BATHS  SELECT  VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER  SEEDS. 

Full  Illustrated  Catalogue  post  free  on  application. 

R.   H.  BATH,   LTD., 

THE     FLORAL     FARMS, 
WISBECH. 


vm. 


THE     GARDEN. 


HUNDREDS    OF    PREMIER    HONOURS 

Awarded    to    the    PRODUCE   OF    WEBBS'    SEEDS,    including    in 

1920  Silver  Cups  at  London,  National  Sweet  Pea  Show,  and  H.M. 
The  King's  £21  Cup.  Large  Gold  Medals  at  Shrewsbury  ; 
National  Potato  Show  :  National  Sweet  Pea  Show  :  Wolverhampton  ; 
Biimingham,   Oxford-   Walsill,  etc. 


P 
I  ^ 

> 


^jtm.&xj!!^,si^m . 


WBBBS'  CATALOGUE   of   Vegetable   and  Flower 
Seeds,    Lawn   Seeds,   Potatoes,    Bulbs,    Fertilisers, 

etc.,  for  1921,  Now  Ready.      Post  Free  on  request. 

WEBB    &    SONS,    LTD.  (Tbe  King  s  Seedsmen)  STOURBRIDGE 


i^l; 


mill 


nil 


Fine  Pyramids  and  Standards  of 

COX'S  ORANGE 

and  ALL  THE   BEST  APPLES 
PEARS,    PLUMS,   Etc. 


FRUITTREES'"^  «"*'^^ 


BEST  VARIETIES 


TRUE    TO     NAME. 


COX'S    ORANGE,  the  finest  of  all  Dessert  Apples 


APPLES,    PEARS,    PLUMS,   CHERRIES 

standards,  Pyramids,   Bushes,  Dwarf  Trained,  etc. 

APRICOTS.       Dwarf  trained,  in   variety. 
BLACKBERRIES.     Parsley-leaved  and  Wilson  Junior,  the  best. 

^nADC        Standards,    John    Downie,    Dartmouth,    etc.,  free  bearing; 
^■■'*^^'     ornamental,  and   fruit  splendid  for  Jellies,  etc. 

CURRANTS.    Black,  Red  and  White,  fine  bushes. 

GOOSEBERRIES.      Good  trees  of  all  the  best. 

LOGANBERRY.      E.xtra   fine  canes  of  the  true  thing. 

NUTS    &    FILBERTS,    strong  bushes  ofleading  kinds. 
•J 
;|      P  EACH  ES&  NECTARINES.  Dwarf  trained,  for  walls 

RASPBERRIES.    Good  transplanted,  well-rooted  canes. 
Special  Quotations  for  above,  also  Flowering  Shrubs,  etc.,  on  application. 

WOOD  &  INGRAM  HUNTINGDON 


.illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 


llllllll! 


^?7:^£!!X 


No.   2563.— Vol.' LXXXV. 

RESTORING    THE 


[J.A.NUARY   li   I92I. 


GARDEN    WITH    ANNUALS 


HAPPILY  this  New  Year  provides 
a  definite  turning  point  in  the 
affairs  of  the  flower  garden. 
There  are  not  wanting  signs  of 
a  great  restoration,,  and  it  is 
safe  to  prophesy  that  this  year  will  be 
specially  noted  for  the  revival  in  the 
cultivation  of  annuals.  It  becomes  the 
duty  of  everj'  home  ownier  to  make  the 
garden  as  pleasant  as  it  can  well  be  made, 
and  there  is  nothing  to  equal  annual 
iJowers  to  restore  the  garden  to  its  full 
glory  in  the  shortest  space  of  time.  Happy 
is  the  man  who  can  point  his  friends  to 
a  lovely  garden  and  say,  "  I  have  done 
it."  The  garden  that  some- 
body else  has  made  for  us  is 
never  so  appreciated  as  the 
one  into  which  we  have  put 
our  own  ideas  and  worked  ^\^tll 
our  own  hands. 

Annuals  for  Everybody's 
Garden.  —  Certain  annuals 
are  indispensable.  Foremost 
among  them  is  the  Shirley 
Poppy,  appropriately  chosen 
as  the  subject  of  the  front 
cover  of  this  issue.  The  flowers 
from  which  the  coloured  illus- 
tration was  prepared  were 
grown  from  the  selected  strain 
sent  out  by  Messrs.  Sutton  and 
Sons.  Then  there  are  Asters, 
Stocks,  Clarkias,  Cornflowers, 
Coreopsis,  Eschscholzias 
(better  kno^vn  as  Californian 
IPoppies),  Gypsophilas  and 
Phlox  Drummondii,  to  men- 
tion only  a  few,  for  there 
are  many  others,  including 
Sweet  Peas,  the  only  annual 
to  have  a  National  Society  all 
to  itself.  The  reader  who  is 
seeking  to  grow  the  most  up- 
to-date  Sweet  Peas  should 
consult  the  selection  on  page  6. 
There  are  well  known  flowers 
not  strictly  annuals  that  might 
well  be  included  here,  viz., 
Antirrhinums,  or  Snap- 
dragons, Aquilegias  and  Wall- 
flowers, all  of  which  are  best 
grown  from  seed.  Certain 
annuals,  once  they  are  intro- 
duced into  a  garden,  never 
fail  to  put  in  an  appearance 
each  year.      We  have  in  mind 


Pot  Marigolds,  now  so  very  popular  m 
Scottish  gardens,  Candytuft  and  the 
ubiquitous  Nasturtiums.  One  of  the  charms 
of  flower  gardening  is  that  it  grows  upon 
one,  but  the  novice  must  be  cautioned 
about  the  over-anxiety  to  get  the 
seeds  into  the  ground  early.  The 
severe  weather,  coupled  with  the  snow- 
storm which  raged  over  the  British 
Isles  quite  recently,  serves  to  remind 
one  very  forcibly  of  the  evils  of  early 
sowing  in  the  open.  .-Vnnuals  are  often 
sown  too  soon  in  the  open,  and  the 
result  is  premature  blooming  and  a 
poor    display. 


IN     A     GARDEN     OF     ANNUALS. 


Sowing      under     Glass.  —  Whatever    the 
weather   may   be  J  does   not   interfere   with 
the   sowing   of   seeds   under   glass.      They 
can  be  sown  in   pots,    pans   or  boxes  ;     a 
very    convenient    size    box    is    14    inches 
long,    9  inches   wide  and   3   inches   deep. 
The  box  must  be  w-ell  drained  with  crocks 
and   rough  leaf-soil.      A  suitable  compost 
for  sowing  consists  of  two  parts  of  loamy 
soil  and  one  of  leaf-mould,  with  one  part 
of  coarse  sand.     Pass  this  through  a  fine 
mesh    sieve,    leaving   the    rough    stuff    re- 
maining  in   the   sieve   for   putting  in   the 
bottom  of  the  box  for  drainage.     Fill  the 
box    Ughtly    with    soil,    then    press    down 
moderately   firm   with    a   flat 
board.     With    many   seeds  it 
is  a    great  advantage   to  sow 
under  glass,  afterwards  prick- 
ing off  the  seedhngs  and  trans- 
planting   outside.    A  n  t  i  r- 
rhinums    are  best  grown  this 
way,  the  simplest  course  being 
to  treat   them   as  half-hard\' 
,  annuals,  sowing  the  seed  from 
January    to    March,    pricking 
off  the,  seedlings  into  pans  or 
boxes  and  then  planting  out 
after    the     Wallflowers     and 
other     spring     bedders    have 
been  removed.    By  this  means 
the    Snapdragon    vnW    flower 
freely   from  the  beginning  of 
July  till  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber.     The   tall    varieties    are 
very      beautiful      for     mixed 
borders,   but  for  general  bed- 
ding purposes  the  intermediate 
section   is  the   most  striking, 
and    at    the    same    time  the 
flowers  are  of  great  value  for 
cutting.       Quite  a  number  of 
beautiful    Snapdragons    have 
been  introduced  during  recent 
years,  a  few  of  the  best  being 
Sunset,  Melrose,  Crimson  King, 
Cottage  Maid  and  Moonlight. 
Larkspurs      are      among     the 
most     popular     of     all     blue 
flowers.      They   are    perfectly 
hardy,    and  the  fine  spikes  o'f 
bloom  are   most  graceful    for 
room  decoration,    while   very 
deUghtful    effects  can  be    ob- 
tained    by     putting     these 
annuals    in    beds    by    them- 
selves. H.  C. 


THE     CxARDEN. 


[January  i,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 

{The   Editor  is   not    responsible    for    the    opinions 
expressed    by    correspondents.) 


RUDBECKIA    AUTUMN    SUN  ? 

/^NE  is  almost  ashamed  to  show  any  acquaint- 
ance with  German  nowadays,  but  surely 
Rudbeckia  Kerbstone,  mentioned  in  The  Garden. 
December  i8,  1920,  on  page  622,  should  be  Herbst- 
sonne  (Autumn  Sun). — Charles  E.   Pearso.s'. 

CLIANTHUS    PUNICEUS. 

VOU  may  be  interested  to  see  the  enclosed 
blossoms  of  Clianthus  puniceus.  The  shrub 
is  growing  against  a  south  wall  of  my  house,  but 
so  far  this  winter  it  has  had  no  protection.  It 
flowered  well  in  the  spring,  but  I  have  not  known 
it  before  to  have  blossoms  again  in  the  winter. 
There  have  been  about  eight  or  ten. — John  E. 
William?,  Hillside,  Llandaff,  Cardiff. 

LIFTING    BULBS    OF    LILIUM    HENRYl. 

\X^E  have  been  lifting  the  bulbs  of  Lilium  Henryi 
here  after  leaving  them  in  the  same  place 
for  three  years,  and  I  have  found  a  large  number 
of  bulbs  weighing  2lb.  30ZS.  each.  I  should  be 
very  glad  to  hear  from  some  of  your  readers 
whether  this  is  an  ordinary  or  an  extraordinary 
size.  During  their  sojourn  in  this  particular  bed 
the  stems — crowded  with  their  wonderful  golden 
heads  of  flower — ranged  from  6  feet  to  9  feet  in 
height.— E.  Bvxn  of  Vimv,  Thorpe-le-Soken,  Esse.x. 

STERNBERGIA  LUTEA. 

TN  The  Garden.  December  iS,  1920,  page  624, 
it  is  prescribed  that  •'  no  rock  garden  should 
be  without  a  group  of  this  beautiful  plant."  It 
may  save  some  amateurs  from  disappointment 
if  I  enter  a  caveat.  Unhappily,  it  requires  more 
eun  than  we  can  give  it  in  the  north-west  to  induce 
it  to  flower.  Often  has  my  cupidity  been  fired 
by  its  freedom  and  brilliancy,  both  in  England 
and  in  the  vineyards  of  the  Medoc  ;  but  repeated 
attempts  to  get  it  to  behave  nicely  here  have  all 
been  brought  to  naught,  although  Zephyranthes 
Candida  is  quite  happy  with  us.— Herbert 
Ma.xwell,  Monrcitli. 

BORONIA. 

"A  COSTER"  in  The  Garden  might  extend 
the  interest  of  his  already  very  interesting 
note  by  giving  more  range  to  his  vocabulan,'. 
How  are  Boronias  selling  and  other  plants  out  of 
the  usual  market  run  ?  Hard-wooded  greenhouse 
plants  have  gone  up  in  price  beyond  anything 
popular,  yet  some,  such  as  Heaths  and  Azaleas, 
will  keep  their  place  at  almost  any  figure.  Boronia, 
too,  has  a  place  of  its  own  ;  no  plant  surpasses 
it  in  scenting  a  house,  not  merely  a  room.  An 
Australian  lady  has  just  told  me  the  pink  Boronia 
is  only  scrub  where  she  comes  from,  and  the  brown 
one  only  found  in  Western  Australia.  By  brown 
she  means  no  doubt  megastigma,  the  most  power- 
fully scented.  Some  dictionaries  describe  its 
flowers  as  purple  and  lemon,  but  they  are  so  tiny 
that  the  purple  has  a  brown  aspect.  By  the  other 
or  scrub  Boronias  this  lady  probably  means  rosea, 
elatior  or  serrulata — Australians  are  rather  weak 
on  botany.  All  were  formerly  much  grown  for 
the  London  florist  trade.  Perhaps  "  A.  Coster  " 
can  tell  if  his  barrow  is  ever  graced  with  these 
examples  of  Australian  flora. — Hurstcot. 

THE    CARNATION. 

T  AM  utterly   at    variance    with    the    opinion  of 
P.  S.   Hayward  in  his  article  on  "  The   Car- 
nation "   (December  4,    1920,   page  596)   that  the 
old    Carnations   outclass   the   newer   varieties.     I 


have  never  seen  an  Harlowarden  to  equal  British 
Triumph  yet  in  form,  colour,  habit  of  growth  or 
fragrance.  I  will  admit  it  has  its  good  points — 
the  calyx  does  not  split  and  it  has  a  good  stiif 
stem — but  compared  with  Triumph  it  is  absolutely 
out  of  the  picture.  The,  blooms  of  Harlowarden 
here  average  2i  inches  across,  while  Triumph 
averages  3i  inches,  and  we  often  get  them  4  inches, 
which  is  all  that  can  be  desired.  Another  good 
\ariety  of  recent  introduction  is  Mrs.  Edward 
Douty,  but  I  do  not  remember  much  about  it, 
only  havuig  seen  it  at  Wisley  during  the  trial. 
Then,  again,  there  is  Mikado.  It  is  very  nice 
certainly,  but  its  cropping  value  is  nil.  To  every 
bloom  of  Mikado  you  will  get  six  of  Cinderella. 
For  abundance  of  bloom  (during  the  winter  at 
any  rate)  the  latter  stands  unequalled.  There 
is  one  fault  with  it.  It  is  rather  chameleon- 
like as  regards  its  colour.  Here  we  have 
the  usual  mauve  and  pink,  another  is  a 
combination  of  the  two  colours  and  looks 
perfectly  hideous,  and  a  third  a  lovely  scarlet. 
Circe  is  also  good.  Mr.  Hayward  asks  "  where 
is  there  a  rose-coloured  Carnation  to  outclass 
Mrs.  C.  W.  Ward  and  Mrs.  Lawson  ?  "  I 
suggest,  if  he  has  not  already  done  so,  he 
should  procure  Destiny,  which  will  answer  the 
question  he  asks. — F.  A,  Dench,  Dunorlan 
Gardens,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

PURPLE  VERSUS  COPPER  BEECH. 

T  TRUST  that  my  friend  Professor  Somerville 
in  his  note  on  the  Copper  Beech  (December  iS, 
1920.  page  618)  had  in  view  the  Purple  Beech, 
which  is  worthy  of  all  praise,  and  not  the  Copper 
Beech,  which  is  so  inferior  to  it.  In  spring  it  is 
not  possible  to  distinguish  between  the  two  varie- 
ties, the  young  leaves  of  each  being  of  a  delicate- 
roseate  hue,  like  those  of  Cercidiphyllum  japonicum 
at  a  similar  stage  of  growth.  But  the  foliage  of 
the  Copper  Beech  never  assumes  at  midsummer 
the  deep,  rich  maroon  of  the  Purple  variety, 
but  remains  of  a  hot,  rusty  metallic  hue,  which 
seems  to  me  the  reverse  of  attractive.  No  doubt 
both  varieties,  as  well  as  intermediate  forms, 
occur  in  plants  raised  from  the  seed  of  a  single 
tree,  and  that  a  Purple  one.  They  are  well 
described  by  Messrs.  Elwes  and  Henry  in  their 
great  work  on  British  and  Irish  trees  (Vol.  I, 
pages  7  and  8),  wherein  is  also  mentioned  the  grim 
legend  of  their  origin  on  the  Irchel  mountain  in 
Zurichgan.  In  Scheuzer's  work  on  Swiss  natural 
history,  published  in  1709,  it  is  stated  that  the 
local  tradition  affirms  that  three  Beeches  with 
red  leaves  sprang  up  on  the  spot  where  five  brothers 
fought  and  killed  each  other.  Of  the  Purple 
Beeches  which  I  have  seen,  and  enjoyed  seeing, 
two  remain  in  memory  as  richest  and  finest.  One 
stands  at  the  west  end  of  Lord  Jersey's  house  of 
Osterley.  the  other  at  a  bend  of  the  river  Test 
just  below  Lord  Palmerston's  old  home  (now 
Colonel  Wilfrid  Ashley's)  of  Broadlands.  Tenny- 
son, his  sense  of  beauty  in  Nature  notwithstanding, 
seems  not  to  have  shared  my  love  for  the  Purple 
Beech.  It  is  mentioned  but  once  in  his  poems 
with  implied  dispraise. 

"  I    have,     I     think — Heaven    knows — as     much 
within  ; 

Have,  or  should  ha\-e,  but  for  a  thought  or  two. 

That,  like  a  Purple  Beech  among  the  greens. 

Looks  out  of  place." 

— (Edwin  Morris,  or  the  Lake.) 
Perhaps  the  poet  had  a  Copper  Beech  in  mind. — 
Herbert  Maxwell,  Monreith. 

POLYGALA    CHAM.«BUXUS. 

TT  was  one  of  the  late  Mr.  Farrer's  regrets  that 

he  could  not  grow  this  pretty  Milkwort.     "  I 

swear  I  love  her  whole-heartedly,  the  little  creeping 


Box  that  one  finds  on  the  lower  Alps,  with  butterfly 
shaped  flowers  of  cream  and  yellow  and  white  and 
orange,"  but  none  of  the  family  would  do  in  his 
garden.  Here,  on  the  other  hand,  several  forms 
of  P.  Chanuebuxus  will  prosper  anywhere,  in  sun 
or  thin  woodland  shade,  revelling  in  our  light, 
lime-free,  shaley  loam  and  flowering  in  spring  and 
autunm  with  unfailing  regularity.  The  variety 
purpurea,  with  its  magenta-purple  wings  and 
yellow  centre,  is  the  prettiest  of  its  species,  and 
it  appears  to  be  the  most  robust,  especially  the 
form  with  rounder,  thicker  leaves  than  that 
which  more  nearly  resembles  the  type.  P.  Chams- 
buxus  enjoys  leaf-mould,  and  an  annual  top- 
dressing  of  that  material  and  sandy  loam  in  equal 
parts  improves  the  colour  and  size  of  both  foliage 
and  flowei-s. — N.  Wales. 


ARE    NUTS    FRUIT  ? 

AT  the  recent  autunm  exhibition  of  the  Bourne- 
mouth Horticultural  Society  prizes  were 
offered  in  Class  9  (open  division)  for  a  collection 
of  fruity  six  distinct  varieties.  There  were  two 
entries.  One  contained  excellent  examples  of 
Black  and  White  Grapes,  Apples,  Pears,  Melon 
and  a  dish  of  Cob  Nuts,  for  the  inclusion  of  which 
the  exhibitor  was  disqualified,  the  first  prize  being 
awarded  to  a  much  inferior  exhibit.  In  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society's  code  of  rules  for 
judging  I  notice  that  in  stating  the  number  of 
fruits  to  a  dish  ilb.  of  Nuts  is  specified.  There 
being  no  rule  in  the  local  society's  schedule  pro- 
hibiting Nuts,  were  the  judges  right  in  disqualify- 
ing ?  I  have  no  personal  interest  in  the  matter, 
but  being  frequently  called  on  to  judge  at  local 
exhibitions  and,  therefore,  rather  a  keen  critic 
of  the  work  of  others,  it  would  be  interesting  to 
learn  through  the  columns  of  The  Garden  the 
views  of  some  of  your  readers  on  the  point  in 
question. — C.  Rippard,  Ashton  Court  Gardens, 
Bournemouth . 

[In  all  instances  where  the  wording  of  the  schedule 
may  come  into  question  a  copy  of  the  schedule 
ought  to  be  sent.  If  our  correspondent  is  correct  in 
saying  that  there  was  "  no  rule  in  the  local  society's 
schedule  prohibiting  Nuts,"  the  judges  were 
undeniably  in  error.  Nuts  are  fruit  in  every 
sense  of  the  word,  and  in  the  absence  of  a  governing 
clause  excluding  them — which  it  is,  of  course,  in 
the  pdwer  of  any  society  to  create — to  disqualify 
an  exhibit  of  fruits  simply  because  it  contained 
Nuts  was  contrary  to  the  wording  of  the  schedule. 
The  disqualified  exhibitor  should  have  entered  a 
formal  protest,  which  proper  investigation  could 
not  have  done  other  than  uphold. — Ed.] 


A    GARDEN    OF    BERRIES. 

nPHE  suggestion  of  A.  L.  Darrah  (page  598)  is 
an  excellent  one  and  would  furnish  food  for 
thought  all  the  days  of  the  year,  if  anything  like 
adequate  space  were  available  to  display  only  a 
few  of  the  species  of  each  genus  he  has  mentioned. 
This  would  imply  the  proper  arrangement  of  each 
to  give  it  adequate  space,  sun  and  shade,  as  each 
requires  it;  cultivation,  and  judicious  pruning  if 
planted  in  limited  space.  Standards  of  some  would 
eke  out  the  space  as  only  the  head  would  need  to  be 
exposed  to  light.  Economy  would  urge  a  commence- 
ment with  Gooseberries,  Currants,  Raspberries, 
Strawberries  and  Loganberries,.  Cotoneaster 
microphylla  and  C.  Simonsii  take  kindly  to  walls, 
but  C.  horizontalis  is  most  at  home  when  planted 
as  shown  on  page  599.  C.  thymifolia  makes  a 
little  bush,  but  C.  frigida  grows  10  feet  to  20  feet 
high  or  more,  and  carries  its  berries  well  through 
the  winter  if  the  place  is  not  too  much  frequented 
by  blackbirds  and  thrushes.    The'space  at  command 


January  i,  192 i.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


in  a  particular  case  may  urge  consideration  of  the 
dwarfer  species,  unless  fancy  determines  that  certain 
shrubs  must  be  included.  The  best  fruiting 
Skimniias  in  my  experience  are  S.  japonica  (oblata), 
S.  j.  Foremani  and  S.  Fortune!,  but  the  latter  is 
considered  somewhat  tender.  S.  j.  fragrantissima 
is  only  a  male  form  and  does  not  fruit.  Male  and 
female  .Aucubas,  Hollies  and  Hippophs  must  be 
planted,  otherwise  no  berries  will  result.  Of  the 
ever.?reen  Thorns,  Pyracantha  coccinea  Lalandei, 
P.  Gibbsii,  P.  crenulata  Rogersiana,  and  P.  c.  R. 
flava  are  very  fruitful  and  handsome.  Where 
Viburnum  Lantana  takes  kindly  to  the  soil  and 
fruits  well,  the  changes  of  colour  in  the  fruit  are 
a  revelation.  At  first  it  is  pale  green,  then 
becomes  edged  with  pink  or  red.  changing  wholly 
to  red  and  finally  black.  If  I  were  limited  to  one 
fruiting  Crab  of  moderate  dimensions  it  would  be 
John  Downie.  Gaultheria  Shallon  fruits  profusely 
at  12  inches  to  rS  inches  high.  The  various 
coloured  fruits  of  the  Pernettyas  should 
also  find  a  place. — Hortul.^nus. 

POT    MARIGOLDS. 

T  WAS  much  interested  in  'Anne 
Amateur's"  reference  to  this  old- 
fashioned  flower  and  the  compli- 
mentary way  in  which  she  spoke  of 
my  firm's  strain  of  it.  My  daughter, 
who  returned  recently  from  a  visit  to 
California,  tells  me  Calendula  is  very 
popular  there  for  house  and  table 
decorations.  It  is  displayed  lavishly 
in  all  big  florist's  shops.  I  asked  if 
the  flowers  represented  a  good  strain 
and  she  said  "  Yes,"  they  ?re  quite  as 
fine  and  double  as  big  as  yours  at 
home.  I  was  comforted  by  the  reflec- 
tion that  a  few  years  ago  we  sent 
out  6lb.  of  our  best  seed  for  stock  to 
an  American  house ! 

"  Most  can  raise  the  flower  now, 
For  all  have  got  the  seed." 
1  enclose  a  good  photograph  of  Calen- 
dula oflicinalis  fl.  p!..  otherwise  Scotch 
or   I'ot  Marigold. — W.  Citiibeki-on. 

MICHAELMAS    DAISIES. 

TN  his,  to  me,  most  interesting 
article  on  Michaelmas  Daisies  which 
appeared  in  The  Garden  for  December 
II,  Mr.  Jacob  makes  one's  mouth 
water  at  the  goodly  company  of  this 
magnificent  autumn  flower,  which  he 
so  charmingly  portrays.  Evidently 
they  are  a  goodly  heritage  and  worthy 
of  inclusion  in  all  gardens  where 
thought  and  consideration  are  given  to 
flowers  that  come  in  all  their  beauty 
in  the  closing  weeks  of  the  year.  Raised  in  a 
garden  which  has  such  a  wide  reputation  as 
Aldenham,  one  can  understand  what  pleasure 
the  opening  of  new  Michaelmas  Daisies  would 
excite.  I  share  with  Mr.  Jacob  his  preference 
for  single  varieties.  To  my  mind  the  simplicity 
of  the  singles  undoubtedly  constitutes  one  of 
their  greatest  charms.  .■Although  one  would  like 
■  to  find  out  where  some  of  the  gems  the  writer 
has  brought  into  the  limelight  for  our  delecta- 
tion can  be  procured,  it  must  not  be  forgotten 
that  in  some  of  the  older  sorts  we  have  flowers  of 
wondrous  beauty  that,  unlike  some  subjects, 
call  for  no  special  culture  to  come  in  prodigal 
perfection  in  the  autumn  days.  Such  are  varieties 
like  Thomas  Hemming  (rosy  lilac).  Chastity  (pure 
white),  Andromeda  (rosy  mauve),  Praecox  (deep 
purple),  Fanny  (lilac)  and  Rosalind  (rose  with 
brown  disc).     It  is  always  a  puzzle  to  me  why, 


comparatively  speaking,  so  few  people  give 
Michaelmas  Daisies  much  consideration,  and  I 
can  only  surmise  that  with  many  they  are  wholly 
in  the  dark  concerning  present-day  sorts  ;  and 
the  confession  of  an  old  friend  of  mine  who  was 
shown  a  collection  last  October  confirms  this, 
as  he  said,  "  I  had  no  idea  that  Michaelmas 
Daisies  were  so  varied  and  beautiful ;  I  must 
certaiijy  have  some."  For  my  own  part  I  look 
upon  them  as  indispensable  in  a  border  of  hardy- 
plants,  as  they  give  us  lavishly  of  their  beauty 
at  a  time  of  the  year  when  every  bit  of  colour  is 
most  welcome,  and  to  a  town  gardener  they  are 
a  veritable  asset. — W.  Linders  Le.-v. 


LAURUSTINUS. 

""PHE    Laurustinus    appears    to    be    quite    hardy 

in   districts   much   nearer   London   than   that 

mentioned    in    a    recent    issue    of    The    Garden. 


SCOTCH     OR     POT    MARIGOLDS. 

In  several  south-western  suburbs  isolated  bushes 
of  this  lovely  evergreen  are  to  be  met  with,  and 
at  Thornton  Heath  in  a  small  plantation  facing 
south  two  handsome  bushes  have  been  flowering 
beautifully  for  .some  time  past.  We  need  to 
plant  more  of  this  evergreen  and  other  flowering 
and  berried  shrubs  in  these  newer  suburbs,  so 
much  overplanted  with  close-shaven  Privet  and 
Euonymous.  The  Mock  Orange,  Pyrus  japonica, 
Pyracantha,  Rosa  rugosa.  Clematis  for  fronts 
of  houses.  Climbing  Roses  other  than  ramblers 
are  occasionally  seen  in  thriving  condition,  but 
there  are  very  few  things  so  beautiful  as  the 
Laurustinus  at  this  dull  season.  A  few  cut 
flower-sprays  arc  very  welcome  for  indoor 
decoration.  Another  old  climbing  plant,  the 
Winter  Jasmine,  is  very  handsome  on  the  fronts 
of  several  small  villas  hereabouts. — G.  A. 
Champion,   Tlionitoii  Hcaih. 


FLOWERS    ATTRACTIVE    TO 
BUTTERFLIES. 

TN  that  restful  half  hour  which  follows  upon 
one's  evening  meal  I  was  turning  over  some 
loose  back  numbers  of  The  Garden  when  my  eye 
caught  an  item  of  news  which  comes  as  an  inter- 
esting footnote  to  a  matter  touched  on  in  the 
December  ii  issue.  The  Rev.  Joseph  Jacob, 
in  writing  upon  his  trial  of  some  of  the  newer 
Aldenham  Michaelmas  Daisies,  made  the  happy 
discovery  that  they  stand  high  in  the  list  of  flowers 
attractive  to  butterflies.  This  pleasing  attribute 
in  a  flower  is  generally  completely  overlooked  so 
far  as  butterflies  are  concerned,  though  not  so  as 
regards  bees,  which  do  have  their  wants  catered 
for  in  some  flower  catalogues  and  no  doubt  in 
some  gardens.  Indeed,  on  reflection,  is  there  not 
a  much  added  enjoyment  to  a  border  of 
flowers  in  full  sunshine  when  it  is 
vocal  and  vibrant  from  the  busy 
company  of  happy  insects  at  work 
among  the  flowers  ?  I  suppose  it  is 
that  a  feeling  of  companionship  comes 
over  one,  as  sharing  a  pleasure  w'ith 
others.  I  enclose  a  note  which 
appeared  in  your  issue  of  October  12, 
1907,  on  "  Butterflies  in  a  Garden." 
which  confirms  Mr.  Jacob  in  his 
observations  on  Sedum  spectabile  and 
on  the  sudden  appearance  of  the  gay 
visitors  from  nowhere.  But  he  will 
surely  be  able  to  list  for  us  a  more 
generally  popular  selection  of  garden 
subjects  than  your  correspondent  of 
1907.  Does  Mr.  Jacob  confirm  the  toxic 
effects  of  Sedum  nectar,  and  on  what 
evidence  is  the  assertion  made  as  to  the 
cause  of  the  partial  stupefaction  of  the 
inserts  ? — Samuel   Pope. 

■Butterflies  in  a  Garden.  —  It 
may  interest  your  correspondent 
to  learn  that  some  years  ago  I 
tried  a  series  of  e.^tperiments  on 
naturalising  not  only  some  of  the 
showier  butteiiiies  but  moths  also. 
I  tried  obtaining  eggs  and  trans- 
ferring the  resultant  caterpillars  to 
their  natural  food  plants,  and  alsc 
releasing  the  perfect  insects  that  had 
been  bred  in  captivity.  My  experi- 
ments were  limited  to  the  showier 
British  species,  but  all,  I  must 
confess,  resulted  in  failure.  After  this, 
the  only  course  open  to  me  seemed  to 
be  to  plant  freely  of  flowers  most 
attractive  to  butterflies,  and  iu  this 
way  better  results  were  obtained.  Far 
and  away  the  most  attractive  plant  to 
these  insects  is  Sedum  spectabile,  which 
does  not,  however,  bloom  till  the  month  of  .\ugust. 
.At  that  time  in  bright  weather  the  several  showy 
species  of  the  genus  Atalanta  may  be  seen  hovering 
over  the  large  flattened  heads  of  pink  flowers,  and 
imbibing  the  nectar  until  they  became  partially- 
stupefied.  This  will  happen  even  if  before  the 
flowering  of  the  Sedum  scarcely  a  butterfly  of  this 
section  is  to  be  seen.  A  shrub  nearly  as  attractive 
to  the  same  butterflies  is  Itea  virginica,  a  native 
of  North  .America,  which  forms  a  compact,  freely 
branched  bush,  as  a  rule  from  3  feet  to  5  feet  in 
height.  The  flowers  are  small,  whitish,  and  dis- 
posed in  dense  spikes  a  good  deal  in  the  way  of 
some  of  the  shrubby  Veronicas.  It  needs  a  cool, 
moist  peaty  soil.  Other  subjects  that  may  be 
mentioned  as  very  attractive  to  the  showier 
butterflies  are  single  Dahlias,  Scabious,  Sun- 
flowers,   Marigolds    and    the    British    Ragwort. — 

H.  p." 


THE    GARDEN. 


[January  r,  1921. 


RE-MAKING    LAWNS    FROM    SEED 


Bv     \y.    DALLIMORK. 


M: 


ANY  areas  of  ground  that  were 
under  grass  either  as  lawns,  lawn 
tennis  grounds  and  cricket  grounds  in 
pre-war  days  were  ploughed  or  dug 
^  over  during  the  lean  years  succeeding 
I9r4  and  cropped  with  Potatoes  and  other  vege- 
tables, and  have  remained  as  vegetable  gardens 
until  the  present  time.  Now,  however,  the  owners 
wish  to  restore  the  ground  to  its  original  purpose, 
and  the  question  arises  as  to  how  this  may  be 
most  easily  accomplished,  and  that  is  undoubtedly 
by  sowing  seed. 

The  deep  digging  and  manuring  that  have  gone 
on  during  the  last  few  years  have  all  been  in  favour 
of  future  lawns,   for  deep  cultivation  has  broken 
up  hard  subsoil  and  the  ground  has  become  well 
aerated  to  a  considerable  depth,   thus  improving 
its   general   fertility'    Where    the   ground   is    well 
drained  further  cultivation   will  be   unnecessary, 
except  in  such  places  where  hard  paths  have  been 
left     between    borders,   and    corners    have    been 
unworked.     In  such  places  the  ground  should  be 
dug  up  as  deeply  as  the  rest  of  the  ground,  and  if 
poor    it    should    be    manured.     The    whole    area 
should  then  be  well  trodden,  taking  particular  care 
to    make    the   parts    that   have    been   newly   dug 
really  firm.     Levelling  pegs  must  then  be  inserted 
about  6  feet  apart  throughout  the  ground.     These 
may  be  inserted  by  means  of  a  spirit  level  or  with 
boning     rods.     For     an     ordinary    lawn     boning 
rods  are  usually  quite  satisfactory,  but  for  lawn 
tennis  grounds,  croquet  lawns  and  cricket  pitches 
it  is   better  to  use  a  spirit  level.     Care  must  be 
taken  to  arrange  the  general  level  so  that  there 
will  be  sufficient  soil  for  the  purpose  on  the  ground, 
while    none  will  need  to  be  carted  away.     After 
the  insertion  of  the  pegs  it  will  probably  be  found 
that  several  inches  need  to  be  removed  from  some 
places  and  holes  filled  elsewhere.     This  will  mean 
barrow    work,    and    for    that    planks    or    scaffold 
boards  should   be   provided,    for   it   is   imwise    to 


seed  in  and  either  leave  it  unrolled  or  pass  a  light 
roller  over  the  surface.  If  wet.  a  roller  will  do 
more  harm  than  good,  and  as  a  rule  it  is  wise 
to  leave  the  surface  open.  Steps  must  be  taken 
to  keep  birds  away  until  the  young  grass  appeai-s. 
Nothing  is  gained  by  sowing  seed  before  March 
unless  it  can  be  sown  during  early  auttimn. 

In  the  case  of  heavy  ground  that  is  not  well 
drained  it  is  a  wise  plan  to  lay  agricultural  drains 
down  before  any  levelling  is  done,  while  the  addition 
of  grit  or  cinders  to  the  surface  soil  will  be  attended 
by  good  results.  This  work  should  Ix'  done  at 
once  so  that  the  ground  may  become  settled,  anil 
advantage  may  be  taken  of  fine  weather  in  March 
for  final  preparatory  work  and  seed  sowing.  Upon 
no  account  dig  loose  or  long  manure  into  land 
that  is  to  be  sown  down  with  grass  at  this  period, 
for  it  will  continue  to  decay  for  some  time  and 
cause  uneven  sinkage.  All  such  manuring  ought 
to  have  been  done  while  the  land  was  cropped 
with  vegetables,  and  if  an\-  manure  is  applied 
now  let  it  be  bone  manure.  In  the  e\ent  of  soil 
being  required  to  make  up  a  deficiency,  care  must 
be  taken  to  use  only  such  as  is  reasonably  clean 
from  weed  seeds.  Upon  no  account  use  that  from 
garden  refuse  heaps  unless  it  can  be  covered  l)y  a 
substantial  layer  of  good  soil.  If  soil  containing 
weed  seeds  is  used  it  will  cause  a  great  deal  of 
future  annoyance. 

Where  lawns  are  formed  upon  slighth-  rolling 
ground  it  is  a  mistake  to  try  to  make  them  a 
dead  level  unless  they  are  required  for  games. 
Rather  let  the  lawns  follow  the  natural  contour 
of  the  land,  taking  care  to  smooth  down  any  ugly 
little  humps  or  fill  up  holes. 

The  most  satisfactory  Grasses  for  lawns  arc 
Fine-leaved  Sheep's  Fescue  (Festuca  ovina  var. 
tenuifolia).  Hard  Fescue  (Festuca  duriuscula). 
Crested  Dog's  Tail  (Cynosurus  cristatus).  Red 
Fescue  (Festuca  rubra)  and  Smooth-stalked 
Meadow   Grass    (Poa   pratensis).     If   a    very   fin<- 


on  newly  sown  lawns  during  the  first  year,  although 
this  will  depend  entirely  upon  the  condition  of 
the  grass  and  the  amount  of  play  that  is  required. 
An  odd  game  now  and  then  would  do  no  harm, 
whereas  regular  play  would  perhaps  ruin  the 
turf.  During  the  first  year  it  is  probable  that 
hand-weeding  may  be  necessary  on  one  or  two 
occasions. 


Annuals  for  Colour  Effect 

There  is  often  an  opportunity  of  having  a  whole 
border  of  annuals  and  biennials,  and  it  is  well 
worth  while  to  arrange  it  carefully  for  colour, 
so  that  the  whole  border  may  be  a  picture  of 
harmonious  plant  beauty  instead  of  a  haphazard 
assemblage  of  flowers  placed  without  thought  or 
any  definite  intention.  The  plan  shows  a  border 
of  annuals  arranged  for  good  colour,  with  blue 
and  white  and  pale  yellow  at  one  end,  passing  to 
stronger  yellow,  orange  and  red  in  the  middle 
and  then  on  to  pink  and  purple  at  the  fm^ther  end. 
It  is  only  a  slight  suggestion,  but  is  enough  for 
an  indication  of  what  may  be  done  in  larger  and 
possibly  better  ways. 

We  have  a  bit  of  ground  that  had  become 
badly  infested  with  Couch  ;  a  pest  that  cannot 
be  entirely  eradicated  at  one  digging.  It  was 
first  carefully  forked  over  to  get  out  as  much  of 
the  grass  root  as  possible,  but  some  small  pieces 
are  sure  to  have  escaped  observation.  We  shall 
sow  it  with  annuals,  to  await  a  final  cleaning  in 
the  late  autumn.  G.  J. 


Annuals  for  an   Unheated 
Greenhouse 

SOME  of  the  hardy  amruals  are  grand 
subjects  when  grown  under  glass.  Spring 
sown,  they  will  flower  during  the  summer 
and  autumn,  and  another  sowing  can 
be  made  in  August  to  raise  plants 
which    will    flower    during    the    following    spring. 


^^<^ 


30  HO  So  bo  JO 

A     BORDER     OF     ANNUALS     ARRANGED     FOR     COLOUR     EFFECT. 


80 


cjo  Teet 


allow  wheeling  on  the  bare  ground.  During  this 
work  care  must  be  taken  not  to  interfere  with  the 
levelling  pegs,  and  so  that  they  may  be  easily 
seen  it  is  a  good  plan  to  place  a  small  stick  6  inches 
or  9  inches  high  to  each  one.  After  the  levelling 
has  been  roughly  carried  out  test  the  levels  to 
find  out  whether  any  have  been  moved,  then 
start  at  one  end  and  fork  the  whole  ground  over 
about  3  inches  or  4  inches  deep,  being  very  careful 
to  keep  the  ground  level  during  the  work.  When 
the  surface  of  the  ground  is  moderately  dry,  on 
a  date  as  early  as  possible  in  March,  tread  it  o\'er 
again,  test  the  levels,  and  then  commence  at  one 
end  with  a  wooden  rake  and  rake  the  whole  over, 
extracting  the  levelling  pegs  and  filling  up  the 
holes  firmly  at  the  same  time.  During  the  raking 
as  many  stones  as  possible  must  be  removed. 
After  this  raking  seed  may  be  sown,  taking  advan- 
tage of  a  calm,  fine  day.  The  seed  must  not  be 
sown  very  thickly,  but  sufficient  must  be  used 
to  ensure  a  good  crop.     After  sowing,   rake   the 


Grass  only  is  wanted,  the  first  named  should  be 
selected.  The  best  means  of  obtaining  seed. 
however,  is  to  apply  to  a  seedsman  of  repute, 
giving  him  particulars  of  the  soil  and  whether 
heavy  or  light  and  the  size  of  the  area  to  be  sown. 
He  will  then  be  able  to  provide  the  best  possible 
mixture  for  the  position  and  know  what  quantity 
of  seed  is  required.  Upon  no  account  sow  seed 
from  a  hayloft.  If  this  is  done  unsuitable  Grasses 
and  many  weeds  will  be  introduced. 

When  the  young  Grass  is  2  inches  high  take 
advantage  of  a  day  when  the  surface  is  dry  anil 
roll  it  with  a  light  roller.  This  operation  may  be 
repeated  at  intervals,  using  more  weight  as  the 
\igour  of  the  Grass  increases.  It  should  be 
allowed  to  become  fairly  strong  before  it  is  mown, 
and  the  first  mowing  should  be  done  with  a  scythe. 
Afterwards  regular  mowing  may  be  carried  on. 
By  the  end  of  summer  a  good  turf  should  be 
formed,  and  after-management  will  be  the  same 
as  for  old  lawns.     As  a  rule  it  is  not  wise  to  play 


The  seedlings  must  ne\er  be  allowed  to  become 
overcrowded  in  the  seed-pans  before  being  potted 
off  singly  ;  they  must  also  be  given  a  light  position 
and  abundance  of  fresh  air  on  all  suitable  occasions. 
During  the  winter  great  care  must  be  given  to  the 
application  of  water.  Too  much  water  will  cause 
the  young  plants  to  "  damp  off  "  at  the  collar. 
Among  the  best  are  the  Annual  Chrysanthemum, 
both  double' and  single  varieties.  Clarkias  make 
handsome  specimens  3  feet  and  4  feet  in  height. 
They  have  a  pleasing  pjTamidal  habit  of  growth. 
Good  varieties  are  Salmon  Queen,  Scarlet  Queen  and 
Vesuvius. 

Dimorphotheca  am-antiaca,  new  hybrids  of  this 
annual  continue  in  flower  for  a  long  period,  and 
are  very  effective. 

Mignonette — too  well  known  to  need  description. 
There  are  giant  flowering  varieties,  especially 
suitable  for  pots. 

Nemesia,  very  showy  in  scarlet,  carmhie,  orange, 
white  and  blue. 


January  i,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Nicotiana  (Tobacco). — The  many  now  hybrids  of 
Nicotiana  Sandera^  may  be  obtainet!  in  several 
colours. 

Schizanthus  (Butterfly  Flower). — These  iiuist  be 
included  in  e\'ery  collection.  They  are  most 
beautiful  for  spring  flowering. 

Viscarias  have,  during  recent  years,  become  very 
popular,  and  are  largely  grown  for  Co\'ent  Garden 
and  other  markets. 

Plants  of  .Asters  and  Stocks  are  very  attractive. 
They  may  be  grown  in  the  open  border  and  dug 
up  with  a  ball  of  soil  attached  to  their  roots 
when  showing  their  flower  buds  and  placed  in 
clean   pots. 

Passing  on  to  perennial  plants  for  the  un- 
heated  greenhouse,  we  have  Helleborus  niger 
(the  Christmas  Rose),  producing  its  large  snow 
white  flowers  from  December  to  March.  It  should 
be  included  in  every  collection. 

Sweet  Violets  are  always  welcome  :  tliey  are 
interesting  growing  in  pots,  but  demand  a  light 
position  and  abundance  of  fresh  air. 

Polyanthus  and  Primroses,  including  the  new 
blue,  are  very  charming  when  grown  in  small 
pans ;    as  are  many  of  the  hardy  Primulas. 

Auriculas,  which  rank  among  the  oldest  of 
garden  flowers,  are  most  effective  during  the  spring. 
The  Alpine  Auricula  is  likely  to  give  more  satisfac- 
tion than  the  show  varieties,  unless  the  latter  are 
treated  by  an  expert. 

The  Hepaticas  are  remarkable  for  the  way  in 
which  they  flower,  and  also  for  their  very  simple 
■culture. 

The  (Ladies  Locket)  Dicentra  spectabilis  is  also 
a  plant  of  simple  requirements  which  is  very 
graceful. 

Flowering  in  the  autumn  the  beautiful  blue 
Plumbago  Larpent*  is  always  much  admired. 
The  combination  of  its  coppery  foliage  and 
abundance  of  light  blue  flowers  is  very  pretty. 


ANTIRRHIXUMS    FROM    SEED     SOWN     IN'     J.\NUARV. 


Pans  filled  with  Saxifragas  are  always  delightful. 
Saxifragas  comprise  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
varied  groups  of  plants  in  cultivation.  Many  of  the 
dwarf  species  and  varieties  are  most  suitable 
for  growing  in  pots  and  pans,  and  present  a  charm- 
ing effect  in  early  spring.  They  require  an  open, 
gritty  compost,  and  good  drainage. 

Colin  Ruse. 

Fully  Farm  Gardens.  SuUiamstead.  near  Reading. 


Antirr^jrhxiims     for     Bedding     Purposes 


A    LTHOUGH^   the      homely      Snapdragon 
/%       is  really  4,  hard>-  perennial,   it  is  often 
/    %     employed  ^   an   aimual   with  excellent 
^""^^    results.        Foi'_   bedding    purposes    few 
*  ^  annuals   give   strch   a   gorgeous   display, 

while  for  brilliancy  the  Snapdragons  are  in  the 
front  rank.  Furthermore,  they  are  of  easy 
culture,  and  any  position  except  dense  shade 
will  suit  them,  while  for  natnralismg  among  old 
buildings,  ruins  and  rocky  places  they  are  ideal. 
It  is,  howe\er,  intended  in  the  present  note  to 
recommend  them  for  filling  some  of  the  beds 
and  borders  after  such  subjects  as  Wallflowers 
and  Polyanthus  are  removed. 

To  secure  the  best  results  and  to  get  them  to 
flower  fairly  early  it  is  essential  to  make  an  early 
beginning.  Seed  may  be  sown  at  any  time  from 
January  to  March,  but  about  the  end  of  January 
is  a  suitable  period  to  make  the  principal  sowing. 
If  a  quantity  is  needed  boxes  will  prove  the  most 
convenient ;  these  should  be  filled  with  light 
soil  and  the  surface  made  level,  then  the  seeds 
sown  thinly  and  evenly,  just  covering  them  with 
fine  soil. 

Place  the  boxes  in  a  warm  greenhouse  or 
where  the  temperature  is  about  50°  to  55°, 
iind  cover  them  with  sheets  of  newspaper  until 
germination  takes  place.  When  this  stage  is 
reached  a  slightly  cooler  temperature  is  advised, 
and  the  seedlings  must  be  kept  as  near  the  roof 
glass  as  possible:  Cool  treatment  should  be  the 
rule  for  all  amiuals  if  raised  under  glass,  then 
nice  stocky  plants  will  be  obtained  that  will  give 
a  good  account  of  themselves  in  the  beds.     When 


the  seedlings  ha\'e  made  three  or  four  leaves 
they  must  be  pricked  oif  cither  into  boxes  filled 
with  ordinary  potting  soil,  or  in  cold  frames.  If 
the  latter  are  chosen,  stand  the  frames  on  a  hard 
bottom,  then  place  a  thin  layer  of  decayed  manure, 
o\er  which  lay  2  inches  or  3  inches  of  loam  and 
leaf-mould.  Make  it  firm  and  then  prick  out  thr 
seedlings  a  few  inches  apart.  By  the  time  thev 
are  ready  for  planting  out  the  roots  will  have 
reached  the  manure,  and  in  consequence  the 
plants  can  be  removed  to  their  permanent  quarters 
with  a  good  ball  of  soil.  If  the  weather  is  cold 
and  frosty  the  lights  may  be  covered  with  mats, 
but  during  the  day  when  it  is  mild  and  bright 
the  lights  can  be  drawn  back,  thereby  gradually 
hardening  the  plants  off  and  at  the  same  time 
preventing  them  becoming  weak  and  spindly. 
Where  the  seedlings  are  placed  in  boxes  the 
treatment  is  the  same. 

Directh-  the  Polyanthus  and  Wallflowers  are 
past,  replace  them  with  the  Antirrhinums, 
arranging  them  about  a  foot  apart.  It  is  not 
necessary  to  wait  until  there  is  no  fear  of  frosts, 
providing  the  plants  have  been  inured  to  outside 
conditions.  Where  a  quantity  of  bedding  plants 
are  put  out,  including  Pelargoniums  and  other 
tender  subjects,  a  few  beds  or  borders  of  Antir- 
rhinums relieve  the  pressure  somewhat  during 
May,  as  the  latter  arc  put  out,  as  a  rule,  the  end 
of  April  or  early  in  ^lay.  If  the  soil  is  dry,  gi\e 
it  a  good  soaking  of  water  a  day  or  so  prior  to 
planting. 

There  are  three  sections  of  Antirrhiimms — tall. 
dwarf  or  Tom  Thumb  varieties,  and  intermediate. 


the  latter  being  most  adaptable  for  bedding 
The  finest  Snapdragon  that  we  grew  last  year 
was  Sutton's  Orange  King,  a  glowing  orange 
scarlet  which  at  a  distance  was  a  most  vivid  and 
striking  colour. 

Altogether  there  were  five  hundred  plants 
ill  a  border  about  4  feet  wide,  and  no  bed  looked 
finer  than  these  beautiful  Antirrhinums.  Other 
good  kinds  were  Bonfire  (rich  apricot).  Carmine 
Pink,  Bright  Crimson  and  Fire  King,  while 
Dobbie's  Maize  Queen  was  ver\'  pleasing  and 
distinct. 

When  planting  out  the  Antirrhinums  it  is  a 
good  plan  to  arrange  a  few  groups  in  other  parts 
of  the  garden  where  they  can  remain.  After 
flowering,  cut  off  all  the  old  flower  stems  and 
seed  vessels,  then  the  majority  will  live  through 
the  winter  and  produce  a  fine  display  in  advance 
of  the  seedlings  raised  in  January  of  the  same  year. 

Chcps:o-d\  T.  W.  B. 


BOX    EDGINGS 

Whv  is  it  that  so  many  people  when  laying  out 
Rose  gardens  and  other  more  or  less  formal 
places,  including  vegetable  patches,  edge  them 
with  Box  ?  That  this  is  an  error  must  be  manifest 
to  anyone  who  gives  the  subject  any  thought, 
unless,  of  course,  the  object  is  to  represent  some 
particular  type  or  historical  phase  of  gardening. 
The  objections  to  Bo.x  are  well  known.  It  involves 
an  enormous  amount  of  labour,  it  harbours  snails 
and  other  pests,  it  is  as  bad  as  Pri\et  for  exhausting 
the  soil  within  several  feet  of  its  base,  and  there 
comes  a  time  when,  despite  the  everlasting  clipping, 
the  plants  get  too  big  and  must  be  rooted  out 
and  replaced  with  smaller  ones.  Then  there  is 
one  other  grave  objection  to  Box.  yet  one  not 
often  noted.  I  refer  to  its  smell.  Go  into  a  Rose 
garden  on  a  warm  summer  day,  and  if  the  beds 
are  edged  with  this  shrub  it  will  not  be  the  perfume 
of  Roses  that  will  greet  you.  but  the  strong,  green 
odour  of  Box.  Though  not  an  unpleasant  smell, 
this  is  sometimes  so  powerful  that  it  pervades 
the  whole  atmosphere,  entirely  obliterating  the 
fragrance  of  the  Roses. 

\crlh  Wales.  A.  T.  Johnson. 


THE     GARDEN. 


A    Selection    of   Sweet    Peas    for    1921 


IN  looking  over  some  back  numbers  of  The 
Garden  I  came  across  ••  A  Sweet  Pea  Selec- 
tion for  1920  "  that  I  gave  in  a  February 
issue  (No.  2518),  and  it  occtirred  to  me  that 
the  names  of  a  few  "  plums  "  for  the  coming 
season  might  be  welcome  to  Sweet  Pea  enthusiasts. 
The  select  dozen  for  1920  was  as  follows  :  Edna 
May  Improved,  Hawlmark  Pink,  Jean  Ireland, 
R.  F.  Felton,  Warrior,  Maud  Holmes,  Valentine, 
Edrom  Beauty,  Cecih,  Annie  Ireland,  Agricola  and 
Mrs.  Tom  Jones.  Then  the  Rev.  Joseph  Jacob 
gave  the  following  set  as  his  choice :  Royal 
Purple,  Hawlmark  Pink,  Mrs.  Tom  Jones,  Mother- 
o'-Pearl,  Tangerine,  .Moneymaker,  Daisybud, 
Commander  Godsal.  R.  F.  Felton,  Valentine. 
Gladys  and  Dobbie's  Cream.  Mr.  Cecil  M. 
Bailey,  from  the  "  Emerald  Isle,"  followed  with 
a  select  dozen  as  follows  :  Cecily,  Charity,  Valen- 
tine, Edward  Cowdy,  King  Manoel,  Jean  Ireland, 
Hawlmark  Pink,  Royal  Purple,  Sincerity,  Ivorine, 
Dora  and  Hilda.  That  there  are  many  favourites 
in  all  three  selections  few  readers  will  disagree. 
Some  have  more  firmly  established  their  claims, 
others  have  disappointed. 

My  selection  for  1921  shall  be  a  dozen  placed"  in 
order  of  merit  and  chosen  on  the  following  basis  : 
They  are  to  be  vigorous  growers  ;  they  are  to  be 
sunproof  so  that  their  value  for  garden  decoration 
may  not  be  marred  by  any  unsightly  shading 
materials,  and  they  are  to  have  no  tendency  to 
produce  coarse,  gappy  blooms.  Where  possible 
I  shall  select  a  variety  that  gives  a  good  proportion 
of  four-bloomtd  sprays.  I  do  not  claim  that  this 
selection  is  an  ideal  exhibitor's  twelve,  but  all  the 
varieties  can  be  grown  large  enough  for  the  show 
boards,  and,  moreover,  there  is  a  wide  range 
of  colour,  sufficient  to  give  plenty  of  varietv  to 
a  stand. 


My  first  choice  is  Cecily,  the  finest  pale  cream 
pink  ever  raised.  It  is  lit  up  by  a  soft  salmon  glow 
and  is  charming  for  table  decoration.  It  is  a 
rampant  grower,  yet  it  has  not  the  coarseness 
that  is  so  often  found  in  these  ultra-vigorous 
types.  If  grown  for  exhibition  I  would  cither 
take  it  up  on  three  stems  or  leave  a  few  laterals 
if  grown  on  a  single  stem.  When  well  grown  it 
has  been  known  to  give  five,  six  and  even  seven 
flowers  on  long  stems.  Most  readers  will  be 
satislied  with  well-placed  fours.  I  generally  let 
c:ecily  have  its  "  fling."  In  the  height  of  the 
flowering  season  there  are  very  few  sprays  that 
are  not  "  fours,"  and  when  the  plants  are  at  the  top 
of  the  netting  I  can  still  find  the  four-bloomed 
5pra>-3  and  the  long  stems.  If  you  have  not 
included  Cecily  in  your  1931  set,  do  so  by  all 
means,  if  you  are  not  too  late,  for  I  understand 
there  has  been  a  tremendous  demand  for  it. 

No.  2  is  Constance  Hinton,  with  a  coviplc  of 
faults  that  it  will  perhaps  always  retain.  It  is 
a  brown  seeded  white,  therefore  you  will  find  a  few 
blush-tinted  blooms  in  every  dozen  or  so  plants. 
Then  as  the  season  advances  the  stems  alwavs 
begin  to  get  short.  I  find  this  fault  with  Constance 
year  after  year.  For  purity  of  colour  and  length 
of  stem,  other  whites,  such  as  Edna  May  Impro\eil 
and  Anglian  White  Improved  (both  fine  varieties) 
beat  it.  But  no  white  has  the  density  of  petal 
that  Constance  has,  none  the  big  breadth  of 
standard.  There  are  fours  innumerable  and  the 
blooms  are  perfectly  placed  on  the  stem.  If  you 
c:an  grow  Constance  Hinton  as  it  can  be  grown, 
and  if  the  Clerk  of  the  Weather  will  give  us  a  good 
old  English  summer  for  1921.  you  will  agree  that 
this  is  the  white. 

I  take  a  novelty  for  No.  3.  It  is  one  of  the 
latest  of  Mr.  Alexander  Malcolm's  creations,   and 


[January  i,  192 i. 

1  think  his  best.  Royal  Scot  is  about  the  last 
word  in  dazzling  shades.  It  is  likened  to  the 
scarlet  of  a  soldier's  tunic.  Most  of  us  have  for- 
gotten what  the  true  colour  of  one  of  these  is  like, 
and  I  think  the  person  who  wrote  this  colour 
description  has,  too.  I  call  Royal  Scot  an  orange 
scarlet,  more  vivid  than  Thomas  Stevenson, 
The  President  or  Edward  Cowdy,  more  fiery  than 
the  Sweet  Pea  that  bears  Mr.  Alexander  Malcolm's 
name.  In  the  sunshine  it  is  particularly  brilliant, 
all  the  lustrous  orange  seems  to  be  displayed 
when  it  catches  the  rays.  I  cannot  conceive  of  a 
more  telling  variety  for  a  clump  or  for  the  middle 
row  in  a  set  of  twelve,  flanked  by  a  cream  and  a 
purple. 

The  cream  1  would  put  near  it  would  be  Majestic 
Cream,  my  fourth  choice.  It  has  five  strong 
points  to  recommend  it,  and  on  these  five  points 
I  think  it  beats  all  others.  It  has  vigour  (some 
autumn  sown  seedlings  were  the  strongest  of 
anything  I  have  seen).  It  has  extreme  waviness, 
a  true  Spencer  character,  and  this  I  consider  is 
its  strongest  qualification.  The  blooms  are  well 
placed  on  the  stem  and  they  are  mostly  "  fours." 
There  is  length  of  stem  and  finally,  densitv  of 
colour. 

Next  comes  Doris,  a  lovely  cherry  pink  that  has 
quickly  won  its  way  into  the  first  rank.  It  has  all 
the  characteristics  of  an  ideal  Pea.  Its  colour  is 
bright  in  the  garden  and  even  more  beautiful  under 
lamplight.  There  is  a  touch  of  salmon  underlying 
the  cerise  and  this  provides  the  radiant  glow  it 
assumes  in  artificial  light,  but  the  deep  pink  is  so 
overlaid  that  it  is  quite  sunproof.  The  big  broad 
standard  looks  you  full  in  the  face.  You  cannot 
miss  it  on  the  stands.  You  should  not  miss  it  from 
your  selection  for  next  season,  for  it  has  assuredly 
come  to  stay. 

No.  6  must  be  Royal  Purple.  It  is  so  distinct, 
it  is  such  an  easy  variety  to  grow,  it  gives  so  many 
fine  big  blooms  and  nearly  all  fours  in  the  height 


STOCK-FLOWERED     LARKSPURS.         THESE     ANNUAL     DELPHINIUMS     SHOULD     FIND     A     PLACE     IN     EVERY    GARDEN. 


January  i,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


of  the  season,  that  its  claims  are  justified.  Ami 
yet  I  cannot  say  that  the  colour  is  a  special  favourite 
of  mine.  I  like  the  richer  tone  of  Royalty  better, 
but  it  cannot  come  up  to  Royal  Puiple  on  other 
points.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  Royal  Purple 
is  a  trifle  harsh  in  tone.  It  spots  badly  in  wet 
weather,  and,  of  course,  it  is  a  bad  lamplight 
colour,  but  in  spite  of  these  draw- 
barks  it  is  a  popular  variety. 

That  is  my  first  half  dozen.  If 
you  have  only  room  for  this  little 
set  I  do  not  think  you  will  have 
many   disappointments. 

But  to  continue.  Valentine  is 
my  seventh  choice.  I  hesitate 
between  this  and  Daisybud,  and  also 
feel  that  I  have  ousted  another 
good  pink  in  Unwin's  Pink.  But 
each  season  Valentine  seems  to  be 
as  good  as  ever.  It  has  a  little  more 
uniform  colouring  than  Daisybud. 
the  latter  showing  the  white  ground 
more  distinctly.  I  should  describe 
\'alentine  as  a  rich  blush  pink,  the 
best  of  anything  we  have  had  in 
this  section  since  the  days  of  the 
old  favourite,  Mrs.  Hardcastle  Sykes. 
There  are  fours  in  plenty,  strong 
stems,  and  beautifully  placed  blooms. 
It  is  a  charming  flower  for  decorative 
purposes. 

"  Where  is  the  lavender  ?  "  you 
will  ask.  Here  it  is — Gladys.  Two 
other  fine  lavenders  that  have  claims 
to  first  choice  are  Victory  and 
Austin  Frederick  Improved.  The 
former  is  a  very  vigorous  grower, 
with  huge  stems  and  plenty  of  fours, 
but  the  blooms  are  somewhat  coarse 
and  the  petal  is  rather  thin  in  te.\- 
ture.  Austin  Frederick  Improved  is 
d  fine  bold-flowered  silvery  lavenoler 
that  is  an  ideal  exhibition  flower, 
but  it  is  not  quite  the  same  warm 
shade  of  lavender  that  Gladys  is. 
I  am  disappointed  with  R.  F.  Felton. 
Too  often  it  is  very  coarse,  many 
times  the  leading  shoot;  end  in  a 
blind  point,  and  the  standard  falls 
back  like  a  butterfly's  wings.  Gladys 
has  the  warm  rosy  tint  of  R.  F. 
Felton  suffused  with  the  lavender, 
making  it  a  lilac  self.  It  has  a 
beautifully  formed  bloom,  and  what 
is  its  greatest  asset,  practically 
every  spike  is  perfectly  placed.  For 
these  reasons  I  choose  it  as  an  irli-al 
lavender  for  all  purposes. 

Mrs.  Tom  Jones  is  my  ninth 
choice,  and  is  without  doubt  the 
best  blue  Pea  we  have.  It  is 
particularly  fine  when  we  have  a 
hot,  dry  surmuer,  as  the  rain  so 
soon  spoils  its  beauty.  I  feel  sure 
it  is  seen  at  its  best  in  the  garden. 
Under  canvas  it  is  not  quite  the 
same  rich  shade  of  blue.  AH  the  same  it 
gives  a  bright  bit  of  colour  to  any  stand.  The 
dark  navy  blues,  such  as  Jack  Corawell,  V.C. 
•  and  Commander  Godsal  are  distinct  and  rich  in 
the  garden,  but  they  do  not  blend  so  well  with  the 
pinks  and  they  are  too  heavy  for  indoor  work. 
I  would  choose  Mrs.  Tom  J^es  in  a  select  dozen 
for  any  purpose. 

The  Picotee-edged  varieties  must  have  a  repre- 
sentative. Both  Jean  Ireland  and  .Annie  Ireland 
are  exquisite,  and  it  is  difficult  to  know  which 
to  choose.  I  think  Jean  is  the  most  consistently 
beautiful.  She  seems  to  defy  all  weathers,  while 
.Atmie  shows  the  efiect  of  the  rain  and  becomes 


pittc<l.  Both  are  very  pretty  when  the  autunui 
days  come,  and  the  rich  edging  is  intensified  in 
the  slowly  unfolding  blooms.  So  Jean  Ireland, 
with  its  rose  pink  margin  and  rich  cream  ground, 
a  most  perfect  colour  blend,  is  my  tenth  choice. 

Charity   is   No.    ii.     It   has   more   colour   than 
Maud  Holmes,  especially  on  the  wings.     Thnnigh- 


My  last  choice  is  a  colour  of  which  I  am  not 
very  fond,  but  which  can  hardly  be  omitted  from 
a  selection  that  embraces  varieties  that  are  to  be 
utilised  for  exhibition  purposes.  I  refer  to  the 
maroon  section,  and  Warrior  is  my  final  selection. 
King  Manoel  is  a  good  maroon,  and  Maroon  King 
has  many  strong  points,  while  the  mahogany 
shades,  embodied  in  Dobbie's 
Maroon,  Hawlmark  Maroon  and 
Splendour,  though  of  more  pleasing 
'  olour,  are  hardly  as  vigorous  as 
'ine  would  like  and  the  flowers  are 
on-  the  small  side.  t 

There,  then,  is  my  dozen.  I  give 
vou  a  reserve,  and  a  good  one,  too. 
If  you  have  room  for  a  baker's 
dozen,  try  Picture.  If  Cecily  were 
not  such  an  outstanding  variety. 
Picture  would  have  been  in  the 
lirst  twelve.  Even  now  I  feel  that 
I  ought  to  have  found  a  place 
for  it.  But  the  difficulty  is,  What 
shall  we  omit  to  make  room  for  it  ? 
Try  to  find  space  somewhere  for  a 
clump  of  it.     The  colour  is    a    pale 

■  ream  pink,  slightly  deeper  than 
Cecily,  with  more  colour  on  the 
wings  that  brings  it  in  the  classi- 
fication lists  under  the  heading  of 
deep  cream  pink.  It  is  a  flower  of 
wonderful  size.  It  has  a  big  broad, 
frilly  standard.  It  has  vigour  and 
length  of  stem.  In  short,  it  is  a 
novelty  that  will  make  a  name. 

I  know  that  I  have  omitted  some 
very  popular  varieties,  especially 
Hawlmark  Pink.  Unfortimately, 
however,     this    variety    gives     two 

■  olour  t>-pes,  the  richer  and  deeper 
being  the  true  one,  the  other,  a  pale 
Hercules.  There  is  an  improved 
stock  of  this  variety,  but  it  is  not  yet 
on  the  market.  When  it  appears  in 
the  catalogues  I  will  give  you 
Hawlmark  Pink  Improved  in  the 
first  dozen,  perhaps  in  the  first  six. 
Till  then  I  leave  it  among  the  coming 
iiovrlties.  Norman  L.\mbert. 


Winter-Flowering 
Stocks 


THE    GIA.NT    WHITE    BROMTTON    OR    WINTER    FLOWERING    STOCK 


out  the  bloom  it  is  a  deep  crimson  self.  For 
exhibition  purposes  it  is  very  useful,  supplying 
that  bright  touch  of  red  that  finishes  off  a  stand, 
and  until  we  have  a  really  first-class  scarlet,  the 
crimson  "will  remain  unchallenged.  1  like  .Maud 
Holmes  for  garden  decoration.  It  is  bright  in 
colour  and  very  free.  There  are  plenty  of  fours 
and  the  stems  retain  their  length  throughout  the 
season.  Each  year  I  grow  a  batch  of  it.  The 
plants  come  direct  from  .Mr.  Holmes.  They  are 
the  real  thing.  To  be  sure  of  sec-ing  Maud  Holmes 
at  its  best  you  must  have  a  true  stock.  There 
is  not  the  same  risk  with  Charity,  as  it  can  be 
distinguished  from  other  crimsons. 


The  necessity  in  many  quarter  of  a 
strict  oversight  in  the  consumption 
of  fuel  has  forced  a  number  of  people 
to  winter  in  the  greenhouse  plants 
tliat  need  but  a  minimum  of  heat 
to  bring  them  into  bloom.  In  this 
connection  it  is  pleasuig  to  note 
that  Stocks  are  being  growai  indoors 
nmch  more  than  was  formerly  the 
case.  Brompton  Stocks  used  to  be 
much  in  vogue  thirty  or  fortj-  years 
ago,  and  seed  sown  in  the  open 
ground  in  June  could  generally  be  ilepended  upon  for 
furnishing  enough  plants  for  potting  up  in  October  ; 
but  the  race  of  Brompton's  as  we  knew  it  has  long 
since  been  superseded  by  more  beautiful  strains. 
that  give  finer  and  richer  scented  spikes,  which 
are  at  their  best  from  November  to  March.  We 
mention  Beauty  of  Nice,  valuable,  too,  as  a  summer 
tenant  of  tin-  borders,  in  various  shades  of  colour, 
among  which  rosi.  salmon  pink,  mauve,  primrose 
yellow  and  white  are  to  be  found.  Three  of  the 
best  for  winter  work  are  Sutton's  All  the  Year 
Round,  a  most  fragrant  white ;  Giant  Wliitc 
(illustrated)  ;  and  Christmas  Pink,  which  is 
valuable   on   account   of   its   branching  spikes   of 


8 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  i,  192X. 


<louble  pink  flowers.  In  the  south-western  counties 
one  often  notices  these  sorts  blooming  outdoors. 
but  it  is  really  when  treated  in  their  upbringing 
as     Wallflowers,     and    subsequently     potted     for 


indoor  flowering,  that  one  realises  their  full 
capabilities,  the  merest  warmth  being  enough  to 
bring  into  beauty  and  sweetness  the  spikes  which 
remain  good  for  many  weeks.     W.  Lin'ders  Le.\. 


A  SELECTED  STRAIN  OF  PETUNIAS 


THESE  old-fashioned  flowers  seem  to 
be  less  in  evidence  at  the  present  time 
than  they  have  ever  been  during  the 
whole  of  their  history.  For  furnishing 
the  greenhouse  or  decorating  beds  and 
borders  they  are  unsurpassed  with  the  perpetual 
wealth  of  blooms  from  early  spring  to  late  autumn. 
Some  have  spurned  them  because  a  few  flowers 
have  magenta  tints,  overlooking  the  many  other 
delightful  colourings,  ranging  from  pure  white 
to  deepest  rose  and  crimson,  with  clear  yellows, 
purples,  ultra-violet-purples,  and  gorgeous,  brilliant 
blues,  the  latter  remindful  of  those  famous  colours 
of  old  Derby  porcelain.  Apart  from  refinement 
and  range  of  colouring,  there  is  the  shape  and 
pose  of  the  flower,  which  is  most  artistic.  The 
form  of  the  trumpet  and  the  fluting  and  frilling 
of   the   edge,    accentuated   in   so    many   beautiful 


best  way  is  to  pick  out  the  most  desirable  plants, 
both  in  pots  and  in  the  beds  outside.  In  the 
latter  case  they  should  be  potted  in  5-inch  or 
6-inch  pots  about  the  third  week  in  August. 
They  should  be  cut  down  so  as  to  lea\'e  about 
2  inches  or  3  inches  of  the  main  secondary  branches 
where  they  strike  oif  from  the  main  stem.  Fresh 
growth  will  then  be  made  which,  ripening  well, 
will  carry  the  plants  through  the  winter,  during 
which  period  very  little  water  is  required,  but 
the  soil  must  not  be  allowed  to  get  too  dry.  The 
best  potting  compost  is  loam,  sand,  leaf-mould 
and  lime,  sufficiently  proportioned  to  render 
the  soil  firm,  retentive  of  moisture,  but  at  the 
same  time  ensuring  perfectly  free  drainage. 
Sulphate  of  potash  at  the  rate  of  ijozs.  and 
steamed  bone  flour  30ZS.  to  every  cubic  yard  of 
potting   soil,    evenly   sown    and    thoroughly    well 


coarse,  vigorous  seedlings  raised  from  the  first 
year  plants  which  every  good  gardener  throws 
away  at  pricking-out  time.  Needless  to  say  that 
in  their  first  year,  though  the  plants  are  allowed 
to  flower  as  much  as  they  like,  they  must  not 
be  allowed  to  seed  that  year,  as  otherwise  neither 
the  flowers  nor  the  seed  will  be  so  fine  in  the 
second  year. 

The  illustratioi\  is  of  a  selected  strain  of 
Petunias  prepared  from  a  photograph  taken 
four  months  from  the  date  of  sowing  the  seed. 
Some  of  them  grew  9  feet  long  in  the  second  year 
and  were  a  mass  of  flowere.  The  resultant  seed 
was  purchased  wholesale  at  3  guineas  an  ounce. 
C.  A.  Jardine. 


I'liIL'-Xl.-VS     luUl;      MO.MllS      il.u.M 


ilME     OF     SOWING. 


variegations,  are  a  source  of  never-ceasing  delight 
to  all  lovers  of  Petunias. 

The  prevalent  idea,  associated  in  some  minds, 
of  the  necessity  of  heated  glass-houses  in  order 
to  raise  them  from  seed,  though  quite  common, 
is  totally  untrue.  The  seeds  germinate  in  a  frame 
or  cold  greenhouse,  aud  the  resultant  seedlings 
are  equally  as  good  if  not  better  than  when  raised 
no  heat,  only  they  commence  flowering  somewhat 
later.  Perhaps  a  few  notes  on  the  culture  of 
Petunias  would  be  acceptable  at  this  juncture. 
The  raising  from  seed  aud  subsequent  pricking 
out,  into  boxes  and  pots  is  too  well  known  to  all 
good  gardeners,  but  sometimes  the  fact  that 
Petunias  love  lime  is  overlooked.  It  is  not  usually 
known,  however,  that  these  plants,  whether  in 
pots  or  the  open  border,  are  best  when  wintered 
in  frames  and  grown  on  the  second  year.  They 
are  then  much  more  robust,  floriferous  with 
large  "blooms,  and  they  seed  with  the  greatest 
ease,^both  in  the  greenhouse  and  the  open.     The 


incorporated,    is    necessary    to    obtain    the     best 
results. 

In  the  spring  when  growing  they  should,  be 
gi\'en  a  little  nitrate  of  lime,  a  quarter  of  an  .ounce, 
or  ammonium  nitrate  (96  per  cent,  recrystallised). 
one-sixteenth  of  an  ounce  to  one  gallon  of  water. 
This  can  be  repeated  three  or  four  times  during 
the  season.  Whether  in  pots  or  beds  outside 
they  will  require  from  three  to  five  thin  Bamboo 
canes  6  feet  or  7  feet  long  arranged  like  a  fan, 
to  which  they  will  have  to  be  kept  tied.  When 
full  grown  no  canes  will  show,  but  the  main 
branches  will  have  produced  a  wealth  of  large 
and  exquisite  blooms  over  an  inflorescence  6  feet 
or  more  long.  When  at  thjir  best  they  make  an 
impression  which  is  not  only  amazing,  but 
entrancing.  Left  alone  they  seed  themselves 
without  all  the  trouble  of  fertilisation,  and  this 
seed  produces  a  progeny  in  which  the  weak  seed- 
lings (usually  the  best  coloured  and  choicest 
flowers)  are  no  longer  weak,  but  as  robust  as  the 


Some  Comments  and  Notes 

.\  WRITER  recently  had  a  good  word  for  Verbena 
\enosa.  Is  it  not  singular  how  seldom  writers 
of  hardy  plant  notes,  and  calendar  writer's 
too,  refer  to  this  valuable  plant  ?  Does  such 
reticence  suggest  a  poor  or  non-acquaintance 
with  the  plant  ?  The  writer  of  the  note  in  the 
November  6  issue  mentions  how  freely  this  Verbena, 
seeds  and  germinates  with  him.  In  contrast  to 
this  statement  a  write  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  for  July, 
1920,  says  germination  is  very 
slow,  but  that  it  may  be  expedi- 
ted by  (i)  immersion  in  boiling 
water  for  one  minute,  (2)  im- 
mersion in  water  at  55°  C.  for 
five  minutes,  (3)  keeping  the 
seed  moist  with  a  0.2  per  cent, 
solution  of  sodium  nitrate  or 
ammonium  sulphate  for  forty- 
eight  hours,  (4)  arranging  the 
seed  in  layers  between  fine  sand 
in  flower-pots  for  five  months 
before  use.  These  performances 
are  quite  unnecessary,  and  more 
calculated  to  retard  than  hasten 
germination  because  of  the  waste 
time  spent  on  such  preparations. 
Experience  has  taught  me 
Verbena  venosa  will  come  up  in 
three  weeks  to  five  weeks,  this 
latter  period  referring  to  seed 
sown  in  outdoor  beds.  To  raise 
plants  for  ordinary  usage  it  will 
be  found  a  good  plan  to  sow 
seed  towards  the  end  of  July  or 
in  August,  winter  a  percentage 
of  plants  from  the  severest  of  the 
weather,  and  plant  out  early  in 
spring ;  but  in  light  soil  or 
warm  localities  these  protective 
measures  would  not  be  needed.  Several  well 
knowTi  plants  classed  as  exotic  weeds  came  in 
for  unkind  comment  in  these  pages  earlier  in  the 
season  by  acknowledged  horticulturists.  New 
readers  of  The  G.\rdex  should  not  take  those 
depreciations  too  seriously  or  they  may  deprive 
themselves  of  much  pleasure  and  nurserymen 
of  their  custom.  The  condenmation  meted  out 
to  some  of  the  subjects  was  too  sweeping — 
qualification  should  have  been  added,  that  soil 
and  locality  make  all  the  difference  to  the  success 
of  any  given  plant.  Plants  verging  upon  being 
a  nuisance  in  one  soil  are  most  difficult  to  establish 
in  another  soil — in  fact,  may  fail — but  if  induced 
to  grow,  do  so  only  quite  moderately.  Where 
a  plant  does  overrun  its  space  early  grubbing 
out  will  prevent  it  becoming  a  pest.  The  fragrance 
of  \-arious  sorts  of  leaves  has  been  interestingly 
dwelt  upon  by  several  writers,  but  no  one  made 
reference  to  the  scent  of  fallen  Oak  leaves.  To 
walk    where    a   plentiful   supply   of   these   leaves 


January  i,  19 21.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


lie  is  to  find  a  delightful  odour  always  given  off  ; 
thesceiit  being  most  noticeable  while  the  leaves  are 
in  process  of  falling  and  for  a  short  time  after- 
wards. The  sweet  smell  is  very  pronounced.  I 
wonder  if  others  have  noticed  such  ?  Is  there  an 
official  recognition  of  the  difference  between  stewing 
Pears  and  baking  Peai-s  ?  If  so,  which  is  the  best 
baking  variety  ?  Some  of  our  acknowledged 
stewing  Pears  do  not  bake  well ;  they  lack  flavour 
when  so  treated,  and  are  rather  dry  eating.  On 
the  other  hand,  a  Pear  which  is  a  good  baking 
sort  becomes  entirely  lacking  in  flavour  when  it 
is  stewed.  A  Pear  tree  here,  an  old  and  irregular 
bearer,  yields  delightful  "  bakers,"  but  when  the 
fruit  is  stewed  it  becomes  almost  tasteless.  The 
name  of  the  variety  I  do  not  know. 

Ampihill.  C.  Turner. 


From   a   Daffodil   Grower 
in   New  Zealand 

TH  E  writer.  a  humble  contributor, 
appreciates  the  excellent  articles 
containing  such  valuable  information 
appearing  in  the  various  issues  of  The 
Garden.  Shrubs  and  rock  plants  have 
a  great  fascination  for  him  (and,  like  "  Anne 
Amateur,"  the  writer  could  spend  a  delightful 
afternoon  with  a  seedsman's  catalogue).  The 
poetically  coloured  language  (if  one  might  so 
use  the  term),  the  wonderful  rosy-morn  descrip- 
tions are  more  enchanting  than  "The  Arabian 
Nights  "  ;  are  there  not  pen-pictures  of  the  most 
delightful  gardens  in  England ;  descriptions  of 
the  various  exhibitions  of  rock  and  alpine  plants 
held  at  the  shows  of  your  great  Metropolis ; 
the  Shirley  Poppy  as  described  by  "  Somers  " 
and  the  wonderful  garden  creations  ?  Vou  can 
get  some  idea  of  how  eagerly  we  anticipate  The 
Garden,  especially  those  of  us  who  are  interested 
in  Narcissi. 

Opening  The  G.\rde.v  and  seeing  the  article 
on  the  Rarasbottom  treatment  produced  a  sen- 
sation like  that  experienced  by  our  old  pioneer 
prospectors  when  they  dropped  across  a  nugget 
of  gold,  for  without  question  it  was  a  discovery. 
The  writer,  who  happens  to  be  president  of  the 
local  Daffodil  Club,  spread  the  glad  tidings  among 
the  members,  and  our  Saturday  night's  discussion 
(we  hold  our  meetings  every  Saturday  evening 
during  the  flowering  season,  and  these  are  usually 
attended  by  from  twenty  to  thirty  nrembers — 
keen  enthusiasts — when  our  latest  seedlings 
and  standard  varieties,  are  compared)  resolved 
itself  into  a  discussion  on  Eelworm  and  Ramsbottom 
Treatment. 

As  a  grand  finale  our  season's  meetings  were 
brought  to  a  close  by  the  Club  Championships 
Competitions.  The  members  of  our  club  are 
widely  scattered,  extending  from  roo  miles  north 
to  r30  miles  south  of  Dunedin.  In  White  Trumpets 
ten  club  members  competed,  a  splendid  vase  of 
WTiite  Knight  winning.  White  Emperor  was 
very  disappointing.  In  Barrii's  nineteen  members 
competed.  Lady  Moore,  grown  in  Dunedin,  being 
first,  and  Pixie,  from  a  country  grower,  being 
'  second.  In  Poeticus  seventeen  entries  came 
forward,  a  seedling  raised  at  Sawyer's  Bay,  near 
Dunedin,  securing  first  and  se<:ond,  Kestrel, 
Madrigal  and  Raebum  being  unplaced.  In 
I.eedsii  a  Dunedin  member  again  won  with  Liege, 
though  White  Lady,  grown  at  Sawyer's  Bay. 
was  without  a  question  a  wonderful  flower.  To 
compare  this  with  an  ordinary  White  Lady  one 
would  hardly  believe  it  was  possible  that  White 
Lady  could  be  grown  in  all  its  glory  as  our  Sawyer's 
Bay  enthusiast   is   able   to   grow  it.     In   Barrii's 


(A  section)  Red  Sundew  and  Bath's  Flame  were 
shown  by  a  suburban  enthusiast,  winning  first 
and  second  against  seven  competitors.  May- 
Hanson  as  grown  by  a  Port  Chalmers"  member 
carried  too  man>-  guns  for  the  other  Triandus. 
In  yellow  Incomparabilis  twelve  competed.  Home 
Truth,  grown  at  Lawrence,  securing  first  place. 
In  the  Poetaz  and  doubles  a  Lawrence  exhibitor 
secured  first  with  Ruby  Light  and  Golden  Rose 
respectively. 

The  Tulip  in  all  its  glory  is  now  consoling  us 
for  the  loss  of  our  Daffodils.  Our  Narcissi 
hybridising    for    the     year   is    practically    finished 


and  shrubs  are  now  claiming  our  poetic  attention. 
Our  rock  gardens  arc  blossoming  in  all  their 
glory,  and  though  you  in  England  are  to-day 
preparing  to  meet  the  winter,  we  are  looking 
forward  to  our  delightful  summer  days. 

Before  this  reaches  you  Christmas  with  all  its 
festivities  will  have  arrived,  and  our  wishes  are 
that  you  might  have  a  real  old  English  Merry 
Christmas  and  Happy  New  Year. 

Reillv's  Central  Produce  Mart. 
(E.  Oswald  Reilly,  Managing  Ditrclor). 
Queen's  Warehouse,  Moray  Place, 

Dunedin,  \eie  Zealand,  October  :;o.   igao. 


Cropping  a  Ten-Rod    Plot,    90  by  30  feet 

By    a.    E.    burgess,     M.B.E. 

[Horticultural  Superintendent  to  the  Surrey  County   Council.) 


THERE  never  was  a  time  in  the  history 
of  our  Island  when  food  production  for 
home  consumption  was  more  important 
than  now.  The  high  charges  for  transport 
render  it  necessary  that  food  should 
be  growTi  in  or  near  the  locality  in  which  it  will 
be    consumed,    and    home-grown    produce    eases 

W  Esr 


A. 


C. 


o 


"n 


HARROW 
BED. 


SEED  BED. 


RHUBARB. 


AUTUMH  SOWN  ONIONS.     On.-row. 


SPRING  SOWN  ONIONS  (GLASS   RAISED 
FOR  PREFERENCE).     Three  rows  . 


MAINCROP  CARROT.    Three  rows. 


MAINCROP  BEET.     Two  rous. 


CELERY  TRENCH  WITH  DWARF  BEANS, 
LETTUCE  AND  RADISHES  ON  RIDGES. 


MAINCROP  POTATOES.    Fourteen  rows 


SECOND  EARLY  POTATOES. 

four  rows. 


FIRST  EARLY  POTATOES.     Two  rows. 


SHALLOTS.     One  row. 


ROUND  BEET  FOR  SUMMER  SALAD. 

Half-row. 


LETTUCE.    Half-row. 


EARLY  TURNIP.     One  row. 


SHORT-HORN  CARROT  FOR  SUMMER 
USE.     One  row. 


EARLY  CAULIFLOWER.     One  row. 


DWARF  FIRST  EARLY  PEA.     One  row. 


DWARF  MID-SEASON  PEA.    One  row. 


BROAD  BEAN.     One  row. 


RUNNER  BEAN.     One  row. 


the  markets  and  greatly  benefits  the  allotment 
worker.  Even  in  commercial  horticulture  there 
is  a  great  need  for  reform  in  this  respect,  and  it 
is  high  time  market  growers  tackled  the  question 


and  saved  nmch  of  the  useless  cartage  to  central 
markets  and  back  again,  as  often  happens,  for 
consumption  in  the  place  of  origin.  During  the 
war  we  were  urged  to  grow  every  possible  ounce 
of  food ;  to-day  it  is  of  equal  importance,  and 
although  the  allotment  holder  is  unable  to 
increase  the  aiea  of  his  holding,  he  can,  by 
adopting  a  definite  system  of  intensive  cropping, 
increase  his  food  crops  very  considerably. 

The  cropping  plan  given  below  does  not  fulfil 
the  requirement  of  every  household,  and  indeed 
it  is  impossible  to  produce  such  a  plan,  but  it  is 
hoped  that  allotment  holders  will  adopt  the 
scheme  in  the  main  and  make  such  modifications 
as  are  necessary.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  plot  is 
divided  into  four  sections,  marked  ,\,  B,  C  and  D. 
Section  A  is  self-explanatory. 
Section  B  is  planted  in  the  main  with  permanent' 
crops  and  does  not  admit  of  interciopping,  except 
that  spring  Cabbage,  late  Turnips  and  winter 
Spinach  can  be  planted  or  sown  in  September 
after  Onions,  and  Dwarf  Beans,  Lettuce  and 
Radishes  can  be  grown  on  the  ridges  of  the  Celery 
trench.  The  whole  of  this  section  can  be  cleared 
in  October,  and  the  ground  can  be  trenched  and 
the  soil  thoroughly  "  weathered  "  during  winter. 

Section  C  will  also  for  the  most  part  carry  a 
permanent  crop,  and  can  be  treated  in  the  autumn 
in  the  same  way  as  Section  B.  The  portion 
devoted  to  first  early  Potatoes  can  be  cleared 
in  late  July  and  planted  with  winter  Greens ; 
or,  if  preferred,  these  can  be  planted  in  advance 
between  the  rows  after  the  Potatoes  are  earthed  up. 
Section  D  will  require  more  careful  consideration, 
for  it  is  on  this  part  of  the  plot  that  a  more  inteusi\-e 
system  of  cropping  than  is  generally  practised 
can  be  carried  out.  With  the  exception  of  the 
Runner  Beans,  all  the  crops  can  be  cleared  in 
June  and  July,  and  the  land  should  be  immediately 
prepared  and  planted  with  such  crops  as  Brussels 
Sprouts.  Leeks,  Savoy  and  Christmas  Drumhead 
Cabbages,  autumn  Cauliflowers,  Broccoli,  Kales 
and  Colewort.  A  number  of  other  crops  can  also 
be  planted  or  sov\ii  in  July  or  August,  such  as 
Turnips  for  winter  use.  Carrots  and  round  Beet, 
the  Celery  Cabbage  and  Endive.  In  early  July 
a  second  planting  of  Celery  might  be  made  when 
one  of  the  early  crops  is  removed,  and  although 
this  mav  not  be  so  profitable  as  the  earh-  Celer\-. 
it  will  be  found  very  useful. 

In  addition  to  succession  cropping  there  is 
still  the  questijn  of  intercropping  to  consider. 
V'jr  instance,  when  sowing  Peas  and  Broad  Beans 
the  summer  Spinach  could  be  sown  midway 
between  the  drills,  thus  pro\iding  an  additional 
crop  which  will  be  ready  for  use  in  a  few  weeks 
from  sowing,  and  can  be  cleared  out  of  the  way 
before  the  Peas  or  Beans  get  very  high.  Radishi^ 
can  be  grown  in  the  sanii-  vvav 


10 


THE     GARDEN. 

GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


[January   i,   1921. 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 

Preliminary.— Readers  of  this  column  are 
asked  to  use  their  discretion  with  regard  to  any 
operations  mentioned,  remembering  that  the 
difference  between  warm  and  cold  localities  may 
mean  a  variation  of  some  days  in  the  doing  of  any 
work.  With  the  advent  o'f  the  New  Year  no 
time  should  be  lost  in  arriving  at  a  decision  as 
to  the  seed  requirements  for  the  coming  year. 
One  consideration  in  making  a  selection  of  seeds 
should  be  to  ascertain  the  likes  and  dislikes  of 
the  owners  of  the  gardens,  and  while  it  is  desirable 
to  rely  upon  old  and  proved  varieties  of  seed  for 
main  supplies,  it  is  well  to  keep  an  open  mind 
upon  new  introductions  and  if  possible  to  give  a 
trial  to  a  few  each  year.  It  is  a  good  plan  to 
oUow  up  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  trials 
of  new  plants  and  seeds  at  Wisley. 

Sundries. — If  it  is  the  practice  to  renew  all 
general  requirements  under  this  heading  at  the 
beginning  of  the  year,  note  should  be  taken  of 
stocks  in  hand  and  all  deficiencies  made  good. 

Tlie  Flower  Garden. 

Appearance. — Hake  a  constant  aim  to  keep  a 
well  ordered  appearance  by  frequent  sweepings 
of  the  lawns  and  pathways.  The  roller  also  may 
be  used  when  weather  permits.  Should  the  edges 
of  any  beds  or  borders  be  still  untrimmed,  thev 
should  be  seen  to 

Planting. — Should  weather  be  favourable,  make 
the  best  use  of  it  to  get  this  work  finished  as  early 
as  possible.  The  treatment  of  the  soil  must 
depend  to  a  great  extent  upon  the  subjects  to  be 
planted.  A  little  extra  attention  to  the  soil  at 
tiine  of  planting  is  always  amply  repaid  afterwards. 
With  so  many  beautiful  flowering  shrubs  to 
choose  from  it  is  possible  to  have  something  of 
interest  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  ;  but  it  may  be 
necessary  in  meeting  the  i'eq\iirements  of '  the 
place  to  plant  more  extensively  of  those  shrubs 
which  will  afford  a  display  at  one  particular  season. 
If  possible,  roohi  should  be  found  for  some  of  the 
Cistus.  Genistas  or  Cytisus  family,  and  mention 
here  must  be  made  of  the  beautiful  pink  Broom, 
Notospartium  Carmichaelia?.  which  is  probablv 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  July  shrubs.  By  planting 
various  Berberis  we  get  a  twofold  pleasure  by 
their  flowers  in  spring  and  their  berries  in  autumn. 
Standarcl  trees  of  Cherries,  Almonds  and  Pyrus 
planted  in  well  chosen  positions  give  us  colour  in 
the  spring.  After  the  Buddleias  and  other  late 
summer-flowering  shrubs  are  over — among  which 
may  be  mentioned  Olearias,  late  shrubby  Spirajas 
and  some  of  the  Veronicas — we  look  forward  to 
those  shrubs  which  we  treasure  for  their  foliage,  as. 
for  instance,  Liquidambar. 

Tlie  Kitchen  Garden. 

Preparations.— The  chief  work  in  this  depart- 
ment  just   now   is   to   push   ahead   as  quickly  as 


possible  with  the  digging  or  the  trenching,  as  the 
case  may  be.  Frosty  periods  should  be  used 
for  various  wheehng  operations,  getting  manure 
and  burnt  refuse  on  to  the  plots  of  ground  where 
digging  IS  in  progress.  Nothing  is  gained  by 
allowing  the  men  to  work  on  the  ground  when  it 
IS  in  a  ■'  sticky"  condition  immediately  following 
a  thaw.  Another  most  useful  and  necessary 
job  IS  the  collecting  together  of  fermenting 
materials,  strawy  manure  and  leaves,  preferably 
Beech  and  Oak,  for  the  formation  of  hot-beds 
By  an  occasional  turning  the  whole  is  soon  sweet 
and  ill  a  condition  for  future  use. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Propagation.  — Where  Chrysanthemums  are 
grown  for  exhibition  probablv  the  major  portion 
of  the  cuttings  will  already  be  in,  but  the  first 
week  in  the  New  Year  is  time  enough  for  general 
purposes,  while  varieties  of  the  single  and  decorative 
kinds  will  do  any  time  up  till  the  middle  of  Februarv 
Whether  cuttings  are  inserted  in  pots  or  boxes 
let  the  soil  be  light  and  open  and  a  free  sprinkling 
of  sharp  silver  sand  added.  A  most  suitable 
place  for  the  cuttings  is  a  shallow  frame  placed 
m  a  Peach-house  or  vinery  just  closed  and  having 
a  temperature  of  about  50^  A  good  batch  of 
Perpetual  Carnation  cuttings  may  now  be  got  in 
.Select  healthy,  short-jointed  cuttings  from  the 
lower  portions  of  the  flower-spikes.  It  is  best 
to  remove  them  with  a  heel  if  possible,  and  with 
very  little  trimming  at  the  base  they  mav  be 
dibbled  in.  The  soil  mav  consist  of  'two  parts 
sifted  loam  and  one  part  of  well  rotted  leaf-soil 
with  enough  sand  added  to  keep  the  compost 
sweet  and  porous.  A  frame  or  pit  having  a 
temperature  of  about  58°  or  60°  I-ahr.  will  suit 
them. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Planting.— It  is  probable  that  most  of  this  work 
is  done,  theie  having  been  such  an  exceptional 
autumn  for  the  work.  Where  delay  has  been 
caused  through  extensive  alterations  or  for  other 
reasons,  take  the  first  opportunity  of  favourable 
Aveather,  providing  the  ground  is  in  suitable 
condition,  to  finish  it.  Plant  firmly  and  stake 
where  necessary.  When  planting  Apples.  Pears 
and  Plums  trench  the  ground  thoroughly  to  a 
depth  of  about  3  feet.  If  vi;rv  stiff,  some  burnt 
refuse  and  a  little  rubble  may  be  worked  in.  .^s 
stone  fruits  need  a  fair  proportion  of  lime  use 
rubble  more  freely  for  the  Plums.  It  is  a  good 
plan  to  avoid  using  any  manure  at  the  time  of 
planting  in  the  soil,  a  good  mulch  being  preferable. 
H.  Turner, 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Alhtiyy  Park,  Guildford,  Surrey. 


MR.     H.     TURNER. 


FOR    NORTHERN    G.4RDENS. 

Opening  RemarlJS.— Looking  back  on  the 
season  we  have  passed  through,  we  find  that  for 
gardeners,  as  for  other  people,  it  has  been  one  of 
surprises  and  disappointments,  failures  and 
successes,  and  a  finish,  generally  speaking,  better 
than  we  anticipated.  Hope  is  surelv  the  sheet 
anchor  of  the  gardener,  and  without  it  he  would 
be  a  sorry  creature.  It  might  truly  be  said  of 
him  that  man  proposes  but  (iod  disposes,  because 
m  his  sowings  and  plantings  and,  in  fact,  his  work 
in  general,  he  can  onlv  make  the  start  and  leave 
the  completion  in  the  hands  of  Nature.  Happily, 
she  rarely  fails  him,  and  though  at  times  the 
climatic  conditions  of  the  past  season  have  been 
enough  to  make  the  most  cheerful  gardener 
despondent,  things  worked  themselves  round  again, 
and  one  realised  at  the  end  that  worry  availeth 
naught  and  that  no  gardener  ought  ever  to  be  a 
pessimist. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

The  Onion  Crop  more  especially  delights  in  a 
piece  of  ground  which  has  been  well  manured  and 
deeply  dug.  Onions,  unlike  the  majority  of 
garden  crops,  take  it  as  no  hardship  to  be  grown 
on  the  same  plot  for  a  number  of  years. 

Spring  Cabbages.— Recent  storms  have  had  a 
bad  effect  on  these,  many  having  been  blown  and 
loosened.  See  that  all  are  made  firm,  while  the 
hoe  may  be  used  with  advantage  when  the  ground 
is  dry. 

Jerusalem  Artichokes.— If  not  already  done, 
.1  quantity  of  these  should  be  lifted  and  stored 
in    a    cool    cellar  for  use  during  rough  weather. 

Celery. — A  few  Spruce  branches  or  straw  litter 
should  be  kept  at  hand  for  covering  the  trenches 
during  frosty  weather.  Unfortunately,  the  Celery 
maggot  has  caused  havoc  this  season,  many  crops 


MR.     J.4MES     MCGRAN. 

1  have  seen  being  utter  failures.  This  pest  is 
difficult  to  deal  with  when  protected  under  the 
skin  of  the  leaf. 

The  Fruit  Garden. 

Replanting.— Where  any  replanting  is  taking 
place  It  IS  well  to  bear  in  mind  that  at  times  it 
is  an  advantage  to  rejuvenate  the  soil,  more 
especially  if  the  ground  has  been  previously 
occupied  by  a  similar  crop.  A  mixtiu-e  of  roughly 
chopped  loam  with  a  fair  sprinkling  of  lime  rubble 
and  wood-ashes  is  a  suitable  compost. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Chrysanthemums. — Strong  cuttings  mav  now 
be  obtained  from  plants  which  have  been  cut  over 
some  time  ago.  The  best  results  are  obtained 
when  the  cuttings  are  struck  in  a  nice  brisk  tempera- 
ture, the  single-stemmed  varieties  in  2 1-inch 
pots  and  the  tush  varieties  in  ordinary  cutting 
boxes.  When  dibbled  into  a  nice  mixture  of 
leaf-mould  and  sand  they  root  quickly,  and  after 
repotting  are  gradually  removed  to  cooler  quarters. 
When  troubled  with  leaf-mining  maggot  it  is  well 
to  spray  with  Quassia  some  days  before  taking 
off  the  cuttings,  as  this  makes' the  foliage  dis- 
tasteful to  the  pest. 

Primula  Obconica. — Where  these  have  been  in 
flower  for  some  time  an  application  of  liquid 
manure  will  be  of  much  benefit,  including  occasional 
waterings  of  soot-water.  This  encourages  fine 
dark  green  foliage  and  strong  flower-stems.  One 
finds  that  owing  to  the  increased  cost  of  bulbs 
many  establishments  are  growing  extra  batches 
of  this  useful  winter-flowering  subject.  Chenies 
Giant  Hybrids  have  proved  to  be  very  fine  ia  size 
and  colour. 

Cinerarias. — Early  batches  of  these  will  now 
be  coming  into  flower,  and  it  is  well  to  fumigate 
or  spray  before  moving  to  the  conservatory,  as 
this  plant  is  most  susceptible  to  attacks  of  aphis 
during  the  early  part  of  the  year.  Keep  a  sharp 
look-out  for  the  leaf-miner,  and  get  it  destroyed 
in  its  early  stages. 

The  Pleasure  Grounds. 

General  Work. — Most  of  the  leaves  having  been 
swept  up  before  now  and  lawns  made  tidy,  walks 
in  want  of  gravel  or  cinders  should  now  be  attended 
to.  Turf  edgings  in  need  of  repair  may  also  be 
done  at  this  time  and  so  relieve  pressure  of  work 
at  a  later  date. 

Shrubs. — Hardy  shrubs  which  have  made  a 
lot  of  growth  this  year  should  now  be  pruned. 
Many  of  our  finest  flowering  shrubs  never  get  a 
chance  owing  to  the  want  of  a  little  discreet 
pruning.  By  all  means  avoid  overcrowding  in  the 
shrubbery,  unless  perhaps  where  a  dense  screen 
is  required.  Be  careful  to  study  the  sorts  which 
flower  on  the  previous  season's  growth.  In  this 
case  thin  judiciously,  so  that  not  only  mav  one 
keep  the  plant  trim,  but  the  growths  that  are 
left  ripen  ever  so  much  better. 

James  McGr.w. 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.) 

Coodham,   Kilmarnock. 


January  i,  ic)2i.] 

ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

THK     (iKEENHOUSE. 

CARNATIONS  ATTACKED  (E.  J.).— Tli.-  Carnations 
arc  jittuckiMl  by  nxi  spiti.T.  and  the  atmosphciT  has 
probahly  boen  kept  too  hnt  ami  thy.  On  suitable  occasions 
try  damping  down,  and  dust  the  plants  with  tlowers  ot 
sulphur.  Free  ventilation  with  an  atmosphere  ueitlur 
moist  nor  very  dry  will  keep  both  rust  and  red  spider  at 
bay. 

TREATMENT  OF  CYPRIPEDIUM  INSIGNE  (Mrs. 
F.  E.  v.). — The  soil  I'nr  this  Cypnpediuni  sliould  consist 
of  two  parts  fibrous  loam,  one  part  each  of  peat,  leaf- 
mould  and  chopped  sphagnum  moss,  adding  plenty  of 
coarse  sand,  with  pieces  of  crock  and  charcoal  the  size 
of  Teas  to  keep  the  material  open.  The  pots  must  be 
very  well  drained.  I-turing  the  growing  season  a  little 
weak  hquid  cow-manure  and  soot-water  will  be  beneficial. 
It  is  not  too  late  e\ea  yet  for  the  plants  to  flower  this 
winter,  though  the  buds  should  certainly  be  showing 
now.  Try  Messrs.  Pulham  and  .Son,  71.  Newman  Street, 
W.l,  tor  stone  va^es. 

PALIURUS  AUSTRALIS(Tr.  E.  3/.).— Pahurus  aus^tralis 
is  a  small  tree  in  Southern  Europe  and  Asia  Minor  which 
sometimes  grows  3U  feet  to  40  feet  high.  Here  it  rarely 
exceeds  20  feet  in  height  with  a  trunk  up  to  9  inches  in 
diameter.  The  branchlets  are  usually  numerous  and 
slender,  and  they  are  well  armed  with  slender  but  rather 
strong  spines,  which  are  ofti-n  less  than  an  inch  long, 
although  sometimes  much  longer,  produced  in  pairs, 
one  pointing  upwards  and  one  downwards  from  each 
joint.  The  flowers  are  small,  a.xillary  and  greenish 
yellow.  They  are  followed  by  rather  curious  circular 
fruits,  the  central  seeds  being  surrounded  by  a  membranous 
margin.  It  is  perfectly  hardy  \\\  the  British  Isles.  We 
are  interested  to  learn  of  your  success  with  cuttings  of 
Prunus  Pissardi. 


THE     GARDEN. 


FRUIT  GARDEN. 
AN  OLD  MOLBERRY  TREE  AND  ITS  MANACLED 
BRANCHES  (D.  H.  s.  .S.).  —  uur  CDiicspoiKipnfs  lotter 
and  sketch  make  the  matter  clear  (this  is  not  an  uncommon 
condition  for  old  Mulberry  trees  to  be  in).  Seeing  that 
ttie  throttled  branches  are  sliowing  signs  of  early  decay  b>" 
prematurely  shedding  their  leaves,  the  probability  is  that 
they  win  not  live  for  many  more  years.  We  suggest 
that  the  most  satisfactory  way  of  dealing  with  them  will 
be  to  forestall  their  decease  by  cutting  them  off  now, 
mmediately  under  the  ring  pressure.  Young  shoots 
would  spring  up  from  the  stumps  and  help  in  time  to  furnish 
the  tree  again  in  that  part  with  branches.  We  think 
that  the  cutting  and  the  mauling  of  the  tree  necessary 
before  the  rings  could  be  cut  out  would  do  more  harm' 
than  their  absence  would  do  good.  The  question  seems, 
then,  to  resolve  itself  into  leavmg  the  tree  alone  orcutting 
off  the  decaying  branches  now. 

APPLES  FOR  EXAMINATION.— I  am  forwarding 
you  two  .\pples  from  liramley's  Seedling.  Can  you 
inform  me  what  is  the  cause  of  the  green,  frozen-like 
condition  of  the  fruit  ?  Only  a  small  proportion  of  the 
crop  was  affected  like  these,  and  some  were  quite  in  the 
centre  of  the  tree  ;  besides  we  had  no  frost  to  affect  them. 
I  gave  the  trees  a  fair  dusting  of  flue  dust  in  spring. 
Lane's  Prince  Albert,  Grosvenor  and  Lord  Derby  are  not 
affected.  I  have  been  growing  fruit  for  many  years. 
but  never  saw  this  condition  before.  I  saw  a  box  01 
imported  fruit  opened  a  month  ago,  and  they  were  all 
in  this  condition. — T.  O.  Walker.  (The  Apples  sent 
are  affected  with  the  phenomenon  called  "  glassiness." 
The  exact  cause  of  this  trouble  is  not  known,  but  it  is 
apparently  due  to  severe  pressure  of  water  upon  the 
interior  walls  of  the  cells  during  a  critical  period  of  their 
growth,  causing  the  sap  to  transfuse  into  the  spaces 
tisually  filled  with  air.  It  is  not  often  that  very  many 
Apples   on   a    tree    are    affected    in   this   way. — Ed.] 


KITCHEN    GARDEN. 

SPLIT  ONIONS  (J.  C'.).— The  splitting  is  generally  due 
to  excess  of  rain  coming  after  a  dry  period  early  in 
summer  wieii  i^rowth  is  most  active.  Planting  in  rich, 
too  loose  >;r(.imd  is  also  conducive  to  the  trouble 

NEGLECTED  ASPARAGUS  BED  (T.  i.).— One  ought 
to  be  able  to  see  by  the  stubble  of  the  grass  left  (after 
being  cut)  where  the  roots  of  the  Asparagus  are.  In 
any  case  one  cannot  mistake  the  roots  of  Asparagus  as 
compared  to  those  ot  weeds.  The  roots  of  the  former 
are  fleshy  and  thick.  One  must  go  cautiously  to  work 
in  clearing  away  the  grass,  for  fear  of  injuring  the  crowns 
or  centre  of  the  roots.  This  is  the  part  which  will  furnish 
the  grass  of  next  year;  it  is  the  part  from  which  the 
stubble  springs.  The  best  way  to  proceed  will  be  to 
loosen  the  grass  roots  by  placing  a  hand  fork  carefully 
under  them,  not  deeper  than  necessary  for  this  purpose, 
and  then  to  pull  them  up  by  hand.  Having  cleared  the 
bed  of  all  weeds  as  early  as  possible,  give  the  bed  a  surface 
tlressing  of  well-dec;iyed  farm  or  stable-yard  manure, 
laying  it  down  3  inches  deep.     Towards  the  end  of  March 

cover  the  manure  over  with  a  slight  covering  of  soil 

say,  2  inches  or  3  inches — and  then  sprinkle  over  the 
surface  a  scattering  of  salt — or,  what  is  better,  nitrate 
of  soda — a  good  handful  to  the  square  yard.  Watch 
for  the  young  grass  coming  m>  tlu-ough  the  soil  early  in 
April,  and  where  there  are  blanks  sow  two  or  three 
Asparagus  seeds  in  each  of  the  blank  spaces,  and  the 
bed,  with  careful  after-treatment  for  a  few  years,  will 
again  become  well  established  and  profitable. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A  SUBSTITUTE  FOR  STABLE  MANnRE(fl.  G..  Brum).— 
In  these  days  when  stable  manure  is  comparatively  scarce 
we  have  to  rely  on  substitutes.      Our  corresiiondent  will 


find  Wakeley's  Hop  Manure  excellent  for  flowers,  fruits 
and  vegetables.  It  is  sent  out  in  a  form  that  is  clean  to 
handle,  has  no  offensive  suu'll,  and  may  be  used  for  all 
purposes  in  place  of  stable  manure.  For  top-dressing 
Eose  beds,  fruit  trees,  and  use  in  the  kitchen  garden, 
it  is  I'xeeptionally  useful  and  safe  to  handle. 

APPLE  SHED  ROOF  CREOSOTED  :  TAINTING 
THE  APPLES  (ir.  R.  C'.).— Nothing  is  easier  tainted  by 
an  impure  atmosphere  than  fruit  of  all  kinds  (Apples, 
perhaps,  more  especially).  Oive  the  roof  two  coats  of 
fresh  lime  whitewash.  That,  we  think,  will  take  the  taint 
away.     If  the  colour  is  objeet'-d  to  add  a  little  soot. 

THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  GROUND  ELDER  (.1/.  «.).— 
Tile  best  method  of  removing  the  ground  Elder  from 
the  land  is  by  digging  the  ground  over  and  picking 
out  every  bit  of  the  weed  one  can  see.  Next  year  bits 
of  the  weed  will  be  sure  to  appear,  which  should  be  hoed 
otf  or  pulled  out  immediately  they  are  seen.  We  do  not 
know  of  anything  that  can  be  applied  to  the  ground  that 
will  be  likely  to  kill  the  weed  without  being  detrimental 
to  the  soil. 

FOWL  MANURE  FOR  LAWNS  (C.  C'.).— Fowl  manure 
can  be  used  successfully  on  lawns.  The  best  method  of 
application  is  to  mix  the  manure  with  sand,  turn  it  a  few 
times  at  intervals  of  two  or  three  days,  and  then  spread 
it.  By  doing]  this  it  wi'l  be  found  tliat  it  can  be  distri- 
buted more  easily  than  when  used  in  a  fresh  state. 

CLEARING  WEED  FROM  A  LAKE.— From  time  to 
time  I  ha\e  noticed  in  your  correspondence  columns 
letti  Is  enquiring  the  best  manner  of  clearing  weed  from 
a  lake.  Prior  to  the  war  I  had  a  large  experience  in  this 
class  of  work  and  obtained  some  very  good  results  both 
from  cleaning  out  and  also  by  addition  of  siUphate  of 
copper  (blue  copperas).  The  method  of  adding  the 
chemical  was  to  dissolve  the  material  in  hot  water  in  a 
tub  on  the  side  of  the  reservoir  and  to  allow  it  to  flow 
into  it  in  proportion  to  the  volume  of  water  entering  the 
reservoir.  The  proportion  was  one  part  of  the  solution 
to  100,000  parts  of  water,  and  it  usually  took  two  or 
three  weeks  to  obtain  any  results  in  the  diminution  ot 
the  weed.  Tliis  method,  however,  only  kills  the  weed 
and  sends  it  to  the  bottom.  We  did  not  find  that  this 
method  had  any  detrimental  effect  upon  the  fish,  and 
as  the  water  in  the  reservoirs  concerned  was  used  for  the 
purpose  of  calico  printing,  bleaching  and  dyeing,  we  had 
t<^  make  very  careful  experiments  before  treating  on 
anything  like  a  large  scale  in  case  the  chemical  so  affected 
the  water  that  it  would  in  turn  affect  the  colours  and 
dyes.  It  was  found,  however,  that  all  traces  were  lost 
within  three  or  tour  days  of  completing  the  process, 
therefore  we  could  only  carry  out  the  work  during  the 
period  when  there  was  plent\"ot  water  in  the  reservoir. — 
A.  f. 

THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  MOSS  ON  PATHS  (JJ.  B.  R.). 
— Moss  on  paths  can  be  destroyed  by  using  any  of  the 
arsenical  weed-killers  to  be  obtained  from  chemists  or 
seedsmen  with  direotions  for  use.  It  can  also  be  killed  bv 
applying  sulphate  of  copper  at  the  rate  of  lib.  to  four 
gallons  of  water. 

NAMES    OF    PLANTS.— .■)      L.     D..    il/a/^/*.— Ardisia 

crenulata, L,  B.,  Stonehaven. — Cotoneaster  frigida. 

T.  .S'.— 1.  Sahia  leucantha  ;  2.  Chsenostoma  hispida. 


GOOSEBERRIES 

GOOSEBERRIES  are  among  the  most 
I  \aluable  of  bush  fruits  grown  in  this 
.  country,  and  deserve  more  attention 
I  than  they  usually  get  in  private  and 
market  gardens.  To  be  successful 
in  tlieir  cultivation  it  is  liighly  important  to  select 
a  well-drained,  unshaded  site,  where  there  is  a 
free  circulation  of  air.  Gooseberries  prefer  a 
deep,  cool  loam.  Soils  of  a  liglit  nature  must  be 
freely  assisted  with  a  liberal  supply  of  organic 
manures.  The  land  should  be  thoroughly  culti- 
vated to  a  depth  of  at  least  i8  inches  or  s  feet, 
if  possible.  The  best  crops  to  take  prior  to  planting 
are  Potatoes,  Carrots  or  soiue  other  useful  root 
crop,  which  permit  of  the  land  being  thoroughly 
cleaned  of  all  perennial  weeds — this  is  extremely 
important. 

If  the  land  has  not  previously  been  well  manured 
it  should  be  given  a  good  dressing  of  well-decayed 
stable  manure  (if  obtainable)  at  the  rate  of  ra  tons 
to  the  acre,  or  an  equivalent  dressing  of  some  other 
suitable  organic  manure,  otherwise  a  mixture  of 
three  parts  superphosphate  of  lime,  two  parts 
Kainit,  and  one  part  of  sulphate  of  aimuonia 
at  the  rate  of  3  ozs.  per  square  yard,  applied  in 
early  spring,  on  light  soils,  or  basic  slag  on  heavy 
soils  will  be  found  suitable. 

Gooseberries  may  be  planted  in  the  autunrn, 
winter  or  spring  if  the  land  is  in  good  friable 
condition.  I  prefer  planting  in  November  at  a  dis 
tance  of  6  feet  square  for  strong  varieties  ;  or  though 


11 


5  feet  square  for  weak  or  upright  growers  is  generally 
sufficient.  In  any  case,  overcrowding  must  be 
avoided  at  all  times  to  allow  a  free  circulation  of 
air,  as  close,  humid  conditions  are  favourable  to 
fungoid  disease,  especially  American  Gooseberry 
mildew.  All  broken  or  straggling  roots  should 
be  trimmed  off  before  planting  ;  the  bottom  of  the 
holes  should  be  made  convex ;  the  roots  well 
spread  out  and  the  soil  firmly  trodden  as  it  is  put 
back,  keeping  the  plants  at  the  same  depth  as 
they  have  been  growing  in  the  nursery.  The 
main  shoots  ought  to  be  cut  back  at  the  same  time, 
two-thirds  or  so  according  to  their  strength,  to 
an  outside  terminal  bud.  In  order  to  conserve 
moisture  during  the  growmg  season  hoeing  every 
three  weeks  will  be  found  very  beneficial.  On 
light  soil  manure  should  be  spread  thickly  over 
the  roots  in  the  spring  and  left  there  to  rot. 

At  the  end  of  the  first  season  pruning  should 
be  carefully  done,  selecting  six  or  seven  of  the 
strongest  shoots,  well  spaced,  to  lay  the  foundation 
of  the  bush.  These  should  be  cut  back  at  least 
to  half  their  length,  and  all  side  growths  to 
within  I  inch  of  the  base  to  form  spurs.  The 
pruning  must  be  governed  by  the  vigour  of  the  bush 


-^1  : 


GOOSEBERRY       KEEPSAKE. 
Valuable  for  early  market. 

and  habit  of  the  particular  variety,  taking  care 
that  the  terminal  bud  that  is  left  is  pointing  out- 
wards, and  increasing  the  number  of  leaders  annu- 
ally without  overcrowding.  Gooseberries  may  also 
be  grown  on  the  cordon  system  if  size  and  flavour 
are  the  main  objects  in  view  ;  if  on  single  stems 
plant  I  foot  apart  against  a  wire  trellis  6  feet  high, 
ruiming  north  and  south.  Summer  pinching  of  the 
side  growths  to  four  or  five  leaves  is  essential  in 
this  case,  allowing  the  leading  growth  to  extend, 
and  prune  back  in  the  winter  as  advised  for  the 
bush  plants.  Select  varieties  with  a  strong, 
upright  habit  for  this  particular  system. 

In  choosing  varieties  fo^ftlanting  due  regard 
must  be  paid  to  the  locality  as  well  as  the  diiiterent 
soils,  but  the  following  sorts  arc  not  likely  to  fail 
in  most  parts  of  the  country.  Crown  Bobs,  Couscn's 
Seedling.  Howard's  Lancer  (as  mentioned  in  The 
Garden  on  November  27),  Keepsake,  Whinliam's 
Industry  (this  is  one  of  the  best  all  round 
varieties  in  cultivation),  and  WTxite  Lion  (a  late 
variety  similar  to  Howard's  Lancer). 

Pen  Moel  Gardens,  Chepstow.         J,  Adamson. 


12 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  i,  192 i. 


William  Turner,  Divine  and  Herbalist 

ITS    AX    ILL    WIND''— THE    FATHER    OF    BRITISH    BOTANY— HIS   PRIVATE 
GARDENS— HIS      INFLUENCE     ON     HORTICLTLTURE. 


WILLIAM  TURNER  was  a  fiery, 
fighting  Protestant  clergyman, 
who  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
became  a  decided  thorn  in  the 
fiesh  of  his  ecclesiastical  superior, 
the  Bishop  of  "  Bathe  and  Welles,"  on  account 
nf  his  very  pronounced  and  outspoken  opinions. 
He  was  born  at  Morpeth  in  NortlmmberJand 
about  1510  to  T515.  To  finish  his  education, 
through  the  good  offices  of  a  wealthy  patron  he 
became  a  member  of  Pembroke  Hall  (now  Pem- 
broke College),  Cambridge,  where  he  had  as  tutors 
Nicholas  Ridley  and  Hugh  Latimer,  both  of 
whom  ever  after  were  his  lifelong  friends  and  from 
whom  he  imbibed  a  double  portion  of  the  'spirit 
of  the  Reformation,  which  in  after  years  was  to 
exercise  such  a  strong  and  remarkable 
influence  on  his  life.  Twice  he  was  obliged 
to  leave  England  on  account  of  his 
religious  opinions — first,  during  the  reign 
of  Henry  VHI,  and  again  when  Mary 
succeeded  Edward  VI.  These  enforced 
residences  abroad  gave  him  the  oppor- 
tunities of  his  life,  for  he  was  there  able 
to  pursue  what  I  cannot  but  call  his  inner 
bent  or  inclination — the  study  of  natural 
science,  and  more  especially  plants.  He 
lived,  on  tlie  first  occasion  of  his  leaving 
England,  for  a  long  time  in  Italy ;  at 
Bologna,  where  he  studied  botany  under 
the  famous  Luca  Ghini  and  where  he  found 
a  botanic  garden  ;  at  Ferrara,  where, 
most  likely,  he  took  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Medicine ;  at  Milan  ;  at  Venice,  and 
other  towns  ;  then  for  a  short  period  in 
Switzerland,  where  at  Zurich  he  visited 
Conrad  Gesner ;  and,  lastly,  in  Cologne, 
where  he  published  a  good  many  of  his 
small  religious  books  ;  and  other  parts  of 
Germany. 

While  at  college  as  a  very  young 
man  he  "  went  in "  for  the  study  of 
"  simples."  but  could  get  no  help  about  their 
nomenclature  from  the  doctors  of  the 
university.  He  had  to  worry  things  out  for 
jiim.self,  and  as  a  result  of  his  labours,  and 
because  he  wanted  to  improve  matters,  he 
gave  the  world  his  "  Libellus  de  re  herbaria 
novus  "-  in  1538.  This  is  a  very  rare  little  book, 
and  is  famous  as  being  the  first  English  botanical 
work  ever  printed.  Accordingly,  its  publication 
helped  to  earn  fur  its  author  the  proud  title  of 
"  The  Father  of  British  Botany."  After  the 
lapse  of  a  good  many  years,  during  which  time 
he  was  accumulating,  as  far  as  possible,  first- 
hand knowledge,  in  1551,  when  he  was  "  Phisicion 
unto  the  Duke  of  Somersettes  Grace,"  he  published 
the  first  edition  of  his  Herbal,  of  which  the  accom- 
panying ilhistration  is  what  I  may  call  a  Gran- 
gerised  title  page,  inasmuch  as  it  is  never,  I 
believe,  found  au  naturel  in  such  a  perfect  state, 
but  it  is  always  cut  into  by  the  binder  to  fit  in 
with  the  letterpress,  the  truth  being  that 
Steven  Mierdman  had  used  the  woodcut  border 
in  1530  as  the  title  A|e  of  a  translation  of  Thucy- 
dides,  and  it  did  nc^R^actly  fit  the  printed  pages 
of  William  Turner's  Herbal. 

A  second  part  of  the  Herbal  followed  in  1562, 
and  a  third,  to  which  were- joined  both  the  first 
and  second  parts,  and  also  the  "  Booke  of  the 
Bath  of  Baeth  in  England,"  in  1568.  Finally, 
the  whole  was  reissued  by  tlS  son,  Peter  Turner, 
after  his  father's  death,  with  a  table  of  errata  and 
a    quaint  introduction  asking  the  "  gentle  re.ider 


to  beare  a  little  with  the  Printer  that  never  was 
accustomed  to  the  printing  of  Englishc."  This 
is  the  most  complete  edition  of  all. 

Doubtless  because  he  found  the  botanic  garden 
at  Bologna  very  useful.  Turner  made  similar 
gardens  for  himself  at  Cologne,  then  at  Kew, 
and  afterwards  at  Wells  when  he  settled  there  as 
Dean.  It  is  primarily  because  of  these  gardens 
that  Johnson  accords  him  a  place  in  his  "  History 
of  English  Gardening."  "  Private  gardens  per- 
formed no  trivial  part  in  encouraging  the  spirit 
of  discovering  new  plants  and  improving  their 
culture."  There  was  undoubtedly  room  for 
both.  Gardens,  in  the  days  of  Henry  VH  and 
Henry  VHI  were  very  drab  affairs  as  regards 
their  contents  compared  with  the  gardens  of  our 


I  fancy  in  William  Turner's  days  the  most 
conspicuous  flower  in  English  gardens  would  be 
the  rich-coloured  Carnation,  which,  according 
to  writings  of  the  period,  gained  its  scent  from 
cloves  being  planted  at  its  roots  !  Tales  like  these 
and  those  of  the  human  form  of  the  roots  of  the 
Mandrake  received  scant  mercy  at  our  divine's 
hando.  So,  beyond  creating  a  desire  for  new 
varieties  of  plants,  it  may  also  be  said  that  to 
some  extent  he  was  a  pioneer  in  saner  methods 
of  cultivation,  inasmuch  as  he  had  the  courage  to 
contradict  many  of  the  stupid  myths  and  practices 
of  a  hoary  antiquity.  Joseph  Jacob. 


NONSUCH     PALACE. 

Henry    VIII's  super-magnificent  creation.       Note  the  flower 

beds  and  the  animals  on  the  pillars. 


twentieth  century.  This  dulness  may  have  been 
one  reason  for  the  coloured  railings  round  the 
beds  and  the  tall  pillars  or  posts  with  curiously 
fashioned  beasts  upon  them  which  were  such 
prominent  features  of  the  flower  garden  at  Non- 
such Palace  (c.   1538-40) 


The   Jerusalem   Artichoke 

With  the  lengthening  days  and   brigliter  weather 
the  time  is  once  again  with  us  when  work  in  field, 
garden  and  allotment  should  be  pushed  forward 
with  all  speed,  or,  to  quote  the  words  of  Mr.  Lloyd 
George  :    "  Every  available  square  yard  of 
_         ground  must    be  made  to  produce  food." 
Now,  most  soils  will  produce  something,  and 
by  all  means  grow  Potatoes,  wherever  pos- 
sible ;    but  to  those  with   a   piece  of  land 
where   Potatoes,   Carrots  or  winter  Turnips 
would    fail,    the    writer's    advice  is  to   try 
Jerusalem  Artichokes,  by  tliis  means  securing 
a  good  crop  of  delicious  food  from  ground 
which  might    otherwise    be  wasted.      Few 
diseases  or  insect  pests  attack  the  Artichoke, 
which,  unlike  the   Potato,  will  stand  many 
degrees  of  frost  ;  thus   the   tubers  may  be 
left  in  the  ground  till  wanted  for  use,  this 
being  a  consideration  where  storage  space  is 
limited.  Planting   may  take  place  any  time 
during  the  spring,  weather  conditions  being 
favourable.       The  ground  having  been  pre- 
viously dug,  heavy  manuring  is  not  neces- 
sary, but   a   sufficient    quantity   of   potash 
salts  should  be  present  in  the  soil.   This  may 
be  applied  in  the  form  of  muriate  of  potash 
or  sulphate  of  potash  in  spring  at  the  rate 
of   I  Jib.   to    the    square  rod,  if  Kainit  has 
not  been  used  in  the  autumn.       Plant  with 
a  spade  or  trowel  in  rows  at  least  2J  feet 
apart,  Cinches  deep,  with  18  inches  between 
the  sets.      During  growth  keep  the  ground 
free  from  weeds  by  frequent   hoeings,  and 
earth  up  the  plants  when  a  few  inches    in 
height.     While  growing,  the  plants  form  a 
good  boundary  fence  or  wind  screen,  and  the  tops 
when    cut    down    and   burnt  leave  a  fine    ash   of 
considerable  value  to  put  on   ground    where   root 
crops  are  to  be  grown.   ■  F.  Marshall. 


"  Which  no  equal  has  in  art  or  fame  ; 
Britons  deservedly  do  Nonesuch  name." 

It  is  remarkable,  too,  that  Hentzner,  as  far  as  I 
can  remember,  when  he  was  "doing"  the  sights 
of  London  and  the  Home  Cotmties  (?)  with  his 
young  pupil  in  Oueen  Elizabeth's  reign  never 
once,  as  far  as  I  can  remember,  records  any  blaze 
of  colour.  At  Theobalds  it  was  the  wonderful 
summer-house,  "  built  semi-circularly,"  with  the 
twelve  Roman  Emperors  in  white  marble  in  the 
lower  room  (?)  and  lead  cisterns  with  water  and 
fish  in  them  on  the  top.  At  Hampton  Court  it 
was  the  Rosemary  nailed  to  the  walls.  .At  Windsor 
"  a  walk  of  incredible  beauty,  three  hundred  and 
eighty  paces  in  length,  set  round  on  every  side 
with  supporters  of  wood  wliich  sustain  a  balcony 
from  whence  the  nobility  and  persons  of  distinc- 
tion can  take  the  pleasure  of  seeing  hunting  and 
hawking  on  a  lawn  of  sufficient  space." 


BROWN     BETSY 


Peel,  core  and  slice  six  large  cooking  Apples  and 
stew  them  gently  with  a  very  little  water  and 
some  sugar  until  soft.  Grease  a  pie-dish  and  place 
a  layer  of  the  cooked  Apple  in  the  bottom  thereof, 
sprinkle  with  a  pinch  of  ground  cinnamon,  spread 
a  little  golden  syrup  over  and  sprinkle  with  bread- 
crumbs soaked  in  sherry  ;  then  add  more  Apple, 
cinnamon,  golden  syrup  and  breadcrumbs  in  this 
order  until  the  pie-dish  is  full.  Place  tiny  bits  of 
butter  on  last  layer  of  breadcrumbs  and  bake  in  a 
moderate  oven  until  browned  (about  half  an  hour). 
If  a  sweet  Apple  is  used,  omit  sugar. 


General  Work. — Advantage  must  be  taken  of 
all  open  weather  so  that  digging  and  trenching 
may  be  forwarded  with  all  possible  speed.  If 
the  soil  is  heavy  it  may  still  be  thrown  up  in  rough 
ridges,  so  that  it  may  be  exposed  to  the  good 
offices  of  frost  and  sunshine. 


January   i.    1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


IIZALEAS  for  WOODLAND  AND  GARDEN   EFFECT 

■WHEN    in    flower  they  will  present  such  a    colour 
picture  that  you  will  derive   the   utmost  satis- 
faction from  having  planted  them. 

We  have  a  grand  stock  of  unsurpassed  quality,  and  offer  Grand  Budded 
Plants  in  named  varieties  in  ail  sections  at  42/-,  60/-,  84/-  per  dozen. 
Try  the  following  collect  ion,  comprising  tlie  finest  types  in  each  section: — 

fOCCINEA  SPECIOSA  (Ghent),  flaming  orange 

ANTHONY    KOSTER  (mollis),  yeUow 

COMPTE  DE  PAPAnOPOLI  (raoUis),  orange  rose 

EL  TASSO  (Husfiea),  double  red 

FRANS  VAN  de  BOM  (mollis),  orange  yellow 

FKEYA   (Rustica),  double  rose 

FLORADORA  (mollis),  orange  red 

GLORIA  JUNDI  (Ghent),  .apricot,  spotted  red 

J.  C.  VAN   IHOL  (mollis),  scarlet 

NANCY  WATERER  (Ghent),  golden  yellow 

OCCIDENTALIS,  hybrid  rose  pink      ' 

UNIQUE  (Ghent),  nankeen  and  orange 


The  above  dozen  in  strong;  plants,  for  forcing  or  planting 
one  of  each  for  63/- ;  extra  fine,  90/-  ;  three  of  each  for 
IfiS/-.  extra  fine,  265/-. 

For  large  plantings  for  colour  effects  -sve  offer  strong 
Ijlants  in  colour  ranges  : — 


Pinks  and  Roses 
Pale  Yellows 


Deep  Yellows 
Orange  Red 


iRAND  NEW  VARIETY.     Dr.  Oosthoek, 

t  the  R.H.S.   last   May,  and   received  an  award  of   merit. 

THE    GARDEN,    MAY    22nd,    1920— "Azalea    Dr.  Oosthock. 
glorious  variety  affording  rich  masses  of  bloom,  the  plants  all  but 
hidden  therewith.        The  colour,  a  brilliant  fiery  red  with  coppery 
touches,  would  in  the  sunlight  prove  most  dazzling." 


Strong   Plants,    12/6  each. 


Each  colour  group,  30/-  per  dcz.   and   55/-  Extra  strong. 

"■■        '    '        titalogue  of  the  above,  ijicluding  a  grand  collection  of 
RHODODENDRONS  AND   OF   FORCING  PLANTS 

An  inspection  of  our  stocks  of  the  above  and  other  plants 

would  interest  all  garden  lovers,  and  convince  them  of  the 

fact  that  better  and  healthier  plants  do  not  exist. 


R.  WALLACE  &  Co ,  Ltd.  .  .  the 


LATE    OF     COLCHESTER. 


Tel.    No.   718. 


OLD    GARDENS, 

TUNBRIDGE    WELLS. 


PEARSON'S 

SELECTED 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

ANTIRRHINUMS  are  one  of  the  best  bedding 
subjects  which  can  be  raised  from  seed.  The 
following   is  our  extra   select   List. 

Per  pkt. — s 
Antirrhinum  majus.     Beautiful  mixed  colours 

2ft.  to  3ft.  0 
best  crimson. .         . .         . .         , .         . .  0 

—  —  best  white     . .         . .         . .         . .         . .  0 

best  yellow    . .  . .  . .  . .  0 

—  nanum.     In  heipht  between  Majus  and  Tom 

Thumb.     Mixed  colours.  . .  18  in. 
Amber  Queen.      Canary  yellow  overlaid 

chamois  pink 

Black  Prince.     Intensely  dark crim.*on, . 

Carmine   Queen.      Deep  rich  carmine, 

quite  distinct 

Pale  pink,  with  white 


0     3 


Cottage    Maid. 

tliroat 
Crimson  King. 

of  colour 
Flame.     Lovely 


0     6 


The  best  of  this  class 

13in. 

brilliant  orange  scarh^t 
-  Pink  Gem  (New).    Clear  rose  pink,  whiti- 
throat  . .  . .  . .  . .    15  in. 

—  Rose   Dore.     Beautiful  salmon  rose,  tin- 
best  pink 

—  The  Bride.     The  finest  white  semi-dwarf 
variity  ...      .,  ,.  . .    18  in. 

—  Yellow  Qem  (New).     Rich  deep  golden 
yellow 

—  Yellow  Queen.    One  of  the  very  best 
yellows  20  in. 

Tom  Thumb.     Dwarf  strain,  finest  mixed 
9  to  12  in 

—  —  best  crimson 

best  white 

best  yellow 


0     6 


0    6 


J.  R.  PEARSON  &  SONS, 

Eatab  1782.   LOWDHAM,  NOTTS. 


THE    CLOCHE    CLIP 


PATENTED 
IN  THE  U.K. 
&     ABROAD. 

THE     CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 

pOR    making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds    nliiits 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.     Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used,  also  old  photographic  plates.     The  Clip  will 
make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  handled  without  f  jlling  apart. 
Price7(-doz.    Pastage:9d.  1  doz..  1/-2doz. ;  over  2  doz.  Carriage  Paid.    Cash  with  order 

Particulars  and  ilcxien^  :'f  Cl,,chcx  in  various  <hat>ex  uill  he  sent  on  a/ifli'  ation 
THE     CLOCHE     CLIP     CO.,     94,     Woodbridge       Road,     Quildford, 


Surrey 


The  New  Delphinium  MILLICENT    BLACKMORE.      . 

A  most  lovely  Delphinium.  The  long  spikes  are  of  perfect 
form,  broad  at  the  base,  pips  very  large  and  splendijiy 
placed.  Colour,  a  soft  combination  of  blue  and  mauye.  with 
larte  black  centre  ;  .sft.  6in.   Each  JSl  10b.  A.,M..  R.H.S..  1919  j 


DtuUlllAw     Incomparably     Superb. 
U tLrtl I NIU Ills    Stately    and  magnificent. 

ULUAIIllAO Rich    and    charming, 

are  illustrated  and  described  in  our  new 
Catalogue  which  we  will  gladly  post  to  any 
reader  of  "  The  Garden." 

The  Twerton  Hill  Begonias  are 

World-FamOUS,  and,  bear  in  mind, 
the  very  best  are  as  easy  to  grow 
as  those  of  indifferent  strain  and  mediocre 
quality.  Plants  and  seeds  are  offered  to 
suit  all  purposes. 

The    Twerton    Hill    Delphiniums 

embrace  the  finest  varieties  e.xtant,  remark- 
able for  size,  vigour  j^i  range  of  delightful 
tints.     Spring  is  th^est  time  to  plant. 

Wc    make    Special    I-eatures   of  Gioxillias, 

Cyclamen,  Violets,  Carnations,  choice 
Aquilegias,  Blue  Primroses,  etc. 

Your  enquiries  will  receive  prompt  attention. 

'BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 

Tv^erton  Hill  Nurseries  BATH 


X. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   i,    ic)2r. 


TO   increase   production   and   reduce   expenditure,  sciencej 
Avith  practice  has  taught  us  ''  That  the  form  in  ^vhic]ri 
Hme   is  used   is  the  thing   that   matters." 

WHAT    IS 


LIMBUX  ? 

The  Purest  and  Whitest  (scientifically  treated)  Lime  in  existence. 
LIME    YOUR    SOIL    NOW.       "  Procrastination  is  the  thief  of  time." 


(Registered) 


LIMBUX  is  an  essential 
fertilizer  and  a  soil  ener- 
gizer  of  marked  value,  and 
may  be  used  to  great 
advantage  in  soil  and  among 
all  crops  all  the  year  round. 
Used  in  the  soil  it  creates 
an  alkali  media  which  soil 
insect  pests  do  not  like, 
and  it  is  a  preventive  against 
most  fungoid  diseases.  As 
a  preventive  against  cater- 
pillars on  plants  or  fruit 
trees  it  is  ideal.  It  is  very 
important  that  the  under 
side  of  the  leaves  be  dusted. 
Dusted  on  any  trees  or 
plants  at  any  period  it 
will  remove  most  insect 
pests  and  at  the  same  time 
create  perfect  health  and 
stamina  among  all  plant 
life.  Used  on  the  tenderest 
foliage  on  the  hottest  days 
of  summer  it  will  not  burn 
nor  harm  the  plant,  foliage 
or  root  hairs. 


QUANTITIES        TO       USE. 


It 
you 


economical.      Firstly, 
retain     its     value     by 
applying     it     to     the     land 
throughout  the  year. 

Secondly,  you  only  need 
use  about  8  to  10  cwts. 
to  the  acre  for  constant  use 
throughout  the  whole  season, 
therefore  assisting  valuable 
plant       foods       at       regular 


intervals,       and 
crops  two-fold. 


mcreasmg 


LIMBUX  should  be  used  at 
the  rate  of  z  cwts.  per  rood, 
which  is  the  equivalent  of 
I  acre,  or  1,210  square 
yards  ;  Sjlb.  per  square 
rod,  which  equals  30J  square 
yards ;  3  ounces  per  square 
yard  (about)  throughout  the 
season  in  the  form  of  dusting 
or  sprinkling  in  and  on  the 
soil,  also  between  the  rows 
of  growing  crops,  as 
previously  mentioned. 

Beware  of  fakes  and  "  Lime 
just  as  good." 


If     any    difficulty     is     experienced     in     obtaining    any    one     of    these    Star    Specialities     send     direct     to 

J.     L.     EDGINTON,     Ecclesall,     Sheffield,     Yorks. 


"LIMBUX,"    sold    in    Bags,    2/6,    4/6    and    8/3    each.       Special    quotations    for 
^  larger    quantities. 

Sold  by   all   leading   Nurserymen,   Seedsmen   and  Sundriesmen   throughout   the    United  Kingdom,  am 

all  Members  of  the  Horticultural  Trades  Association.  ^  I 

THIS  ADVERT.  WILL  BE  WITHDRAWN  AFTER  THIS  ISSUE-SO  KEEP  THIS  PAGE  FOR  REFERENCE.  | 


Nothing  can  take  the  place  of  these   "  STARS,"  they   cannot  be    imitated  or  substituted.      They  are  the  only  FouiJ 

ALLIED  Horticultural  Specialities  of  their  kind  in  commerce.  j 


January  i,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


IB 


HOW     TO     APPLY     LIME 


By    C.     a.    JARDINE. 


GARDENS     all     over     the     kingdom 
after   the   war   were   in   a   deplorable 
condition,  due  to  neglect  and  shortage 
of    laboiu'.     consequently    they     were 
rampant    with    disease    and    choked 
with  weeds.     This  state  of  affairs  no  longer  obtains, 
thanks  to  determined  efforts,  though  there  remains 
a  lot  to  be  done  still  in  most  gardens.     The  really 
urgent    and    crying    need    this    winter    is    liming. 
The  necessity  is  recognised  by  all  good  gardeners, 
but    sometimes    even    good    men    do    not    know 
the    proper    use    of    lime     and    forget    the    fart 
that  only  the  purest  forms  of  lime  are    required, 
especially    in    disease.       It   is  not    intended     to 
give    a   lecture    on    the    subject    in    this    article. 
A     digest     of     lime     in     "The     Soil"     and     in 
"  Fertilisers      and     Manures,"     written     by    Sir 
Daniel     Hall,     who    gives    all    the    details  better 
than  will  be  found  in  any  other  work,  is  strongly 
advocated   to    all    horticulturists.    I    want   to  im- 
press the  very  great  importance  of  how  to  apply 
lime,    and   what   sort   of   lime   to    use.       To  take 
limestone,     I    do    not     remember     having     seen 
such    quantities    of    harmful    lime    used     in     all 
my     experience     as    in    the     last    two     years — 
builder's  lime    with    from  4  per  cent,   to  40   per 
cent,  of  magnesia,  grey  lias  lime,  some  with  the 
last  salt  in  excess,   but   others   with   as  little   as 
0.40    per    cent,    of    magnesia,    yet    containing    as 
much  as  8  per  cent,  of  oxides  of  iron  and  alumina  ; 
dolomitic    lime    with   large    percentages    of    mag- 
nesium carbonate  (substances  injurious  to  growing 
active  plants,  especially  when  the  lime  has  sunk 
into  the  soil)   and   various   other  substitutes   (all 
constituting  lime)  in  place  of  the  pre-war  quality 
of  lime.     Such  limes   applied  in  the   winter  lose 
most  of  their  injurious  properties  by  spring  owing 
to   being    washed   out   into   the    drainage    waters 
by   rain.     These  limes   fail   to   wipe   out   fungoid 
diseases,    whereas   pure   limes   would   not   fail   to 
exterminate  them.     The  demand  by  the  Govern- 
ment for  pure  limes  was  prodigious  ;   indeed,  only 
the  finest  quality  limes  could  be  employed  in  the 
manufacture    of    war    materials,    and    this   forced 
gardeners  to  use  any  and  every  sort  of  lime,  bringing 
baneful  results  in  their  train.     The   purest   form 
of  hydrated    lime   in   existence   is   known   by  the 
trade  name  of    "  Limbux,"     manufactured    from 
Buxton    limestone    but  scientifically  treated  and 
hydrated  by  special  machinery  so  that  it  is  free 
from  all  injurious  impurities.      Mr.  J.  L.  Edginton 
of   Eccltsall,    Sheffield,    who     has     agents   every- 
where, is  the  distributor  of  Limbux.     The  Buxton 
lump  liraes   and   limestones,    when  in   the   finest 
state   of   division  or  dust,   are  most  reliable,  and 
constitute    real    permanent     amelioration  in    the 
garden.      Lime  is  not  a  fertiliser  in  itself,  but  a 
potential  liberator  of  all  the  unavailable  soil  con- 
stituents directly  or  indirectly  through  the  action  of 
the  useful  soil  bacteria.    The  possible  exceptions  to 
the  action  of  lime  as  a  fertiliser  are  those  in  the 
cases  of  plants  that  are  not  of  the  mycotrophic 
group    and    who   store    calcium   oxalate   in    their 
leaves,     as     do    most     garden     bulbs,     especially 
Daffodils,  which  store  them  in  the  scales  of  their 
bulbs.     Some    species    of    Narcissus    resent    lime. 
It  is  always  a  puzzle  to  remember  what   plants 
like  and  what  do  not  like  lime.     Here  is  the  key 
to    the    solution,    an    infallible    microscopic    test 
made   known,    I    believe,    for   the    first   time.     If 
the  leaf  or  bulb  shows  calcium  oxalate  (a  shiny 
iridescent  or  glistening  body,  usually  a  thin,  long, 
comet-like   streak),    then  lime   is   indicated  ;     but 
if  absent,  the  subject  under  investigation  belongs 
to   the    mycotrophic   section,   lime   being   hurtful. 


Lime,  or  dust-ground  limestone  should  be 
applied  only  as  a  fine  powder  to  the  sitriace  of 
the  soil,  and  should  never  be  dug  in.  An  even 
sowing  is  particularly  desirable,  and  it  must  be 
thoroughly  worked  into  the  top  inch  or  two  of 
the  soil.  The  rake  is  the  sole  tool  to  do  this  satis- 
factorily. The  action  of  lime  is  downwards, 
so  that  the  rains  will  carry  it  evenly  through  the 
soil,  making  the  earth  salts  evenly  available  and 
replacing  the  moulds  and  fungi  which  have  been 
competing  with  the  plants  for  soil  constituents 
with  the  useful  soil  bacteria  (among  them  azoto- 
bacter),  and  thus  augmenting  the  nitric  contents 
of  the  soil.  The  time  to  apply  lime  is  now,  without 
delay,  and  to  follow  it  up  in  spring  and  sum- 
mer with  lime  free  from  injurious  impurities 
especially  to  all  stone  fruits.  In  conclusion  I 
would  draw  the  attention  of  rock  garden 
owners  to  limestone  chippings  for  lime-loving 
alpines  in  place  of  the  much-abused  granite 
chippings,  especially  where  certain  Saxifrages  arc 
concerned. 


SQUILLS  AS   A   RAT 
POISON 

THE  sudden  rise  into  popularity  of  the 
plant  Urginea  Scilla,  the  Squills  of  the 
druggist,  as  a  rat  poison  in  conjunction 
with  barium  carbonate,  has  directed 
attention  to  a  plant  which  has  long  been 
growing  in  the  Economic  House  at  the  Gardens. 
As  "  Syrup  of  Squills  "  it  has  long  beeu  a  popular 
remedy  in  children's  ailments.  One  could  not 
but  notice  the  sudden  interest  evinced  by  a  class 
of  school  children  who  were  being  taken  through 
the  house.  Olives,  Guavas,  Lychees  left  them 
cold,  but  "  squills "  was  to  them  a  household 
word,  familiarised  by  its  use  in  their  own  case 
and  those  of  infant  brothers  and  sisters. 

The  Squill  plant  grows  wild  throughout  the 
Mediterranean  region.  It  has  a  bulb  and  leaves 
like  those  of  the  Hyacinth,  and  a  tall  spike  of 
whitish  green  flowers.  The  Pharmaceutical  Journal 
of  September  i8th  contains  a  very  good  account 
of  the  method  followed  in  preparing  the  bulbs 
for  market,  from  which  we  extract  the  following  : 
"  The  bulbs  sometimes  reach  a  weight  of  lalb.  to 
141b.,  but  are  usually  much  smaller.  There  arc 
two  varieties,  white  and  red  ;  the  white  variety  is 
that  used  in  medicine,  the  red  is  the  one  preferred 
for  rat  poison.  The  Squills  of  the  London  market 
is  always  white  and  comes  from  Malta.  In  the 
spring  the  bulbs  are  dug  up  and  cut  transversely 
into  very  thin  slices,  which  are  placed  upon  clean 
canvas  and  dried  for  days  in  the  sun.  Great  care 
has  to  be  taken  that  the  fingers  are  never  allowed 
to  touch  them,  as  if  touched  when  moist  the  strips 
lose  their  whiteness.  No  rarn  must  fall  upon 
them,  as  this  discolours  the  strips  and  reduces  the 
market  value.  The  dried  product  is  afterwards 
packed  in  bags  for  shipment." 

About  its  effectiveness  as  a  rat  poison  there 
seems  to  be  no  doubt,  and  it  has  an  advantage 
over  phosphorous  paste  and  other  poisons  in  being 
less  harmful  to  domestic  animals.  It  is  said  that 
doe  rats,  when  breeding,  are  especially  attracted 
by  it,  because  of  the  fat  with  which  it  is  combined. 
It  would  be  interesting  to  know  how  the  use  of 
squills  for  this  pui-pose  was  fii'st  discovered. — The 
Journal  of  the  Royal  Hotanic  Society^  London. 


Around    the     Markets 

THOSE  who  bought  their  Holly  branches 
last  week  aud  even  earlier  are  tlie  lucky  ones, 
for  then  there  was  enough  on  the  rnarkel 
lor  all  demands  ;  but  now  the  general  shortage 
of  berried  sprays  is  felt,  and  many  wouJd-be 
buyers  have  to  go  empty  away.  This  shortagi- 
of  berries  has  led  many  wiseacres  to  propound 
all  sorts  of  theories,  but  the  real  and  true  explanation 
is  the  same  cause  that  resulted  in  our  short  fruit  crop; 
that  is,  uuseasonable  weather  during  the  flowering  period. 
The  scarcity  of  berried  Holly  contrasts  curiously  with 
the  record  quantity  of  Mistletoe,  which  is  the  commonest 
commodity  on  the  streets  at  tlie  moment,  even  including 
the  many  and  varied  mechanical  toys.  Mistletoe  is  so 
plentiful  and  cheap  that  a  goodly  sprig,  bearing  a  dozen 
berries,  may  be  bought  for  a  humble  penny— cheaper 
than  a  short  oiunibus  ride.  Most  of  this  AListletoe.  ol 
course,  comes  from  Norruandy  and  elsewhere  across  the 
English  Channel.     Generally,  "the  Holly  is  home  grown. 

Other  evergreens  are  in  great  demand  and  these  include 
a  great  variety  of  exotics,  but  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  nearly  the  whole  ot  our  very  few  hardy  indigfimu^. 
evergreens  are  in  the  greatest  and  most  general  denuuiti. 
Graceful  trails  of  Ivy.  particularly  when  the  leaves  have 
that  fascinating  bronzy,  winter  sheen,  are  eagerly  bought. 
The  sombre  Yew  and  grey-green  Scots  Pine  branches  are 
also  great  favourites.  Our  remaining  evergreen,  the 
Butcher's  Broom  (Kuscus  aculeatus),  is  also  sold  in 
enormous  quantities  tor  Yutetide  decorations;  but  in 
this  case  one  does  not  at  first  sight  recognise  it  as  a  nat  ive. 
for  the  stems  are  dyed  a  bright  vermilion.  Before  tlie 
war  a  great  business  was  done  with  the  Germans,  win) 
were  past  masters  in  the  art  and  craft  of  dyeing,  and  they 
produced  a  good  dry  article  of  vivid  colour  witlioul  the 
use  of  gelatine,  which  makes  the  shoots  sticky  under 
certain  conditions  of  temperature  aud  humidity'  Much 
of  the  dyed  Ruscus  seen  during  past  years  has  been  thi' 
product  of  Italy. 

A  great  clearance  has  been  made  in  the  pot  i)lant 
department.  Azaleas,  Cinerarias  and  Cyclamen  an-  now 
present  in  only  limited  quantities.  Roman  Hyacinths, 
both  in  trays  ot  a  couple  of  dozen  or  so  and  five  or  six 
bulbs  in  a  5-inch  pot,  are  pretty  plentitul,  but,  owing  to 
the  relative  sliortage  of  other  flowering  plants,  are  dearer 
than  just  recently.  Chrysanthemums,  of  fair  quality  in 
6-inch  pots,  white  Marguerites  and  Solanums  make  up 
the  toll  of  plants  in  quantity. 

Cut  flowers  of  quality  continue  their  upward  tendency, 
Chrysantlienmms.  which  are  fiuishiug,  being  the  uidy 
exception,  aud  these,  principally  "spray  stuff"  of  so-so 
merit,  are  quite  cheap.  The  best  lines  are  Carnations. 
Tiiliums,  Arums  and  Ro^es.  Violets  are  sliort.  but.  even 
so,  are  equal  to  the  ilemand.  The  scarce  flowers  include 
Lilac  (white  and  coloured),  Bouvardia,  white  Pelargonium 
aud  white  Azalea. 

In  the  vegetable  markets  there  is  enough  and  to  spare 
of  practically  everything.  Brussels  Sproiits,  of  immense 
size  and  great  firmness,  are  quite  cheap — too  cheap 
considering  the  quality  and  the  length  of  time  it  takes  to 
grow  flrst-rate  Sprouts.  TJiat  being  so.  Cabbage  is,  of 
course,  very  cheap.  Root  vegetables  are  in  better 
demand,  and.  perhaps  because  of  their  greater  food 
value,  people  are  buying  more  Parsnips  than  formerly. 
Jerusalem  Artichokes  are  not  so  much  wanted  as  was 
the  case  a  couple  of  years  ago.  and  the  same  remark 
applies,  though  even  more  so.  to  Chicory  ;  and.  i  n  fact, 
salads  of  all  kinds  are  not  wanted  over  nmch,  though 
Parsley  has  soared  in  price,  but  this  herb  is  always  greatly 
in  request  at  this  season  for  garnishing,  and  the  hard 
weather  has  stopped  growth.  Englisli  Cucumbers  and 
Tomatoes  are  practically  non-existent, 

Devonshire  Asparagus  and  Seakale.  making  a  first 
appearance  for  the  season,  forced  Beans  and  Mushrooms 
are  the  only  really  expensive  goods  in  the  vegetable  line. 
The  fruit  trade  is  ju-etty  much  as  before,  except  that 
Oranges  are  cheaper;  quite  good  fruits  are  retailed  at 
a  penny  and  three-halfpence  each.  Apples  continue  in 
great  plenty  and  so  do  Grapes,  which  will  probably  be 
unusually  cheap  in  a  week's  time,  it  not  before.  Nuts 
of  most  kinds  are  rather  dearer,  but  this  rise  will  be  of 
only  short  duration. 

Dt'ceirUfer  21.  A.  Coster. 


SOCIETIES 


THE   GARDENERS'    PROVIDENT  SOCIETY, 

The  monthly  meeting  of  the  United  Horticidtural  Benefit 
aud  Provident  Society  was  held  at  the  Royal  Jlnrli- 
cultural  Society's  Hall  on  Monday.  December  l:i,  Mr. 
A.  Bedford  in  tiie  chair.  Four  new  members  were  ele<-ted. 
The  sum  of  £6  6s.  8d,  (interest  on  three  members'  deposits) 
was  passed  for  payment.  The  sick  pay  for  the  muntli 
on  the  private  side  amounted  to  £40  lis,  *8d.  State  section 
£45.  and  maternity  claims  £14.  The  trustees  were 
empowered  to  invest  a  further  £800.  Mr.  ,\,  Turner 
was  co-opted  a  meniber  of  the  conuuittee.  in  j)lace  of 
Mr,  A.  C.  Bartlett.  who  has  resigned.  The  new  rules  were 
received  from  the  registrar  for  minor  alterations,  and  the 
eonimittee  hope  to  let  the  members  have  e((i)ies  early 
this  year. 


PUBLICATION     RECEIVED. 

"The  Royal  H«irtieultural  Society  Gardener's  Diary." 
A  pocket  book  fur  19i:i,  convenient  aud  invaluable  to'all 
interested  in  gardening,  I^iblished  by  Mes>rs,  Charles 
Letts  and  Co.,  Southwark  liridge  Building?*,  Londim, 
S.K.  1.      Priee2s. 


14 


THE    GARDEN. 


[January  i,  1921. 


A    HANDBOOK    OF    FRUITS 


IN  a  recent  number  of  The  Garden,  the  writer 
of  a  note  upon  Cotoneaster  bullata  referred 
to  the  confusion  which  not  infrequently  arises 
in  gardens  through  the  application  of  a  name 
to  a  plant  which  is  rightly  linown  by  another 
one.  No  owner  of  a  garden  will,  we  are  sure,  dissent 
from  the  conclusion  one  may  draw  from  this 
complaint,  viz.,  that  it  is  desirable  that  every  dis- 
tinct plant  should  have  a  name  and  that  each  name 
should  be  confined  to  one  distinct  plant  only. 

It  is  by  no  means  always  easy,  as  another  matter 
that  has  recently  been  ventilated  in  these  columns 
shows,  to  say  which  existing  name  actually  belongs 
to  a  particular  plant.  It  is  not  always  easy  where 
wild  species  are  concerned,  still  less  is  it  easy  with 
garden  varieties  of  a  species  between  which  the 
differences  are  often  much  smaller.  There  are 
five  ways  of  attempting  to  preserve  the  connection 
of  a  particular  name  with  the  thing  it  was  coined 
to  designate.  Memory,  written  descriptions. pictures 
or  models,  dried  or  otherwise  preserved  specimens, 
and  a  living  museum  properly  labelled.  No  one  of 
these  alone  is  ideal,  and  all  are  open  to  some  risk  of 
confusion.  Labels,  even  in  the  best  regulated 
gardens,  become  illegible  or  detached  from  the 
thing  to  which  they  belong  (and  often  with  the  best 
intentions  in  the  world  attached  to  something  else 
to  which  they  do  not  belong),  and  in  any  case  the 
living  specimens  are  unlikely  to  show  at  all  seasons 
all  the  characters  that  distinguish  them  ;  preserved 
specimens  are  often  too  bulky  to  store  satisfactorily 
and  not  seldom  lose  in  the  process  of  preparation 
the  finer  distinguishing  features  that  are  so  im- 
portant to  recognise  ;  pictures,  even  when  excellent 
portraits,  cannot  represent  a  variety  in  all  its 
varying  moods  ;  descriptions  are  liable  to  mis- 
interpretation unless  the  author  is  fertile  in  coining 
apt  terms,  precise  in  defining  them  and  rigid  in  their 
application,  while  the  interpreter  must  be  quick 
to  apprehend  the  author's  meaning  and  to  com- 
prehend the  whole  of  it ;  memory,  even  the  memory 
of  the  oldest  inhabitant,  is  not  always  to  be  relied 
upon. 

Memory,  tempered  with  discretion  of  judgment 
arising  from  experience  of  the  limits  of  variation,  is 
perhaps  the  commonest  prop  to  depend  upon  when 
we  arc  asked  to  name  a  variety.  But  too  often  some 
little  detail  has  escaped  our  recollection  and  our 
verdict  is  at  fault.  Or  it  is  faulty  because  the 
keenness  of  those  perceptions  which  start  the 
machinery  which  opens  the  cells  of  memory  is 
dimmed.  The  "  Ribston  Pippin  "  of  to-day  is  not 
the  ",  Ribston  Pippin  "  of  our  youth.  That  had  a 
sweet  crispness  which  our  teeth  delighted  to 
challenge — this  is  tough  and  difficult  now  teeth  are 
few  ;  that,  perhaps,  had  all  the  flavour  of  stolen 
fruit — this  is  but  cloying  to  our  pampered  palate. 

Who  has  not  watched  the  learned  in  fruits  when 
they  sit  in  solemn  conclave  and  discuss  the  demerits 
and  identity  of  a  variety  brought  before  them  ? 
Who  has  not  listened  while  one  gives  this  name  and 
another  that,  until  the  most  learned  of  them  all 
assures  his  fellows  that  the  Apple  cannot  be  anything 
but  a  local  seedling  ?  One  though,  diffident  because 
wise,  but  still  bold  enough  to  doubt,  is  not  so  sure. 
Trusting  less  his  memory,  he  reaches  out  for 
Hogg  (his  "  Fruit  Manuel  ")  and  from  the  pages  of 
that  great  volume  he  refutes  his  colleagues  one  by 
one  until  only  the  most  learned  one  is  left.  And 
him  he  tries  to  make  to  bite  the  dust  by  searching 
the  "  key  "  (which  he  finds  therein),  to  discover  a 
proof  that,  though  once  a  "  local  seedling,"  in 
truth  the  fruit  before  him  has  really  spread  far 
beyond  the  bounds  of  its  birthplace  and  become 
renowtU"d  over  the  face  of  the  land.  And  perhaps 
he  succeeds,  if  he  be  skilled  in  the  application  of  the 
terms  which  describe  the  cells  of  the  core  and  if  in 


their  endeavours  to  discover  all  there  is  to  know 
about  the  fruit,  his  enterprising  colleagues  have 
left  him  even  the  core  to  investigate.  But  perhaps 
he  goes  astray  and  the  most  learned  is  left  to 
say  in  triumph  ;  "  There,  I  told  you  so."  Then  they 
pass  to  another  fruit  and  discuss  it,  to  be  assured 
by  the  most  learned  that  this,  too,  is  a  local  seedling, 
differing  thus  and  thus  and  thus  from  the  former, 
and  quite  distinct,  being  indeed  an  altogether 
superior  fruit.  This  time,  there  being  no  more 
spirit  left  in  him,  the  diffident  one  lets  the  matter 
go  by  default.  One  there  is  who  chuckles,  for 
yesterday  evening  he  plucked  both  fruits  off  the 
same  branch  of  the  great  tree  of  Allington  Pippin 
planted  by  his  father  in  i8g6,  on  the  day  of  his 
birth  (for  he  is  young  who  would  dare  such  a  thing). 
He  knows  and  will  quietly  tell  (yet  not  so  quietly 
but  all  shall  hear),  how  little  is  the  alleged  omnis- 
science  of  the  learned  one  to  be  trusted — his  is 
but  a  bubble  reputation  and  he  has  dared  to 
prick  it  and  lo !  it  is  burst.  Listen.  "  And 
the  diffident  one  ?  "  "  Oh  he  is  not  as  bad,  but 
he,  poor  fellow,  like  Hogg,  isn't  up-to-date.  Why 
Hogg"  (he  is,  of  course,  not  old-fashioned  enough 
to  be  courteous  and  say  Dr.  Hogg's  "  Fruit 
Manual").  "Hogg  was  published  in  1884  and 
Allington  Pippin,  Newton  Wonder,  Monarch, 
Ellison's  Orange,  Rival,  Rev.  W.  Wilks  and  topping 
Apples  like  those  never  opened  their  hearts  to  him. 
Poor  old  Doubting  Diffidence,  he  thinks  there's 
nothing  later  than  Bramley's  Seedling,  and  so  he 
went  wrong,  he  ought,  of  course,  to  have  reached 
out  for  'Bunyard'  instead.  Haven't  you  seen 
'  Bunyard'  either?  Why,  my  dear  man,  it's  the 
latest  thing  in  descriptions  of  Apples  and  Pears  and 
the  old  buffer  who  was  discoursing  so  lengthily  just 
now  about  '  methods  of  preserving  connexion 
between  name  and  thing,'  wrote  to  me  the  other 
day  because  he  knows  I  like  to  be  up-to-the- 
minute  in  all  that  concerns  fruit  and  said  all  sorts 
of  nice  things  about  it.  Here,  you'd  better  read 
his  letter.  '  Perhaps  the  most  satisfactory  way 
of  ensuring  the  constant  attachment  of  the  correct 
name  to  any  variety  of  fruit  and  of  that  name  to 
the  fruit  to  which  it  exclusively  belongs,  is  the 
publication  in  an  accessible  form  of  accurate,  lucid, 
complete  in  essentials,  but  not  too  lengthy  descrip- 
tions. This  Mr.  E.  A.  Bunyard  has  given  us  in  "  A 
Handbook  of  Fruits"*  of  which  the  first  volume 
on  Apples  and  Pears  has  just  reached  me,  and 
in  the  perusal  of  which  I  have  spent  a  pleasant 
hour  or  two.  He  certainly  uses  some  uncommon, 
and  as  some  may  consider,  uncouth  terms,  such  as 
"  up-cupped,"  "  outheld"  and  the  like,  but  they 
are  clearly  explained  and  it  would  be  difficult  to 
find  more  euphonious  epithets  which  would  indicate 
the  essential  characters  which  they  are  intended 
to  describe.  I  am  glad  to  see  Mr.  Bunyard  has 
discarded  the  system  of  classification  based  upon  the 
characters  of  the  core  which  Dr.  Hogg  made  such 
a  feature  of  his  "  Manual,"  and  which  the  tyro 
found  so  puzzling,  and  has  given  a  different  classi- 
fication, easier  to  use,  and  which,  though  doubtless 
susceptible  of  improvement,  will  serve  well  as  a 
preliminary  guide.  1  hope  to  see  the  day  when  the 
position  will  be  even  more  secure  than  such 
descriptions  majce  it,  for  the  ideal  will  be  to  have 
the  varieties  growing  together  for  any  enquirer  to 
see  and  compare  them.  The  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  has  made  a  good  start  towards  this  at 
Wisley  and  if  the  planting  there  can  be  continued, 
and  I  hope  funds  sufficient  will  be  forthcommg  to 
permit  this  to  be  done,  and  this  planting  be  supple- 
mented by  accurate  records  and  the  help  that  good 

*  A  Handbook  of  Fruits :  Ajyplps  and  Pears.  By  E.  A. 
Bunvard,  F.L.S.  206  pp.  sni.  8vo.  (John  Murray, 
LonJuu,  1920).     7s.  eJ.  iK-t. 


illustrations  such  as  those  to  which  Mr.  Bunyard 
refers  in  his  descriptions  and  which  can  be  con- 
suited  in  the  R.H.S.  Library  at  'Vincent  Square,  we 
shall  be  weU  on  the  way  to  a  better  knowledge  of 
fruit  and  to  avoiding  the  annoyance  of  re- naming 
of  fruits  causes.  A  feature  of  Mr.  Bunyard's  book 
is  the  attention  he  gives  to  the  habit  of  the  tree, 
a  matter  of  great  importance  to  the  market  fruit 
grower,  as  well  of  value  as  a  diagnostic  character ; 
and  another  feature  in  the  care  he  takes  to  accredit 
the  variety  to  its.  real  source  ;  sometimes,  indeed, 
he  is  so  engrossed  in  his  interest  in  this  courteous 
and  historically  desirable  aim  that  he  forgets  to 
give  us  his  candid  opinion  upon  the  merits  of  a 
particular  variety  as  for  instance  on  "  King  of  the 
Pippins,"  an  excellent  Apple  in  many  ways,  but 
a  little  too  dry  for  my  palate,  wherein  Dr.  Hogg's 
estimate  and  my  own  are  at  variance.  I  am  telling 
you  these  things,  my  dear  fellow,  as  though  you 
could  not  discover  them  for  yourself,  and  indeed,  it 
is  probable  that  you  have  already  done  so,  but  1 
like  to  praise  the  best  when  I  see  it.  I  could  wish, 
however,  although  I  daresay  you  will  put  it  down 
to  an  old  man's  fastidiousness,  that  Mr.  Bunyard 
had  got  some  one  to  read  the  proofs  of  his  admirable 
book  for  him,  for  there  are  a  good  many  slips  in  the 
spelling  of  names  and  if  I  may  judge  from  the 
interesting  notes  upon  nomenclature  which  I  have 
seen  from  his  pen  from  time  to  time,  I  feel  sure 
they  will  annoy  him  as  much  as  they  do  me.  The 
correction  of  these  is  generally  largely  in  the  hands 
of  the  printer's  reader  and  it  is  somewhat  of  a 
pity  that  he  has  been  caught  nodding  so  often,' 
■\'ou  see,  old  bean,  the  old  buffer  thinks  a  lot  of  it 
and — you'd  better  buy  it.     Ta  !   Ta  !  " 


Apple  King  of    the    Pippins 

This  old  favourite  and  ever-sought-after  variety 
has  proved  a  come-to-stay  Apple,  although  critics 
have  claimed  it  as  the  once  Golden  Winter 
Pearmain,  and  it  was  noticed  by  Ray  in  1688  ; 
but  whether  it  is  so  or  not,  I  am  convinced  there 
is  more  than  one  variety  of  the  above  sort  and 
am  well  aware  that  stock  influence  may  accoiuit 
for  the  fact.  The  King  of  the  Pippins  is  known 
and  grown  in  every  part  of  the  British  Isles  and 
is  as  consistent  a  bearer  as  an  Apple  can  be.  No 
forms  or  systems  ever  adversely  affect  its  cropping 
propensities,  and  for  town  gardens  it  is  im- 
mensely satisfactory.  In  season  from  November 
to  March,  the  fruits  are  crisp  and  of  good 
flavour.  George  Lovelock. 


A     Novel    Way    of     Training 
Peaches    and    Nectarines 

It  was  my  good  fortune  to  be  able  to  spend  a  few 
hours  in  the  noted  gardens  of  Mr.  Clu-istie  at 
Framingham  Manor,  near  Norwich,  recently, 
and  although  the  beauty  of  the  flowering 
trees  and  shrubs  was  over,  the  Magnolias,  Rhodo- 
dendrons, Philadelphus  and  many  other  choice 
subjects  were  pictures  of  health  and  gave  evidence 
of  a  great  treat  for  1921.  But  it  is  of  the  training 
of  the  Peaches  and  Nectarines  on  the  front  of  the 
fruit  house  that  I  want  to  make  a  special  remark. 
It  appears  tliat  the  ordinary  fan-trained  trees  on  the 
front  and  part  of  the  roof  of  the  house  were  a 
deterrent  to  good  sets  of  fruit  on  the  back  wall,  so 
it  occtu-red  to  the  ingenious  gardener,  Mr.  Samuel 
High,  that  to  construct  a  span  trellis  in  front  of 
each  main  stem  and  then  tie  the  branches  to  this 
would  let  in  light  and  give  more  space.  They  form 
practically  little  fruit  bowers.  It  is  a  great  success 
in  every  way.  H.   Perry. 


J.\NUARY    I,     I92I.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


XI. 


BENTLEY'S 
Concentrated  Alkali 

(WINTER    WASH) 

A  highlj'  effective  and  most  popular  Winter 
Wash  for  Fruit  and  Forest  Trees  of  every  kind. 
In  tins  sufficient  to  )iiakc  22  galls,  of  Wash. 
1    to  5  tins,  3/7  each.  8  tins,  3/5  each. 

12  tins,  3/3  each.  20    tins  3/1   each. 

40  tins,  2/1 1   each. 

Carriage  paid  on  7j6  orders  and  upwards. 


WEED   DESTROYERS 
DAISY  KILLER  (LAWN  SAND) 
INSECTICIDES        FUNGICIDES 
FUMIGANTS  FERTILIZERS 

Catalogue  on  Application. 


Sole  Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 

CHEMICAL    WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,  HULL. 


A   GIFT 

Valuable  to  your  friend  far  beyond  its  cost  to 
you  is  obtainable  in 

"Modern  Fruit  Growing" 

(By  W.  P.  SEABROOK) 

A  very   practical  work  on   the   cultivation    of 

HARDY     FRUITS. 


Recommended  by  the  Ministry  of  Agriculture 
and  adopted  as  a  Standard  Text  Book  by 
Horticultural  Institutions   all  over  the  Country. 


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SPECIAL  POTS 

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NOVELTIES  FOR  1921.  The  joUomng  Novelties 
I  can  recommend  mth  every  eonfiiaice.  They 
are  quite  dintinct  from  anything  already  on  the 
market.  All  are  extra  vigorous  j  growers  and 
absolutely  fixed. 

PICTURE. 

Award  of  Merit,  R.H.S.     Award  of  Merit,  N.S.P.S. 

First  Class  Certiflcate,  Stirewsbury. 

In  the  opinion  of  practically  all  the  e.\perts  and 
leadinj;  exhiBitOK,  Picture  marks  the  highest 
development  and  greatest  advance  up  to  date.  Its 
form  is  superb,  the  outline  of  standards,  wings  and 
keel  being  in  every  respect  that  of  the  very  finest 
Sweet  Peas  in  existence.  Four  blooms  are  the  mini- 
mum, sixes  being  frequent,  and  occasionally  as 
many  as  eight  perfect  blooms  have  been  carried  on 
one  stem.  The  colour  may  be  described  as  flesh  pink 
\vith  a  rosy  flush,  the  whole  being  fascinatingly  suf- 
fused and  shaded  creamy  apricot,  a  most  delightful 
and  altogether  enchanting  combination  of  colours. 
Fragrance  is  pronounced  and  very  sweet.  Picture 
is  the  nearest  approach  to  perfection  yet  obtained. 
This  novelty  should  be  included  in  every  collection, 
either  for  exhibition,  garden,  decoration  or  cutting 
Per  packet,  10  seeds,  1(6. 

MYRTLE. 

A  very  charming  novelty.  The  halt-open  buds 
are  the  nearest  to  yellow  yet  seen.  In  the  early 
stages  the  flowers  are  creamy  yellow.  As  the 
flowers  develop  there  appears  a  bright  band  of 
violet-rose,  resembling  a  rainbow.  The  large 
wavy  flowers  when  cut  make  a  very  effective  and 
telling  bunch.  Per  packet,  10  seeds,  1/- 
GLORY. 

A  particularly  bright  glowing  salmon  cerise.  The 
flowers  are  of  enormous  size,  with  great  substance 
and  far  ahead  of  all  other  cerise-coloured  Sweet 
Peas.  An  abundance  of  four  and  flve-flowerert 
sprays  are  produced,  and  this  gem  is  sure  to  be  in 
great  demand  for  exhibition.  As  a  cut  flower  it 
lasts  a  long  time  in  good  condition,  and  does  not 
lose  colour.     Per  packet,  10  seeds,  1/-. 

ROBERT     BOLTON 

The    Sweet    Pea    Specialist 

BAVTHORNEND,     Near     HALSTEAD,     ESSEX. 


CLEARANCE  OFFER 

Anchusa  Dropmore  and  Opal 
Artemisia  Lactiflora 
Delphinium   Lizzie 
Galegea  Hantlandii 

,,  Duchess  of  Bedford 

Phlox  Elizabeth  Campbell 
,,        Afrique 
,,        September  Glow 
,,        Arendsii  Vars 
Irises  in  variety,  including   Lohengrin,  King 
of     Irises,     Her     Majesty    and    other   good 
vaneiies  all  at   1 0/6  per  dozen  cash  with  order, 
£1     orders    and    over    carriage    paid. 

J.    KELLEY, 

Garden  Architect  and   Specialist,  CRIEFF,  N.B. 


IRISH  LINEN   SALE 


Throughout  January  Robinson  &  Cleaver  are  offering  many 
of  their  real  Irish  Linen  Goods  at  reduced  prices.  The 
thriftv  housewife   will   not  let   this    unique  opportunity  pass  by. 

BED      LINEN 


BARGAIN  SALE  LIST. 
No.  46  S  sent  post  free. 
We  guarantee  delivery  of  all 
parcels  to  customer's  address. 


TABLE     LINEN 

Piece  Linen  Damask 
by  the  yard.  Any 
length  cut.  45  ins.  wide. 
9/3  per  yard  ;  5(  ins. 
wide,   1 0/11  per  yard. 


TOWELS 

Hemstitched  Union 
Diaper  Towels,  with 
Damask  border.  Size 
'i.S  X  42  inches.  Price 
per  half-dozen  -    37,'9 


SPECIAL   OFFER. 
Plain      Linen      Pillow 

Cases. 
20  X  30  ins.     Doz.  55/- 
22  X  32  ins.       ..        69/- 


ROBINSON    6?    CLEAVER, 

Linen    Manufacturers,    BELFAST.  ^"^^ 


DOBBIE'S  CATALOGUE 


And  Guide  to  Gardening. 


Spring  1921 


A    FREE    COPY 

Will  be  sent  to  anyone  interested 
in  Giirdenin;  tcho  makes  aftfili- 
cation  and  mentions  The  Garoin 


Our  House   is  noted   for    HIGH- 
GRADE  VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER 
SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 
POTATOES,  and  PLANTS. 
IN    SWEET     PEAS    WE    ARE     PREEMINENT. 


DOBBIE  &  Co.  Ltd.  ""^Tf^lK"'" 

EDINBURGH. 


xu. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  i,  1921. 


POULTRY     NOTES 

By    W.     POWELL-OWEN,     F.B.S.A. 


I  HAVE  alwaj's  recommended  poultry-keepers 
to  keep  strict  accounts.  Everything  that 
is  paid  out  on  behalf  of  the  fowls  should  be 
booked  up  against  them  even  to  the  stamped 
envelope  when  you  write  me  for  advice. 
In  like  manner  everything  that  comes  in  by  way 
of  produce  should  be  credited  to  them. 

Poultry  Guano  for  Gardens.— A  reader  asks 
me  to  tell  her  what  guano  from  fowls  should  be 
worth.  She  keeps  about  sixty  fowls,  and  gives 
all  the  guano  to  the  gardener,  who  finds  it  extra- 
ordinarily valuable  for  every  sort  of  vegetable, 
fruit  and  flower.  In  fact,  to  quote  from  my 
reader's  letter,  "  the  gardener  attributes  a  great 
deal  of  his  success  in  Perpetual  Carnation  and 
Chrysanthemum  growing  to  having  such  a  fine 
supply  of  poultry  guano."  My  correspondent 
wishes  to  know  the  monetary  value  of  the  poultry 
droppings,  as  she  keeps  strict  accounts  of  her 
little  "  chicken  farm,''  feeding  and  tending  her 
fowls  persorially.  I  aiu  glad  to  publish  the  above 
facts,  and  especially  to  note  that  my  querist 
intends  to  credit  the  value  of  the  droppings  to 
the  fowls. 

Poultry  and  Market-gardening.— it  is  a  sur- 
prising fact  that  there  is  not  a  regular  channel  for 
the  sale  of  poultry  guano,  since  all  are  agreed 
that  it  is  of  extraordinary  value.  That  is  why 
I  think  poultry-keeping  and  market-gardening 
or  fruit  culture  go  so  nicely  hand  in  hand.  1 
receive  hundreds  of  letters  each  season  from 
poultry  farmers  asking  if  there  is  a  market  for  the 
droppings.  Cirowcrs  of  Tomatoes  and  owners 
of  greenhouses  used  to  be  glad  to  buy  the  guano 
in  certain  seasons,  but  often  it  is  wasted  for  want 
of  a  regular  channel  of  demand.  At  one  time  a 
friend  of  mine  intended  to  buy  up  poultry  guano 
from  both  small  and  large  poultry- keepers  and 
to  advertise  his  preparation  extensively,  but  his 
scheme  did  not  mature.  Meanwhile  instead  of 
selling  the  droppings  at  give-away  prices,  the 
poultry-keeper  should  interest  himself  in  growing 
such  crops  that  can  use  up  the  guano  and  bring 
in  increased  returns. 

A  Question  of  Storing. — The  droppings  should 
be  kept  pure,  and  should  not  be  mixed  with  earth 
or  ashes.  When  collected  each  day  they  can  be 
■  placed  in  a  barrel  or  be  stored  in  an  outhouse. 
A  good  plan  is  to  use  a  good-sized  barrel  as  the 
receptacle.  Place  wood  on  top  of  the  guano 
and  over  this  several  sacks.  Many  store  it  on 
the  floor  of  a  dry  outhouse.  First  of  all  sacks  arc 
placed  on  the  floor  and  a  deep  layer  of  droppings 
is  put  on  top  ;  sacks  are  then  put  over  the  layer 
of  droppings.  In  this  order  the  supply  is  built 
up,  sacks  being  uppermost  as  each  further  layer 
of  droppings  is  added  to  the  mound.     Instead  of 


sacks  some  use  earth  or  straw,  but  in  storing  the 
guano  must  be  kept  dry.  Many  when  they  collect 
the  guano  throw  it  on  to  a  heap  in  the  yard,  but 
such  is  useless,  as  the  droppings  are  robbed  of 
their  value.  Adopt  dry  storing  and,  if  you  prefer, 
have  a  large  mound  in  an  outhouse  and  a  barrel 
as  the  intermediate  or  temporary  receptacle 
for  droppings  as  they  are  collected  daily. 

Poultry  in  Orchards. — Those  who  have  orchards 
can  reap  the  dual  benefits  from  poultry  and  fruit, 
which  represent  a  splendid  combination.  The 
fruit  trees  provide  shade  for  the  fowls,  and  the 
latter  eat  up  all  the  undesirable  pests  that  are 
harmful  to  the  trees.  The  owner  must  choose 
whether  he  puts  his  young  stock  in  the  orchard 
or  devotes  the  latter  to  the  breeding  birds.  A 
grass  orchard  or  paddock  makes  an  ideal  place 
for  the  breeders  because  it  is  sheltered,  thereby 
aiding  egg  production  and  breeding  condition. 
It  provides  shade,  too,  while  the  surroundings  are 
such  as  to  provide  quietude  and  seclusion,  which 
all  birds  appreciate  during  the  breeding  season. 
In  such  cases  permanent  houses  and  runs  can  be 
planned  for  the  breeding  stock.  If  the  paddock 
is  large  and  is  grazed  by  other  stock,  it  should  be 
handed  over  to  young  birds,  which  can  enjoy 
free  range  during  the  growing  stages. 

Feeding  for  Egg-production. — As  I  have  often 
pointed  out,  it  is  dangerous  to  keep  strictly  to 
quantities  when  feeding  fowls  for  egg-production. 
It  is  harmful  to  fatten  them,  because  overfat  hens 
are  useless  for  either  laying  or  breeding.  To 
underfeed  is  equally  disastrous,  because  it  means 
that  one  will  not  get  all  the  eggs  the  fowls  should 
lay.  The  best  feeder  is  the  poultry- keeper  who 
observes  closely  the  condition  of  his  flocks,  because 
he  can  tell  if  he  is  overfeeding  or  not  giving  enough. 
When  pullets  or  hens  are  out  of  lay  and  resting 
they  will  not  eat  so  much  food  as  when  they  begin 
to  come  into  condition  and  lay.  It  is  at  the  latter 
stage  that  they  need  more  food.  The  best  plan 
is  to  feed  the  fowls  liberally  always,  and  let  them 
have  all  they  will  eat  up  eagerly.  To  counteract 
fattening,  the  mashes  should  be  so  planned  that 
they  fill  but  do  not  fatten. 

Overfat  Condition  of  layers. — When  poultry 
are  in  an  overfat  condition  the  owner  is  often 
deceived  because  they  lay  so  well.  He  considers 
in  consequence  that  his  all-fattening  diet  is  the 
right  one  to  get  eggs.  The  fact  is  that  the  internal 
fat  builds  up  the  yolks  but  directly  the  bird  gets 
really  fat  all  the  internal  organs  become  coated 
and  interfered  with,  aU  the  crevices  get  filled  with 
fat,  and  trouble  then  starts.  The  first  symptom 
may  be  the  laying  of  one  or  two  soft-shelled  or 
odd-shaped  eggs.  Then  the  egg  supply  drops 
and  the  flock  falls  to  pieces,  taking  weeks  if  not 
months,  to  get  fit  again.  The  moral  is  that. pre- 
vention is  always  better  than  cure,  and  one 
should  avoid  the  fattening  of  layers  all  the  time. 
In  the  winter  months  a  little  kibbled  Maize  will 
be  helpful ;  but  one  must  not  give  Maize-meal, 
Potatoes  and  Barley-meal  as  well,  or  else  trouble 
will  commence. 

The  Breeding  Hens. — When  the  winter  egg 
season  comes  round  the  poultry-keeper  often 
forgets  the  adult  hens.  It  is  the  pullets  that  he  is 
apt  to  think  of  because  of  the  winter  eggs  they 
return.  As  a  consequence  the  hens  often  get 
neglected  and  do  not  get  over  the  moult  properly, 
manycatching  chills  through  exposure  and  dropping 
out.  To  finish  the  moult  and  to  obtain  full  growth 
of  the  new  plumage  a  liberal  diet  is  very  essential 


One  should  also  keep  the  hens  confined  when  the 
weather  is  bad  so  that  they  will  receive  ample 
protection  from  the  bitter  elements.  That  is 
where  the  value  of  the  scratching  shed  comes  in, 
although  I  am  afraid  many  do  not  make  full  use 
of  it.  The  adult  stock  must  have  attention  because 
hatching  results  will  be  poor  if  they  are  not  fit 
and  in  lay  by  the  time  eggs  are  needed  for 
incubation. 

Mating-up  the  Pens. — I  am  a  firm  believer 
in  early  mating  and  in  heavy  breeds  like  to  have 
the  breeding  birds  fit  and  mated  up  in  December, 
the  light  varieties,  like  the  Leghorns,  following  in 
January.  This  gives  one  every  chance  of  securing 
fertile  eggs  when  needed  and  strong  robust  chicks 
therefrom.  Also  one  can  check  each  mating  and 
try  another  if  one  fails.  Often  a  cockerel  will 
prove  useless,  necessitating  a  change  of  males ; 
if  mating  is  early  such  shortcomings  can  be  dis- 
covered in  time  to  rectify  them.  There  is  a  strong 
section  of  poultry-keepers,  too,  jwho  believe  that 
early  mating  helps  the  sex  problem  and  prevents 
the  males  being  in  the  majority.  The  fancier 
did  not  care  much  whether  he  bred  males  or 
females  because  all  he  was  after  was  a  bird  of 
either  sex  that  was  ideal  for  colour,  type  and 
markings.  The  utility  man,  naturally,  would 
rather  have  pullets.  While,  then,  the  fancier  often 
set  eggs  within  fourteen  days  of  mating,  the  utility 
poultry- keeper  can  allow  a  longer  period.  j 

Males  and    Breeding. — When  mating  up   the 
pens  the  males  should  be  in  fit  condition,  like  the 
females.     When  the  latter  are  in  full  flush  of  lay    j 
and   doing   their   three   or   four   eggs   weekly   per 
bird,  fertility  should  be  strong.     But  adult  males    , 
should  be  well  over  the  moult  and  in  nice  plumage    j 
before  they  are  mated,  even  if  they  are  brought    j 
to    that    happy    stage    by    artificial    management    j 
and  liberal  feeding.     They  should,  ivhen  through    | 
the  moult,   have   a   plentiful  supply  of  grain    to 
make   them  hard   and  fit.     In   the   case  of   1920    j 
males  these  should  be  early  hatched  ;    if  late,  one    i 
should   mate   up   later   and   incubate   for   March    j 
ejiicks  in  heavy  breed;  and  April  broods   in  light    ' 
varieties.      The   moral  is :    When   mating-up  see   J 
that   all  buds  used  are  in  fit  breeding  condition,    t 
Poultry-keepers    in     the    main    ha\e    one    great   | 
failing  in  that  they  will  not  bestow  sufficient  care   ( 
upon  the  male  birds.      The  male  is  nine-tenths  of 
the  mated  pen  in  more  senses  than   one.     If  he 
fails  then  hatching  results  are   ruined,    whereas, 
if  only   one    hen    fails,   there   are    eitht   or   nine 
others   to  carry  on.     With   the   approach  of  the 
breeding  season,  therefore,  take  steps  to  see  that 
all  males  are  liberally  fed  and  are   brought  into 
ideal  condition. 


ADVICE   ON    POULTRY   MATTERS. 

Mr.    W.    PowcU-Owcn,    The    Garden    Poultry 

Expert,  will  be  pleased  to  answer,  free  of  charge,  any  I 

question  dealing  with  poultry -keeping.     A    stamped  [ 

and  addressed  envelope  should  be  enclosed,  when  a  \ 

lengthy  and  detailed  reply  will  be  posted  promptly.  \ 

Communications  should  be  sent  to  Mr.  W.  Powell-  1 

Owen,  care  0/  The  Garden,   20,   Tavistock  Street,  j 
Strand,  W.C.2.     Samples  0/  foods  {report  thereon  and 

suggested  tise),  is.  6d. ;    post-mortems,  2S.  6d.  each.  \ 

Send  samples  and  dead  fowls  (latter  by  rail  and  letters  1 

under    separate   cover)    direct   to    W.    Powell-Owen,  , 
"  Powell-Owen"  Poultry  Bureau,  47A,  High  Street, 
Hampstead,  N.W.3. 


January    i.    ii)-.'i. 


THi:     GARDKX. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  EDITION 


Pennelis'  Garden  Guide 


Is  now  ready,  and 
will  be  sent  post 
tree    upon    request. 


SPECIALITIES; 


Unusual   Quality 

Certain  Germination 

Low  Prices 


PENNELL  &  SONS,  Lincoln. 

ESTABLISHED    1780. 


GOOSEBERRIES 

Single,   Double   and   Triplet    Cordons, 
also  Standards, 

RED     and     WHITE    CURRANTS 

Single  and   Double  Cordons. 
Price  on  application. 

S.     SPOONER      &     SONS, 

The     Nupseries, 
KSTD.  ituo  Hounslo>v,  Middlesex. 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  your  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
OP  games  let  us 
knov/. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIES  Ld. 
Cpanmep  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


HEAVY  WINTER  EGG  PRODUCTION 

cannot  be  avoided  so  long  as 

''GORDON     GRAY" 

LIGHT     SUSSEX 

are   reRularly  kept   in  YOUR  YARDS. 
EaaS     FOR     HATCH  INQ     NOW     READY. 
particulars    apply         Deansbrook  Poultry  Farm, 


Q.OORDONQRAY.Ltd.     THAXTED 


ESSEX. 


DUX    AND     DRAKES 


II 


Grand  lot  of  1919  and  1920  White  Runner  Ducks  and 
Drakes,  and  a  f(w  Drakes  from  my  1919  Dairy  Show,  etc., 
winning  Buff  Orpington  Ducke.  Also  Golden,  Silver,  White 
Wyandotteg,  Rhode  Island  Reds,  White  Leghorns  and  Black 
Wyandotte  Bantams.     Over  600  prizes  won.     Moderate  prices, 

SYDNEY    HILLER,   F.B.S.A. 

CLEVELAND    POULTRY     FARM,    STANDON,    HERTS 


FOR  SUCCESS    IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 


'S 


t4\^^ 


On    the    market 

for      over      40     years, 

they  still  hold  first  place  in 

estimation    of    Horticulturists 

the     world      tor     QUALITY 


the 
all     over 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     year's     practical 
experience     in     Rardening,      they     stand     unrlv  lied     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description    of    Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 
and   FoliatJe  Plants.  Vegetables.   Lawns    etc     etc 
Plant    and    Vegetable    Manure,     lcwt..36/.:'    561b.,     19/.;      281b..  10/6: 
141b.,  6/.;  71b..  3/6;  Tins.   1/6. 
Special  Top-Drossing  Manure,  S61b.,  19/-:  28  b.,  10/6;  141b.,  6/- ;  71b..  3/6. 
■"Off"     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLF.T-POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     ■•« 
SOLD        BY        NURSERYMEN        AND        SEEDSMEN 


Vine, 


EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers  :      WM.     THOMSON      &     SONS,     LTD.,     CLOVENFORDS.     SCOTLAND. 


PATTISSON'S 
HORSE  (LAWN)   BOOTS 

You  will  need  bools  for  next  season. 
Why  nol  have  your  old  ones  repaired  or  new  ones  made 
NOW,  AND    BE    READY  tor  the   Mowing   Season  ? 

Orders  now  despatched  by  return. 
Price  Lists  from  the  Manufacturers  : 

H.  PATTISSON  &  CO.,  Streatham  Common,  S.W.16 


M«MMIM«MM| 


WORTH  HAVING 

CAUSTIC  ALKALI— The  most  pene- 
trative liquid  Insecticide.  The  winter  wash. 
KILLS  mealy  bug  and  all  aphides,  spiders 
and  mites.  REMOVES  loose  bark,  lichen 
;  and  all  fungoid  growths.  One  tin  makes 
1 1  gallons,  ready  for  use. 

40  tins  90  -;  20  tins  45/-;  10  tins  24/-;  5  tins  14/6 

CARRIAGE    PAID. 

Wm.  WOOD  &  SON,  Ltd. 

TAPLOW,    BUCKS. 


SEABROOK'S 

FRUIT  TREES  &  ROSES 


THE    HARDIEST    OBTAINABLE 


PROMPT     DISPATCH 

CATALOGUES   FREE.       Dept.   G, 

W.  SEABROOK  &  SONS,  Ltd. 
CHELMSFORD 


YOUR 
LAWNS  & 
PLAYING 
FIELDS 


^  IMPI 


LET  US  HELP  YOU  TO 
IMPROVE  THEIR  CONDITION 

"CLIMAX"  Lawn  Sand 

Kills     DAISIES.    PLANTAINS. 
^^^^    MOSS,  and  other  shallow-rooted 
■^^^    weeds,  and  Fertilizes  Grass. 
281b.  tin  to  dress  100  square  yards,  10/- : 
li  cwt.  cask  35/-,  carriage  paid. 


"WIKEHAM  " 
Weed  Eradicator 

The  Tool  that  KILLS  Dandelions, 
and  other  large  weeds.     As  recom- 
mendecl  by  N.  Stephney  Rawson. 
12/6  each,  or  with  sufficient  poison 
to  kill  10.000  weeds  17/6  post  free 


Garden 
Supplies,  Ltd. 

Boundary     Chemical 
C.)  . 

Cranmer  St., 
Liverpool. 


Seu>e 
SCaJcitS 


1  o  keep  your  trees  clean  and 
healthy  during  the  winter  ;  to 
ensure  healthy,  vigorous  growth 
and    good    crops    next    season, 

SPRAY  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 
■witK 

COOPER  S 

•WITJTER   FLUID 

Kills  mo5s  and  lichen  ;  removes  loose 
rough  bark.  Non-poisonous.  Easy  to  use. 
Economical.      ::     Of  agents  everywhere. 

Sole  Manufacturers  : 
WM.  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS.  Ltd.,  Berkhamsted 


cts  there  |4 

I  and  makes  the  Garden  t«!JI£k 
gay  all  the  year  round.  r^:^l:£i;^tp. 


Sold  everywheie  iti  TINS  ai  ed.  *.  1  9. .  and  in  BRANDED*  SEALED 

BAGS:  7  lbs..  2s.  Sd. .  U  lbs.,  4s.  ed.  ;  28  lb<...7s.  Sd. .  66lb<;..ias.  6d.    112  lb«.  20s.     Ur 

direct  from  ibe  Works.  Carriafe  paid  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  Cash  with  Order  (except  Sd.  Tl."^  S| 


CLAY   &   SON.    Manure  Mfrs  &  Bone  Crushers,  STRATrORD.LONDON.E. 


w 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  i,   1921 


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M 


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THE  PAST  YEAR  HAS  BEEN  SPECIALLY  NOTED  FOR 
THE  REVIVAL  OF  THE  CULTIVATION  OF  ANNUALS. 
AND  MANY  GARDEN  LOVERS  HAVE  BEEN  SURPRISED 
TO  FIND  HOW  NUMEROUS  WERE  THE  NEW 
VARIETIES,  AS  WELL  AS  THE  OLDER  AND  FOR- 
GOTTEN BEAUTIES,  THAT  COULD  GIVE  A  FRESH 
CHARM  TO  THE  GARDEN.  SCOTSMEN  SEEM  TO  HAVE 
REALISED  THIS  EVEN  MORE  THAN  THE  SOUTHERNER, 
AND  IT  ASTONISHES  THE  VISITOR  FRO.M  THE  SOUTH 
TO  SEE  THE  EXTENT  TO  WHICH  ANNUALS  ARE 
GROWN  IN  THE  NORTH  AND  THE  EXTRAORDINARY 
VIGOUR  OF  PLANTS  THAT  PRODUCE  FLOWERS  IN 
ABUNDANCE     TILL     LATE     IN     AUTUMN. 


THE  NUMEROUS  DELIGHTFUL  ANNUALS— SUCH  AS 
CANDYTUFT,  COREOPSIS,  CLARKIA,  CHRYSAN- 

THEMUM, ESCHSCHOLTZIA,  GODETIA,  LARKSPUR, 
LAVATERA,  LINARIA,  NEMESIA.  NIGELLA,  POPPY. 
SALPIGLOSSIS,         SWAN  RIVER  DAISY,         SWEET 

SULTAN,  CHINA         ASTERS,         STOCKS,        ANCHUSA 

VISCARIA,  AND  OTHER  BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS 
(NOTABLY  ANTIRRHINUMS),  WHICH,  THOUGH  NOT 
STRICTLY  ANNUALS,  CAN  BE  GROWN  IN  THE 
SAME  MANNER— WILL  PRODUCE  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
DISPLAYS  IN  BEDS  AND  BORDERS  .AT  A  MUCH 
SMALLER  OUTLAY,  AND  IN  MUCH  LESS  TIME 
THAN     CAN     BE    OBTAINED     BY    OTHER     MEANS. 


Full  descriptive 

lists  of  all  these  ai 

d  main'  otlier 

choice 

Flowers 

will   be 

found   in 

the    pages  of 

SUTTON'S 

GARDEN 

SEED 

CATALOGUE 

FOR 

1921 

MiMj^K/tScico  I'eedsmen    reading 


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Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press,  55  &  57.  Drury  Lane,  London.  \V.C.2,  and  Published  by  "Country  Life."   LiMtTED,  at  20,  Tavistock  Street.  Strand.  W.C.:^. 

nnd    hv  fipnRfiF:   Nrwnks.    I-imitfii.  fi-11.    Soiithamntfin    Street.    Strand.   \V.C'2. 


\ 


THE 


rloultBral 


IHE   FRUIT  FARM 


POULTRY 


WOODLAND 


.1.  LXXXV.— No.  2564. 

ered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y..  Po'it  Office 


Saturday,  January   8,   1921 


HKGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPE1 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
In'and,    17/4:    Foreign,    17/4 


A    BEAUTIFUL    MOCK    ORANGE 
PHILADELPHUS    MERE    DE    GLACE 


MERRYWEATHER'S    FRUIT   TREES 

Do  not  fail  to  plant  the  following, 

unquestionably  two  of  the  finest  fruits  in  oultivation : 

APPLE — BRAMLEY'S  SEEDLING,  the  finest  proHtable  apple  in  cultivation  ; 
fruit  wonderful  si?e,  skin  lively  green,  changing  to  yellow,  with  bright  red  cheek;  Hesh ' 
firm,  crisp,  sub-acid,  very  juicy,  and  flavour  when  cooked  without  equal.  Will  keep  till 
-May  or  June. 

DAMSON— MERRYWEATHER.  This  has  caused  a  revolution  in  Damsongrow- 
ing.  the  growth  is  very  s  inilar,  and  as  vigorous  as  Victoria  plum.  Unlike  all  Damsons  it 
commences  to  fruit  on  two  or  three  year  old  trees.  The  fruit  is  of  wonderful  size,  and  true 
Damson  flavour.    Could  readily  be  taken  for  a  late  Plum,  until  tasted. 

Send   for    Particulars. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &    SONS,    LTD., 

Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

BEAUTIFUL    POPPIES     for    1921 

SHIRLEY  POPPY,  Selected  Strain,  of  light  graceful  tiabit,  with 
beautiful  satiny  flowers  ranging  in  colour  from  delicate  shades  of  rose, 
apricot,  salmon-pink  and  blush  to  glowing  crimson,  all  with  white  centres, 
hardy  annual,  2ft.     Per  packet,  6d.  and  1/- 

NEW  DOUBLE  QUEEN  POPPIES,  a  lovely  new  double  strain  of 
Shirley  Poppy  type,  flowers  double  and  semi-double  of  the  most  delicate 
and  brilliant  colours — white  with  salmon,  pink,  or  crimson  margin,  orange- 
salmon  shaded  white,  fiery  rose-scarlet  shading  down  to  white,  cherry-red 
shading  to  white,  brilliant  scarlet  with  white  centre,  &c.,  all  showing  yellow 
anthers,  hardy  annual,  2ft.     Per  packet,  ]/-. 

POPPY  "IRRESISTIBLE,"  a  lovely  strain,  producing  large  double 
fringed  flowers,  brilliant  rose  to  blush-rose  and  salmon-rose  with  targe  white 
centre,  hardy  annual,  2ift.     Per  packet,  6d.  and  1/- 

Descripfive  Catalogue  of  other  choice  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application. 

R  A   R  19         iL         ^r>l\l^  11,      12      &     13,       KINQ      STREET, 

'^t^r^r^  ex  ^\^t^^,        COVENT  PARPEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is    cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense    and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens,     Albinos  in  Tvarm  and  coot 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  CO.. 


HARKNESS'S    WONDERFUL    POPPIES 

CRiMSON  VELVET,  matchless  blood  red,  new,  2  6.  ELSIE  VAUGHftN,  silvery 
salmon,  13.  JOAN  PVBUS,  salmon-pink,  distincth  spotted,  1,3.  JOYCE,  rose, 
shaded  mauve,  distinct,  1/-.  Perry's  LORD  LAMBOURNE,  new,  grand  fringed 
scarlet,  2/6.  MAHONV,  peculiar  mahogany  colour,  I  -,  Mrs.  JOHN  HARKNESS, 
magnificent  apricot  -  scarlet,  1/-.  Mrs  PERRY,  lovely  oranj^c-apricot,  ]/-. 
PRINCESS  ENA,  orange  salmon,  very  dainty,  1/-.  PERRY'S  WHITE,  pure  white 
with  black  blotch,  1  -.  REMBRANDT,  red  with  6  attractive  blotches,  1  -.  SIR 
DOUGLAS  HAIG,  brilliant  scarlet,  without  blotch,  grand  novelty,  2'6  ONE 
STRONG  PLANT  EACH  ABOVE,  IS -.  CARRIAGE  PAID.  Those  at  2/6  are  27/6  doz  ■ 
13,    12-  doz.  ;    1/-,    10  6  doz.    CARRIAGE    PAID. 

HARKNESS'S  BIANT  ICELAND  POPPIES,  orange,  white  and  yellow,  flowers  of 
great  size  on  strong  stems,  4  3  doz.,  2.5  -  100.     CARRIAGE  PAID. 

CORRESPONDENCE   INVITED.         CATALOGUES    FREE 

HARKNESS  &  SONS,  F.R.H.S.,  Nurserymen,  &c.,  BEDALE,  YORKSHIRE 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  cS,    io-'i. 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champ'on    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of  England 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY  &  SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST  HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
otall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descript  ve  Cata- 
Ic£u9.  Antirrhinums 
a  Spec'ality. 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWERING     SHRUBS 


R.  &.  G.  CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON  BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,  MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM  &  SON 

NlTRSERIES 

ELSENHAM,  ESSEX 


Gardei  Craftsmen 

Rockvorkcs 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plan'.s 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Roses,    Fruit 
and 

Ornamental 
Trees 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bu<bs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Tv^rton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY  ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


Garden  Sundries 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fum'gants 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 
CHELSEA,  S.W. 


Gladioli  and 
Lilium   List 

Fre}  on  applicatioi 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All   Garden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


CORRY  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultual 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.  BENTLEY.  Ltd. 
Barrow-on-Humber 
HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 
234.  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.i 


XL    ALL 

Trade        Fertilizers  and 
only.  Agricultural 

Manures 


The     New     DESTRUCTOR 

CO.,  Ltd. 
Station  Road,  PERSHORE 


Rubbish 
Destructors 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG  &  CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE    US 


Landscape  and 
Garden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.  WALLACE  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE  WELLS 

HODSON'S,  Ltd. 

s8,Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

Ha\e  severil  good  men  available,  and 
can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Landscape  &   Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Roclt  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show.  i»r.'. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
General 
Landscape 
Work 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  He,\ting 
Southwark St., London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.    42 

Post   Free 


PERPETUAL    CARNATIONS. 

We    have,     for     prompt     delivery,     well  grown 

healthy  stocU. 

Catalogue   free. 

YOUNG  &  Co.,  Hatherley,  Chelfenliain. 

Gold  Medallists.  Estd.  1890. 


PATTISSON'S 
HORSE  (LAWN)   BOOTS 

You  will  need  boots  (or  next  season. 
Why  not  have  your  old  ones  repaired  or  new  ones  made 
NOW,   AND    BE    READY  tor  the   Mowing   Season  ? 

Orders  now  despal  hed  by  return. 
Price  Lisfs  from  the  Manufacturers  : 

H.  PATTISSON  &  CO.,  Streatham  Common,  S.W.16 


GOOSEBERRIES 

Single,    Djuble    and    Triplet    Cordons, 
also  Standards, 

RED     and     WHITE     CURRANTS 

Single  and   Double   Cordons. 

Price  on   iiPPliccJ   ion. 

S.      SPOONER      &      SONS, 

The     Nurseries, 

ESTD.  I3'.;()  Hounslow,  iVIiddiesex. 


Carriage   Free 

At  our 

Risk 


and 


Expense. 


This  is  how  we  offer 
Certified   Class  I 
Perthshire    Grovvn 

RE-SELECTED 

SEED  POTATOES 

Grown  for  SEED  ONLY,  on  our  own  lane 
near  Blairgowrie,  railed  to  LIVERPOOl 
and  re-selected,  ready  for  PROMPT 
DISPATCH  Carriage  Paid,  Bags  Free 
on  orders  of  £1  and  upwards. 


SAFE  DELIVERY  &  SATISFACTION 
GUARANTEED  <.r  CASH  REFUNDED 


Why  Risk 
C  I  rriafie 

Forward  

Offers.  ^^^^"^"^^^"^^^"^^ 

Tlie  following  pota'.oes  are  selected  for  gjod  TABLE  ant 
CROPPING  Qualities,  liut  vie  can  offer  other  varieties  when 
req  tired,  also  quote  for  QUANTITIES  : 

1st.    EARLY.      PRICES       14     28       56  112  1b. 
SUTTON'S  HARBINGER  5  9  10  -    18  6  35 


6  3  11  -  20  6  39  - 
6  9  12/-  22  6  43- 
7|-   12  9  24-    46/- 


SHARPE'S    EXPRESS 

DARGILL    EARLY 
'WITCH    HILL 
2nd.    EARLY 

ARRAN  COMRADE 
t  MAJESTIC 

EDZELL   BLUE 

ORE  AT    SCOT 

KINQ    EDWARD 

LATE  or  MAINCROP. 
IBISHOP  B'St  in  ivcTy  way 
(KERR'S    PINK 

ITINWALD  PERFECTION    5  3     9,'-  16/6  31 
IQOLEN    WONDER  4  6     7,6  13/6  25 

ARRAN    CHIEF  4  3     713  13-24,- 

FACTOR  4373 13- 24- 


6  3  10  9  20  -  38/- 
5  6  9  6  17  6  33  - 
4  6  7  6  13  6  25- 
7  6  13i6  25  - 
83  15,-   28,- 


46 
4/9 


6  6  11  6  21/6  41;- 
4  9     8  6  15,6  29 - 


Varieties  marked  •  are  immune. 
THE     HOUSE     FOR      OUALITV 


Seeds,     Plants,     Manures,     and 

PEST         KILLERS, 

Sprays   and 

or  all  good  thin 

your      Garden 

ment  and  Sports 


KILLERS, 

Sprayers  ^^ 

things  for  ^^ 

en,    Allot-         ^r 
ports.  ^^ 


GARDEN 

SUPPLIES 

LIMITED 

CRANMER  ST. 

LIVERPOOL. 


I,  .JU  J|k  lA*  (^  «A»  t^^  «^  -^^  »U  ^U  *-U  *i»  *t«  «A»  ^U  At  *i»  A  *Ai  *<U  «At  1^^ . 

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

1^   New  Japanese  Varieties  for  1921. 

Ready  1st  week  in  February,  ex  2h  inch  pots. 

Indian   red.  gold   reverse. 


La'-gest    white    to    date. 

R  H.S. 

Large  pearl  pink.     F.C.C. 

F.CC... 


Mrs.  John     Balmer. 

F.i-  C  .   N  C.S 
Norman  Chittenden. 

FCC .    -   C>. A  M 
Helena  Margerison. 

N  (\S. 
Nadine.     E^tru    large    golden    bronze- 
N  C.S. 

The  above  four  varieties  should  he  ip  every 
exhibitor's  stand  this  year,  price  7,6  each, 
the   set  for  25,'-,  two  of  each  lor  47,6 

New  Decorative  Varieties. 

Teresa.     Lovely  bronze  apricot.     F.C.C.  N.C.S., 
A.M..  K.HS.  5/- each.       . 

Estelle.     Larg;  sing'e  variety  ;  colour,  pale  yellow. 

3  6  each. 

Catriona.     A  very  fine  exhibition  single,  rich  old 
ro-e.  with  white  zone.  3/6  each. 

General  Caialogji  •  noiv  ready.  Novelty 
List  ready  e    rly  January,  post  free  from 

KEITH        LUXFORD      &      CO..     ; 

Sheering    Nurseries,    HARLOW,    ESSEX. 

»<^  ^w  *w^  ti^  ««<«  mjSt  «i£*  iiy*  WM  MS*  Mpi  ^<«  *i(w  tiijf*  «^v  «y«  «y)  «i^M  tijft  liiii^  ty*  «y*  • . 


■ 


THE     SHELLEY 
SWEET     PEAS 

LAVENDER.— Austin     Frederick     Imp.     16:      Hawlmai. 

CER'iSE.-Iv  ll.an^  1,6:  Doris  ( Ti'.  6d.  ;  Royal  Salute.  1|ii 
SCARLET  CERISE.— Royal  Scot,  1/6;  A  M.Tlcolm  (IS).  6i: 
PICOTEE  WHITE — Annie  Ireland  (U).  6d.  ;   Elsie  Herber 

('(II.  6d. 
FANCY.-B'ocade  (12).  6d. 
PINK.— H.iwlmarit     Pinli    (Bl.    6d.  ;     Daisybud     (12).    6d 

F.    l>eT-sr,n  (25).  6d. 
CREAM  PINK.-Cecily  ('20).  6d.  ;  Mrs.  A    Hitchcock  (IS).  611 
BLUE. -Mrs.   T.   Jones  (18).  ed.  ;  (dark)  J.   C  jrnwell,   V.( 

HXl.  6d. 
CRIMSON.  -Charity  (  0).  6d.  ;  Mrs.  C.  P.  Tomlin  (2(1)  6d. 
WHITE. -Edna  May  Imp.  (2,=i).6d.  ;  C.  Hint 'n  (2.'5),  6d. 
Full  list  with  Collections  (2  -,  3  -  and  5  -)  post  free. 

T.     H.     DIPNALL,     F.R.H.S., 

The  Shelley  Sweet  Pea  Farm,  nr.  HADLEIQH,  SUFFOLf  , 


January  8,   1921. 


^^r^— • 


GARDEN. 


^p=^\ 


>:^s:^ 


WEBB'S     VEGETABLE      SPECIALITIES.— 

A.v-ir.Uil  PriiuUr  Hoiioms  cvirywhirc.  Wi-bbs'  IListorpioci- 
iiiijon,  1/-  A-  1;6  pkt.;  Wi^bbs'  Selected  Ailsa  Craig  Ouiou, 
1  -  A-  116  pkt. :  Webbs'  Miirrowfat  Parsnip,  lOd.  loz.  ;  Webbs' 
Mammoth  Loiigpod  Broad  Bean.  2/3  pint ;  Webbs'  Champion 
Prize  Leok,  1/-&  1/6  pkt.  ;  Webbs' Conqueror  Tomato,  1/6  pkt.  ; 
Webte'  Everbearins  Cucumber,  1/6  pkt.;  Webbs'  Stourbridge 
Marrow  Pea,  2/Q  pint.  Post  free.  Catalogue  on  request. — 
Webb  A-  Sons,  Limited,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  -ihrub*.  Japanese  Cherries,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects, 
— JOHS  Waieker,  So.ns  a-  Ckisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseries. 
Bag^hot,  Surrey. 


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 

J>EEDS.  Scotch  growu  seed  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND  HERBACEOUS 

I'L-XN'TS,   in   the   new  and  leading   varieties  of   Delphiniums, 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


WATERERS'       FRUIT      TREES.  —  Magni- 

fiot^nt    stock    of    250,000    trees.       Prospective    purchasers    are 
tuvitf^d  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  Nurseries. 


WATERERS'     ROSES.  —  Superb     Stock. 

JOBS  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Twyford,  Berks. 


GREENHOUSE    PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

— ■•  VITROLITE  "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  233.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  pei 
ewt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  & 
SONS.  Grove  Works,  Battersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country 


WELLS'   CHRYSANTHEMUM   CATALOGUE 

\i-}\v    ready.     Post    free    ou    application. — \V.    Wells    &    Co. 
Chrysanthemum  Nurseries,  Merstham,  Surrey. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including  Himalayan   and 

Chine-e  liliododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  REtlTHE,  Keston, 
Kent. 


BOOKS       ON       GARDENING,       BOTANY, 

Natural    History,    Travel,    Sport,    etc.,    for    Sale    at    reduced 
prices.    Lists  free. — F.  G.  LiwsoN,  20,  The  Crescent,  Truro. 


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP    MANURE, 

— The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute     for    Stabli 
mxiiiure.     See  advl.  on  p.  viii. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :    Plants  in  Health 

d  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 

6d.  net,  by  post  8s.     A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 

»ill    b«    sent    post    free    on    application    to     The     JIanager, 

■  COUNTRY     Life,"     Ltd.,     20,     Tavistock     Street,     Covcnt 

i>arden,  W.C.2, 


BURBAGE  ROSES.— Established  1773.     New 

Descriptive  List  of  over  one  thousand  \arieties  with  handsome 
.oloured  plate,  6d.,  post  free. — The  Bciibaqe  Nurseries 
Xc.  Hinckley,  Leicestershire. 


DUCKS,      GEESE      AND      TURKEYS,      by 

Will  Hooley,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
m  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
-'}  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
itrect,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


3PLENDID      YELLOW      FIBROUS      LOAM 

Pure  L«af  .Mould,  Coarse  Sand,  each  5s.  per  sack.     Prepared 

-impost,  6s.  6ct   •  Cocoanut  Fibre,  5s.  6d.  per  sack.     Kalnit,  141b. 

"d.— W.  llEEBERI  &  Co.,  Hop  Exchange,  London,  S.E. 


BARRS'    SEED     GUIDE,     now    ready,  free. 

For  a  Select  List  of  the  best  v.  getal  le  and  Flcwi  r  Sei  ds  of 
finest  Selected  Strains  and  Tfst.d  Growth.  At  the  H.H.S. 
Wisley  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable  Seeds  have  rteeived 
exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality,  many  having  been 
HiglJy  Commended  and  several  given  First-class  Certificates 
and  Awards  of  Merit.— B,»kk  &  Sons,  11,  12  d-  13,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 

THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  tlie  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  1  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogue  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  Od.  and  3s.— J.  DOUGLAS,  Great  Bookham. 

FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2s.  6d.  net ; 
cloth  3s.  6d.  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  '•  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND     FRUITS  : 

with  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  KitchiMi 
Fire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
by  po.st,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "Country  Life," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


SUTTON'S    GARDEN    SEED    CATALOGUE 

for  1921  is  now  ready  and  will  be  forward.-d  on  application. 
Seed  Orders  are  now  being  daily  received  in  large  numbers  and 
immediately  dispatched  by  raU  or  post.  Intending  customers 
are  respectfully  reminded  that  by  sending  in  their  requirements 
as  early  as  possible  they  wiU  materially  assist  in  maintaining 
the  steady  dispatch  of  orders  throughout  the  busy  months  of 
January  and  February.  —  SDTTON  &  SONS.  THE  KING'S 
SEEDSMEN,   READING.  ivi-iu  3 


KELWAY'S    P,ffiONIES.  —  NOW    IS    THE 

TIME  TO  PLANT.  AS  BEAUTIFUL  AS  ROSES  BUT  AS 
HARDY  AS  THE  DOCK.  HAVE  YOU  TRIED  THEM'' 
As  one  walks  through  a  border  of  KELWAY'S  PEONIES 
one  can  easily  imagine  that  they  are  roses — giant  roses — 
their  delicious  scent,  their  creamy-tinted  petals  flushed  with 
pink,  and  their  bright  dark  foliage  are  exceptionally  delightful 
WRITE  TO  KELWAY'S  NOW,  and  procure  strong 
named  plants  for  immediate  planting,  then  you  will  be  rewarded 
with  good  clumps  and  beautiful  blossoms  in  early  summer. 
KELWAY  &  SON,  THE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURISTS, 
LANGPORT,    SOMERSET. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of   Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  I.rf)ndon,  S.W.3.  Wire  :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — WiLLLAM  BeatTIE,  8,  Lower 
Grosvt'uor  Place,  M'<-stminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE    FENCING   for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  archf^^.  espaliers,  rose  stake.-^,  and  orna- 
mental garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  description.  Send 
for  illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BOFLTON  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Slanufacturers,  Norwich. 

CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc..  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application.— J.  W.  Cole  &  SON,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


ROCK 

GARDEN 

PLANTS.- 

-V^^here 

and  in 

What 

Soils  to  Plant  Them 

.     A  useful  guide 

to  garden 

lovers. 

with  catalogue,    48   pages, 

post   free.— G.    R 

Phipps, 

Alpine 

Nursery,  Barnham,  Boguor 

RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Fig's,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  po.sc  free  on  application  — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries.  Sawbridgeworth,  H<Tts. 

WM.    DUNCAN    TUCKER    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Lawrence  Road,  South  Tottenham,  N.15. — Conservatories, 
Winter  Gardens,  Vineries,  Peach  Houses,  Portable  Build- 
ings, etc. 


DOBBIE'S  AUTUMN  LIST  of  Bulbs,    Roses, 

Sweet  Peas,  Vegetable  Seeds,  and  Plants,  post  free.  Also 
List  of  Seed  Potatoes. — DOBBIE  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Royal  Florists, 
Edinburgh. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should   be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication.  "Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S   HERBACEOUS   PLANTS  AND 

ALPINE      RHODODENDRONS      AND      AZALEAS.         New- 
lists  frtv. 


WALLACE'S  LILIES,  TULIPS,  EREMURUS, 

Calochorti,  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  Crocus,  etc.  Our  catalogue 
of  these  is  ready,  free  on  application. — R.  Wallace  A:  Co. 
Ltd.,  The  Old  Gardens,  Tunbridge  Wells. 


FLOWER    POTS.— 10  Sin.,   15  6in.,   15  sin., 

15  4in.,  15  3in..  complete,  packed  free,  15s.  Illustrated 
li^t  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — THOS.  Jeavons,  Potteries.  Brierley 
Hill. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,     SUN- 

DIALS.     NESTING     BOXES.       Catalogue     (No.     4)     free. 
MOORTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook 
is  now  ready.  Price  2s.  6d.  net,  postage  4d.  e.xtra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.'2. 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND      STRAWBERRIES.  New      catalogue,      containing 

novelties,    gratis.        Hints    on    planting    and    pruning,    2d  — 
Laxton  Brothers.  Bedford. 


THE  DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST    FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding. 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid. 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life  "  Ltd.,  20 
Tavistock  Street,   Covent  Garden,   W.C.2. 


CULTIVATION       WITH       MOVABLE 

rR.\MES. — .\  calendar  of  operations  showing  how  to  increase 
your  garden  produce,  by  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The 
Garden),  9d.  net ;  by  post  lid. — Published  at  the  Ofllces 
of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied. 
Vanguard.  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipes. 
Joints,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free. — THOMAS  JEAVOSS, 
Silver  Street  Works,  Brierley  Hill. 


McDOUGALL'S     WINTER      WASH.  —  Un- 

rivalled  for  cleansing  fruit  trees  from  moss  and  lichen  ;  also 
destroys  fungoid  spores  hibernating  insects,  and  effectively 
checks  the  terrible  ravages  of  canker.  1  gall,  drums,  to 
make  80  gall,  wash,  13s.  6d.  each  ;  quarts,  4s.  6d. ;  pints, 
2s.  9d.  From  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.  Send  for 
special  leaflet. — MCDougall  Beos.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street, 
Manchester. 


McDOUGALL'S    « FUMERS "    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "Sheets"  for  greenhouse  fumigation;  safe,  clfective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
McDouGALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  .Street,  Jlanchester. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS      SPECIALITY. 


List 


free. — TERRY  LEE,  16,  Morden  Boad,  Stechfonl,  Birmingham. 


FIDLER'S    NEW    ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  NOW 
READY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  Fidler  &  Sons,  Royal 
Berkshire  Seed  Stores,  Reading. 


TUCKER'S     ALPINES.— Primula  Juliae 

(clumps),  1/-;  Venzoi,  1/-;  Winteri  (very  strong),  10/6; 
farinosa,  9d.  ;  Pentstemon  Da\id.soni,  3/6  ;  Androsace  brigan. 
tinea,  1/-;  Halleri,  1/6;  araehnoidea.  1/-;  pyrcnaica,  1/S; 
Watklnsi,  9d. ;  Sempervivoides,  1/-. — R.  Tucker  and  Sons, 
Nurserymen,  Oxford. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


//zy>{je^  you  ^  a 


''-^: 


Ryders  Seeds 

foi*  1921 

RYDERS  are  poatinji  their 
Catalogue  for  1921  on  the  1st 
January,  and  all  regular  cus- 
tomers will  receive  a  copy  by  January 
15th.  The  issue  is  a  very  large  on*', 
and  it  takes  a  fortnight  to  post  it. 
If  by  any  chance  you  have  not 
received  your  copy  by  the  middle 
of  January,  please  send  for  one. 
Th  best  C:.  talc  .'u.-i  hat  Kydera  have 
ever  issued,  t'ull  ot  useful  informa- 
tion, handsomely  illustrated  with 
well  over  100  pictures  in  colour  and 
black  and  white  and  containing  the 
fullest  possible  list  of  seeds  for  both 
flower  and  kitchen  garden.  All  s  t^ds 
guaranteed  to  be  of  tlie  hi:;liest 
Ryder  pn'-war  standard— ttt«T''  can 
be  nothing  better.  All  seeds  at 
Ryders  Popular  Prices. 

A  post  Lard  will  do,  but  write  and 
post  it  to-dav. 

RYDERS 

Acfd   Di-partment  No.  11 

ST.    ALBANS. 

(Eydcr&  Son  (1920),  Ltd.) 


[January   8,    1921. 


JANUARY 


^'.  A  LL  gardeners  should  now 
'4;  "^  set  busy  with  Canary 
:'.^<  Guano,  which  is  a  food  for 
:.*-  all  plant  life.  The  soil 
J  between  Strawberry  Beds 
should  be  dressed  with 
Canary  Guano.  It  does  not  "  burn."  Atten- 
tion should  also  be  given  to  Cabbages. 
Onions.  Rhubarb,  all  Herbaceous  Plants. 
Ornamental  Shrubs  and  the  Lawn.  Cana-y 
Guano  is  the  ideal  f  rrilizer  for  renovating 
worn  lawns  and  it  will  have  the  effect  of  im- 
proving the  quality  of  the  grasses  and  produc- 
ing a  healthy  growth  for  the  coming  season. 

Cuano 

Obtainable  from  all  Seed  men  in  Cartons,  1/-  each. 
Bans  7  lb..  3/6  ;  4  lb..  6/  •  ;  28  lb..  11/-  ;  56  lb.  19/-: 
1  cwt.,  35/-,  or  direct  from  the  makers. 

Wrfte^io-day   foT^FREE " liOOfiLET 
No.    11  containing   full   Particulars    of 
Canary   (Itiiinn.  ivith  Ga  dun  Diary  for 
year,  fiostfree 


on  appiicat. 


HUNDREDS    OF    PREMIER    HONOURS 

Awarded    to    the    PRODUCE    OF    WEBBs'    SEEDS,    including    in 

1920  Silver  Cups  at    London,  National  Sweet  Pea  Show,  and  H.M. 

The    King's    £21    Cup.       Large    Gold    Medals    at    Shrewsbury  ; 

National  Potato  Show  ;    National  Sweet  Pea  Show  ;    Wolverhampton  ; 

Birmingham  ;  Oxford ;  Walsall,  etc. 


WEBBS'  CATALOGUE  of  Vegetable  and  Flower 
Seeds,  Lawn  Seeds,  Potatoes,  Bulbs,  Fertilisers, 
etc.,  for  1921,  Now  Ready.      Post  Free  on  request. 

WEBB    &    SONS,    LTD.   (The  Kings  Seedsmen)   STOURBRIDGE 


PEARSON'S 

SELECTED 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

ANTIRRHINUrvIS  are  one  of  the  best  bedding 
subjects  which  can  be  raised  from  seed.  The 
following  is  our  extra  select  List. 


I'.T  pkt,- 
Antirrhinum  majus.     Beautiful  mixed  colours 

2ft.  to  3ft. 

—  —  best  crinisou ,  . 
best  white 

—  —  best  yellow    .  , 

—  nanum.     In  height  between  Majus  and  Tom 

Thumb.     Mixid  colours.  . .  18  in. 

—  —  Amber  Queen.      Canary  yellow  overlaid 

ehamoi?^  pink 

—  —  Black  Prince.     Intensely  dark  crimson  . . 
Carmine   Queen.      Deep  rich  carmine, 

qu  te  distinct 
~  —  Cottage   Maid.     Pale  pink,  with  white 
throat 

—  —  Crimson  King.     The  best  of  this  class 

of  colour       .  .  18  ni. 

—  —  Flame.     Lovely   brilliant  orange  scarlet 

—  -  -  Pink  Qem  (.Vew).    CItar  rose  pink,  white 

throat   "  15  in. 

—  —  Rose   Dore.     Beautiful  salmon  rose,  the 

b''st  pink 

—  —  The  Bride.     The  finest  white  semi-dwarf 

variety  18  in. 

—  —  Yellow  Qem  (New).     Rich  deep  golden 

yellow 

—  —  Yellow   Queen.     One  of  the  very  best 

yellows  .  .  . .  , .  .  .    20  in. 

—  Tom  Thumb.     Dwarf  strain,  finest  ni-xed 

9  to  12  in 

—  —  —  best  crimson 

best  white 

—  best  yellow 


J.  R.  PEARSON  &  SONS, 

Estab.  1782.   LOWDH AM,  NOTTS. 


^»^ 


No.   2564.— Vol.   LXXXV. 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[Janu.ary  8,  1921. 


n"  week  our  issue  was  specially 
devoted  to  the  revival  in  the 
cultivation  of  annuals  and  the 
restoration  of  the  flower  garden, 
fn  no  hobby  or  profession  is  it  so 
necessary  to  look  well  ahead  and  make 
plans  for  the  future  as  in  gardening,  and 
the  wise  gardener  knows  better  than  to 
neglect  this  important  task.  With  this 
thought  in  mind  our  next  issue  will  be 
chiefly  devoted  to  plans  for  the  right  use 
of  annuals.  Recognising  as  we  do  the 
necessity  for  the  cultivators  of  flowers, 
fruits  and  '^vegetables,  to  have  the  best 
information  possible,  we  shall  publish 
from  time  to  time  special  articles  by 
uxiters  of  wide  practical  experience.  Every 
department  of  horticulture  is  represented 
in  The  Garden,  and  the  Editor  invites 
readers  to  express  their  views  on  gardening 
matters  and  send  in  questions  upon  whicli 
they  wish  advice  from  acknowledged 
authorities.  Gardening,  of  all  arts  and 
hobbies,  lends  itself  to  mutual  co-opera- 
tion. We  hope,  therefore,  that  reader.'i 
also  will  give  enquirers  the  benefit  of 
their  knowledge  and  experience. 

Philadelphus    Mere    de    Glace. — The    spray. 

illustrated  on  the  front  cover  of  this  issue,  was  cut 
from  a  beautiful  Mock  Orange  with  large  doubli 
white  fiowers.  borne  on  long  slender  shoots  of 
gi'aceful  arching  habit.  For  cut-flower  work  it  is 
most  valuable,  but  should  be  of  sufficient  length 
so  as  to  retain  their  naturalness.  With  fresh 
open  flowers  and  a  fair  proportion  of  buds  it  makes 
a  lovely  vase  study  and,  like  all  the  double  \'arieties. 
lasts  longer  than  the  singles,  which  droop  quickly 
Houle  de  N'eige  is  a  similar  variety,  but  has  much 
larger  flowers,  though  less  numerous.  Among  the- 
many  kinds  of  Philadelphus  growing  at  Grayswond 
are  one  or  two  very  tine  varieties  of  grandiflorus,  one 
has  blooms  of  very  large  size  in  trusses  ;  another 
though  large  flowered,  his  fewer  on  the  shoots. 
There  is  also  a  fine  bush  of  P.  hirsutus,  the  llowcr 
solitary  and  very  pretty,  but  of  no  value  for  indoor 
decoration.  The  name  M4re  de  Glace  was  taken 
from  the  garden  register  kept  by  the  late  Mr. 
Chambers,  who  was  most  particular  in  recording 
the  names  and  interesting  matter  concerning  the 
many  rare  and  beautiful  trees  and  shrubs  planted 
by  himself  in  the  gardens  at  Grayswood.  Haslemere. 
Hypericum  repens. — Between  H.  repens  and 
H.  reptans  there  is  apt  to  be  confusion,  and 
the  species  which  bears  the  latter  distinguish- 
ing title,  being  the  better  known  and  the  finer 
plant  of  the  two,  is  liable  not  only  to  outshine 
the  subject  of  this  note  but  to  supplant  it.  Thus, 
if  one  asks  a"  do/.en  aver.ige  amateur  rock  gardener-; 
if  they  have  got  H.  repens,  nine  or  ten  of  them 
will  assuredly  point  out  H.  reptans  !     The  former  is 


a  fine-leaved,  Heath-like  creeper  with  green 
foliage,  without  a  shade  of  glaucous  hue  visible 
to  the  ordinary  eye.  It  is  a  moderately  vigorous 
grower  in  warm,  free  soil,  sprawling  about  much  like 
an  alpine  Phlox,  but  instead  of  bearing  its  flowers 
on  these  prostrate,  woody  trailers,  it  shoots  up  erect 
flower-spikes  to  a  height  of  8  inches  or  9  inches. 
The  flowers,  which  open  in  succession,  several  at 
a  time,  are  about  i  inch  or  more  in  diameter 
and  of  a  rich  yellow.  H.  repens  is  easily  propa- 
gated, all  that  is  necessary  being  to  snap  off  a  few 
of  the  creeping  branches  in  the  later  summer  and 
lay  them  in  on  a  cool,  shady  border.  They  will 
strike  like  Willow. — A.  T.  J.  ^  i| 

A  Flower  that  Likes  Shade.— The  Rose  of 
Sharon  or  Hypericum  is  one  of  the  few 
flowering     plants     that     will     thrive     under     the 


A      NEW     ROSE     OF     SHARON     (HYPERICUM 
PATULUM    HENRY  I). 

sliade  of  trees.  It  will  make  a  dense  crop  of 
greenery  over  the  ground  right  up  to  the  tree 
trunks.  In  recent  years  a  number  of  new  shrubby 
ftypericums  have  been  introduced,  one  of  the 
very  best  being  H.  patulum  Henryi,  named  after 
Professor  Henry,  who  introduced  it  into  this 
country  from  China.  It  is  an  excellent  subject 
for  English  gardens,  being  perfectly  hardy  and 
flowering  well  in  half-shady  places.     The  flowers 


are  bright  yellow  3  inches  or  +  inches  across.  The 
first  flowers  in  my  garden  opened  last  July,  and  the 
plants  have  only  just  finished  blossoming  after 
being  beautifully  in  flower  for  quite  ten  weeks. 
One  of  the  charms  of  the  shrubby  Hypericums  is 
that  they  flower  when  comparatively  few  shrubs 
are  in  bloom.  In  order  to  increase  these  plants 
cuttings  should  be  taken  now  and  dibbled  into 
pots  of  sandy  soil  in  gentle  heat  — H.  C. 

Rose  Dorothy  Perkins. — This  charming  pink 
Rambler  Rose  will  spread  its  branches  over 
a  trellis  or  fence  or  grow  as  a  weeping 
standard,  and  in  either  form  it  provides  a 
picture  of  beauty.  The  illustration  oji 
page  If)  demonstrates  in  a  remarkable  manner 
the  decorative  and  free-growing  properties  of  this 
Rose,  and  at  the  same  time  proves  its  suitability 
for  covering  a  house.  The  general  system  of 
pruning  the  Wichm-aiana  Roses,  to  which  gioup 
Dorothy  Perkins  belongs,  is  to,  each  year,  as  soon 
,is  the  blooms  have  faded,  cut  out  the  old  flowering 
rods  and  retain  those  young  ones  that  are  always 
produced  from  the  base  of  a  healthy  plant ;  but 
'vidently  this  may  be  modified,  as  much  of  the 
iild  wood  has  been  retained  in  the  plants  shown 
m  the  illustration. 

A  Useful  Berried  Siirub.— .At  this  season  of 
the  year  any  berry-bearing  plant  is  very  useful 
lither  for  decoration  in  the  house  or  garden. 
Ruscus  aculeatus,  the  common  Butcher' s  Broom, 
is  one  of  the  most  useful  for  this  purpose  ;  its 
large  red  berries  are  very  conspicuous.  It  will 
thrive  in  almost  any  position  and  is  an  excellent 
-ubject  for  planting  imder  trees  ;  being  doeicious, 
it  is  essential  that  one  or  two  male  plants  should 
be  mixed  with  the  berry-bearing  one. 

Action     Against     GJasgow     Corporation.— .\ 

case  of  considerable  importance  to  corporations 
and  other  public  bodies  owning  botanic  gardens 
is  at  present  before  the  Scottish  Courts.  Some 
children  were  in  the  playground  of  the  Glasgow- 
Botanic  Garden,  which  adjoins  the  enclosure  for 
plants  for  botany  students  They  picked  some 
berries  from  a  plant  in  this  enclosure  which  proved 
to  be  Atropa  Belladonna,  and  several  became  sick, 
one  dying  next  morning  The  father  of  the  boy 
who  died  brought  an  action  for  £500  against  the 
Corporation  of  Glasgow,  but  the  Judge  in  the 
Outer  House  dismissed  the  action.  The  Inner 
Division  has  recalled  his  decision  and  approved 
of  the  issue  for  a  trial  by  jury.  Lord  Salveen  was 
of  opinion  that  the  Judge  in  the  Outer  House 
was  right,  but  the  other  three  Judges  took  the  view 
that  the  case  should  go  before  a  jury. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENT. 

January  11. — ^The  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Show  at  Westminster. 


16 


THE     Gx\RDEN. 


[January  8,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 

The  Editor  is  not    responsible    for    Ihe    opinions 
expressed  by  correspondents.) 


lONOPSIDIUM    ACAULE. 

T  HAVE  lately  been  struck  by  the  attractive- 
ness of  this  little  plant  in  the  rock  garden  at 
Wisley.  The  clear,  violet  tinged  blue  of  its 
numerous  flowers  is  particularly  effective  at  a 
time  when  there  is  little  to  break  the  monotony 
of  the  season.  On  a  misty  December  morning  two 
plants  stand  out  pre-eminently — Cheiranthus 
Allionii,  glowing  like  a  beacon  from  a  prominent 
rock,  and  a  group  of  the  Violet  Cress  lighting 
up  a  quiet  corner  with  a  constellation  of  little 
stars.  Two  other  points  in  its  favour  are  its 
hardiness  and  the  ease  with  which  it  can  be  moved. 
We  recently  had  53°  of  frost  in  three  days  (two  of 
20°  and  one  of  r3°).  but  when  it  was  over  the  stars 
were  still  shining.  A  plant  in  full  flower  may,  if 
desired,  be  moved  to  a  more  effective  position  and 
it  will  not  notice  the  difference. — A.  E.  S 

BOTAN\"    FROM    A   CHAR-A-BANCS. 

T  AM  interested  in  "  Somers'  "  "  Botany  from  a 
Char-i-Bancs "  in  your  issue  of  Decem- 
ber 25,  1920.  West  Cornwall  is  not  the  best 
part  of  the  Duchy  for  wild  flowers  until  you  g,el 
to  St.  Erth,  where  wild  Columbines  abound  in 
the  railway  cuttings  and  Cowslips  star  the  fields 
to  St.  Ives.  Between  Truro  and  Newquay  the 
flowers  are  wonderful.  I  know  a  wood  where 
Orchis  and  other  native  flowers  follow  one  another 
through  the  year  in  profusion,  and  where  Osraunda 
and  other  Ferns  luxuriate.  The  hedges  between 
Truro  and  Newquay  on  the  quieter  parish  roads 
are  covered  with  wild  Roses.  In  East  Cornwall 
the  Primroses  grow  in  profusion,  and  on  the  slopes 
below  Boskenna,  not  far  from  Lamorna,  they 
cover  the  ground.  Wood  Anemones  grow  on 
bleak  Castleandinas,  above  Gulval,  Penzance — 
much  as  the  Sea  Pinks  do  on  the  Scottish  moun- 
tains— without  rhyme  or  reason.  I  should  like 
•"  Somers  "  to  see  the  Burnet  Roses  on  the  cliffs 
at  Watergate,  near  Newquay  ;  but  as  I  am  writing 
entirely  about  spring  and  summer  flowers  and  he 
about  autumn,  I  feel  I  must  not  further  trespass 
an  your  time. — -Frances  Bolitho,  Trewidden, 
Buryas  Bridge,  Cormmll. 

TULIP    TREES. 

T^HE    note    on    the    Tulip     Tree     at     Sidholme, 

Sidmouth,   in    The    Garden,    December  11, 

1920,  page  608,  did  not  give  a  fair  idea  of  the  size 

of  this  remarkable  specimen.     There   are  two  at 

Cobham   Hall,    Kent,    which,    if   not    the   largest, 

are    among    the    largest    in    Britain.     They    were 

planted  late  in  the  eighteenth   century  or  about 

1780.     They    are    approximately     70    feet    high, 

but   are  not   equal  to   the   Sidholme   example   in 

spread  of  branches  or  so  floriferous.     It   is  quite 

hardy  in  the  north,  given  a  slieltered  site.     One  at 

Linnburn   Gareloch  on  the  Clyde,   planted  about 

i860,   is  now,   I   understand   (though  some   years 

since  I  saw  it),  approximately  40  feet  high  and  very 

healthy.        Another     remarkable      example      still 

survives  at  the  Friary,  Aylesford,  but  is  decaying. 

Its  age  is  said  to  be  quite  200  years.     There  were 

some  remarkable   Tulip   Trees  in   Windsor   Park, 

near    Cumberland    Lodge,    but    have    just    been 

informed  by  a  native  that  one  of  the  finest  has 

disappeared.     The      Liriodendron      is     somewhat 

difficult   to   transplant  ;     nursery   examples  often 

fail  through  inadequate  preparation  when  planting. 

Its  timber  is  valuably  and  is  commonly  known  as 

American  White  Wood. — Hurstcot. 


BLUE    LEGS. 

XSrHILE  Mushrooms  generally  have  been  very 
scarce  this  autumn,  in  Gloucestershire  the 
crop  of  the  Mushroom  locally  known  as  Blue 
Legs  (Agaricus  personatus)  has  been  enormous. 
The  shops  which  deal  in  them  have  had  their 
windows  full  for  months  past.  These  Mushrooms 
are  very  popular  with  the  working  classes,  and 
are  consumed  in  great  quantities.  There  is 
certainly  a  prejudice  against  the  Blue  Leg, 
and  plenty  of  people  will  not  eat  them,  but  its 
somewhat  peculiar  flavour  has  a  great  charm 
for  others.  One  man's  meat  is  often  another 
man's  dinner,  and  a  great  admirer  of  this 
particular  delicacy  told  me  he  could  get  nothing 
else  that  so  nearly  resembled  fried  kidney.  This 
Mushroom  has  an  attractive  appearance  when 
young  and  fr  sh.  Its  cup  is  like  a  white  kid 
glove,  the  gills  pale  brown  and  the  thick  stems 
stained  with  violet.  This  colouring  is  much  more 
pronoimced  in  some  specimens  than  others, 
sometimes  developing  into  regular  violet  purple 
stems.  As  it  grovre  older  it  becomes  of  a 
uniform  pale  brown  colour  not  very  appetising 
to  look  on.  It  is  largely  used  for  making 
ketchup. — J.  P. 

THE    GOLDEN   CHANTARELLE. 

You  like  the  Mushroom  passing  well. 
But   I,   with  daimtless  courage  cry 
"  Give  me  the  Golden  Chantarelle  !  " 

When,  summoned  by  the  breakfast  bell. 
Most  fragrant  odours  wander  nigh. 
You  like  the  Mushroom  passing  well. 

I  plead,  although  you  strive  to  quell 
This  passion  of  my  tongue  and  eye, 
"  Give   me   the   Golden  Chantarelle." 

You  can  the  fruiterer  compel 

Your  small  requirements  to  supply — 

You  like  the   Mushroom  passing  well. 

Though  tempting  fruits  he  hath  to  sell, 

He  cannot  help  me  when  I  sigh 

"  Give  me  the  Golden  Chantarelle  !  " 

So  I,  and  hence  this  vilanelle, 
Must  gather  fungi  while  you  buy. 
You  like  the  Mushroom  passing  well — 
Give  me  the  Golden  Chantarelle  .' 

Gladys  Echlin. 

THE    HARDINESS    OF    BUDDLELV 

ASIATICA 

T  SEE  that  enquiries  are  made  as  to  the  hardiness 
of  Buddleia  Asiatica.  The  Riviera  has  just 
been  visited  by  a  very  sudden  and  severe  frost, 
as  much  as  7°  and  even  9'^  below  freezing.  In 
consequence  untold  damage  has  been  done  and 
nothing  survives  that  is  not  hardy.  Buddleia 
auriculata  is  untouched,  but  B.  asiatica  is  killed 
to  the  ground,  as  is  the  case  with  nearly  every- 
thing, so  clearly  B.  asiatica  cannot  be  recom- 
mended to  planters  in  England.  Of  all  the  host 
of  beautiful  winter-blooming  Salvias  the  old  Salvia 
coccinea  is  alone  untouched,  and  S.  Cham^edrifolia 
which  clothes  the  stem  of  a  Pritchardia  Palm  has 
the  ends  of  its  shoots  killed,  but  the  flowering 
shoots  most  in  shelter  have  escaped.  Travellers 
who  come  out  this  winter  wiU  find  the  gardens 
bare,  and  the  Eucalyptus,  Orange  and  Lemon 
trees  all  more  or  less  injured  or  the  foliage  destroyed. 
It  is  sad  to  see  the  wreck  of  the  market  gardens, 
which  must  cause  much  suffering  to  the  growers. 
What  almost  makes  the  visitation  more  annoying 
is  that  the  cold  wave  hardly  lasted  twenty-four 
hours!— E.   H.   W. 


THE     EPLMEDIUMS     IN     WINTER. 

'T'HE  Epimediums,  or  Barrenworts,  have  numerous 
charms  in  spring,  when  their  prettily  formed 
and  coloured  flowers  adorn  the  plants,  but  they 
are  not  devoid  of  ch?rm  in  winter  when  the 
beautifully  shaped  and  arranged  leaves  are  so 
finely  tinted  with  bronze.  At  this  time  they  come 
in  well  for  mingling  with  cut  flowers,  and  even  later, 
when  the  Snowdrops  are  in  flower,  a  few  of  these 
arranged  among  the  Epimedium  leaves  make  a 
pretty  table  decoration  when  many  other  things 
are  unobtainable.  All  the  Barrenworts  are  valuable 
for  this,  but  the  large  leaved  species,  such  as  the 
yellow-flowered  E.  pinnatum  and  E.  perralderianum 
are  specially  valuable  because  of  their  more  robust 
growth  and  larger  leaves.  It  is  only  fair  to  say, 
however,  that  the  culling  of  the  old  foliage  is 
rather  detrimental  to  the  flowering  of  the  plants 
in  spring  and  that  the  tender  young  leaves  at  that 
season  run  greater  risks  of  being  injured  by  spring 
frosts  than  when  the  old  foliage  is  left  on  as  a 
natural  protection.  But  we  cannot  have  every- 
thing and  we  must  balance  the  question  of  winter 
leaves  and  spring  bloom.  We  may  have  plants 
enough  for  both.  By  the  way,  the  Epimediums 
are  good  shade-loving  plants  and  do  well  under 
deciduous  trees. — S.  A. 

SPARTIUM    JUNf:EUM. 

'T'HE  useful  cultural  notes  on  the  Spanish  Broom, 
or  Switch  Plant,  by  Mr.  Leslie  Greening 
(page  609)  prompt  a  remark  or  two  from  one 
who  has  so  often  seen  it  growing  in  its  native 
arid  home  on  the  Mediterranean  seaboard  and 
foothills  adjoining.  A  very  widely  spread  Southern 
European  shrub,  it  extends  in  France  as  far  north 
as  Lyons,  and  is  found  in  Western  Asia,  in  North 
Africa  and  as  far  west  as  the  Canary  Isles.  But 
what  I  want  to  emphasise  is  its  strange  time  of 
flowering  in  cultivation  in  the  South  of  England. 
Mr.  Greening  mentions  that  it  remains  in  bloom 
for  a  very  long  period  from  July  "  almost  until 
autumn."  I  have  sometimes  seen  it  blooming 
until  well  after  Christmas  in  Sussex,  Somerset 
and  elsewhere.  A  week  ago  a  bush  was  in  full 
bloom  in  the  boys'  gardens  at  Sidcot  School, 
Somerset,  and  another  at  Clifton.  But  in  the 
South  of  France  and  in  Italy  its  time  of  flowering 
is  from  May  to  July.  Why  is  this  ?  It  reminds 
one  of  other  plants  imported  into  England  which 
blossom  e-Mlier  than  in  their  warmer  and  drier 
native  land.  But  in  the  case  of  Spartium  the 
flowering  is  late,  very  late.  I  can  offer  no  explana- 
tion, but  should  like  to  know  if  the  curious  structure 
of  this  plant  is  not  the  cause  ?  On  the  French 
and  Italian  Riviera  its  almost  naked.  Rush-like 
branches  have  a  few  small,  simple,  deciduous 
leaves  which  persist  only  a  short  period  in  the 
spring.  Later  and  during  the  remainder  of  the 
year  the  twigs  are  bare,  and  the  cylindrical  shoots 
look  like  the  leaves  of  a  big  Rush  (hence  its  Latin 
name  junceum).  It  is  one  of  many  plants  of  hot, 
dry  countries  which  substitute  for  the  tender 
tissue  of  a  leaf  some  tougher  organ  supplied  with 
chlorophyll  which  is  better  able  to  resist  the  sun. 
Among  such  plants  may  be  mentioned  the  Butcher's 
Broom  (Ruscus),  which  has  flattened  branches, 
or  cladodes,  instead  of  leaves  ;  the  Opuntias  and 
Cacti ;  many  Acacias,  which  have  only  phyllodes  ; 
and  the  beautiful  blue  Aphyllanthes.  The 
tendency  in  dry,  hot  countries  is  for  the  leaves  of 
most  plants  to  be  small  and  narrow,  and  especially 
are  those  of  the  woody  ones  often  reduced  to  mere 
spines  or  needles.  The  leaf  of  a  typical  Mediter- 
ranean shrub  caimot  do  as  much  work  for  the 
plant  as  an  ordinary  English  shrub  during  the 
same  period  ;  but  this  is  compensated  for  by  the 
fact  that  it  is  able  to  work  during  the  whole  year 


January  S,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


17 


instead  oi  during  the  summer  months  only.  The 
leaves  of  many  Southern  European  plants  are 
evergreen  and  of  close  texture,  with  a  thick  water- 
tight covering  which  protects  them  from  too  great 
loss  of  water  by  evaporation.  But  Spartium  and 
Calycotome,  a  very  spiny  leguminous  shrub 
often  growing  with  the  former  in  the  maquis 
(dense  thickets  of  shrubs,  mostly  everpreen, 
well  known  in  Corsica  and  Provence)  have  green 
stems  which  do  the  work  of  leaves  during  the 
winter.  I  have  never  noticed  if  the  small  linear 
eaves  of  Spartium  are  more  developed  in  England 
and  whether  they  remain  longer  before  falling. 
The  large  yellow  Bowers  are  curious  in  their 
mechanism  for  fertilisation.  The  lower  petals, 
united  into  a  keel,  are  furnished  with  a  special 
spring,  which  is  such  that  under  vertical  pressure, 
e.g.,  the  weight  of  a  bee,  the  keel  suddenly  drops 
and  the  pollen  is  thrown  into  the  air  In  Italy, 
at  Pentecost  and  certain  other  feasts, 
newly  gathered  flowering  shoots  of  S. 
junccum  are  sometimes  strewn  on  the 
pavement  where  the  j^rocessions  pass, 
— H.  Sti'art  Thompso.v. 

YELLOW  SPANISH    BROOM  .4ND 
A   HYBRID   CLEMATIS. 

A  NOTE  of  well  deserN'ed  praise  of  the 
Yellow  Spanish  Broom  was  lately 
given  in  The  Garden  (page  609)  but  there 
is  no  mention  of  the  size  of  the  most 
fully  grown  specimens,  A  plant  here 
(South-west  Surrey)  has  shot  up  to  a 
surprising  height  among  some  Hollies, 
and  every  year,  as  it  grows  older  and 
taller,  appears  to  be  fuller  of  bloom. 
It  has  now  attained  a  height  of  19  feet. 
.\  plant  of  the  hybrid  Clematis  (Vitalba 
X  Davidiana),  that  seems  to  come  sponta- 
neously in  other  gardens  as  well  as  in 
mine,  runs  up  into  it,  and  the  masses  of 
whitish  bloom,  some  of  them  wreathing 
the  Broom  and  some  the  Holly,  put 
the  whole  thing  together  into  a  charming 
picture, — G,  J. 

GENTIANA     PNEUJIONANTHE. 

T  HAVE  been  much  interested  in  the 
correspondence  relating  to  this, 
one  of  our  most  conspicuous  wild 
flowers.  It  is  some  years  since  I  found 
it  throwing  up  its  lovely  blue  flowers 
above  the  Heather  at  the  back  of 
Bournemouth  and  on  visiting  the  same 
spot  a  year  or  two  later  still  found  it 
there.  My  dried  specimens  mostly  have 
single  flowers,  but  one  has  two  flowers 
on  the  stem.  Although  so  close,  I 
cannot  hear  of  any  plant  being  found 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  It  is  interesting 
to  learn  that  it  is  found  in  so  many  counties  on 
the  mainland. — C.  Orchard,  Smoglaitds  Collage, 
Bcmhridge,  Isle  0/  Wight. 

COTONEASTER     MICROPHYLLA 
GL.\CIALIS. 

y^PROPOS  of  the  notes  on  the  Cotoneasters,  1 
have  here  a  rockwork  mound  practically 
covered  with  this  one.  Unfortunately  although  it 
flowers  well  here,  it  never  fruits,  and  this  is  a  great 
disappointment.  The  mound  presents  every  variety 
of  exposure,  but  neither  in  sun  nor  shade,  nor  even 
in  partial  shade  does  this  species  fruit.  C.  hori- 
zontalis  beside  it  always  fruits  very  freely.  Yet  I 
would  not  like  to  be  without  C.  congesta  (for  such  I 
prefer  to  call  it  rather  than  by  the  cumbrous 
name  which  is  its  correct  designation),  which  is 
pretty  at  every  season  by  reason  of  its  habit  and 
small  leaves,  but  is  especially  pleasing  when  it  is 


freely  starred  with  its  myriads  of  1  ittle  flowers,  which, 
in  my  form  are  white,  not  pink,  as  on  some  plants 
It  is  then  particularly  pleasing.  It  is  a  good  plant 
for  covering  a  mound  as  its  prostrate  branches  soon 
root  as  they  grow  along. — S.    Arxott.  Diim'iii<. 

PETASITES     ALBUS. 

\A7HEN  the  flower  heads  of  Petasites  albus  are 
favoured  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  with 
somewhat  open  weather  their  expanded  white 
flowers  make  a  fine  show.  I  knew  one  place 
where  a  large  number  of  spikes  adorned  a  sloping 
bank  bordering  the  woodland.  Snowdrops  also 
found  a  place  on  the  bank,  and  the  combination 
was  quite  good,  as  both  were  in  bloom  together. 
One  year  a  fine  start  was  made  by  the  Petasites 
in  January  with  every  promise  for  a  good  display 
of  flowers ;  but,  alas  !  the  weather  conditions 
in  the  following  month    rather   upset    these    early 


THE    HYBRID    CLEMATIS    (VITALBA    X    DAVIDIANA) 

expectations,  many  of  the  flowers  being  spoiled. 
Petasites  albus,  the  white-flowered  Butter  Binr. 
is  evidently  not  a  native,  but  the  Rev.  C.  A. 
Johns  in  his  "  1-Towers  of  the  Field  "  points  out 
that  it  has  become  naturalised  in  shrubberies  in 
Scotland. — D.  .\rmstroxg. 

WATER     LILIES     AND     TABLE 
DECORATION. 

/~)F  late  there  has  been  a  vogue  for  pulling  the 
heads  of  flowers  off  their  stalks  and  floating 
them  in  bowls  placed  on  the  table.  It  is  a  practice 
that  strikes  one  as  more  infantile  than  Bolshevist. 
It  may  be  fashionable,  but  is,  nevertheless,  in- 
artistic, and  it  can  never  appeal  to  any  true 
lover  of  plants,  for  there  is  great  be.auty  not  only 
in  the  flowers  thenxselves,  but  also  in  the  stenvs, 
branches  and  leaves  ;  further,  the  natural  poise 
of  the  blossom  and    its    surroundings    adil   much 


to  its  loveliness  and  grace.  A  short  time  ago 
an  illustrated  description  appeared  showing 
how  Dahlia  flowers  were  to  be  decapitated 
and  floated  in  a  bowl,  when,  it  was  stated,  they 
would  resemble  Water  Lilies.  It  is  strange  that 
there  should  be  people  who  desire  to  make  a 
Dahlia  resemble  a  Water  Lily  ;  but,  then,  there 
are  those  who  clip  a  dog's  coat  to  make  it  resemble 
a  lion,  or  carry  a  monogram  on  its  back,  and 
whose  one  slave  is  fashion.  The  mention  of  the 
Water  Lily  brings  me  to  the  point.  In  a  little 
cement  tank  that  I  made,  is  the  Nymphxa  pygma;a, 
and  this  was  a  pretty  feature  of  the  garden  last 
year.  The  flowers  are  only  about  il  inches 
over,  and  the  petals  are  as  white  as  driven 
snow,  with  a  rich  orange  centre.  The  leaves  are 
only  about  2  inches  across,  and  the  whole  plant, 
which  flourishes  in  a  small  pot  standing  in  water 
4  inches  in  depth,  is  but  i  foot  in  diameter. 
This  pigmy  Water  Lily  could  well  be 
placed  in  one  of  the  inexpensive  black 
lustre  Sussex  ware  bowls,  or  in  a 
Chinese  one,  the  latter  being  most 
appropriate,  as  China  is  the  little 
plant's  native  home.  It  is  also  found 
in  Siberia  and  is  one  of  the  hardiest 
of  all  the  Nympha;as  and  one  of  the 
first  and  last  to  bloom.  Mr.  William 
Robinson  points  out  in  "  The  English 
Flower  Garden  "  that  they  have  strango 
ways  as  to  opening  and  shutting.  With 
me  the  blossoms  of  N.  Pygmjea  hav& 
sometimes  opened  in  the  evening  and 
have  remained  open  whether  the  day 
tas  been  bright  or  dull.  These  small 
Nymph^as  could  be  grown  outside,  or 
in  the  conservatory,  in  pots  plunged  in 
water,  and  placed  in  a  suitable  bowl 
for  the  table  when  in  full  flower  ;  the 
beauty  of  the  plant  as  a  whole  could 
then  be  seen  and  enjoyed,  and  it  would 
grace    any  feast, — H,  H,  Warner. 

EARLY'    POTATOES. 

T    CAN    confirm    "  J.    J."     (page     jjj) 
that  baked  Potatoes  were  a  very  old, 
if  not  the  original  English  way  of  eating 
them.     John  Gerard  in  his  herbal  (r597) 
describes   Potatoes    of    Virginia    as    "  a 
food,  as  also  a  meate  for  pleasure,  equall 
in    goodncsse   and  wholesomenesse   unto 
the  same  [Sweet   Potatoes],   being  either 
rosted    in    the    embers,    or     boylcd     and 
eaten  with  oyle,  \'ineger,  and  pepper,  or 
dressed  any  other  way  by  the  hand  of 
some    cunning    in    cookerie."       If    the 
people     of      Cornwall     do      not     grow 
"  two   crops    of    Potatoes   on   the    same 
ground     in     one      year,"      they     could 
very     easily     do     so ;      but     I     think 
it     would    pay    them    better    to    plant 
their    Broccoli    after    Potatoes,    and   supply  our 
markets    in    winter   at    a   time   when   we   cannot 
compete    with    them.     Two    crops    of     Potatoes 
on  the  same  ground  have  been  repeatedly  grown 
by  Mr.  Sands  in  Ireland.     On  July   16,    191S,   I 
planted  old  sets   of   Midlothian   Early  and   King 
Edward   VII   on  ground  from  which   I   had   dug 
Witch  Hill,  and  this  second  crop  was  more  than 
twice  as  heavy  as  the  first.     The  reason  for  this 
was  due  to  severe  drought  in  May  and  June.     I 
planted  some  on  .August   12,   but  an  early  frost 
cut  down  the  haulm,  and  the  tubers  were  rather 
small.     In   the   course   of  two  short  chaptei-s  on 
Sweet    Potatoes    and    Potatoes    of   Virginia    John 
Gerard   used  such  spellings   as   Potato,    Potato's. 
Potatoes,     Potatus    and    Potadcs.     The    word    is 
a  variant  upon  the  phonetics  of  Batata,  Battata 
and  Batatas.    The  Spanish  rendering  was  Potato. 

HORTL'I.ANt'S. 


18 


THE     GARDEN. 


THE  SWEET  BRIAR  OR  EGLANTINE 

THIS    PRETTY    WILD    ROSE    MAKES    ONE    OF    THE    BEST    INFORMAL 
HEDGES   FOR   THE    G.\RDEN. 


OWING  to  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Nevv- 
,  man  Blowers,  the  Literary  Director 
of  Cassell  and  Co.,  Limited,  I  am 
able  to  quote  largely  from  Professor 
Hulme,  F.L.S.,  F.S.A.,  on  this  delight- 
ful subject.  Rosa  rubiginosa  is  common  all  over 
Britain  in  bushy  places,  on  a  dry,  gravelly  soil  ; 
from  its  extensive  diffusion  it  has  been  subjected 
to  many  changes  in  external  character  and,  as  a 
consequence  of  this,  has  received  a  great  variety 
of  names.  The  Austrian  Briar  is  very  closely 
allied  to  it,  and  from  this  the  most  brilliant 
yellow  Roses  are  produced.  They  require  a  moist 
soil  and  dry,  pure  air,  and  not  severe  pruning. 
Few  of  our  wild  plants  are  more  enduringly  attrac- 
tive, for  it  not  only  possesses  all  the  beauty  of 
form,  fragrance  and  colour,  that  gives  so  great  a 


SWEET    BRIAR    OR    EGLANTINE    IN    FRUIT. 

charm  to  the  other  species  of  wild  Roses  that 
grace  and  form  our  hedgerows,  but  adds  to  these 
a  fragrance  of  foliage  that  is  all  its  own.  It 
makes  a  very  beautiful  hedge  and,  planted  with 
alternate  plants  of  Privet  and  kept  closely  rut. 
forms  one  of  the  best  hedges  for  gardens  an<l 
shrubberies.  The  Sweet  Briar  yields  its  sweetest, 
tendcrest  perfume  after  a  shower.  What  a  rare 
debt  of  gratitude  we  owe  to  Lord  Penzance  for 
introducing  the  hybrids  that  we  now  call  the 
Penzance  Briars,  larger  than  the  ordinary  yet 
charged  with  all  its  sweetness.  Most  readers  will 
have  made  the  acquaintance  of  the  common  Sweet 


Briar  even  in  childhood,  ior  there  is  scarcely  a 
cottage  garden  that  does  not  boast  a  shrub  or  bush 
of  it,  and.  like  the  Foxglove  and  Snowdrop  and 
many  other  plants,  it  pays  a  certain  price  for  its 
hold  on  popular  esteem,  for  it  is  rarely  allowed  to 
remain  in  its  native  habitat.  Not  only  do  we  delight 
in  its  early  summer  blossoms — a  so  much  deeper 
pink  than  its  wild  cousins  of  the  hedgerow — but 
welcome  its  glowing  red  berries  in  the  autunm  to 
mix  with  dried  Ferns  and  autumn-tinted  leaves. 
Under  the  older  name  of  Eglantine  we  find  its 
praises  sung  by  the  poets  and  by  many  of  the 
great  ones,  too.  The  botanist  may,  possibly, 
in  his  analysis  and  dissection,  run  some  risk 
of  losing  the  sense  of  the  living  beauty  of  the 
flowers  that  he  demolishes  in  his  search  after 
structure  and  systcmatised  facts,  while  artist  and 
poet,  less  concerned  with  technicalities  and  often 
really  ignorant  of  much  that  is  wonderful  in  the 
.idaptation  of  means  to  ends,  do  nc\-crthelcss,  by 
a  few  touches,  picture  to  us  this  living  beauty. 
How  charming  are  the  lines  of  Shenstone  : 
••  Come  gentle  air  !  and  while  the  thickets  bloom 
♦  •*-*« 

Convey  the  Woodbine's  rich  perlume 
-Vor  spare  the  S%vcet-leaved  Eglantine." 
In  Spencer,  too,  we  read :  "  Sweet  is  the 
Eglantine  "  ;  and  Drayton  calls  it  "  Sweetest 
Eglantine."  Shakespeare  introduces  the  two 
plants.  Honeysuckle  and  Sweet  Briar,  thus  in 
his  description  of  a  bank  : 

•  Quite  ovcr-cancpied  with  luscious  Woodbine, 
With  sweet  .Musk  Roses,  and  with  Eglantine." 
So   that  long  before  Milton,   who  rather  made   a 
muddle  of  things  by  introducing  the  plant  in  one 
of  his  familiar  passages,  not  only  by  its  two  names 
but  as  though  two  distinct  flowers  were  intended  : 
"  At  my  window  bid  good  morrow. 
Through   the   Sweet    Briar   or   the   \'ine   or   the 
Twisted  Eglantine." 

In  another  well  known  passage  of  Shakespeare 
the  sweetness  "  of  the  leaf  of  Eglantine  is  Whom 
not'   to  slander,    out    sweetened   not    the    breath." 


[Janu.ary  8,  1921. 

With  Keats  it  is  "  the  Pastoral  Eglantine"     With 
Mant   "  The  fragrant   Eglantine  "  : 
"  Nature  scattered  free,  and  wild 
Each  mountain  flower,  the  mouutaia  child. 
Here  Eglantuie  perfumed  the  air, 
Hawthorn  and  Hazel  mingled  there." — Scott. 
The  Sweet   Briar  was  one  of  Scott's  favourite 
shrubs,  and  not  long  ago  this  interesting  fact  was 


HIPS    OF    ROSA    MOYESII,     ONE    OF    THE    FINEST    OF    THE 
SCARLET    FRUITED    SPECIES. 


THE    BOTTLE-SHAPED    HIPS    OF    ROSA 
SETIPODA. 

brought   to  light  in  on;  of  his  letters — the  note 
in  question  was  written  by  the  great  poet  himself — 
from   Edinburgh   to   William   Laidlaw,   his  friend 
and  agent  at  Abbotsford,  soon  after  that  property 
had  come  into  his  possession,inonepartof  the  letter 
he  says  :    "  You  must  get  someone  to  stick  in  a  few 
wild    Roses,    Honeysuckles   and   Sweet    Briars   in 
suitable   places,  so   as   to   produce   the  luxuriance 
we  see  in  the  woods  which  Nature  herself  plants. 
We  injure  the  effect  of    our  planting,  so  far  as 
beauty  is   concerned,   by  neglecting  imderwood." 
We  find  in  the  account  sent  in  that  "  the  few  Sweet 
Briars  "  numbered  2,000  !      The  fragrant  odour  of 
the  foliage  is  itself  so  distinctive  that  no  lengthy 
description  is  needed.     The  Sweet 
Briar  appears   to  delight  in  open 
spaces   and    copses,   though  some- 
times we  find  it  among  the  mass  of 
plants   that   crowd  on  each  other 
in   some  old  hedgerow ;    it  revels 
in  a  chalk  soil,   and    its    delicate 
blossoms     spend     themselves     in 
beauty  and  sweetness  during  Jime 
and  July.     Like  many  other  plants 
and     shrubs,     the     Sweet      Briar 
was    in    the    "good    old     times" 
accredited  with  medicinal  virtues, 
and      many     of    these     remedies 
date     as      far      back     as      Pliny. 
Subsequent    writers    adopt     them 
without     question    —   contenting 
themselves     with     adding,      '*  i\s 
Plinie  sayth." 

The  Briarwood  pipes  often 
used  by  smokers  are  made  not 
from  the  wood  of  our  native 
Sweet  Briar,  but  from  that  of 
the  tree  Heath  (Erica  arborea). 
The  wood  comes  from  the  South 
of  France,  and  our  English 
name  is  a  corruption  from  the 
French  word  for  Heath  bryuftre. 
The  specific  name  is  the  feminine 
form    from    the    Latin    word    for 


January  S,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


19 


rusty,  a  good  deal  of  bromiish  red  tint  being 
oiten  found  on  stems  and  foliage,  which  are  in 
botanical  parlance,  rubiginous.  One  more  verse 
from  the  poets  on  this  common  joy,  this  world- 
wide delight  and  possession. 

•  •  »  »  * 

•'  The    fragrance    deepened    through    the    passing 
shower. 
An  aromatic  perfume  filled  the  air, 
The  wild  Sweet  Briar  shed  incense  on  the  morn. 
Breathed   from  its   foliage   essence   rich,    ami 
rare.  H.  C.  P. 


GENTIANA     PNEUMONANTHE 

By    JAMES    BRITTEN,    F.L.S. 

[The  wide  iiierest  which  has  been  shown  in  this  beautiful  plant  by  numerous 
corrcspondenls  leads  us  to  think  that  some  account  of  the  various  aspects 
which   its  history  presents  m.iy  be  acceptable  to  the  readers  of  The   Garden.] 


The  Newer  Chinese  Roses 
with  Beautiful  Fruits 

.\  NUUBER  of  the  Wild  Koses  of  China  intro- 
duced to  our  gardens  by  Mr.  E.  H.  Wilson 
are  still  attractive  with  brightly  coloured 
hips.  This  w'nter  they  are  on  the 
whole  more  ornamental  than  the 
varieties  of  Rosa  canina,  R.  alpina, 
R.  macrophylla.  R.  rugosa  and  other 
notable  fruiting  Roses,  but  this  may 
to  some  extent  be  due  to  the 
bushes  being  young  and  vigorous. 
In  the  shrubbery  borders  and  other 
places  there  is  much  to  interest  and 
attract  garden  lovers  among  the 
Chinese  Rose  species.  The  fruits, 
differing  in  size,  shape,  colour  and 
arrangement,  are  interesting  when 
closely  examined  and  prominent  at 
a  distance  in  the  sunlight.  The 
foliage  of  R.  Willmottiae  and  R. 
omeiensis,  to  mention  only  two, 
have  graceful,  one  might  almost 
say  Fern-like,  leaves.  The  thorns 
of  others  claim  attention,  the  most 
prominent  of  all  being  R.  omeiensis 
Tar.  pterocantha  with  richly  coloured 
giant  spines. 

R.  Davidii  has  large  red  fruits 
freely  borne  in  fascicles,  one  counted 
bearing  twenty-seven  fruits.  It  is 
a  large  bush,  at  present  7  feet 
high.  The  variety  elongata,  as  the 
name  suggests,  is  distinguished  by 
unusually  long  hips.  R.  Sweginzowii 
is  a  tall  and  graceful  bush  9  feet  to 
10  feet  high,  brilliant  with  large  red 
fruits.  R.  setipoda  is  another  tall- 
growing  species  from  Western  Hupeh. 
The  fruits  are  bottle-shaped,  about 
an  inch  long,  and  rich  dark  red  in  colour, 
freely  borne  on  the  elegantly  arching  bushes, 
as  the  illustration  suggests.  R.  Moyesii  is  very 
well  known  for  its  striking  dark  red  flowers.  It 
has  also  a  very  attractive  fruit,  not  so  freely  borne 
as  some,  but  large,  bottle-shaped,  and  rich  red  in 
colour.  R.  Soulieana  has  been  in  cultivation  since 
1899.  It  is  a  very  robust  bush,  attractive  in  the 
shrubbery  border  and  useful  as  a  tall,  informal 
hedge.  The  orange  fruits  are  abundantly  borne  in 
branching  corymbs.  The  dainty  R.  sertata,  a  wide 
spreading  bush,  gracefid  in  foliage  and  flower,  is 
also  conspicuous  with  oval,  red  fruits  about  three- 
quarters  of  an  inch  long  in  autumn.  There  are 
several  forms  of  R.  omeiensis,  the  four-petalled  wild 
Rose  of  Mount  Omi.  In  one  the  fruit  is  red  with  a 
yellow  thickened  stalk  (Pear-shaped),  and  in 
another  the  colour  is  a  dark  velvety  crimson. 
It  is  one  of  (he  first  to  ripen  its  fruits  and,  abun- 
dantly borne,  they  are  very  attractive  among  the 
Fern-like  foliage.  The  variety  pteracantha  is 
very  conspicuous  with  its  giant  dark  red  spines. 


THE  Name. — The  name  Gentiana  Pneu- 
raonanthe  was  given  by  Linnaeus  in  the 
first  edition  of  his  "  Species  Plantarum" 
(1753),  and  the  plant  is  happy  in 
having  never  obtained  any  other,  so 
that  the  questions  of  nomenclature,  which  often 
lead  to  wearisome  controversy,  do  not  arise  in 
connection  with  it.  It  appears  to  have  been 
first  applied  to  the  plant  by  Cordus,  who  in  his 
"  Historia  Stirpium"  (1561)  heads  the  chapter 
devoted  to  it,  "  De  Pneumonante,  id  est  Lungen- 
bliime."  His  description  begins  with  "  Pneu- 
monanthes,"  and  it  would  seem  that  the  name 
should  have  been  adopted  in  that  form.  Why 
it    was    given    it   seems    impossible    to    discover : 


wide  at  the  top  and  narrower  toward  the  bottome," 
Ruellius's  description  has  also  been  considered 
ambiguous,  apparently  because  he  describes  the 
leaves  as  "  violae  albae  non  dissimile"  ;  this  has 
not  unnaturally  been  understood  as  referring 
to  the  White  Violet,  but  the  reference  is  explained 
by  Gerard's  translation  of  the  passage.  It  will 
be  remembered  that  the  name  "  Viola  "  in  those 
days  was  very  widely  applied,  and  included  Stocks 
and  Wallflowers.  The  translation  is  pretty  enough 
to  be  worth  quotation :  "  Calathian  Violet  is 
the  gift  of  .^utumne :  the  other  violets  are  of 
the  spring  :  it  hath,  saith  he  (and  that  truely) 
a  little  leafe,  not  unlike  to  that  of  the  small  stock 
gilloflower.     The  flower  is  like  a  little  bell  cuppe. 


DOROTHY     PERKI.XS     KAMBLLR     ROSE.        {i'ie   .\ofes    ot   the    Week.] 


Cordus  himself  does  not  tell  us,  and  the  plant 
is  not  stated  to  have  been  employed  in  lung 
diseases.  The  German  name,  as  given  by  Cordus, 
appears  to  be  a  mere  translation  of  the  Latin, 
which,  as  "  Lung-flower,"  has  found  place  in 
English  books.  In  these,  Pneumonanthe  has 
various  names,  but  none  have  been  or  arc  in 
actual  popular  use,  unless  "  Harvest  Bells," 
which  Gerard  says  it  is  called  "  of  some,"  were 
so.  All  the  so-called  '"  English  names"  are 
translations :  the  most  interesting  of  these  is 
"  Calathian  Violet" — a  translation  of  Viola 
Calathiana.  This  latter  occurs  in  Pliny  (Natural 
History,  book  xxi,  chapter  vi),  but  its  application 
there  is  regarded  as  uncertain.  Ruellius,  however 
("  De  Natura  Stirpium,"  1536),  who  adopted 
part  of  Pliny's  description,  certainly  applied  the 
name  to  our  plant :  he  calls  it  "  Calathiana,"  and 
explains  the  name  in  his  reference  to  its  flowers 
as  ■'  calathi  similitudine " — -their  resemblance 
in  shape  to  a  wine-cup  is  noted  by  Gerard, 
who  says  they  are  "  like  a  cup  called  a  beaker. 


of  so  beautifull  a  colour,  that  it  passeth  the  very 
blewe  it  selfe."  Dodoeus  (1563)  heads  his  chapter 
"  Calathiana  Viola,"  which  Lyte  in  his  translation 
(1578)  renders  "  Calathian  Violet,"  a  name  which 
since  that  date  has  been  in  general  use.  Another 
book-name — .\utumn  Bellflower — is  a  translation 
of  Campanula  autumnalis,  which  was  applied  to 
the  plant  by  Dodocns. 

The  Plant. — -The  first  description  in  English 
is  that  of  Henry  Lyte  in  his  black-letter  "  Niewe 
Herball  '  (1578) — the  translation  of  Dodoens 
just  referred  to.  1 1  runs  thus :  "  Of  Autumn 
Belfloures  or  Calathian  Violets,  .\raongst  all  ye 
kindes  of  Belfloures,  there  is  none  more  beutiful 
in  colours  then  this  :  it  hath  small  straight  Knottie 
stemmes,  &  at  every  Knot  or  ioint  it  hath  two 
leaves  set  directly  one  against  another,  whiche 
be  long  &  narrow :  by  each  side  whereof,  as  also 
at  the  top  of  ye  stalke,  groweth  forth  pleasant 
floures,  whiche  be  long  &  hollow,  alwayes  bending 
outwardes  like  to  a  small  long  bell,  with  two  or 
three  small  white  threedes  in  the  middle.     They 


20 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  8,  1921. 


are  of  a  blew  colour,  so  clearc  and  excellent,  that 
they  seeme  to  passe  the  azured  skies.  When  they 
are  past,  there  cometh  by  in  the  midle  of  the 
floure  a  round  long  huske,  full  of  long  small  seede  " 

As  will  have  been  seen  in  the  various 
communications  published  in  The  Garden, 
G.  Pneumonanthe  varies  considerably  in  size 
and  habit.  In  the  large  series  of  specimens  in 
the  British  collection  at  the  Natural  History 
Museum  the  average  height  is  from  6  inches  to 
9  inches  ;  one  or  two  exceed  a  foot,  and  there  is 
a  curious  little  dwarf  form,  barely  2  inches  high, 
with  one  flower,  from  Gunton  in  Norfolk.  1  he 
stems  are  mostly  one-flowered  and  simple,  but 
some  have  two  to  four  flowers  and  in  one  or  two 
examples  are  branched. 

Beautiful  as  it  is,  however,  the  British 
plant  bears  no  comparison  with  some  of  the 
Continental  forms  as  represented  in  the  Euro- 
pean herbarium,  either  in  height  or  in  the 
number  and  size  of  the  flowers :  specimens 
from  Leipzig,  for  example,  are  about  2  feet  high, 
with  flowers  2  inches  long,  extending  up  the  stem 
for  nearly  a  foot  and  clustered  in  a  head  at  the 
top  of  the  stem.  The  leaves  also  vary  greatly 
in  width,  leading  up  to  what  has  been  described 
as  a  var.  latifolia,  in  which  they  are  sometimes 
half  an  inch  broad.  A  white-flowered  form 
from  Parkstone,  Dorset,  is  in  the  British  Herbarium 
already  referred  to,  but  this  appears  to  be  rare, 
as  I  find  no  other  example  either  among  the 
British  or  Continental  specimens  ;  Clusius,  how- 
ever (i6oi),  mentions  that  he  found  it  near  Bruges. 
Mr.  Boulger  tells  me  that  he  found  it  with  pink 
flowers  between  West  Chiltington  and  Storrington, 
Sussex. 

The  dates  at  which  the  British  specimens 
were  collected  range  from  the  end  of  July  till 
October,  most  of  them  being  in  August :  Stilling- 
fleet  in  his  "  Calendar  of  Flora  made  at  Stratton 
in  Norfolk  anno  1755"  mentions  having  found  it 
in  flower  on  July  2.  The  plant,  though  nowhere 
very  common,  occurs  in  most  English  countiis 
and  is  found  in  Wales  (.Anglesea),  but  not  in 
Scotland  nor  Ireland.  It  was  first  recorded  by 
Johnson  in  1633:  "This  plant  I  never  found 
but  once,  and  that  was  on  a  wet  Moorish  ground 
in  Lincolnshire,  2  or  3  miles  on  this  side  Caster 
[Caistor],  and  as  1  remember,  the  place  is  called 
Netleton  Moore."  The  locality  has  somewhat 
special  interest  for  me,  as  it  was  on  Nettleton 
Moor  that  I  saw  it  for  the  first  time,  in  1S62 
The  earliest  localised  specimen  I  have  seen  is 
that  in  the  Duchess  of  Beaufort's  collection  in 
the  Sloane  Herbarium  (vol.  135,  fol.  8)  from 
"  the  heath  by  Tunbridg  WeUs"  ;  this  locality 
is  given  in  Blackstone's  "Specimen  Botanicum" 
(1746),  but  the  plant  must  have  been  collected 
a  good  deal  earlier,  as  the  Duchess  died  in  171 4. 
Near  London  it  was  found  by  various  collectors 
on  Hounslow  Heath  at  dates  between  1795  and 
1 800,  but  the  heath  itself  has  long  since  disappeared. 
The  plant,  however,  seems  to  have  the  power  of 
resisting  adverse  influences :  I  was  surprised  to 
find  it  in  quantity  in  1879  on  Runcorn  Common, 
among  blackened  heath  but  little  other  vegetation, 
which  indeed  for  a  considerable  distance  round 
Runcorn  is  seriously  affected  by  the  fumes  from 
the  chemical  works.  Although  not  often  met 
with  in  gardens,  it  has  been  long  in  cultivation  ; 
there  are  specimens  from  Chelsea  Garden  in  1760 
in  the  Herbarium  of  the  Natural  History  Museum. 

The  Figures.— The  earliest  figure  I  have  found 
assigned  to  the  plant  is  that  in  Dodoens,  repro- 
duced by  Lyte  in  his  translation  the  "  Xiewe 
Herball,"  already  mentioned.  This,  if  correctly 
referred,  as  I  think  it  is,  for  the  shape  of  the  flowers 
is  characteristic,  represents  an  unusual  state ; 
it  has  leafy  branched  stems  and  numerous  flowers, 
thus    differing    greatly    in    appearance    from    the 


usual  form.  The  figure  most  usual  in  old  books 
is  that  given  by  Johnson  in  his  edition  of  Gerard 
(1633).  The  history  of  this  is  somewhat  puzzling. 
Jonathan  Stokes — whose  invaluable  and  too  little 
known  series  of  references  to  herbal  figures  renders 
important  the  second  edition  of  Withering  s 
'Botanical  Arrangement"  (1787)  which  he 
edited — states  that  this  originated  with  Clusius. 
from  whom  were  derived  most  of  the  figures  of 
Gerard  and  Parkinson.  His  reference  runs : 
"  CIus.  i.  3r3.  2.  repr  [inted]  in  Lob.  obs.  166.  2. 
Ger.  em.  438.  and  cop  [ied]  in  Park.  [Theatruni] 
406.  i.  and  H.  ox.  xii  5.  12."  But  Clusius' 
"  Rariorum  Plantarum  Historia,"  to  which  the 
reference  applies,  was  not  published  until  1601. 
whereas  Lobel  s  "  Observationes"  appeared  in 
1576  and  his  "Icones"  in  1581  ;  moreover,  the 
same  figure  appears  in  Dodoens'  "  Stirpium 
Historia"     in     15S3.     The    known     acc\iracv    of 


BUDDLEIA     FORRESTII. 
A    valuable  shrub  for  grouping  on   lav.ns. 

.'^tokes  prevents  the  natural  assumption  that  he 
made  what  in  this  case  would  be  a  serious  mistake; 
and  it  may  be  added  that  C.  C.  Schmidel,  of 
Gesner's  "  Opera  Botanica."  which  he  edited 
(1770),  follows  the  reference  (ii.  51)  to  I  obcl  by 
the  words  "icon.  Clusii"  :  I  cannot,  however, 
trace  the  figure  in  any  other  of  Clusius' s  works. 
The  figure,  besides  appearing  in  Johnson's  edition 
of  Gerard  (1633),  Parkinson's  "Thcatrum" 
(1640)  and  (in  an  altered  form)  in  Morison's  Hist. 
PI.  Oxon.  (1699),  as  indicated  above,  is  reproduced, 
with  the  addition  of  a  separate  flower,  in  W. 
Salmon's  "  English  Herbal,"  page  414  (1710). 
Perhaps  some  reader  of  The  Garden  may  be 
able  to  throw  light  on  the  mystery  of  the  reference 
to   Clusius,    which   1    am   reluctant   to   regard   as 


erroneous,  though  I  cannot  explain  it.  The 
figure  in  Gerard's  "Herball"  (1597),  for  which 
Johnson  substituted  that  which  has  just  been 
discussed,  first  appeared  in  Tabernfemontanus's 
"  Neuw  Krauterbuch"  (rjSS).  The  reference  to 
Lobel  and  the  description  show  that  Taberna;- 
montanus  had  the  right  plant  in  view  ;  but  the 
figure  differs  greatly  from  the  usual  form,  although 
it  is  by  no  means  impossible  that  it  was  intended 
to  represent  Pneumonanthe.  Johnson,  while 
reproducing  Gerard's  descriptions,  suspects  that 
"  our  Authour"  did  not  know  the  plant;  "  first 
because  he  describes  it  with  leaves  like  unto 
Time,  when  as  this  hath  long  narrow  leaves  more 
like  to  Hyssop  or  Rosemary,"  and  also  because 
he  says  the  plant  is  annual.  But  later  in  his 
description  Gerard  quotes  and  confirms,  apparently 
from  observation,  the  account  from  Ruellius 
already  cited,  and  the  root  is  correctly  shown 
in  the  figure.  The  Kentish  localities  assigned 
by  Gerard  to  the  plant  are,  as  Johnson  says, 
certainly  inaccurate ;  but  the  note  that  "  the 
gallant  flowers  heerof  be  in  their  braverie  about 
the  end  of  August  and  in  September"  is  con- 
clusive evidence  that  Gerard  was  acquainted 
with  the  plant. 


Buddleia     Forrestii 

Seeds  of  this  handsome  shrub  were  sent  home  by 
Mr.  I'orrest  from  Western  China  in  191 8.  It 
is  a  vigorous  species,  belonging  to  the  variabilis 
sroup,  and  evidently  appreciates  rich  soil  and 
plenty  of  space  for  full  development.  .\  small 
seedling,  less  than  6  inches  high,  came  to  me  from 
Wislcy  last  May.  When  it  flowered  in  September 
it  was  over  5  feet  in  height  and  had  grown  into  a 
fine  bushy  plant.  Its  chief  feature  is  the  dense 
white  tomcntum  on  the  square  stem  and  on  the 
underside  of  the  leaves,  which  is  well  shown  in 
the  accompanying  illustration.  The  racemes  of 
flowers  arc  similar  to  those  of  the  well  known 
B.  \-ariabilis,  but  are  shorter — at  any  rate  in  young 
plants.  The  flowers  are  a  light  mauve  in  colour, 
and  are  not  so  attractive  as  the  beU  forms  of 
\ariabilis  ;  their  strong  honey-like  scent  is  delicious, 
md  appeals  to  the  Red  .Admirals  and  the  Peacock 
liutterflies  as  much  as  it  does  to  the  gardener. 
It  should  prove  a  valuable  shrub  for  grouping  on 
lawns  against  a  background  of  dark  foliage  to 
show  up  the  beautiful  white  underside  of  the 
leaves.  It  is  quite  distinct  from  Buddleia  nivea 
in  the  shape  of  the  raceme  and  much  paler 
flowers,  and  is,  I  consider,  a  finer  shrub  alto- 
gether. Hard  pruning  in  spring  will  probably 
suit  B.  Forrestii  as  well  as  it  does  B.  variabilis 
varieties.  N.  G.  H  adden. 


RIVIERA     NOTES 

Aloe  ciliaris. — How  rarely  one  sees  this 
climber  in  full  beauty  !  Having  struggled  with 
it  for  many  j-ears  and  never  succeeding  in  flowering 
it  really  well,  I  was  all  the  more  surprised  and 
pleased  to  come  across  an  immense  old  plant 
the  other  day.  It  was  trained  up  an  old  peasant's 
house  that  has  lately  been  used  as  a  nursery  garden 
house,  and  it  covers  a  large  space  at  the  south- 
western angle  of  the  house  with  one  mass  of  its 
dainty  spikes  of  red  flowers  like  glorified  Lachen- 
alias.  For  fully  20  feet  in  height,  and  perhaps 
8  feet  or  10  feet  in  width,  it  promises  to  continue 
in  beauty  for  weeks.  As  its  solid  texture  enables 
it  to  stand  a  rough  wind  or  an  occasional  cold 
night,  it  is,  indeed,  a  desirable  plant  when  seen 
at  its  best,  and  evidently  is  a  plant  that  improves 
as  it  grows  old — a  model  for  all  of  us  ! 


January  S,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


21 


Polymnia  grandis  or  Montanoa  bipinnati&da. 

— There  coiild  hanlly  Ik-  a  greater  <  ontrast  between 
any  two  plants  than  between  the  searlet  flowered 
Aloe  ciliaris  and  this  Montanoa  of  the  much- 
divided  leaf.  Both  are  kind  enough  to  show  their 
fullest  beauty  in  the  month  of  December,  and 
when,  as  at  present,  "  Summer  lingering  warms  the 
lap  of  winter,"  their  beauty  is  very  striking  and 
compels  admiration.  This  Polymnia  or  Montanoa 
was  grown  at  one  time  in  English  gardens  as  a 
summer  foliage  plant,  treated  as  an  annual  and 
grown  only  for  its  leaf.  But  when  left  alone  and 
allowed  to  flower,  it  is  indeed  another  thing,  and 
its  strong,  leafy  shoots  are  crowned  in  December 
with  large  branching  panicles  of  white  flowers 
that  recall  either  a  monster  Aster  or  a  small- 
flowered  Sunflower  in  style  and  shape.  Towering 
up  to  a  height  of  lo  feet  or  iz  feet  and  with  a 
erown  of  a  hundred  or  more  blossoms,  it  is  a  very 
handsome  shrub  at  any  season,  and  especially 
welcome  at  Christmastide.  Now  and  again  a 
severe  winter  or  a  sudden  frost  will  kill  it  down 
to  the  ground  when  at  the  height  of  its  beauty, 
but  for  all  that  it  is  well  worth  ?  place  in  any 
large  Riviera  garden,  and  a  fertile  som'ce  of 
wonder  to  all  newcomers  who  can  raise  their 
eyes  so  high  ! 

Owing  to  the  heat  and  moisture  of  the  autumn 
there  are  few  Primulas  to  be  found  in  gardens 
this  winter.  It  is  a  great  loss,  as  they  are  always 
so  useful  in  semi-shaded  situations.  Not  only 
the  Chinese  Primulas  have  died  off,  but  the  hardier 
P.  obconica  and  P.  malacoides  have  suffered  very 
severely.  Only  the  hybrid.  Primula  kewensis, 
that  stands  more  sun-heat,  has  survived,  so  our 
winter  gardens  will  be  shorn  of  one  of  our  most 
familiar  flowers. 

Chimonanthus  fragrans. — The  fragrance  and 
beauty  of  this  well  known  shrub  is  curiously 
enhanced  this  year  by  the  fact  that  it  is  flowering 
while  still  in  leaf.  The  leaves  themselves  are 
fragrant  just  now  when  they  change  colour,  and 
the  many  shades  of  colour  in  the  leaves  and  the 
abundance  of  the  large,  well  opened  flowers  make 
the  big  bushes  highly  omam.ental.  The  golden- 
flowered  form,  sometimes  called  grandiflora 
I  believe,  is  so  brilliantly  coloured  it  would  make 
a  sensation  could  it  be  shown  to  Northern  gardeners. 
December  is  fragrant  with  its  pervading  odours. 
Now  that  there  arc  so  many  imheated  corridors 
or  glass  houses,  surely  this  unrequiring  shrub  would 
be  worth  a  place  in  shelter,  where  its  scent  would 
not  be  blown  away  into  space  ?  E.  H.  W. 


LANDSCAPE     GARDENING 

By    SIR    HERBERT    MAXWELL,     B.ART.,     F.R.S.,     V.M.H. 


Rhododendron     Kew 
Manglesii 

Since  the  late  Mr.  Mangles  used  Rhododendron 
Grifhthianum  (,\ucklandii)  w-ith  such  great  success 
in  breeding  the  large-flowered  race  of  hybrids 
with  which  his  name  is  so  closely  associated  no 
single  species  of  Rhododendron  has  been  so  freely 
used  by  the  hybridist.  Among  the  best  known 
of  this  gentleman's  raising  are  Isabella  Mangles. 
Dulcie  Daffam.  Daphne  Daffam,  Mrs.  Ellice, 
Loder's  White  and  Manglesii.  The  last  named  is 
a  hybrid  between  R.  Griffithianum  and  the  old 
favourite  hybrid  album  elegans.  The  plant 
illustrated  is  of  similar  origin  and  was  raised  at 
Kew. 

Though  not  identical  with  the  original 
Manglesii,  it  is  not  considered  sufficiently  distinct 
to  warrant  anot"her  name,  hence  Kew  Manglesii 
or  Manglesii  of  Kew.  The  large  flowers  open 
with  a  flush  of  pink,  changing  with  age  to 
white. 


Ti.)  design  a  landscape  on  a  liberal  scale 
is  one  thing,  to  live  to  see  it  grow  into 
full  effect  is  another,  not  granted  to 
all  who  undertake  the  enterprise.  To 
accomplish  the  first  intelligent  purpose 
and  practical  understanding  of  the  behaviour  of 
trees,  shrubs  and  herbs  are  essential ;  to  enjoy 
the  second  the  days  of  the  designer  must  be  long 
in  the  land.  Both  these  conditions  have  been 
fulfilled  in  the  person  of  Mr.  W.  Robinson,  whereof 
signal  proof  lies  before  me  in  the  second  and 
enlarged  edition  of  his  "  Home  Landscapes."* 

The  first  part  of  this  fine  volume  consists  of 
thirty-two  plates  in  photogravure  (it  must  have 
given  the  author  a  pang  to  allow  this  process  to 
supplant    the    noble    craft    of    wood-engraving,    to 


receive  hundreds  of  new  exotic  species  which  the 
enterprise  of  collectors  has  brought  within  our 
reach  in  recent  years, 

Mr.  Robinson  is  faithful  to  his  old  creed.  In 
the  second  part  of  this  volume  he  inveighs  with  all 
his  pristine  vigour  against  the  topiary  treatmint. 
whereby  the  natural  growth  of  trees  and  shrubs 
is  tortured  into  unnatural  shapes. 

■•  As  to  the  clipping  folly,"  he  says,  "  many 
good  country  houses  are  disfigured  by  it.  One  of 
our  weekly  papers  devoted  to  country  life  has 
lately  figured  a  place  in  Yorkshire  with  the  trees 
shorn  into  the  shape  of  old  Jerry  hats.  . 
What  gain  is  it  to  the  noble  art  of  architecture  to 
flank  and  fortify  a  fine  building  with  caricatures 
of  trees  ?  " 


RHODODEXDROX     M.^.NGLESII     OF     KEW. 


which,  I  think,  he  remained  faithful  longer  than 
anyone  else)  showing  the  successive  steps  whereby 
"  the  poor  and  neglected  land  "  of  Gravetye  has 
been  transformed  into  scenes  of  surpassing  sylvan 
and  floral  beauty.  The  plates  are  supplemented 
by  brief  explanatory  paragraphs — too  brief, 
perhaps,  to  satisfy  those  who  have  long  ago  learnt 
to  rely  on  .Mr.  Robinson's  lead  in  landscape 
gardening. 

The  present  writer  is  one  of  the  fast  dwindling 
band  of  amateur  gardeners  who  remember  the 
opening  in  the  early  'sexenties  of  Mr.  Robinson's 
crusade  against  mid- Victorian  gardening,  a  crusade 
which  ended  in  the  utter  discomfiture  of  the 
bedding-out  school,  restored  to  our  borders  those 
old-fashioned  perennials  which  still  lingered  in 
unfashionable    quarters    and    prepared    them    to 


•  ■■  Home  Landscapes."  with  views  taken  in  the  Farms, 
Woods  and  Pleasure  Grounds  of  Gravetye  Manor.  Second 
Edition,  enlarged,  by  W.  Robinson.  ,\uthor  of  "  The 
Englisli  Flower  Garden."     (Loudon  ;    John  Murray,  11)20.) 


We  cordially  agree  that  the  amount  of  clippir, 
performed  in  many  demesnes  not  only  produce; 
a  wearisome,  iminteresting  result,  but  absorbsfa 
deal  of  labour  that  might  be  employed  to  far  better 
advantage  in  other  ways.  Nevertheless,  living  as 
we  do  on  an  exposed  seaboard,  we  carmot  afford  to 
undervalue  the  protection  obtained  from  tall 
hedges,  which  must  be  regularly  clipped  to  pre\-ent 
them  getting  bare  below  and  so  admitting  a  search- 
ing draught.  In  such  districts  there  is  nothing 
better  or  more  beautiful  for  the  purpose  than  the 
Monterey  cypress  (C.  macrocarpa),  which  may  be 
propagated  by  the  thousand  from  cuttings,  although 
for  forest  growth  it  should  always  be  raised  from 
seed. 

Mr.  Robinson's  well  known  advocacy  of  the  use 
of  English  names  for  plants  causes  him  to  avoid 
scientific  terminology  as  scrupulously  as  a  rhodo- 
dendron shuns  lime.  The  result  is  that  his  meaning 
is  sometimes  short  of  clear.  For  instance,  some 
readers  may  not  at  once  understand  "  the  Virginian 


22 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  8,  1921. 


or  red  cedar "  (page  50)  to  mean  Juiiiperus 
virginiana,  which  is  not  a  cedar,  or  the  Louisiana 
■cypress  (page  56)  as  Taxodium  distichum,  which 
is  not  a  cypress.  For  every  million  English  speakers 
in  the  United  Kingdom  there  are  three  millions 
in  North  America,  a  fact  which  renders  precision 
out  of  the  question  in  English  nomenclature  of 
plants,  compelling  resort  to  the  dead,  and  therefore 
unchanging,  languages.  Rockspray  is  a  prettier 
name  than  Cotoneaster,  but  how  is  one  to  order 
from  a  nurseryman  the  species  required  without 
using  botanical  terms. 

In  the  plates  adorning  this  volume  Mr.  Champion 
has  grappled  most  successfully  with  the  difficulties 
inseparable  from  all  photography  of  ground  more 
or  less  cultivated.  It  is  seldom  indeed  that  a 
painter's  eye,  trained  in  all  the  niceties  of  com- 
position and  chiaroscuro,  can  rest  with  complete 
satisfaction  on  products  of  the  camera  ; 
but  some  of  these  plates  are  lacking  only 
in  colour  to  be  pronounced  perfect 
pictures.  Such  is  the  landscape  seen 
from  Smuggler's  Lane  (Plate  IV),  and 
the  view  of  Gravetye  House  from  the 
Heath  Garden  requires  but  the  intro- 
duction of  a  couple  of  figures  to  break 
the  line  of  road  traversing  the  middle 
distance,  to  satisfy  the  most  fastidious 
taste. 

The  plates  in  the  second  part  of  the 
book  arc  of  a  different  character,  being 
intended  to  illustrate  trees  in  their  natural 
form  associated  with  fine  architecture. 
They  are  presented  without  comment  by 
the  author,  some  being  photographs 
from  paintings,  others  taken  direct  from 
the  actual  subjects.  Taking  it  altogether, 
Mr.  Robinson's  latest  contribution  to 
gardening  literature  is  a  very  beautiful 
one,  and  conveys  sound  precepts  for  the 
creation  and  management  of  park  and 
garden  scenery. 


VEGETABLES    IN    THE   NORTH 


VARIETIES     THAT    SUCCEED     WELL 


Chinkerichees 


(Ornithogalum  l.acteum). 

This  interesting  South  African  flower 
has  recently  been  sent  in  quantity  to 
Covent  Garden  Market  and  many  readers 
have  enquired  its  name.  Its  South 
African  names  are  Chinkerichees  and 
Pigeon's  Milk,  but  it  is,  perhaps,  better 
Icnown  in  this  country  by  the  botanical 
name,  Ornithogalum  lacteum.  This 
species  is  figured  in  the  Botaniral  Maga- 
zine, t.  2,510,  where  the  common  name  is 
given  as  the  Milk  White  Star  of  Bethle- 
hem. Great  quantities  of  these  flowers 
are  imported  into  this  country  for 
decorative  purposes.  They  arrive  in  a 
rather  dried  up  and  undeveloped  state,  the  ends 
of  the  stems  being  sealed  up.  On  arrival  here  the 
sealed  portion  of  the  stems  is  cut  off  and  the 
flowers  placed  in  water.  After  a  short  time  the 
milk  white  flowers  expand  and  they  last  for  weeks 
or  sometimes  months.  For  house  decoration  they 
are  much  in  demand,  and  they  are  sometimes 
used  for  wreath  work.  The  flowers  are  known 
to  last  many  weeks  when  made  up  into  wreaths, 
and  withstand  cold  weather  and  fogs  with 
impunity,  whereas  other  flowers  perish.  Un- 
fortunately, like  other  gems  of  the  South  African 
flora,  the  Chinkerichees  are  scentless.  The 
flowers  shown  in  the  accompanying  illustration 
were  photographed  some  months  after  they  were 
picked.  We  have  seen  many  vases  of  these 
flowers  this  Christmas  used  for  table  decoration, 
or  wiiich  they  are  admirably  suited. 


WE  aie  again  at  the  season  of  seed 
catalogues,  and  while  the  "  old 
hand"^has  trifling  trouble  making 
out  his  seed  order,  it  is  far  different 
H'ith  the  beginner  and  the  amateur 
With  numbers  of  species,  the  long  list  of  varieties 
even  when  accompanied  by  more  or  less  clear 
descriptions  are  a  cause  of  confusion,  rather  than 
a  help.  A  long  and  varied  experience  has  taught 
me  the  fact  that  only  a  comparatively  few  sorts 
are  really  universally  reliable.  Seeing  this  is  so, 
it  is  futile  to  sit  down  to  a  catalogue  and  make 
out  a  list  of  requirements  haphazard,  for  this  way 


CHINKERICHEES     (ORNITHOGALUM     LACTEUM). 

lies  trouble.  In  the  brief  list  I  am  about  to^^jot 
down.  I  place  only  such  varieties  as  I  have  proved 
by  several  years  trial  to  be  entirely  reliable  here 
in  the  North. 

Peas. — -I  will  take  these  first  as  being  probably 
the  most  esteemed  ot  all  vegetables.  A  really 
reliable  lot  are  The  Pilot,  Manifold,  Senator, 
Discovery,  Boston  Unrivalled,  Glory  of  Devon. 
Royal  Salute,  Superlative  and  Rearguard  These 
nine  varieties,  if  sown  in  above  order,  will  produce 
a  constant  supply  throughout  the  whole  season. 
Other  good  Peas  here  are  Carter's  Daisy,  Common- 
wealth, Dreadnought,  Carter's  Latest  Giant  and 
the  Gladstone. 

Broad  Beans. — MUecross,  Monarch,  Green  Giant 
and  Seville  Longpod  are  all  that  are  necessary. 

Dwarf  Beans. — Sutton's  ReUance,  Masterpiece 
and  Canadian  Wonder. 


Cauliflower. — Sutton's  Magnum  Bommi,  Sutton's 
Favourite,  Walcheren  and  Veitch's  Autumn  Giant 
will  yield  uninterrupted  supplies  from  July  to 
Xovember. 

Broccoli. — It  is  seldom  worth  while  to  grow 
any  but  spring  and  early  summer  varieties  of  this 
useful  vegetable.  Leamington,  Lauder's  Late  and 
Methven's  June  are  the  best,  the  last-named 
standing  even  the  most  severe  winters. 

Cabbage. — Flower     of     Spring     and     Milecross 

Marrow  for  July  sowing,  with  Dickson's  First  and 

Best,    Sutton's   Favourite    and   Winningstadt    for 

spring  sowing,  will  produce  a  steady  supply  from 

April  till  December. 

Savoys. — Dwarf  Green  Curled,  Sutton's 
Best  of  All,  Onnskirk  and  Omega  will, 
ordinarily,  give  supplies  from  October 
till  April. 

Lettuce. — -Carter's  Holborn  Standard, 
Webb' s  Wonderful  and  New  York  Giant, 
if  sown  at  intervals  from  February  (in 
heat)  to  July,  give  a  fine  supply  until 
severe  frost  sets  in. 

Onions.— If  sown  in  heat  in  January, 
a  good  strain  of  Ailsa  Craig,  Danvers' 
Yellow  and  Wroxton  Globe  will  provide 
a  supply  from  .August  till  April.  For 
autumn  sowing  Trebons  and  Danvers' 
Yellow  are  very  reliable. 

Leeks. — For  all  ordinary  purposes  the 
true  Scotch  Musselburgh  is  unbeatable. 

Brussels  Sprouts.- — Very  hardy  and 
splendid  croppers  are  Newtownards  Gem, 
Solidity  and  Dwarf  Gem. 

Borecole. — Russian  Kale  and  Dwarf 
Green  Curled. 

Beet.— Nutting's  Dwarf  Red  for 
smallish  bulbs  of  fine  flavom-,  and 
Pragnell's  Exhibition  where  large  speci- 
mens are  desired. 

Carrots.  —  Early  Nantes  and  St 
Valery. 

Turnips. — Sutton's  Snowball,  Dobbie's 
Golden  Ball,  Chirk  Castle  and  Bangholm 
Swede  will  give  supplies  for  quite  nine 
months  of  the  year. 

Celery.— Grove  Pink,  Grove  White  and 
Dickson's  Superlative  Red  are  very 
certain  sorts. 

Parsley. — -West  of  Scotland  Prize, 
Dickson's  Triple  Curled  and  Myatt's 
Garnishing,  are  all  good. 

Spinach. — Triumph.  Victoria  Round 
and  Giant  Prickly. 

Potatoes. — -May    Queen,    Edzell    Blue, 

Sutton's       Abundance,       Great      Scot, 

Golden      Wonder      and       Langworthy. 

These  six  varieties  will  give  a  supply  for  the  whole 

year  if  planted   in  proper  quantity.    The  last  two 

must  be  liberally  manured. 

Prcslon  House  Gardens,  Linlilhgow.    C.  Bl.\ir. 


Cucumbers. — Raise  young  plants  to  succeed 
tliose  which  have  been  cropping.  Sow  seeds  as 
recommended  for  Melons  (see  page  23),  but  add  flaky 
leaf-soil  to  the  compost.  If  Mint  and  Tarragon  are 
required  lift  and  place  roots  in  shallow  boxes  of 
leaf-soil  and  place  in  gentle  heat.  Sow  Mustard 
and  Cress  at  intei-vals  of  ten  or  twelve  days. 
Introduce,  as  required,  Seakale  and  Rhubarb  into  a 
Mushroom  house,  also  Chicory,  and  keep  perfectly 
dark.  Cover  Endive  at  intervals  to  bltmch ; 
if  more  convenient  to  lift,  place  in  Mushroom 
liouse,  but  avoid  excessive  moisture. 


January  8,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


GARDENING     OF     THE     WEEK 


FOR    SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Roses. — -It  is  almost  impossible  to  have  too 
many  of  these  beautiful  plants  in  the  garden 
Whether  grown  in  an  irregular  manner  in  beds 
or  borders  or  in  a  place  set  apart  for  them,  no  pains 
should  be  spared  in  the  preparation  of  the  sites 
chosen.  Roses  are  most  happy  in  a  fairly  strong 
loamy  soil. 

Planting. — in  mild,  open  weather  this  may  be 
continued  practically  all  through  the  winter, 
altliough  where  the  district  is  cold  and  bleak  it 
would  be  wise  to  postpone  this  operation  until 
the  middle  of  I'ebruary.  Where  protection  for 
the  more  delicate  varieties  is  necessary  it  may 
be  .ifforded  by  placing  broken  straw  or  Bracken 
in  the  heads  of  the'  bushes.  Dry  soil  heaped 
round  the  stems,  cone-like,  is  also  to  be  recom- 
mended and  is  preferable  to  mulching  as  a  protec- 
tion, as  the  latter  tends  to  keep  the  roots  cold 
and  wet. 

Wild  Garden  or  Woodlands. — -What  comprises 
a  wild  garden  or  what  should  be  grown  therein 
is  a  somewhat  debatable  point,  but  groups  of 
Flowering  Cherries,  Crabs,  Guelder  Roses  and 
Barberries  may  be  most  effectively  used  with 
huge  drifts  of  Bluebells,  Wood  Anemones,  Violets, 
Primroses  and  Daffodils,  and  for  taller- growing 
plants  there  are  such  subjects  as  Willow  Herb, 
N'crbascums  and  Foxgloves.  No  stereotyped 
plan  can  be  recommended  to  suit  every  position, 
the  greatest  factor  being  the  lay  of  the  land.  The 
more  we  allow  Mother  Nature  her  full  sway  in  this 
part  of  the  garden  the  better  results  we  shall 
obtain 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Bulbous  Subjects. — ShoiJd  a  batch  of  Begonias 
and  Gloxinias  be  raised  annually,  seed  should  be 
sown  at  once  ;  another  sowing  of  Gloxinia  seed 
may  be  made  later  for  autumn  blooming.  Provide 
ample  drainage  in  the  receptacles  used  ;  let  the 
soil  be  light  and  porous  and  uniformly  moist. 
To  ensure  an  even  distribution  add  a  little  silver 
sand  to  the  seed  before  sowing,  and  this  is  all 
that  is  required  as  a  covermg.  Germination 
should  take  place  in  a  warm  and  moist  house, 
and  as  an  aid  to  this  end  cover  the  seeds  with  glass 
and  protect  from  strong  light.  The  earliest 
ripened  bulbs  of  Gloxinias  may  be  gently  started  ; 
lil<ewise  some  of  the  Amaryllis  and  Caladiums. 

Stimulants. — Probably  no  subject  requires 
greater  discretion  (during  the  winter  months 
especially)  than  the  application  of  manures  to 
plants.  Better  to  use  none  than  to  try  to  force 
plants  with  a  too  frequent  use  of  them.  Before 
using  any  manure  be  sure  the  plant  is  well  supplied 
with  roots.  It  is  well  to  vary  the  use  of  some 
approved  fertiliser  with  weak  farmyard  manure 
and  soot-water.  .Among  other  plants  requiring 
such  assistance  may  be  mentioned  .Arums, 
Cinerarias.  Cyclamen,  Primulas  and  Zonal  Pelar- 
goniums. 

Fruits  Under  Glass. 

Melons. — If  early  fruits  are  required  make  a 
sowing  of  seed  now.  Place  them  singlv  in  small 
pots  in  light  fibrous  loam  and  plunge  :ri  a  hoi-bed 
or  place  in  the  propagating  house.  If  no  such 
place  is  available,  plunge  the  pots  in  a  box  about 
12  inches  deep,  having  Coconut  fibre  or  sifted 
leaf-sou  in  it ;  cover  with  a  sheet  of  glass  and 
place  on  warm  pipes  where  a  temperature  of 
from  6'i''  Fahr.  to  75°  F'ahr.  can  be  maintained. 

Vines. — Continue  to  clean  the  mid-season  and 
late  houses  and  put  ready  for  starting  when 
required.  Top-dress  the  borders,  using  good 
fibrous  loam  to  which  has  been  added  some  wood- 
ash  and  bone-meal,  taking  care  to  make  the  whole 
firm.  Ascertain  if  the  borders  be  at  all  dry,  and 
if  so,  thoroughly  soak  with  tepid  water.  Where 
late  Vines  have  carried  heavy  crops  it  is  beneficial 
to  add  a  proportion  of  farmyard  liquid  manure  to 
help  them  regain  some  of  theirjlost  vitality.  A  vinery 
closed  now  for  starting  needs  but  little  fire-heat 
until  the  buds  are  moving  ;  let  the  night  tempera- 
ture be  about  45°  Fahr.,  or  even  less  if  the  weather 
be  very  cold.  Where  buds  are  swelling  in  earlier 
houses  a  slightly  higher  temperature  can  safely 
be  used,  taking  cai'e  to  avoid  high  night  tempera- 
ture. At  midday,  when  bright,  a  little  spraying 
may  be  practised,  but  avoid  excess. 

Figs. — Cleanse,  prune  and  train  late  trees. 
Be  sure  to  alio*  ample  room  between  the  growths 
when  tying  in.  If  top-dressing,  add  a  goodly 
share  of  old  mortar  rubble  to  the  compost. 

H.    TURMER 

'Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland.) 
Albury  Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Sowing  Seeds. — it  is  now  necessary  to  make 
a  few  early  sowings  of  seeds.  The  sowing  of  the 
main  batch  of  Onions  for  large  bulbs  should  be 
made  now.  Cranston's  Excelsior  and  Ailsa  Craig 
seem  to  retain  their  popularity  as  reliable  sorts 
and  with  us  prove  most  satisfactory.  Sow  in 
well-drained  boxes  filled  with  a  mixture  of  good 
loam,  leaf-mould  and  gritty  sand ;  see  that  it 
is  in  a  moderately  dry  condition,  press  firmly, 
and  sow  regularly  and  thinly.  F'ailing  a  well- 
heated  pit,  a  very  suitable  place  is  an  early 
Peach-house  or  Vinery.  A  sowing  of  Leeks  for 
early  work  may  be  made  in  like  manner. 

Forcing  Sealtale,  Rhubarb  and  Asparagus.-— 
Continue  the  planting  of  Rhubarb  and  Seakale 
for  forcing,  always  selecting  good  strong  crowns 
for  that  purpose.  Asparagus  should  also  be  put 
in,  as  a  dish  of  this  delectable  vegetable  early 
in  the  year  is  much  prized.  A  Mushroom-house 
is  preferred  for  the  first  two.  but  for  the  .Asparagus 
the  bed  of  a  .Melon-pit  is  most  suitable,  although 


23 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Peaches. — In  the  north  one  finds  that  Peaches 
are  generally  the  last  trees  on  the  wall  to  receive 
attention,  probably  owing  to  the  wood  being 
long  in  ripening.  Trees  should  now  be  untied 
and  the  young  growths  judiciously  thinned,  so 
that,  when  retied,  they  should  be  about  6  inches 
from  one  another. 

Damsons. — Where  space  is  limited  in  the  garden, 
a  few  plants  of  these  may  be  planted  with  advantage 
in  various  parts  of  the  pileasure  grounds,  their 
beauty  when  in  flower  being  only  surpassed  by 
their  utility  when  covered  with  fruit  in  autumn. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

The  Conservatory. — At  this  time  extra  effort 
must  be  made  to  keep  the  conser%'atory  as  bright 
as  possible.  Chrysanthemums  will  now  be  past, 
and  tall  flowering  plants  wUl  be  scarce  for  a  period, 
so  that  a  few  more  Palms  may  be  introduced 
and  win  give  a  pleasing  effect.  Cyclamen,  Primulas 
and  Geraniums  help  to  maintain  the  display 
Careful  watering  must  be  the  order,  while  the 
atmosphere  should  be  kept  as  buoyant  as  possible. 

Begonia  Gloire  de  Lorraine. — The  earlier 
batch  of  this  delightful  subject  having  been  cut 
over,   the  stools  should  be  put  into   a  warm  pit 


CISTUS     HIRSUTUS     OR     THK     H.AIRV     ROCK      ROSE. 


if  inside  accommodation  is  limited,  a  very  satis- 
factory batch  may  be  raised  by  means  of  a  well- 
made  hotbed.  It  is  essential  that  strong  crowns 
be  used,  or  the  crop  may  prove  disappointing. 

General  Work. — Should  the  weather  be  stormy 
and  unsuitable  for  outside  work,  advantage  may 
be  taken  to  inspect  roots  in  store.  Potatoes 
especially  require  an  occasional  look  over.  Useful 
labels  mav  also  be  prepared,  while  all  implements 
should  be  examined  and  any  necessary  repairs 
attended  to.  Lawn-mowers  especially  should  be 
sharpened  and  made  ready  for  use  when  required. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Michaelmas  Daisies.— Beds  of  these  in  want 
of  replanting  may  now  be  taken  in  hand.  Being 
gross  feeders,  the  bed  soon  becomes  exhausted, 
so  that  the  impoverished  soil  should  be  augmented 
by  a  generous  supplv  of  well-rotted  cow  manure. 
The  soil  from  Melon'  or  Cucumber  beds  may  also 
be  used  with  advantage,  these  generally  being 
rich  in  unexhausted  manures.  .Among  the  strong- 
growing  varieties  of  .Asters,  Climax  and  Beauty 
of  Colwall  are  prime  favourites,  both  for  their 
good  qualities  as  cut  flowers  and  their  handsome 
appearance  when  planted  in  bold  groups  in  the 
flower  garden. 

The  Rock  Garden. — -This  should  now  be  looked 
over  and  the  decayed  foliage  and  leaves  removed, 
while  the  surface  mav  be  scarified  with  a  small 
cultivator.  Some  of '  the  more  tender  subjects 
should  be  protected  from  slugs,  either  by  dusting 
with  soot  or  by  ringing. 


or  stove  near  the  glass,  so  that  they  may  throw 
nice  stocky  cuttings. 

James  McGrav. 
(Gardener  to  Sir  "Henry  H    Houldsworth,  Bart.) 
Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


CISTUS    HIRSUTUS 

This  Rock  Rose  is  very  well  named,  being  very 
downy  and  thickly  clothed  with  hairs  in  all  its 
parts.  A  shrubby  and  freely  branching  bush,  it  is 
wide  spreading  compared  with  its  height,  which  is 
usually  from  sj  feet  to  4  feet.  The  leaves  arc 
ovate-oblong  up  to  2}  inches  long  and  about 
one-third  in  width,  sessile  and  three-nerved.  The 
white  blossoms  are  about  ij  inches  in  diameter, 
yellow  at  the  base,  produced  several  together  in 
terminal  cymes.  The  Hairy  Rock  Rose  is  free- 
flowering  and  a  fairly  hardy  species,  if  the  garden 
is  cold  it  should  not  be  difficult  to  find  a  sheltered, 
suimy  corner  where  it  will  thrive.  .An  old  garden 
plant,  Cistus  hirstus  is  a  native  of  Spain  and  other 
parts  of  Southern  Europe.  Rock  Roses  cross  so 
readily,  it  is  scarcely  safe  to  collect  seeds  for 
propagation,  except  when  the  plants  are  growing 
in  isolated  positions.  Cuttings  may  be  inserted 
now  in  a  prepared  bed  of  sandy  soil  iu  a  cold 
frame  or  under  a  handlight. 


24 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  8,  1921. 


PLANTING     FRUIT    TREES 

VARIETIES  THAT  SHOULD  BE  MORE  FREELY  PLANTED. 


WITHIN  comparatively  few  milts  of 
Nottingham  three  of  the  finest 
cooking  Apples  of  the  whole 
world  have  been  raised,  viz., 
Bramley's  Seedling  of  Southwell ; 
Newton  Wonder,  sent  out  from  Lowdham 
and  raised  just  over  the  Derbyshire  border ; 
and  that  very  excellent  Apple  Annie  Elizabeth, 
from  Leicsster.  All  three  of  these  varieties 
do  exceptionally  well  on  stiff,  heaw  soil, 
and  they  are  among  the  three  best  keepers 
in  commerce  ;  indeed,  they  are  excellent  dessert 
Apples  from  April  onwards,  and  we  have  known 
Annie  Elizabeth  to  keep  till  September,  when 
the   new   crop   is  ripening. 

Trees  on  Arrival. — When  the  trees  arrive, 
unpack  and,  if  a  large  quantity,  lay  them  in  the 
soil  at  once  and  cover  the  roots.  Should  the  trees 
arrive  in  a  withered  state,  due  to  delay  on  rail, 
place  them  in  a  pond  or  any  water  for  a  few  liours- 


earlv  culinary  Apple  the  Rev.  W.  Wilks  is  excellent- 
We  know  of  no  other  Apple  tliat  comes  so  qaickly 
into  bearing.  The  fruits  are  very  large,  creamy 
yellow  in  colour,  and  so  free  that  trees  planted 
now  would,  normally,  bear  well  next  year.  The 
variety  Charles  Ross  raised  in  the  Newbury  district 
docs  well  in  thin  soils  on  chalk,  and  is  already  a 
popular  market  App'e  for  dessert  and  cooking. 

Dessert  Apples. — One  of  the  fintst  Apples  of 
recent  introduction  is  unquestionably  Ellison's 
Orange.  It  has  been  admirably  shown  during 
the  last  few  years  at  the  fruit  exhibitions  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  In  the  opinion 
i.f  some  of  our  leading  .\pple  experts  it  is  second 
only  to  Cox's  Orange  Pippin  in  flavour,  but  it 
is  a  larger  fruit  and  even  better  in  colour  than 
the  favourite.  It  is  very  fertile  and  vigorous, 
and  is  in  season  diu'ing  October  and  November. 
This  is  an  .■Vpple  that  pleases  everyone.  Another 
.\pple  of  similar  quality,  tlinugh  somewhat  earlier 


Si: 


'.S; 


\r 


* 


APPLE     CHARLES     ROSS     DOES     WELL     ON     THIN     SOILS     OVER     CH.\LK. 


If  they  arrive  in  a  frost,  do  not  unpack  them  ; 
place  each  bundle  of  trees  in  a  barn  or  shed,  anel 
cover  with  straw  until  the  frost  disappears. 

Varieties    that    should     be    more     Freely 

Planted. — ^The  object  of  this  selection  is  to  elraw 
attention  to  some  very  excellent  fruits  that  are 
loo  often  overlooked  at  the  planting  season. 
Some  of  the  varieties  mentioned  have  been  in 
cultivation  many  years,  but  are  still  compara- 
tively little  known. 

Cooking  Apples. — Of  the  b?st  k-eping  varieties 
there  is  nothing  to  equal  the  three  already  men- 
tioned, viz.,  Bramley's  Seedling,  Newton  Wonder 
and  Annie  Elizabeth.  The  newer  variety 
Edward  VII  is  coming  to  the  fore  as  a  market 
.\pple.  It  is  similar  to  Golden  Noble,  but  a 
better  bearer,  and  it  is  an  excellent  variety  for 
regrafting  old  and  unsatisfactory  standard  trees  ; 
that  is  to  say,  it  quicldy  makes  a  young  heael 
on  old  shoulders.  The  fruits  are  large  and  keep 
well,  but  it  cannot  be  compared  to  the  three 
foregoing    Apples    for    cooking    qualities.     .\s    an 


and  smaller,  is  St.  Everard — virtually  an  early 
Cox's  Orange  Pippin— a  yellow  fleshed  Apple, 
crisp,  juicy  and  aromatic.  Sooner  or  later  this 
variety  will  find  its  way  into  every  garden  worthy 
of  the  name  in  the  country;  so  far,  the  supply 
is  not  equal  to  the  demand.  James  Grieve  is 
another  early  elessert  ,\pple  that  can  strongly 
be  recommended.  In  The  Garden  Apple  Audit 
of  last  year  it  was  placed  third  among  the  best 
flavoured  .\pples  in  cultivation,  the  other  two 
being  Cox's  Orange  Pippin  and  Ribston  Pippin. 
If  other  early  dessert  .\pples  are  requirce  we 
recommend  Langley  Pippin  and  Miller's  Seedling  ; 
the  writer  has  been  familiar  with  the  latter  for 
over  twenty  years.  It  was  raised  at  Newbury 
and  is  widely  planted  in  the  Berkshire  orchards, 
but  is  comparatively  little  known  in  other 
counties.  It  is  a  creamy  yellow  Apple,  flushed 
bright  crimson  ;  very  sweet  and  juicy,  and  in 
season  in  August. 

Dessert   Pears. — We  so  often  hear  complaints 
about  Pear  trees  growing  vigorously  and  bearing 


no  fruit.  In  these  circumstances  the  trees  should 
be  root  pruned  or  lifted  in  the  early  auttimn. 
There  is  an  old  variety,  named  Thompson's, 
all  too  often  overlooked.  It  is  second  only  to 
Doyenne  du  Cornice  in  flavour,  and  is  in  season 
dtiring  October  and  November.  Thee  who 
are  on  the  look  out  for  a  late  keeping  dessert  Pear 
should  try  Santa  Claus,  a  large  brown  russet  Pear 
with  melting  flesh,  the  delicious  fr  tits  of  which 
are  in  season  at  Christmas. 

Plums,  Damsons  and  Bullaces. — For  jam- 
making  there  are  few,  if  any.  Plums  to  equal 
Black  Diamond  ;  its  very  large  black  frui's  are 
preferred  to  all  other  Plums  in  the  Ivitchen.  It 
is  a  thousand  pities  that  the  old  Green  Gage  is 
dropping  out  of  cultivation.  There  is  nothing 
to  approach  it  for  flavour,  but  it  is  so  shy  bearing, 
and  few  are  disposed  to  wait  five  or  six  years 
for,  at  the  most,  a  moderate  crop  of  its  luscious 
fruits.  Like  Coe's  Golden  Drop  and  Jefferson, 
the  Green  Gage  does  best  on  a  wall.  Of  Damsons 
there  is  nothing  to  equal  the  Merryweather.  It 
is  as  vigorous  as  a  Victoria  Plum  and  commences 
to  fruit  as  soon  as  the  tree  is  two  or  tliree  years 
e>ld.  The  fruits  are  as  large  as  Plums,  with  the 
true  Damson  flavour.  It  is  a  sure  croppex,  and 
for  bottling  it  is  all  that  could  be  desuxel.  So 
many  Damsons  are  more  than  half  stones — not 
so  the  Merryweather,  the  fruits  of  which,  by 
virtue  of  their  size,  could  easily  be  mistaken  for 
Plums.  BuUace  Plums  are  not  sufficiently  grown 
—  they  extend  the  Plum  season  well  into  the 
autumn  and  do  well  as  hedgerow  trees,  or  as  a 
protection  to  the  orchard  on  its  bleakest  aide. 
The  Langley  is  the  pick  of  the  Bullaces,  though 
it  is  sometimes  a  few  years  bcfeire  it  comes  into 
full  bearing.  H.   C. 

What   Can  be   Done  with 
Movable   Frames 

THE  production  of  the  best  early  flowers 
and  vegetables  ought  to  be  considered 
not  merely  a  pleasure,  but  a  necessity, 
in  every  garden.  Every  garden, 
whether  small  or  large,  should  possess 
several  frames ;  and  they  are  especially  useful  to 
those  who  wish  to  produce  their  own  vegetables. 
Let  us  suppose,  then,  that  the  gardener  has  had 
a  frame  constructed.  In  February,  in  the  warmest 
position  at  his  disposal,  he  will  dig  a  pit,  three 
feet  deep,  of  the  same  length  and  width  as 
the  frame.  The  pit  must  be  filled  with  barrow- 
loads  of  manure  and  the  same  of  leaves,  over  this 
must  be  spread  the  soil  excavated,  then  rover  the 
whole  with  the  frame,  and  around  it  pack  lea\'es 
and  manure.  Eight  days  after  seeds,  as  desired, 
may  be  sown — early  and  Roman  Lettuce.  Cabbage 
.Milan,  a  few  Leeks  for  use  in  May  and  June, 
and  Cauliflowers  for  planting  out  in  .April.  .\ 
little  Radish  seed  may  also  be  sown  as  a  supple- 
mentary crop.  .As  soon  as  the  seedlings  appear 
above  the  soil  air  must  be  admitted  every  day.  In 
.\pril  the  frame  may  be  taken  away  and  the  seed- 
lings exposed  to  the  open  air.  The  frame  should 
then  be  placed  over  the  spot  in  the  garden  pre- 
pared for  the  sowing  of  such  annuals  as  Petunias, 
Zinnias,  .Amaranthuses,  Balsams  and  Ten-week 
Stocks,  which  need  shelter  for  their  development.  In 
May  the  frame  can  again  be  taken  away,  and  placed 
either  over  the  first  hot-bed  or  over  a  fresh  one, 
where  some  Melon  seed  may  be  sown  ;  two  roots 
may  remain  in  each  frame,  the  others  being  planted 
on  a  slope  or  on  the  level.  In  July  the  Melons 
being  uncovered  the  frame  can  be  placed  in  the 
shade,  where  it  will  serve  for  striking  cuttings  from 
Pinks,  or  for  sowing  Pansies,  Myosotis,  and  other 
spring    flowers.     In    September,    if    some    of    the 


January  S.  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


25 


Melons  are  backward,  the  frame  can  be  replaced 
over  them,  and  this  will  soon  bring  them  to 
maturity. 

In  October,  on  the  old  hot-bed.  some  Lettuce  rtay 
be  planted,  which  will  be  fit  for  use  in  December,  or 
the  frames  can  be  placed  over  early  Carrots  sown 
in  August,  and  which  will  then  be  good  for  the 
whole  winter.  Radishes  may  also  be  sown  in 
October,  and  if  covered  by  a  frame  in  November 
will  be  lit  for  use  until  January  ;  or,  again,  there 
may  be  a  small  plot  of  Sorrel,  which,  if  covered  up 
in  autumn,  can  be  preserved  throughout  the  winter. 
Endive  and  Chicory  can  also  be  kept  under  a  frame 
until  March.  If  \'iolets  are  planted  under  a  frame 
in  October  they  will  blossom  during  part  of  the 
winter.  If  a  frame  is  placed  over  a  bed  of  Straw- 
berries fruit  may  be  gathered  in 
the  beginning  of  May.  If  dwarf 
Peas  are  sown  under  a  frame  in 
January  they  will  bear  by  the  end 
of  April.  If  Haricot  Beans  arc 
sown  under  glass  in  the  early  days 
of  April  a  gathering  may  be  had  at 
the  end  of  May.  Thus  the  frame 
is  useful  everywhere,  and  all  the 
year  round,  and  what  has  been  said 
of  one  will  apply  to  more.  Our 
climate  is  subject  to  short  spells  of 
very  cold  weather,  and  in  one 
night  we  may  lose  the  work  of 
several  months,  yet  the  protection 
of  a  sheet  or  frame  will  safeguard 
young  plants,  and  advance  growth 
by  several  weeks.  .\  little  book 
just  issued*  has  been  speciallv 
written  to  show  readers  how  the\- 
can  increase  the  produce  of  their 
gardens  by  the  use  of  movable 
frames.  It  is  full  of  practical 
suggestions,  and  shows  how  the 
same  frames  with  the  minimum 
amount  of  labour  can  be  used  for 
successive  crops  in  different  parts 
of  the  garden  the  whole  year  round. 
It  may  be  objected  that  the 
management  of  hot-beds  demands 
a  certain  amount  of  knowledge  and 
skill ;  but  with  a  little  practice 
and  observation  this  will  be  easil\- 
acquired.  F.   B. 


The   Late   Henry  F.   C.  Sander, 

V.M.H. 

HEXRV  F.  C.  SANDER  was  born  in 
1847.  When  quite  a  boy  he  exhibited 
that  love  for  plants  which  later  found 
its  outlet  in  the  famous  nurseries  he 
established  at  St.  Albans,  England, 
and  at  Bruges.  Belgium.  In  1867  he  entered  the 
Nurseries  of  Messrs.  Carter,  then  at  Forest  Hill, 
where  he  gained  an  insight  into  the  varied  branches 
of  their  business.  It  was  there  that  he  formed 
his  first  connection  with  Orchids,  for  he  met 
Benedict  Roezl,  the  famous  explorer  and  plant 
collector.     The  two  collaborated — Roezl  to   collect 


Capsicum  and  Chili 


These    are    interesting    and    orna- 
mental plants.     Ornamental   Capsi- 
cums    are     all     adapted     for     pot 
culture  and  make  good  conservatory 
or   table  plants.       Both  Chilis  and 
Capsicums    can    be   used   as   pickle 
ingredients,   flavouring   condiments, 
and    non    pungent     varieties    may 
be  boiled   and  used   as   vegetables. 
Seeds  of  Capsicums  should  be  sown 
on     a     hot-bed     within    the     next 
few  mjuths,    using    light    and  rich 
soil.     Pot   off   the   plants   as   they   develop,    first 
keeping  them  on  a  mild  hot-bed,  and  then  passing 
to  a  warm  house,   conservatory  or  vinery.     Pots 
of  5  inches  to  8  inches  are  the  most  suitable.     The 
treatment  for  Chili  (Bird  Pepper)  is  that  required 
for  tender  annuals,  the  seed^being  sown  at  the  end 
of  March,  on  a  mild  hot -bed  or  in  a  sunny  frame. 
It  is  then  necessary  to  nurse  the  plants  carefully 
until  the  beginning  of  June,   when  they  may  be 
planted  out  under  a  hot  wall  or  fence.     In  favour- 
able situations  in  the  South  seed  may  be  sown  in 
the  open  about  the  middle  of  May.         L.  M.  M. 


•  "Cultivation   with    Movable    Frames,"     by   Herbert 
Cowloy.     Published  by  Country  Life.  Ltd.     Price,  9d. 


THE     GIANT     OF     THE     ORCHID     FAMILY. 

and  send  Orchids,  Cacti,  &c.,  to  Mr.  Sander  w-ho, 
establishing  himself  soon  after  in  George  Street, 
St.  Albans  as  a  seed  merchant,  received  and 
disposed  of  the  plants  to  their  mutual  advantage. 
In  1873  Mr.  Sander  built  his  first  greenhouse 
almost  entirely  with  his  own  hands.  Still  the 
business  grew,  and  when  Roezl  retired,  his  nephews 
confined  the  work  of  collecting  Orchids  for  Mr. 
Sander.  The  demand  for  Orchids  grew,  and  for 
several  years  Mr  Sander  had  regular  Orchid  sales 
in  London  on  four  days  in  the  week.  By  sending 
his  collectors  to  then  unexplored  countries  and 
districts  he  was  able  to  obtain  a  stream  of  fine 
novelties — among  others  Vanda  Sanderiana. 
.^irides    Sanderiana,    Cattleya    gigas    Sanderiuna, 


Cypripedium  insigne  Sandera-,  Cymbidium  Sanderi 
Acalypha  Dracaena  and  Nicotiana  Sanderiana 
are  commemorative  of  his  enterprise.  These  and 
the  introduction  in  quantity  of  Dendrobium 
phatenopsis  Schroederianum,  Cattleya  labiata  vera 
and  the  discovery  of  Cattleya  Schroderae  gained 
him  renown  in  the  horticultural  world.  He 
would  not  be  disheartened,  and  when  the  first 
consignment  of  the  then  so  valuable  Dendrobium 
was  burnt  up  in  the  sailing  vessel  chartered  for 
their  carriage  he  immediately  cabled  the  collector 
to  go  back  and  get  more. 

During  those  years  also  the  hybridisation  of 
Orchids  was  begun  and  very  successfully  carried 
on  at  St.  .Albans  under  his  supervision.  In  18S6 
he  published  the  "  Reichenbachia,"  a  large 
descriptive  book  on  Orchids,  in 
which  life-sized  illustrations  were 
the  main  feature.  The  majority 
of  the  paintings  were  drawn  and 
the  lithographs  supervised  by  the 
late  Mr.  H.  G.  Moon,  his  son-in-law. 
who  first  met  him  in  connection 
with  his  work.  In  1894  Mr.  Sander 
started  a  new  venture  and  he 
founded  the  nursery  at  St.  Andre, 
just  outside  the  gate  of  the  ancient 
City  of  Bruges  in  Belgium. 

The  war  brought  to  Mr.  Sander 
intense  anxiety  ;  not  only  because 
of  the  members  of  his  family  out 
in  France,  but  because  the  nursery 
he  bad  founded  and  built  with  such 
infinite  care  and  labour  quickly 
passed  into  the  enemy's  hands, 
and  he  never  knew  from  dav  to 
day  whether  it  was  destroyed  or 
whether  the  property  had  been 
sequestered,  but  he  had  the  satisfac- 
tion of  returning  there  after  the 
war  to  find  a  good  deal  saved, 
thanks  to  the  efforts  of  his 
manager,  Mr.  June  Mellstrom.  who 
staved  off  the  sale  of  the  nurser.\- 
after  its  sequestration  until  just  too 
late,  in  September,  1917,  to  carry 
it  through.  He  passed  away  on 
December  23,  1920,  in  a  nursing 
home  at  Bruges,  peacefully  during 
a  sudden  relapse 
^  

Grammatophyllum 
speciosum 

The  fine  example  of  this  gigantic 
Orchid  represented  in  the  accom- 
panying illustration  was  one  of  the 
many  \aluable  gifts  made  to  the 
Royal  Gardens.  Kew,  by  the  late 
Mr.  Sander  in  1893.  It  was  the 
largest  plant  known  in  the  Malay 
Peninsular,  and  at  considerable 
"  '    ti',  '^°^'   ^^  secured   it  with  the  inten- 

..  tion  of  exhibiting  it  at  the  Great 
Chicago  Exhibition.  Owing  to  an  accident  on 
the  voyage  home  the  plant  was  somewhat  damaged, 
and  Mr.  Sander  presented  it  to  Kew,  where  for 
many  years  it  has  been  a  conspicuous  object  in 
the  Victoria  Regia  House  and  has  flowered  se\eral 
times.  It  is  now  much  reduced  in  size.  Before 
it  was  removed  from  the  Penang  Forest  it  measured 
40  feet  in  circumference  and  had  seventy-three 
pseudobulbs.  When  it  first  flowered  at  Kew  the 
pseudobulbs  were  10  feet  high,  thick  as  a  man's 
wrist,  and  very  strong.  Wild  plants  have  been 
known  to  bear  thirty  spikes  of  flowers,  each  flower 
measuring  6  inches  across,  the  colour  being  tawny 
yellow  with  brown  purple  blotches.  It  is  the 
giant  of  the  Orchid  family. 


26 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  8,  1921. 


POULTRY      NOTES 

By     W.     POWELL-OWEN,     F.B.S.A. 


NHW  is  the  time  to  be  planning  for  the 
1 9::  I  hatching  season.  To  be  always 
early  means  success  in  poultry-keeping, 
and  yet  so  many  are  content  to  be  late 
with  their  arrangements  year  after 
year  without  taking  steps  to  profit  by  the  previous 
season's  mistakes. 

Adopt  Progressive  Methods.^The  general 
farmer  is  a  good  example  in  that  he  hatches  late 
and,  in  fact,  is  always  late  with  all  things  affecting 
his  poultry.  Consequently,  he  is  denied  the 
legitimate  profits  from  his  fowls  and  is  content 
to  declare  beforehand  just  as  his  father  and  grand- 
father before  him  did  :  "  Every  hen  dies  in  debt." 
If  he  would  only  get  out  of  the  groove  and  profit 
by  past  mistakes  he  would  find  poultry  more 
profitable  than  any  other  crop  or  stock  on  the  farm. 
One  of  the  secrets  of  success  in  poultry-keeping 
is  to  hatch  early  and  to  be  in  time  with  all  schedules ; 
in  a  nutshell,  it  means  adopting  progressive 
methods.  Considering,  however,  that  one  can. 
as  a  reward,  treble  one's  hen  profits,  it  is  well 
worth  the  trouble. 

Early  Chickens  Pav. — The  early  chicken  is  the 
one  that  brings  in  maximum  profit  and  that  should 
be  the  first  lesson  whether  60  or  600  head  of  stock 
is  kept.  When  hatched  out  from  January  to  April 
your  early  cockerels  come  into  the  market  when 
there  is  a  great  demand  for  spring  table  chickens 
and  at  top  prices.  Your  late  cockerels  merely 
come  to  market  when  there  is  a  glut  and  prices 
are  low.  But  it  needs  the  same  amount  of  time, 
labour,  food  and  housing  accommodation  for  the 
late  as  for  the  early  broods,  so  why  not  be  early 
and  increase  your  profits  ?  The  very  early  pullets 
will  all  be  in  lay  by  late  summer  and  will  fill  the 
egg-baskets  while  the  adult  birds  are  resting  in  the 
moult  and  at  a  time  when  eggs  are  not  so  plentiful, 
^'oii  catch  a  rising  market  with  these  eggs  and, 
consequently,  must  benefit. 

Mate  Up  the  Pens.- — Drive  home  the  first  nail 
therefore  by  mating  up  all  your  heavy-breed  pens 
now  and  the  light  breeds  a  few  weeks  later.  The 
best  mating  is  undoubtedly  hens  to  a  vigorous 
early  hatched  cockerel  of  the  current  year.  Hens 
are  more  experienced  than  pullets  and,  conse- 
quently, give  stronger  chicks,  while  the  eggs  are 
more  fertile  and  also  hatch  better  in  incubators 
The  chicks,  too,  will  grow  better  and  make  larger 
birds  than  those  hatched  from  pullet  matings. 
If  you  must  use  pullets  let  them  be  hatched  nice 
and  early,  and  let  the  cockerels  used  be  fully 
matured  and  vigorous.  To  use  May  pullets 
mated  with  a  Jime  cockerel  is  not  at  all  sound  ; 
there  must  be  age  in  the  mating  because  with  age 
go-  maturity  and  ripeness  for  breeding. 

Selecting  the  Breeders. — One  needs  to  select 
carefully  the  birds  that  are  to  be  the  breeders  •. 
many  fail  in  not  being  able  to  select  a  tip-top 
male  bird.  The  main  thing  is  to  select  from  several 
so  that  one  can  be  sure  of  having  ample  choice. 
Never  use  a  cockerel  just  because  he  happens  to 
be  handy  and  is  the  only  one,  unless  his  qualities 


pass  the  test.  The  male  bud  is  nine- tenths  of  the 
mating,  and  yet  we  find  poultry-keepers  who  think 
that  "  any  old  male  will  do."  I  am  always  keen 
on  having  a  male  that  is  built  on  fine  textured  lines 
— a  racehorse  and  not  a  carthorse — because  that  is 
the  type  that  will  breed  heavy-laying  progeny. 
Avoid  big,  coarse  males  with  abnormally  large 
combs  and  wattles  ;  the  head  points  should  be 
of  fine  texture  and  not  beefy.  You  may  guess 
what  is  my  ideal  when  I  say  that  I  prefer  to  be 
able  to  grasp  the  wattles  with  my  fingers  and  not 
with  my  open  hand. 

Choosing  the  Male  Bird. — The  poultry- keeper 
who  owns  graded  stocks  will  always  reap  a  better 
harvest  than  the  one  who  keeps  ungiaded  flocks. 
Practise  grading  from  the  start,  setting  only 
selected  eggs  and  avoiding  any  that  are  of  abnormal 
size  or  shape,  thin-shelled,  and  so  on.  Mark  all 
chickens  that  ail  during  the  growing  stages  by 
placing  a  special  coloured  ring  on  the  left  leg 
of  each.  At  a  later  date  refrain  from  using  such 
bitds  in  the  breeding  pen  ;  that  plan  will  help 
to  ensure  stamina  in  your  strain.  In  like  manner 
when  you  need  eighty  pullets  rear  a  hundred  so  that 
you  can  cull  out  the  twenty  that  are  inferior  to 
the  others  ;  and  when  you  need  a  cockerel  select 
him  from  several.  I  prefer  to  set  aside  a  few  of  the 
best  male  birds  and  to  examine  theoi  closely 
month  by  month  to  make  sure  of  usin^  the  best. 
A  male  bird  that  is  of  nice  appearance  at  four 
months  may  turn  out  to  be  a  low-grade  bird  at 
six  months  ; ,  that  is  why  one  should  keep  several 
up  to  maturitv  in  order  to  provide  a  better  selection. 

Signs  of  Stamina. — For  breeding  select  a  male 
that  is  keen  and  business-like,  and  one  that  takes 
an  interest  in  his  hens  and  in  things  in  general. 
Let  him  be  very  broad  across  the  back  and  wide 
between  the  legs.  Let  him,  too,  stand  and  run 
firmly  on'  his  pins  and  not  be  knock-kneed  or 
flat-chested.  ,^uch  is  the  male  bird  that  wii: 
breed  robust  chicks  and  give  little  trouble  by  way 
of  infertility.  It  is  quite  easy  to  test  the  breeding 
value  of  a  male  after  he  has  been  mated.  In  his 
presence  pick  up  a  hen  and  make  her  "  cackle"  ; 
if  he  takes  notice  and  resents  it  he  will  be  a  likely 
breeder.  I  often  apply  the  -same  test  inside  the 
poultry  house  and  with  the  male  well  down  the 
run ;  if  he  hastens  up  the  run  into  the  house  he 
passes  the  test.  The  best  breeding  male  is 
generally  spiteful  to  the  owner  during  the  hatching 
season,  a  point  that  is  often  overlooked  by  the 
poultry-keeper  who  is  too  eager  to  say.  "  What 
a  spiteful  beast."  But  if  the  male  is  spiteful 
to  the  hens  that  is  not  a  good  point  of  merit. 

Condition  of  Breeders. — it  is  very  important 
that  breeding  stock  should  be  kept  in  good  con- 
dition if  the  best  fertility  and  hatching  results  are 
to  be  achieved.  If  the  breeding  birds  are  over- fed 
one  must  not  expect  either  strong  fertility  or  robust 
chicks ;  the  same  will  happen  if  the  birds  are 
under-fed.  An  over-fat  hen  is  never  of  much  use 
to  the  owner,  whether  as  layer  or  breeder.  Some 
males  are  bad  feeders,  letting  the  hens  feed  before 
they  themselves  take  any  food.  In  such  cases  they 
must  be  fed  daily  by  themselves  or  they  will  soon 
fall  out  of  condition.  During  the  breeding  season 
it  is  a  safe  rule  now  and  then  to  visit  the  roosts  at 
night  and  to  examine  the  crops  of  the  male  birds. 
If  a  cockerel  has  a  fuU  crop  continuously  the  owner 
will  know  that  he  is  feeding  well ;  if  a  bird,  how- 
ever, has  an  empty  crop  he  must  be  marked  so 


that  he  can  be  led  by  himself  daily  and  can  be 
watched  closely  for  condition. 

Scratching  Exercise  for  Hens. — When  mating 
up  the  pens  do  not  include  any  hens  that  are 
internally  over  fat.  Also  be  sure  that  the  breeding, 
hens  are  provided  with  ample  scratching  exercise 
during  the  hatching  season  to  ensure  fitness. 
Bury  all  grain  deeply  in  the  litter.  See  also  that  the 
birds  are  provided  with  ample  green  food,  while 
now  and  then  they  will  be  all  the  better  for  an 
aperient.  Once  a  week,  for  instance,  a  teaspoonful 
of  Glauber's  salt  can  be  added  to  the  hot  water 
over  the  mash  for  each  six  adult  birds.  An 
occasional  meal  of  raw  minced  onions  will  act  as  a 
useful  tonic. 

To  Tell  Condition. — When  mating  up  the  pens 
be  sure  to  handle  every  female  for  condition. 
Place  the  thumb  and  finger  of  the  right  hand 
well  into  the  abdomen  (the  thumb  on  one  side  and 
the  finger  on  the  other)  and  withdraw  under  gentle 
pressure.  The  abdomen  should  not  have  the 
"  bladder-of-lard"  feel  about  it,  but  should  be 
silky  and  pliable.  .\s  one  passes  beyond  the  organs 
and  reaches  the  skin,  hold  the  latter  to  see  that 
there  is  not  a  thick  layer  of  fat  underneath. 
Whether  for  laying  or  breeding,  condition  plays 
a  very  important  part  in  achieving  maximum 
results ;  every  poultry-keeper  should  get  to  know- 
by  observation  what  condition  his  flocks  are  in. 
When  a  hen  becomes  fat  the  internal  organs  are 
enclosed  in  a  bag  of  fat  which  readily  interferes 
with  their  functioning,  .l.s  a  result  the  organs 
get  sluggish  and  are  pressed  into  small  compass. 
What  is  more,  the  gizzard  is  pushed  up  against  the 
oviduct  to  interfere  with  the  passage  of  the 
eggs. 

Cause  of  Overfat  Condition. — it  may  generally 
be  considered  that  something  is  wrong  with  feeding 
or  management  when  a  flock  of  fowls  become 
overfat.  It  may  be  due  to  the  owner  supplying 
an  excess  of  fattening  foodstuffs,  such  as  barley, 
maize,  barley- meal,  maize-meal,  potatoes,  potato - 
peelings  and  the  like.  The  remedy  lies  in  com- 
pletely altering  the  menu,  but  it  is  not  an  easy 
matter  to  get  overfat  birds  fit  again  quickly,  so 
that  the  soundest  plan  is  to  prevent  overfat  con- 
dition by  feeding  the  fowls  judiciously.  Often 
in  a  flock  an  odd  bird  will  get  overfat,  but  this 
may  be  traced  to  greediness  or  low-grade  quality. 
Being  a  greedy  feeder  the  bird  gorges,  and  being 
a  poor  layer  there  are  few-  eggs  to  use  up  the  food 
eaten.  The  first  symptom  of  overfat  condition 
is  very  often  the  laying  of  soft-sheUed  or  badly 
shaped  eggs,  and  that  is  why  egg-eating  can 
readily  foUo-n-  as  the  result  of  tasting  the  yolks. 


ADVICE   ON    POULTRY   MATTERS. 

Mr.  W.  Powell-Owen,  The  Garden  Poultry 
Expert,  will  be  pleased  to  answer,  tree  of  charge,  any 
question  dealing  with  poultry-keeping.  A  stamped 
and  addressed  envelope  should  be  enclosed,  when  a 
lengthy  and  detailed  reply  will  be  posted  promptly. 
Communications  should  be  sent  to  Mr.  W.  Powell- 
Owen,  care  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock  Street. 
Strand,  W.C.2.  Samples  of  foods  {report  thereon  and 
suggested  use),  is.  6d.  :  post-mortems,  2S.  6d.  each. 
Send  samples  and  dead  fowls  (latter  by  rail  and  letters 
under  separate  cover)  direct  to  W.  Powell-Owen. 
"  Powell-Owen  "  Poultry  Bureau,  47A,  High  Street, 
Hampstead,  .V.W.3. 


January  8.    iqzi. 


THE     GARDEN. 


T  Awarded  143  Gold  Medals  at  the  leading 

*l^  Shows. 

I    BOLTON'S 

+  THE     LEADING     HOUSE     FOB 

i  Sweet  Peas 


+ 

•J 

4^ 


BOLTON'S  POPULAR  COLLECTIONS 
OF  GIANT-FLOWERED  SWEET  PEAS. 

All  Seeds  are  carefully  hand-picJccd,  and  all  small, 
poor  or  doubtful  Seeds  are  taken  out. 

No.  1    COLLECTION. 

Includes  the  finest  noveltUs  of  recent  years. 

Picture,  Glory,  Annie  Ire-land.  Hawlmark  Pink, 
Mrs.  Tom  Jones,  Mrs.  Arnold  Hitchcock,  Felton's 
Cream,  Edith  Cavell,  Tangerine  Improved, 
Valentine,  King  Alfred,  Charity,  Constance  Hinton, 
Jean  Ireland,  R.  F.  Felton,  Gold  Medal,  Commander 
Godsal,  Alexander  Malcolm,  Market  Pink, 
Splendour,  iLigic. 

The  above  choice,  up-to-date  varieties,  15  seeds 
..f  each.  106  posl   tree. 

No.  2  COLLECTION.  ^ 

Picture,  Hawlmark  Pink,  Mrs.  Tom  Jones,  Annie 
Ireland,  Felton's  Cream,  Orange  Perfection,  R.  F. 
Felton,  Charity,  Valentine,  The  Lady  Evelyn. 
Barbara,  Royal  Purple. 

The  above  choice  varieties,  15  seeds  of  each. 
5  -  post  free. 

No.  3  COLLECTION. 

Glory,    Hawlmark    Pink.    Annie    Ireland,  R.    F. 
Felton,'   Charity,    Market   Pink,   Felton's   Cream. 
The  above  seven  exhibition  varieties,  2^6  post  free. 

Catalogue  post  free  on  request. 

ROBERT  BOLTON, 

The  Sweet   Pea   Specialist. 

BAYTHORNEND  (halIteV)    ESSEX. 

The  llnufr  for  true  stocks  of  English  Grown  Seeds. 


> 

> 


^j>«y  <y«iy«<iy»|ii>iM»iM>^ 


KING'S  Acre 

75  Gold  Medals  and  18  Silver 
Cups  Awarded  to  our  Exhibits 
during     Seasons     1909-1920. 

160  ACRES 


INCLUDING 


FRUIT 
VINI 


3 

FOREST  AND  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES  AND  SHRUBS,  ALPINE 
AND  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 


New  Catalogues,  containing  much  use- 
ful information,  free  upon  application. 


I  King's   Acre    Nurseries  I 
I  HEREFORD.   Ltd.    | 


A  BEAUTIFUL  EDITION 


Pennells  Garden  Guide 


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THE   NEW   RASPBERRY 

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CARNATIONS 


FOR     ANY     AND 
EVERY     PURPOSE 


LARGE  FLOWERING   PLANTS  in  6  in.  Pots  for  Green- 
house or  G.irden  cultivjtion.  trom  35/-  per  dozen,  carrijfit 
e.\:ra.     ImmeJiite  or  deferred  delivery. 


ALLWOODII. 


The  new  hardy  Garden  Plant.  H  jlf  Pink  and  half  Carnation 
it  needs  no  culture,  but  srows  by  itself  anywhere,  and  Hewers 
perpetually  from  Spri  i^  to  Winter.  We  can  give  immediate 
delivery,  and  offer  the  undermentioned  collection  >  : — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties,  11/- 

Coll.No.2b,— 9  distinct  varieties  (mcluding  3  novel ties),23/6 

Coll.   ^o.    3b.  — 12     dis'inct    varieties    (inclu  iln^    all   h 

novelties),  40- 

Carriage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET.    Od.    post    free. 

HARDY  BORDER  CARNATIONS. 

We  have  simply  magnificent  stocks  of  all  the  hest  varieties 
The  undermpn' ioned  collections  are  available:  - 

Coll.  No.  Ic  -6  d  s  inct  varieties.  121- 

Coll     No     2).— 12    disiDCI    variclies,    24;- 

Coll.  No.  3c.    100  Flints   in   the    twelve   bi  st   slacdard 

varieties,  1   0/- 

Carriage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

Fully     Illustrate  '     mil     tlesc-iptiz^       Latalonue     will     /)f 

/oi  warded   f>ost  free   on    request. 

}  When  yua  itainh  of  Carnalions  yoD  think  of 


The  leading  Camaiio      Raiders     nd  Specialists 

in  the  World.  Dept.  4. 
HAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 

USE  CORRV'S  CELEBRATED  G0J4CE/«TRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER    DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint.        Ouart.      S-G;ill.       1  Gull.  3  GaH.         .■;  Call.     lOCall. 

each        2/3  3  9  6.  11/-  25,6  40/-  76;. 

.SOLO     BY     THE     TRADE     CENERALLY. 

Manufactured    by   CORRY     &    CO.,    Ltd.,    London. 


I  Wv       GIANT 

^  SWEET  PEAS 

Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM. 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pt-a  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  ihe  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  posse-^s  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
shou'd  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  fljwers  of  the  most  exquisite   colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named         5/6 

18            „                    ..  ..                       8- 

24                                ..  106 

30            „                   ..  12  6 

•10            ..                   ..  „                 17/6 

SO            .,                   ..  22  ,'6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH     WITH    ORDER. 

AH  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  m  tgnificent  for  all  purposes,  containing 
a  wonderful  r  mge  of  the  most  gorgeous 
cclours;  all  strong  gmwers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of   all   the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.FRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.   61),   WEM,    Shropshire 


Also    (he   finest   Flower   Seeds,    Vegetable 
Seeds,    Potatoes,    etc. 


tMMA«^«ttM%JkMWMII 


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VEGETABLE 


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FLOWER     GARDENS. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Garden  Guide 
Free  on  application. 

SCOTCH    GROWN 
SEED   POTATOES 

are  quoted  at  extremely 
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stock  is  of  the  finest  qual- 
ity  we  have  ever  handled. 

PROMPT     DESPA  TCH. 

SATISFACTION     GUARANTEED 


— 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP,  LTD., 

SEED    MERCHANTS,   TWYFORD.    BERKS. 


nniinmiiii    i        »i  i  iiniimiw^jt  . 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  8,  1921. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


FLOWER     GARDEN. 

GLADIOLUS  BRENCHLEYENSIS  (C.  B.  M.,  Cumber- 
(Hid), — III  ordinary  circumstances,  i.e.,  planted  normally 
at  4  inches  deep,  this  good  hybrid,  despite  a  robust  con- 
stitution, would  probably  have  disappeared  long  ago. 
hence  we  imagine  that  its  length  of  stay,  with  the  evidences 
of  increase  to  which  our  correspondent  refers,  are  due  to 
something  quite  unusual.  If  tested,  probably  it  would  be 
found  that  the  corms  are  somewhat  deeply  buried  in  the 
soil  and,  if  so,  they  would  be  at  once  removed  from  the 
direct  influence  of  frost,  manures  and  the  salt  applica- 
tion'^  which  are  afforded  to  the  Asparagus  from  time  to 
time,  though  receiving  indirect  help  from  both.  It  is 
the  only  rational  explanation  that  we  can  give  of  the 
matter.*  Planted  at  moderate  depth,  the  top-dressing  of 
manure — the  benefit  of  which  would  bo  gradual  and  lasting, 
rather  than  spontaneous — would  do  good,  though  the 
applications  of  salt,  quickly  soluble  as  it  is  and  direct  in 
its  action,  might  prove  disastrous,  if  not  even  fatal. 
Exceptional  vigour  and  flower  freedom  are  the  natural 
outcome  of  deeply  buried  bulbs — even  those  of  the  smallest 
size,  Snowdrop  and  Chionodoxa,  for  example — and  in 
this  instance  it  was  tlie  complete  and  continued  success 
of  the  Gladiolus  which  has  constituted  a  peg  to  hang  our 
present  theory  upon. 

GARDEN  PLAN  (H.  B.  L.,  Epsom).— It  is  always 
difficult  to  say  exactly  what  is  right  from  a  plan  alone, 
so  much  depending  on  environment  and  other  things. 
The  garden  does  not  appear  to  be  too  much  shut  off  from 
the  house  and  if  the  whole  of  it  where  our  correspondent 
proposes  having  the  Rose  garden  and  Lily  pool  is  sunk,  it 
would  hardly  be  so.  We  should  certainly  not  plant 
Privet  near  the  house.  Yew  would  be  more  appropriatr 
and  this  should  enclose  that  portion  if  possible.  Tin- 
pergola  is  too  narrow  ;  planted  it  would  be  in  the  nature  of 
an  entry.  Some  of  the  paths  err  also  on  the  side  of 
narrowness.  If  the  slirubbery  planting  at  north  side  of 
tennis  court  is  to  constitute  a  divisional  fence  between  the 
two  properties,  there  would  be  nothing  to  surpass  Holly, 
though,  even  so.  something  additional  would  be  needed 
till  it  became  a  fence.  Trees  there  would  sooner  or  latei 
upset  the  tennis  court,  unless  they  were  rigidly  suppressed, 
root  and  branch.  The  proximity  of  the  kitchen  garden 
and  the  pergola  are  a  little  incongruous  ;  an  evergreen 
hedge  might  well  be  set  there  dividing  the  former  off. 
In  all  the  circumstances  we  think  our  correspondent  would 
be  well  advised  to  have  a  little  expert  advice  on  the  spot 
before  commencing  operations. 


TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

IVY  SEEDS  (P.  .S..  Cornwall). — Ivy  seeds  have  no 
economic  importance.  They  are.  however,  greedily 
eaten  by  birds  and  might  be  useful  for  fowls  but  it 
would  be  wise  to  oxperiment  on  a  single  bird  before 
using  them  in  quantity. 

SCOTS  PINE  EXUDING  TURPENTINE  (Felsted,  Essex). 
— It  is  unlikely  that  our  correspondent's  Scots  Pine 
will  suffer  from  the  exudation  of  turpentine,  providing 
the  tree  is  otherwise  healthy.  There  is  nothing  that 
can  be  done  to  check  such  a  flow. 

PROPAGATION  OF  WISTARIA  SINENSIS  (H.  A.  G., 
yorivich). — Wistaria  sinensis  can  he  increased  by  cuttings 
of  ripened  wood  12  inches  long  inserted  out  of  doors  at 
the  present  time.  It  can  also  be  increased  by  grafting 
small  sections  of  shoots  3  inches  or  4  inches  long  upon 
sections  of  root.  This  work  must  be  done  indoors  during 
early  spring.  Hoot  cuttings  should  bo  made  in  March. 
Sections  about  the  thickness  of  an  ordinary  lead  pencil 
and  about  4  inches  in  length  should  be  inserted  singly 
In  small  pots  indoors. 


FRUIT    GARDEN. 

APPLE  D'ARCY  SPICE  (Felsted.  Essex).— Synonyms 
Spring  Ribston,  Essex  Spice  and  Baddow  Pippin.  This 
is  a  well  known  Essex  Apple,  originating  according  to  Dr. 
Hogg's  "  Fruit  Manual"  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  John  Harris 
of  Broomfleld,  near  Chelmsford,  about  1848.  The  Fruit 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  recognised 
its  merits  as  a  useful  late  variety  of  the  aromatic  class  by 
giving  it  an  award  of  merit.  Itsflavour  is  rich,  partaking 
of  that  of  the  Ribston.  The  tree  succeeds  very  well  as 
a  bush  on  the  Paradise  stock  in  ordinary  garden  soil. 
It  should  not  be  planted  too  deep,  and  the  tree  should  be 
helped  when  in  fruit  by  surface  mulchings  of  short  manure. 
It  is  of  exotic  slow  growth.  The  best  way  to  obtain 
an  early  return  no  doubt  is  to  graft  on  to  a  healthy  estab- 
lished tree.  The  Apple  is  comparatively  small  in  size, 
and  its  appearance  is  nothing  to  enthuse  about.  All  the 
same,  in  the  opinion  of  many,  the  Apple  is  a  little  gem. 


THE     GREENHOUSE. 

SOLANUM  WENDLANDII  (C.  (?.,  CormvalL— It  is 
usual  to  cut  tlic  ]irrvious  season's  shoots  of  this  beautiful 
climber  hard  back  in  January  each  year.  The  only 
exception  is  when  space  permits  the  develoijment  of 
more  growths.  In  our  correspondent's  case  it  would 
be  best  to  reduce  the  12-feet  shoot  to  6  feet,  and  the  two 
side  shoots  to  within  3  inches  of  the  main  stem. 
|»  TUBEROUS  BEGONIAS  (R.  R.,  Australia).— Tht; 
empty  seed-pods  suggest  lack  of  pollination.  This  is 
done  by  picking  the  male  flowers  when  the  pollen  is  ripe 
and  dusting  the  anthers  over  the  centres  of  the  female 
blooms.  As  a  rule  cross-pollination  is  preferable,  i.e., 
male  flowers  from  one  plant  used  to  pollinate  female 
flowers  of  another  plant. 

CYANIDING  A  VINERY  (G.  3'..  E.  ror^s).— Cyaniding 
should  not  beattemptcd-unless  there  are  means  of  opening 
the  house  treated  without  entering  it  and  of  dropping  the 
cyanide  into  acid  after  quitting  the  house.  If  this  can 
be  done,  the  cyaniding  of  dormant  Vines  in  the  absence 
of  other  plants  may  be  safely  undertaken.  The  house 
should  be  closed,  and  all  ventilators  made  airtight ;  the 
air  should  be  dry,  and  the  work  done  at  dusk.  The 
cubic  capacity  of  our  correspondent's  house  being  about 
3,000  cubic  feet,  3ozs.  potassium  cyanide,  4ozs.  sulphuric 
acid,  and  9oz3.  water  is  needed.  The  cyanide  should 
be  suspended  over  the  acid  in  an  open  basin  and  dropped 
in  after  the  house  has  been  closed  and  locked  and  every- 
body outside.  The  house  should  remain  closed  over- 
night, and  in  the  morning  it  should  be  opened  with  a 
through  draught  for  at  least  two  hours  before  anyone 
enters  it.  Remember  the  fumes  as  well  as  the  cyanide 
itself  are  very  deadly  to  all  animal  life. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

FUNGUS  FOR  IDENTIFICATION  (W.  B.,  Hants).— 
The  fungus,  though  allied  to  Stereum  purpureum,  is  not 
that  species,  but  one  common  on  dead  wood  of  many 
kinds,  namely,  Pol^iorus  versicolor. 

ARTIFICIAL  MANURES  AND  LEAVES  (Waruick).^ 
Our  correspondent  may  mix  the  artificials  with  the  fallen 
leaves,  but  jirohably  less  loss  would  result,  and  the  work 


APPLE     D  ARCV     SPICE. 

A    well-known   Essex  Apple  of  rich 

aromatic  flavour. 

could  be  more  easily  done,  by  using  these  chemical 
fertilisers  as  a  top-dressing  to  be  hoed  in  in  spring, 
substituting  sulphate  of  potash  for  Kainit.  The  quantities 
would  be,  for  an  acre  (160  square  rods),  2cwts.  sulphate 
of  ammonia,  5cwts.  superphosphate,  and  2cwts.  sulphate 
of  potash. 

NAMES    OF   PLANTS.— r.    W..   Abergavenny. Snthev- 

landia   frutesccns.  E.    R.,    Doncaster.  —  Colchicum 

autumnale. 


Imported    Seed     Potatoes 
from  Scotland 

THE  Ministry  of  Agriculture  and  Fisheries 
lias  recently  issued  an  Order,  under 
the  title,  "  Wart  Disease  of  Potatoes 
(Imported  Scottish  Seed  Potatoes)  Order 
of  1920,"  which  is  of  importance  to 
all  Potato-growers  and  merchants  who  obtain 
seed  Potatoes  from  Scotland.  The  main  provision 
of  the  Order  is  that  any  importer  who  receives 
from  Scotland  "  seed "  Potatoes  which  are  not 
accompanied  by  the  necessary  declaration  (as 
set  out  below)  shall  report  the  fact  to  the  Ministry 
within  seven  days  of  the  receipt  of  the  Potatoes. 
The  declaration  required  is  :  (i)  In  every  case 
of  a  consignment  of  any  seed  Potatoes  other  than 
certified  stocks  of  inmiune  varieties  a  declaration 
correctly  stating  the  reference  number  of  the 
certificate  issued  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture  for 
Scotland  to  the  effect  that  wart  disease  has  not 
existed  on,  nor  within  one  mile  of  the  place  in 
which  the  Potatoes  were  grown.  (2)  In  the  case 
of  certified  stocks  of  approved  immtme  varieties, 
a  declaration  stating  correctly  the  serial  number 


of  the  certificate  of  piu^ity  issued  in  respect  of  the 
growing  crop. 

Official  List  of  Immune  V.\rietie5  of 

POT.\TOES. 

■\s  a  result  of  the  Ormskirk  Trials  1919-20, 
the  following  varieties  have  been  added  to  the 
official  list  of  immune  varieties  of  Potatoes  : 

Early  Pink  Champion  (Findlay). — Second  early. 
Description  of  tubers :  Round,  pebble-shaped ; 
eyes  medium-large  ;  skin  pink ;  flesh  white. 
Colour  of  sprout  :  Deep  rose.  Haulm  and  foliage  : 
Medium  to  spreading  ;  leaves  small ;  medium 
green,  leathery  appearance.  Flowers :  None 
observed. 

Katie  Glover  (Findlay). — Second  early.  Descrip- 
tion eif  tubers:  Round  to  oval,  thick;  eyes 
medium  ;  skin  white,  deep  pink  in  eyes  ;  flesh 
white.  Colour  of  sprout  :  White,  tinged  pink. 
Haulm  and  foliage  :  Regular,  dwarf,  spreading  ; 
leaves  medium,  medium  green.  Flowers :  None 
observed. 

Catriona  (Findlay).— (Tested  as  seedling  PU  i, 
No.  I.)  Early  maincrop.  Description  of  tubers  : 
Kidney  ;  eyes  shallow  ;  skin  white,  splashed 
purple  round  the  eyes  and  at  base  end ;  flesh. 
pale  yellow.  Colour  of  sprout  :  Violet.  Haulm 
and  foliage  :  Dwarf,  spreading  ;  leaves  medium, 
dark  green,  glossy.     Flowers :    None  observed. 

K.  of  K.  (Findlay). — Early  Maincrop.  Descrip- 
tion of  tubers  :  Oval  ;  eyes  shallow  ;  skin  white, 
splashed  crimson,  more  pronounced  round  the 
eyes,  especially  at  rose  end  ;  flesh  pale  yellow. 
Colour  of  sprout  :  Rose.  Haulm  and  foliage  : 
upright  ;  leaves  small,  corrugated,  light  greets 
Flowers :    None  observed. 

Captain  Cook  (Aircy). — Late.  Description  of 
tubers  :  Rotmd  ;  eyes  deep  ;  flesh  white  ;  skin 
white.  Colour  of  sprout  :  Purple.  Haulm  and 
foliage :  Compact,  vigorous  ;  leaves  medium, 
medium  green.     Flowers  :    White. 

Crusader  (Wilson). — (Tested  as  seedling  339/3.) 
Late.  Description  of  tubers :  Kidney  ;  eyes 
shallow  ;  skin  white  ;  flesh  white.  Haulm  and 
foliage :  Tall,  upright,  vigorous  ;  leaves  large, 
dark  green,  corrugated.     Flowers  :    Dropping  bud. 

Seedlings  Purple  Eyed  No.  3  (Findlay) ; 
449  (a)  1  (Wilson)  ;  142/6  (Wilson).— Were  found 
immime,  but  are  not  added  to  the  list,  as  they 
have  not  been  named. 

Edzell  Blue  and  Nithsdale. — Should  now  be 
regarded  as  second  early  varieties. 


Trials  at  Wisley. — in  addition  to  the  trial  of 
blue  and  lavender  Sweet  Peas  already  announced, 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  will  carry  out 
in  their  garden  at  Wisley  during  the  coming  year 
trials  of  Candytufts,  Annual  Chrysanthemums, 
Marigolds,  new  Dahlias,  Herbaceous  Lobelias 
and  Perpetual  flowering  Carnations ;  and  among 
vegetables,  Cabbage  for  spring  sowing,  Savoys, 
Celery,  Celeriac,  maincrop  and  late  Potatoes, 
mid-season  Peas  and  Tomatoes  for  growing  under 
glass.  Seeds  and  plants  for  these  trials  are  invited, 
and  the  Director,  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Gardens,  Wisley,  Ripley,  Siurey,  will  be  pleased 
to  send  the  necessary  entry  forms  on  request. 
All  seeds  should  reach  him  by  January  31,  1021. 

Kew  Gardens. — The  Ministry  of  Agriculture 
has  given  orders  that  from  January  i  Kew  Gardens 
shall  be  open  to  the  public  every  day  throughout 
the  year,  except  Christmas  Day,  from  10  a.m. 
Hitherto  the  gardens  have  not  been  open  until 
noon  in  the  winter,  while  on  Sundays  the  public 
have  not  been  admitted  until  i  p.m. 


lANlAKV     8.     I<|21. 


THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


DOBBIE'S  CATALOGUE 


And  Guide  to  Gardening. 


Spring  1921 


-y     A    FREE    COPY 

r^C^TALocur  Im  Will  be  sent  to  anyone  inferestett 

'^M^ Sttai^Pij^ffrifm  ill  Gjrdeiiin  i  u-h'i  makes  opfjli' 

Srfi,-^i.  '  *Ml  caiion  ami  ineiitiotis  The  Gard;-n 


Our  House  ii   noted   for    HIGH- 
GRADE  VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER 
SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 
POTATOES,  and  PLANTS. 

IN     SWEET    PEAS    WE    ARE    PRE-EMINENT. 


OOBBIE  &  Co.  Ltd. 

EDINBURGH. 


Seedsmen  end  Florists  to 
H.M.  tha  King 


DON'T    FORGET    TO    WASH 
Your  Fruit  Trees  and   Bushes  with 

XL  ALL  WINTER  WASH 

In    1-lb.    and    28-lb.    Tins 

From  the   Horticultural  Trade   Everywhere. 

Mamtfactwer : 

G.     H.     RICHARDS 
234,  Borough  High  St.,  London,  S.E.1 


HEAVY  WINTER  EGG  PRODUCTION 

cannot  litj  avoided  so  lonji  as 

"GORDON     GrtAY" 

LIGHT     SUSSEX 

are   reftularly  Kept  in  YOUR  YAH[)S. 

EQQS     FOR     HATCH  INQ     NOW     READY. 

Full    particulars    apply         Deansbrook  Poultry  Farm, 

Q.  GORDON  QRAY,  Ltd.     THAXTED  -       ESSEX. 


^«MW«NMM«MW^M«Mil«W«WM««MMMA«m« 


»mr^mm00t0i0mfm0^n 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  S  ZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONG5T  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL.  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


33.000   SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND    SET 
WORKING     IN    A     FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R  H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
sa'isfieJ       Amateurs      everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.  LONDON,  S  E.  1 


PATENTED 
l.V  THE  U.K.  j 
&     ABROAD.  I 


THE    CLOCHE    CLIP 

THE     CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 

pOR  making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants.  ' 
1  flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  m.'iy  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their  ' 
use.  GUissof  any  size  may  be  used,  also  old  photographic  plates.  The  Clip  wilL 
make  '^  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  handled  without  falling  apart.  i 

Price?    doz.    Postage:  9d  Idoz..  1-2d02  ;  over  2  d02.  Carrie  ge  Paid.   Cash  with  order.  ' 

Par/  cnfilr^  atui  itcniniif;  of  Cloclic^  ill  i\iiioiis  sluifiL-s  u-ilt  be  /.ciil  on  iJ/ifiti  tilioii. 

THE    CLOCHE    CLIP    CO.,    94,    Woodbridge      Road,     Ouildford,     Surrey. 


Oup     CATALOGUE     contains 


600  Illustrations  from  life  of  Hardy  Flowcrins 
Shrubs.  Tn-rs,  C'limbi  r.s.  Plants  for  the  Waterside, 
Shrubbery,  Avenue,  Woodland,  Bog,  Bamboo, 
Dell  and  Rock  Garden,  Willi  disoriptinn  ami 
uiitir*  a^  to  plantin^^     Copies  gratis  on  application. 


,  Ltd., 


V.  N.  GAUNTLETT  *  Co- 
Japanese  NursiTies, 

CHIDDIXGFOLD,  Surrey. 


(Carriage  Paid.) 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BUIiBS,    ROSES,    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS, 

RHODODEN'DRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY  &  FRIDAY,  by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

;it  tliLir  Central  Sale  Rooms, 

67     &     68,     CHEAPSIDE,     E  C.2 

C;italogu'S   on  Application, 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  your  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
or  games  let  us 
knovtf. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIESLd. 
Cranmer  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


SAND 

SUITABLE    FOR 

GOLF    COURSES 
BOWLING   GREENS,   Etc. 

Supplied  in  full  truck  loads  to 
any   G.E.R.   Goods  Station   at 

1  2/-  per  Ton. 

For  Sample  apply  to  the  Commercial  Super- 
intendent (C.W.),  Liverpool  Street  Station,  London, 
R  C  2. 

H.    W.    THORNTON, 

Genera!  Miiiiai^er. 


PLANTING   SEASON 


GEO.    JAGKMAN    &   SON 

WOKING     NURSERIES 
SURREY 

{Esfablislu'd  over  a  Ceittnry) 
Invite  inspectinn  of    their  large    and  varied  fitock  of  I 

ORNAMENTAL      TREES      AND     SHRUBS.! 
ROSES,    CLIMBERS.  i 

FRUIT     AND     FOREST    TREES. 
HERBACEOUS     AND     ALPINE     PLANTS.! 

200  Acres  of  Stock  to  select  from. 
Catalogues  free  on  Application. 


Advice     given     on     all    matters     appertaining     to 

LANDSCAPE    GARDENING; 

and     Estate     Improvements. 


Send    a    Post    Card    for    a    copy 

^     of    our    beautifully    Illustrated 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 

c^0..  Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 

and   other    Vegetable    and    Flower   Seeds.      No  keen 

gardener  shoud  be  wiihout  this  most  interesting 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  cropping 
trial  of  about  30  of  the  most  popular  varietes  of 
Potatoes.    Write  to-day  mentioning  this  paper. 

Special  quotations  to  large  buyers,  also  to 
Allotuient  Associations. 

THYNE  &  SON  J»r„  DUNDEE 


WORTH  HAVING 

CAUSTIC  ALKALI— The  most  pene- 
trative liquid  liisecticiile.  The  winter  wash. 
KILLS  mealy  bug  and  all  aphides,  spiders 
and  mites.  REMOVES  loose  bark,  lichen 
and  all  fungoid  growths.  One  tin  makes 
11  gallons,  ready  for  use. 

40  tins  90  -;  20  tins  45/-;  10  tins  24  -;  5  tins  14/6 

CARRIAGE    PAID. 

Wm.  WOOD  &  SON,  Ltd. 

TAPLOW,    BUCKS. 


Stimul-itcstliosoil,  .insists  tin- fun. ■li.ni.*  i>r  soil  iKn-toriu 
and  corrects  acidity.  Ask  yiiur  S.  t-dsni-in,  ctr  write  to 
STONEHOUSE    Hon.  Dept..    WEST   BIOMWICH 


vni. 


THE     (iARDEN. 


JANTAin'     8,     I()_'I. 


He  breed 
in  loose 
bark  and 
lichens 


PROFITS 
S bop  him! 


To  destroy  mo  s  and  lichen,  lo 
remove  loose  rough  bark,  and 
ensure  healthy  vigoroufi  growth 
and     good     crops     next     season, 

SPRAY  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 

COOPER'S 

WINTER  FLUID 


Does    not    burn    the    bark. 
animals.       Easy     lo    use. 


Harmless    to 

Effective    and 

Economical.       ::       Of  agents  everywhere. 

Sole  Miinii/.tctitrcrs: 

WM.  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS.  LTD.,  BERKHAMSTED 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


WINTER  WASH.   c.ulV,?'!^.., 

THE   MOST  EFFECTIVE  WASH    FOR    FRUIT  TREES    *c. 
\  IN    1'6   TINS    FOR    lO    TO    16    GALLS    OF  WASH. 

WORM    KILLER.     LAWN   SANO    S.     Gf.PrEN    SUNDRiES 


OnlrAddrKS:  IbMLINSON  k  Hatwakd  Lt>  Limcoln. 


Work  in  Comfort 
with  warm  feet 

You  can  defy  the  damp  if  you  wear  a  pair  of 
CALOR  CLOGS.  They're  just  as  comfoi  table 
and  warm  as  boots,  but  they're  much  cheaper. 
With  a  pair  of  Calor  Clogs  you  can  w  rk  in  the 
worst  weather  and  still  have  dry  feet  at  the 
end  of  the  day.  Calor  Clogs  are  made  of  good 
grain  leather,  lined  with  felt.  Soles  are  of 
wood.  Well  finished  and  useful.  For  men 
and  women.    Price  8/1 1,  post  paid.    No.C529. 

Also  in  lacing  Style  C524. 
Sizes  2  to  5  ...  711  |  Sizes  6  to  II  ...  8(6 
Men's  and  Women's  Watertight  Derby  Clogs, 
at  9/6.  12/6.  1416;  Children's  Clogs  from 
411  ;  \\'ellington  Clogs,  felt  lined  and  unlined. 
1616  and  22/6;  Rubber  Wellingtons,  Men's 
sizes.  18/6  and  21/-.  Women's  sizes,  17/6  and 
19/11,  Children's,  from  12/6;  Men's  Long 
Rubber  Thigh  Boots.  21/-.    All  post  paid. 

Send  '<<r  our  tri.'c  Illustrated  Catith'gue. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 


THE  MOST  PERFECT 


GREENHOUSES. 
GARDENS. 


COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY      AND      CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  Ie;if-moii1  1,  rcudy  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  same  \v:(\ .  anil  fur  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  l-l  bushels  equalling:  15e\vts.).  jiives  better  result,  is  elean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  .ind  free  from  weed-^,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wislev.  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  Hower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  Kl^i^^  -^^^  <"it  in  tbe  open  apr."  (Signed)  W.  Wll-KS.  Secretary. 

A   lic.iiitiful  Free  lio>-klct  KiviuK  fiiH  f>articiil(irs;  attd  tcsfimnniiils  scut  on   rcccipt'of  posicani. 

jm-  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS;  GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -Wt 

I'liLes,  iiKhuliiiK  Kijis,  I  bushel  3/3,  4  bushels  6/-,  5-4  bushels  SB  9,  10-4  bushels  66/-.  'J(l.4  bushels  100/- 
Carriajie  forward  for  cash  w  th  ordei-. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  I^Iant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Guaran- 
teed Analvsis  f  ree.     Price,  including  bags 
14  lb.  bag,  3/3  ;  56  lbs.,  11/6;   1  cwt.,  22/- 
Best  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam,   4/.,  and   Leaf   .Mould,  4'/6.     Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 
Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.     Basic  Slag,  9/6.     Superphosphates,  1  3/6.      Bone 
.Meal,  24/",      Kainit,  1  1  '6  per  cwt.     Bulb  Fibre,  3/6  per  bushel. 

Si-f  Fr,,-  Hofihht  its  .7?><ii',-  f«r  fences  of  Sm.ilhr  <;iuintttic^.  <t!so  otltcr  a;.)o.„/s-. 

WAKELEY     BROS.     &     CO.,     LTD.,     75a,     BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      S.E.I. 


IRISH  LINEN   SALE 

Throughout  January  Robinson  &  Cleaver  are  offering  many 
of  their  real  Irish  Linen  Goods  at  reduced  prices.  The 
thrifty  housewife   will   not   let   this   unique  opportunity  pass  by. 

TABLE     LINEN  TOWELS  BED      LINEN 


BARGAIN  SALE  LIST, 
No.  46  S  sent  prst  free. 
We  guarantee  deiti'ery  of  ail 
parcels  to  customer's  address. 


Piece  Linen  Damask 
by  the  yard.  Any 
length  cut.  -15  ins  wide, 
9/3  per  yard  :  54  ins. 
wide,   10/11  per  yard. 


Hemstitched  Union 
Diaper  Towels,  with 
Damask  border.  Size 
■25  X  42  inches.  Price 
per  half-dozen  -    37/9 


SPECIAL  OFFER. 
Plain      Linen      Pillow 

Cases. 
20  X  30  ins.     Doz.  55/- 
22  X  32  ins.      „       69/- 


ROBINSON    6?    CLEAVER, 

Linen    Manufacturers,    BELFAST.  ^"^^ 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


SOH 


'S 


^^^ 


On    the    market 
for      over     40    years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over     the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     year's     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      they      stand     unriv:'lled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description    of    Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 
and  Foliafic  PInnts.  Vegetables.  Lawns,  etc.,  etc. 
Vine,     Plant    and    Vegetable     Manure,     1  cwt. ,36/.;      56lb..     19/-;      28lb.,  10i6: 
141b.,  (•■:  71b..  3/6;  Tins.   1/6. 
Special  Top-Dressing  Manure,  ,S6Ib.,  19/-:  '.'S  b.,  1016;   141b.,  6/-;  71b..  3/6. 
S^     WRITK     FOR     OLR     BOOKLF.T— POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     -WI 
SOLO         BY         NURSERYMEN         AND         SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers  ;      WM.     THOMSON      ,>t     SONS.     LTD..     CLOVENFORDS.     SCOTL.4ND. 


ets  there  A 

I  and  makes  the  Garden  ^t^^^^^ 
gay  all  the  year  round  r,^~;f£rs/.i 


Sold  everywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  in  PACKETS  lOd.  Si  1/6,  and 

in  BRANDED*  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs..  4/-;  14  lbs.  7/-:  :;h  lbs..  12/- ;  56  lbs..  22/. :  112  lbs.,  40/-:  or 

direct  from  the  Works.  Carriage  Paid  in  the  United  Kinndom  for  Cash  with  Order  (except  PACKETS). 


CLAY   &   SON.    Manure  Mf^s  &  Bone  Crushers,  STRATFORD.  LONDON.E. 


Printed  by  Thb  Avenue  PresSi  55  &  57.  Drury  Lane,  London.  \V.C.2,  and  Published  by 


Country  Life.' 


Limited,  at  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Strand,  W.C.?, 

-A     W7  r  o 


THE 


THE  FRUIT  FARM 


POULTRY 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2565. 

Kntered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N'.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,  January    15,   1921 


KKGISTERED  AT  THE  GENERAL 
POST  OIFICE  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 
AND     FOR     CANADIAN     .MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17,4:    Foreign.    I7'4  I 


THE    RIGHT    USE    OF    ANNUALS. 


Hardy  and  Half-Hardy  Annuals  should  enter  into  the 
colour  arrangements  of  our  gardens  far  more  than  they 
often  do.  Happy  is  the  man  who  can  point  his  friends 
to  a  lovely  garden  whiclj  expresses  his  own  individuality. 
In  this  issue  the  reader  is  told  how  to  plan  and  sow 
for  the  best  effects.  Selections  of  Annuals  for  various 
soils  and  situations  are  given. 


BEAUTIFUL    POPPIES    for    1921 

SHIRLEY  POPPY,  Selected  Strain,  of  light  graceful  habit,  with 
beautiful   satiny   flowers  ranging    in    colour  from  delicate  shades   of   rose, 
apricot,  salmon-pink   and   blush   to   glowing  crimson,  all  with  white  centres,   i 
hardy  annual,  2ft.      Per  packet    6d.  and  1  - 

NEW    DOUBLE  QUEEN    POPPIES,   a  lovely  new  double  strain  of 
Shirley   Poppy  type,  flowers  double  and  semi-double  of  the  most  delicate 
and  brilliant  colours — white  with   salmon,   pink,  or  crimson  margin,  orange-  I 
salmon  shaded  white,  fiery   rose-scarlet  shading   down  to  white,   cherry-red  , 
shading  to  white,  brilliant  scarlet  with  white  centre,  &c.,  all  showing  yellow  I 
anthers,  hardy  annual,  2ft.      Per  packet,  1/-.  | 

POPPY  "IRRESISTIBLE,"  a  lovely  strain,  producing  large  double  i 
fringed  flowers,  brilliant  rose  to  blush-rose  and  salmon-rose  with  large  white  | 
centre,  hardy  annual,  2ift.     Per  packet,  6d   and  1/-  I 

Descriptive  Catiilogtie  of  oilier  choice  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application.  | 

BA    ^   ^  A.  C  f>  N   C  ll'      12       &     13,       KINQ       STREET,! 

r\T^r\      at       ^Vi/i^^,     coventqarden,  london,  w.c.2 

MERRYWEATHER'S    FRUIT   TREES 

RASPBERRIES. 

We  can  strongly  recommend  the  following  varieties;  order  at  once  to  avoid  disappointment. 

"  THE  DEVON."    An  enormous  cropper,  the  fruit  is  large,  roundly  conical,  i 
firm,  very  juicy  and  of  sweet  and  refreshing  flavour,  excellent  colour  and  an 
ideal  bottling  variety. 

"  HAILSHAM."     One  of  the  best  autumn  fruiting  raspberries.     The  fruit  is  ' 
very  large,  rich  crimson  colour  and  excellent  flavour  ;  a  strong  grower  and 
heavy  bearer. 

^ciid     <or     Prices. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &     SONS,     LTD. 

Garden  Specialists,   SOUTHWELL,   NOTTS. 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  EstablishmeDt 

is    cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense    and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,   Rare  Botanical  Specimens,    Albinos  in  warm  and   cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites     supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  CO., 


HARKNESS'S    WONDERFUL    POPPIES 

CRIMSON  VELVET,  matchless  bloodred,  new,  2  6.  ELSIE  VAUGHAN,  silvery, 
salmon,  1  :<.  JOAN  PVBUS,  salmon  pink,  distinctU  spotted,  1  M.  JOYCE,  rose,' 
shaded  mauve,  distinct,  l,-.  Perry's  LORD  LAMBOURNE,  new,  grand  fringed 
scarlet.  2  R.  MAHONY,  peculiar  mahogan\-  colour,  1  ,  Mrs.  JOHN  HARKNESS, ; 
magnificent  apricot  -  scarlet,  I/-.  Mrs  PERRY,  lovely  orange-apricot,  1/-.! 
PRINCESS  ENA,  orange  salmon,  very  dainty,  1  -.  PERRY'S  WHITE,  pure  white: 
with  black  blotch,  I  -.  REMBRANDT,  red  with  6  attractive  blotches,  1  '-.  SIR  I 
DOUGLAS  HAIG,  brilliant  scarlet,  without  blotch,  grand  novelty.  2  6.  ONE 
STRONG  PLftNT  EACH  ABOVE,  15  -  CARRIAGE  PAID.  Those  at  2/fiare  27  6  doz.  ;  j 
1  3.    12      doz.  :    I    ,    10  <i  doz.    CARRIAGE    PAID. 

HARKNESS'S  GIANT  ICELAND  POPPIES,  orange,  v  hite  and  vcllow,  flowers  of; 
great  size  on  strong  stems,  4  S  doz.,  2.5  ■  100.     CARRIAGE  PAID. 

CORRF.SPONDESCE    INVITED.         CATALOGUES    FREE 

HARKNESS  &  SONS,  F.R.H.S.,  Nurserymen,  &c.,  BEDALE,  YORKSHIRE^ 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   15,    1921. 


"THE    GARDEN  '   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of  England 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY  &  SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST  HILLS 
The  Rhydd  NimsERiES 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHI  RE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
oral!  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWER  INQ     SHRUBS 

^^_iTTr»T?r»T^  ^°^  planting  and 

R.    &.   G.  CUTHBERT  Conservatory 

SOUTHGATE  decoration. 

Catalogue  of  our 
MIDDLESEX  new  and  beautiful 

varieties  post 

Established  1797  free 


LAXTON  BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,  MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM  &  SON 

Nurseries 

ELSENHAM 


ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock.  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
TwERTON  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY  ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,  S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON, 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Ltd. 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable^  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St., London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post   Free 


Garden  Sundries 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.i 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  a,.  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  ^""^  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  RoquiremenU 


CORRY  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i   and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.  BENTLEY.  Ltd. 
Barrow-on-Humber 
HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 
Fertilizers  and 
Agricultural 
Manures 


The     New     DESTRUCTOR 

CO.,  Ltd. 
Station  Road,  PERSHORE 


Rubbish 
Destructors 


BARNARDS,  Ltd. 
NORWICH 


Garden  Espaliers 
&  Trainers.  Par- 
ticulars of  our 
Stock  on  applica- 
tion. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG  &  CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Garden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


R.  WALLACE  &  CO., 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE  WELLS 


Ltd. 


Landscape  &   Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  intern.-itional 
Show.  1912. 


HODSON'S,  Ltd. 

58,Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

Ha^o  several  good  men  available,  and 
can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Gardens  and 
General 
Landscape 
Work 


J.  CHEAL  <! 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


SONS,  Ltd. 


Landscape 
Gardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


tiuw^^f^itAt^^sutfrnJUffrntii^tif^t^i^tSu^^^ 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

New  Japanese  Varieties  for  1921. 

Ready  1st  week  in  February,  ex  2J  inch  pots. 
Mrs.  John    Balmer.     Indian    red.   gold   reverse. 

FCC  .  N,C,S. 
Norman  Chittenden.      Largest    wliite    to    date. 

FCC.  N  C  S.  A.M  ,  R.H.S. 
Helena  Margerison.      Large  pearl  pink.     F.C.C. 

N.C.S. 
Nadine.       Extra    large    golden    bronze.      F.C C 

N.C.S. 

The  above  four  varieties  should  be  in  every 

exhibitor's  stand  this  year,  price  7/6  e.ich. 

the   set   for  25I-.  t^vo  of   each   'or  47,6 

New  Decorative  Varieties. 

Teresa.     Lovely  bronze  apricot.    F.C.C,  N.C.S.. 

AM..  R.H.S.  5/- each. 

Estelle.    Large  single  variety  ;  colour,  pale  yellow, 

3/6  each. 
Catriona.     A  very  fine  exhibition  single,  rich  old 

rose,  with  white  zone.  3/6  each. 

General  Catalogue  now  ready.      Novelty 

List  ready  early  January,  post  free  from 

KEITH        LUXFORD      &      CO., 

Sheering    Nurseries,    HARLOW,    ESSEX. 


i^,^ijf,^^ii^,!^^i^i^i^^i^<^iifjti:^i^i^^-^<^^iijfttjf. 


how  we  offer 

ed   Class  I 
pe    Grown 

RE-SELECTED 

SEED  POTATOES 

Qrown  for  SEED  ONLY,  on  our  own  land 
near  Blairgowrie,  railed  to  LIVERPOOL 
and  re-selected,  ready  for  PROMPT 
DISPATCH  -Carriage  Paid,  Bags  Free, 
on  orders  of  £1   and  upwards. 


SAFE   DELIVERY  &  SATISFACTION 
GUARANTEED  or  CASH  REFUNDED 


Why  Risk 

Carriage 

For'.card ^^^^^^^^^^^__^^^__^^^^^^ 

Offers  ?  i^™«.^^^^™^^^^«-«^^^™^^— ^.— " 

The  following  potatoes  are  selected  lor  goad  TABLE  and 
CROPPING  Oualities,  but  we  can  offer  other  varieties  where 
required,  also  quote  for  QUANTITIES  ; 

28        56    112  lb. 

10- 


1st.    EARLY.      PRICES       14 
SUTTON'S  HARBINGER  5/9 


SHARPE'S   EXPRESS  6  3 

DAROILL    EARLY  6'9 

iWITCH    HILL  71- 

2nd    EARLY 

lARRAN  COMRADE  6/3 

I  MAJESTIC  5/6 

lEDZELL   BLUE  4'6 

I  GREAT    SCOT  4  6 

KINQ    EDWARD  49 

LATE  or   MAINCROP. 

iBISHOP  H.st  in  cv.rv  way  6/6 

KERR'S    PINK  4/9 

ITINWALD  PERFECTION  5  3 

iQOLDEN    WONDER  4  6 

ARRAN    CHIEF  4  3 

FACTOR  4  3 

Varieties  marked  •  are  Immune. 

THE    HOUSE    FOR     QUflLITY. 


111- 

12/- 
129 

10  9 
96 
76 
76 
8  3 

11  6 
86 
9'- 
7(6 
7(3 

73 


1816 
20/6 
22  6 

24(- 

20(- 
17  6 
13  6 
13(6 
15/- 

21(6 

15  6 

16  6 
13(6 
13/- 

13- 


35(. 
39(- 
43(- 
46/- 

38/- 
33- 
25- 

25;- 

28/- 

41/- 

29- 

31  - 

25 

24'- 

24, 


/ 


Seeds,  Plants,  Manures,  and 
PEST  KILLERS, 
Sprays  and  Sprayers 
or  all  good  things  for 
your  Garden,  Allot- 
ment and  Sports. 


GARDEN 

SUPPLIES 

LIJHITED 

CRANMER  ST. 

LIVERPOOL. 


THE     SHELLEY 
SWEET     PEAS 

LAVENDER Austin     Frederick     Imp..     1(6;      Hawlmark 

CERTsE B,:;i|iant.  1/6;  Doris  (121.  6d.;  Roval  Salute.  1(6. 

SCARLET  CERISE.— Roynl  Scot,  1/6;  A    Malcolm  (IS).  6d. 
PiCOTEE  WHITE Annie  Ireland  (12).  6d.  ;  Elsie  Herbert. 

cm)  6d. 
FANCY.— Brocade  (12).  6d. 
PINK.— Hawlmark     Pink    (6).    Sd.  ;     Daisybud     (12).    6d.  ; 

F.  Peafsnn  (25).  6d. 

CREAM  PINK Cecily  (20).  6d. ;  Mrs.  A   Hitchcock  (18).  6d. 

BLUE.-Mrs    T    Jones  (18).  6d. ;  (dark)  J.   Cornwell.  V.C. 

(IS),  6d. 
CRIMSON.    Charity  CO).  6d.;   Mrs.  C.  P.  Tomlin  (20)  6d. 

WHITE Edna  May    Imp.  (25).6d.  ;  C.  Hinton  (2.S).  6d. 

Full  list  with  Collections  (2,-,  3,-  and  5  -)  post  free. 

T.     H.     DIPNALL,     F.R.H.S., 

The  Shelley  Sweet  Pea  Farm,  nr.  HADLEIQH,  SUFFOLK. 


PATTISSON'S  I 

HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS  j 

You  will  need  boots  for  next  season.  | 

Why  not  have  your  old  ones  repaired  or  new  ones  made  j 

NOW,   AND    BE    READY  lor  the   Mowing   Season  >  ] 

Orders  now  despatched  by  return.  j 

Price  Lists  from   the  Manufacturers  : 

H.  PATTISSON  &  CO.,  Streatham  Common,  S.W.16 


GOOSEBERRIES 

Single,   Double   and   Triplet    Cordons, 
also  Standards, 

RED     and     WHITE    CURRANTS 

Single  and  Double  Cordons. 

Price  on  application. 

S.      SPOONER      &      SONS, 

The     Nurseries, 
ESTD.  1820  Hounslow,  Middlesex. 


Jani'arv   15 


GARDEN. 


z:^^i^4^s^ 


"^' 


WEBB'S     VEGETABLE      SPECIALITIES. 

Awarded  Prt-mitT  Honours  t'vorywhere.  Webbs'  llasterpiecc 
Onion,  1/-  A  1/6  pkt.  ;  "Webbs'  Selected  Ailsa  Craig  Onion, 
1/-  &  1,6  pkt. :  Webbs'  Marrowfat  Parsnip,  lOd.  loz.  ;  Webbs' 
JIammotli  Longpod  Broad  Bean.  2/3  pint ;  Webbs'  Champion 
Prize  Leek,  1/-  &  1/6  pkt. ;  Webbs'  Conqueror  Tomato,  1/6  pkt. ; 
Webbs'  Everbearing  Cucumber,  1/6  pkt.;  Webbs'  Stourbridge 
Marrow  Pea,  2/6  pint.  Post  free.  Catalogue  on  request. — 
Webb  &  Sons,  Limited,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shrubs,  Japanese  Cherries,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects, 
— John  Waterek,  sons  a  Cp.isp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseries, 
Bagshot,  Surrey. 


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 

SEEDS,  Scotcli  grown  seed  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND   HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,   in   the   new   and   leading   varieties  of   Delphiniums, 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


WATERERS'      FRUIT      TREES.  —  Magni- 

ficent    stock    of    250,000    trees.       Prospective    purchasers    are 
invited  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  Nurseries. 


WATERERS'     ROSES.  —  Superb     Stock. 

John  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Twyford,  Berks. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND    GLAZING 

— "  VIXKOLITE  •■  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  23s.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  **  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  pei 
cwt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  Walteu  CarSON  & 
Sons,  Grove  Works,  Battersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


WELLS'   CHRYSANTHEMUM   CATALOGUE 

now    ready.     Post    free    on    application. — W.    Wells    &    Co., 
Chrysanthemum  Nurseries,  Merstham,  Surrey. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  llhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Reuthe,  Keston 
Kent. 


BARRS'    SEED    GUIDE,    now    ready,  free. 

For  a  Select  List  of  the  best  vegetable  and  Flowrr  Seeds  of 
finest  Selrcted  Strains  and  Tested  Growth.  At  the  B..H.S. 
Wisley  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable  Se-cds  have  received 
exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality,  many  having  been 
Highly  Commended  and  several  givin  First-class  Certificates 
and  Awards  of  Merit.-B.iRR  &  Sons,  11,  12  &  13,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 

THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  In  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogue  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  6d.  and  5s. — J.  Douglas,  Great  Bookham. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2s.  6d.  net ; 
cloth  8s.  6d.  net;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  ConNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


STORING    VEGETABLES     AND     FRUITS  : 

with  chapters  on  "  Dr>ing  in  the  Gven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Lite," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of   Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  8.W.3.  Wire  ;  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SUTTON'S    GARDEN    SEED    CATALOGUE: 

for  1921  is  now  ready  and  will  be  forwirji-d  on  application. ; 
Seed  Orders  are  now  being  daily  received  in  Ijrge  numbers  and  ' 
immediately  dispatched  by  rail  or  post.  Intending  customers  ' 
are  respectfully  reminded  that  by  sending  in  their  requirements  '■ 
as  early  .as  possible  they  will  miteriallv  assist  m  miintaining  , 
the  steady  dispatch  of  orders  throujhovit  the  busy  raontlis  of  1 
January  and  February. —  SUTTOX  A-  SOXS  THE  KI\0'3 
SEEDSMEN,   READING.  "         ' 


SUTTON'S       VEGETABLE      SEEDS.  —  Byj 

constant  selection  and  re-seliction  year  bv  year  our  choicai 
strains  are  maintained  at  the  highest  standard  of  excellence.: 
Our  speciality  for  the  week.  SUTTON'S  PIONEER  PEA.' 
The  finest  early  dwarf ;  per  pint  2/9  quart  5/-. — SniTON  &. 
Sons,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  Reading. 


NOW     IS     THE     TI.ME     TO     PL.\NT 

KELWAY       COLOUR       BORDERS.  —  Are 

you  content  with  your  herbaceous  border,  or  have  you. 
blank,  unnecessary  gaps,  or  colours  that  clash?  If  so, 
wTite  to  KELWAY'S.  They  will  plan  a  border  of  any' 
shape  or  size.  There  is  a  special  fascination  about  their' 
colour  schemes  that  charms  with  each  successive  month — 
a  flaming  blaze  of  colour  from  gold  through  red  and  russet 
to  purple,  touched  here  and  there  with  silverv  blue  and  white.; 
— Kelway  &  Son,  The  Royal  Horticulturists,  Langport, ' 
Somerset.  I 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser  ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  ever>lhing 
underground.  State  particulars. — WiLLUM  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  orna- 
mental garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  description.  Send 
for  illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BouLTON  &  PAUL,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


BOOKS       ON       GARDENING,       BOTANY, 

Natural    History,    Travel,    Sport,    etc.,    for    Sale    at    reduced 
prices.     Lists  free.— F.  G.  LiWSON,  20,  The  Crescent,  Truro. 


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP    MANURE, 

— The    only    reliable    and     complete     i-ubi;titute     for    Stable 
manure.     See  ad\l.  on  p.  iv. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :    Plants  in  Health 

and  Disease,  by  F.  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.JI.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
7s.  6d.  net,  by  post  Ss.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
"  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


BURBAGE  ROSES.— Established  1773.     New 

Descriptive  List  of  over  one  thousand  \arietie3  with  handsome 
coloured  plate,  6d.,  post  free. — The  Burbaoe  Nurseries, 
Nr.  Hinckley,  Leicestershire. 


DUCKS,      GEESE      AND      TURKEYS,      by 

Will  Hooley,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 

SPLENDID      YELLOW      FIBROUS      LOAM 

Pure  Leaf  Mould,  Coarse  Sand,  each  5s.  per  sack.  Prepared 
Compost,  6s.  6f'.  Cocoanut  Fibre,  5s.  6d.  per  sack.  Kainit,  14Ib. 
3s.  9d. — W.  Herbert  <S  Co.,  Hop  Exchange,  London,  S.E. 


PALM    HOUSE    FOR   SALE    IN   HERTS.— 

27ft.  by  24ft.  by  20ft:.,  in  perfect  condition';  fitted  with  venti- 
lators ;  saddle  boiler  and  hot  water  pipes  ;  price  £50.  Driverp, 
Jonas  a-  Co.,  7,  Charles  Street,  St.  James'  Square,  S.W.I. 


BOILERS.— I  No.  .^B  "Junior  Robin  Hood." 

1  No,  6  "  Mona."    For  immediate  di  livery.    Prices  on  applica- 
tion— WM.  Duncan  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  Tottenham,  N.15. 


CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Cole  &  SON,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


ROCK     GARDEN     P  L  A  N  T  S.— Where 

and  in  What  Soils  to  Plant  Them.  A  useful  guide  to  garden 
lovers,  with  catalogue,  48  pages,  post  free. — G.  R.  Phipps, 
Alpine  Nursery,  Barnham,  Bognor. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,    VINES, 

Fig^,  Oranges  and  Orchard  Hou.se  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  poso  free  on  application. — ■ 
Thos.  IliVERs  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

WM.    DUNCAN    TUCKER    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Lawrence  Road,  South  Tottenham,  N.15. — Conservatories, 
Winter  Gardens,  Vineries,  Peach  Houses,  Portable  Build- 
ings, etc. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN, 

Edinburgh,  will  send  a  copy  of  their  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  : 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  paper  is  mentioned. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES  j 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and  i 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  AND  I 


ALPINE      RHODODENDRONS      AND      AZALEAS, 
lists  free. 


New; 


WALLACE'S  LILIES,  TULIPS,  EREMURUS,: 

Calochorti,  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  Crocus,  etc.     Our  catalogue  I 
of  these  is  ready,   free  on  application. — R.   WALLACE  &  Co. 
Ltd.,  The  Old  Gardens,  Tunbridge  Wells.  ; 


BATH'S   SELECT  SEEDS   AND  PLANTS.— | 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds; 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application.  ■ 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E  ),  R.  H.  Bath, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.     4)      free.—  ! 
Moorton,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. . 

\   thoroughly   practical  and   well-illustrated   book   on  these' 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  wTitten  by  Laurtnce  J.  Cook, 
is   now  ready.     Price   23.  6d.   net,   postage  4d.   extra.    It   is  I 
published    at    the    offices    of    "  Country    Life."    Ltd.,    20,  i 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2.  : 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND      STRAWBERRIES.  New      catalogue,      conlalning 

novelties,    gratis.       Hints    on    planting    and    pruning,    2d. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


KING'S     ACRE     SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
for  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliability.— King's  Acre  Nprseries,  Limited,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  in  flowers  and  vegetables, 
including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  IJd.  jwstage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


"CRANSTON'S    EXCELSIOR"    &    "AILSA 

CRAIG "  ONIONS  are  the  best  in  commerce.  Seed  from 
finest  strains  obtainable  at  9d.,  1/-  and  2/6  per  packet  post 
free.  New  illustrated  seed  catalogue  most  moderately  priced, 
free  on  request.  The  best  seeds  at  most  reasonable  prices. 
King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Limited,  Hereford.       'f  i 


McDOUGALL'S     WINTER      WASH,  —  Un- 

rivalled  for  cleansing  fruit  trees  from  moss  and  lichen  ;  also . 
destroys  fungoid  spores,  hitx-rnating  insects,  and  effectively ' 
checks  the  terrible  ravages  of  canker.  1  gall,  drums,  to  ■ 
make  80  gall,  wash,  13s.  6d.  each  ;  quarts,  4s.  6d. ;  plnts^  ■ 
23.  9d.  From  Seedsmen,  Ironmonger?,  etc.  Send  for ' 
special  leaflet. — MoDouoall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street, 
Manchester. 


McDOUGALL'S    « FUMERS "    &    INSECT!- 

CIDE  "  Slieets  "  for  greenhouse  fumigation  ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
MoDouoall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS     SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free.— TERRY  Lee,  16.  Morden  Road.  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


FIDLER'S    NEW   ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  NOW 
READY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  addrtss  on 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  FlDLEE  &  SONS,  Koyal 
Berkshire  Seed  Store?,  Reading. 


TUCKER'S     ALPINES.— Primula  Julia 

(clumps),  1/-;  Venzol,  1/-;  Winteri  (very  strong),  10/6; 
farinoFa,  9d. ;  Pentstemon  Dav1d.sonl,  3 '6;  Androsacc  brl^n- 
tlnea,  1/-;  Hallerl,  1/8;  arachnoldea.  1/-;  pvrenaica,  ]/«; 
WatklnsI,  9d. ;  Sempervivoldcs,  1/-.— R.  Tucker  and  Sons, 
Nurserymen,  Ozfoix]. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[JaNUARV     15,    10.21. 


Write    for    ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE    POST    FREE 

from 


REGISTERED  TRADE  MARK 


TESTED    SEEDS 


RAYNES  PARK,  LONDON,  S.W. 

Branches      ^  ^37   &   238,   High   Holborn,  W.C. 
Kranches      ^   53^^   q^^^^^   Victoria    Street,    E.G. 


l.ARGK     FRUITING    BUSHES    OF 

"SEABROOK'S     BLACK"     CURRANT 

3  feet  high,   at   10  6  per  dozen. 
10  feet  high  LIME    TREES,    1/3    each. 

ONE    YEAR    SCOTCH    HAND    SORTED    EVEN    SAMPLE 

ECLIPSE  SEED  POTATOES,  15/-percwt. 

Orders  over  £2  carriage  paid,  C.W.O. 

^SISIS.  W.  Ashling,  CHICHESTER. 

AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES,    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK     PLANTS, 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY   MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY  &   FRIDAY,  by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 


E.  KING, 


at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 

67     &     68,     CHEAPSIDE, 

Cataloguos   on  Application. 


E.C.2 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


WINTER  WASH. 


EUREKA 

CAUSTIC     AUKAl 

THE   MOST  EFFECTIVE  WASH     FOR    FRUIT  TREES 

IN     Ke   TINS     FOR    10    TO    16    GALLS    OF  WASH. 
WORM    KILLER.     LAWN   SAND    &    GARDEN    SUNDRl 


OniyAdHrnsiTaHLiNSON  kHivwARD  Lr?  Lincoln. 


USE  CORRV'S  CELEBRATED  CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISO.\OUS1 

WINTER    DRESSING 


FOR 

Pint. 
2/3 

SOLD    BV 


FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

G.ill.         ;U";aH.        SGall.    lOGall. 
11  (-  25/6         40/.         76/. 

THE     TRADE     OENERALLV. 


Quart 

3,9 


i.Gall. 
6/. 


Manufactured   by  CORRY    &    CO.,   Ltd.,   London. 


HEAVY  WINTER  EGG  PRODUCTION 

cannot  be  avoided  so  lon^i  as 

"GORDON     GRAY" 

LIGHT     SUSSEX 

are  reRularly  kert  in  YOUR  YARDS. 

EQOS  FOR  HATCHING  NOW  READY. 

Full    particulars    apply —     Deansbrook  Poultry  Farm, 

Q.  QORDON  QRAY,  Ltd.     THAXTED  -       ESSEX. 


WORTH  HAVING 

CAUSTIC  ALKALI— The  most  pene- 
trative liquid  Insecticide.  The  winter  wash. 
KILLS  mealy  bug  and  all  aphides,  spiders 
and  mites.  REMOVES  loose  bark,  lichen 
and  all  fungoid  growths.  One  tin  makes 
11  gallons,  ready  for  use. 

40  tins  90  •;  20  tins  45/-;  10  tins  24/-;  5  tins  14/6 

CARRIAGE    PAID. 

Wm.  WOOD  &  SON,  Ltd. 

TAPLOW,    BUCKS. 


CULTIVATION       WITH       MOVABLE 

FRAMES. — A  calendar  of  opf-rations  showing  liow  to  increase 
your  garden  produce,  bj-  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  o(  The 
Garden),  9d.  net ;  by  post  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices 
of  "  CODSTRY  Life."  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2, 


Sau>e 
SCaJcTuf 


To  keep  your  trees  clean  and 
healthy  during  the  winter  ;  to 
ensure  healthy,  vigorous  growth 
and    good    crops    next    season, 

SPRAY  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 
■with 

COOPER  S 

•WITSTTER   FLTJEID 

Kills  mo.'s  and  lichen  ;  removes  loose 
rough  bark.  Non-poisonous.  Easy  to  use. 
Economical.      ::     Of  agents  everywhere. 

Sole  MoiiHfcicfurcrs  : 
WM.  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS,  Ltd.,  Berkhamsted 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

GREENHOUSES. 

GARDENS. 

LAWNS.  O'. 


COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY      AND      CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  fnrm  of  a  Icif- mould,  re-itly  for  use  at  .iny  time,  in  the  same  way.  and  for  all  purposes  that  stahle  manure  is  put.  (lOes 
further  (4  bushels  equal  linjj  I5c\vts.),  tlives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  ete. 
R«port  of  Royal  Hortlcultaral  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  i-sed  in  the  Society'*;  Gardens  at 
Wislej  .  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  Hower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  lioth 
under  jil-i'.s  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W,  Wri.KS,  Secretarv. 

A   Bciititifiil  Frvc  Booklet  giving  full  fxtrticiilars  atiii  lestinimiials  sent  on  receipt  rf  Postcartt. 

^ir*  CEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS;  GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS.  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -WE 

Prices,  including  hags,  I  bushel  2'3.  4  bushels  »  /-.  .S-4  bushels  28/9,  10-4  bushels  5S/-.  'JO-4  bushels  100/- 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  lIMETcaustlc  or  Q"uick'Eime)r3/6  bushel  bng.  carriage  forward. 
WAKELEY     BROS.      &.    CO.,     LTD.,     75a,      BANKSIDE.     LONDON,      S.E.I. 


THE   CLOCHE   CLIP 


PATENTED 
IN  THE  U.K. 
*     ABROAD. 

THE     CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 

CrOR    making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  ri'otection  of  seeds,  plants, 
*       flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  m.iy  be  had  two  or  three  weeksearlier  by  their 
use.    Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used,  also  old  photographic  plates.     The  Clip  will  , 
ni:ike  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  handled  without  falling  apart. 
Price  7i- doz.    Postage:  9d.  1d02_  II- 2  dot. ;  over  2 doz.  Carrie ge  Paid.   Cash  with  order 

Part'Ciilars  and  ilesigita  of  Clnchct  in  WJrioiif:  shiipfs  ii'ill  l>c  .vi'ii/  on  tJppliLiition.  i 

THE    CLOCHE     CLIP     CO.,     94,     Woodbrldge      Road,      Quildtord,     Surrey  i 


IRISH  LINEN   SALE 

Throughout  January  Robinson  &  Cleaver  are  offering  many 
of  their  real  Irish  Linen  Goods  at  reduced  prices.  The 
thrifty  housewife  will  not  let  this  unique  opportunity  pass  by. 
TABLE     LINEN  TOWELS  BED      LINEN 


BARGAIN  SALE  LIST, 
No.  46  S  sent  p' st  free. 
We  Suurantee  delivery  of  all 
parcels  to  customer's  addr.  $s. 


Piece  Linen  Damaslc 
by  the  yard.  Any 
length  cut.  45  ins.  wide, 
9/3  per  yard  ;  51  ins. 
wide,    10/11  per  yard. 


Hemstitched  Union 
Diaper  Towels,  with 
DamasU  border.  Size 
25  X  42  inches.  Price 
per  half-dozen   -     37/9 


SPECIAL  OFFER. 
Plain      Linen      Pillow 

Cases. 
20  X  30  ins.     Doz.  55/- 
22  X  32  ins.       ..       69/- 


ROBINSON    6?     CLEAVER, 


Linen    Manufacturers,    BELFAST. 


LTD. 


lets  there  P^ 

I  and  makes  the  Garden  T^2«\i 
gay  all  the  year  round  r,r^.vi3 


IN,   BAG   &  SEAL 

BEARSTHIS 
TRADE     MARK. 


Sold  evenwhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  in  PACKKTS  lOd.  &  1/6,  and 

in  BRANDED*  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs.   4/-:  14  lbs.  7/-  :  28  lbs.    12- ;  56  lbs..  22/-;  112  lbs.,  40/-:  or 

d ire.  t  from  the  Works.  Carriage  Paid  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  Cash  with  Order  (except  PACKETS) 


CLAY   &   SON.    Manure  Mfrs  &  Bone  Crushers,  STRATFORD,  LONDON.E. 


January   15,   iq^i. 


THE     GARDEN. 


NOW 


is  the  time  to  plant 


MERRYWEATHER'S 

FRUIT  TREES 


SPECIAL     ATTENTION     QIVEN 
TO      ALL      FRUIT      GROWERS. 

DON'T   FAIL   TO  PLANT 

Bramley's   Seedling 

The  Most  Satisfactory  Apple  Grown. 

The    Merryweather   Damson 

AN  EXCELLENT  CROPPER.      The  fruit  is  of  enormous 
size,  with  the  true  Damson  flavour. 


BRAMLEY'S     SEEDLING. 


Currant  Southwell  Red 

It  flowers  very  Ute,  and  so   escapes  lato  frosts.     Long  bunches  of  bright 

shiniug  red  bfrrirs  are  formed,  the  individual  berries  being  very  large  and 

uniform  in  size.   Wtien  gathered  it  has  a  very  fine  appearance  and  commands 

the  top  price  in  the  market. 

Price  1/-,  stronger  bushes  1,,'6  and  2/-  each. 

LET     US     HELP    YOU. 

Advice  and  quotations  free.     Send  for  Catalogue,  post  free 
~o*i  apfylicaiion.  | 


H.  MERRYWEATHER  &  SONS,  Ltd.,  Southwell,  Notts.  - 


BENTLEY'S 
Concentrated  Alkali 

(WINTER    WASH) 

A  highly  effective  and   most  popular  Winter 
Wash  for  Fruit  and  Forest  Trees  of  every  kind. 

In  tins  sufficient  to  make  22  galls,  of  Wash. 

1    t3  5  tins,  3/7  each.  8  tins,  3/5  each. 

12  tins,  3/3  each.  20    tins  3/1    each. 

40  tins,  2/11   each. 

Carriage  paid  on  201'  orders  and  upwards. 

WEED   DESTROYERS 
DAISY  KILLER  (LAWN  SAND) 
INSECTICIDES        FUNGICIDES 
FUMIGANTS  FERTILIZERS 

Catalogue  on  Application. 


Sole  Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 

CHEMICAL    WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,  HULL. 


PERPETUAL    CARNATIONS. 

We    have,     for     prompt     delivery,     well-grown 

healthy  stock. 

Catalogue  free. 

YOUNG  &  Co.,  Hatherley,  Cheltenham. 

Gold  Medallists.  Estd.   1890. 


■^ 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

J?   »?   jf 

iHE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for   Roses,   Vines. 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern      Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


% 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for   llustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries. 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


KING'S  Acre 


JOSEPH    BENTLEY    LTD., 

having  acquired  the  Goodwill  of  the  old- 
established  business  formerly  carried  on  by 
Messrs.  B.  Eddy  &  Sons  at  Torleven  Works, 
Porthleven,  Cornwall,  are  now  supplying  all 
the  goods  (Netting,  Shadings,  Strings,  etc.) 
hitherto  supplied  by  Me  srs.  Eddy's. 

All   orders  should  be  sent  direct  to  J.  Bentley  Ltd., 
Barrow-onHumber,  Hull. 

Complete     Catalogue     furnished    on    application 


m 


75  Gold  Medals  and  18  Silver  |i 
Cups  Awarded  to  our  Exhibits  M 
during     Seasons      1909-1920.    M 

160  ACRES      I 

I.\CLUDI.\G  ^: 

FRUIT  TREES,  | 
VIN 


FOREST  AND  ORNAMENTAL  |  ■ 
TREES  AND  SHRUBS,  ALPINE  m'' 
AND  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS.    1 


New  Catalogues,  containing  much  use- 
ful information,  free  upon  application. 


King's   Acre    Nurseries 
HEREFORD.   ^'^■ 


THE     GARDEN. 


'January    15,   1921. 


WEBilEEDS 


Awarded  PREMIER  HONOURS  Everywhere. 


Six  Specialities. 

Webbs'  Emperor  Tomato,  i,'-  k  1/6  pkt. 
Webbs'  New  Everbearing  Cucumber,  1/6  -p^t 
Webbs'  Little  I«arvel  Pea  (Early),  2/6  pt.4/6  qt. 
Webbs'  New  Marrowfat  Parsnip,  lOd.  ounce. 
Webbs'  Mammoth  Longpod  Broad  Bean,  2/3  pt. 
Webbs'  Selected  Ailsa  Craig  Onion,  1/-&  1/6  pi^-t. 


All  who  have  Gardens  should  obtain 

WEBBS'  GARDEN  CATALOGUE. 

Beautifally  lUnstratad.    POST  FREE. 


EDWARD  WEBB  &  SONS  (STOURBRIDCD  LTD., 
The  King's  SeeAsmen,  BTOURBRIOGE. 


A  BEAUTIFUL  EDITION 


OF 


Penneils' 

Garden  Guide 


is  now  ready,  and 
will  be  sent  post 
free    upon    request. 

SPECIALITIES  : 


Unusual   Quality 

Certain  Germination 

Low  Prices 


PENNELL  &  SONS,  Lincoln 

ESTABLISHED    1780. 


Ryder s  invite  you  to 

send  for    a   Compli-  I 

mentary  Copy  of  their  I 

Superb  Seed  &"  Plant  | 

Catalogue  for  1921.  I 

St.  Albans.         R.S.V.P.  j 


l^ 


i^.i 


Ryders  Seeds 

for  1921 

RYDERS  are  postins  their 
Gitalogue  tor  1921  on  the  Ist 
January,  and  all  regular  cus- 
tomers wiUreci-ive  a  copy  by  January 
15th.  The  issue  Is  a  very  large  one, 
and  it  takes  a  fortnight  to  post  it. 
If  by  any  chance  you  have  not 
received  your  copy  by  the  middle 
of  January,  please  send  for  one. 
Th  ■  bc3tC,.talo:!ue  ihat  Kyders  have 
ever  isaurd,  Full  of  useful  informa- 
tion, handsomely  Illustrated  with 
well  over  100  pictures  In  colour  and 
bLaclt  and  white  and  containing  the 
iullist  possible  list  of  seeds  for  both 
flower  and  l<itclien  garden.  All  8  ids 
guaranteed  to  be  of  tlie  highest 
Ryder  pre-war  standard — tliere  can 
be  nothing  better.  All  seeds  at 
Ryders  Popular  Prices. 

A  post  card  will  do,  but  write  and 
post  it  to-dav. 

RYDERS 

Seed  Department  No.  11 

ST.    ALBANS. 

(RvderA  Son  (1920),  Ltd. 


Awarded   143  Gold  Models  at  the  Leading  Shows 

BOLTON'S  Sltti"^ 


NOVELTIES  FOR  1921.  The  foltomng  Novelties 
I  can  recommend  wilh  every  confidence.  They 
are  quite  distinct  from  anything  already  on  the 
market.  All  are  extra  vigorous  growers  and 
absolutely  fixed. 

PICTURE. 
Award  of  Merit.  R.H.S.     Award  of  Merit,  N.S.P.S. 
^  First  Class  Certificate,  Shrewsbury. 

In  the  opinion  of  practically  all  the  experts  and 
leading  exhibitors.  Picture  marks  the  highest 
development  and  greatest  advance  up  to  date.  Its 
form  is  superb,  the  outline  of  standards,  wings  and 
keel  being  in  every  respect  that  of  Ihe  very  finest 
Sweet  Peas  in  existence.  Four  bloom-s  are  the  mini- 
mum, sixes  being  frequent,  and  occasionally  as 
many  as  eight  perfect  blooms  have  been  carried  on 
one  stem.  The  colour  may  be  desciibed  as  flesh  pink 
with  a  rosy  flush,  the  whole  being  fascinatingly  suf- 
fused and  shaded  creamy  apricot,  a  most  delightful 
and  altogether  enchanting  combination  of  colours. 
Fragrance  Is  pronounced  and  very  sweet.  Picture 
is  the  nearest  approach  to  perfection  yet  obtained. 
This  noveltv  should  be  included  in  every  collection, 
either  for  exhibition,  garden,  decoration  or  cutting. 
Per  packet,  10  seeds,  16. 

MYRTLE. 

A  very  charming  novelty.  The  half-open  buds 
are  the  nearest  to  yellow  yet  seen.  In  the  early 
stages  the  flowers  are  creamy  yellow.  As  the 
flowers  develop  there  appears  a  bright  band  of 
violet-rose,  resembling  a  rainbow.  The  large 
wavy  flowers  when  cut  make  a  very  effective  and 
telling  bunch.  Per  packet,  10  seeds,  1/- 
OLORY. 

A  particularly  bright  glowing  salmon  cerise.  The 
flowers  are  of  enormous  size,  with  great  substance 
and  far  ahead  of  all  other  cerise-coloured  Sweet 
Peas.  An  abundance  of  four  and  five-fiowered 
sprays  are  produced,  and  this  gem  is  sure  to  be  in 
great  demand  for  exhibition.  As  a  cut  flower  it 
lasts  a  long  time  in  good  condition,  and  does  not 
lose  colour.     Per  packet,  10  seeds,  1/-. 

ROBERT     BOLTON 

The    Sweet    Pea    Specialist 
BAVTHORNEND,     Near     HALSTEAD,     ESSEX. 


Noles  From   Maidstone. 

"  A  HANDBOOK  OF 
HARDY    FRUITS" 

By 
Edioard  A.  Bunyard. 

We  are  glad  to  announce 
that  this  volume  dealing  zcith 
APPLES  AND  PEARS 
is  tiow  published. 

It  contains  descriptions  of 
over  500  Apples  and  Pears, 
with  a  key  to  assist  iden- 
tification. 

It  is  published  by  Mr. 
John  Murray,  and  can  be 
obtained  from    all    booksellers 

or 

7,6,    or    post    free    for     8/-, 

from 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries. 

Maidstone. 


PEARSON'S 

SELECTED 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

ANTIRRHINUMS  are  one  of  the)  best  bedding 
subjects  which  can  be  raised  from  seed.  The 
following  is  our  extra  select  List. 

Per  pkt.— s     (1 
Antirrhinum  majus.     Beautiful  mixed  colours 

2ft.  to  3ft.     0     3 


best  crim.'^on. . 

best  white      .  . 

best  yellow    . . 

—  nanum.     In  beipht  between  Majus  and  Tom 

Tliumb.     Mixed  colours.  . .  IS  in. 
Amber  Queen.      Canary  yellow  overlaid 

chamois  pink 

Black  Prince.     Inteni^ely  dark  crimson.  . 

Carmine   Queen.      Deep  rich  carmine, 

quite  distinct 
Cottage   Maid.     Pale  pink,  with  white 

throat 

—  —  Crimson   King.     The  best  of  this  class 

of  colour  .  .  .  -         .  .    13  in. 
Flame.     Lovely  brilliant  orange  scarlet 

—  —  Pink  Qem  (New).    Clear  rose  pmk,  white 

throat  15  in. 

—  — .  Rose   Dore.     Beautiful  salmon  rose,  the 

br-st  pink 

—  —  The  Bride.     The  finest  white  semi-dwarf 

Viirietv  ..  .-    18  in. 

—  —  Yellow  Qem  (New).     Rich  deep  golden 

vellow 

—  —  Yellow   Queen.     One  of  the  very  best 

yellows  20  in. 

—  Tom  Thumb,     Dwarf  strain,  finest  mixed 

9  to  12  in 

best  crimson 

best  white 

best  yellow 


0     G 


0    6 


0     3 


J.  R.  PEARSON  &  SONS, 

Estab.  1782.  LOWDHAM,  NOTTS. 


.o^^CW.^ 


*^m ''  V^-J:' 


No.   2565.— Vol.   LXXXV. 


[January  15,  192 1. 


THE     RIGHT     USE     OF     ANNUALS 


WE  feel  sure  that  the  practical 
suggestions  and  plans  for 
annuals  appearing  in  our 
pages  will  be  preserved  by 
readers  for  future  reference. 
In  response  to  enquiries  as  to  the  number 
of  plants  required  to  fill  a  given  border  we 
hope  in  an  early  issue  to  publish  an  article 
on  this  subject  giving  the  distances  apart 
that  the  seedlings  should  be  planted. 
In  the  meantime  attention  should  be 
devoted  to  the  preparation  of  the  soil. 

In  getting  a  garden  ready  for  annuals 
every    effort    should    be    taken    to    reduce 
the  soil  to  as  fine  a  tilth  as  possible.     As 
soon  as  the  frost  is  out  of  the  ground  spade 
the   soil.     It   is   not    absolutely   necessary 
to  work  the  soil  very  deeply  for  annuals. 
Many  annuals,   as  explained  elsewhere  in 
this  issue,  will  flower  magnificently  on  poor, 
stony  soil  that  is  turned  up  only  to  a  depth 
of    12   inches   or   so.     In  the   case   of  the 
Sweet  Pea.  however,  it  is  rather  different. 
This  annual  pays  for  deep  trenching  and 
heavy  manure.    The 
point   to   remember 
in      preparing     the 
soil  is  that  it  must 
be    left  \\'ith  a   fine 
surface.     It  is  only 
waste  of  seed  to  sow 
on     coarse,     lumpy 
ground,  where  much 
of     the     seed     is 
lost,    but    there    is 
no    hurrj-    to     sow 
outdoors,  March  and 
.\pril     being    quite 
early  enough. 

It  is  a  common  mis- 
take, when  sowing 
annuals  where  they  are 
to  remain,  first,  to  sow 
too  thickly,  and  after- 
wards to  leave  the  seed- 
ling plants  too  close 
together.  The  result  of 
this  is  an  impoverished 
plant,  and  its  life  is 
consequently  quite  fugi- 
tive in  character.  As  a 
case  in  point,  we  see 
mistakes  made  in  many 
gardens  where  the  popu- 
lar Matthiola  bicomis, 
the  Night  -  see  n  t  e  d 
Stock,  is  grown.  EDGINGS 


.As  a  class  of  plants  it  cannot  be  said  that  hardy 
annuals  are  of  difficult  cultivation,  if  a  due  pro- 
portion of  common-sense  be  exercised  in  their 
treatment.  Most  growers,  no  doubt,  will  have  noted 
how  well  an  adventitious  seedling  will  thrive  where 
it  has  had  plenty  of  room  to  develop.  How  well 
these  look,  too  !  Take  for  example  the  self-sown 
Godetias  in  the  accompanying  illustration  where 
they  are  seen  flanking  the  steps  leading  to  the 
upper  lawn  in  the  garden  of  Lady  Byng  of  Vimy 
at  Thorpe  Hall,  Thorpe-le-Soken.  Essex  Again  a 
casual  plant  of  the  Nicotiana  affinis  hybrids  will  at 
times  thrust  itself  upon  our  notice  and  thrh-e  well. 
We  have  now  several  annuals  that  serve  a  useful 
purpose  as  foliage  plants.  Kochia  tricophyUa 
is  an  instance  of  this.  .As  regards  this  plant,  it 
may  be  noted  that  a  mistake  is  often  made  of 
SDwing  the  seed  and  coddling  the  plants  in  pots 
afterwards  until  they  are  planted  out.  The  Giant 
Hemp  makes  a  fine  display  as  a  foliage  plant  for 
the  backs  of  borders.  From  the  standpoint  of 
fragrance  alone,  hardy  annuals  occupy  a  prominent 
position,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Mignonette,  the 
Slock,    the   Sweet    .Alyssum,    the   Candytuft,    the 


OF    PINK    GODETIAS    IN     AN     ESSEX    GARDEN. 


annual  Datura,  the  Sweet  Scabious  and,  of  course, 
the  Sweet  Pea. 

From  among  hardy  annuals  (or  those  that  can 
be  raised  in  cold  frames)  we  draw  a  large  number 
of  our  everlasting  flowers,  such  as  the  Rhodanthe. 
the  Helichrysum,  the  Acrochnium  and  the  annual 
forms  of  the  Statice.  Some  of  the  prettiest  of 
the  ornamental  Grasses  are  also  annuals  ;  these 
are  excellent  to  use  with  the  everlasting  flowers 
just  noted.  Briza  minima,  B.  maxima,  Lagurus 
ovatus,  Eragrostis  elegans,  Agrostis  nebulosa 
and  A.  pulchella  are  all  beautiful,  and  they  also 
last  well.  Where  a  position  can  be  allotted  to 
hardy  annuals  alone,  they  make  a  most  attractive 
feature,  and  well  repay  any  e.xtra  trouble  that 
may  be  given  them.  There  is  such  a  diversity 
in  form,  in  habit  and  in  growth.  We  have  climb- 
ing annuals,  bush-like  annuals,  prostrate  annuals, 
annuals  for  growing  upon  walls,  and  annuals  that 
will  thrive  where  scarcely  any  other  plant  will  grow. 
We  have  hardy  annuals  also  that  well  repay 
for  pot  culture,  (see  page  32)  and  we  have  often 
been  surprised  that  so  little  use  is  made 
of  them  in  that  special  way.  Nothing  in  the 
spring  is  more  delightful 
than  pots  of  Nemophila 
insignis  with  the  growth 
completely  hiding  the 
pots  and  studded  with 
its  bright  blue  and 
white  flowers.  The 
Mignonette  is  grown 
more  than  the  preced- 
ing, but  its  growth  in 
private  gardens  is  not  so 
good  as  the  trade 
growers  produce  for  our 
markets.  Its  require- 
ments are  not, 
so  well  understood  as 
they  should  be.  The 
Viscaria  affords  another 
instance  of  what  may 
be  accomplished  in  pots 
with  hardy  annuals, 
such  as  V.  cardinalis, 
V.  elegans  picta,  V. 
oculata  and  V.  oculata 
coerulea.  yet  these  are 
rarely  seen  so  grown. 
.Aimuals  in  pots  may  be 
cast  upon  the  rubbish- 
heap  when  past  their 
best  to  give  place  to 
something  new.  and  is 
not  this  a  dist'nct 
advantage  ? 


28 


THE    GARDEN. 


[January  15,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 

(The  Editor  is    not    responsible    for    the    opinions 
expressed   by   corre.:pondents.) 


REFLEXING     IN     DAFFODILS. 

T  HAVE  been  examining  with  interest  tlie  twelve 
Daffodil  portraits  in  the  lately  published 
Annual  Report  of  the  Midland  Daffodil  Society. 
I  do  not  know  what  expert  photographers  may 
think  of  them,  but,  for  myself,  I  find  tliem  striking 
and  admirable,  because,  apart  from  the  question 
of  colour,  they  seem  to  me  to  indicate  so  well  the 
character  of  the  flowers  they  stand  for  ;  that  is  to 
say,  of  the  flowers  which  I  happen  to  remember, 
though  I  am  sorry  to  find  that  there  are  one  or 
two  of  those  remarkable  blooms  which  I  do  not 
remember,  if,  indeed,  I  saw  them.  One  of  these 
is  Crimson  Braid,  raised  by  Mr.  Herbert  Chapman 
and  shown  by  Mr.  Churcher.  The  description 
runs  :  "  It  has  a  very  striking  red-rimmed  eye, 
which  marks  it  off  from  every  other  variety. 
The  perianth  is  white,  but  unfortunately  is  inclined 
to  '  go  back.'  "  It  is  one  of  the  merits  of  the 
photograph  that  it  shows  so  well  the  reflexed 
character  of  this  Daffodil.  But  why  "  unfortunately 
inclined  to  go  back  "  ?  I  hope  I  can  appre  Jate 
as  much  as  anyone  the  beauty  of  those  fine,  bold, 
round-petalled  flowers,  the  segments  of  which  lie 
on  the  same  or  almost  the  same  plane — a  flower, 
for  instance,  such  as  the  Daffodil  the  picture  of 
which  faces  Crimson  Braid's.  But  is  this  uniformity 
of  plane  a  sine  qua  non  in  Daffodils  ?  We  know 
that  the  old  Pansy  fanciers  were  unhappy  unless 
their  flowers  were  perfectly  flat  circles  ;  but  we 
have  outgrown,  let  us  hope,  this  ideal  of  the  Pansy. 
At  any  rate,  I  should  be  sorry  to  know  that  the 
same  hard  rule  was  laid  down  for  the  Daffodil, 
because  tliere  are  some  Daffodils  (and,  if  I  may 
judge  from  its  portrait.  Crimson  Braid  is  one  of 
them)  of  which  one  of  the  peculiar  charms  is  pre- 
cisely this — that  its  segments  are  not  all  on  one 
plane,  but  so  arranged  as  to  give  a  sense  of  exquisite 
variety  in  distance  and  shadow.  Every  Daffodil 
is  made  up  of  two  segment  triangles,  one  super- 
imposed on  the  other  (I  suppose  the  anterior 
triangle  is  the  homologue  of  the  petals  in  other 
flowers,  the  posterior  of  the  calyx).  In  Crimson 
Braid,  if  the  photograph  is  true  to  its  subject, 
the  calyx  triangle  of  segments  recedes  from  the 
anterior  three.  Can  this  be  deemed  "  unfortu- 
nate "  ?  Is  it  a  misfortune  for  the  flower,  or  an 
added    beauty  ? — Somers. 

THE    AUTUMN-FRUITING    RASPBERRY 

LLOYD    GEORGE. 

AS  a  very  interested  admirer  of  your  paper,  I 
should  like  to  give  my  experience  of  growing 
the  new  Lloyd  George  Raspberry.  I  have  not  yet 
seen  a  description  in  your  paper ;  even  the  grower's 
advertisement  only  mentions  its  perpetual  fruiting 
propensity.  I  daresay  many  of  your  readers 
are  thinking  of  planting  Raspberries  this  spring 
and  may  be  interested  to  know  about  this  particular 
wonderful  plant.  I  bought  a  few  dozen  in  March, 
1920.  They  were  planted  on  clayey  but  well 
worked  soil  that  had  been  bastard  trenched  and 
manured  the  previous  autunm.  At  the  same  date 
I  bought  a  few  Superlative  which  I  understood 
were  of  the  highest  repute  of  old  varieties.  They 
both  had  exactly  the  same  treatment,  and  were 
planted  in  large  holes  in  yellow  fibrous  loam  mixed 
with  a  handful  of  bone-meal.  In  May  they  had 
another  application  of  manure  well  round  the 
roots  on  the  surface — no  artificial  at  any  time. 
By  the  time  growth  ceased  in  the  autumn  the 
Lloyd  George  plants  had  thrown  up  from  two  to 
three  of  the  strongest  shoots  I  ever  saw  on  Rasp- 
berries, some  a  good  half-inch  at  the  base.     .'\lso 


most  of  them  liad  run  a  root  under  the  surface 
which  had  sent  up  another  strong  shoot  3  feet 
high,  which,  when  cut  ofl,  has,  I  believe,  ample 
fibrous  roots  of  its  own  to  form  a  separate  fruiting 
plant  this  next  season.  Superlative  was  a  failure, 
iS  inches  to  24  inches  at  the  outside,  and  not  half 
the  strength.  I  have  burnt  them.  I  understand 
that  the  fruit  of  Lloyd  George  is  larger  than  the 
ordinary  Raspberry  and  luscious  in  flavour. 
— W.  S.  Etchells,    Grosvenor,  Bath. 


A     USE 

PERHAPS    there 


FOR     HEMLOCK. 

is  no  British  weed  deemed 
more  worthless  and  objectionable  than  the 
common,  evil-smelling  Hemlock  {Conium  macu- 
latum),  none  which  scatters  its  seeds  more  per- 
sistently ;  and  when  these  fall  on  the  flower 
border  they  strike  roots  to  such  a  depth  that  the 
effort  to  extract  them  is  liable  to  give  rise  to  most 
unparliamentary  language.  The  umbels  of  its 
dingy  flowers  disfigure  the  margins  of  our  moist 
west  country  woods  in  autumn,  and  although  the 
plant  is  by  nature  only  annual  or  bieimial,  if  the 
flowering  stem  is  cut  down  before  seeding  it  takes 
a  new  lease  of  life  and  survives  to  repeat  the 
offence  in  another  season.  Nevertheless,  it  may 
be  made  to  minister  to  the  comfort  of  those  wlio, 
like  myself,  are  confirmed  pipe-smokers.  The  old 
flower-stems,  which  stand  3  feet  to  5  feet  high 
through  the  winter,  make  admirable  pipe-lighters, 
far  more  convenient  than  the  short  spills  usually 
provided  for  that  purpose.  I  feel  confident  that 
any  lady  who,  in  furnishing  her  stall  at  a  bazaar, 
should  offer  bundles  of  Hemlock  stems  neatly 
tied  up  in  bright  ribbon  would  find  ready  customers 
among  the  male  creatures  who  wander  disconso- 
lately in  the  throng,  fingering  undesired  photograph 
frames  and  superfluous  pocket-books.  I  began 
by  using  the  dry  stems  of  Michaelmas  Daisies  ; 
but  they  do  not  light  so  readily  as  Hemlock  and, 
when  lighted,  drop  incandescent  ash  to  the  detri- 
ment of  the  hearthrug.  They  are,  however, 
invaluable  as  supports  for  summer  flowers,  being 
practically  invisible.  Dry  Lily  stems  are  quite 
as  good  as  Hemlock,  but  not  so  easily  come  by. 
The  fallen  branchlet  of  Araucaria  is  excellent,  for 
when  lighted  it  emits  a  clear  jet  of  gas  from  the 
tip  ;  but  it  is  much  heavier  than  the  Hemlock, 
and  is  inconveniently  curved. — Herbert  Maxwell, 
Monreith. 

AUTUMN  COLOURING. 
TN  your  issue  of  December  25th,  1920,  Mr.  Noble 
asks  for  further  suggestions  on  this  matter.  1 
have  never  gardened  on  chalk  soils,  so  my  sugges- 
tions may  be  in  part  of  no  value  to  him.  But 
I  have  no  doubt  that  he  could  not  fail  with  Pyrus 
arbutifolia,  a  dwarf  and  rather  iminteresting  shrub 
in  summer,  but  in  autumn  changing  to  the  most 
gorgeous  velvety  scarlet.  It  will  grow  almost 
anywhere,  and,  but  that  its  glory- — Uke  all  mortal 
glories — is  too  fleeting,  it  is  perhaps  the  most 
strikmg  of  all  autumn  colours.  There  is,  perhaps, 
no  need  to  mention  Prunus  Pissardii,  many  of 
the  Japanese  Cherries,  which  are  almost  as  lovely 
in  autumn  as  in  spring,  Viburnum  plicatum  or 
Amelanchier  canadensis.  These  are  all  beautiful, 
if  less  startling  in  their  valediction.  To  plant, 
however,  with  the  best  effect,  I  think  it  is  always 
well  to  have  some  evergreen  background  to  the 
autvunn  garden,  and  nothing,  I  think,  is  more 
effective  than  the  rich  and  sober  green  of  Irish 
Yew.  But  any  deep  green — -green  that  has  the 
ivory  black  of  Rich's  water  colours  in  it — will 
serve.  Talking  of  evergreens,  I  know  of  nothing 
better  for  a  north  wall  than  Ekeagnus  japonica 
macrophylla,  with  its  polished  green  leaves  moulded 
as  it  were  from  bronze  and  with  a  brilliant  silver 
reverse.  In  a  sunny  position,  when  estabUshed,  its 
large  glaucous- orange  berries  add  to  its  quiet, 
sculptured  beauty— R.  Spender,  Oxford. 


THE     POT     MARIGOLD. 

^HE  Pot  Marigold  (Calendula  officinalis)  is  one 
of  the  true  "  old-fashioned  plants,"  which 
has  been  in  British  gardens  for  many  generations. 
It  probably  owed  its  early  introduction  to  the  use 
made  of  it  in  flavouring  various  dishes,  but  it  is 
now  cultivated  for  the  brightness  of  its  flowers. 
The  appearance  of  the  pretty  variety  called  Meteor, 
was  hailed  with  delight  a  goodly  number  of  years 
ago,  when  it  was  welcomed  for  its  doubleness  and 
the  wonderfully  symmetrical  marking,  practically 
checkering,  of  its  blooms.  Since  that  a  few  others, 
mainly  appreciated  for  their  warm  colouring, 
have  entered  the  field.  One  of  these  called  Prince 
of  Orange,  is  excellent  and  of  a  brilliant  tone  of 
orange  yellow.  This  is  commonly  a  bieimial  and 
often  sows  itself  very  freely.  In  the  north,  how- 
ever, it  is  not  safe  to  trust  to  a  severe  winter 
dealing  tenderly  with  these  seedlings  and  it  may 
be  treated  as  a  hardy  aimual  by  sowing  at  the  same 
time  as  other  annuals  of  this  class.  Sown  in  June 
it  will  flower  late.  The  authoress  of  "  Stray 
Leaves  from  a  Border  Garden,"  speaks  enthusias- 
tically of  it  and  tells  us  that  a  silver  Marigold 
was  one  of  the  prizes  at  the  Floral  Fete  of  Toulouse, 
but  it  does  not  seem  certain  that  it  is  our  old  Pot 
Marigold  which  is  meant.  Pot  Marigold  has  still 
prizes  offered  for  it  at  some  Scottish  flower 
shows,  where  they  are  generally  described  as 
"Scotch  Marigolds." — S.  A.,  Dumfries. 


I 


MICHAELMAS     DAISIES     AND 
BUTTERFLIES. 

HAVE  read  with  much  interest  the  article  on 
Michaelmas  Daisies  by  the  Rev.  J.  Jacob  in 
your  issue  of  December  11,  1920,  and  the  notes 
it  has  produced  from  other  writers  in  your  issue 
of  January  i.  I  do  not  intend  to  discuss  the 
merits  of  the  single  and  double  (more  correctly 
called  semi-double)  varieties.  Tastes  differ.  How- 
ever. 1  cannot  refrain  from  echoing  the  remark 
quoted  by  Mr.  W.  Linders  Lea.  that  many  expert 
gardeners  when  they  have  seen  a  really  up-to-date 
collection  have  been  astonished  and  have  ex- 
claimed, "  I  had  no  idea  that  Michaelmas 
Daisies  were  so  beautiful."  It  is  the  attrac- 
tion of  these  and  other  flowers  for  butterflies 
that  induces  me  to  write  this  note.  No  one  seems 
to  have  remarked  that,  strong  as  the  lure  of 
the  Michaelmas  Daisy  is  to  some  of  our  most 
beautiful  butterflies,  there  are  other  plants  which 
prove  even  more  attractive.  Nothing  that  I 
have  ever  seen  draws  so  many  of  these  floating 
gems  as  the  Echinacea  (Rudbeckia  purpurea). 
For  some  years  I  have  had  a  large  bed  of  Echinacea 
surrounded  on  all  sides  by  half  an  acre  of  Michael- 
mas Daisies,  and  the  former  easily  carry  the  day. 
In  a  part  of  the  country  where  butterflies  are  not 
so  common  as  in  many  districts  the  Echinacea 
will  attract,  often  in  quantities,  three  exquisite 
insects,  the  Red  Admiral,  Peacock  and  Comma, 
which  flit  from  one  huge  cone  to  another,  rivalUng 
the  glorious  gold  and  copper  tints  which  are  such 
a  charming  feature  of  this  plant.  I  suppose  all 
butterfly  lovers  know  the  attraction  of  Buddleia 
variabilis,  but  if  they  wish  to  provide  an  earlier 
feast  for  summer  they  sliould  plant  a  patch  of 
the  annual  Statice  (sinuata)  blue  and  white,  also 
the  yellow  variety  (Bonduelli). — Ernest  Ballard. 
Malvern, 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 

January  18. — National  Rose  Society's  forty- 
fourth  Annual  General  Meeting  to  ba  held  at  the 
Royal  Institute  of  Painters  in  Water  Colours, 
195,   Piccadilly,  London,  W.,  at  2.30  p.m. 

January  25. — Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
fortnightly  meeting  at  Westminster. 


January  15.  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


29 


More  about  "Anne  Amateur's"  Wall 

/;;  a  previous  issue  our  correspondent  '  Anne  Amateur  "  asked  for 
suggestions  as  to  climbing  plants  for  north  and  east  zvalls.  As  the 
subject  is  of  zvide  interest,  ice  give  below  further  expressions  of  opinioti 
from  readers  on  suitable  fruit  trees  atid  climbers,  also  plants  for  wall  tops. 


IN  that  beautifully  illustrated  and  useful 
work  "  The  Century  Book  of  Gardening," 
published  at  the  offices  of  Country  Life,  Ltd., 
there  is  a  capital  article  on  "  Fruit  Trees," 
by  Mr.  George  Bunyard,  V.M.H.  In  that 
art'cle  he  writes  :  "  We  next  come  to  the  north 
wall.  This  position  is  usually  relegated  to  Morello 
Cherries  as  fan  trees  at  15  feet  apart,  but  one 
can  also  introduce  a  few  stewing  Pears,  such  as 
Catillac,  Gilogil  and  General  Todleben,  and  also 
some  late  Plums  to  continue  the  supply  after  the 
other  wall  trees  and  open  pyramids  are  over. 
Coe's  Golden  Drop,  Jefferson,  Rivers' 
Late  Orange.  Reine  Claude  de  Bavay 
and  Bonne  Bouche  will  answer  this  pur- 
pose, and  with  the  llorellos  plant  a  few 
of  the  Flemish  and  Kentish  Cherries  for 
tarts.  Few  are  aware  of  the  delicious 
flavour  these  latter  give  under  such 
treatment,  and  they  are  well  worthy 
of  a  wall;  all  require  15  feet  spaces. 
The  wall  "^spaces  between  the  trees 
ran   be    filled   with    late  Gooseberries 


yet  the  reason  is,  of  course,  quite  clear — the  warmth 
of  a  south  wall  starts  a  plant  into  early  growth 
which  is  injured  by  cold  winds,  while  if  grown  on 
a  north  wall  it  does  not  start  into  growth  until 
the  air  is  warm  and  the  worst  danger  to  leaf  and 
blossom  from  spring  frosts  is  past.  Planting  early- 
flowering  and  somewhat  tender  subjects  on  a 
south  wall  is  a  mistake  too  frequently  made, 
and  my  old  friend's  tip  is  a  most  useful  one.  though, 
of  course,  one  has  to  remember  that  such  things 
as  the  Peach  and  Nectarine  require  the  warmth 
that  a  south  wall  gives  to  ripen  the  wood  on  which 


and  Arabis  will  grow  with  but  little  preparation, 
and  the  seeds  of  Wallflowers  and  Antirrhinums 
may  be  rubbed  into  the  old  mortar.  If  it  is  a 
new  wall,  square  pockets  can  easily  be  made  with 
bricks  without  the  use  of  mortar,  and  placed  at 
uniform  intervals  and  filled  with  soil  and  old  mortar 
rubbish,  or  the  whole  length  of  the  wall  may  be 
covered  with  large  stones  so  placed  to  hold  pockets 
of  earth,  which  would  otherwise  be  washed  off 
or  blown  away. 

The  top  of  the  wall  of  my  own  garden  was 
soon  gay  with  flowers  from  seed  sown  in  this 
way,  and  some  plants  grew  even  on  the  side  of 
the  wall.  On  several  occasions  when  Wallflowers 
and  Antirrhinums  were  killed  by  severe  frost  in 
the  open  border  those  on  the  top  of  the  wall 
escaped  and  continued  to  flower  for  several  years 
in  succession. 

Remembering    the    many    hints    which    "  Anne 


SNAPDRAGONS     ON     THE     WALL     TOP. 


MORELLO     CHERRIES     AS     FAN     TREES     ON     A     NORTH     WALL, 

say.  Warrington,  Rifleman  ;  Red  Currants, 
as  Fay's  Prolific  and  Raby  Castle  ;  and  White 
Currants  for  late  use,  as  it  may  be  some  years 
before  the  Cherries,  etc.,  require  all  the  space." 
Loganberries  and  the  Cutleaf  Blackberries  will 
grow  rampantly,  but  the  fruit  requires  more  sun 
than  this  aspect  affords  to  bring  out  the  flavour. 
Gooseberries  in  such  a  position  fruit  well  and 
ripen  a  little  later  than  when  grown  in  full  sun, 
and  the  same  remark  applies  to  Red  Currants. 
This  adds  to  their  usefulness,  and  if  protected 
from  birds,  as  they  easily  can  be  when  grown 
thus,  the  fruit  will  hang  for  a  long  time  in  good 
condition  even  after  it  is  ripe.  Another  important 
point  is  that  the  blossom  is  far  more  likely  to 
escape  the  ravages  of  spring  frosts.  I  remember 
once  telling  Mr.  George  Paul  that  some  shrub 
which  1  had  planted  on  a  south  border  was  always 
cut  by  the  spring  frosts,  and  to  my  surprise  he 
told  me  to  transplant  it  to  a  northern  position  ; 


the   fruit 
borne. 

In  a  gar- 
den   near 
liere    a  Red 
Currant  tree 
trained     as 
an     espalier 
in   square   form    on    a    north   wall,    was    planted 
in    my    grandfather's    time,    and     has     provided 
fruit     year     after     year     for     half    a     century. 
It  is  still  in  healthy  condition  and  about  7  feet 
high,    the  greatest   length   of  the  branches  being 
trained   to  run   in   a  perpendicular  direction. 

In  a  small  garden  economy  of  space  is  a  most 
important  feature,  and  to  get  a  supply  of 
fruit  on  the  northern  boundary  wall  itself  from 
trees  which  only  project  a  few  inches  from 
it  is  to  make  the  best  use  of  the  space 
available. 

Even  if  the  border  n  which  these  fruit  trees 
grow  is  only  2  feet  wide  it  is  an  ideal  place  for 
growing  such  things  as  Lilies  of  the  Valley.  Pansies, 
Polyanthuses.  Primroses  and  the  old-fashioned 
Double  Crimson  Daisies.  It  is  also  the  best  place 
for  rooting  Rose  and  other  cuttings. 

1  have  even  utilised  the  top  of  the  wall.  If  it 
is   an   old   one,   Houseleeks,   Stonecrops,   Aubretia 


Amateur  "  has  given  us  as  to  the  use  of  fruit, 
I  venture  to  think  that  the  passage  I  have  quoted 
from  Mr.  George  Bunyard's  artide  on  the  value 
of  the  north  wall  may  be  of  interest  to  her 
and  others. 

Hoddesdon,  Herts.  H.  H.  Warner. 


I  AM  afraid  that  I  am  rather  late  in  making 
suggestions  for  climbers  for  north  and  east 
walls,  asked  for  by  "Anne  Amateur  "  (The  Garden. 
December  11.  page  606).  I  am  staying  with  Mrs. 
C.  W.  Earle  and  we  have  talked  the  matter  over 
together,  and  from  our  experience,  tlie  best  things 
to  plant  on  an  east  wall  are  Kerria  japonica  flore- 
pleno.  Rose  Alister  Stella  Gray  and  Rose  Aimie 
Vibert ;  and  on  the  north  Garrya  elliptica,  Jasminum 
nudiflorum  and  a  double  Cherry.  1  have  also 
grown  Clematis  davurica  on  an  east  wall  with 
good  efiect,  climbing  over  the  strong  branches  of  a 
Rose.  I  think  fruit  trees  are  not  planted  enough 
on  houses.  I  intend  having  both  Pears  and 
Peaches  trained  against  the  walls  of  a  small  liouse 
I  am  having  built  on  the  South  Coast.  The  double 
Peach  is  a  lovely  thing  grown  in  a  sheltered 
position,  and  the  flowers  last  well  in  water  if  picked. 
—Ethel  Case,  Cobham,  Surrey. 


30 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  15,  1921. 


BORDERS     OF     ANNUALS 

For   Light   and   Heavy   Soils,   with   Plans 

By    GERTRUDE    JEKYLL,    V.M.H. 


Annuals  for  Light  Soils. —  Ihere  is  not 
always  in  a  garden  an  opportunity  for  having 
special  borders  for  annuals,  yet  such  a  chance 
occurs  from  time  to  time,  and  especially  now 
when  ground  is  being  slowly  restored  from 
the  unavoidable  neglect  of  war-time  ;  for  there 
are  regions  still  infested  with  Couch  or  some  other 
troublesome  weed,  such  as  cannot  be  entirely 
got    rid    of    by    one    forking    over.     Here    is    the 


with  all  the  otheis  of  the  Dianthus  family,  are 
never  happy  except  in  loamy  soil,  preferably 
chalky,  so  that  %he  beautiful  Indian  Pinks,  also  in 
their  several  charming  varieties  will  be  well  dis- 
played in  our  heavy  soiled  annual  border.  The 
Bell  Flowers,  tco,  many  of  them  natives  of  the 
limestone  alps,  are  thankful  for  being  grown  on 
such  a  rich,  dark  loam  as  usually  clothes  a  cal- 
careous   formation.     Of    these,    Canterbury    Bells 


on  colour,  while  the  subtle  elusive  charm  of  odour 
is  passed  by,  especially  in  the  case  of  annual 
flowers.  Let  us  have  bold  groups  of  white  Tobaccos, 
Stocks,  both  the  showy  ten-week  variety  and  its 
inconspicuous  relative,  Matthiola  bicomis,  which  is 
hardly  noticed  dru-ing  the  day,  but  asserts  its 
presence  to  our  nostrils  in  no  uncertain  manner  as 
evening  comes  on.  Broad  sweeps  of  Mignonette, 
etc.,  hear  to  the  house,  so  that  with  the  gentle 
stirring  of  the  breeze  their  perfume  is  wafted  within 
doors  with  the  cool  air  through  open  windows. 
Many  of  the  best  are  half  hardy  and  should  be  sown 
now  in  a  moderately  heated  house  so  as  to  get 
them  well  forward  by  planting  out  time.  Of  these, 
Ambrosia  mexicana  is  very  useful,  with  extremely 
pretty,  fragrant  foliage  reaching  a  height  of  i  foot. 
Sow  a  few  seeds  in  the  centre  of  each  pot  and  thin 


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30  U-o  S'O 

A     BORDER     OF     ANNUALS     FOR     LIGHT     SOIL. 


opportunity  for  the  bed  of  annuals,  to  be  used  as 
what  gardeners  call  a  cleaning  crop.  The  ground 
is  cleared  of  the  weeds  as  well  as  may  be  during 
■  the  early  year  or  the  previous  winter,  so  as  to  be 
ready  for  sowing  in  March.  The  annuals  will 
cover  it  all  the  summer,  and  in  the  autumn,  when 
their  beauty  is  over,  it  will  receive  its  final  cleaning. 
It  may  be  taken  as  a  general  rule  that  the  plants 
that  are  natives  of  the  warmer  climates  will  be 
the  ones  best  suited  to  the  lighter  and  warmer 
soils ;  we  therefore  infer  that  the  Califomian 
Eschscholzia  and  Bartonia  and  the  Mexican 
Argemone  and  Ageratum,  and  plants  from  similar 
climates,  will  be  the  ones  to  use  ;  only  avoiding 
those  that,  from  our  knowledge  or  experience, 
have  shown,  by  their  unwillingness  to  do  well  in 
light  soil,  that  they  demand  something  more 
nourishing.  The  plan  of  a  short  piece  of  border 
sho\vs  an  arrangement,  with  some  thought  for 
suitable  grouping  and  harmonious  colouring,  of 
some  of  the  annuals  that  do  well  in  light  sandv 
soil  with   moderate  enrichment. 

Annuals  for  Heavy  Soils.  — By  a  heavy 
soil  is  generally  understood  one  that  is  of  a 
stifiish  loam  or  that  has  a  considerable  ad- 
mixture of  chalky  matter.  A  number  of  our 
annual  and  biennial  plants  have  a  decided  preference 
for  such  a  soil.  It  may  be  taken  as  a  rule  that  all 
the  Cruciferas,  a  large  family,  including  manv 
important  garden  plants,  will  only  show  their 
best  on  a  rich,  heavy  soil,  preferably  calcareous. 
Here  is  the  place  for  large  plantings  of  Wallflowers, 
Stocks,  Rockets  and  all  the  annual  Iberis,  of  which 
the  large  I.  coronaria  is  so  fine  a  thing  when  well 
grown.  Sweet  Sultan  is  also  a  plant  that  grows 
in  a  poor,  unwilling  way  in  light  ground,  but  that 
is  grand  on  a  good  loam.  Sweet  Williams,  some  of 
the  finest  and  most  effecti\-e  of  summer  flowers, 


will  be  the  most  important  in  the  annual  border, 
grown  as  usual  as  biennials  ;  they  are  all  good, 
but  perhaps  the  prettiest  are  those  of  the  cup  and 
saucer  pattern,  for  the  spreading  saucer  widens 
the  mass  of  bloom  colour.  Sweet  Peas  are  never 
happy  in  light  soils,  in  which  they  can  only  be 
grown  by  means  of  special  enrichment,  but  they 
revel  in  a  rich  loam.  The  pretty  dwarf  Phloxes 
of  the  Drummondii  kinds  are  also  loam-lovers. 
In  the  accompanying  plan  no  Wallflowers  are 
shown  because  they  are  essentially  spring  flowers 
and  are,  therefore,  not  suitable  for  a  border  of 
summer  annuals.  But  in  their  own  place,  in  the 
garden  of  spring  flowers,  nothing  can  exceed  their 
value  ;  also  in  any  places  where  a  spring  filling 
is  desired,  to  be  followed  later  bv  summer  flowers. 


Annuals    for    Fragrance 

"  A   scent.      From   the    grey-walled   gardens   a 
breath 
Of  the  fragrant  Stock  and  the  Pink 
Perfumes  the  evening  air." 

Matthew   Arnold. 

WHAT  a  picture,  of  a  garden  as  it 
should  be  this  conjures  up.  A 
garden  mellowed  by  years,  grey 
walled  and  fragrant  at  eve  as  the 
sun  sinks  to  the  western  horizon, 
with  sheltering  greenness,  lovely  flowei-s  and 
brilliant  colourings.  A  place  indeed  in  which  to 
rest  and  be  thankful  after  the  day  is  clone.  To 
omit  fragrance  is  a  sad  loss  and  in  friends'  gardens  I 
have  often  been  struck  by  the  lack  of  attention 
paid  to  this  point.     Too  much  stress  is  often  laiil 


out  the  seedlings  to  a  single  one  after  well  up. 
For  indoor  use  in  the  greenhouse,  Angelonia  grandi- 
flora  is  excellent  and  can  be  kept  over  from  >'ear 
to  year.  It  attains  a  height  of  i8  inches  and  is 
very  sweet,  either  the  white  or  lilac  variety  being 
equally  good  in  this  respect.  Little  grown  are 
the  annual  Daturas,  the  perfume  of  many  varieties 
of  which  is  well  nigh  overpowering,  but  they  are 
of  easy  management  and  most  attractive.  D. 
ceratoeaula,  pure  white,  very  showy  and  fragrant, 
and  D.  cornucopea,  with  flowers  deep  purple  on  the 
outside  and  white  within,  can  both  be  confidently 
recommended  for  the  greenhouse,  the  latter 
frequently  proving  a  success  outdoors  in  good 
seasons.  Martynia  fragrans,  the  wonderful  Unicorn 
Plant,  is  more  peculiar  than  pleasant,  but  well 
worth  growing  for  its  imique  flowers  and  seed  pods. 
The  flowers  are  buff,  somewhat  like  a  Mimulus  in 
shape  and  beautifully  spotted  on  the  throat, 
followed  by  huge  seed  pods  shaped  like  the  unicorn's 
horn.  The  Night  Scented  Stock  should  be  sown 
outside  in  April,  covering  the  seed  but  lightly  with 
soil.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  use  this  as  a  groundwork 
between  some  brilliant  flower,  as  its  only  value  lies 
in  its  fragrance,  but  by  combination  we  may  have 
the  two  together.  Mignonette  will  occur  to  all  in 
search  of  pleasant  odour  and  let  me  put  in  a  special 
word  for  the  variety  Parson's  White,  an  attractive 
form  that  is  more  than  usually  powerful.  Nothing 
excels  the  common  white  Tobacco  at  dusk,  when 
the  flowers  expand,  a  bold  mass  of  several  dozens 
of  these  perfuming  the  air  far  and  wide.  An 
entrancinglittle  plant,  smelling  strongly  of  Almonds, 
is  the  Lace  Flower,  Schizopetalon  Walkeri.  which 
should  not  be  sowi  until  the  latter  half  of  April,  as 
it  is  only  half  hardy  and  is  impossible  to  trans- 
plant. The  roots  are  so  delicate  that  they  promptly 
die  if  this  is  attempted,  so  sow  thinly  and  then  if 


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A     BORDER     OF     ANNUALS     FOR     HEAVY     SOIL. 


10 


January  15,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


31 


too  thick,  thin  out  to  6  inches  apart.  During  the 
dav  the  flowers  remain  tightly  closed,  but  about 
six  o'clock  commence  to  unfold  into  delicate, 
finely  cut  squares,  just  like  lace.  Sweet  Peas,  of 
course,  are  grand  and  need  no  more  than  a  mention 
as  they  are  so  indispensable  from  every  point  of 
view.  Sweet  Sultans,  too,  are  superb,  particularly 
for  cutting,  their  delicate  shades  appearing 
especially  well  under  artificial  light.  These  should 
be  sown  early  to  ensure  the  best  results  for,  like 


the  Cornflowers,  they 
are  never  better  than 
where  self  sown. 
This  means  that  they 
germinate  at  the 
ea  r  1  i  e  s  t  moment 
and  thrust  their 
roots  deeply  before 
the  heat  of  summer 
comes.    H.  W.  C.  W. 


GROUPING    HARDY    ANNUALS 
FOR    COLOUR    EFFECT 


By     JAMES     HUDSON,    V.M.H. 


VERY  pleasing  effects  may  be  made  with 
annuals  alone,  or  in  conjunction  with 
other  hardy  plants,  from  the  standpoint 
of  colour  simply.  I  have  seen  in  two 
distinctly  different  gardens  very  beautiful 
effects  made  with  varied  shades  of  blue  in  one  case, 
and  that  near  to  the  sea  ;  and  in  another  with 
varied  shades  of  pink  and  mauve,  these  latter 
being  kept  quite  apart,  although  they  might  have 
been  blended  together.  To  enumerate  what  might 
be  done  in  this  way  in  full  would  take  more 
space  than  can  be  afforded  ;  but  the  suggestion 
made  may  be  the  means  of  setting  garden- 
lovers  thinking  of  what  may  suit  their  individual 
tastes,  and  with  a  careful  selection  be  suitable 
to  the  situation  or  locality. 

Blue-flowered  Annuals. — -i  will  enumerate 
a  few  blue-flowering  annuals  that  may  be  so  used. 
\'iscaria  coerulea,  a  rather  uncommon  plant,  pale 
blue  in  colour  and  one  that  lasts  well  ;  Anagallis 
linifolia  coerulea,  a  Gentian  blue,  dwarf  in  growth, 
thriving  better  in  poor  soil ;  Linum  perenne,  a 
lovely  shade  of  blue,  flowering  for  a  long  period, 


an     annual     well 

dese  r  V  i  n  g    of    ex- 

tended       culture ; 

Kemesia   h  y  b  r  i  d  a 

Blue  Gem,    which   I 

have    recently    heard     well     spoken      of ;      and 

Nemophila  insignis,  bright  blue  with  white  eye. 

Pink  Flowers.— In  shades  of  pink  there  is  also 
a  good  choice,  but  probably  not  quite  so  many 
dwarf-growing  plants.  Here  Sweet  Peas  will 
provide  a  wide  range  of  colour.  I  have  seen  these 
used  with  a  lovely  effect  in  conjunction  vith 
Clarkia  elegans,  C.  pulcherrima  and  C.  integri- 
petala.  These,  if  well  cared  for,  will  last  a  long  time 
in  flower.  The  pink  shades  of  the  Candytuft 
will  supply  an  excellent  variation  of  rather  dwarf 
plants,  also  lasting  well  if  not  grown  too  thickly. 
The  pink  forms  of  Aster  sinensis  will  serve  a 
useful  purpose,  especially  late  in  the  season. 
There  are  also  varied  shades  of  pink  to  be  found 
in  the  Godetias,  bordering  somewhat  on  to  rose, 
no  doubt,  but  still  admissible.  Lavatera  splendens 
rosea  is  a  distinctly  useful  annual  of  robust  growth. 


CHINA     ASTERS     UNDER     TREES. 


growing  and  somewhat  prostrate  Zinnia  Haageana, 
in  three  or  more  shades,  are  valuable,  not  only 
from  the  point  of  effect,  but  also  for  their  enduring 
character.  The  dwarf-growing  Marigolds,  also  the 
Tagetes,  are  very  effective  and  last  a  long  time 
in  flower.  In  Dimorphotheca  aurantiaca  we  have 
an  extremely  useful  yellow  annual,  and  one  that 
rather  enjoys  a  dry  situation.  Of  this  annual  and 
D.  pluvialis  we  have  also  a  selection  of  hybrids,  all 
of  which  will,  1  think,  blend  with  the  yellows. 
Any  reliable  catalogue  will  supply  a  further 
choice. 

Crimson-Coloured  Annuals  could  easily  be 
found  in  a  seed  catalogue.  Among  these  the 
Coreopsis  will  be  found  most  enduring,  likewise 
Linum  grandiflorum  coccineum  and  \'iscaria 
cardinalis.  In  using  these,  however,  I  should, 
personally,  be  disposed  to  tone  down  the  colour 
by  using  other  annuals  with  white  flowers.  For 
fences  where  rapid  growth  is  needed,  nothing 
surpasses  the  Tropa-olums,  from  the  yellow  T. 
canariense  to  the  T.  Lobbianum,  in  great  variety. 


ANTIRRHINUMS     IN     A     BORDER     OF     HARDY     FLOWERS. 


wants  support ;  Linaria  maroccana,  in  the  blue 
shades  of  colour  and  varied ;  Asperula  azurea 
setosa,  light  blue  and  fragrant ;  Aster  sinensis,  in 
the  blue  shades  only  ;  Sweet  Peas,  the  pale  blue, 
lavender,  hel.iotrope  and  dark  blue  shades  ;  Brachy- 
come  iberidifolia,  the  blue  shades,  suitable  alike  for 
beds  and  rockwork  ;  Centaurea  Cyanus,  in  the  blue 
■shades  ;  Eutoca  viscida,  a  beautiful  shade  of  blue 
and  of   compact   growth ;    Phacelia   campanularia. 


better  in  a  poor  soil  than  otherwise.  The'shades 
of  pink  in  Phlox  Drummondii  further  enhance 
the  list.  Viscaria  elegans  picta,  as  a  somewhat 
dwarf  plant,  is  useful  and  distinct ;  Silene  com- 
pacta  varieties,  as  prostrate-growing  annuals,  are 
very  effective. 

Yellow  and  Orange  Flowers. — In  varied  shades 
of  yellow  and  orange  there  is  a  wide  choice,  notably 
among  the  Calliopsis  (or  Coreopsis).       The   dwarf 


ANNUALS     AS     BEE 
FLOWERS 

In  making  out  the  seed  list  for  the  coming  season, 
the  bee-keeper  should  always  include  some  annuals 
which  are  sought  after  by  bees,  either  for  the  sake 
of  their  nectar  (remember  no  flower  contains 
honey),  or  for  their  supply  of  pollen  which  is  such 
an  essential  food  for  the  young  larvae. 

The  following  is  a  short  list  of  hardy  annuals 
belo\-ed  of  the  honey  bee.  Any  or  all  are  worthy 
of  a  place  in  the  flower  garden.  Alyssum  niariti- 
mum ;  Centaurea  Cyanus,  common  blue  Corn- 
flower;  ClarUia  pulchella ;  Coreopsis  tinctoria; 
Cynoglossum  Wallichii.  a  little  known  annual, 
about  9  inches  high,  with  deep  blue  flowers  similar 
to  a  Forget-Me-Not.  it  blooms  best  in  a  poor  soil ; 
Eschscholzia  californica  and  its  many  varieties  ; 
Gilia  tricolor ;  Iberis  umbellata,  the  common 
Candytuft  ;  Limnanthes  Douglasii ;  Nemophila 
insignis  and  N.  maculata ;  Nigella  damascena 
Phacelia  campanularia,  P.  tanacetifolia,  P.  viscida 
and  P.  Whitlavia  ;  Reseda  odorata.  the  common 
Mignonette,  thrives  best  if  plenty  of  fine  mortar 
rubble  is  mixed  with  the  soil  before  sowing ; 
Saponaria  calabrica ;  Schizopetalon  Walkeri ; 
Silene  pendula. 

All    the    annual   species   of    Poppies    are    niuoli 
sought  after  by  bees  for  the  sake  of  their  pollen. 

I..    BiGG-WlTIlER. 


32 


THE     GARDEN 


[January  15,  1921. 


ANNUALS     SUITABLE     FOR    POTS 

A    variety  of  Annuals  tnay  be   grown   in  pots   in  a   greenhouse    to   bring 
into  conservatory  or  dwelling-room  for  indoor  decoration  when   in  flower. 


DURING  the  last  few  years  many  stoves 
and  greenhouses  have  lost  much  of 
I  their  former  glory,  plants  having 
'  died  owing  to  the  lack  of  fuel  or  they 
have  been  discarded  in  consequence 
of  the  labour  shortage.  Now  we  are  getting  back 
to  something  like  the  normal,  many  of  these 
houses  will  be  re-stocked  with  flowering  subjects, 
and  during  what  is  known  as  the  transition  stage 
we  cannot  do  better  than  employ  various  annuals 
to  furnish  a  display.  They  are  of 
easy  culture  and  very  little  fire 
heat  will  be  needed. 

Among  the  best  for  this  purpose 
will  be  found  the  Clarkias  of  the 
elegans  class  ;  they  embrace  Scarlet 
Beauty,  a  really  fine  salmon  scarlet 
with  double  flowers ;  Salmon 
Queen  is  fine ;  Firefly  a  vivid 
rose  crimson,  and  several  others 
of  equal  merit.  They  make 
ideal  pot  plants,  excellent  for 
cutting,  and  grow  about  3  feet 
high. 

Antirrhinums  are  always  admired 
and  great  improvements  have  been 
made  during  recent  years,  both  in 
regard  to  colour  and  the  general 
habit  of  the  plants.  Nelrose  should 
be  selected  if  only  one  kind  is 
grown,  but  any  catalogue  will  give 
sufficient  variety  to  satisfy  the  most 
fastidious  taste. 

Sweet  Peas  of  the  winter  flowering 
group  are  also  excellent  subjects, 
and  with  a  little  extra  care  and 
attention  when  admitting  air  and 
giving  water  they  may  be  had  in 
flower  soon  after  Christmas.  They 
are  offered  in  several  colours,  such 
as  pale  mauve,  dark  blue,  crimson, 
white  and  pink,  and  they  are  a 
great  improvement  on  the  Cupid 
type.  Milde%v  is  their  chief  enemy, 
but  I  have  found  an  occasional 
spray  with  a  weak  solution  of 
Cyllin  Soap  a  most  effectual 
remedy.  Sow  several  seeds  in 
small  pots  at  once,  and  when  these 
are  fairly  full  of  roots  transfer  to 
their  flowering  size,  viz.,  pots 
7  inches  to  8  inches  in  diameter. 
Grow  in  a  cold  frame  till  the  begin-  jHE    bea 

ning  of  October,  then  remove  them 
to  the   cool   greenhouse    where    they    will    flower. 

Mignonette  is  usually  a  favourite  on  account 
of  its  delightful  fragrance,  but  only  the  dwarf 
forms  should  be  chosen.  It  is  best  sown  in  5-inch 
or  6-inch  pots  and  then  thinned  out  to  about  three 
plants.     Make  the  soil  rather  firm. 

The  Schizanthus  are  well  known,  being  beautiful 
free-flowering  half-hardy  annuals,  particularly 
the  grandiflora  hybrids  and  some  of  the  dwarfer 
kinds.  For  a  spring  display  seeds  should  be  sown 
from  August  to  October,  and  they  make  fine  plants 
for  dwelling  house  decoration.  The  seeds  may  be 
sown  in  pans,  and  the  seedlings  potted  off  when 
large  enough,  or  several  seeds  can  be  placed  in 
small  pots  and  then  thinned  out,  leaving  three  of 
the  largest  plants. 

Scabious  and  Salpiglossis  are  also  useful  for  pot 
work,  while  many  others  will  occur  to  the  thoughtful 
cultivator. 


Among  the  half-hardy  annuals  Salpiglossis 
smuata  is  one  of  the  very  finest  for  growing  in 
pots.  It  readily  responds  to  good  cultivation, 
when  it  grows  to  a  height  of  4  feet,  and  gives  a 
grand  display  of  its  charming  bloom.  No  doubt 
many  readers  remember  the  wonderful  display  of 
Salpiglossis  shown  by  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons  at 
the  last  Chelsea  Show.  The  flowers  are  trumpet- 
shaped,  and  it  is  one  of  the  annuals  that  it  is 
safe  to  grow  with   the   colours   mixed,  for  though 


Careful  watering  is  also  essential  or  some  will 
damp  off,  especially  among  the  Clarkias.  A  light 
airy  position  such  as  a  shelf  in  the  Peach  house 
is  an  ideal  spot  for  these  plants,  and  during  their 
growing  period  it  is  advisable  to  pinch  out  the 
centre  of  the  strong  growths  to  encourage  side 
shoots.  This  is  done  in  the  early  stages.  Green- 
fly must  be  held  in  check  by  occasiona 
fumigations.  T.  VV.  Briscoe. 


UTirUL     SALPIGLOSSIS     ARE     EASILY     GROWN 

the  colom-s  range  through  many  shades  of  yellow, 
red  and  purple,  they  are  all  of  a  harmonious 
quahty,  and  the  richness  of  the  tinting  is 
increas(  d  by  a  deeper  veining.  Salpiglossis 
should  be  sown  in  heat  at  the  end  of  February. 
The  seed  is  minute,  and  sfiould  only  be  just 
covered. 

As  stated  above,  there  is  nothing  difficult 
regarding  the  successful  cultivation  of  these  plants  ; 
for  general  purposes  seeds  should  be  sown  in 
August  and  each  plant  should  be  given  a  separate 
existence  as  early  as  possible,  excepting  the  Sweet 
Peas  and  Mignonette.  Ordinary  potting  compost, 
such  as  a  mixture  of  loam,  leaf-mould  and  sand, 
ivill  suffice,  with  ample  drainage  material  in  the 
base  of  the  pots.  Most  of  the  plants  will  flower  in 
6-inch  and  7-inch  pots,  but  during  the  winter 
months  all  the  light  possible  is  needed  and  air 
must    be    admitted    on    all   favourable    occasions. 


Annuals  to    Sow  in   Heat 

A  CERTAIN  number  of  annual  plants  whose  native 
place  is  a  much  warmer  climate  than  ours  would 
only  move  very  slowly,  perhaps  not  at  all,  if 
sown  in  the  open.  They  are  those 
that  we  class  as  half  hardy  and 
are  sown  in  pots,  pans  or  boxes  in 
a  frame  or  greenhouse,  to  be 
pricked  off  into  other  boxes  when 
they  are  large  enough  to  handle 
and  are  finally  planted  out  at  the 
end  of  May  or  quite  early  in  June 
for  summer  display.  Some  of 
them  are,  in  fact,  perennials,  but 
have  been  found  to  give  a  good 
show  in  their  first  year  and  are, 
therefore,  suitable  for  our  use  as 
annuals.  Pentstemons  and  Antir- 
rhinums are  examples  of  such 
plants.  The  Snapdragons  will  jbe 
among  the  first  to  be  sown,  in 
February,  so  that  they  may  be 
pushed  on  and  get  to  flowering 
strength  as  early  as  may  be. 
Lobelias  and  Ageratums  will  also 
be  sown  early,  and  some  of  the 
large  things  of  fine  effect  that 
arc  so  often  forgotten,  such  as 
the  large  Solanums  and  Daturas. 
The  latter  are  really  peremiials,  but 
used  as  annuals  with  us — grand 
subtropical  •  plants  of  American 
origin.  Thunbergia  alata,  a  trail- 
ing plant  with  buff  or  orange 
flowers  and  a  black  eye,  is  more 
often  grown  for  the  greenhouse 
than  the  open  garden,  but  will 
do  well  on  a  warm,  sunny  bank. 
Torenia  Fournieri,  another  old 
favourite,  is  also  raised  in  heat 
as  a  greenhouse  pot  plant  it 
should  be  more  generally  grown. 
The  beautiful  Ipomcea  rubro- 
ccerulea  (Heavenly  Blue)  must  also 
be  sown  in  heat  and  pushed  on 
fori  planting  out  in  early  June 
IN    POTS.  with  other  tender  climbing  plants 

such  as  Mina  lobata,  Maurandia 
Barclayana,  Cobasa  scandens  and  the  blue 
Passion  Flower.  Lobelia  and  Ageratum  may 
be  sown  early  to  be  followed  by  Petunia, 
Dimorphotheca,  Phlox  Drummondii,  Dianthus 
Heddewigii  and  Sphenog>aie.  Among  the  latest 
to  be  sown  should  be  Sunflowers  and  the 
French  and  African  Marigolds,  for  they  germinate 
quickly  and  soon  get  drawn.  G.  J. 


Pentstemons. — Where  wintering  these  most 
valuable  plants  in  cold  frames,  they  must  be 
well  aired  upon  all  suitable  occasions  ;  also  such 
subjects  as  Antirrhinums  and  Calceolarias,  always 
remembering  dampness  is  a  greater  enemy  than 
frost  to  many  such  subjects.  The  same  remark 
apphes  also  to  the  Brompton  Stocks,  another 
most  useful  batch  of  plants ;  where  these  are 
growing  in  shallow  beds  in  cold  frames,  a  number 
could  be  potted  up  now,  if  required,  to  augment 
the  supply  for  the  conservatory  later. 


January  15,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


33 


THE    BEST    ANNUALS    FOR    LATE  DISTRICTS 

Varieties    that   will   Succeed   in    any    Cold   Situation. 


THE  time  has  now  arrived  for  the  ordering 
of  the  different  seeds  for  the  garden, 
and  as  many  amateurs,  and  not  a  few 
professional  gardeners,  are  sometimes 
at  a  loss  to  know  just  what  is  likely 
to  succeed  in  their  districts,  a  few  notes  on 
annuals,  hardy  and  half-hardy,  may,  1  hope,  be 
of  service  to  some  of  the  readers  of  this  journal 
who  are  in  any  doubt  on  the  subject.  My  notes 
are  based  on  an  experience  of  seventeen  years  in 
one  locality,  so  the  information  may  be  relied  on. 
Several  of  the  kinds  mentioned  are  really  peren- 
nials, but  invariably  give  the  best  results  when 
treated   as  annual  plants. 

Antirrhinums. — Few  plants  have  come  more 
to  the  front  for  bedding  purposes  during  the  last 
six  or  seven  years  than  the 
homely  Snapdragons.  That 
they  have  been  wonderfully 
improved  goes  without  saying. 
While  all  sections  are  useful 
in  their  way,  I  much  prefer 
the  intermediate,  as  they  flower 
profusely  and  are  less  formal 
than  the  dwarf  kinds,  while 
they  require  no  staking.  Th'.- 
shades  of  colour  are  now  so 
varied  that  all  tastes  may  well 
be  satisfied.  Particularly  good 
are  Barr's  Queen  of  the  North 
(white),  Barr's  Yellow,  Barr's 
Scarlet,  Sutton's  Deep  Crimson, 
Sutton's  Fire  King,  Sutton'^ 
Carmine  Pink  and  Sutton  ^ 
Bright  Crimson.  Sow  the  seeds 
in  heat  about  the  end  of 
February. 

Nemesias.  —  I  have  grown 
these  gorgeous  flowers  for  about 
fifteen  years,  and  consider  them 
the  finest  of  all  dwarf  annuals 
They  succeed  in  all  kinds  of 
seasons,  and  in  this  district,  at 
all  events,  no  other  plant  can 
give  such  a  display  in  beds  or 
borders.  The  large-flowered, 
or  Suttoni  section,  is  the 
more  brilliant,  but  Sutton's 
dwarf  hybrids  are  much  pre- 
ferred for  bedding,  as  the 
plants  are  more  floriferous  and 
branch  out  beautifully.  Many 
fail  with  these  fine  flowers  by 
sowing  too  early  and  in  too 
high  a  temperature.  Give 
only  very  moderate  heat  to  germinate  the  seeds  ; 
never  more  than  60°.  The  seedlings  are  rather 
tender  at  first,  but  as  soon  as  they  are  pricked 
off  they  manage  to  gain  strength, 

Dimorphotheca  aurantiaca.— I  have  grown  this 
for  three  successive  seasons,  and  it  gives  a  very 
fine  display.  Sow  the  seeds  during  the  first  half 
of  March  and  treat  just  like  China  Asters. 

Double-flowered  Pot  Marigold. — This  I  find 
gives  a  great  display  in  large  beds.  Treated  like 
a  half-hardy  annual,  the  blooms  are  much  larger 
and  more  double.  Sutton's  Orange  King  is  very 
fine. 

StOClss. — ^The  East  Lothian  Stocks,  if  sown  in 
heat  not  later  than  the  middle  of  February,  give 
much  more  satisfaction  than  the  Ten-week  kinds. 
Forbes'  or  Methven's  strains  are  probably  the 
best  to  be  had  anywhere. 


Mimulus. — Sutton  s  Giant  Mimulus,  treated  as 
a  half-hardy  annual,  gives  a  wonderful  display 
on  a  damp  north  border.  Sow  in  March  and  treat 
just  like  Asters. 

Nigella.— A  grand  hardy  annual,  the  variety 
Miss  Jekyll  being  the  best,  both  as  regards  size 
and  colour.  1 1  is  best  sown  thinly  during  the  last 
half  of  April  where  it  is  to  bloom. 

Candytuft. — The  large  white  Spiral  Candytuft 
makes  a  very  fine  bed,  and  blooms  for  a  much 
longer  season  than  the  older  varieties. 

Lupines.' — Sutton's  atrococcmeus  is  by  far  the 
best  of  the  annual  Lupines  here.  Sow  where  they 
are  to  flower  towards  the  end  of  AprD.  Thin 
out  well. 


1 1  is  a  mistake  to  sow  hardy  annuals  too  early 
in  late,  cold  gardens,  as  slugs  do  so  much  harm 
when  growth  is  slow.  The  last  half  of  April  and 
the  first  week  in  May  I  have  proved  to  be  best 
suited  for  this  locality.  C.   Blair, 

Preston  House,  Linlithgow. 


Hydrangeas    in    Tubs 

The  value  of  the  large-flowered  Hydrangeas  for 
culture  in  pots  or  tubs  is  now  generally  recognised 
by  all  good  gardeners,  but  it  cannot  be  said  that 
they  are  used  for  this  purpose  so  extensively  as 
they  might  be.  As  will  be  seen  in  the  accom- 
panying illustration,  the  use  of  a  few  well-grown 
specimens  will  often  transform  a  bare  and  com- 
paratively ugly  place  into  a  home  of  beauty.  As 
the  flowers  are  produced  during  several  months 
of  late  summer,  and  the  plants  need  little  attention 
beyond    watering    and    an    occasional   application 


HYDRANGEAS     IN     TUBS     ARE     USEFUL     FOR     HIDING     BARE     PLACES. 


Shirley  Poppy. — A  good  strain — we  grow  Barr's 
— makes  a  very  effective  bed  and  blooms  for  a 
long  season. 

Nemophila.' — -This  homely  little  annual  flower  is 
much  admired  when  sown  in  a  large  mass.  Must 
be  well  thinned  while  still  in  a  small  state. 

Eschscholzia.  —  One  of  the  best  flowers  for 
dinner-table  decoration  in  small  vases  if  picked 
when  only  half  open.  Carter's  Carmine  King  and 
The  Mikado  are  fine,  as  is  Mandarin.  Sow  on 
poor  sou. 

Mignonette.— -Barr's  Covent  Garden  Favourite 
is  a  giant  Mignonette  with  a  delicious  scent.  It 
blooms  for  a  long  period  if  sown  on  good  soil  in 
which  some  Ume  rubbish  has  been  mixed  Thin 
to  9  inches  apart. 

Malope. — This  annual  is  very  effective  in  large 
beds  or  as  clumps, 'and  is  excellent  for  cutting. 


of  a  recognised  fertiliser,  these  Hydrangeas  may 
be  regarded  as  plants  giving  an  abundance  of 
blossom  for  the  minimum  amoimt  of  labour. 
These  may  be  had  with  creamy  white,  pink  and 
blue  flowers.  Although  hardy  in  many  districts 
when  planted  out,  those  in  tubs  should  be  given 
the  protection  of  a  cold  greenhouse  or  outhouse 
for  the  winter  months,  when  they  wi  1  n  turally 
be  in  a  dormant  stble. 


Rock  and  Water  Garden. — Should  alterations 
be  in  hand,  speed  them  up  upon  all  favourable 
o' ^asions  so  as  to  allow  time  for  the  settlement  of 
materials  before  planting  is  done.  In  carrying 
out  entirely  new  work,  endeavour  to  do  so  in 
sympathy  with  the  established  features  of  the- 
garden  or  woodland,  and  avoid,  if  possible,  creating 
artificial  hills  and  other  features  where  hopelessly 
out  of  place. 


34 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  15,  192 1. 


SOWING-TIME 

WHAT      TO      DO      NOW     AND      HOW      TO      DO      IT 


By     the     editor. 


HAVE  you  ordered  your  Sweet  Peas  and 
other  annuals — -your  Peas,  Broad  Beans, 
and  the  general  run  of  kitchen  garden 
crops?  If  not.  let  me  advise  you  to 
delay  no  longer.  It  was  a  pity  to  have 
missed  ,  opportunities  at  sowing-time  last  year. 
Do  not  neglect  to  sow  this  spring. 

Sowing  under  Glass. — With  many  seeds  it  is 
best  to  sow  in  frames,  afterwards  pricking  off 
the  seedlings  and  transplanting  outside.  It 
is  a  great  advantage  to  sow  in  pans  or  boxes. 
A  very  convenient  sized  box  is  14  inches  long. 
9  inches  wide  and  3  inches  deep.  Old  kipper 
boxes  are  very  suitable  for  the  purpose.  If  there 
are  only  a  few  seeds  of  a  particular  plant  to  sow, 
then  the  box  may  be  divided  by  placing  a  stick  or 
sticks  across.  The  box  must  be  well  drained 
-with  crocks  and  rough  leaf  soil.  -A  suitable  com- 
post for  seed  sowing  consists  of  two  parts  of  loamy 
soil  and  one  of  leaf  mould,  with  one  part  of  coarse 
sand.  Pass  this  through  a  quarter-inch  mesh 
sieve,  using  the  rough  stuff  remaining  in  the  sieve 
to  put  in  the  bottom  of  the  box  for  drainage. 
Fill  the  box  lightly  with  the  soil,  then  press  down 
moderately  firm  with  a  flat  board. 

How  to  Sow. — If  there  is  one  thing  more  than 
another  that  the  beginner  needs  to  be  warned 
against,  it  is  thick  sowing.     No  matter  how  often 


should  be  sown  next  month  are  :  Asters,  especially 
those  of  the  beautiful  Comet  section ;  annual 
Larkspurs — among  the  most  popular  of  all  blue 
flowers;  Stocks;  and  Love-In-a-Mist.  Snap- 
dragons, although  not  strictly  annuals,  are  best 
sown  early  in  the  year  in  boxes,  and  hardened 
off  for  planting  out  about  the  second  or  third  week 
in  April-  Quite  a  number  of  beautiful  Snap- 
dragons have  been  introduced  during  recent  years, 
a  few  of  the  best  being :  Sunset,  Crimson  King, 
Moonlight,  Cottage  Maid  and  Nelrose. 

Sowing  Seeds  Outside. — Xo  frame  or  green- 
house is 
necessary  to 
raise  t  h  i- 
W  a  1  Iflower 
from  seed. 
Sow  them 
on  a  spare 
piece  of 
ground  dur- 
ing .April  or 
May.  Per- 
haps the 
best  method 
is  to  sow 
Wallflo  w  e  r 
in      shallow 


There  is  no  excuse  for  sowing  as  thick  as  Mustard 
and  Cress.  It  is  advisable,  however,  to  sow  twice 
as  thick  as  the  plants  are  to  remain — that  is  to  say, 
the  seedlings  should  be  about  i  i  inches  apart,  and 
each  shallow  trench  should  contain  a  double  row 
Protect  the  seedlings  in  their  early  stages  from 
birds  either  by  pea  guards  or  by  placing  strands  of 
black  thread  criss-cross  over  the  rows.  This  should 
be  done  immediately  after  sowing.  For  an  early 
gathering  on  a  sunny  border.  Pilot  is  one  of  the 
very  best.  For  succession,  Duke  of  .Albany,  Quite 
Content,  Gradus  and  Discovery  are  reliable,  while 
Rearguard,  Gladstone  and  .\utocrat  are  hard  to 
beat  as  late  varieties. 


Annuals    for    Poor    Soils 

Nasturtiums    if    grown    on    rich    soil    become 
masses  of  foliage  with  but  few  flowers,  or  if  flowers 


PRICKING     OFF     THE     SEEDLINGS     WHE.N     JUST     BIG 
ENOUGH     TO     H.\XDLE. 


SPRINKLING     SEEDS     ON     FINELY    SIFTED     SOIL     IN     A     SEED     BO.K. 


ft  his  warning  is  given  it  is  seldom  fully  accepted, 
and  thousands  of  seedlings  are  wasted  every 
spring  because  they  are  too  thickly  sown.  Large 
seeds  like  those  of  Peas  and  Beans  can  be  placed 
separately  an  inch  or  so  apart.  For  smaller  seeds 
the  following  method,  which  has  been  adopted 
t)y  a  reader  of  The  Garden,  may  be  followed; 
"  Take  an  ordinary  flour  dredger  made  of  tin  and 
sow  your  seeds  from  it,  or,  if  very  fine  seed,  a 
common  pepper  pot  is  best.  And  the  seeds  should 
'  t)e  mixed  with  fine  sand  or  soil." 

Some  Annual  Flowers  for  Spring  Sowing.— 
It  should  be  observed  that  annuals  do  not  need 
the  same  amount  of  stimulating  food  as  perennials. 
Indeed,  to  get  the  best  results  from  most  annuals  a 
soil  that  errs  on  the  poor  side  is  essential  (an 
exception  to  this  is  the  Sweet  Pea,  but  even  with 
this  charming  flower,  when  needed  only  for  decora- 
tive purposes,  many  growers  attach  too  much 
importance  to  manure).     .Among  the  annuals  that 


drills,  as 
shown  by 
the  illus- 
tration on 
the  oppo- 
site page. 
The  drUls 
should  be 
I  foot 
apart  The 
surface  of 
the  soil  is 
raked  to  a 
fine  tilth, 
and  the 
seeds  are  covered  to  a  depth  of  i  inch  to  :j 
inches.  .A  sprinkling  of  lime  or  soot  over  the 
ground  will  assist  in  keeping  away  slugs  and 
snails  from  the  tiny  seedlings. 

The  following  annuals  may  be  sown  in  .April 
where  they  are  to  flower :  Poppy,  Mignonette, 
Miss  Jekyll  s  Love-In-a-Mist  and  Larkspur.  The 
sowing  may  be  broadcast,  i.e.,  thinly  all  over  the 
surface,  or  they  may  be  sown  in  shallow  drills  as 
recommended  for  the  Wallflowers 

Sowing  Peas. — Before  sowing  it  is  essential  that 
the  ground  should  be  trenched  and  enriched  with 
well  rotted  manure  Let  the  manure  be  thoroughly 
incorporated  with  the  soil  as  the  ground  is  turned 
over.  Sow  this  month  in  shallow  trenches,  as 
these  offer  protection  for  the  seedlings.  It  is  just 
as  well  to  take  the  precaution  of  coating  the 
seeds  with  red  lead  before  sowing,  and,  where 
mice  abound,  traps  should  be  set.  The  seedlings 
should  be  thirmed  out   to   about   3   inches   apart 


are  produced  they  are  hidden  by  the  taller-growing 
foliage.  The  soil  should  be  deeply  dug  early  in 
the  year,  leaving  the  surface  in  a  rough  condition 
until  the  time  for  sowing  the  seed.  .Aeration  of 
the  soil  is  most  important. 

Alyssum  minimum  makes  an  effective  edging, 
growing  close  to  the  ground  with  small  white 
flowers  which  are  most  freely  produced  until 
late  in  the  autumn. 

Cornflowers. — One  of  the  hardiest  of  annuals, 
in  many  shades.  The  pink  is  a  charming  colour, 
and  all  are  most  useful  for  cutting. 

Coreopsis. — Often  seen  growing  in  town  gardens 
under  conditions  far  from  suitable  for  the  culti- 
vation of  many  plants 

Eschscholzia.— Many  new  varieties  have  been 
introduced  during  recent  years.  One  of  the 
most  notable  is  the  Geisha,  the  outer  side  of  the 
flower  being  orange  crimson  and  the  inside  golden 
yellow. 

Eutoca  viscida. — Profuse  blooming,  with  bright 
blue  flowers  suitable  for  bees. 

Linum  grandiflorum  rubrum  is  an  elegant 
free-flowering  hardy  annual  with  brilliant  scarlet 
flowers. 

Linaria. — Annual  Linarias  are  very  hardy ; 
they  produce  varied  coloured  flowers  resembling 
miniature  .Antirrhinums  and  are  very  suitable 
for  the  supply  of  cut  flowers. 

lUatthiola  bicornis  (Night-scented  stock). — 
Should  be  grown  in  every  garden  for  the  exquisite 
perfume  which  it  so  freely  exhales  during  the 
evening. 

Nemophila. — Well  known  and  largely  grown, 
there  are  white  and  spotted  varieties,  in  addition 


January  15,  1921.1 


THE     GARDEN. 


35 


to  the  better  known  blue,  which  are  very  attractive. 

Phacelia  campanularia. — A  very  early-flower- 
ing annual  with  bright  bell-shaped  blue  flowers 
which  last  a  long  time. 

Annual  Poppies.— Many  of  these  will  grow 
well  on  a  poor  soil.  Although  the  flowers 
could  not  be  compared  in  size  with  those 
recently     described     in    The     Garde.v,      Shirlev 


Poppies  have  been  grown  on  a  poor  gravel 
soil.  The  Peacock  Poppy  (Papaver  pavoniumi 
and  the  Tulip  Poppy  (P  glaucum)  are  also  good 
varieties  for  this  purpose. 

Salvia  Blue  Beard.— Self-sown  plants  of  this 
annual  have  often  appeared  on  a  brick-paved 
path,  the  rooting  medium  being  pure  red  sand 
in  which  the  bricks  were  set.  Colin   Ruse. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR    SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Bedding  Plants. — Where  there  15  a  great  demand 
for  such  plants  as  Geraniums.  Iresiue,  Coleus. 
Salvias  and  Heliotropes,  propagation  will  now 
call  for  serious  effort.  By  introducing  the  old 
plants  which  were  potted  up  in  autumn  intj  a 
warm,  moist  atmosphere  an  abundance  of  suitable 
cuttings  win  soon  be  available. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Onions. — -Where  large  bulbs  are  appreciated. 
•or  required  for  exhibition,  seed  may  now  be  sown 
in  boxes  or  pans  of  light  rich  soil  and  placed  in 
a  Vinery  or  Peach-house  with  a  night  temperature 
of  about  50°  Fahr.  Plants  thus  raised  are  practi- 
cally immune  from  the  Onion  maggot,  a  Vu.luable 
point  where  this  pest  is  frequently  troublesome. 

Broad  Beans. — -As  soon  as  weather  permits 
and  soil  is  in  suitable  condition,  another  sowing 
may  be  made  to  follow  those  sown  in  autumn. 
Should  frames  be  available,  or  sufficient  space 
for  growing  in  pots  or  boxes  for  early  work,  the 
outdoor  sowing  may  be  postponed  for  a  whUe. 
It  is  a  good  plan  to  sow  in  boxes  and  transplant. 

Peas. — It  is  almost  impossible  to  get  this  much 
appreciated  vegetable  too  early  and.  if  possible 
some  frame  room  or  portion  of  a  cold  house  should 
be  devoted  to  them.  Sow  also  in  boxes  for 
transplanting  on  warm  outside  borders  as  soon 
as  conditions  permit. 

Carrots. — If  not  already  done,  a  sowing  of  a 
quick  maturing  variety  on  a  gentle  hotbed  will 
be  found  most  useful.  Radishes  may  also  be 
sown,  and  a  sowing  of  an  early  Cabbage  Lettuce 
will  soon  come  along,  if  encouraged,  and  ^vlll  be 
much  more  appreciated  than  the  autumn-sown 
batch. 

Potatoes.— These  may  be  grown  in  pots,  boxes 
or  narrow  borders  in  cool  houses  to  furnish  the 
first  supply.  If  grown  with  other  subjects  see 
that  plenty  of  light  and  air  reach  the  plants. 
Probably  the  best  results  are  obtained  when 
they  are  grown  in  frames  on  a  gentle  hotbed, 
taking  care  to  weU  cover  the  frames  on  cold  nights 
as  soon  as  growth  is  through  the  soil.  If  the 
frames  are  heated  less  importance  is  attached  to 
this  operation. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Black  Currants.— Where  big  bud  is  very  bad 
the  trees  should  be  grubbed  up  and  burnt,  but 
in  some  cases  hand  picking  of  the  offending  buds 
may  be  sufficient.  The  method  of  culture  adopted 
by  some  market  growers  of  this  fruit  appears  to 
me  an  excellent  plan  for  combating  this  pest 
When  making  a  new  plantation,  so  plant  that 
every  other  bush  may  be  cut  down  to  the  ground 
each  season.  There  is  thus  always  a  young  and 
^■igorous  plantation  to  rely  upon. 

Loganberries. — This  is  one  of  the  best  fruits 
for  bottling,  and  where  the  demand  is  keen  for 
fruit  so  preserved  it  can  be  thoroughlv  recom- 
mended. It  is  also  a  commendable  jeUy  fruit. 
The  culture  is  of  the  simplest,  merely  removing 
old  canes  and  weakly  or  superfluous  voung  ones 
during  winter  months  and  regulating  those 
retained.  It  is'  not  a  bit  fastidious  as  to  soil, 
and  I  have  seen  good  fruit  gathered  from  plants 
grown  in  almost  any  aspect. 

Outdoor  Vines.— Pruning  may  now  be  carried 
out.  cutting  back  to  one  or  two  good  eyes,  unless 
required  for  extension,  when  the  deciding  factor 
must  be  the  ripeness  of  the  voung  canes.  If  this 
is  satisfactory  3  feet  to  5  feet  is  not  too  much  to 
leave. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 
Herbaceous   Calceolarias.— A   batch  of  these 

certainly  make  a  gay  display  when  in  flower, 
but  whether  of  much  decorative  beautv  is  open 
to  question.      .\void  a  dry  or   high    temperature, 


and  watering  must  always  be  carefully  attended 
to  An  occasional  fumigating  should  be  given  to 
help  keep  them  clean. 

H.  Turner. 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland.) 
Albtiry  Park,  Guildford,  Surrey. 


FOR    NORTHERN     G.\RDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Cauliflowers  in  Frames. — Where  these  are 
wintered  in  frames  for  planting  out  early,  care 
should  be  taken  that  they  are  grown  as  sturdilv 
as  possible ;  giving  an  open  exposure  on  all  good 


Forcing  Shrubs  and  Bulbs.— Azaleas  Rhodo- 
dendrons and  a  few  plants  of  Staph ylea  colchica 
should  now  be  put  into  heat  to  keep  up  the  display 
later ;  both  Spira;a  oonfusa  and  Spiriea  arguta 
multiflora  are  also  excellent  for  forcing.  Hyacinths 
and  Tulips  promise  well  and  a  nurnber  of  these 
should  be  lifted  from  the  forcing  boxes  before 
flowering  fully  and  placed  in  bowls,  with  the 
addition  of  a  few  Ferns  for  drawing-room 
decoration. 

Cold  Frames.— Cuttings  of  Violas,  Pentstemons 
and  other  subjects  should  be  looked  over  occasion- 
ally and  the  frames  always  kept  well  aired  during 
open  weather.  Pick  out  all  decayed  leaves  and 
encourage  hardy  growth. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Vines. — Where  there  may  only  be  two  Vineries 
in  the  establishment  a  very  suitable  time  to  close 
down  the  early  house  is  about  the  middle  of  this 
month  ;  keep  a  nice  regular  temperature,  graduallv 
increasing  it  as  the  buds  break.  Differences  of 
opinion  arise  as  to  the  temperature  of  early 
Vineries,  but  rather  err  on  the  cool  side  than 
have  it  too  hot.  In  excessive  heat  the  conse- 
quences generally  are  weak  wood  and  foliage 
that  can  ill  resist  the  attacks  of  insect  pests,  with 
which  we  are  all  more  or  less  familiar. 

Peaches. — The  second  Peach-house  may  now 
be  closed,  but  it  is  not  advisable  to  have  much 
fire-heat  for  the  first  week  or  so.  When  a  little 
artificial  heat  is  admitted,  syringing  may  be 
commenced ;     but   discretion   must   be   used,    and 


DRILLS     MADE     READY     FpR     SOWING    WALLFLOWER     SEED. 
They  sliutihi  be   1  foot  apart,  and,  after  solving,  the  ground  should  be  sprinkled  ziith  soot  to  keep 

slugs  and  snails  azaay. 


days,  and  eaving  a  chink  of  air  on  the  frames 
at  night  unless  the  weather  is  very  severe. 

Tomatoes. — A  sowing  should  now  be  made 
so  that  an  early  crop  may  be  obtained  ;  a  nice 
warm  pit  is  necessary  for  this  sowing,  otherwise 
there  is  much  trouble  through  damping  during 
dull  weather.  Carter's  Sunrise  and  Ailsa  Craig 
are  two  fine  varieties  for  early  work,  being  free 
setting,  of  good  flavour    and  niedium  size. 

Cucumbers. — .A  first  sowing  should  now  be 
made,  a  good  plan  being  to  sow  singly  in  3-inch 
pots  and  grow  on  in  the  stove  :  they  can  after- 
wards be  transferred  to  a  suitable  '  forcing  pit 
or  a  good  hotbed.  Sutton's  Improved  Telegraph 
is  an  excellent  sort  for  early  cropping. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Carnations. — The  second  lot  of  newl  -struck 
cuttings  of  Tree  Carnations  should  now  be  potted 
up.  using  3- inch  pots  for  this  purpose;  a  fine 
compost  should  be  given  the  plants  to  work  in. 
If  in  a  fairly  warm  temperature  spray  occasionallv 
until  rcxit  action  begins,  then  place  on  a  shelf 
as  near  the  glass  as  possible. 

CalceDlaria  Clitrani.— This  elegant  and  useful 
subject  is  now  throwing  out  strong  shoots,  so 
should  be  staked  with  .(-feet  tapering  canes ; 
care  must  be  taken,  as  the  growths  at  first  are 
most  brittle  and  easily  broken.  Where  two  year 
old  plants  are  grown,  it  is  not  unusual  to  see 
specimens  ,s  feet  in  height.  For  conservatorv 
decoration  during  April  it  is  unsurpassed. 


during  dull  weather  the  damping  of  the  paths 
will  suffice.  When  the  sun-heat  causes  the 
temperature  to  rise  to  about  65°  air  should  be 
admitted,  but  care  must  be  taken  to  close  down 
the  house  as  soon  as  any  falling  of  the  mercurv 
takes  place. 

The  Pleasure  Grounds. 

General  Work. — Many  shrubs  transplant  well 
at  this  time,  and  if  any  ha\'e  outgrown  their 
bounds  and  are  still  suitable  for  transplanting 
they  may  be  used  with  advantage  for  filling  any 
vacant  spots,  while  many  an  unsightly  part  may 
be  made  beautiful  by  the  judicious  arrangment 
of  a  few  of  these  large  shrubs.  Pruning  may  also 
be  done  ;  strong  growing  subjects,  like  Laurels 
and  Rhododendrons,  may  be  cut  hard  back  if 
necessary,  but  many  of  the  rarer  or  weaker  growing 
sorts  should  just  be  lightly  trimmed  into  shape 
and  any  dead  wood  cut  out.  Plants  suitable  for 
autumn  colouring  should  not  be  missed  out  when 
planting  takes  place.  Pyrus  ?rbutifolia  is  not 
often  used,  but  is  beautiful,  as  are  also  Rhus 
cotinoides  (Chittam  Wood)  and  Euonymus  atro- 
purpureus.  Coloured  bark  should  also  be  thought 
of  when  planting,  few  things  being  more  attractive 
than  Dogwood  and  coloured  WUlows,  especially 
against  a  snowy  landscape  :  while  as  a  tree  the 
Silver  Birch  is  always  a  distinct  feature  in  the 
pleasure  grounds.  James  McGran. 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.) 
Coodham.  Kilmarnock.  A.ii. 


36 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  15,  1921. 


CHINA  ASTER5  and  HOW  to  GROW  THEM 

No    Garden    is    Complete    Without    these    Old-world    Flowers 


THE  China  Aster  is  at  liome  in  every 
English  garden,  from  the  largest  to  the 
small  cottage  garden.  They  are  old- 
fasliioned  flowers  of  happy  associations, 
and  no  garden  is  complete  without  them. 
Their  cultivation  is  quite  simple.  A  child  may  grow 
them.  The  earliest  plants  are  raised  under  glass, 
either  in  a  warm  frame  or  greenhouse,  and  the 
present  is  quite  early  enough  for  the  first  sowing. 
Another  batch  should  be  sown  towards  the  end  of 
March,  and  for  this  a  cold  frame  answers  well.  Out- 
door sowings  may  be  made,  where  the  plants  are  to 
flower,  from  the  middle  of  April  until  the  second 
week  in  May.  Sown  at  different  times  as  suggested, 
Asters  may  be  had  in  flower  over  a  considerable 
period.  For  sowing  under  glass,  use  boxes  or 
pans  about  3  inches  deep,  and  see  to  it  that  they 
are  well  drained.  Good  loam  two  parts,  decayed 
manure  or  leaf-soil  one  part,  and  sharp  sand 
one  part,  the  whole  passed  through  a  half-inch- 
meshed  seive  and  thoroughly  mixed,  makes  a 
good  soil  for  seed-sowing.  After  the  boxes  or 
pans  have  been  well  drained  and  some  rough 
soil  placed  over  the  drainage,  fill  the  receptacles 
with  the  sifted  soil,  so  that  when  it  is  pressed 
moderately   firm  it   is  rather  more   than   half   an 


inch  from  the  top.  Scatter  the  seeds  thinly  and 
cover  with  sharp,  clean  sand.  This  is  better  than 
soil,  as  it  keeps  the  collars  of  the  seedlings  com- 
paratively dry,  and  so  prevents  decay,  usually 
known   as  damping   off. 

Seedling  Asters  should  always  be  grown  as 
sturdily  as  possible,  and  with  that  object  in  view 
afford  them  all  the  ventilation  that  is  reasonably 
possible  from  the  outset.  It  is  safe  to  assert  that 
many  tliousands  of  plants  are  annually  ruined 
through  being  subjected  to  too  much  artificial 
heat  ;  those  sown  at  tlie  end  of  March  and  grown 
on  in  an  entirely  cold  frame  are  usually  the 
best. 

When  the  seedlings  are  about  iJ  inches  high, 
they  must  be  pricked  off  3  inches  apart  into  other 
boxes  or  pans  filled  with  soil  similar  to  that 
advised  for  seed-sowing,  except  that  it  need  not 
be  so  fijely  sifted.  Shade  from  sunshine  for  a 
day  or  two  after  pricking  off,  and  then  grow  on 
as  near  the  glass  as  possible  so  as  to  keep  the 
plants  sturdy.  Towards  the  end  of  April  and 
during  the  first  week  of  May  remove  the  frame- 
light  altogether  during  the  daytime,  and  about 
the  third  week  in  May  the  plants  may  be  safely 
planted  out  in  the  open. 


Chinese  Asters  appreciate  a  rich  and  rather  cool 
soil,  hence  where  they  are  to  be  grown  should  be 
deeply  dug  and  rather  heavily  manured,  using 
manure  that  is  fairly  short  and  well  decayed,  and 
see  that  it  is  thoroughly  mixed  with  the  soil. 
About  a  foot  apart  each  way  is  a  good  distance  to 
plant  .\sters.  The  accompanying  illustration,  which 
aptly  portrays  the  flowering  capabilities  of  Asters 
when  well  grown,  is  from  a  photograph  taken  in 
the  gardens  at  The  Old  Hall,  Fritton,  near  Great 
Yarmouth.  Norfolk. 


Orchard  House. — ^The  thorough  cleaning  of 
the  trees  and  structure  being  completed,  the 
house  may  be  closed.  Artificial  heat  must  at 
all  times  be  sparingly  used.  Air  freely  when 
outside  conditions  are  favourable,  and  always 
aim  at  creating  cool  and  natural  conditions,  as 
undue  hastening  of  the  flowering  period  will 
almost  inevitably  spell  disaster,  or  at  any  rate 
unsatisfactory  returns.  Where  the  trees  are 
growing  in  the  borders,  it  may  be  necessary  to 
apply  a  top-dressing,  the  chief  portion  of  which 
should  be  good  fibrous  loam  made  thoroughly 
firm,  .\void  all  mulching  until  the  sun  has  warmed 
the  soil. 


CHINA     ASTERS     IN     A     NORFOLK     GARDEN. 


January  15,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


37 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.  —  The  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Garden  helpful  to  all  remlers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  inatter  what  the  branch  uf  gardening  may  be 
and  ivith  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  AH  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  written  on  one  side  of  *he  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  2'amstock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  he  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  sliould  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  floiveritig 
shoots,  u-here  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


TREES     AND     SHRUBS. 

PRUNING  THUYAS  (Joe  B.,  Sussex).— U  the  Thuyas 
planted  as  a  hedge  appear  to  be  sufferiug  from  the  trans- 
planting, it  would  be  wise  to  prune  them  a  little  at  once 
If,  however,  they  appear  to  be  all  right,  leave  them  alone 
until  spring.  One  must  be  guided  by  the  condition  of  the 
plants  as  to  the  amount  of  pruning  necessary. 

PROPAGATION  OF  ILEX  AQUIFOLIUM  FRUCTO- 
LUTEO  {Essex). — Ilex  Aquifolium  var.  fructo-luteo  or 
fructo-auraatiaca  can  be  increased  by  inserting  cuttings 
of  young  shoots,  about  i  inches  long,  in  sandy  soil  in  a 
cold  frame  or  under  a  hand-light  in  July.  Seeds  can  be 
sown,  but  the  seedlings  will  vary  a  good  deal  in  the  colour 
of  the  berries,  a  large  percentage  of  them  probably  being 
red.  It  is  therefore  necessary  to  fruit  the  plants  before 
placing  them  in  permanent  positions.  Another  method 
of  propagation  is  to  bud  or  graft  the  variety  upon  stocks 
of  the  common  Holly.  This,  however,  is  an  objectionable 
practice,  for  there  is  a  distinct  tendency  for  suckers  to 
appear  from  the  stock  and  interfere  with  the  development 
of  the  «cion. 


THE     GREENHOUSE. 

BEGONIA  GLOIRE  DE  LORRAINE  FAILING  (./.  S.  C, 

Ayr). — Something  has  been  amiss  with  the  watering  or 
the  ventilation  of  the  house  in  which  the  Begonia  is 
growing.  So  long  as  the  affected  parts  of  the  plant  are 
not  used  for  purposes  of  propagation,  cuttings  may  be 
taken  without  fear. 

HOW  TO  COMBAT  THE  CHRYSANTHEMUM  MAGGOT 
(Y or kshi reman,  Doncaster). — The  pupa  of  the  Chrysanthe- 
mum maggot  is  often  in  the  soil  and  the  fly  is  therefore 
able  to  attack  plants  in  spite  of  the  old  plants  being 
burned.  There  are  two  ways  of  combating  it.  The  plants 
may  be  sprayed  with  paraffin  emulsion.  The  smell  of  the 
paraffin  is  obnoxious  to  thefly,  wliich  is  thus  deterred  from 
laying  its  eggs.  After  the  maggots  hatch  out  and  begin 
to  burrow,  spraying  with  a  nicotine  wash  will  do  much 
to  lessen  their  number.  The  wash  may  be  made  by 
dissolving  a  quarter  of  an  ounce  of  nicotine  and  5  oz. 
soft  soap  in  tliree  and  a  half  gallons  of  water.  If  only 
a  few  plants  are  involved  the  maggots  contained  in  the 
burrows  may  be  killed  by  pinching  the  leaves  between 
finger  and  tliumb. 


FRUIT     GARDEN. 

DAMAGE    TO    MAIN    STEM    OF    AN    APPLE    TREE 

<G.  H.,  Sheffield). — Our  correspondent  does  not  say  whetlier 
the  bark  has  been  cut  through  all  round  the  stem  or  not. 
If  it  has,  the  probability  is  that  the  tree  will  die.  If 
only  part  of  the  bark  is  broken,  the  tree  will  hve,  and  the 
bark  grow  over  the  wound  in  time.  If  the  bark  is  not 
broken,  but  simply  pressed  down,  nothing  can  be  done 
mechanically  to  raise  the  bark.  The  action  of  growth 
may  serve  to  raise  it  slightly  as  time  goes  on,  but  the 
indentation,  more  or  less,  will  remain.  If  the  indentation 
is  not  too  deep,  we  do  not  think  the  damage  need  cause 
much  permanent  injury  to  the  tree, 

SCALE  ON  APPLE  TREES  (B  L ,  Epsom).— it  will  be 
safe  to  spray»the  tries  with  caustic  wash  at  the  rate  of 
21b.  of  caustic  soda  to  ten  gallons  of  water.  Harm  is  not 
likely  to  result  if  this  is  done  by  the  middle  of  February 
and  is  not  repeated  every  year  at  that  strength.  In 
summer  spray  about  the  second  week  in  June  with  a 
nicotine  wash  (see  reply  to  "  Yorkshireman.  Doncaster  ") 
to  kill  the  young  scah-s  which  will  then  be  feeding  on  the 
branches. 


KITCHEN     GARDEN. 

SEED  GROWING  (R.  A.,  Australial—CsiiTois  are  very 
liable  to  cross-fertilise.  The  distance  apart  which  would 
be  safe  would  depend  upon  the  kind  of  insect  which  is 
prevalent.  They  should  be  grown  as  far  apart  as  possible 
and  if  within  a  mile  some  attractive  plant  like  Parsnip 
might  be  planted  half  way.  Peas  are  practically  always 
self-fertilised  and  may  therefore  be  planted  in  proximity 
to  one  another. 

STRAWBERRIES  ATTACKED  ("  Strawb,"  Cheshire). 
— The  insect  which  is  attackm.,  the  roots  of  the  Straw- 
berries is  the  cockeliafer  larva.  It  is  difficult  to  deal 
with  in  the  soil,  but  it  would  be  well  to  dig  up  the  plants 
and  examine  them,  and  to  destroy  any  of  the  pests. 
If  the  plants  are  replaecil  immediatrly  this  may  be  done 
without  much  fear  of  injury. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

PLANT  BREEDING  (R .  A.,  Australia).— Out  corre- 
.^puiid"  ul  will  And  a  great  deal  of  information  on  this 
subjict  in  ■*  Principles  of  Mendelism,"  by  Professor  W. 
liute.son.  and  in  "  Variation  and  Heredity,"  by  W.  H. 
Lock.  The  methods  of  crossing  depend  so  much  upon 
the  structure  of  different  plants  that  we  cannot  in  a 
short  reply  such  as  is  possible  in  these  columns  give 
anything  like  a  comprehensive  account.  In  brief,  it 
consists  in  the  transference  of  pollen  from  one  flower 
to  the  stigma  of  another,  guarding  against  the  inter- 
vention of  undesired  pollen  at  every  stage.  The  chief 
dominant  characters  in  Peas  are  tall  or  dwarf,  round  over 
wrinkled,  seed  coloured  over  white  flowers,  yellow  over 
green  seeds.  Very  few  characters  have  been  thoroughly 
worked  out  for  Tomatoes,  but  coloiu-ed  fruit  is  dominant 
over  albino. 


BOX    EDGING,    FOR 
AND    AGAINST 

A    GARDENER   is   generally   considered  an   egoist ; 
although  as  a  general  rule  I  plead  "  not  guilty,"  the 
capital  "1"  rose  to  the  surface  when  reading  a  recent 
paragraph  by  "  A.  T.  J."  against  the  use  of  Box 
edging.     I     felt    that    from    personal    experience 
I    must   defend   it.     In   any   case,    it   was   hardly 
kind  on  his  part   to  pour  forth  abuse  and  retire 
from  the  field  without  even  mentioning  a  worthy 
substitute.     May   I    state    that   five   years   ago   I 
planted  Box  as  an  edging  to  three-quarters  of  my 
garden  paths.     It  is  only  necessary  to  clip  it  once 
a  year,  and  after  five  years  it  is  barely  6  inches 
high.     It   can   be   taken  with   ease   round   curves 
or   planted   in   straight   lines   as   required   and   is 
always    green    and    fresh-looking.     1 1  •  is    not    my 
experience  that  plants  in  the  herbaceous  borders 
are  either  starved  or  eaten  to  death  by  slugs  in 
consequence  of  its   use.     I    have   tried   a   variety 
of  edgings  and  am  convinced  that  Box  is  the  best 
for    all-round    use.     Saxifrage    and    Aubretia    are 
evergreen,  but  get  very  ragged  and  provide  a  cosy 
shelter  for  nice  fat  snails  and  slugs  ;     Thrift  like- 
wise.    Of  course,  one  can  always  fall  back  on  tiles 
or  bricks   or  cement,   but   the   ordinary   amateur 
is  not  a  man  of  unlimited  means.     My  Rose  plot 
is  36  feet  by  26  feet,  and  round  that  I  allow  the 
Box  to  grow  I  i  feet  high.     I  may  be  wrong,  but 
to  me  it  seems  to  afford  some  shelter  from  cold 
ground  winds  to  the  base  of  the  Roses  ;     perhaps 
the  trees  on  the  outside  do  not  make  such  strong 
growth   as   the  favoured  ones  in  the  centre,   but 
J.   B.  Clark  provides  me  every  year   with    shoots 
8  feet  to  10  feet  long  for  pegging  down,  while  two 
old  favourites,   Mme.   C  harles   and  Anna   Olivier, 
and  its  modern  daughter,  Ophelia,  grow  and  flourish 
as  if  the  Box  edging  were  a  mile,  instead   of   only 
I   foot,   away.     Nor  can  I   say  that   the  perfume 
of  the  Roses  has  ever  been  masked  by  the  smell 
of   the   Box,   possibly  because   this   never  flowers 
with  me  when  used  as  an  edging.     I  confess  I  am 
old-fashioned  enough   to  choose  a  Rose  as  much 
for  its  scent  as  for  its  beauty  of  form  and  colouring. 
Of  course,   Frau   Karl   Druschki  is  scentless,   but 
Gruss  an  Teplitz  pro\ides  sufficient  perfvune  for 
both.     To  me   the   ideal  edging   is   a  grass  band 
about  9  inches  wide — but  that  involves  constant 
labour  and  attention.     Why  a  Box  edging  should 
be  deemed  formal  I  know  not ;    an  edging  of  some 
kind  is  essential  in  most  positions,   and  surely  a 
perennial  border  behind  it  counteracts  all  stiffness. 
To  an   amateur  of  limited   means   who  prefers  a 
living  edging  I    would    recommend    Box ;      it    is 
comparatively    inexpensive    as    it    only    requires 
trimming  once  a  year,  replanting  after  many  years, 
and,  in  my  experience,  harbours  less  vermin  than 
any  other.  Sybil. 


share  his  aversion  to  Box.  not  only  because  of  the 
amount  of  labour  involved  in  clipping  to  keep  it 
within  bounds,  but  for — shall  I  say  ? — its  evil 
influence.  In  my  judgment  its  presence  in  a 
garden  at  all  is  a  mistake,  as  sooner  or  later,  like 
"  the  noisome  weed,"  it  "  doth  suck  the  soil's 
fertility."  Why  anyone  loving  Roses  should 
subject  them  to  this  robber  of  nutriments  passes 
my  comprehension.  It  is  singular  that  last  summer 
I  should  have  visited  a  garden  in  North  Wales 
where  Rose  trees  presented  a  most  woeful  appear- 
ance and  were  causing  much  uneasiness  to  the 
owner.  The  Rose  garden,  which  had  been  laid 
out  many  years  in  beds  all  surrounded  with  this 
"  old  world  edging,"  occupying  fully  9  inches  of 
the  space,  indicated  very  plainly  that  the  roots 
of  the  Box  had  practically  taken  possession  of 
the  soil,  rendering  it  poverty  stricken;  and  though 
most  of  the  Roses,  purchased  from  a  firm  beyond 
reproach,  had  only  been  planted  three  seasons, 
they  had  never  been  able  to  thrive,  and  never 
would.  I  came  away  with  my  mind  fully  made 
up  that  u.ider  no  circumstances  would  Box  be 
allowed  any  space  near  my  Roses.  The  garden 
referred  to  is  old,  and  it  appeared  to  me  that, 
like  an  old  retainer,  the  owner  could  not  bear  the 
idea  of  uprooting  the  very  thing  which  was  sapping 
the  life  of  the  Roses,  which  must  have  been  planted 
at  not  a  little  expense,  as  some  of  them  were  of 
comparatively  recent  introduction.  It  was  simply 
a  case  as  to  which  would  win  in  the  long  run  in 
the  race  for  supremacy,  and  considering  that  it 
was  not  possible  to  put  a  fork  in  any  part  of  the 
beds  without  becoming  entangled  with  Box  roots, 
all  doubts  were  dispelled.  Mr.  Johnson  is  right, 
the  smell  of  Box  does  obliterate  the  fragrance 
of  the  Roses ;  but  it  does  more  than  this,  it 
obliterates  the  source  of  the  delightful  perfume — 
the  Roses.- — W.  Linders  Lea. 


I  WONDER  if  Mr.  A.  T.  Johnson  had  in  mind 
any  particular  garden  when  he  asked  the 
question  in  The  Garden  of  January  i,  "  Why 
is  it  that  so  many  people  when  laying  out  Rose 
gardens     .     .  edge     them     witli      Box  ?  "     I 


Cllanthus  Flowering   in    Winter 

Your  correspondent  from  Llandaft  may  be 
interested  to  hear  that  I  picked  flowers  of 
CUanthus  puniceus  albus  growing  on  a  south 
wall  (unprotected)  here  on  Christmas  Day.  It  is 
covered  with  buds  which  will  not  open  till  the 
spring,  but  I  think  it  frequently  produces  a  few 
flowers  during  the  winter  months. — N.  G.  H. 
West  Somerset. 

I  ENCLOSE  an  extract  for  the  edification  of  Mr. 
J.  E.  Williams,  who  writes  in  the  January  i  number, 
page  2,  on  the  flowering  of  Clianthus  puniceus. 
Apparently  his  neighbour,  who  was  then  residing 
at  Mathern  Palace,  Chepstow,  did  the  same  on 
January  4,  1908.  How  much  historv  repeats 
itself  ! 

"Shrubs  Flowering  in  Winter.— Mr  H.  a. 
Tipping  sends  an  interesting  collection  of  flowering 
shrubs,  which  he  describes  below ;  the  Winter 
Sweet  was  particularly  good.  '  This  season's 
somewhat  queer  climatic  conditions  are  causing 
some  vagaries  among  my  shrubs,  I  send  you 
sprays  of  Winter  Sweet  in  bloom  and  of  MjTtle, 
Clianthus  puniceus,  Cydonia  japonica  and 
Ceanothus  Indigo  in  bud.  The  former  is  normal 
enough  ;  1  often  get  it  in  bloom  by  Christmas 
if  the  weather  is  mild,  but  why  buds  on  the  MjTtle 
which  bloomed,  as  usual,  last  summer  ?  You  will 
notice  the  same  condition  of  things  on  the 
Ceanothus  twigs;  beyond  the  well- developed 
seed-pods  of  the  summer  flowering  arc  trusses 
of  flower-buds  already  showing  the  blue  colour 
of  the  blooms.  The  Clianthus,  I  regret  to  say, 
has  every  shoot  of  the  whole  of  its  10  feet  of  height 
covered  with  buds,  not  one  of  which,  1  presume, 
can  live  through  the  winter  to  bloom  in  the  spring.'  " 
— ^The  Garden,  January  .).  1908.  s    P. 


38 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  15,  1921. 


Around    the     Markets 

THETmild  weather,  though  pleasant  ouough  for 
the  comfort  of  most  of  us,  is  bad  for  all  perish- 
able produce  and,  in  \iew  of  the  inevitable 
after-Christmas  slackness,  things  are  not  too 
rosy  in  Covent  Garden  or  the  other  large 
wholesale  markets.  The  only  suspicion  of 
demand  exceeding  the  supply  is  for  really 
good  shapely  Christmas  Trees,  and  the  prices  these  still 
fetch  are  tnily  amazing.  At  one  time  just  before  Christmas 
there  was,  for  a  brief  spell,  a  real  shortage  and  would-be 
buyers  waited  eagerly  for  the  supplies  which  were  said 
to  be  on  the  road.  When  these  really  materialised,  and 
up  to  the  promised  time,  a  great  sigh  of  relief  and  thanks- 
giving went  up.  Then  the  buyers  crowded  around  the 
motor  lorries  and  soon  of  Christmas  Trees  there  was  none. 
The  pot  plant  trade  has  also  been  good.  No  doubt 
tlie  public  realise  that  flowering  plants  are  more  economical 
for  home  use  than  cut  flowers,  particularly  as  most  growers 
are  adepts  at  timing  their  big  stocks  so  that  the  plants 
are  just  right  when  sent  to  the  market.  We  British  are 
a  flower-loving  race,  when  we  can  afford  it,  and  at  festival 
times  most  of  us  like  to  have  flowers  of  some  sort  about 
the  house.  For  those  with  lean  purses,  plants,  if  rightly 
selected,  are  really  better  bargains,  even  at  rather  higher 
prices,  than  cut  flowers. 

An  enormous  number  of  made-up  pots  and  vases  of 

orced  bulbs  were  cleared  recent  y.     The  general  favourites 

were  the  ornamental  earthenware  bowls,  well-flUed  with 


recently  by  Sweet,  of  Whetstone,  in  such  superb  quality, 
also  had  many  purchasers. 

Araucaria  excelsa,  which  the  Belgians  grow  so  finely 
and  in  such  amazing  numbers,  also  went  well.  These  have 
a  particularly  Christmassy  appearance  and  are  good  room 
plants.  When  one  is  told  that  it  takes  six  months  to 
root  the  cuttings,  the  low  price  charged  is  astonishing. 
The  better  class  retailers  seem  to  have  done  a  big  trade 
with  winter-flowering  Begonias,  and  of  these,  the  larger 
flowered  B.  Optima,  E.  Winter  Glow  and  such  seem  likely 
to  oust  the  smaller  B.  Gloire  de  Lorraine  type. 

January  7.  A.  Coster. 


Training  Chrysanthemums 
as    Bushes 


N' 


WINTER    FLOWERING    BEGONIA    OPTIMA. 
Colour  orange  salmon.     As  grown  jcr  Covent  Garden  Market. 


Roman  Hyacinths  or  with  scarlet  and  yellow  Van  The 
Tulips  just  coming  into  flower,  with  a  small  Pteris  tremula 
Fern  in  the  centre.  Imbued  with  the  floral  spirit  I  kept 
back  one  of  the  best  for  home  and  now,  after  a  week 
indoors,  it  is  even  more  beautiful  than  at  first.  These  are, 
of  course,  forced  in  boxes  and  replanted  into  the  bowls  ; 
but  spring  bulbs  are  good  natured  things  and  do  not  seem 
to  mind  root  disturbance.  The  dainty  little  Ericas, 
particularly  E.  hyemalis  and  varieties  have  also  been 
"  good  lines,"  while  the  rarer  E.  melanthera,  which,  I 
hear,  was  shown  at  the  fioyal  Horticultural  Society's  Hall 


TEATLY  trained  plants  are  not  only 
ornamental  in  themselves,  but  e.\cep- 
tionally  useful  for  furnishing  the 
greenhouse,  conservatory  or  glass  porch 
and  for  yielding  cut  flowers.  When 
grown  for  cut  blooms  for  exhibition,  it  is  absolutely 
essential  to  success  that  from  one  to  three  blooms 
be  allowed  on  each 
plant.  Well  grown 
bushes  will  bear  from 
t  we  1 V  e  to  fifty 
flowers,  according  to 
the  variety  and  the 
way  they  are 
managed.  Plants 
bearing  twelve  to 
twenty  blooms  are, 
generally,  of  varieties 
naturally  producing 
\ery  big  ones  if 
grown  for  exhibi- 
tion ;  those  bearing 
from  twenty-five  to 
fifty  flowers  are  of 
varieties  naturally 
very  free  in  the 
production  of  small 
to  medium  -sized 
ones.  A  few  varie- 
ties (if  both  sections 
are  named  below. 
The  hints  here  given 
are  not  intended  to 
assist  cultivators  to 
tr.iin  specimens  of 
quite  formal  appear- 
ance, but  those  that 
are  from  medium  to 
a  large  size  and  of 
natural  and  pleasing 
form. 

Selecting  Plants. 
L'ndoubtedly  it  is  an 
advantage  to  have 
>trong  plants  to  start 
with.  If  they  are  in 
5-inrh  pots,  pinch  oft 
the  tops  of  the  plants, 
leaving  stems  about 
-  inches  long — above 
the  surface  of  the 
soil.  If  only  the 
point  be  removed, 
probably  only  two 
or  three  new  shoots 
will  grow  again ; 
but  by  taking  off 
I  inch  or  2  inches  of 
stem,  five  or  six  side 
shoots  will  grow,  and  fairly  even  in  strength.  After 
stopping,  do  not  water  too  frequently,  but  keep 
the  soil  rather  drier  than  usual  for  a  week  or  ten 
days.  When  the  side  shoots  have  grow-n  about 
2  inches  in  length  and  the  pots  are  well  filled 
with  roots,  repot  the  plants  in  6J-inch  pots.  Pot 
moderately  firmly  and  use  a  really  good  compost 


consisting  of  fibrous  loam,  leaf-soil,  rotted  manure 
and  a  6-inch  potful  of  bone-meal  to  two  bushels 
of  the  above  combined  parts. 

Frame  Treatment. — A  wise  plan  is  to  grow  as 
many  plants  as  there  is  ample  room  for,  so  as  to 
avoid  overcrowding  at  all  stages.  Place  each 
pot  on  a  tile  on  a  bed  of  ashes  in  the  cold  frame 
Give  a  thorough  watering  when  necessary. 
Never  give  driblets,  which  merely  wet  the  surface 
soil  and  leave  the  bottom  portion  too  dry.  Ventilate 
freely  after  the  plants  are  established  in  the  new 
soil  and  when  the  weather  is  mild,  but  avoid  cold 
draughts,  as  every  plant  must  be  well  furnished 
with  healthy  leaves.  The  foundation  of  the  bush 
plant  is  now  laid,  and  it  must  be  strengthened 
by  the  judicious  use  of  manures.  When  the 
plants  have  filled  the  pots  with  roots,  give  a 
stimulant  in  the  form  of  nitrate  of  soda,  dissolving 
loz.  in  two  gallons  of  water,  and  with  this  water 
once  only.  The  effect  is  to  increase  the  size  of 
the  leaves  and  stems,  and  to  cause  a  very  free 
break  of  new  shoots  u  hen  the  next  stopping  takes 
place  at  the  end  of  April. 

Shift  the  plants  to  7j-inch  pots  directly  they 
are  sufficiently  rooted,  and  when  duly  recovered 
from  the  effects  of  the  shift,  remove  the  frame 
lights  altogether  during  fine  weather  and  so 
prepare  them  for  a  position  on  a  bed  of  ashes 
in  the  open  air.  Naturally  late-fiowering  varieties 
will  not  need  stopping  again  ;  they  will  now  possess 
from  twelve'  to  eighteen  branches,  and  the  latter 
will  bear  fine  blooms  in  November  from  crown 
buds.  But  these  and  other  late  varieties  may 
be  taken  on  to  terminal  buds,  when  the  number 
of  blooms  will  be  doubled  and  the  flowering  take 
place  in  December. 

Earlier-flowering  sorts  must  be  again  stopped 
at  the  end  of  June,  with  the  result  that  each  plant 
will  possess  from  twenty-four  to  thirty-six  shoots, 
and  if  terminal  buds  are  selected,  the  fifty  or 
more  blooms  per  plant  will  be  obtained  during  the 
latter  part  of  October  and  in  November  and 
December,  according  to  the  varieties  grown. 
Do  not  use  too  many  sialics,  but  have  neat  ones . 
and  keep  the  branches  well  spread  out.  Place  the 
plants  in  an  open  but  sheltered  position  after  the 
final  potting  has  been  done  in  lo-inch  and  ii-inch_ 
pots. 

Good    Varieties    for    Bushes. — Source    d'Or, 
orange  and  gold  ;    Lizzie  Adcock,  yellow  ;    Mary 
Richardson,   salmon,   a  single  ;    White  Countess  ; , 
Kathleen  Thompson,  chestnut  crmison  ;    Embleme  - 
Poitevin,  rich  yellow  ;    W.  Turner,   white ;    A.   J. 
Balfour,  pink  ;    Caprice  du  Printemps,  deep  pink  ; 
Mrs.  W.  Buckbee,  white;    Pink  Pearl;    Baldock's- 
Crimson  ;    Mrs.  Rundle,  white  ;  Mme.  R.  Oberthur, 
white;     Heston   White;    Cheshunt    White,     very 
late  ;   and  Thorpe's  Apricot.  Avon. 


Spraying    Gooseberries    with 
Lime  Sulphur  Fluid 

Lime  sulphur  spray  fluid  is  prepared  by  mixing 
one  gallon  of  concentrated  lime  sulphur  (specific 
gravity,  113)  with  thirty  gallons  of  water. 
On  certain  varieties,  i.e.,  Keepsake,  Lancashire  Lad, 
Crown  Bob  and  Freedom,  the  spray  fluid  at  this 
strength  is  liable  to  cause  leaf  scorching  and, 
in  consequence,  the  fluid  should  be  applied 
at  half  strength,  namely,  one  gallon  of  concentrated 
lime  sulphur  (specific  gravity,  113)  to  sixty  gallons 
of  water.  Attacks  of  Gooseberry  sawfly  are  also 
to  be  expected,  and  should  be  dealt  with  on  the 
first  signs  of  attack,  and  not  two  or  three  weeks  . 
later  when  partial  defoliation  has  taken  place. 
This  pest  may  be  kept  in  check  by  adding  61b. 
of  Hellebore  powder  to  every  thirty  gallons  of 
the  dilute  lime  sulphur  solution. 


JANUAKY    13,     IQ2I.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


vu. 


GIANT 
SWEET  PEAS 


Only  genuine  direct  front  WEM. 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  the  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  possess  a  choice 
deiic'cy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  6f  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  ot 
finest    fl'jwers   of   the   most  exquisite    colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named         5/6 
18  „  ..  ..  8- 


24 
30 
■10 
50 


106 
126 
176 
22  6 


POST    FREE    FOR    CA^H    WITH    ORDER. 

All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  magnificent  for  all  purposes. containing 
a  wonderful  r^inge  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours ;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of   all   the    Finest    Svfeet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.PRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea.    House, 
(Dept.   61),   WEM,   Shropshire. 

A/so    {he   finest   Flower   Seeds.    Vegetable 
Seeds.    Potatoes,    etc. 


^IMW^MMMAMWMMMkMMMRMWMMMMIM^MMMMWMWMaafkfVWWVM^ 


WATERERS' 

SUPER 

SEEDS 

for 


VEGETABLE 


AND 


FLOWER     GARDENS. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Garden  Guide 
Free  on  application. 

SCOTCH    GROWN 
SEED   POTATOES 

are  quoted  at  extremely 
advantageous  rates.  Our 
stock  is  of  the  finest  qual- 
ity we  have  ever  handled. 

PROMPT    DESPATCH. 

SATISFACTION     GUARANTEED. 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP,  LTD., 

SEED    MERCHANTS,   TWYFORD.   BERKS. 


POPPY,  Ryburgh  Hybrid 

Rc-sclcctcd  Hardy  Annual. 

One  of  the  most  gorgeous  and  beautifully 
Hardy  Annuals  of  recent  years.  Double 
flowers  in  grand  mixture  of  colours. 
Flesh,  pink,  rose,  bronze,  orange,  and 
salmon.  Strong  plants  for  planting  now 
till  March.  2/6  doz.,  16/6  100.  Seed, 
1/2  packet  ;  cultural  directions. 

NASTURTIUMS  "Rybupgh  Perfection." 

Leaves  variegated  silver  and  gold  ; 
bright  scarlet  flowers,  true  stock.  These 
make  a  gorgeous  bed.  Packets,  8d. 
and    1/2. 

SWEET  PEAS 
A  real  good  Exhibition  12,  5/-.  Edna 
May  Imp.,  20  ;  Hercules,  30  ;  Mrs. 
C.  P.  Tomlin,  20  ;  King  Manoel,  30  ; 
Lavender  (King's),  12  ;  May  Day,  20  ; 
Dobbie's  Cream,  20  ;  Royal  Purple,  20  ; 
Charity,  15  ;  Doris,  15  ;  John  Ingman, 
30  ;   Mrs.  A.  Hitchcock,  15. 

General  Catalogue  on  application. 

G.  STARK  &  SON.  Gt.  Ryburgh,  Norfolk 


Stronghold 

Seeds 
for  Lawns. 


Famed  throughout 
the  United  Kingdom 


55/- 
50/- 


PEE     BUSHEL 
ON    LIGHT    SOILS 


PER     BUSHEL 
ON  HEAVY   SOILS. 


CARRIAGE 
PAID. 


STEWART  &  CO., 

Seedsmen  &  Turf  Experts, 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street, 
EDINBURGH. 


CARNATIONS 


FOR     ANY    AND 
EVERY     PURPOSE 

LARGE  FLOWERING  PLANTS  in  6  in.  Pots  for  Green- 
house or  Garden  cultivation,  from  35(-  per  dozen,  carriage 
extra.     Immediate  or  deferred  delivery. 

HARDY  BORDER  CARNATIONS. 

We  have  simply  magnificent  stocks  of  all  the  best  varieties. 
The  undermentioned  collections  are  available: — 

Coll.  No.  Ic— 6  d-slinct  varieties.  12'- 

Coll.    No.    2c.— 12    disiiDCt    varieties.    24'- 

Coll.  No.  3c.— 100  Plants  in  llie   twelve  b(st  standard 

varieties,  110- 

Carriage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

ALLWOODII. 

The  new  hardy  Garden  Plant.  Half  Pinlc  and  half  Carnation, 
it  needs  no  culture,  but  grows  by  itself  anywhere,  and  flowers 
perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter.  We  can  give  immediate 
delivery,  and  offer  the  undermentioned  collections  : — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties.  11'- 

Coll.No.2b.— 9  distinct  varieties  (including  3  novelties),23|6 

Coll.   ho.    3b.— 12     distinct    varieties    (including    all  6 

novelties).  40/- 

Carriage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET.    6d.    post    free. 

Fully    Illustrated    and    descriptiv?    Catalogue    will    be 
forwarded  post  free  on  request. 

}  WbcD  yoD  ibink  of  Cernalions  yoo  Ibink  of 


The  leading  Carnation  Raisers  i-nd  Specialists 

in  the  World,  Dept.  4, 
HAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 


Introduced  1885. 

NOTHING  yet  intro- 
duced has  surpassed 
this  valuable  method 
of  Fumigating  Greenhouses. 
It  combines  economy  with 
efficiency  in  every  way, 
and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  1 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it !     Full  directions 

Retistered  Trade  .Mark  62°5         fOr   USC  On   CaCh  ConC. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent  in  this  Fumisator! 
Prices.— No.  1>  for  Frames  and  "Lean-io's"  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft..  10J.  each  ;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 
l..iOO  cubic  ft..  1  3  each  :  No.  3.  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses  from  2  000  to  2.500  cubic  ft.,  1/9  each. 
Sold  by  the  Trade  generally. 


Important      to       Gardeners      and 
Fruit      Grow/ers. 

"NIQUAS" 


(IMPROVED) 


Regd. 


THE     MOST     SUCCESSFUL     NON  ■  POISONOUS 
INSECTICIDE    OF    THE     DAY. 
It   has  the   advantage  of  a  small   addition   of  Nicotine, 
thus  rendering  its  effects  more  deadly  to  all  insect  pests. 

No  possible  injury  to  the  most  delicate  Plant,  Flower,  or 
Foliage. 

One  pint  makes  10  to  12  gallons  for  Thrip,  Black  and  Green 
Fly,  etc..  whilst  RED  SPIDER.  Mealy  Bug  and  Scale  can 
be  t'h  roughly  eradicated  by  using  "  NIQUAS  "  about  double 
The  str,.pgth  required  for  Fli'. 

PR  ICES.- Half-pint,  1;4;  Pint,  2  3  ;  Quart,  3  9  ;  Half- 
gal.,  6-;  Qallon,  11-;  Drums,  each,  Five  Qalls.,. 
361- ;   10  Qalls.,  62f6;   20  Qalls.,  120 -. 

To  be  had  from  the  Trade  generally. 
.Manufacturers  : 

CORRY  &  CO.,  Ltd. 

LONDON,    S.E.1. 


vni. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  15,  1921. 


POULTRY      NOTES 

By    W.     POWELL-OWEN,     F.B.S.A. 


SEVERAL   jurther  egg  records   have   come 
to   hand   from   readers,    and   it   is    quite 
clear  from  them  that  my  correspondents 
Know  how  to  obtain  the  elusive  winter  egg. 
Laying     of    White    Wyandottes.— 

Captain  F.  W.  Brooke  of  Fenstanton,  Hunts, 
writes:  "On  August  28  you  published  in  The 
Garden  my  letter  to  you  about  the  laying  of 
five  White  Wyandotte  1919  pullets,  and  I  think 
you  might  like  to  know  the  twelve  months'  results. 
As  I  then  stated,  the  first  egg  was  laid  on  Novem- 
ber 17,  and  the  first  bird  to  start  was  the  last  to 
leave  off,  and  she  ceased  laying  on  November  11. 
The  five  birds  laid  1,007  eggs,  which  is  an  average 
of  just  over  201  each.  They  cost  in  food  £4  7s.  5  Jd-. 
and  the  value  of  their  eggs  was  £15  5s.  4d.,  so 
that  they  earned  as  near  as  possible  £2  3s.  7d. 
each.  The  hens  are  not  in  lay  again  yet,  but 
one  or  two  of  them  look  as  if  they  should  be 
soon." 

Laying  of  Pullets. — 1  have  received  several 
egg-cards  from  readers  giving  the  laying  of  puUets 
from  October.  It  is  very  dangerous  to  endeavour 
to  pass  judgment  on  pullets  when  bearing  in  mind 
their  winter  output  only.  Among  puUets  we  have 
plodders,  sprinters  and  supers,  and  the  bird 
putting  up  the  best  winter  total  is  not  always  the 
one  that  will  finish  the  year  with  the  highest 
total.  She  may  lay  weU  to  March  and  then 
slow  down,  being  overtaken  by  the  "plodder" 
which  has  just  a  good  winter  record,  and  will 
go  on  to  put  up  a  nice  fuU-year  total  of  eggs. 
The  ideal  plan  is  to  select  each  year  a  given  number 
of  pullets  and  to  trap-nest  them  for  their  whole 
first  season  of  lay ;  in  their  second  year  the  best 
can  be  bred  from.  If  one  intends  to  breed  from 
pullets  and  is  relying  on  winter  output  only, 
select  birds  that  are  above  the  average  as  well 
as  the  super  layers,  and  weed  out  of  the  breeding 
pens  only  the  duds. 

Marking  tlie  Chicks.- — Supposing  we  decide 
to  breed  from  all  pullets  that  have  averaged 
twelve  eggs  or  over  per  month  from  October 
up  to  hatching- time,  our  next  plan  will  be  to 
carry  on  the  good  work  of  trap-nesting  and  to 
toepunch  the  chicks  so  that  the  latter  can  be 
distinguished.  When  the  chicks  are  well  grown 
we  can  compare  the  laying  records  of  the  various 
dams  and  decide  then  which  of  the  progeny  to 
keep  or  sell  and  which  are  the  more  valuable. 
While  trap-nesting  is  strongly  advocated,  1  think 
this  little  warning  is  necessary,  because  so  many 
poultry-keepers  think  they  have  a  super  in 
every  bird  that  lays  28  eggs  in  as  many 
days  in  any  winter  mouth.  The  yearly  totals 
are  what  we  should  rely  upon  for  greater 
accuracy. 


Yearly  Records. — -Often  at  a  show  of  utility 
poultry  an  exhibitor  cannot  understand  why  his 
bird  failed  to  win  when  it  has  laid  60  eggs  in 
61  days.  That,  unfortunately,  may  only  mean 
that  the  bird  is  a  sprinter.  1  had  a  case  last 
year  where  a  White  Leghorn  pullet  laid  119  eggs 
in  the  six  winter  months  and  yet  only  totalled  211 
for  the  twelve  months.  She  was  on  the  coarse 
side,  and  six  months  of  semi-intensive  management 
saw  her  fat  by  Jlarch,  when  egg  production  slowed 
down  and  broodiness  took  place,  and  later  on 
there  was  the  early  moult.  Longevity  of  laying 
is  one  very  important  factor  in  trap-nesting, 
and  it  always  pays  to  trap-nest  hens  in  even 
their  second  and  third  seasons  in  order  not  to 
waste  valuable  breeding  material.  A  hen  is 
good  enough  for  breeding  for  four  or  five  years, 
and  where  trap-nesting  is  carried  out  over  many 
years  one  can  always  be  keeping  the  very  best 
hens  on  and  getting  quality  in  the  progeny. 

Second-Season  Laying.— As  a  general  rule 
hens  lay  fewer  eggs  in  their  second  than  in  their 
first  year  of  lay.  But  I  have  known  cases  where 
by  the  judicious  use  in  the  breeding  pens  of  hens 
that  laid  a  greater  number  of  eggs  in  their  second 
season  this  factor  has  been  worked  into  the  strain. 
The  same  applies  to  colour.  One  Rhode  Island 
Red  pullet  will  moult  out  into  a  second- year  hen 
that  is  patchy  all  over ;  another  will  remain  a 
grand  colour  for  seasons.  The  latter  is  the  one 
to  select  for  breeding  purposes  in  an  endeavour 
to  maintain  the  factor  within  the  strain.  In 
short,  the  balance  is  always  in  favour  of  the 
poultry-keeper  who  possesses  the  power  of  obser- 
vation and  knows  something  about  breeding 
No  poultry-keeper  can  expect  a  ready-made 
article,  whether  in  males  or  females.  I  can  tell 
you  what  is  ideal  in  both,  but  it  is  up  to  each 
poultry-keeper  to  strive  to  obtain  that  ideal. 

Advantages  Held  by  Fanciers. — There  are 
to-day  many  old-time  fanciers  who,  having  taken 
up  the  breeding  of  utility  fowls,  find  themselves 
at  the  top  of  the  laying  tests  and  among  the 
premier  awards  at  utility  shows.  Their  knowledge 
of  breeding  has  helped  them  to  a  remarkable 
degree.  I  have  often  explained  in  my  notes 
the  ideal  utility  male  with  his  fine- textured  head- 
points,  fine  pelvic  bones  and  nice-textured 
abdominal  flesh.  But  you  cannot  pick  up  such 
birds  every  day,  or  here,  there  and  every^vhere. 
When  you  buy  an  odd  cockerel  he  may  be  very 
wide  of  the  ideal,  but  you  must  breed  a  nice  flock  of 
youngsters  and  from  them  select  that  bird  which 
is  nearest  the  ideal.  And  you  do  this  year  after 
year  until  the  fruits  of  selection  give  you  the 
reward.  In  other  words,  you  must  breed  quantity 
to  get  quality,  and  then  must  practise  very  strictly 
the  art  of  grading  in  eggs,  growing  stock  and 
matured  birds. 

Shows  and  Showing. — My  record  at  Tottenham 
Show  has  been  broken,  but  fortimately  1  have 
broken  it  myself  by  setting  up  a  new  record. 
At  Tottenham  1  had  500  utility  exhibits  to  judge 
on  my  score-card  system.  Recently  at  the 
N.U.P.S.  Show,  where  the  birds  were  judged  on 
my  score- carding  plan,  over  1,000  utility  birds 
competed,  and  that  represents  the  greatest  entry 
any  utiUty  show  has  obtained  to  date.  Of  that 
number  over  600  birds  came  into  my  classes, 
and  some  of  the  classes  had  tremendous  entries. 
For  instance,  there  were  66  White  Leghorn  males 
in  one  class,  84  White  Leghorn  pullets,  72  White 


Wyandotte  pullets  and  no  less  than  67  breeding 
trios  (over  200  birds  in  one  class)  to  produce 
layers.  A  Lancashire  poultry  farmer  whose  name 
was  a  household  one  in  fancy  circles  a  few  years 
ago  won  with  six  entries,  three  firsts,  three  cups, 
third  and  fifth,  and  the  same  man  won  the  Northern 
Laying  Test  just  concluded.  Apart  from  showing 
that  his  exhibits,  scored  by  me  on  my  card 
system,  could  win  red  tickets  and  cups  as  well  as 
laying  tests,  it  interests  me  to  think  that  fanciers 
who  know  all  about  breeding  are  concentrating 
on  the  production  of  utility  fowls. 

Condition  of  Breeders. — -The  use  of  second- 
season  hens  as  breeders  when  mated  with  a  young, 
vigorous  cockerel  may  be  regarded  as  the  ideal, 
but  this  has  its  drawbacks.  For  instance,  the 
best  laying  puUets  are  invariably  those  which  lay 
throughout  the  usual  moulting  period  of  August 
onwards.  By  the  time  egg  production  ceases  and 
they  start  to  moult  the  bad  weather  is  with  us, 
and  such  hens  are  not  always  in  fit  condition  for 
mating  up  by  December.  In  such  cases  I  prefer 
to  mate  them  up  later  and  to  rely  upon  other 
pens  for  early  hatching  eggs.  After  a  full  year's 
lay  and  the  strain  due  to  the  moulting  season 
one  must  allow  such  hens  time  to  get  fit  before 
they  are  expected  to  commence  egg  production 
again  and  to  produce  robust  chicks.  Break  away 
from  the  old  idea  that  mating-up  merely  means 
dropping  any  sort  of  male  bird  into  a  pen  of  hens. 
When  you  mate  up  your  poultry  pens  you  must 
reap  a  harvest  that  is  according  to  yom'  own 
sowing. 

Early  Hatching.— Many  readers  intend  to 
hatch  out  early  broods,  and  a  few  helpfiJ  bints 
will  not  be  out  of  place.  Remember  first  of  all 
that  it  is  not  the  natural  hatching  season.  If 
you  set  a  broody  hen,  make  sure  that  she  is  well 
fleshed,  fit  and  fluffy.  And  give  her  nine  or  ten 
eggs  and  not  more  than  she  can  keep  warm.  Make 
her  a  far  cosier  nest  than  you  would  in  the  spring 
or  summer,  and  use  plenty  of  nesting  material. 
Let  her  have  a  grain  feed  morning  and  night  to 
ensure  fit  condition,  and  on  bitterly  cold  days 
cover  the  eggs  with  flannel  when  she  is  off  them. 
Collect  the  eggs  regularly  and  often,  because  in 
cold  or  frosty  weather  the  germs  are  affected  and 
the  shells  are  often  broken  if  the  eggs  are  left  in 
the  nest-boxes  too  long.  When  collected  store 
them  in  a  drawer  in  a  reasonably  warm  place 
in  plenty  of  bran  and  hay  with  flannel  or  felt  at 
top  and  bottom,  turning  the  eggs  daUy  and  using 
them  when  as  fresh  as  possible.  Test  every  pen 
early  for  fertility  and  hatchability  before  you  sell 
any  sittings,  thereby  preventing  disappointment, 
replacement  of  infertiles  and  loss. 


ADVICE   ON   POULTRY   MATTERS. 

Mr.  W.  Powell-Owen,  The  Garden  Poultry 
Expert,  will  be  pleased  to  answer,  free  of  charge,  any 
question  dealing  with  poultry-keeping.  A  stamped 
and  addressed  envelope  should  be  enclosed,  when  a 
lengthy  and  detailed  reply  will  be  posted  promptly. 
Communications  should  be  sent  to  Mr.  W.  Powell- 
Owen,  care  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.2.  Samples  of  foods  {report  thereon  and 
suggested  use),  is.  bd.  ;  post-mortems,  2S.  bd.  each. 
Send  samples  and  dead  fowls  (latter  by  rail  and  letters 
under  separate  cover)  direct  to  W.  Powell-Owen, 
"  Powell-Owen  "  Poultry  Bureau,  47A.  High  Street, 
Hampstead.   N.W.z. 


January   15,   192  i.l 


THE     GARDEN. 


IX. 


WATERERS' 

SUPER 

FRUIT  TREES 


PER     DOZ. 

12/- 


EACH 

Standard   Plums  -        7  6 

Bush  Apples      -  -  5  -  to  7,6 

Bush   Pears        -  -  5  -  to  7/6 

Bush   Plums       -  -  5/-  to  7  6 

Bush  Cherries  -  S/-  to  7  6 

IMMACULATE    TREES, 

CLEAN    AND    STURDY. 
Currants,    Black 
Red 
White 

Extra  fine  fruiting  bushes. 

PER    DOZ. 

Loganberry        -        -        18- 
Phenomenal  Berry       18  - 

EACH. 

King's  Acre  Berry  5/- 

Inspection    of    our    MAGNIFICENT    STOCKS    at 

TWYFORD  NURSERIES  iswelcomed  and  solicited. 

Descrif}tivc  Cafiilofitie  cind  Guide  frt:e  on  application. CQ 

JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP,  Ltd., 

The    Nurseries,    TWYFORD,    Berks. 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


1^ 

Mr  a  Rea 

I     for   yo 
■     Lawn, 


When  you  need 
Real  Good  Thing 

youp  Garden, 
Allotment 
or    games    let     us 
know. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIESLd. 
Cranmer  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


DOBBIE'S  CATALOGUE 

And  Guide  to  Gardening. Spring  1921 


A    FREE    COPY 

Will  be  sent  to  anyone  iitterestetl 
in  Gardeninii  u-ho  makes  appli- 
cation and  mentions  The  Garde.n" 


eur  House   ii  noted   for    HIGH. 

GRADE  VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER 

SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 

POTATOES,  and  PLANTS. 

IN     SWEET    PEAS    WE    ARE     PRE-EMINENT. 


DOBBIE  &  Co.  Ltd. 

EDINBURGH. 


Seedsmen  and  Florists  to 
H.M.  the  King, 


Seasonable  Wants 


WILLIS     BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


NOT    A    SUBSTITL'TE.    BUT    A 

REAL    MANURE 

for  digging  in  or  as  top  dressing. 
NO    STABLE    MANURE    REQUIRED. 

1   cwt.  17  6;    *  cwt.  10/-;  ■>»\b.  5/6    £16  10s.  per  ton. 
Carriage  Paid. 


VINE    MANURE 

and  Vine  Border  Compound,  Coarse  or  Fine. 
30,-  per  cwt. :    16-  i  cwt. 

RUSSIAN    MATS 

New,  just  arrived.     Size  about  7  ft.   by  3  ft.  6  in. 
Limited  supply,  42-  per  doz.,  carriage  paid. 

WILLIS    BROS.' 
WINTER   WASH 

For  spraying  Fruit  Trees,  prepared  from  recipe  of 
celebrated  Canadian  Apple  Grower,  who  is  noted 
for  his  clean  fruit  and  orchards. 

10;6  per  gal.  ;    50 -.i  gals. 
Carriage  Paid.        Tins  included. 


WILLIS  BROS. 


Horticultural  Manure 

Manufacturer. 
HASPENDEN,  HERTS. 


THE    DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST    FRIEND— 

How  to  choo.*e  .111(1  care  tor  mm,  by  A.  Croxton  .Smith.  A 
lop.v  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
:ind  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid. 
addressed  to  The  Jlanager,  "  Country  Life  "  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,   Covent   Garden,  W.C.2. 


Work  in  Comfort 
with  warm  feet 

You  can  defy  the  damp  if  you  wear  a  pair  of 
CALOR  CLOGS  They're  just  ascomfot  table 
and  warm  as  boots,  but  they're  much  cheaper. 
With  a  pair  of  Calor  Clogs  you  can  w  rk  in  the 
worst  weather  and  still  have  dry  feet  at  the 
end  of  the  day.  Calor  Clogs  are  made  of  good 
grain  leather,  lined  with  felt.  Soles  are  of 
wood.  Well  finished  and  useful.  For  men 
and  wcmen.    Price  8/1 1,  post  paid.    No.C5i!9. 

Also  in  lacing  Style  C524, 
Sizes  2  to  5  ...  7i  1 1  I  Sizes  6  to  II  ...  8  6 
Men's  and  Women's  Watertight  Derby  Clogs, 
at  9/6.  12/6,  14/6;  Children's  Clogs  from 
4/11;  Wellington  Clogs,  felt  lined  and  unlined, 
16/6  and  22/6;  Rubber  Wellingtons.  Men's 
sizes,  18/6  and  2  1/-,  Women's  sizes,  17/6  and 
19/11.  Children's,  from  12/6;  Men's  Long 
Rubber  Thigh  Boots.  21/-.    All  post  paid. 

Send  for  our  free  Illtistrnied  Catalogue. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


*5Z5e 


PRICE 
(Free  on  Rail) 

TYPE    k.^S  ngle 
Frame.      Size  :  4k.  by 
5(t    by     I5in..  by  9in. 
£2     9     6 

TYPE  A.  — Double 
Frame.  Size  :  8fl.  by 
ift.  by  I  Sin.  by  9n. 

£4     13     O 


SECrrONAL 

GARDEN  FRAME 

(~\N  all  points  the  Slade  Frame  scores — in 
value  and  price  il's  unbeaten.  It  does 
the  same  work  as  the  clumsy  brick  built  frame 
but  It  can  be  moved  about,  taken  to  pieces, 
and  reassembled  at  will.  It's  perfectly  proof 
against  draught,  damp,  vermin,  etc.,  and 
conserves  maximum  quantity  of  natural  heat. 
In  Booklet  B  you  will  find  further  interesting 
part.culars — why  not  write  for  it  ? 

The  SLADE  SYNDICATE  Ltd. 

(DIretors  :   E.  J.   W.  Slade  and  M.  W.  Slade). 

35,  Surrey  St.,  Strand    W.C.Z 


GET  THIS  BOOK 

"  CULTIVATION     BY 
MOVABLE  FRAMES" 

By  H.  C.  Cowley, 

Editor  of  '■  The  Garden  ' 

1    - 

Post   Free. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   15,  1921. 


THE  WRINKLE  IS 
TO  SPRINKLE 

^LEANSU 


TTIMMY  is  always  happy  when  he  is 

^     assisting  in  the  work  of  the  home 

and  making  the  household  tasks  easier. 

Use  Vim  for  washing-up  after  meals. 
Sprinkle  a  little  over  greasy  plates, 
pots  and  pans,  and  the  grease  is 
cleaned  off  instantly.  Vim  is  splendid 
for  cleaning  cooking  dishes.  It  con- 
tains   no   grease. 

VIM  also  cleans  Steel,  Iron,  Brass,  Paint, 
Marble,  Tilework,  Windows,  Floors,  Oil- 
cloth, Linoleum,  Glassware,  Earthenware, 
Enamelware,  etc.     Don't  apply    VIM  dry. 

IN    SPRINKLER-TOP    CANISTERS, 
AND    PACKETS 

Of  all  Grocers,   Stores,    Oilmen,    Chandlers,   etc. 

LEVER   BROTHERS   LIMITED,    PORT   SUNLIGHT. 


January    15,    1921.] 


thf:   garden. 


XI. 


No.  49a.     Small  Greenhouse. 

Size    I    ft.   by  8(t.  (other  sizes  made).      Painted    two 

coats.      Glazed   with    15  oz.   glass. 

PRICES    ON    APPLICATION. 

Ready    for    immediate    delivery.        Carriage    Paid    to 

station ;    in    England    and    Wales. 


You  can  erect  this  Green- 
house    in  90  minutes. 

This  splendid  Greenhouse  for  Amateurs  comes  to  you  in  sections  — 
glazed,  painted,  and  complete  in  every  detail — everything  so 
accurately  fitted  (even  bolt  holes  ready  drilled)  that  in  about  90 
minutes  you  can  erect  and  have  it  ready  for  occupation.  The 
parts  fit  together  almost  as  easily  as  a  sectional  bookcase. 

The  illustrations  show  :  (I)  No.  49a,  Greenhouse  in  actual  use.  (2)  The 
Sections  of  one  half  of  the  house  put  together.  (3)  The  constructional  units 
of  the  other  half  of  the  house,  forming  one  side,  half  of  roof,  and  one  end. 

It  IS  advisable  to  set  the  House  on  a  4^-  inch  brick  footing,  or  we  can  supply 
tarred  sleepers  at  extra  cost. 

This  Greenhouse  has  the  characteristics  of  all  B.  &  P.  Structures 
— sturdy  strength  and  splendid  finish — given  by  the  best  of 
sound  selected  materials,  built  up  by  skilled  craftsmen — the  only 
kind  of  buildings  which  give  convincing  value  for  money  in 
lasting  usefulness. 

Enquiries  invited  for  Heating  Systems,   Conservatories, 

Vinery     Ranges,     Peach     Houses,     Carnation     Houses, 

Garden      Frames,      etc.,      of     all      descriptions,      u-ith 

requisite  accessories. 

WRITE    FOR     LIST    OF    GARDEN    FRAMES 
AND     SMALL    GREENHOUSES. 


ouiton  emu 


1^ 


TELEGRAMS  . 


LONDON     OFFICE  > 


BOULTON.  NORWICH  !  Chlcf  OffJCC  &  Works  :  "5  7,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  ST. 

^     Q      J?     ^^     I     C     H    •    ■Ol'T'Q"^      CENTRAL     LONDON 


CLrPHONE   > 


NORWICH       asi 


T«'«phon..    CENTRAL    4649 


THE    PROFIT    & 
PLEASURE     OF 
A    WARM 
GREENHOUSE 

Fruit  Trees  in  Bloom  in  Greenhouse. 

THE  Greenhouse  is  an  INDOOR  GARDEN  tmth  manx  times  the  possibilities  and  pleasures  oj 
the  one  outside.  A  Garden  from  which  you  can  have  CHOICE  FLOWERS,  FRUIT,  and 
VEGETABLES,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  all  the  year  round,  no  matter  whether  it  is  a  wet 
year,  dry  year,  or  any  kind  of  year.  If  you  INVEST  in  an  efficient  Heater  and  a  simple  system  of 
Pipes,  these  possibilities  are  verv  greatly  multiplied.  Apart  from  the  grozmng  of  Blooms  there  is  the 
opportunity  of  RAISING  SEEDLINGS  for  the  VEGETABLE  G/IRDEN  outside,  as  well  as 
brimming  to  perfection  GRAPES,  CUCUMBERS,  TOMATOES,  or  FRUIT  ON  DWARF 
TREES,  &c.,  all  a  source  of  nutritious  Food,  and  a  splendid  DIVIDEND  on  your  investment 
in  that   Heating  Apparatus. 

THE  "HORSESHOE     BOILER 

is  used  by  thousands  of  satisfied  Amateur  and 
Professional  Gardeners  as  the  best  investment 
possible  for  securing  a  uniform  temperature  without 
trouble  in  all  weathers.  BURNS  12  to  20  HOURS 
without  attention.  It  is  working  in  the  Botanic 
and  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens,  &c..  &c. 

Send    a    Postcard    with    the    size    of 
your  Greenhouse  and  ask  for  List  42, 

C.  P.  KINNELL  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.1 


NATIONAL  SWEET  PEA   SOCIETY 

21st   Exhibition   1921. 

£25  for  Three  Bunches 

If  our  3  novelties   Gladys,  Giant    Attraction, 

Sensation  are  in  the  1st  Prize  Exhibit  Class  1 

1  GO  Guinea  "  Daily  iVIaii  "  Cup 

we  will  give  winner  £25.     If  only  1  bunch  £5, 
if  2  £15,  if  3  £25. 

Our    Novelties   can    be   obtained   from    most 
seedsmen,  12  seeds  1  /6  or  direct : 

E.  W.  KING  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Sweet  Pea  Raisers, 
Coggeshall,     Essex. 

The    largest    English    Sweet    Pea    Growers. 


Send  your  order  now  foi  j 

THE   NEW  raspberry! 

LLOYD  GEORGE  PERPETUAL  FRUITING 

13  -  per  doz. 
Also  my  new  Violet,  20-  per  doz..  carriage  paid. 

J.    J.    KETTLE,   Violet   Farm,   Corfe    Mullen,    Dorset 


Send  a  Post  Card  for  a  copy 
of  our  beautifully  Illustrated 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 

^0^  Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 

and  otht:r  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds.  \o  keen 
gardener  should  be  without  this  most  interesting 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  cropping 
trial  of  about  30  of  the  most  popular  varieties  of 
Potatoes.    Write  to-day  mentioning  this  paper. 

St>ecial  quotations  to  lar/ie  buyers,  also  to 
Allotment  Associations. 


THYNE  &  SON 


Potato 
Merchants 


DUNDEE 


xn 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  13,  1921 


n^33! 


♦CID+CD* 


^M—f3— 13—1—13^11— ii—»ii—r3—ri^»n^^c 


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THE  PAST  YEAR  HAS  BEEN  SPECIALLY  NOTED  FOR 
THE  REVIVAL  OF  THE  CULTIVATION  OF  ANNUALS, 
AND  MANY  GARDEN  LOVERS  HAVE  BEEN  SURPRISED 
TO  FIND  HOW  NUMEROUS  WERE  THE  NEW 
VARIETIES,  AS  WELL  AS  THE  OLDER  AND  FOR- 
GOTTEN BEAUTIES.  THAT  COULD  GIVE  A  FRESH 
CHARM  TO  THE  GARDEN.  SCOTSMEN  SEEM  TO  HAVE 
REALISED  THIS  EVEN  MORE  THAN  THE  SOUTHERNER, 
AND  IT  ASTONISHES  THE  VISITOR  FROM  THE  SOUTH 
TO  SEE  THE  EXTENT  TO  WHICH  ANNUALS  ARE 
GROWN  IN  THE  NORTH  AND  THE  EXTRAORDINARY 
VIGOUR  OF  PLANTS  THAT  PRODUCE  FLOWERS  IN 
ABUNDANCE    TILL    LATE     IN    AUTUMN. 


THE  NU.MEROUS  DELIGHTFUL  ANNUALS-SUCH  AS 
CANDYTUFT,  COREOPSIS.  CLARKIA,  CHRYSAN- 

THEMUM, ESCHSCHOLTZIA.  GODETIA,  LARKSPUR 
LAVATERA,  LINARIA,  NEMESIA,  NIGELLA  POPPY. 
SALPIGLOSSIS.         SWAN  RIVER  DAISY,         SWEET 

SULTAN,  CHINA         ASTERS,         STOCKS.         ANCHUSA 

VISCARIA,  AND  OTHER  BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS 
(NOTABLY  ANTIRRHINU.MS),  WHICH.  THOUGH  NOT 
STRICTLY  ANNUALS,  CAN  BE  GROWN  IN  THE 
SAME  MANNER-WILL  PRODUCE  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
DISPLAYS  IN  BEDS  AND  BORDERS  AT  A  MUCH 
SMALLER  OUTLAY,  AND  IN  MUCH  LESS  TI.ME 
THAN     CAN     BE     OBTAINED     BV     OTHER     MEANS. 


Full  descriptive  lists  of  all  these  and  many  other 
choice   Flowers  will  be   found   in   the    pages  of 

SUTTON'S    GARDEN    SEED    CATALOGUE 

FOR     1 92 1 


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THE  KING'S 
OICO    SEEDSMEN 


READING 


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Printtd  by  The  Avenue  Pkess,  55  &  57,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C.2,  and  Published  by  "Country  Life."   L 


MIXED.  Mt  20,  Tavistock  Street.  Strand,  W.C.2. 


THE 


THE   FRUIT   FARM 


POULTRY 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  JLXXXV.— ^o.  2566. 

entered  r  s  Second-class  Matter  At  the  New  V'ork.  N.Y.,  Post  Oftice 


Saturday,   January   22,    1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND      FOR     CANADIAN      MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly   SLibscription 
Inland.    17:4:    Foreign.    17/4 


CLEMATIS     FARGESII. 
A  useful  Climber  for  Arbours  and  Verandas  (see  page  43). 


MERRYWEATHER'S  ROSES 

FOR  THE  GARDEN!         FOR  EXHIBITION! 
FOR   BEDS!  FOR  EVERYWHERE! 

Also  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs.  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 


H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

BEAUTIFUL    POPPIES     for    1921 

SHIRLEY  POPPY,  Selected  Strain,  of  light  graceful  habit,  with 
beautiful  satiny  flowers  ranging  in  colour  from  delicate  shades  of  rose, 
apricot,  salmon-pink  and  blush  to  glowing  crimson,  all  with  white  centres, 
hardy  annual,  2ft.      Per  packet,  6d.  and  I /- 

NEW  DOUBLE  QUEEN  POPPIES,  a  lovely  new  double  strain  of 
Shirley  Poppy  type,  flowers  double  and  semi-double  of  the  most  delicate 
and  brilliant  colours — white  with  salmon,  pink,  or  crimson  margin,  orange- 
salmon  shaded  white,  fiery  rose-scarlet  shading  down  to  white,  cherry-red 
shading  to  white,  brilliant  scarlet  with  white  centre,  &c.,  all  showing  yellow 
anthers,  hardy  annual,  2ft.     Per  packet,  I/-. 

POPPY  "IRRESISTIBLE,"  a  lovely  strain,  producing  large  double 
fringed  flowers,  brilliant  rose  to  blush-rose  and  salmon-rose  with  large  white 
centre,  hardy  annual,  2Jft.     Per  packet,  6d.  and  I/- 

Descriptive  Catulngue  of  other  choice  Flower  Seeds  free  on  appUcntion. 


BARR     &     SONS, 


11,      12      &     13,      KING      STREET, 
COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  coDstitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establisbmeot 

is    cordially    invited    to   inspect    our    immense    and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,   Rare  Botanical  Specimens,     Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     goo  I 

culture    of   Orchids. 

CtiARLESWORTH  &  CO.,  "^h\^tS°^ 

CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 


1921. 


NEW    JAPANESE    VARIETIES     FOR 

Ready   1st  week  in  February,  ex  2h  inch  pots. 
Mrs.  John  Balmer.     Indian  red,  gold  reverse.    F.C.C..  N.C.S. 
Norman  Chittenden.     Largest  white  to  date.    F.C.C..  N.C.S.,  A.M..  R.H.S. 
Belena  Ma  gerison.    Large  pearl  pink.    F.C.C..  N.C.S. 
Nadine.    Extra  large  golden  bronze.     F.C.C.,  N.C^. 

The  above  four  varieties  should  be  in  every  exhibitor's  stand  this  year,  price  7/8 

each,  the  set  for  25/-.  two  of  each  for  47  6 

NEW     DECORATIVE    VARIETIES. 

Teresa.     Lovely  bronze  apricot.     F.C.C..  N.C.S..  A.M..  R.H.S.     5  •  each. 

Estelle.     Large  single  variety  :  colour,  pale  yellow.    3i6  each. 

Catriona.    A  very  fine  exhibition  single,  rich  old  rose,  with  white  zone.     3/6  each. 

Qciicral  Ca'alotiuc  now  ready.      \oveIfy  List  ready  early  Jautiarv,  post  free  from 

KEITH     LUXFORD    &    CO., 

SHEERING       NURSERIES,        HARLOW,       ESSEX. 


THE     GARDEN. 


I  January   22,    1Q21. 


i< 


THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  citalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  lirms  w  ill  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Garden  Sundries 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of  England 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY  &  SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST  HILLS 
The  Rhvdd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
orall  kinds.  Sendfor 
Descriptive  Cata- 
loguB.  Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS     AND     FLOWER  INQ 

R.  &.  G.  CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


SHRUBS 

For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON  BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,  MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM  &  SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,  ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
TwERTON  Hill  Nitosery 
BATH 

HENRY  ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 

DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,  S.W. 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 

Swaet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free    on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON, 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Ltd. 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable^  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All  Garden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


YOU     WANT 


Really  Good  Seeds 


AT     MODERATE 

si;.\ji    T(i 


PRICES 


CORRY  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.r  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 
Barro\v-on-Humber 
HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 
234.  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.i 


Trade 
only. 


XL    ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


The     New 
CO.,  Ltd. 
Station  Road 


DESTRUCTOR 
PERSHORE 


Rubbish 
Destructors 


BARNARDS,  Ltd. 
NORWICH 


Garden  Espaliers 
<&  Trainers.  Par- 
ticulars of  our 
Stock  on  applica' 
tion. 


ROBERT  SYDENHAM  LIMITED 

99,  TENBY  STREET,  BIRMINGHAM 

No   one   will   serve  you    better. 
A     FEW      PRICES      FOR      1921. 


BEET. 

Cheltenham  Qreen   Leaf,  i>i&t  for  fiavnur 
Dell's   Black  Leaved, -iiiuctli.  Tii'-.liuni-sii'.ia  runts 
Early  Model  Qlobe,  li.^t  rdiiiul  Viuicty 

BORECOLE. 

Cottager's,  on.' of  til.- Iiardi'st 

Dwarf  Qreen  Curled  Scotch,  tlir  best  Dwart 

Asparagus,  il''Iiriuus  ti;ivoiir 

BROCCOLI. 

Veitch's  Self-Protecting    Autumn 

Snow's  Winter   White 

Spring  White,  vrrv  hardy 

Late  Queen,  tlir  h.st  life 

Purple  Sprouting,  most  usrful  hardy  Sort 
White  Sprouting,  (lilkious  flavour 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG  & 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE    US 


CO. 


Landscape  and 
Garden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St. .London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List   No.   42 

Post  Free 


R.  WALLACE  &  CO., 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE  WELLS 


Ltd. 


Landscape   &   Oarden 
Arctiitects.  Oueen 

Alexandra'.s    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Sho«,  I91J. 


HODSON'S,  Ltd. 

s8,Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

H3.SQ  several  good  men  available,  and 
can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water 
Stone  Paved 
Gardens  and 
General 
Landscape 
Work 


or 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Landscape 

Nurseries 

Gardeners 

CRAWLEY 

Shrubs,  etc. 

GOLD  MEDAL  PERENNIAL  PHLOX: 

12  Grand  New  Varieties  -  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  New  Varieties  -  -  15/- 
12  Very   Best  Older  Varieties  10/- 

NEW   IVilCHAELIVlAS     DAISIES 

12  Grand  New  Varieties  -  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  New  Varieties-  -  15/- 
12  Very   Best  Older  Varieties     -     10/- 

The  above  are  good   plants  and  delivered  package 

and  carriage   free  for  cash  with  order. 
H.  J.  JONES,  Ryecroft   Nurseries,  Lewisham,  S.E.I  3. 


BRUSSELS 

The  Wroxton,  tin   vry  ihst 
Darlington,  ilw.nf  lul.iist. 


SPROUTS. 


6y^ 


HAND-PICKED  SEED  POTATOES, 

SCOTCH     GROWN. 

Send  for  our  Illustrated  List.     It  will  interest  you. 

A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  POTATO  CROWING. 

TOM     E.     KING,     LTD., 

SEED    POrATO    GROWER, 
SOMERSHAM,     ST.     IVES,     HUNTS. 

Conti\iclor  to  His  Majesty's  Guvcrniiicnt. 


t.  \-fl  y  JToilllrt  ivi' 

CABBAGE. 

Ellam's  Early  Dwarf  Spring 
First  and  Best,  l«>t  for  Auluinu  mowing 
Blood  Red  Pickling,  larsir  solid  heads 
Drumhead  (Suvoy),  tust  lor  general  croi) 

CARROT. 

Early  Nantes,  fur  rarly  ciup 
James  Scarlet,  lir^-t  ^rlcetcd 
Scarlet  Intermediate,  b<^st  foi  exhibition 

CAULIFLOWER. 

Dean's  Early  Snowball,  -cl-cftd  Atiain 

AM   the  Year  Round,  v- ly  iii>tinrt,  latu*- ht-ail-^ 

Early   London,  1"-I  ftn  u<"iicral  u^c 

Veitch's  Autumn  Qiant,  htst  for  u-se  in  Autumn 

CELERY. 

AM   Leading  Varieties 

LEEK. 

The  Lyon,  Iiot  ami  larjzt-l 
Musselburgh,  fur  cini  nil  u-^f 

LETTUCE. 

AM  the  Year  Round,  oxct-H*'nt  and  rciiabli' 
Unique,  p'l'tty  flrll<d  foliatri-,  and  tcndci' 
Wonderful,  I<>rp-;  tend*  r  a  lonj;  timo 
Qiant  Paris  White  (Cos),  best  for  sumnn-.r 
Balloon  (Co^),  largest  of  all    . 

ONION. 

Excelsior  (trm),  packots  750  soods  6d.    .  . 

Ailsa  Craig,  packet^  750  seeds  6d. 

White  Spanish  or  Reading 

Bedfordshire  Champion    .  .  ... 

Qiant  Zittau,  iiin-  of  thr  tirst  ki'pprrs 

Qiant  White  Tripoli,  \n>x  fWit  wliitr  onion 

PARSNIP. 

Hollow  Crown,  ^prcjuliy  Mlrcfd.  . 

SPINACH. 

Summer  or  Winter    . 

SHALLOTS. 

Best  Selected  Roots  ... 

TURNIP. 

Model  White  Stone 

Extra  Early  Milan  Purple-top    .. 

Qolden  Ball 


'T  OZ. 

9d. 
9d. 
90, 


8d: 
lOdi^ 
lOd^ 

* 
8di.1 


1/- 
1/21 

lOd.l 

1'-' 

9d;i 

■t 

8di(; 
8d., 
8d.. 


er  pkt., 
6d.1 
6d.  I 
6d.  . 

per  oz.  1;6  I 

3dji 

per  oz. 
16. 

1|4I 


8d.  I 
8d. 
9d.  ! 
8d.J 
9d| 

B 

1/6  : 
1/8  i 
16  I 


1" 


per  oz. 
4do 


4d. 


per  lb. 
6d. 


6d. 
9d. 
6d. 


PEAS, 

liolli  1  6  per  piiil 

SCOTCH 


AND 

SEED 


BEANS, 

from  1/-  per  pint 

POTATOES. 


ALL    THE     LEAOINa     VARIETIES      AT      MODERATE 
PRICES.     See  Catalogue. 

.\LL    OTHKK     SKKllS     Eta  ALLV     CHE.\r     .A\D     GOOD. 


SWEET    PEAS     A 


SPECIALITY. 

LISTS 


THEIR     UNIQUE 

Post  Free  on  appMcation. 

ROBERT    SYDENHAM     LIMITED 


January  22,   1921. 


GARDEN. 


-^=^^^S^ 


WEBBS'   GOLD   MEDAL   SWEET    PEAS.— 

Awarded  Silver  Cup  and  Gold  Medal  for  flne^t  display  in  the 
show  at  the  National  Sweet  Pea  Society's  and  the  Birmingham 
Horticultural  Society's  (combined)  Show,  1920.  Twelve  named 
varieties  for  exhibition,  6/- ;  smaller  packet,  37-.  Eighteen 
named  Vurieties  for  exhibition,  10/-.  Webbs*  Selected  Larpe- 
flowering,  mixed,  8d.  per  packet ;  Is.  per  oz.  Post  free.  Webbs' 
garden  catalogue  post  free. — WEBB  &.  Sons,  Limited,  The 
King's  Seedsmen,  Stoctrbridge. 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shrubs,  Japanese  Cherries,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects, 
— John  Waterer,  Soss  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseries, 
Bagihot,  Surrey. 


WATERERS'  VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER 

SEEDS.  Scotch  grown  seed  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,   In  the   new  and   loading   varieties  of   Delphiniums 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


WATERERS'       FRUIT      TREES.  —  Magni- 

flcent   stock   of   250,000    trees.       Prospective    purchasers    are 
invited  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  Nurseries. 


WATERERS'     ROSES.  —  Superb     Stock. 

ToHS  "Waterer.  Sons  <&  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Twyford,  Berks. 


GREENHOUSE    PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

— "  VITEOLITE "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  233.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  Walter  Cakson  <t 
Sons,  Grove  Works,  Battersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


WELLS'   CHRYSANTHEMUM   CATALOGUE 

now    ready.     Post    free    on    application. — W.    Wells   &    Co., 
Chrysanthemum  Nurseries,  Morstham,  Surrey. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Reothe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


BOOKS       ON       GARDENING,       BOTANY, 

Natural    History,    Travel,    Sport,    etc.,    for    Sale   at    reduced 
prices.     Lists  free. — F.  G.  LAWSON,  20,  The  Crescent,  Triiro. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
manure.    See  advt.  on  p.  viii. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :    Plants  in  Health 

and  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
7s.  6d.  net,  by  post  8s.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
"ConNTRT  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


BURBAGE  ROSES.— Established  1773.     New 

Descriptive  LUt  of  over  one  thousand  ^a^ietie3  with  handsome 
colourod  plite,  0d.,  post  free. — The  burbaqe  Nurseries, 
Nr.  Hinckley,  Leicestershire. 


DUCKS,      GEESE      AND      TURKEYS,      by 

Will  Hooley,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The  Manager,  "  Coontrt  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 

BOILERS.— I  No.  4B  "  Junior  Robin  Hood." 

1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices  on  applica- 
tion.—Wa.  DUNOiN  TnoKBR  <Sr  Sons,  lid.,  Tottenham,  N.15. 


ROCK    GARDEN    P  L  A  N  T  S.— Where 

and  In  What  Soils  to  Plant  Them.  A  useful  guide  to  garden 
lovers,  with  catalogue,  48  pages,  post  free. — G.  R.  Phipps, 
Alpine  Nursery,  Barnbam,  Bognor. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vlnirlos,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied. 
Vanguard,  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipes 
Joints.'Flttinga,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free.— Thomas  Jeatons. 
Silver  Street  Works,  Brierlcy  Hill. 


BARRS'    SEED     GUIDE,    now    ready,  free. 

For  a  Select  List  of  the  best  vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of 
finest  Selected  Strains  and  Tested  Growth.  At  the  R.H.S. 
Wisley  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable  Seeds  have  received 
exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality,  many  having  been 
Higlily  Commended  and  several  given  First-class  Ortiflcates 
and  Awards  of  Merit.-BARK  &  Sons,  11,  12  <t  13,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calvx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogue  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
25.  6d.  and  5s.— J.  DOUGLAS,  Great  Bookham. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages,  ■to  illustrations.  2s.  6d.  net ; 
cloth  3s.  6d.  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  CoCNTRT  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND     FRUITS  : 

with  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitclien 
Fire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Life," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


SUTTON'S  VEGETABLE  SEEDS. 

By  hybridisation,  by  constant  selection  and  re-selection 
year  after  year  our  choice  strains  are  maintained  at  the 
liighest  standard  of  excellence. 

OuB  Speculity  for  the  Week. 

SUTTON'S  SUPER  PEA,  THE  "  V.C."      i 

The  largest  podded  Pea  in  cultivation.  I 

Per  packet,  2/6  ;  per  Jpt.,  3/6  ;  pt.,  5/6.1 

SUTTON  &  SONS,  THE  KING'S  SEEDSMEN,   READING.: 


KEL WAY'S    P.ffi:ONIES.  —  NOW    IS    THE; 

TI.ME  TO  PLANT.  AS  BEAUTIFUL  AS  ROSES,  BUT  AS' 
H.\RDY  AS  THE  DOCK.  HAVE  YOU  TRIED  THEM  t 
.4;*  one  walks  through  a  border  of  KELWAY'S  PEONIES' 
one  can  easily  Imagine  that  they  are  roses — giant  roses^' 
their  delicious  scent,  their  creamy-tinted  petals  flushed  with' 
pink,  and  their  bright  dark  foliage  are  exceptionally  delightful.' 
WRITE  TO  KELWAY'S  NOW,  and  procure  itrong 
named  plants  for  Immediate  planting,  then  you  will  be  rewarded 
with  good  clumps  and  beautiful  blossoms  In  early  summer 
KELWAY  &  SON,  THE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURISTS. 
LANGPORT,    SOMERSET. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of   Conser- 

vatorles,  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire  :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — Willum  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westmin.ster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  orna- 
mental garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  description.  Send 
for  Illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BOUITON  &  PAUL,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921 ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  COLE  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


TO  ROSE  GROWERS.— For  Sale,  the  whole 

of  an  amateur's  exhibition  out.1t ;  boxes,  shades,  stakes,  Ac. 
Also  about  100  good  half-standards  of  best  exhibition  T.'s,  and 
100  dwarf  best  T.'s,  and  H.T.'s  and  H.P.'s.  Reply  "  Medea," 
e/o  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London, 
W.C. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  Is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  pose  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


FOR     SALE  —  Lady's    strong    Land    Boots, 

Size    5 ;    almost    new.     Cost   50/-,    take   30/-.     Too  large  for 
oivner.     P.,  15,  St.  Mark's  Road,  Leamington. 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND  STRAWBERRIES.  New  catalogue,  containing 
novelties,  gratis.  Hints  on  planting  and  pruning,  2d  — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


KING'S     ACRE     SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
lor  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliability. — King's  Ache  Nubsebies,  Limited,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  In  flowers  and  vegetables. 
Including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  lid.  postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN,^ 

Edinburgli,  will  send  a  copy  of  their  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  ■ 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  paper  is  mentioned. 


BATH'S   SELECT  SEEDS   AND  PLANTS.— i 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds  I 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  mil  be  sent  post  free  on  application.  1 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies.— <Dept.  E.),  R.  H.  BATH,  i 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech.  : 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES  j 

should   be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and] 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application.  1 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  ANDi 

ALPINE      RHODODENDRONS     AND      AZALEAS.  Ne»; 

lists  free.  I 


WALLACE'S  LILIES,  TULIPS,  EREMURUS, 

Calochorti,  Narcissus.  Hyacinths,  Crocus,  etc.  Our  catalogue  I 
of  these  is  ready,  free  on  application. — R.  WALLACE  <S  Co.,  I 
LTD..  The  Old  Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Wells.  | 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 1 

DIALS,     NESTING    BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)      free.—  : 
MooRTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chtswick.  i 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  tliorouglily  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these! 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook,! 
is  now  ready.  Price  2s.  6d.  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  iai 
published  at  the  offices  of  "Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,1 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2.  j 


McDOUGALL'S     WINTER      WASH.  —  Un-^ 

rivalled  for  cleansing  fruit  trees  from  moss  and  lichen;  also' 
destroys  fungoid  spores,  hibernating  insects,  and  effectively 
checks  the  terrible  ravages  of  canker.  1  ga!L  drums,  to  i 
make  80  gall,  wash,  13s.  6d.  each  ;  quarts,  4s.  6d. ;  pints, 
2s.  9d.  From  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.  Send  for 
special  leaflet. — McDodgall  BROS.,  LTD.,  Port  Street, 
Manchester. 


McDOUGALL'S    «« FUMERS "    &    INSECn- 

CIDE    **  Sheets "    for   greenhouse    fumigation ;    safe,   effective 
and  economical.    Sold   by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.— 
MCDOUQALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  ^Lanchest^■^. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS     SPECIALITY.  —  List ' 

free. — Terry  Lee,  16,  .Morden  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham.  I 


FIDLER'S   NEW   ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  NOW 
READY;  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  Fidler  &  Sons,  Royal 
Berkshire  Seed  Store?,  Reading. 


«  CRANSTON'S    EXCELSIOR  "    &    «  AILSA 

CR.\IG "  ONIONS  are  the  best  in  commerce.  Seed  from 
finest  strains  obtainable  at  9d.,  1/-  and  2/6  per  packet  post 
free.  New  Illustrated  seed  catalogue  most  moderately  priced, 
free  on  request.  The  best  seeds  at  most  reasonable  prices. 
Kino's  Aorb  Nueseeies    Ijmited,  Hereford. 


RARE    ALPINES.— Cotyledon    simplicifolius, 

1/-:  Dianthu.^  neglectus,  Od. ;  Cerastijm  \1losum,  9d. ; 
Delphinium  tatsienense,  1/-;  Hyperiomn  cuneatum,  1/3; 
Pentstemon  linarloides,  9d. ;  Sedum  pllosum,  6d. ;  Lychnis 
alpina.  6d. ;  Haageana,  9d. ;  Arkwrightl,  1'-;  G\-psophlU 
arotioides.  9d.— R.  TUCKER  <Sr  SONS.  Nursemnen.  Ox'fold. 


FLOWER    POTS.— 10  8in.,   15  6in.,  15  sin., 

15  4in.,  15  31n.,  complete,  packed  free,  15s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — Thos.  Jkatoss,  Potteries,  Brlerley 
Hill. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   22,   1921. 


*KZD*<ZD*CID* 


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MCcU 

Were  it  possible  to  describe  in  a  few 
words  the  history  of  the  evolution  of  the 
modern  varieties  of  Vegetables  it  would 
afford  a  story  of  extraordinary  interest. 

In  the  hands  of  experts,  remarkable  strides 
have  been  made  and  to-day  "  Sutton's  Vege- 
tables" hold  an  enviable  reputation  both  for 
productiveness  and  for  delicacy  of  flavour. 
Our  strains  are  maintained  at  their  high 
standard  of  excellence  by  constant  selection 
and  re-selection  year  after  year,  until,  as 
is  of  ten  the  case,  they  become  improvements 
on  the  variety  as  originally  introduced. 


M 


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THE    KING'S    SEEDS.MEN, 

READING. 


[— E  S— t  T— 1 1— r  T— 1 


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«MMmwiMlMIAMMMM%illMWM 


WATERERS' 
SUPER 

SEEDS 


for 


VEGETABLE 


AND 


FLOWER     GARDENS. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Garden  Guide 
Free  on  application. 

SCOTCH    GROWN 
SEED   POTATOES 

aire  quoted  at  extremely 
advantageous  pates.  Our 
stock  is  of  the  finest  qual- 
ity we  have  ever  handled. 

PROMPT    DESPATCH. 

SATISFACTION     GUARANTEED. 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP,  LTD., 


SEED    MERCHANTS,   TWYFORD,   BERKS.    | 


JANUARY 

All  gardeners  should  now  get  busy  with 
Canary  Guano,  which  is  a  food  for  all  plant 
life.  Attention  should  be  given  to  Cabbages, 
Onions,  Rhubarb,  all  Herbaceous  Plants, 
Ornamental  Shrubs,  and  the  Lawn.  The  soil 
between  Strawberry  Beds  should  be  dressed 
with  Canary  Guano.  It  does  not  "  burn." 
Canary  Guano  is  the  ideal  fertilizer  for  renova- 
ting worn  lawns,  and  it  will  have  the  effect  of 
improving  the  quality  of  the  grasses  and  pro- 
ducing a  healthy  growth  for  tliecoming  season. 

Cuano 

obtainable  from  all  Seedsmen  in  Cartons.  1  -  each. 
Bags  :71b..  3/6  ;  14  lb.,  6/6  ;  28  1b..  11/-;  56  lb.,  19;  ; 
1  cwt  ,  35/  ,  or  dire  t  from  the  makers. 
Write  tc-iliiy  for  FREE  Booklet  No.lt  containing 
full  purtictihirs  of  Canary  Guano  li'tth  Garden 
Diary  for  the  year,  post  fiee  o'l  application. 

CHEMICAL    UNION    LTD.,    IPSWICH. 


>® 

m 


tV.: 


~^:S'i 


Sccils  for  early  Sowing 
under  Glass. 
BEST    TOMATOES    (BIDES 
RECRUIT).— We    have  grown 
this    alongside    other    varieties 
for  market  work,  and  consider 
it   the    heaviest    bearer   of  all, 
■while  the  quality   is  first  rate. 
6d.  and  1  -per  pkt. 
CARTERS  SUNRISE,  a  fine 
variety    carrying  long    regular 
bunches  of  medium-sized  fruit, 
colour    and    flavour    not    sur- 
passed hy  any  variety.    3d.  and 
Gd.  per  pkt. 

KONDINE  RED.  A  fairly 
large  tomato  of  good  shape, 
colour  and  quality,  and  a  tre- 
mendous cropper.  Much  grown 
in  Guernsey.  A  M  R .H .S .  \Q\6 
UP-TO-DA  TE,  a  very  heavy 
cropper,  plant  robust  but  short- 
jointed,  good  quality.  3d.  and 
Gd.  per  pkt. 

ONION  AILSA  CRAIG.— For 
exhibition  and  general  use.  Per 
pkt  ed.,peroz.3l-. 
CUCUMBERS.  —  Every  Day, 
Lochie's  Perfection,  Selected 
Telegraph,  Matchless,  Sensa- 
tion. All  6d.  and  Ij-  per  pkt. 
Please  send  postage  for  amounts 
under  2/- 

Catalogue  free  on  application. 
J.  R.  Pearson  &Sons, 
Lowdham. 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


4VJp5 


Notes  From  Maidstone. 

PEACH  LEAF  CURL. 

The  fungus  causing  blister 
and  curl  of  the  leaves  of  the 
Peach,  Nectarine  and  allied 
trees  tvill  be  familiar  to  all 
gardeners.  For  this  disease  it 
is  necessary  to  spray  before 
the  buds  open,  and  the  succ.ss 
of  Medela  as  a  specific  for 
preventing  attack  has  been  its 
OTvn  recommendation,  and  it 
is  only  necessary  to  remind 
those  interested  to  obtain 
Medela  NOW,  before  the 
opportunity  for  spraying  has 
passed.  Medela  should  be 
diluted  I  part  to  i6  parts  soft 
water,  and  is  obtainable  only 
from  us  in  i  quart  cam,  3/-  ; 
i  gallon,  4/6 ;  i  gallon,  yl6  ; 
2  gallons,  126  ;   cans  free. 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


RYDERS 
SWEET   PEAS 

FOR  EXHIBITION 

Ryders  Catalogue  for  1921 
includes  the  largest  and  most 
complete  list  of  varieties  yet 
offered.  They  are  true  to  name 
and  type  and  are  seeds  that 
will  grow. 

FOR  THE  GARDEN 

Besides  the  latest  novelties  and 
the  best  of  the  older  sorts 
Ryders  offer  24  varieties  of 
Early-flowering  Spencer  Peas 
which  come  into  flower  before  the 
others  and  are   most  decorative 

FOR  CUT  BLOOM 

The  Catalogue  also  contains 
many  interesting  flower  and 
vegetable  seed  novelties  not 
sold  elsewhere.  Spores  of  a 
number  of  valuable  Ferns. 
Seeds  of  rare  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

CATALOGUE  FREE 

If  you  have  not  received  a  copy  of  Ryders 
1921  Catalogue   send   post   card  to-day  to 

Ryders,  Seed  Dept.  11,  St.  Albans. 

(Ryder  S  Son  0920)  Ltd.) 


c:Ml'H^^ 


^t 


No.   2566.— Vol.  LXXXV] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[January  22,  1921. 


M 


[  ANY   and   varied   are  the  articles 
appearing  in  this   week's   issue. 
The    subjects    range    from    the 
pruning   of   Apple   trees   to   the 
planting   of   Clematises — from  a 
northern   grower's  experience  in  Chrysan- 
themum  growing  to  the  raising  of  early 
vegetables — from   the   sun-loving   Cistuses 
to    plants    that    will    thrive    in    a    shady 
garden.       It   is   our   intention   that   every 
department  of  horticulture  shall  be  repre- 
sented  in   The   Garden.      We  take  this 
opportunity  of  inviting  readers  to  express 
their  views  on  gardening  matters  and  to 
send  in   questions  upon  which  they  wish 
advice  from  recognised  authorities.    Among 
the  features  of    next    week's 
issue  will  be  special    articles 
on    Sweety  Peas,  "  Cultivation 
of  Irises  in  Pans, "   "Beautiful 
Greenhouse       Plants        from 
Seed,"    "  Annuals  to  Fill  the 
Gaps,"  and  the  "  Distances  to 
Planf  Out  Annuals."    Garden- 
ing,   of   all  arts    and  hobbies, 
lends    itself    to    mutual    co- 
operation.      We  hope,  there- 
fore,   that    readers    will    give 
enquirers      the       benefit      of 
their    knowledge     and     e  x  - 
perience. 

Luculia  gratissima. — ^There  is  a 
fairly  large  specimen  of  this  beauti- 
ful evergreen  shrub  from  the  Hima- 
layas now'fiowering  in  a  bed  in  the 
conservatory  at  Kew.  The  flowers 
are  rose  coloured,  and  delightfully 
fragrant.  This  plant  is  adaptable 
for  pot  culture,  but  thrives  best  in 
a  bed  or  border  in  the  greenhouse. 
in  a  compost  of  loam,  peat  and 
sand.  During  the  summer  months 
it  should  be  afforded  plenty  of 
water,  but  between  December 
the  time  of  pruning,  and  April, 
the  season  of  starting,  water 
should  be  withheld.  Old  plants 
may  be  pruned  severely  after 
flowering,  as  the  new  growths 
bear  flowers  at  their  extremities 
the  following  autumn.  Propaga- 
tion is  effected,  though  not 
without  failures,  by  cuttings 
of  the  young  shoots  taken  in 
midsummer,  inserted  under  a  bell 
glass  and  placed  in  bottom  heat 
for  a  week  or  so,  or  by  sowing  im- 
ported seeds  in  soil  on  the  sandy 
side  and  placing  them  in  heat 
during  spring  or  summer.  A    FRAGRANT 


A  Useful  Greenhouse  Plant.— When  half 
light  prevails,  as  it  often  does  during  the  dull 
days  of  winter,  the  orange-tinted  flowers  of 
Reinwardtia  trigyna  seem  to  stand  out  most 
conspicuously.  1 1  has  long  been  known  in  gardens 
under  the  name  of  Linum  trigynum.  Another 
species,  R.  tetragyna,  has  primrose  yellow  flowers 
with  yellow  centre  and  four  styles  instead  of  three 
as  in  R.  trigyna.  Which  is  the  most  beautiful 
is  a  matter  of  opinion,  but  as  they  require  little 
space  and  their  cultural  requirements  are 
not  at  all  exacting,  a  place  should  be  found 
for  both.  Cuttings  should  be  struck  early  in 
the  year. 

Hamamelis  mollis. — Visitors  to  the  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens,    Kew,   should   make   a  point   of 


seeing  this  shrub,  which,  at  the  present  time,  mid- 
January,  is  a  mass  of  colour,  every  branch  being 
laden  with  fragrant  golden  blossoms,  the  fragrance 
being  noticeable  from  a  considerable  distance. 
There  are  plants  near  the  main  entrance,  others 
near  King  William's  Temple  and  others  among 
the  collection  of  Buxus  near  the  back  of  the 
Temperate  House.  The  last  are  the  most  attrac- 
tive of  all,  for  the  plants  are  very  vigorous  and 
last  year's  wood  is  laden  with  blossoms  from  end  to 
end.  This  is  by  far  the  best  of  the  Hamamelis 
and  its  value  is  fast  becoraii>g  appreciated,  although 
for  many  years  after  its  original  introduction  it  was 
confined  to  a  comer  in  the  Coombe  Wood  Nursery 
and  almost  escaped  notice.  It  is  a  native  of 
Western  China  and  there  grows  30  feet  high.     It 

succeeds     in    good,    well    drained, 

loamy  soU. 

The  Alpine  House  at   Kew. — 

This  house  has  recently  been  opened 
to  the  public,  and  here  are  to  be 
found  some  interesting  plants  now 
flowering  in  pots  and  pans.  The 
rock  garden  is  interesting  at  all 
seasons  of  the  year,  but  at  the  pre- 
sent time,  when  there  is  a  scarcity 
of  bloom  in  this  deparment,  the 
Alpine  House  fiUs  the  somewhat 
vacant  gap.  Among  the  plants  now 
in  flower  are  Iris  Danfordiap,  whose 
bright  golden  yellow  flowers  spotted 
with  brown  are  very  attractive ;  Iris 
histrioides,  I.  h.  major ;  Galanthus 
Elwesi,  a  charming  Snowdrop ; 
Crocus  I mperati,  Ulac  purple  inside 
with  three  dark  purple  stripes  on 
the  outer  segments,  fragrant ;  C. 
Sieberi,  lilac  and  gold  with  bright 
yellow  stamens ;  C.  Fleischer!, 
yellow  and  purple ;  C.  chrysanthus 
and  its  many  varieties  ;  C.  biflorus, 
the  Scotch  Crocus,  and  several 
varieties ;  C.  susianus,  orange ; 
Helleborus  niger,  the  Christmas 
Rose,  the  beauty  of  whose  flowers 
are  much  enhanced  when  given  the 
protection  of  glass ;  Adonis  amu- 
rensis.  Pheasant's  Eye,  flowers 
bright  yellow ;  Bulbocodium  ver- 
num,  rosy  purple  ;  and  the  Winter 
Heliotrope  Petasites  fragrans, 
whos^  fragrant  pale  lilac  flowers 
are  exceedingly  charming. 


GREENHOUSE     SHRUB     (LUCULIA     GRATISSIMA). 


FORTHCOMING   EVENTS. 

January  25. — Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society's  Fortnightly  Meeting. 

January  26. — Irish  Gardeners' 
Association    Meeting. 


40 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  22,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 

{The  Editor  is  not  responsible  ^or  the  opinions  expressed  by  correspondents!) 


HOME-MADE  PLANT  LABELS. 

r^UITE  useful  labels  can  be  made  by  taking 
off  a  slice  of  tlie  bark  and  wood  with  a  knife 
from  shoots  of  Hazel,  Ash,  Birch,  Wych  Elm, 
Larch  and  any  such  that  grow  in  woods  and 
hedgerows  to  the  required  size.  These  labels  pre- 
sent quite  a  smooth  surface,  easy  to  write  upon, 
and,  even  in  the  open,  last  quite  a  long  time,  as 
they  are  of  the  full  thickness  of  the  stake 
employed,  less  a  shaving  on  one  side  to  allow  of 
easy  pressure  into  the  soil. — E.   M. 

THE    FRUITING  OF    AKEBIA  QUINATA. 

T  ENCLOSE  a  fruit  of  Akebia  qui.iata,  thinking 
a  description  of  it  may  interest  some  of  your 
readers  wlio,  like  myself,  have  not  seen  or  heard 
of  its  fruiting.  The  creeper  is  growing  in  a  cool 
conservatory  and  the  fruits  hanging  down  from  the 
roof  give  it  a  very  ornamental  appearance.  The 
plant  has  been  in  its  present  position  about  ten 
years  and  this  is  the  first  time  of  its  fruiting.  It  has 
flowered  freely  each  year  and  the  fragrance  of  its 
fleshy  claret  coloured  flowers  fills  the  house. 
Is  the  fruit  edible  ?■ — James  Hopkins,  The  Gardens, 
High   Cross,    Framfield,   Sks^cx. 

[Akebia  qtiinata  is  a  vigorous  evergreen  climber, 
a  native  of  China,  Japan  and  Corea.  It  appears 
to  be  perfectly  hardy,  at  least  on  a  wall  in  most 
parts  of  Britain,  though  stripped  of  its  evergreen 
leaves  during  severe  frosts.  Plants  are  sometimes 
heard  of  fruiting  outside  in  the  South  and  \^'est, 
but  as  the  flowers  are  produced  in  early  spring 
they  are  often  spoilt  by  frosts.  It  has  distinct 
male  and  female  blossoms,  but  both  are  produced 
on  one  raceme,  the  females  much  larger  than  the 
males.  The  fruits  are  thick,  sausage  shape, 
purplish  in  colour  and  about  3  inches  long.  The 
numerous  seeds  it  contains  debars,  or  at  least 
detracts,  from  its  value,  if  it  has  any,  as  an  edible 
fruit.— Ed.] 

THE     POHUTUKAWA     OR     CHRISTMAS 

BUSH    OF    NEW    ZEALAND. 

T^HE     exceedingly    interesting    and     acceptable 
note  which  appeared  in  the  Christmas  Number 
of  The  Garden  from  "  W,  S.  C."  on  the  subject 
of  the  Australian  Christmas  Bush  (Ceratopetalum 
gummiferum)    has    reminded  me    that   the    sister 
Dominion    of    New    Zealand    also    has   its  Christ- 
mas Bush,   an  exceedingly  beautiful  sub- arboreal 
member    of    the    extensive   and   various   Metro- 
sideros    or     "  Rata "    family,    though    I    cannot 
now    remember    the    specific    name    of    the    tree. 
Possibly   it   is   M.   speciosa.     The   Maori  name   is 
Pohutukawa.     Anyhow,     it     is     an     exceedingly 
beautiful  thing,  confined,  I  think,  as  a  native  plant 
to  the  North  Island  (though  it  survives  a  Southern 
winter)    and,    as  far  as  I   remember,  to  the  more 
northern  parts  of  the  Nortli  Island.     It  is  abundant 
on  the  shores  of  the  Hauraki  Gulf,  at  the  extremity 
of  which  Auckland  is  situated,  and  nowhere  more 
plentiful  and  beautiful  than  in  the  little  island  of 
Kawan,    at   one  time,   during   the   recluse   period 
of  his  life,  the  property  and  residence  of  Sir  George 
Grey.     The  tree  furnishes  a  tough  timber  and  is 
rematkable  for  its  habit  of  forming  sharp-angled 
elbow  joints,  so  that  it  used  to  be,  in  early  Colonist 
days,   much   in  request  for   the  skeleton   part  of 
boat-building,     and,     consequently,     considerable 
inroads  were  made  upon  the  tree.     In  Sir  George 
Grey's   Island,    however,    tlie    Pohutukawas   were 
sacred.     No  one  might  touch  them.     Consequently 
the  trees  were  larger  and  finer  than  those  on  the 
mainland  opposite.     This  Rata  is  strictly  littoral 


in  its  habitat,  loving  especially  to  anchor  itself 
on  a  sea-blufi  and  to  stretch  its  gnarled  branches 
over  the  tidal  rocks,  so  that  in  Kawan  you  may 
feast  on  rock-oysters  in  the  shadow  of  the  trees. 
The  foliage  of  tlie  New  Zealand  Christmas  Bush, 
as  I  remember  it,  somewhat  resembles  that  of  the 
Olive,  and  its  crimson  Myrtle  blooms  are  arranged 
in  clusters  of  the  bottle-brush  order.  If  the  tree 
of  which  I  speak  is  Metrosideros  speciosa  (though 
I  fear  it  is  not),  it  is  in  cultivation  in  this  country 
and  is  listed  in  the  exceptionally  fine  shrub 
catalogue  of  V.  N.  Gauntlett  and  Co.,  Limited. — 
A.  W. 

[The  Maori  name,  "  Pohutukawa,"  is  applied  to 
Metrosideros  tomentosa,  a  stout,  much-branched 
tree.  30  feet  to  .(o  feet  high,  which,  according  to 
"  The  Flora  of  New  Zealand,"  by  Hooker,  is 
common  on  rocky  shores  of  the  Northern  Island. 
To  the  Colonists  it  is  known  as  Fire  Tree  on  account 
of  the  brilliancy  of  its  flowers,  but  we  do  not  remem- 
ber the  name  "  Clu'istmas  Bush  "  in  connection 
with  it.  Several  species  of  Metrosideros  are  known 
under  the  name  Rata.  The  genus  belongs  to  the 
Myrtle  order,  and.  farther,  the  tree  in  question 
is  under  cultivation  at  Kew.  being  included  in  the 
list  of  Tender  Dicotyledons. — Ed.1 

T  WAS  so  interested  in  the  Australian  Cliristmas 
Bush  article,  familiar  as  it  is  to  me  as  long  as 
I  can  remember.  Christmas  was  never  Christmas 
without  it.  and  it  is  such  a  jolly  bright  mass  of 
colour,  sort  of  rosy  cherry  in  a  star-shaped  pointed 
flower  about  as  big  as  a  sixpence,  but  growing 
thickly  in  masses  and  very  decorative,  with  a  long, 
thin  pointed  leaf.  I  loved  it  always.  I  wonder 
if  it  could  not  be  grown  at  Kew  ? — Lucy. 

(The  Australian  Christmas  Bush,  Ceratopetalum 
gummiferum,  is  grown  at  Kew. — -Ed.] 

STERNBERGIA    LUTEA. 

T  RATHER  infer  from  Sir  Herbert  .Maxwell's 
note  on  page  2,  issue  January  i,  that  he  never 
has  any  flowers  on  his  Sternbergias.  I  am 
surprised  at  this,  as  until  this  last  autumn  my 
bulbs  have  given  me  a  fair  sprinkling  of  bloom 
ever  since  they  came  from  Colesboume,  some 
four  or  five  years  ago.  and  I  should  have  thought 
what  was  possible  here  in  Maelor  would  have 
been  possible  at  Monreith.  Last  autumn,  how- 
ever, I  had  not  a  single  flower,  and,  what  to  me 
was  far  more  aggravating,  I  had  ordy  a  very  few 
indeed  on  my  Nerines,  which  hitherto  have  given 
me  any  quantity  of  bloom,  and  whose  cultivation 
I  did  think  we  had  mastered.  I  am  inclined  to 
put  down  my  blanlc  autumn  in  both  cases  to  the 
damp,  sunless  summer,  which  I  presume  interfered 
with  the  proper  ripening  of  the  bulbs.  As  I 
write  I  am  on  the  tiptoe  of  expectation  about  my 
Freesias.  Will  they,  too,  follow  suit  ?  What  is 
sauce  for  the  goose  is  sauce  for  the  gander,  and 
both  Nerines  and  Freesias  are  Cape  bulbs.  I 
ought  to  say  that  the  Sternbergias  grow  in  a 
4  foot  border  at  the  bottom  of  a  south  wall  and 
among  tlie  roots  of  a  Jefferson  Plum.  I  think 
reports  from  other  Nerine  and  Freesia  growers 
would  be  of  interest. — Joseph  Jacob. 

TT  is  well  that  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell  should  have 
given  a  warning  to  those  who  attempt  to  grow 
the  above-named  plant  that  they  may  meet  with 
disappointment  (page  2).  My  grandfather  flowered 
it  well  on  a  dry  south  border,  and  my  father  grew 
and  flowered  it  every  year  for  thirty  years  in  a 
similar  position  about  two  miles  distant.  The 
clumps  were  never  disturbed,  and  although  a 
summer-house  was    erected  which   shaded   one  of 


them,  the  flowers  were  produced  as  freely  as 
before.  They  grew  in  a  light  gritty  soil  such  as 
is  used  for  Carnations.  During  the  last  twenty- 
five  years  I  have  from  time  to  time  obtained  the 
bulbs  from  various  nurserymen,  and  have  planted 
them  under  similar  conditions  and  have  never 
had  even  a  solitary  flower.  I  have  come  to  the 
conflusion  they  have  been  collected  from  the 
wrong  place  at  the  wrong  time.  Mr.  William 
Robinson  wri.es  in  "  The  Eng.lisli  Flower  Garden  " 
that  "  the  bulbs  must  be  large  before  they  will 
flower  freely,  and  imported  bulbs  are  generally 
small."  S.  lutea  is  a  native  of  Palestine,  and 
grows  in  the  valleys  where  the  bulbs  get  a  thorough 
baking.  S.  colchidflora,  which  was  cultivated 
by  Parkinson,  .trows  in  dry  and  exposed  positions 
in  the  Crimea  and  is  far  more  likely  to  succeed 
here  than  a  variety  removed  from  a  warmer 
climate.  The  type  has  sulphur  flowers,  but  those 
of  the  varieties  known  as  S.  dalmatica  and  pulchella 
are  rich  yellow.  Mr.  Robinson  also  mentions 
a  variety  of  S.  lutea  named  angustifolia,  which 
he  describes  as  "  X'ery  free  flowering."  This  very 
desirable  variety  may  have  been  the  one  obtained 
and  grown  at  Hoddesdon  by  my  grandfather  for 
so  many  years,  but  it  has  not  been  my  good 
fortune  to  meet  with  it.  The  Sternbergias  are 
so  beautiful  that  I  would  suggest  growing  them 
in  a  deep  pan  in  a  sunny  greenhouse  where  they 
could  be  left  undisturbed.  If  the  bulbs  then 
developed  the  flowering  habit,  the  pan  could  be 
sunk  in  a  south  border,  and  after  they  had  in  this 
way  been  acclimatised  the  clump  might  be  carefully 
turned  out.  If  some  could  be  imported  from 
Medoc  when  the  bulbs  were  at  rest  and  quickly 
planted  again,  they  would,  I  think,  be  far  more 
likely  to  succeed  than  any  sent  from  the  Far  East. 
The  bulbs  appear  to  like  being  rather  overcrowded, 
and  should  not  be  given  a  rich  soil.  I  should  be 
grateful  to  any  reader  who  has  bulbs  which  have 
flowered  if  he  will  kindly  inform  me  where  the 
bulbs  were  obtained. — H.  H.  Warner,  Hoddesdon, 
Herts. 

APPLES. 
TN  your  issue  of  January  8.  page  24.  "  H.  C' 
has  a  note  lieaded  "  Dessert  Apples  "  ;  but. 
as  is  well  known,  I  am  of  the  same  mind  as  Mr. 
W.  Robinson  that  if  an  Apple  is  not  good  to  eat 
raw  it  is  not  good  cooked.  There  is  not  a  finer 
cooking  Apple  in  existence  than  Blenheim  Orange, 
and  how  good  it  is  in  its  natural  state  !  As  regards 
Ellison's  Orange,  which  he  thinks  well  of,  I  have 
not  yet  seen  the  fruit ;  but  I  have  grafted  some 
trees  with  it  which  grow  strongly  enough  so  far. 
Of  this  Apple  Mr.  E.  A.  Bunyard  says  ;  "  Of 
fair  flavour  ...  is  of  good  flavour  for  a  short 
period,"  which  seems  to  me  not  exactly  a  high 
opinion  of  this  variety,  and  hence  growers  would 
evidently  do  well  to  be  cautious  before  planting 
to  a  great  extent.  What  do  other  readers  think 
of  this  Apple  ?  James  Grieve  is  an  Apple  that 
I  have  praised  on  the  strength  of  some  extra  well 
ripened  specimens  ;  but  I  must  confess  that  on 
the  whole  it  is  disappointing.  In  an  extra  warm 
year  or  locality  it  may  develop  its  really  fine 
quality,  but  on  the  average  it  is  an  inferior  fruit 
and,  as  Mr.  E.  A.  Bunyard  points  out  in  "  A 
Handbook  of  Fruits,"  it  is  liable,  at  any  rate  in 
the  south,  to  fall  prematurely,  as  I  know  from 
experience  to  be  the  case.  Gravenstein  is  an  Apple 
that  I  think  most  highly  of ;  it  beats  most 
competitors  in  its  pleasant  texture  and  flavour, 
and  it  is  a  strong  grower.  I  am  not  yet  able  to 
speak  from  experience  of  its  cropping  qualities, 
but  if  it  bore  even  only  a  quarter  crop  it  is  indis- 
pensable to  any  lover  of  a  really  good  Apple. 
The  mention  of  Mr.  Bunyard's  useful  little  book 
reminds  me  that  he  distinctly  proves  that 
Blenheim  Orange  is  not  the  same  Apple  as  Wood- 
stock   Pippin,    or   as    Beauty   of   Hants,    a   point 


January  22,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


41 


which  I  have  always  insisted  on,  though  once  or 
twice  severely  handled  or  "  pendled,"  if  I  may 
coin  a  word,  for  doing  so.  Woodstock  Pippin 
is  not  as  good  an  Apple,  but  is  worth  having. 
People  should  be  very  careful  to  know  all  that 
can  be  said  both  for  or  against  a  fruit  before 
planting  it,  and  I  think  Mr.  Bunyard  is  on  the 
whole  very  reliable  in  his  descriptions  in  this 
respect,  though  I  hope  tliat  in  future  editions  he 
may  in  some  cases  find  room  to  amplify.  It  is 
to  some  e.\tent  remarkable  that,  without  any 
knowledge  of  what  others  had  done  in  this  respect, 
I  have  myself  observed  the  distinguishing  charac- 
teristics of  the  leaves  of  different  varieties  of 
Apples,  such  as  I  find  given  in  iMr.  Bunyard's 
book.  The  large  Crabs  which  masquerade  as 
cooking  Apples  are  to  me  only  of  interest  as 
freaks  :  an  Apple  that  does  not  provide  its  own 
sugar  is  of  poor  value  as  food  from  a  health  point 
of  view.  I  should  like  to  warn  people  who  love 
quality  against  growing  that  usually  much  praised 
fraud  Ben's  Red  ;  I  find  it  worthless  for  quality. 
The  Sops  in  Wine  described  by  Mr.  Bunyard  is 
not  the  variety  known  as  such  in  Cornwall.  The 
Cornish  Apple  may  be  the  real  "  Sops  in  Wine," 
as  it  corresponds  in  worth  to  an  Apple  fit  to  be 
specially  mentioned  by  Shakespeare.  It  resembles 
St.  Edmund's  Russet,  though  I  think  St.  Edmund's 
is  the  best  of  the  two.  I  am  surprised  that  St. 
Edmund's  is  not  grown  for  market ;  it  is  a  good 
and  regular  bearer,  of  first-class  quality,  of  good 
medium  size  and  attractive  appearance,  and  not 
subject  to  diseases  and  pests,  so  far  as  I  have 
tested  it.  Rosemary  Russet  is  fine  for  late  use. 
People  in  the  North  of  England  think  that  the 
Coniish  climate  should  produce  finer  fruit  than  in 
their  vicinity ;  but  Cornwall  is  on  the  average 
cooler  in  summer,  at  any  rate  on  the  uplands  and 
north  coast,  than  the  Midlands  of  England,  and 
fruits  ripen  rather  late  where  I  live  and  not  fully 
in  some  seasons  of  limited  sunshine.  "  Light  and 
invigorating "  is  the  truest  description  of  our 
atmospliere  in  the  summer-time — very  different 
to  the  Midlands.— W.  J.   Farmer,  Redruth. 

SHORTAGE  OF  BERRIES  ON  HOLLY. 

"  A  COSTER "  is  wrong  so  far  as  this  district 
is  concerned  (page  13),  we  had  plenty  of 
berries  before  the  snowstorm  last  month,  but 
before  the  snow  had  disappeared  tlie  birds  had 
eaten  all  the  berries. — G.  C,  Alverstoke,  Hants. 

BOTANY     FROM     A     CHAR-A-BANCS. 

TV/TY  acquaintance  with  The  Garden  cannot 
be  termed  a  long  one,  extending  as  it  does,  as 
yet,  only  for  one  year.  If,  however,  I  am  not  an 
old  reader,  I  can  claim  at  least  to  be  an  ardent 
and  an  interested  one  and  look  forward  week  by 
week  to  the  arrival  of  my  copy.  Of  the  many 
interesting  articles  which  have  appeared  from  time 
to  time  none  has  given  me  more  delight  than  the 
one,  "  Botany  from  a  Char-4-bancs."  I  appreciate, 
as  only  a  true  Comishman  can  do.  much  of  what 
"  Somers  "  has  vvritten,  but  I  am  bound  to  point 
out  in  justice  to  the  flora  of  Cornwall  a  few  errors 
respecting  the  sanie  contained  in  that  contribution. 
Having  lived  at  Penzance  for  upwards  of  twenty 
years  I  think  I  can  claim  to  have  taken  more 
"  extensive  plant-hunts  on  foot  "  than  "  Somers," 
and  can  assure  him  that  within  a  distance 
of  less  than  two  miles  east,  west  or  north  of 
Penzance  I  can  locate  many  places  where,  in  season, 
Primroses  are  as  the  stars  in  the  heavens.  And 
as  for  Wild  Roses,  what  fairy  poured  a  mystic 
juice  on  "  Somers'  "  eyes  to  hide  these  from  view  ; 
or,  perhaps,  a  surplus  of  Cornish  cream  and  Black- 
berry jam  somewhat  blurred  his  vision.  Did  these 
"  plant-hunts  on  foot "  ever  lead  to  Trevayler 
Bottoms,    near   Gulval,    or   to    the    lanes    around 


Heamoor,  Madron  or  Newlyn  ?  There  is  one 
lane  that  I  have  in  mind  particularly  where  I 
have  seen  gorgeous  and  profuse  displays  of  the 
Dog  Sweet  Briar  Rose.  It  is  situated  between 
Gwinear  Road  Station  and  the  village  of  Camhell 
Green.  Concerning  the  entire  Ivy  leaf,  which 
bears  flower  and  fruit,  "  Somers  "  states  :  "  This 
latter  phase  of  growth  is  not  often  seen  in  the  Ivies 
of  the  Cornish  Coast."  The  correctness  of  this 
remark  lies  to  a  great  extent  in  the  interpretation 
of  the  word  "  coast."  If  the  "  coast  line "  is 
meant  I  agree,  but  if  roads  traversed  on  a  char-S- 
bancs  ride  are  meant,  tlien  I  cannot  agree.  Since 
reading  this  article  I  have  cycled  from  here  (near 
the  Lizard)  to  Penzance,  have  ridden  in  one  of  these 
chars-4-bancs  from  Penzance  to  Gurwards  Head 
and  St.  Ives,  thence  to  Penzance  again;  have 
ridden  a  cycle  from  Penzance  to  Hayle  and  back 
to  my  starting  point,  and  the  instances  where  I 
noted  this  particular  form  of  Ivy  leaf  were  much 
too  numerous  to  count.  I  can  well  imagine 
"  Somers"  not  finding  Wahlenbergia  hederacea  near 
the  sea.  On  reference  to  my  John's  "  Flowers  of  the 
Field  "  I  find  a  note  that  I  had  picked  this  delightful 
but  extremely  dehcate  plant  at  Boligey  Moor, 
about  six  miles  from  Helston,   ofl  the  road  from 


course,  small  and  out  of  character,  so  much  so 
that  I  am  uncertain  as  to  the  variety,  but  think 
it  is  Gesueriana  lutea  pallida.  The  bulbs  were 
planted  in  1919  and  left  undisturbed  last  summer. 
I  see  several  other  buds  in  various  stages  of  develop- 
ment in  this  patch,  and  am  quite  at  a  loss  to  account 
for  their  precocity.  Our  summer  was  quite 
exceptionally  sunless,  cool  and  wet,  so  that  the 
bulbs  would  not  have  been  more  than  usually 
well  ripened.  October  was  the  only  mouth  in 
which  we  enjoyed  good  weather  above  the  average, 
but  it  is  difficult  to  assign  the  cause  to  weather 
conditions  of  any  kind,  as  the  case  seems  isolated  ; 
Daffodils,  Snowdrops  and  other  things  being  in 
no  case  more  advanced  than  is  usual  at  this  date 
here. — Guy  L.  Wilson,  Broughshane,  County 
A  nirim. 

TULIPA     SAXATILIS. 

T)  LADING  about  Tulipa  saxatilis  lately  in  The 
Garden,  perhaps  some  of  your  readers 
would  like  to  know  how  it  does  in  this  part  of 
the  world.  A  few  years  ago  I  imported  half 
a  dozen  bulbs  from  Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons.  As 
soon  as  the  bulbs  got  established  they  grew  most 
vigorously.     I     am    sending    you    a    photograph 


A     BED     OF     THE     RARE     TULIPA     SAXATILIS. 


there  to  Falmouth,  in  July,  1914.  Since  then  I 
have  not  seen  it. — G.  Matthews,  Carrabone, 
Mawgan,  Cornwall. 

A     PRECOCIOUS     TULIP. 

T  HAVE  been  much  interested  by  the  recent 
notes  from  Mrs.  Williams  of  Scorrier,  Cornwall, 
and  Mr.  W.  A.  Watts  of  St.  Asaph,  North  Wales, 
recording  the  extraordinarily  precocious  flowering 
of  Narcissi ;  indeed,  when  Mrs.  Williams'  note 
appeared  I  was  so  much  astonished  that  I  took 
the  liberty  of  writing  to  her  to  ask  what  the  variety 
was.  She  most  kindly  sent  me  a  bunch  of  the 
flowers  to  see ;  they  proved  to  be  a  Tazetta 
variety  with  white  perianth  and  orange  yellow 
crown.  I  found  a  case  of  precociousness  in  our 
own  garden  here  on  December  31,  which  I  think 
equally  remarkable.  In  this  instance  it  is  a  May- 
flowering  Tulip  !  Some  time  ago  I  had  been  much 
surprised  to  see  a  very  advanced  flower  bud  in  a 
small  patch  at  one  end  of  a  long  bed  of  different 
varieties ;  I  thought  it  would  succumb  to  the 
first  sharp  frost,  but  on  the  date  stated,  despite 
the  fact  that  we  had  had  several  fairly  keen  frosts 
since  I  first  noticed  the  bud,  I  found  a  yellow  Tulip 
some  15  inches  or  so  in  height.     The  flower  is,  of 


of  a  bed  of  Tulipa  saxatilis  showing  hundreds 
of  flowers  and  buds  ;  many  of  the  stems  have 
several  flowers,  from  three  to  five.  It  is  the  first 
Tulip  to  appear  above  the  ground  after  the 
autumn  rains  in  May.  The  foliage  is  quite  distinct 
from  any  other  Tulip,  being  of  a  bright  green, 
shining  and  glossy ;  the  flowers  are  pink,  with 
a  yellow  base  and  chocolate-coloured  anthers 
and  are  greatly  admired  by  everyone  who  sees 
them.  It  flowers  about  the  end  of  September. 
The  Tulips  are  grown  in  the  full  sunlight  and  are 
not  lifted  except  to  transplant.  The  soil  in  my 
garden  is  chocolate  coloured,  with  uonstone 
gravel  subsoil ;  but  the  beds  have  been  enriched 
and  made  lighter  by  the  addition  of  cow  manure, 
path  scrapings  and  sand.  Dry  weather  con- 
ditions appear  to  suit  this  plant,  because  the 
spring  of  1919  was  very  dry,  and  this  was  followed 
by  one  of  the  severest  droughts  known  in  Australia. 
In  this  district,  with  the  exception  of  about  fifty 
points  of  rain  on  Easter  Saturday,  1920,  there  was 
no  rain  to  speak  of  from  Christmas,  191 9,  to 
May  10,  1920,  when  the  drought  broke;  yet  1 
have  never  seen  Tulipa  saxatilis  flower  so  profusely 
as  it  did  this  spring. — F.  FoY,  Laiicefield,  Victoria, 
Australia. 


42 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  22,  1921. 


CLEMATISES    tkat 

Other  Plants  of 
Some    Hybrid    Clematises 

THERE  was  an  illustration  in  The 
Garden  of  January  8  of  a  natural 
hybrid  between  Clematis  Vitalba  and 
C.  Davidiana.  Is  this  plant  in  com- 
merce ?  [Not  so  far  as  we  know. — Ed.] 
It  looks  most  attractive  in  the  illustration. 
It  is  surprising  how  seldom  one  sees  Lemoine's 
beautiful  hybrids  of  C.  Davidiana.  Some  of 
them  are  most  valuable  in  the  border  or  in 
association  with  shrubs,  having  at  once  rare 
and  subtle  colour  and  delightful  scent.  The 
newest  sorts,  Campanile  and  Oiseau  bleu,  which 
are  derived  from  C.  stans.  do  not  seem  to  me  to  be 
as  good  as  some  of  the  older  sorts,  such  as  Cj^ris  ; 
during  the  three  or  four  seasons  in  which  I  have 
grown  them  they  have  never  made  anything  like 
such  a  fine  effect  as  one  had  e.xpected  from  an 
illustration  in  Lemoine's  catalogue.  Perhaps  the 
plants  want  a  rather  different  treatment  from  what 
I  have  given  them ;  they  are  evidently  semi- 
scandent  in  habit.  CjTpris,  on  the  other  hand,  is 
sufficiently  erect  to  need  little  or  no  staking.  The 
flowers  are  mucli  more  beautiful  in  shape  and  have 
a  smell  something  like  that  of  Cowslips.  The 
silvered  blue  of  the  flower  clusters  is  too  subtle  a 
colour  for  association  witli  violent  yellow,  such  as 
that  of  the  Helianthuses,  but  with  the  pale,  clean 
yellow  of  a  good  hybrid  of  Gladiolus  primulinus 
it  is  very  happy. 

(Other    plants    belonging    to    the    same    colour 
sequence     are    Ceanothus     Gloire    de     Versailles, 


skoulJ  te  MORE   FREELY  PLANTED 

the  same   Colour  Sequence  and   Two   Clematises 
that  Flower  in   Winter 


Clematises  Pcrle  d'azur  and  Lady  Northcliffe,  and 
the  magnificent  aconite  which  I  have  had  from 
Messrs.  Smith,  of  Newry,  under  the  name  of 
volubile — a  perfectly  erect  sort,  flowering  in 
July  and  August  and  running  up  to  9  feet.  This 
is  a  more  beautiful  plant  than  Aconitum  Wilsonii ; 
you  will  not  find  a  more  perfect  harmony  of  related 
colours  in  all  your  garden  than  that  provided  by 
this  plant  towering  up  through  the  Ceanothus  and 
festooned  with  Clematis  Perle  d'azur.) 

But  to  return  to  Clematis  Cj-pris  and  its  fellows. 
Would  some  readers  who  have  grown  all  the  other 
sorts — such  as  Adonis — give  us  their  experience 
of  them.  I  have  only  tried  four  or  five,  besides 
those  named. 

I  see  tliat  Vilmoriu's  new  list  includes  Clematis 
Spooneri  rosea,  a  plant  which  I  have  been  looking 
forward  to  getting  ever  since  seeing  it  in  flower 
at  Verrifercs  in  May,  1919.  C.  Spooneri  itself  is  a 
lovely  thing — more  substantial  and  regular  in 
form  than  C.  montana.  C.  Spooneri  rosea  is  the 
hybrid  which  M.  Mottet  has  raised  between  this 
and  C.  montana  rubens  and,  to  judge  by  what  I  saw 
of  it,  is  the  finest  in  flower  of  any  of  the  pink  forms 
of  montana.  After  seeing  C.  montana  rubens  and 
Lemoine's  hybrid,  lilacina,  this  newcomer  seemed 
notably  more  perfect  in  form,  with  its  four  large, 
rounded  petals.  But  indeed,  C.  montana  rubens 
is  a  plant  which  can  never  be  "  superseded  "  ;  with 
its  purpled  leaves  it  is  alwaj-s  beautiful,  whether 
on  old  brick,  or  grey  stone,  or  dark  evergreens,  or 
trailing  over  a  bush  of  Weigela  rosea  (or  ?  Weigela 
rosea  fol.  purpureis). 


I  see  that  Vilmorin's  are  also  offering  a  new,  large- 
flowered  form  of  Clematis  Armandi,  which  ought 
to  be  a  valuable  plant ;  it  is  said  to  be  very  free- 
flowering,  which  win  be  advantage.  (Am  I  right 
in  thinking  that  the  type  is  shy  in  flowering  ? 
Or  is  it  merely  that  it  has  to  be  establislied  for 
rather  a  long  time  ?)       W.  E.  Arnold-Forster. 


Winter- Flowering     Clematises 

Plants  which  naturally  flower  in  mid-winter 
are  not  too  numerous  even  in  gardens  in  Southern 
England,  so  it  is  surprising  to  find  the  two  winter- 
blooming  species  of  Clematis  so  little  planted. 
They  are  by  no  means  new  introductions,  for 
Clematis  cirrhosa  was  first  imported  from  Spain 
late  in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  C.  calycina 
arrived  in  1783  from  Corsica.  Although  neither 
species  is  at  all  a  showy  plant  compared  with  the 
summer-flowering  Clematises,  both  have  dainty 
beU-shaped  flowers  and  very  handsome  evergreen 
glossy  foliage.  The  two  species  have  been  much 
confused  in  gardens  where  they  not  infrequently 
appear  labelled  "  C.  balearica."  In  reality  they 
are  quite  distinct  and  cannot  be  confused  once 
they  have  been  seen  growing  together.  C.  cirrhosa 
is  a  rampant  climber  in  mild  districts,  though 
in  cold  situations  it  apparently  does  not  make 
much  headway  ;  the  glossy  leaves  vary  much  in 
shape  according  to  the  age  of  the  shoot,  but  are 
usually  broadly  lobed  and  coarsely  toothed. 
The  flowers,  which  droop  from  the  axils  of  the 
leaves,  are  cream  colour  or  greenish  white,  and  are 


CLEMATIS    MRS.    CHOLMONDELEY    AND    LUPINUS    POLYPHYLLUS. 


CLEMATIS  REHDERIANA,   WITH  NODDING  BELL-SHAPED  FLOWERS 


January  22,  1921.] 

about  the  size  of  those  of  C.  montana.  They 
appear  in  small  numbers  during  mild  weather 
over  a  long  period.  C.  calycina  has  been  aptly 
named  "  Fern-leaved  Clematis,"  the  foUage  being 
very  finely  divided  and  deeply  lobed.  It  is  not  so 
vigorous  nor  so  hardy  as  C.  cirrhosa,  but  in  warm 
gardens  it  will  ramble  over  high  walls  and  through 
tall  shrubs.  It  is  quite  worth  a  place  for  its 
beautiful  foUage  alone,  which  turns  bronzy  purple 
in  winter,  and  then  forms  a  charming  setting  for 
the  pendent  greenish  white  flowers,  daintily 
streaked  and  spotted  inside  with  reddish  purple 
markings.  Neither  species  appears  to  be  par- 
ticular as  to  soil,  both  thriving  in  a  rich 
moist  loam,  though  the  addition  of  some  lime 
rubble  to  soils  deficient  in  lime  will  probably 
be  appreciated.  Like  most  species  of  Clematis 
they  are  readily  propagated  by  cuttings  of 
half-ripe  wood  if  these  are 
severed  midway  between  the 
nodes,  not  immediately  below 
the  node  as  with  most  shrub 
cuttings.  With  the  help  of 
C.  calycina  and  C.  cirrhosa 
it  should  be  possible  to  have 
Clematises  in  flower  throughout 
the  year.      Norman  G.  Hadden. 


THE     GARDEN. 


43 


PRUNING     APPLE     TREES 

And   the  Most  Fruitful   Varieties 


Pruning  Apples. — Generally  speaking,  the 
shortening  of  the  current  season's  growth  by 
one-third  or  one-half  of  their  length  is  sufficient, 
to  an  eye  pointing  outwards  in  the  direction  in 
which  it  is  desired  the  new  shoot  shall  go.  While, 
at  the  same  time,  an  experienced  man  may  be 
trusted  to  thin  out  overcrowding  wood  in  the 
centre  of  the  free.  Such  sorts  as  Irish  Peach  and 
those  which  fruit  on  the  ends  of  their  growths 
should  have  this  pruning  mostly  confined  to  the 
leading  growths,  which  go  to  form  the  future  build 


Clematis  Rehderiana 

Of  the  late-flowering  Clematis 
C.  Rehderiana  is  one  of  the 
most  desirable,  with  its  nodding, 
bell-shaped,  soft  primrose  yellow 
flowers,  with  the  fragrance  of  the 
Cowslip,  which  are  borne  very 
freely  from  August  to  October, 
and  on  this  account  it  is  worthy 
of  cultivation.  It  is  a  decidu- 
ous climber  with  large  pinnate 
leaves  and  seven  or  nine 
coarsely-toothed  leaflets.  A 
nati\'e  of  Western  China,  it 
was  first  introduced  into  France 
under  the  name  of  C.  Buch- 
aniana ;  later  it  was  identified 
with  C.  nutans.  Both  of  these 
species  are  Himalayan  and 
probably  not  in  cultivation.  It 
has  also  been  confused  with 
C.  Veitchiana,  but  its  leaflets 
are  larger  and  not  so  numerous 
as  the  latter  species,  although 
its  flowers  are  the  same 
shape  and  colour,  but  rather 
larger.  In  the  accompanying 
illustration  Clematis  Rehderiana 
is  shown  growing  up  the  side  of 
a  house  in  the  garden  of  Mr. 
Charles  P.  Musgrave,  Hascombe 
Place,  Godalming. 

F.  G.  Presto-v. 


Clematis    Fargesii 

This  Chinese  Clematis  belongs 
to  the  Vitalba  group.  A  native  of  Western  Szec- 
huan,  the  spray  illustrated  on  the  front  cover 
■was  cut  from  a  plant  raised  from  seeds  sent  home 
fcy  Mr.  E.  H.  WUson,  No.  4iL'iW.  The  flowering 
season  extends  from  June  to  September.  Produced 
usually  in  a  one  or  two  flowered  axillary  peduncle, 
the  individual  flowers  are  large,  2  mches  to  z|  inches 
across,  and  a  pure  satiny  white.  C.  Fargesii  is 
of  vigorous  habit,  promising  to  be  a  useful  climber 
for  arbours  and  verandas.  Seeds  ripen  freely  on 
the  plants,  while  if  these  are  not  available  cuttings 
and  layering  provide  alternative  methods  of 
propagation. 


CLEM.MIS     OVLiJ     A     GARDEN     ARCH. 

of  the  tree.  There  is  no  doubt  that  more  fruit 
is  lost  in  amateurs'  gardens  through  overpruning 
than  through  leaving  the  trees  alone.  A  good 
plan  to  test  this  in  cases  of  unproductive  trees  (if 
they  cannot  be  root  pruned),  is  to  leave  them 
nnpruned  for  a  season  and  only  thinning  out 
by  removing  altogether  the  superfluous  shoots 
which  grow  in  clusters  together  (as  the  result 
of  over  pruning),  and  leaving  the  one  leader  to 
carry  on  in  the  direction  in  which  the  tree  is 
desired  to  grow. 

The  Most   Productive   Apples  are,   in   kitchen 
varietic-s.    Lane's    Prince    Albert,    wliich    I    place 


first  on  the  list  because  it  scarcely  ever  fails  to 
fruit.  It  keeps  weU  until  Christmas  or  after  if 
stored  in  a  cool,  not  too  dry  a  shed  or  cellar  (one 
with  an  earth  floor  is  best).  The  same  remarks 
apply  to  Golden  Spire  and  Stirling  Castle.  These 
varieties,  not  being  vigorous  in  growth,  should 
have  the  leading  shoots  pruned  each  year  to 
induce  more  growth.  Rev.  W.  Wilks,  a  large  pre- 
cocious to  fruit  variety,  which,  although  not  a 
strong  grower,  is  most  productive.  Then,  too, 
Braraley's  Seedling  is  an  excaUent  Apple  because 
it  may  be  allowed  to  run  wild 
and  unpruned  after  once  the 
general  build  of  the  young  tree  has 
been  secured.  The  above  are  all 
good  Apples  to  keep  excepting 
I  Stirling  Castle.  For  earlier  culin- 

ary purposes  Early  Victoria,  Lord 
Suffitld  and  Lord  Grosvenor  are 
reliable  Apples  of  a  soft  Codlin 
nature,  and  EcklinviUe  Seedling, 
Bismarck  and  The  Queen  fruitful 
mid-season  Apples. 

The  most  regular   cropping 

Apples  for  dessert  purposes  m  the 
order  of  their  ripening  season  are  : 
Early. — Mr.  Gladstone,  Langley 
Pippin  (excellent  but  little 
known).  Beauty  of  Bath,  Irish 
Peach  (for  gardens)  and  Worcester 
Pearmain.  Mid-season.  —  James 
Grieve  (not  a  vigorous  grower  so 
requires  pruning),  Chas.  Ross, 
Cellini  Pippin  (poor  quality). 
Herring's  Pippin  (a  very  healthy 
grower  and  fruitful  .Apple  of 
excellent  flavour  which  should  be 
in  every  collection),  and  .Allingtou 
Pippin  (one  of  the  most  reliable). 
Then,  too,  although  not  so 
reliable,  but  because  of  its  flavour 
and  keeping  qualities,  Cox's 
Orange  Pippin  should  be  in  every 
garden  and,  failing  this,  the  old 
Blenheim  Orange,  because  it 
makes  a  good  tree  if  neglected 
and  left  unpruned.  This,  however, 
should  not  be  one  of  the  first 
choice  for  one's  garden  as  it  is 
somewhat  slow  in  coming  into 
growth.  Bamack  Beauty  is  a 
productive  late  variety,  but  not 
of  high  quality. 

Of  course  fruit  trees  are  scarce 

this  year,   and  many  people  are 

planting  them.    A  popular  fallacy 

is  that    trees    must    be  planted 

before   Christmas.     The  planting 

season   extends  imtil  the  end  of 

February  and  even  until  March. 

Planters      shoudd      therefore      have       reasonable 

patience,     and     having    made    up    their    minds 

to    plant,    not   expect   to   See   the    trees  in   their 

places   the   following    week.       Nurserymen    have 

been  booking  orders  since  the  spring  and    open 

the    season    with    a    lot    of   orders  which  cannot 

all    be    executed    at    once.     Correctly    speaking, 

the  condition  of  the  soil  is  of  more  importance 

than  the  inmiediate  date  at  which  trees  are  planted. 

Pears  do  well  in  many  districts.  Plums  in  most, 

and  many  an  improductivc  north  wall  might  be 

made  to  produce  excellent  Morello  Cherries. 

Bush  Hill  Park.  Laurence  J.  Cook. 


44 


THE     GARDEN. 


'January  22,  1921. 


SOME    SHADE-LOVING    PLANTS 

A  Shady  Garden  made  Bright  with  Flowers 


THERE  are  many  whose  gardens  call 
for  some  consideration  in  planting 
because  of  tiie  fact  that  they  are  shaded 
either  by  trees  or  walls,  and  there  are 
few  places  indeed  where  there  is  not 
some  portion  of  the  garden  away  from  the 
beneficent   rays   of   the   sun.     To   the   owners   of 


Astrantias  present  themselves  as  attractive, 
tliough  not  showy  flowers  for  our  purpose. 
A.  major  and  A.  camiolica  may  be  indicated  as 
good  and  suitable.  Aquilegias  mostly  do  well, 
but  the  varieties  of  the  common  Columbine, 
A.  vulgaris,  are  the  best  for  what  we  require. 
Aconitums,    or    Monl<shoods,     are    suggested    for 


SPRING    FLOWEKS     IN     THE     SHADE     OF     A     NUT     WALK. 


these  the  following  plants  may  be  suggested. 
The- list  is  far  from  e.xhaustive  and  is  rather  a 
selection  than  a  collection.  Other  equally  good 
plants  have  been  omitted  for  various  reasons, 
either  of  greater  difficulty  of  cultivating  or  some 
other  condition  which  appears  conclusive  to  the 
writer  at  the  present  time.  It  may  be  added 
that,  while  most  of  the  plants  named  will  grow 
and  flower  even  under  the  drip  of  trees,  this  is 
to  be  avoided  as  far  as  is  possible. 


those  who  want  taU-growing  plants.  Of  the 
Anemones  A.  japonica  and  its  varieties  are  indis- 
pensable among  the  taller  Windflowers,  but  for 
carpeting  the  ground  the  forms  of  A.  nemorosa, 
the  Wood  Anemone,  are  grand.  A.  Alleni  and 
A.  Robinsoniana  may  be  named  as  good  blue 
ones ;  and  A.  nemorosa  grandiflora  and  A.  n. 
flora  pleno  among  the  whites,  with  A.  ranuncu- 
loides  as  a  yellow  companion.  Acaena  microphyUa 
is  a  good  carpeter,  especially  if  the  place  is  a  little 


damp.     The  bigger  Campanulas,  sue  h  as  C.  latifolia 
macrantha,   are  all  fine,  but  there  are  too  many 
of  these  for  detail  at  present.     The  pretty  Corydalis 
lutea  and  its  creamy  variety  alba  flower  splendidly 
in  the  shade.     AU  the  pretty  Cardamines,  such  as 
C.  pratensis  flore  pleno,  thrive  in  shade  ;  and  atten- 
tion may  be  drawn  to  the  attractions  of  the  Den- 
tarias.  now  allied  with  them.    The  yellow  Foxglove, 
Digitalis  lutea,   is  a  distinct,   though  not  showy, 
plant  for  the  shade.     To  the  writer  it  is  an  object 
of   surprise   that   the    Epimediums   do   not    meet 
with  greater  appreciation  for  planting  in  shade, 
even  directly  under  trees  ;   they  are  very  beautiful. 
For  putting  in  a  place  where  tall,  graceful  plants 
with  a  tendency  to  spread  are  called  for,  Epilobium 
angustifolium,     purple,     and     its    white    variety, 
album,  are  fine,  even  under  trees,  if  not  star\ed 
for    want    of    soil    and    moisture.     Funkias    are 
charming  things  and   always  please.     There  is  a 
quietly     attractive     Cranesbill    called     Geranium 
striatum    which    flourishes    best    in    the    shade ; 
and  the  native  Geum  nivale  does  not   object   to 
full  exclusion  from  the  sun.     All  the  Hellebores, 
including  even  the  lovely  H.  niger,  the  Christmas 
Rose,  are  suitable  for  growing  in  such  a  position. 
Podophyllums  are  quaintly  pretty   in    the  shady 
spots    with    some    moisture,     and     Polygonatura 
multiflorum,  the  Solomon's  Seal,  deUghts  us  with 
its    pendent    flowers    of    waxy    white ;     and    the 
Pulmonjirias,     or    Lungworts,     are     excellent     in 
spring.      The   Geum  varieties  of  Saxifraga,   with 
the  Megasea  section,  are  useful.     A  little  coarse, 
but  giving  some  points  of  great  beauty  about  the 
tints  of  their  flowers,  are  several  of  the  Symphy- 
tums,    such    as   S.    bohemicum.     Highly  graceful 
is  Thalictrum  aquilegifolium  with  foam-like  heads 
of  white,   as  delightful  in  their  way   as  those  of 
liarella  cordifolia,   the  plant  which  is  commonly 
called   the   "Foam   Flower"    and   which   is   also 
included    among    the    shade-lovers.     We    cannot 
say  that  our  shady  garden  is  without  any  of  the 
most  delightful  flowers  when   we  can   plant   and 
grow    successfully    within    its    little    domain    the 
Trinity    Flower,    Trillium    grandiflorum,    one    of 
the  prettiest   of   all  our  plants.     Finally — out   of 
consideration    to    limitations    of    space,    for    my 
subject     is    not     nearly     exhausted- — one     would 
suggest    the   pretty    trailing    or  creeping   golden- 
flowered    Waldsteinia    trifolia    as    worthy    to    be 
included  among  the  flowers  we  can  enjoy  in  our 
sunless    or    almost    sunless    garden    ground,    and 
which   will   not    resent    their   inclusion,    but  will 
give  us  so  much  true  deUght  by  their  bright  and 
happy  looks.  S.  Arnott. 


A   Late-Flowering  Aster 

The  latest  Aster  to  flower  in  the  open  garden  is 
one  which  we  have  grown  under  the  name  of 
Aster  Shortii,  a  pretty  North  American  species. 
The  original  plants  were,  I  believe,  obtained  from 
the  nursery  of  Messrs.  Perry  of  Enfield.  We  have 
for  several  seasons  lifted  plants  of  this  Aster  in 
late  summer  and  replanted  them  in  a  border 
between  clumps  of  Anchusa  italica.  After  the 
latter  have  passed  out  of  flower  the  Asters  are 
carefully  staked  and  the  growths  arranged  in  a 
manner  which  completely  furnish  s  the  border.  The 
flowers,  although  small,  are  of  the  finest  soft  blue 
and  will  withstand  the  ill  effects  of  fog  and  rain  to 
a  remarkable  degree.  Normal  plants  attain  a 
height  of  from  3  feet  to  4  feet.  Nice  bushy  plants 
about  18  inches  high  can  be  obtained  from  cuttings, 
or  divisions,  taken  in  spring,  and  grown  during  the 
summer  in  poor  soil.  These  latter  are  more  useful 
for  filling  in  the  front  row  of  borders  for  late 
auttimn  effect. 

Sulhampslead,  near  Reading.  Colin  Ruse. 


January  22,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


45 


HOW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS  are  AFFECTED 
BY   THE   SEASON 

A    Northern    Grower's    Experience    in    1920 


Mrs.  R.  C.  Pulling,  but  is  never  so  large.  This 
season  it  has  been  remarkably  fine,  being  a  true 
Japanese  incurved,  without  coarseness.  It  is  a 
healthy,  but  not  robust  grower.  C,   Blair. 

Pieston  House  G.irdens,  Linlithgow. 


SOME  years  ago,  in  these  columns,  I  drew 
attention  to  the  fact  that,  generally 
speaking,  the  late  varieties  of  Chrysan- 
themums are  in  best  form  during  a  dull 
season.  So  far  I  have  seen  Uttle  to  change 
that  opinion,  but  may  modify  it  slightly  by  saying 
that  the  majority  of  the  sorts  I  have  grown  are 
invariably  best  when  the  season  is  cool  and  sun- 
less. I  do  not  pretend  to  explain  the  reason  for 
this,  but  merely  state  an  obvious  fact,  and  as 
this  is  going  against  the  expressed  opinion  of 
many  writers  on  the  culture  of  these  indispensable 
autumn  plants,  who  claim  that  only  well  ripened 
wood  can  produce  fine  flowers,  I  give  it  with  some 
diffidence  and  will  be  glad  to  have  the  experience 
of  other  growers  who  may  have  made  a  study  of 
the  subject.  As  1  have  said,  it  is  not 
every  variety  that  shows  a  distinct 
preference  for  a  dull  season,  as  some 
are  invariably  good  no  matter  what  the 
climatic  conditions  are.  A  brief  list 
of  those  that  show  a  special  hking  for 
certain  weather  conditions  may  be  of 
interest.  My  collection,  although  not 
very  large,  is  fairly  representative  of 
the  large-flowered  Japanese  section, 
and  most  of  the  varieties  can  be  found 
in  the  bulk  of  trade  catalogues. 

Mrs.  R.  C.  Pulling. — ^This  is  still  one 
of  the  finest  yellow  Chrysanthemums 
ever  raised  and  has  been  finer  this  year 
than  ever  before.  It  is  one  that  re- 
mains fresh  for  a  very  long  time.  Cer- 
tainly the  sunless  season  just  ended 
has  suited  it  admirably. 

Mrs.  Algernon  Davis. — ^This,  one  of 
the  loveliest  pinks  in  cultivation,  has 
been  great  this  year,  while  in  191 9,  a 
very  suimy  season,  it  was  poor  in  size 
and  colour. 

Queen  Mary. — This  giant  white 
never  came  anything  like  so  fine  in 
former  years  as  it  has  done  this 
season.  To  get  really  good  blooms  only 
one  flower  to  a  plant  must  be  per- 
mitted and  the  plant  must  be  gener- 
ously fed. 

William  Vert.- — This  lovely  scarlet 
crimson  variety  also  seems  to  prefer  a 
dull  year,  as  it  never  before  was  so  fine. 

James  Stredwick. — Of  fine  colour 
this  year ;    a  dull    time    seems    to   be 
the   right   condition   for  bringing  out 
the  unique  shade  of  this  fine  variety.     Last  year  it 
was  very  pale,  though  the  blooms  were  of  good  size. 

Louisa  Pockett. — Last  year  this  lovely  monster 
was  our  best  variety,  but  this  year  it  is  so  late 
that  even  at  the  time  of  writing  (December  20),  it 
is  not  fully  open,  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  be 
certain  as  to  its  merits  in  a  sunless  season. 

Mrs.  W.  E.  Tricker. — This,  too,  was  very 
fine  in  1919,  but  this  year  it  lackssize.  Ingrowth 
it  is  rather  soft  and  weakly,  so  I  presume  a  dry, 
warm  summer  is  most  to  its  liking. 

Fred  Green. — -This  is  another  dull-season 
variety,  although  it  is  one  of  the  most  consistent 
we  have,  for  even  last  year  it  was  quite  good. 

His  Majesty. — This  has  been  better  this  year 
than  ever  previously,  but  generally  it  is  a  bit 
uncertain. 

Mrs.  R.  Luxford. — This  old  "stager"  is  so 
consistently  good  that  I  cannot  bear  to  part  with 
it.  This  season  it  has  been  very  brilliant  in  colour. 
Stands  long  in  beauty. 


Mrs.  Gilbert  Drabble. — This  somewhat  trouble- 
some beauty  has  been  very  fine  this  season,  but  was 
equally  so  last. 

J.  H.  Silsbury. — Never  previously  had  this  old 
favourite  been  so  brilliant  in  hue  and  the  flowers 
are  of  good  size. 

Edith  Jameson. — This  is  another  old  friend 
one  hates  to  discard.  At  this  moment  it  is  giving 
us  some  fine  blooms  and  I  think  the  pink  shade  is 
more  lovely  than  ever  before. 

Niveus. — It  must  be  more  than  twenty  years 
since  this  lovely  white  Chrysanthemum  was  first 
sent  out,  and  it  is  as  fine  to-day  as  ever.  Dis- 
budded it  is  stUl  able  to  give  a  very  fine  bloom, 
while  grown  naturally  the  sprays  are  magnificent. 
To  have  abundance  of  these  grand  white  sprays 


IN    A   CLIFF    GARDEN 

THE  illustration  below  shows  a  portion 
of  the  pleasure  grounds  in  the  gardens 
of  Mr.  W.  R.  Price,  Pen  Moel.  Chepstow. 
The  chief  feature  shown  in  the  foreground 
is  winding  herbaceous  borders  divided  by 
a  narrow  grass  path.  Here  the  plants  are  arranged 
in  irregular  groups  of  three,  five  or  seven,  according 
to  the  habit  of  the  different  subjects  employed. 
A  few  of  the  chief  plants  used  in  this  case  are 
Bocconia  cordata,  Chrysanthemum  maximum 
Mrs.  L.  Bell.  Cimicifuga  racemosa,  the  variegated 
form    of    Epilobium    liirsutum    (a    rare    plant    in 


AN    UNDERCLIFF    FLOWER    GARDEN    AT    PEN    MOEL,    CHEPSTOW. 


at  Christmas  grow  on  some  of  the  old  stools,  top- 
dressing  with  fresh  rich  soil  and  feeding  moderately 
diuring  summer  and  autumn.  Treated  thus  the 
plants  bloom  several  weeks  later  than  do  young 
stock  raised  from  cuttings. 

Mrs.  E.  J.  Tickle.— Although  the  colour  of  this 
easily  managed  old  variety  is  never  a  really  beauti- 
ful pink,  yet  it  gives  such  consistently  good  flowers 
that  one  clings  to  it  still. 

Bob  Pulling. — This  prefers  a  sunny  season. 
This  year  the  colour  was  poor,  although  the  blooms 
were  of  good  size. 

William  Turner. — This  famous  white  has  been 
very  poor  this  year,  so  it  evidently  prefers  a 
warmer  and  brighter  season. 

Mrs.  J.  Gibson.— This  reliable  pink  variety 
demands  a  sunny  season  to  give  of  its  best.  This 
year  the  blooms  are  a  good  size,  but  are  very  poor 
in  colour. 

Mrs.  L.  Thorn. — This  is  one  of  the  most  refined 
'Mums   we   have.     In   colour   it   much   resembles 


private  gardens),  Gypsophila  paniculata  fl.-pl.. 
Lobelia  syphilitica,  Platycodon  grandiflorum, 
Rudbeckia  subtoraentosa.  Scabiosa  caucasica, 
Kniphofia  rufa,  and  various  varieties  of  Asters, 
Iris,  and  Phlox, 

In  the  background  will  be  noticed  the  natural 
rugged  cliff  of  limestone  rock.  This  rises  to  a 
height  of  at  least  30  feet,  the  face  being  partially 
covered  by  a  fine  old  specimen  of  the  well  known 
Banksian  Rose,  which  makes  a  lovely  picture 
when  seen  in  full  bloom. 

A  little  to  the  left  of  the  rock  will  be  noticed  a 
tree  of  Cupressus  funebris  (Funeral  Cypress) 
20  feet  high,  while  on  the  extreme  left  of  the 
illustration  is  a  good  specimea  of  the  Copper 
Beech.  Nearer  to  the  front,  but  appearing  to  be 
underneath  the  Beech  in  the  illustration,  is  a  good 
standard  of  the  Almond  (Prunus  Amygdalus), 
which  completes  the  picture. 

Readers  who  have  been  able  to  follow  me 
through  these  notes  will  be  more  interested  perhaps 


46 


THE    GARDEN. 


[January  22,  1921. 


when  I  explain  that  the  natural  rock  shown  is 
surmounted  by  a  dense  wood  of  Larch,  Pine  and 
commbn   Yew.     This  not  only   adds  height,   but 


invests      the     whole     scene     with     considerable 
attraction,  and  adds  to  the  garden's  charm. 
Chepstow,  Mon.  J.  A. 


Tke  Hardiest  of  tke  Rock  Roses 

Many  Cisluses  are  much  hardier  than  is  generally  known.  They 
are  among  the  most  beautiful  plants  that  abound  in  Southern  gardens 
and  thrive  on  poor  stony  soil  and  sunny  banks.  So  long  as  the  roots 
are  dry  the  plants  tvithstand  an  average  winter,  but  it  is  advisable  to 
place  Pine  boughs  around  the  plants  as  protection  in  very  severe  weather. 


THE  Cistuses  or  Rock  Roses  are  close 
relatives  of  the  Sun  Roses  or  Helianthe- 
mums,  and,  lilie  them,  they  need  an  open, 
sunny  position.  They  like  the  early 
morning  sun,  and  are  at  their  best  from 
nine  in  the  morning  tUl  two  in  the  afternoon  :  after 
this  time  most  of  the  flowers  are  closed  for  the  day  or 
fallen.  Like  the  Sun  Roses,  the  flowers  are  very 
fugitive,  individual  blooms  lasting  but  a  short  time. 
This  does  not,  however,  imply  that  the  blossoming 
period  is  a  limited  one,  for  they  are  so  floriferous 
that  a  succession  is  kept  up  over  a  period  of  six 
or  eight  weeks.  Even  after  most  of  the  plants 
have  finished  blooming  some  sorts  give  a  second 
crop,  and  although  the  plants  are  at  their  best 
during  June  and  July,  some  wUl  continue  to  flower 
through  the  autumn. 

The  illustration  shows  one  of  several  groups 
of  Cistuses  growing  in  the  Royal  Gardens, 
Kew.  This  and  other  similar  groups  at  Kew 
have  been  out  for  several  winters  In  all  cases 
the  plants  are  on  sunny  banks  and  the  soU  in  each 
instance  is  of  the  poorest,  consisting  of  sand  and 
gravel;  When  planting,  the  only  preparation 
that  is  made  is  to  strip  off  the  turf  and  lightly 
fork  over  the  surface.  The  plants  are  put  out 
from  pots,  rooted  cuttings  or  seedlings  six  to 
nine  months  old  being  used.  As  the  ground  is 
poor  and  firm,  growth  is  slow  and  short  jointed. 
Plants  growing  in  rich  soil  and  forming  a  lot  of 
soft  wood  are  more  easily  damaged  by  frost.  In 
poor  ground  the  plants  also  prove  more  floriferous 


than  when  growing  in  that  of  a  richer  nature. 
From  sorts  known  to  be  tender,  cuttings  are 
rooted  and  kept  in  pots  in  frames  throughout 
winter.  Cuttings  of  most  of  the  sorts,  taken  in 
August  or  September  and  placed  in  pots  of  sandy 
soil  in  a  little  heat,  root  readily,  while  those 
who  have  no  warm  propagating  house  may  dibble 
the  cuttings  into  a  bed  of  sandy  soil  in  a  cold 
frame,  where,  if  the  severest  frost  is  kept  out, 
they  will  root  and  stand  through  the  winter. 

A  Selection. — For  positions  where  a  tall  plant 
is  required  C.  laurifolius  is  a  capital  species. 
It  grows  5  feet  or  6  feet  high,  occasionally  more, 
and  has  large,  deep  green  leaves  and  white  flowers 
3  inches  across.  It  is  the  commonest  and  hardiest 
of  all  the  species  and  is  of  use  for  beds  on  the 
outskirts  of  lawns,  groups  in  shrubberies,  an 
exposed  position  on  the  rockery,  or  for  mixing 
with  informid  groups  of  other  species.  C.  cor- 
bariensis  is  a  hybrid  between  C.  populifolius  and 
C.  salvifolius  and  is  a  very  hardy  plant.  It  forms 
a  dense  mass  18  inches  or  so  high  and  bears  large 
white  flowers.  C.  crispus  is  recognised  by  its 
greyish  leaves  and  purplish  flowers,  which  are 
about  2  inches  in  diameter.  It  is  sometimes 
killed  in  severe  weather.  C.  cyprius  is  a  beautiful 
species  that  grows  2  feet  to  3  feet  high  ;  the  flowers 
are  2  J  inches  across  and  pure  white,  with  the 
exception  of  a  rich  brownish  red  mark  near  the 
base  of  each  petal  and  a  tinge  of  yellow  at  the 
extreme  base.  It  will  stand  any  except  the  most 
severe    weather.      C.    hirsutus    is    another    dwarf 


CISTUS    LORETII,     FLOWERS    WHITE    WITH    DARK    CRIMSON    BLOTCH    AT    THE    BASE    OF    EACH 


white-flowered  plant  of  good  habit  and  hardy. 
The  less  hardy  Cistus  ladaniferus  has  tall 
viscid  branches  and  leaves  and  very  beautiful 
flowers  3  inches  or  more  across.  The  blooms  are 
white  with  a  rich  purplish  blotch  at  the  base  of 
each  petal.  (It  is  sometimes  confused  with  C. 
cyprius,  but  differs  from  that  plant  by  the  flowers 
being  borne  several  together,  while  in  C.  cyprius 
they  are  produced  singly).  From  this  species 
ladanum  is  obtained.  C.  monspeliensis,  some- 
times met  with  under  the  name  of  C.  Clusii,  is  a 
dwarf  species  that  bears  white  flowers.  C.  recog- 
nitus  is  another  white-flowered  plant,  a  hybrid 
between  the  last-named  and  C.  laurifolius.  C. 
canescens  has  whitish  leaves  and  purplish  flowers 
while  C.  villosus  has  also  purple  flowers. 

CisTus  LoRETii  is  one  of  our  best  Rock  Roses, 
and  is  a  hybrid  between  C.  ladaniferus  and  C. 
monspeliensis.  It  forms  an  attractive  evergreen 
bush  3  feet  or  more  in  height,  and,  being  of  a 
spreading  habit,  usually  exceeds  its  height  in 
diameter.  The  leaves  are  small^i  inch  to  2  inches 
long — and  the  flowers  are  in  terminal  clusters 
of  three  to  five  blooms,  white,  with  a  crimson 
blotch  at  the  base  of  each  petal.  The  flowers  are 
2  inches  or  rather  more  in  diameter  and,  in  common 
with  other  Rock  Roses,  open  in  the  morning  and 
shatter  before  night.  There  is  little  evidence 
of  this  failing,  however,  as  the  bushes  continue 
to  produce  a  profusion  of  blossoms  in  succession 
throughout  June  and  July. 

It  is  worth  noting  that  the  flowers  of  C. 
Loretii  remain  open  for  a  portion  of  the  after- 
noon, whereas  most  Rock  Roses  shatter  about 
midday.  This  is  one  of  the  hardiest  Cistuses, 
and  must  be  included  in  a  selection  of  the 
best  six  for  garden  decoration.  The  Rock 
Roses  delight  in  a  well-drained  sandy  soil  and 
warm  sunny  position  on  sloping  banks  or  at 
the  foot  of  a  south  wall  or  fence.  Cuttings 
root  readily  in  autumn  in  a  cold  frame  or 
imder  a  haudlight,  and  artificial  heat  is  not 
<lcsirable. 


Cottage  Tulip  Rose  Beauty 

So  much  depends  on  the  bent  of  individual  tastes 
in  our  estimation  of  colour  and  form  that  it  may 
very  often  be  said  (adapting  the 
well  known  proverb  about  meat  and 
poison  to  the  occasion)  that  what  is 
one  person's  joy  is  another  person's 
bane.  Lots  of  people  cannot  do  with 
magenta  at  any  price,  but  I  know 
a  very  distinguished  painter  of  flowers 
who  "  swears  by  it."  I  am  myself 
very  partial  to  a  hard  rose,  such  as 
we  get  in  the  jolly  fresh-looking 
Tulip  Cassandra  ;  but  some  remark, 
when  I  am  getting  too  vehement  on 
the  subject,  "  Not  all  that  about 
that  hard,  cold  colour,  surely  ? " 
Well,  now  those  who  like  a 
softer  tone  of  rose  will  be  charmed 
with  Rose  Beauty,  which  is  a 
Cottage  variety  of  distinguished 
presence  and  with  a  Darwin- 
shaped  bloom  of  a  shade  which, 
when  they  are  grown  side  by  side, 
is  astonishingly  like  Prince  of  the 
Netherlands  when  it  is  in  what 
may  be  called  its  hobble-de-hoy 
stage.  If  it  were  better  known 
I  anticipate  the  public  would  pay 
it  the  greatest  tribute  that  it  is 
in  their  power  to  bestow,  viz., 
they  would  quickly  raise  its  price 
by  their  importunate  demands. 
PETAL.  Joseph    Jacob. 


January  22,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


47 


AN  ALPINE  SHRUBLET 

(GLOBULARIA   BELLIDIFOLIA). 

Too  rarely  seen  in  our  choice  rock  gardens,  this 
tiny  plant  would  find  many  admirers  among  those 
who  delight  in  the  rarer  and  more  difficult  plants 
from  high  levels  in  the  mountains.  The  illus- 
tration, prepared  from  a  photograph  taken  in  the 
alpine  gardens  of  the  Pont  du  Nant,  admirably 
shows  this  prostrate  shrublet.  thoroughly  happy  in 
the  sun-b.iked  crevice  of  limestone  with  the  equally 
sun-loving  grasshopper  basking  by  its  side. 

G.  cordifolia,  rather  generally  grown,  though 
far  from  often  well  flowered  in  our  gardens,  is 
almost  coarse  beside  this  plant,  which  scarcely 
rises  above  an  inch  from  the  ground,  clothing, 
when  successfully  made  at  home,  the  bare 
rock  or  shingle  with  a  line,  interwoven  network 
of  interlacing,  woody  branches,  hidden  under 
a  carpet  of  tiny,  bluntly  oval,  shining  dark  green 
leaves  of  leathery  texture,  from  in  between 
which  push  in  mid-summer,  on  half-inch  or  perhaps 
Inch-long  stems,  the  tousled  Daisy-like  heads  of 
a  softly  grey-blue,  or  almost  Ageratum-blue 
colour,  unless  you  have  got  hold  of  the  still  rarer 
albino  form  of  this  plant. 

All  the  Globularias  are  southern  plants,  and  It 
should  be  remembered  that  the  whole  genus 
requires  the  fullest  exposure  to  sunshine  to  ripen 
their  growths  to  a  hardness  that  will  withstand 
our  changeable  winter  climate  and  enable  them  to 
flower  as  freely  as  is  their  habit  in  the  sun-baked 
hills  of  Southern  Europe.  Plant,  then,  your 
choice    dwarf    "  Globe    Daisies "    in    th»   hottest 


GLOBULARIA    BELLIDIFOLIA    IN    A    SUN    BAKED     CREVICE    AT    PONT    DU    NANT. 


and  best-drained  crevices,  ledges  or  pockets  of 
your  rock  garden,  where  their  main  roots  can 
dive  under  large,  firm  rocks  ;  if  of  limestone,  so 
much  the  better,  and  if  not,  let  their  roots  find 
at  least  a  large  quantity  of  limestone  chippings 
or  good  old  mortar  rubble  in   the  soil  prepared 


for  them,  and  work  a  top-dressing  every  spring 
into  the  springy  carpet  of  their  leaves  and  branches, 
and  you  will  have  pleasure  from  your  plant.  I 
suspect  it  would  also  do  well  in  a  sunny  limestone 
moraine,  preferably  in  the  higher  and  sunniest 
reaches.  W.  E.  Th.  I. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR    SOUTHERN   GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Sweet  Peas. — if  not  already  done,  seed  should 
be  sown  at  once  (for  early  flowering)  in  pots  or 
boxes  of  light  sandy  soil.  Germinate  in  gentle 
heat,  and  afterwards  grow  as  cool  as  possible. 
Keep  plants  from  the  autumn  sowing  growing  in 
cool,  airy  conditions,  and  pot  them  as  they  become 
fit,  giving  them  a  position  on  a  shelf,  near  the  glass 
if  possible.  Should  the  various  sites  where  the 
main  portion  is  to  flower  not  have  received  atten- 
tion, tins  w  >rk  should  now  be  taken  in  hand. 
Sweet  Peas  delight  in  a  good  depth  of  soil  with  a 
liberal  addition  of  well-rotted  manure  and  some 
burnt   refuse  worked  in. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Cauliflowers. — Plants  growing  in  cold  frames 
from  September  and  October  sowings  must  be 
well  aired,  more  especially  those  which  are  to  be 
planted  out  as  soon  as  weather  conditions  allow. 
Those  intended  to  mature  in  pots  or  in  deep 
frames  can  be  kept  growing  more  freely.  A 
small  sowing  of  seed  can  be  made  now  as  a  follow-on 
crop.  With  so  many  excellent  varieties  on  the 
market  to  choose  from,  it  is  unnecessary  to  name 
any  particular  ones. 

Cabbages. — Owing  to  the  mild  spell,  the  earliest 
planted  of  these  are  well  forward  and  will  prove 
very  useful  should  the  soft  growth  of  some  of  the 
Broccoli  fail  to  withstand  a  severe  spell.  Some 
of  the  earlier  ones  fared  very  badly  in  this  district 
when  we  registered  23°  Fahr.  of  frost  about  a 
week  before  Christmas.  Should  the  gales  have 
loosened  any  of  the  plants,  take  steps  to  have 
them  made  firm. 

Roots. — Make  use  of  wet  days  for  looking 
over  all  stocks  of  roots  stored  in  sand,  etc.  ;  also 
Potatoes,  where  not  clamped  in  the  open. 

Tomatoes. — Keep  autumn-sown  plants  nicely 
on  the  move  in  a  temperature  of  60°  Fahr.,  giving 
air  when  possible.  Pot  on  in  5-inch  or  6-inch 
pots  as  they  become  ready,  and  avoid  giving  a 
check.  Use  chiefly  a  good  fibrous  loam  for  the 
compost  with  a  little  leaf-soil,  rubble  and  burnt 
refuse  added,   and   pot   moderately   firm.     Watch 


carefully  the  later  sown  ones,  and  prick  off  when 
sufficiently  advanced  into  small  60s,  using  a 
fairly  light  compost,  lu  order  to  produce  nice 
stocky  plants  grow  in  a  light  position  near  the 
roof  glass 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Gooseberries  and  Currants. — The  rest  of  the 
pruning  having  been  done,  these  may  be  dealt 
with.  Keep  the  centre  of  the  bushes  well  open, 
especially  the  Gooseberries,  and  remove  branches 
having  a  tendency  to  reach  the  ground.  .\< 
Black  Currants  sh.juld  be  dealt  with  soon  after 
fruiting  time — the  method  being  to  remove  the 
oldest  of  the  branches  entirely  and  other  weak 
or  useless  ones — we  are  now  dealing  with  Red 
and  White,  which  require  spur  pruning. 

Spraving.— Where  this  is  practised  and  there 
are  a  large  number  of  trees  to  do,  operations  must 
soon  be  commenced.  There  are  several  first- 
class  preparations  by  reliable  firms,  with  direc- 
tions, on  the  market,  and  more  details  here  are 
unnecessary.  Choose  a  mild  and  windless  day, 
and  follow  the  directions  very  carefully. 

Grafting. — -Should  any  of  this  work  be  con- 
templated, the  stock  may  now  be  partially  headed 
back  in  readiness  ;  the  grafts  also  selected  and 
heeled  in  behind  a  north  wall  to  keep  plump 
until  required. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Later  Vines. — if  bunches  should  still  be  hanging, 
cut  and  place  in  bottles  in  the  Grape-room,  care- 
fully removing  faulty  berries  at  the  same  time. 
Afterwards  let  the  Vines  receive  a  good  watering 
with  tepid  water,  and  if  signs  of  exhaustion  have 
been  noticed  add  a  liberal  amount  of  farmyard 
liquid  manure.  Pruning  and  cleaning  having 
been  attended  to,  keep  the  house  cool  and  at  rest 
as  long  as  possible. 

The  Grape-room. — .\im  at  keeping  an  even 
temperature  always,  with  an  atmosphere  gently 
moving;  45°  Fahr.  to  48°  Fahr.  will  suit  most 
varieties,  but  Muscats  are  better  a  few  degrees 
warmer.  Keep  a  strict  watch  for  damaged 
berries.  H.  Turner. 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland.) 

Albiiry  Park  Gardens,  Guild/ord. 


FOR  NORTHERN   GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Replanting  Horse-radish. — Many  beds  of  Horse- 
radish are  in  need  of  replanting  for  the  sake  of 
getting  good  juicy  root  lengths  ;  this  work  may 
be  readily  done  just  now.  Unfortunately  Horse- 
radish does  not  often  get  the  generous  treatment 
necessary  to  produce  the  finest  roots,  but,  as  with 
most  things  in  the  garden,  hberal  cultivation  will 
give  the  most  satisfactory  results,  therefore  dig 
the  ground  deeply,  incorporating  some  well  rotted 
cow  manure  and  leaf-mould,  leaving  the  ground 
fine  and  free.  Pick  out  good  strong  roots  of  Horse- 
radish and  divide  them  into  cuttings  about  8  inches 
long,  dibble  them  in  about  12  inches  apart  and 
about  18  inches  between  the  rows  with  the  top 
end  about  2  inches  below  the  surface ;  keep  a 
quantity  of  old  roots  heeled  in  or  pitted  in  sand  for 
more  immediate  use. 

Carrots. — -Where  it  is  convenient  a  hot-bed 
should  be  made  up  and  a  good  sowing  of  the 
Early  Short  Horn  varieties  made,  these  being  best 
suited  for  frame  work.  Before  adding  the  soil,  one 
would  do  well  to  make  sure  that  the  heat  is,  if 
anything,  on  the  decline,  for  if  the  heat  in  the  bed 
is  excessive  no  crops  will  grow  in  it  satisfactorily. 

Salads. — A  box  of  an  early  hearting  variety  of 
Lettuce  may  now  be  sown  in  a  cool  house  for 
planting  later  into  frames.  Sowings  of  Mustard 
and  Cress  should  also  be  made,  any  fresh  saladings 
during  the  early  months  of  the  year  being  alwaj'S 
in  favour. 

Early  Peas. — For  the  earliest  crop  we  generally 
sow  in  narrow  boxes,  4  feet  long  and  4  inches  wide 
and  5  inches  in  depth.  Place  some  rough  turf  in 
the  bottom  and  then  sow  in  a  fairly  rich  compost. 
Sprout  the  seed  in  a  moderately  warm  house  and 
then  place  in  a  cold  frame  to  harden  off  before 
plantmg  out  on  a  warm  border;  by  resorting  to 
this  method  we  are  able  to  gather  Peas  much 
earlier  and  also  escape  the  ravages  of  mice  in  our 
seed  lines. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Raspberries. — Complete  the  tying  of  Raspberry 
canes  as  soon  as  possible  and  should  the  canes 
incline  to  be  weakly,  it  is  often  advisable  to  try 


48 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  22,  1921. 


a  new  plantation  in  a  different  part  of  the  garden. 
It  is  not  wise  to  dig  much  about  ttie  roots  of  tlie 
plants,  a  light  fork  over  and  then  a  good  surface 
mulching  of  short  stable  litter  being  sound  treat- 
ment for  them. 

Spraving  o(  Fruit  Trees.— Where  the  fruit  trees 
are  old  and  moss-grown  there  is  nothing  more 
effective  for  cleaning  and  re- invigorating  them 
than  a  good  spraying  of  Bentl«y's  Concentrated 
Alkali.  Owing  to  the  dampness  of  our  particular 
district,  trees  here  were  very  subject  to  lichens,  but 
after  two  or  three  seasons  winter  spraying  the 
moss  has  now  disappeared  and  the  trees  are  ever 
so  much  more  healthy  and  fruitful.  Now  that  most 
pruning  is  finished,  the  spraying  ought  not  to  be 
delayed. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Ground  for  Sweet  Peas. — When  the  digging 
operations  are  on  it  is  well  to  see  that  special 
attention  is  accorded  the  site  for  the  planting  or 
sowing  of  the  Sweet  Peas  for  the  ensuing  season. 
1 1  is  often  desirable,  from  a  certain  point,  to  grow 
Sweet  Peas  on  the  same  place  year  after  year, 
perhaps  with  a  view  to  screening  a  portion  of  the 
vegetable  garden  or  other  part.  If  this  be  the  case, 
then  it  is  essential  that  the  soil  be  renewed,  as 
nothing  more  enjoys  a  change  of  soil,  and  gives  finer 
results  accordingly,  than  the  Sweet  Pea.  A  trench 
about  2  J  feet  in  depth  should  be  thrown  out  and 


NEW    AND     RARE    PLANTS 


FIRST-CLASS     CERTIFICATES. 

Lselio-Cattleya    Schroderae    var.     Conqueror 

(L.-C.  Bella  alba  x  C.  Maggie  Raphael  alba).— 
A  magnificent  novelty  to  which  no  pen-picture 
could  do  full  justice.  Outstanding  varieties  of 
this  set  have  hitherto  gained  the  same  high 
award,  though  without  hesitation  we  say  that 
in  the  expanse  of  its  flowers,  breadth  and  lustrous 
purity  of  its  petals  and  the  intense  wine  purple 
of  its  lip  the  variety  under  review  surpasses  them 
all.  Handsome  and  imposing,  it  is  a  novelty  of 
which  any  raiser  might  justly  be  proud.  From 
Baron  Bruno-Schroder,  The  Dell,  Engleficld 
Green  (gardener.  Mr.  J.  E.  Shill). 

Odontgolossum    Hypatia    McBean's    Variety 

(O.  ardentissimum  x  Odontioda  Diana). — A 
strikingly  distinct  novelty  of  ferrugineous  red 
tone  over  which  spreads  an  enriching  sheen. 
Both  petals  and  sepals  have  wavy  mauve-coloured 
margins,  their  tips  tapering  and  of  unusual  length. 


FUCHSIA     DELIGHT,     ONE     OF     THE     BEST     OUT     OF     DOORS. 


a  layer  of  thoroughly  rotted  cow  manure  put  in  the 
bottom.  Then  fill  the  trench  to  within  a  few  inches 
of  the  top  with  soil  from  the  previous  years  Melon 
pits  and  Tomato  boxes,  and  also,  if  it  can  be  spared, 
a  goodly  sprinkling  of  broken  turf  from  the  stack. 
The  extra  work  entailed  will  be  amply  repaid 
during  the  season  by  the  additional  vigour  and 
flowering  propensities  of  the  plants. 

James  McGrax. 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.) 
Coodkam,  Kilmarnock,  N.B. 


DUTCH     BROWN    BEANS 

To  be  used  with  Grilled  Bacon  as  a  Breakfast  Dish 

Soak  half  a  pound  of  Beans  overnight,  boil  in  salted 
water  with  ham  bone,  bacon  fat  or  anything  for 
flavouring  until  tender.  Grease  a  fireproof  dish 
and  put  in  some  of  the  Beans,  a  little  Tomato  sauce 
and  a  little  golden  syrup  (about  a  teaspoonful)  ; 
then  add  another  layer  of  Beans,  Tomato  sauce 
golden  syrup  and  so  on  until  the  dish  is  full.  Pour 
over  some  brown  gravy  or  stock,  cover  with  lid, 
and  bake  for  several  hours  in  a  slow  oven  until 
quite  soft.  If  no  fireproof  dish  is  available,  an 
ordinary  piedish  covered  with  a  plate  will  answer 
the  purpose  quite  well. 


The   lip   margin   is   also   coloured   mauve.     I'rom 
Messrs.  McBean,  Cooksbridge, 

AWARDS     OF     MERIT. 

Odontioda  Madeline  McBean's  Variety  (Odon- 
tioda Charlesworthii  x  Odontoglossum  crispum).' — ■ 
A  remarkable  novelty  of  terra-cotta  red  lightly 
chequered  gold.  The  flowers  are  of  exceptional 
substance  and  unusual  texture.  The  gold  fringed 
lip  is  a  distinct  feature. 

Odontioda  Cilleham  var.  Ada  Evans  (0.  Joan 
X  Odontoglossum  illustrisimum). — Save  for  a 
narrow  white  margin,  the  whole  flower  is  of  a 
clouded  chocolate  tone,  very  solid  looking  and 
good.  These  were  from  Messrs.  McBean,  Cooks- 
bridge. 

Odontonia  Ceres  (M.  Bleuana  x  O.  Lawrence- 
anum  Cobbianum). — In  form  this  fine  hybrid 
approximates  to  Miltonia,  the  sepals  and  petals 
soft  yellow  colour,  the  base  of  the  lip  marked 
with  red.  From  Messrs.  Charlesworth  and  Co., 
Hayward's  Heath. 

Ctiarleswortheara  nobilis  (Oncidium  macran- 
thum  X  Miltonioda  Ajax). — ^The  flowers  are  of  large 
size,  of  a  lustrous  maroon  and  conspicuously 
tipped    gold.     The   lip   is    also   similarly    touched 


with  gold.  The  much-branched  raceme  is  very 
suggestive  of  the  Oncidium  influence.  Shown  by 
Messrs.  Charlesworth. 

Odontoglossiun  Faustina  (eximium  x  Dora). — 
.\  handsome  novelty  coloured  white  on  mauve 
ground  and  with  mauve  suffused  margin.  The 
lip  is  white  tipped. 

Odontoglossum  Rufus  (parentage  unrecorded). 
— The  flowers  are  of  reddish  violet  hue  with  white 
margin  and  lip.  The  petals  are  pointed  and 
tapering.  These  were  shown  by  W.  R.  Fasey, 
Esq  ,  Snaresbrook  (gardener,  Mr.  E.  J.  Seymoiu:). 

Carnation  Cupid.-— .A  British-raised  novelty 
of  self  pink  colour  and  which  gained  an  award  of 
merit  from  the  British  Carnation  Society  in 
December  last.  Shown  by  the  raiser,  Mr.  C. 
fenglemann.  Saffron  Walden. 

Clirysanthemum  Autocrat.— A  pure  white 
decorative  variety,  the  flower-heads  being  of 
large  size,  in  excellent  condition  and  perfectly 
fresh.  All  were  supported  on  strong  2  feet  long 
stems. 

Chrysantliemiun  Autocrat  Incurved. — Differ- 
ing from  the  last  chiefly  in  form,  this  is  also  of 
the  purest  white.  Both  are  of  the  highest  value 
by  reason  of  purity  and  their  late  flowering. 
Both  these  were  shown  by  Messrs.  Lowe  and 
Shawyer,  Uxbridge. 

The  foregoing  novelties  were  shown  before  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  on  January  11,  when 
the  awards  were  made. 


FUCHSIA     DELIGHT 

This  is  one  of  the  most  satisfactory  Fuchsias 
for  summer  use  out  of  doors,  the  clear  scarlet 
and  white  colouring  giving  it  a  specially  clean  and 
vivid  appearance.  It  has  a  close  resemblance  to 
the  old  favourite  Mme.  Cornellison  of  the  same 
colouring,  and  is  probably  a  seedling  from  it, 
but  the  habit  is  rather  better  and  closer  and  the 
bloom  more  abundant.  It  is  not  new,  as  it  is  a 
good  many  years  since  it  was  sent  out  by  Messrs. 
Cannell,  but  among  any  collection  of  Fuchsias 
it  always  stands  out  as  something  specially  bright 
and  attractive.  G.  J. 


SUNROOTS 

I  HAVE  seen  Sunroofs  or  Jerusalem  Artichokes 
grown  under  a  jreat  variety  of  conditions, 
and  it  seems  to  me  that  some  consider  them  so  easy 
to  grow  that  no  particular  care  should  be  taken  in 
cultivating  the  soil,  or  In  selecting  a  proper  situa- 
tion for  them.  In  some  cases  they  may  be  planted 
in  very  shady  situations  because  nothing  else  will 
grow  there.  I  make  no  objection  to  that  point  of 
view ;  but  where  the  whole  garden  is  open  I 
would  give  them  the  best  of  cultivation  so 
that  the  desired  weight  of  crop  could  be  sectired 
from  the  smallest  space.  Many  discover  that  they 
grow  too  tall  and  cut  down  the  stems  to  3  feet 
or  4  feet,  because  they  shade  some  other  crop. 
That  limits  the  possible  weight  of  crop.  If  planted 
along  the  north  side  of  a  piece  of  ground,  the 
stems  cannot  shade  anything  and  should  be 
allowed  to  grow  as  tall  as  they  will.  The  east 
side  of  a  piece  of  ground  would  be  less  objectionable 
than  the  west  side,  for  the  above  reason.  The 
same  piece  of  grotmd,  however,  may  be  used  year 
after  year,  if  mamu"ed  and  dug  deeply  and 
trenched  every  third  year.  Last  year  I  dug  1271b. 
from  a  line  24  feet  long,  so  it  is  quite  a  profitable 
crop  to  grow.  The  soil  was  only  6  inches  deep, 
overlying  gravel,  yet  the  stems  were  8  feet  to  10 
feet  high.  Hortulanus. 


January  22,  1921.] 

EARLY   VEGETABLES 

A   LTHOUGH    the   more   favourable  weather 
/%       conditions     experienced     some     seasons 

/  %  make  the  need  for  early  vegetables 
^"^%  somewhat  less  acute,  tliere  is  generally, 
"I  think,  a  keen  interest  displayed  in 
obtaining  one  or  two  kinds  to  add  to  tlie  available 
supplies.  Among  the  vegetables  easily  responding 
to  early  treatment  is  Asparagus,  and  seldom  is  an 
early  supply  of  this  delicious  vegetable  unappre- 
ciated. Place  three  year  old  crowns  fairly  close 
together  on  a  gentle  hotbed  and  cover  with  fine 
soil.  An  occasional  watering,  and  some  air  admitted 
to  the  frame  on  mild  days  is  all  the  attention 
necessary. 

The  French  Bean,  so  well  known  for  early  work, 
is  generally  grown  in  pots  in  warm  fruit  houses, 
but  failing  such  accommodation,  excellent  results 
may  be  obtained  by  sowing  in  rows  in  frames  on  a 
mild  hotbed,  or  if  sown  in  pots,  plunge  them  in  the 
material.  Peas  and  Broad  Beans  are  also  easily 
managed  if  space  is  available.  Pots,  boxes  or 
narrow  borders  will  accommodate  them,  or  again 
the  ever  valuable  cold  frame  will  give  excellent 
returns  several  weeks  in  advance  of  anything 
which  could  possibly  be  expected  from  the  most 
favourable  position  outdoors.  Early  Carrots  and 
Turnips,  too.  easily  respond  to  treatment  in  a 
frame  with  a  mild  hotbed.  Another  acceptable 
dish  not  difficult  to  grow  is  Seakale.  Early 
supplies  may  be  obtained  by  placing  the  crowns 
in  large  pots  or  boxes  in  a  forcing  house  or  Mush- 
room house,  taking  care  to  exclude  all  light,  to 
ensure  proper  blanching.  Another  way  is  to  place 
pots  or  boxes  over  some  of  the  crowns  growing 
in  outside  beds,  and  tlien  cover  the  whole  with 
leaves  or  a  mixture  of  leaves  and  strawy  manure 

Cauliflowers  and  Potatoes  are  two  vegetables 
rarely  obtained  too  early,  but  oft-times  cannot  be 
managed  owing  to  lack  of  necessary  room.  The 
former  will,  however,  yield  excellent  heads  in 
8-inch  pots  if  space  can  be  found,  and  also  in  a 
irame  of  sufficient  depth.  Potatoes  are  somewhat 
more  easily  managed,  and  a  small  early  supply 
may  be  obtained  from  pots,  boxes  or  narrow 
borders.  Always  use  a  light  open  soil  and  an 
approved  early  variety  with  not  too  much  haulm. 
In  all  cases  it  is  wise  to  select  varieties  of  proved 
•early  merit  when  dealing  with  forcing  vegetables, 
and  a  somewhat  important  point,  when  growing 
them  in  frames  where  there  is  no  artificial  heat, 
is  to  cover  well  up  on  cold  nights.  H.  T. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— TAe  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  THE  Gardes  /lelp/td  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Ayiswers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  he 
clearly  and  concisely  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street.  Covent  Garden  London,  IF.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  flowering 
shoo's,  wlu-re  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


THE    GREENHOUSE. 

LILIUM  HARRISII  UNSATISFACTORY  (C.  C,  Surrey). 
— As  the  bulbs  haw  ma(i.>  roots  very  freely,  it  suggests 
that  the  failure  of  the  liower-buds  to  develop  is  due  to 
lack  of  food.  This  Lily  is  a  gross  feeder  when  cultivated 
in  pots,  benefiting  by  liberal  supplies  of  liquid  cow  manure, 
guano  and  Clay's  Fertilizer.  It  may  be  worth  while 
saving  the  best  plants  and  putting  them  outside  in  May 
on  a  warm  west  border. 


THE     GARDEN. 


MESEIWBRYANTHEMUM  TIGRINUM  OJaure  Poppy 
Tewkesbury).— As  the  soil  is  so  hard,  thoroughly  soak 
it  with  water.  It  should  then  be  possible  to  remove  the 
soil  from  the  junctions  of  the  parent  plants  and  the  two 
offsets.  Sever  the  union  between  the  parent  and  offspring 
with  an  old  table  knife.  If  roots  are  attached  to  the  otfsets 
pot  up  in  the  ordinary  way.  Failing  roots,  place  the 
pieces  in  moist  sand  on  a  hot  sunny  shelf,  or  in  a  window 
facing  south.  March  or  April  is  the  best  time  to  divide 
tlie  plant. 

WINTER  TREATiaENT  OF  VARIOUS  PLANTS  (H.  B.  P., 

//ai-foiir/).— Hydrangeas  should  be  kept  in  a  cool  green- 
house, a  trost-proof  shed  or  in  a  cellar  during  the  winter, 
keeping  the  soil  fairly  dry,  though  not  dry  enough  to 
shrivel  the  roots.  Plumbago  capensis  may  be  kept 
moderately  dry  at  the  roots  in  a  cool  greenhouse  during 
the  winter,  which  is  the  resting  season.  The  name 
"  Bottle  Brush  "  is  often  used  in  reference  to  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  flowers  of  Callistemon  (Metrosideros)  speciosus. 
This  is  a  West  Australian  plant  and  requires  cool  green- 
house treatment  similar  to  a  Heath  and  Acacia.  Passiflora 
floribunda  requires  little,  if  any,  water  during  the  winter. 
The  long  shoots  may  be  shortened  in  early  winter,  but 
defer  the  final  pruning  until  early  spring. 


TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

PRUNING    VARIOUS    TREES    (C.    E.    A.,    Ottery    St. 
Maryj.—Ceanothus    Gloire    de    Versailles    should    have 


BROAD     BEAN     BECK  S     DWARF     GREEN    GEIVI 
IN     FLOWER. 


the  younger  shoots  shortened.  Those  secured  to  the 
wall  may  be  shortened  about  half-way,  and  shoots 
standing  out  from  the  wall  may  be  shortened  to  two 
or  three  buds.  Buddleia  Veitchiana  may  be  pruned 
back  to  within  a  few  inches  of  the  ground.  These  two 
plants  may  be  pruned  at  once.  Prunus  triloba  should 
have  its  flowering  shoots  well  shortened  as  soon  as  the 
flowers  fade.  The  Cherry  and  Plums  will  probably 
require  little  other  pruning  than  the  removal  of  inside 
shoots  and  shortening  ot  the  longer  branches ;  it  is 
impossible,  however,  to  suggest  how  much  pruning  is 
necessary  without  seeing  the  trees.  If  possible,  our 
correspondent  should  get  a  local  gardener  to  examine 
the  trees,  and  no  doubt  he  will  give  his  advice  on  pruning 
them. 

SOWING      SEED     OF     PERNETTYA     MUCRONATA 

(B.  E.  B.,  Dckfield). — Before  sowing  seeds  of  Peinettya 
mucronata  the  seeds  must  be  separated  from  the  fruits 
for  if  the  fruits  are  so-wn  whole,  germination  will  be  poor. 
The  seeds  may  be  sown  in  shallow  pans  or  boxes  indoors 
at  the  present  time.  Drain  the  pans  or  boxes  well  with 
crocks,  and  over  the  crocks  place  rough  leaves  or  peat. 
On  this  place  sandy  peat,  to  within  half  an  inch  of  the 
top,  pressed  moderately  firm,  over  which  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  of  sifted  peat  and  sand  must  be  placed.  On  the 
smoothlv-pressed  surface  sow  ■  the  seeds  thinly.  Cover 
the  whole  with  a  sheet  of  glass,  shaaed  with  paper,  and 
water  by  soakage,  holding  the  pan  in  water  and  allowing 
the  water  to  soak  upwards.  It  is  unnecessary  to  cover 
the  seeds  with  soil.  ^Vhen  the  seedlings  are  large  enough 
to  handle,  prick  them  out  an  inch  apart  in  boxes,  after- 
wards placing  them  in  nursery  borders. 

GREEN  DUST  ON  TREES  (,E.  B.,  Neu'bury).—Tbe 
green  dust  on  tree  trunks  is  neither  lichen,  moss  nor 
mould,  but  an  alga;  and  one  of  the  simplest  of  gicen  plants. 
Green,  and  therefore  able  to  do  everything  for  itself, 
including  the  making  of  its  own  food  ;  simple,  for  it 
consists  of  one  cell  only,  microscopical  in  size,  yet  able 
to  carry  on  all  the  functions  (apart  from  the  production 
of  many  parts),  of  a  large  green  plant  itself. 


49 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

APPLE     ORCHARDS   (F.    G.,   Beswall).— Good    Apple 

orchards  are  to  be  found  in  the  neighbourhoods  of  Wisbech 

and  Maidstone.     The  best  plan  would  be  to  visit  those 

towns  and  get  into  touch  with  the  various  finit-growing 

NAMES  OF  PLANTS.— F.  G.,  Heswall.—AznTa   micro- 

phylla. E.     31,     M..     Siissex.~l,     Garrya    eliiptica : 

i,  Leycesteria  tormosa  (broi\-n  flowers). — — H.  N.   Benley 

—    Sea  Buekthoru  "  (Hippopha;  rhamnoides). A    B  ' 

New  Zealand.— From  the  description  given  we  think 
the  plant  to  be  a  pure  white  foim  ot  Pieonia  albiflora. 
It  IS  impossible  to  name  with  ceitaintv  without  seeing 
a  specimen.     Please  send  a  dried  specimen.     The  runnine 

habit  IS  unusual. E.  E.,  Lockinge.—Junipems  chinen- 

sis.  juvenile  and  adult  forms. A .  O.  TV.,  Abergavenny.— 

Linope  spicata,  var.  variegata. 


Around    the     Markets 

FLOWERS  generally  are  very  scarce,  and  it 
IS  only  the  retailer  with  a  high-class  trade 
who  can  afford  to  buy  enough  to  make  a 
decent  window  show.  Paper  White  Narcissus 
which  only  quite  recently  were  almost  given 
away,  are  now  at  famine  prices,  for  there  is 
at  the  moment  a  scarcity  of  these  flowers. 
On  one  day  this  week  only  a  solitary  pad  of  Paper  Whites 
of  really  good  quality  was  for  sale,  and  that  fetched 
72s.,  which  works  out  at  Is.  6d.  per  bunch,  and  these 
were  precisely  similar  to  those  my  confreres  and  I  were 
.able  to  sell  from  our  barrows  at  2d.  per  bunch  a  fortnight 
before  Christmas.  Such  is  one  of  the  results  of  the  cold 
snap  which  came  along  a  few  days  later  and  induced  the 
weather  prophets  to  predict  the  "  old-fashioned  Christmas 
weather,  which  did  not  materialise.  These  Paper 
\Vliites  are  all  grown  out  of  doors  in  the  .South  of  France 
■'o  It  is  evident  that  the  weather  in  the  Sunny  Ki\iera 
i>  as  uncertain  as  ours. 

With  Paper  Whites  so  dear,  it  follows  that  Soliel  d'Or 
and  Golden  Spur  are  even  dearer  ;  the  best  of  the  Daffodils 
liave  been  just  double  the  price  of  the  Paper  ^\Tiite 
.Narcissus.  On  the  other  hand.  Mimosa  and  Violets 
irom  across  the  Channel  are  decidedly  more  plentiful 
and  Enghsh-grown  Arum  Lilies  are  over  plentUul  and 
■  luite  cheap.  The  frost  is  again  to  blame  in  the  case  of 
tlie  .\rums.  Many  growers  intended  to  have  good  batches 
t.ir  thristmas,  but  those  few  days  of  cold  weather  arrested 
.  rv.lupment,  and  now  there  is  a  glut  with  verj'  little 
•  I.  luaiid.  This  is  only  one  of  the  disappointments"  of  the 
v'lowei  for  market,  and  the  loss  is,  of  course,  considerable 
Lihum  longiflorum  and  the  Uke  are  in  a  similar  state 
lor  the  same  reason. 

The  new  flowers,  though  not  in  any  quantity  are 
Snowdrops,  Wallflowers  and  forced  Lilac,  and  these  give 
quite  a  spring-like  effect.  Carnations  are  not  so  much 
wanted,  so  their  prices  will  have  to  come  do^vn.  Somewhat 
anaemic  Chatenay  Roses  And  purchasers  at  prices  which 
leave      A.  Coster"  breathless. 

Among  the  Guernsey  Freesias  were  to  be  seen  some  of 
t  he  comparatively  new  coloured  varieties,  but  it  is  the 
"Id  F.  refracta  alba  that  is  most  wanted. 

Among  pot  plants  are  some  attractive  little  plants  ot 
1  lie  Bird  s  Nest  Fern,  which  I  am  told  is  known  to  scientific 
people  as  Asplenium  Nidus  A\is,  and  when  fully  grown 
has  fronds  over  5  feet  long,  so  that,  if  thev  live  these 
fasTinatiug  little  plants  will  not  do  for  the  front  window 
Irmt  of  most  seasonable  kinds  is  very  plentiful  and 
reasonably  cheap.  Many  of  the  Apples  now  to  be  had 
are  from  cold  storage,  where  they  were  placed  when  too 
many  were  arriving,  but  with  20,000  cases  from  the  Cape 
expected  and  the  regular  Western  supplies  it  was  time  to 
clear  them  out.  Oranges  and  Dates  arc  also  quite  cheap 
and  good.  Home-grown  Grapes  are  still  too  cheap  to 
be  profitable.  '^ 

Green  vegetables  are  at  a  premium,  and  here  again 
the  cold  snap  is  responsible.  Kale  was  just  pre-i-iouslv 
overplentiful  and  soft,  so  there  is  very  little  now,  and 
Cabbages  have  risen  greatly  in  price.  Asparagus  does 
not  seem  to  appeal  strongly  to  the  New  Rich,  and  pi  ices 
were  so  unsatistactorj'  that  supplies  from  Frai  ee  have 
ceased. 

Canary   Tomatoes   are   quite   good  samples   and   very 
cheap,  though  for  quality  they  cannot  compare  with  the 
tiiRlish  and  Guernsey-grown  which  have  just  finished. 
January  14.  a.  Costee. 


TRADB     NOTB. 


Joseph  Bentley,  Limited. 
Havino  acquired  the  goodwill  of  the  old-established 
business  formerly  carried  on  by  Messrs.  B.  Eddy  and  Sons 
at  Torleven  Works,  Porthleven,  Cornwall,  Messrs.  Joseph 
Bentley,  Limited,  are  now  supplying  all  the  goods  (oettines 
shadings,  strings.  *c.)  hitherto  supplied  by  Messrs.  Eddys' 
All  orders  should  be  sent  direct  to  J.  Bcntlev  Limited' 
Barrow-on-Humbcr,  Hull.  " 


PUBLICATIONS    RECEIVED. 

Tlie  Orchid    Review,  November — December    ig^o    edited 
by  11.  A.  Rolfe.    Published  by  Frank  Leslie  and  Co 
12,  Lawn  Crescent,  Kew  Gardens,  Surrey  ;    price  Is. 

"  Ti"l,^T*i  Pea  Annual,  1921,"  edited  by  J.  S.  Bnmton. 
Pubhshed  by  the  Sweet  Pea  Society.  Copies  may  be 
obtained  from  the  Secretary,  Mr.  H  D  Tiswell 
Greenford,     Jliddlesex ;    price  5s.  •        b       > 

"  '"''"i?8's  Press  Guide  1921,"  Published  by  J.  Willinc 
Limited,  125,  Strand,  W.C.2,  and  33,  Knight.bridgf' 
S.W.I ;    price  2s.,  post  free  2s.  Bd. 


50 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January-  22,  1921. 


POULTRY     NOTES 

By     W.     POWELL-OWEN,     F.B.S.A. 


How  much  happier  would  poultry- 
keepers  be  if  their  cocks  and  cockerels 
did  not  "  scrap."  The  duck-breeder 
is  faced  with  no  such  terrors,  as  ducks 
and  drakes  are  not  such  "  squabblers  " 
Of  late  I  have  recei%-ed  many  letters  from  readers 
asking  what  should  be  done  to  make  the  males 
agree. 

Care  of  Cockerels. — When  kept  together  from 
a  young  age  cockerels  will  agree  almost  to  the 
time  that  mating-up  comes  round ;  but  adult 
cocks  give  more  trouble.  As  we  are  on  the  eve 
of  the  hatching  season,  it  may  be  timely  to  describe 
a  cockerel  house  and  pens  used  by  Mr.  Leslie 
Williams  on  his  poultry  farm  at  Easton,  Grantham. 
It  consists  of  a  continuous  house  divided  into 
3-feet  compartments,  each  fitted  up  with  a  drop- 
board  and  perch.  Each  inner  compartment  has 
an  outer  wire-netting  run,  which  is  boarded  up 
at  the  bottom  to  prevent  the  inmates  fighting 
with  their  neighbours  through  the  wire-netting. 
Having  a  walk  down  the  centre,  the  house  has 
compartments  down  each  side  with  runs  front 
and  back.  During  the  growing  stages  several 
cockerels  are  reared  together  in  each  compart- 
ment and  outer  run,  and  when  those  birds  reared 
for  stock  are  sold  to  customers,  only  the  males 
intended  for  home  use  are  kept  on,  each  having 
a  compartment  and  run. 

Selection  of  Cockerels. — Where  rearing  is 
carried  on  extensively  such  a  house  will  easily 
repay  its  cost  of  erection,  and  specialist  breeders 
of  stock  cannot  boast  of  a  complete  or  up-to-date 
plant  without  such  a  structure.  The  cockerels 
are  not  knocked  about  as  on  the  "  flock"  system, 
and  each  bird  has  a  fair  chance  to  develop.  Even 
small  poultry-keepers  should  take  steps  to  have 
a  special  department  for  the  males.  It  is  very 
unwise  to  keep  but  one  male ;  it  is  far  sounder 
to  run  on  several  selected  ones  to  maturity,  so 
that  the  final  choice  can  be  made.  The  small 
poultry-keeper  might  make  use  of  the  "  cockerel- 
box  "  type  of  house.  This  is  a  small  structure 
used  for  the  growing  chickens  after  they  leave 
the  foster-mothers  and  do  not  require  artificial 
heat.  One  can  divide  each  into  two  compart- 
ments, fit  up  movable  dropboards  and  perches, 
and  erect  small  wire-netting  outer  runs.  A 
knowledge  of  carpentry  is  a  very  valuable  asset 
to  poultry-farmers  who  can  then  erect  any  small 
houses  needed. 

A  Question  of  Plant. — On  the  eve  of  the 
hatching  season  a  warning  might  be  given  about 
over-rearing.  Many  poultry-keepers  go  through 
the  season  hatching  out  brood  after  brood  without 
any  thought  as  to  the  plant  to  accommodate 
the  number.     Not  a  few  possessing  an  incubator 


for  the  first  time  are  so  anxious  to  put  eggs  into 
it  that  they  forget  a  foster-mother  is  needed  wherein 
to  rear  the  chicks  that  come  out.  It  is  the  greatest 
mistake  to  set  any  eggs  before  the  programme  for 
the  season  has  been  mapped  out.  Overcrowding 
means  heavy  mortality  among  chickens,  and 
one  cannot  afford  to  risk  it.  Therefore  if  one 
has  plant  sufficient  only  to  accommodate  a  hundred 
youngsters,  do  not  rear  a  greater  nmnber.  If 
one  desires  to  rear  more,  then  be  sure  to  increase 
the  plant  beforehand. 

Drop  in  Egg-production. — Each  year  about 
this  time  I  receive  letters  from  querists  who 
wish  to  know  why  they  have  experienced  a  drop 
in  egg- production  Commencing  to  lay  early 
and  well,  there  has  been  a  sudden  drop  in  the 
supply  of  eggs,  leaving  the  owners  quite  nonplussed 
as  to  the  likely  causes.  One  of  the  main  causes 
is  lack  of  tone,  and  this  more  often  than  not 
follows  a  course  of  underfeeding.  When  in  full 
flush  of  lay  pullets  need  a  liberal  diet  if  heavy 
egg-production  is  to  be  maintained,  and  it  is 
for  the  owner  to  see  that  underfeeding  does  not 
take  place  and  that  the  tone  of  the  birds  is  kept 
up.  In  some  cases  this  lack  of  tone  follows  a 
change  of  foodstuffs  and  to  a  mash  that  is  not 
so  nourishing  as  the  previous  one.  Too  many 
poultry- keepers  think  in  quantity  as  against 
quality  in  feeding,  as  well  as  other  departments. 
The  quality  of  the  ingredients  of  both  grain  and 
meal  mixtures  is  vitally  important,  and  all  who 
keep  poultry  should  get  to  know  what  are  good 
and  bad  samples  of  foodstuiTs. 

Changing  the  Menu. — I  have  repeatedly 
warned  my  readers  against  completely  changing 
their  mashes  and  the  dangers  brought  on  by 
sudden  changes.  Poultry  need  a  change  now 
and  then  if  only  to  keep  the  appetites  keen,  but 
only  the  basis  or  foundation  of  the  mash  should 
be  altered.  On  any  system  where  Sussex  ground 
oats  or  biscuit-meal  forms  the  basis  one  can  with- 
hold the  one  for  the  other  now  and  then,  and  some- 
times give  half  of  each.  When  layers  have  been 
brought  into  full  production  on  a  given  mash, 
why  change  it  for  another  ?  I  am,  of  course, 
referring  to  the  winter  egg  season  that  runs  from 
October  to  March  inclusive,  because  in  the  summer 
"anything  in  feathers"  will  lay  well.  In  the 
majority  of  cases  I  am  sure  it  is  for  want  of  an 
objective,  the  owners  not  knowing  what  con- 
stitutes successful  winter  egg- production.  If  they 
will  work  for  my  four  eggs  per  bird  weekly  average 
a  complete  change  of  feeding  is  unnecessary  once 
the  numlxr  is  obtained. 

Foods  and  Feeding. — It  is  dangerous  to  think 
of  quantities  only  when  feeding  for  egg-production. 
One  can  obtain  eggs  in  plenty  on  a  tea  of  2J0ZS. 
of  wet  mash  per  bird  per  diem,  providing  it  is 
well  blended ;  but  one  could  not  expect  eggs 
on  2J0ZS.  of  bran  scalded  and  dried  off  with  bran. 
The  fowls  must  be  able  to  get  nourishment  out 
of  the  food,  and  before  they  can  do  this  quality 
must  be  in  the  foodstuffs.  If  the  mash  lacks 
body  it  may  bring  the  burds  on  to  lay,  but  is  not 
nourishing  enough  to  keep  them  at  it  over  the 
winter  season.  In  like  manner,  if  one  is  using 
a  sound  feeding  mash  and  changes  it  for  another 
of  less  value  the  birds  lose  tone  and  there  comes 
this  drop  in  egg- production  to  which  I  have 
referred.  Many  accidently  fall  into  the  trap 
by  relying  on  complete  meals,  some  brands  of 
which  are  excellent,  while  others  are  of  quite 
low  value  from  the  viewpoint  of  egg-production. 
It  is  a  pity  that  it  is  not  compulsory  for  all  such 


mixtures  to  carry  a  list  of  the  ingredients  therein 
No  small  poultry- keeper  cares  to  pay  a  guinea 
or  two  to  have  a  complete  analysis  made,  so  that 
we  must  buy  approved  mixtures  and  use  discretion. 

Feeding  the  Adult  Hens. — Never  get  into 
the  habit  of  thinking  that  anything  will  do  to 
give  to  poultry.  One  can  maintain  birds  on  a 
cheap  menu,  but  eggs  are  produced  by  food  and 
nourishment  left  to  the  bird  after  maintenance 
has  been  attended  to,  also  the  repaurs.  Adult 
hens  need  very  careful  attention  during  the 
moult,  and  once  the  new  feathers  commence  to 
come  through,  short  rations  will  prove  harmlol. 
To  get  the  adults  over  the  moult  they  need  a  liberal 
diet,  and  then  they  will  be  brought  into  condition 
safely  and  early.  That  is  easy  to  understand  if 
it  is  taken  for  granted  that  the  moult  places  a 
very  severe  strain  on  the  system.  That  is  the 
danger  of  relying  on  hens  for  breeding  purposes, 
as  they  do  not  come  into  laj-ing  condition  very 
early  unless  especially  cared  for. 

Breeding  from  Hens.— Hens  that  are  not 
well  fed  and  housed  while  the  new  feathers  are 
growing  Avill  "  hang  in  the  moult"  and  be  late 
in  restarting  to  lay.  .-^s  a  consequence,  eggs 
from  them  are  not  fertile  till  late,  and  very  few 
eggs  can  be  incubated  to  get  early  chicks.  One 
can  do  much  to  get  them  fit  by  judicious  and 
liberal  feeding,  and  the  next  item  of  vital 
importance  is  to  keep  the  birds  protected  from 
the  imfavourable  elements.  To  let  moulting 
hens  have  free  range  when  they  are  getting  their 
new  feathers,  thereby  being  unprotected  from 
changeable  weather,  is  to  see  them  "  hang  in  the 
moult."  On  unfavourable  days  confine  the  hens 
to  their  scratching  sheds  or  intensive  houses, 
where  they  can  have  plenty  of  scratching  exercise 
and  shelter  until  the  new  feathers  are  well  through. 
Apart  from  the  drawbacks,  the  best  mating  is 
undoubtedly  adult  second-season  hens  and  a 
vigorous  yearling  cockerel. 

Those  Early  Pullets. — To  breed  continuously 
from  pullets  is  not  a  sound  proposition,  because, 
starting  to  lay  in  October  and  continuing  right 
through  to  March,  it  is  rather  unwise  to  expect 
them  to  continue  as  breeders  to  yield  robust 
chicks.  But  the  use  of  pullets  now  and  then 
is  in  order  where  circumstances  force  this  mating, 
but  one  should  use  with  them  an  early  vigorous 
cockerel.  The  advantage  of  using  pullets  in  the 
breeding  pens  lies  in  the  fact  that  eggs  are  forth- 
coming early  in  the  season  and  one  can  get  on 
with  hatching  nice  and  early.  Everything  points 
in  favour  of  the  very  early-hatched  pullets. 
Brought  out  in  February,  say,  in  heavy  breeds, 
these  pullets  will  lay  in  the  late  summer  and 
early  autumn,  go  into  a  partial  moult,  and  come 
up  fresh  for  laying  and  mating. 


ADVICE   ON   POULTRY   MATTERS. 

Mr.  W.  Powell-Owen,  The  Garden  Poultry 
Expert,  will  be  pleased  to  answer,  free  0/  charge,  any 
question  dealing  with  pmiltry-keeping.  A  stamped 
and  addressed  envelope  should  be  enclosed,  when  a 
lengthy  and  detailed  reply  will  be  posted  promptly. 
Communications  should  be  sent  to  Mr.  W.  Powell- 
Owen,  care  0/  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.2.  Samples  of  foods  {report  thereon  and 
suggested  use),  is.  6d.  ;  postmortems,  2S.  6d.  each. 
Send  samples  and  dead  fowls  (latter  by  rail  and  letters 
under  separate  cover)  direct  to  W.  Powell-Owen. 
"  Powell-Owen  "  Poultry  Bureau,  47A,  High  Street, 
Hampstead,  N.W.^- 


January  22,   1021.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


V. 


For  GARDENS,  GREENHOUSES  &.  LAWNS,   illustrated  catalogue  free. 

OLD  MEDALS — London,  Shrewsbury,  LiverpooL  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Cardiff,  Wolverhampton,  York,  B'ham,&c. 
WEBB    &   SONS,    Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  STOURBRIDGE. 


NATIONAL  SWEET  PEA   SOCIETY 

21st   Exhibition    1921. 

£25  for  Three  Bunches 

If  our  3  novelties    Gladys,  Giant    Attraction, 

Sensation  are  in  the  1st  Prize  ENhibit  Class  1 

1 0O  Guinea  "  Daily  IVIaii  "  Cup 

we  will  give  winner  £25.     If  only  1  bunch  £5, 
if  2  £15,  if  3  £25. 

Our    Novelties   can    be   obtained   from    most 
seedsmen,  12  seeds  1  /6  or  direct : 

E.  W.  KING  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Sweet  Pea  Raisers, 
Coggeshall,     Essex. 

The    largest    English    Sweet    Pea    Growers. 


I  Wt^  giant 

m^         SWEET  PEAS 

Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM. 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  the  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  possess  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named  5/6 

18           „                   ..  8/- 

24                                                ..  10/6 

30           ..                                   ..  12(6 

40           ..  17/6 

50           .,                   ..               ..  22/6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH    WITH    ORDER. 

All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality.  m:»gnificent  for  all  purposes.conlaining 
a  wonderful  range  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flo\ver  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of    all   the    Finest    Stveet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECRFORD.FRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.  61),   WEM,   Shropshire. 

Also    {he   finest   Flower   Seeds.    Vegetable 
Seeds.    Potatoes,    etc. 


DoBBiE's  Catalogue 


And  Guide  to  Gardening. 


Spring  1921 


A    FREE    COPY 

Will  be  sent  to  anyone  interested 
in  Oardeninii  %cho  makes  apf>li- 
cation  and  mentions  The  Garden 


Our  House   ii   noted  for    HIGH- 
GRADE  VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER 
SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 
POTATOES,  and  PLANTS. 

IN    SWEET     PEAS    WE     ARE     PRE-EMINENT. 


DOBBIE  Sl  Co.  Ltd. 

EDINBURGH 


Seedsmen  and  Florists  to 
H.M.  the  King 


PERPETUAL    CARNATIONS. 

We    have,    for     prompt     delivery,     well-grown 

healthy  stock. 

Catalogue  free. 

YOUNG  &  Co.,  Hatherley,  Cheltenham. 

Gold  Medallists.  Estd.  1890. 


Oup    CATALOGUE    contains; 


600  Illustrations  from  life  ol  Hardy  Flowering 
Slirubs,  Trees,  Climbers,  Plants  for  the  Waterside, 
Shrubbery,  Avenue,  Woodland,  Bog,  Bamboo, 
Dell  and  Rock  Garden,  witli  description  and 
notes  as  tojplanting.     Copies  gratis  on  application. 


V.  N.  GAUNTLET!  &  Ck).,  Ltd., 
Japanese  Nurseries, 

CHIDDINGFOLD,  Surrey. 


(Carriage;_Pald.' 


WATERERS' 

SUPER 

FRUIT  TREES 


EACH. 

-  7/6 

-  S/-  to  7/6 

-  5/-  to  7/6 

-  5/-  to  7/6 

-  5/-  to  7/6 


PER      DOZ. 

12/- 


Standard   Plums 
Bush  Apples      - 
Bush  Pears 
Bush  Plums 
Bush  Cherries 

IMMACULATE    TREES, 

CLEAN    AND    STURDY 
Currants,    Black 
Red 
\A/hite 

Extra  fine  fruiting  bushes. 

PER    DOZ. 

Loganberry        -        -        18/- 
Phenomenal  Berry        iS/- 

EACH. 

King's  Acre  Berry  5/- 

Inspection    of    our    iMAGNlFICENT     STOCKS    at 
TVVYFORD  NURSERIES  iswelcomed  and  solicited. 

Desert fiive  Catalogue  and  Guide  free  on  at't'I'cafion. 

JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP,  Ltd.. 

The    Nurseries,   TWYFORD,   Berks. 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  22,  1921. 


4- 


Awarded  143  Qold  Medals  at  the  leading 

Shows. 

BOLTON'S 

THE     LEADING     HOUSE    FOR 

Sweet  Peas 


CARNATIONS 


4:- 
4: 

A' 

J. 

-::■ 

4 
-:> 

4^ 

4> 
♦J' 
4: 
4' 

J. 
"■' 

J, 
T[* 

4' 

4^ 

4:- 

4> 
4 

4r 

4 


BOLTON'S  POPULAR  COLLECTIONS   f 
OF  GANT-FLOWERED  SWEET  PEAS.   $ 

^i/  Seeds  arc  carefvlly  hand --picked,  and  all  small,     '^ 
poor  or  doubtful  Seeds  are  taken  out.  i|» 

No.  1    COLLECTION. 

Includes  the  finest  novelties  oj  recent  years. 

Picture,  Glorj',  Annie  Iroland,  Hawlmark  Pink, 
Mrs.  Tom  Jones,  Mrs.  Arnold  Hitchcock,  Felton's 
Cream,  Edith  Cavell,  Tangerine  Improved, 
Valentine,  King  Alfred,  Charity,  Constance  Hinton, 
Jean  Ireland,  R.  F.  Felton,  Gold  Medal,  Commander 
Godsal,  Alexander  Malcolm,  Market  Pink, 
Splendour,  Magic. 

The  above  choice,  up-to-date  varieties,  15  seeds 
of  each,  10i'6  post  free. 

go  No.  2  COLLECTION. 

Picture,  Hawlmark  Pink,  Mrs.  Tom  Jones,  Amiie 
Ireland,  Felton's  Cream,  Orange  Perfection,  R.  F. 
Felton,  Charity,  Valentine,  The  Lady  Evelyn, 
Barbara,  Royal  Purple. 

The  above  choice  varieties,  15  seeds  of  each, 
5/-  post  free. 

No.  3   COLLECTION. 

Glory,     Hawlmark    Pink,    Annie    Ireland,  R.    F. 
Felton,    Charity,    Market   Pink,   Felton's   Cream. 
The  above  seven  exliibition  varieties,  2,6  post  free. 


Catalogue  post  free  on  request. 

ROBERT  BOLTON, 

The  Sweet    Pea  Specialist. 

BAYTHORNEND  (haJ:It*e''ad)   ESSEX 

The  House  for  true  stocks  of  English  Grown  Seeds. 


FOR     ANY     AND 
EVERY     PURPOSE 

LARGE  FLOWERING  PLANTS  in  6  in.  Pots  for  Green- 
house or  Garden  cultivation,  from  35/-  per  dozen,  carriage 
ex  ra.     Immediate  or  deferred  delivery. 


ALLWOODII. 


™J 


THE  DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST    FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  mm,  by  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid. 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life  "  Ltd.,  20 
Tavistock   Street,   Covent  Garden,   ■W.C.2. 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  S  ZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL.  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  \2  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


38.000   SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND    SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

GS,  65a,  Southwark  St.  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


Tlie  new  hardy  Garden  Plant.  Half  Pink  and  half  Carnation, 
it  needs  noculture.  but  grows  by  itself  anywhere,  and  flowers 
perpetually  (rem  Spring  to  Winter.  \\'e  can  give  immediate 
delivery,  and  offer  the  undermentioned  collections; — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties,  11/- 

Coli.  No.Zb.— 9  distinct  varieties  (including  3  novelties).E3(6 

Coil.   Ko.    3b.  — 12     distinct    varieties    (including    all  6 

novelties),  40/- 

Carrlage  and  pacicing  free  for  casli. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET,    6d.    post    free. 

HARDY  BORDER  CARNATIONS. 

We  have  simply  magnificent  stocks  of  all  the  best  varieties. 
The  undermentioned  collections  are  available: — 

Coll.  No.  Ic— 6  distinct  varieties,  12/- 

Coll.    No.    2c.— 12    distinct    varieties.    24- 

Coll.  No.  3c.— 100  Plants  in  tbe   twelve  btsi  standard 

varieties.  140/- 

'  Carriage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

Fully    Illustrate. t    and    descriptive    Catalogue    will    be 
forwarded   post  fiee   on    request. 

I  When  yon  tbink  of  Carnations  yon  tbink  of 


The  leading  Carnation  Raisers  i-nA  Specialists 

in  the  World.  Dept.  4. 
HAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


32nd    SEASON. 

MRS.    PYM'S    FAMOUS   PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

24-  worth   for   20,-     Any   quantity  sent.     All    post  free 
or  carriage  paid  passenger  train.     No  delay. 

Wallflowers,  :ill  colnurs.  separate  or  mixed   new  hybrids, 

,sii.  -i  -  \m.  ;</-.  501).  XL-. 

Magnificent  Strong  Transplanted  Hardy  Perennials, 
Rockery  Plants,  Spring  Flowering  Plants,  Greenhouse 
Plants,  Flowering  Shrubs,  Vegetable  Plants,  etc. 
Catalogue  Free. 

PL.4\T     .VOW     FOR     SCCCI-SS. 

MRS.  PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10  VINE  HOUSE,  Woodston,  PETERBOROUGH 


KING'S  Acre 

75  Gold  Medals  and  1 8  Silver 
Cups  Awarded  to  our  Exhibits 
during     Seasons      1909-1920. 

160  ACRES 


I.N'CLUDING 


FRUIT  TREES, 
VIN 


PORTABLE  SCRAP£R 
AND  BRUSHES. 

Ensures  clean  Bict^  fttbs  h  Homes. 

Varnished    Wood     Pole. 

Galvanised    Steel  Frame. 

Renewalle  St^  Brushes 
Overall  beigbt  52mc!)e5 
Carria-ge  12/6     Paid 

T.  G.  HARRIS    C« 

PorUan.d    Road.  Leicester. 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES,    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS, 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES.    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  &  FRIDAY,  by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67     &    68,     CHEAPSIDE,     E.C.2 

Catalogues  on  Application. 


FOREST  AND  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES  AND  SHRUBS,  ALPINE 
AND  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 

New  Catalogues,  containing  much  use- 
ful information,  free  upon  application. 

King's   Acre    Nurseries 
I  HEREFORD.   ^'^• 


SPRING     OFFER 

OF 

FRUIT  TREES,   ROSES, 
HARDY  PERENNIALS, 

Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

We  are  now  in   a  position    to   give  prompt   delivery. 


The  following  Illustrated  Catalogues  free  on 
request : — 

(1)  Fruit  Trees,  Roses,  Hardy  Perennials. 

(2)  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbers,  etc. 

Good  specimens  of  Cedrus  Deodara,  Cupressus 
Lawsoniana,  Thuya  Lobii,' Abies  Nordmanniana, 
Evergreen  Oaks,  Green  Euonymus,  Limes,  Horse 
Chestnuts,  English  Oaks,  Turkey  Oaks,  Elms  in 
variety,  Copper  Beech,  and  other  trees  suitable  for 
Avenue  or  Ornamental  group  planting. 

Particulars   and    Prices   on    application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd.,, 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


PATENTED! 
IN  THE  U.K.! 
&     ABROAD.r 


THE    CLOCHE    CLIP 

THE    CUP    THAT     HOLDS 

FOR    making  continuous  and  otiier  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants, 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.    Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used,  also  old  photographic  plates.     The  Clip  wlUI 
make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  handled  without  falling  apart. 
Price?/-  doz.    Postage:9d  1d02„  1j-2do2. ;  over2doz.  Carriage  Paid.   Cash  with  order 

Part'Ciiltjrs  and  designs  nf  Cloches  in  vtlrioiis  sluipes  wilt  be  sent  on  ajjplictttion. 

THE    CLOCHE    CLIP    CO.,    94,    Woodbrldge      Road,    Qulldford,    Surrey 


ANTIARY 


I92I. 


THE     GARDEN. 


VII. 


Write    for    ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE    POST    FREE 

from 


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LLOYO  GEORGE  PERPETUAL  FRUIT;NG 

13-  per  do/.. 
Also  my  new  Violet.  20-   per  do/,.,  eatriage  paid. 

J.    J.    KETTLE,   Violet   Farm,    Corfe    Mullen,    Dorset 


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Supplies 


Send  a  Post  Card  for  a  copy 
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and  Descriptive  Catalogue  uf 

Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 


and  other  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds.  No  keen 
gardener  should  be  wUhout  this  most  interestint; 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  croppin>^ 
trial  of  about  30  of  the  most  popular  varieties  of 
Potatoes.    Write  tu-day  mentioning  this  paper. 

Special  quotations  io  large  buyers,  also  to 
Allotment  Associations- 


THYNE  &  SON 


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Merchants 


DUNDEE 


SITUATIONS     VACANT. 


WANTED— Working  Head  Gardener,  well  up 

a  tht'  inanagenniit  of  Tomatoes,  Carnations  and  Giap*'^  foi 
uarkot  purposes. — Apply  T.  E.  Davies,  Batteuhall  Jlouiit. 
.Vorccstcr. 


kVANTED— Married  Head  Gardener,  3    kept 

apablr  vi.<'ctable  and  outdoor.     t<tate  wages  and  agf.     Cutta^i 
'ro^ided. — KECKITT.  East  Mount,  Sutton,  Hull. 


i/VANTED— E.\-Service  Married  Second  Gar- 

■  II'  r,    thri'f    kept  ;     outdoor    work.      State    wages    and    aire. 
"ttage  luovided.— Rf.CKITT.  East  .Mount,  Sutton,  Hull. 


MAURICE  PRIGHARD'S 

:atalo^ue  of  Herbaceous  <.<:  Alpine  Plants, 

Vquatics,  etc.,  now  ready  for  1921.  Many 
e\v  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  therein. 
liew  Aubrietias,   New  Saxifragas. 

New  Moraine  Alpine  Plant  offered  for  first  time — 
irodium   chamaedpyoides   rosea   (R.V.P.) 

Catalogue  sent  free,  2d.  stamp. 

tiverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 

Esf.ihlislu-il   11)  .vi-.M~, 


JOSEPH    BENTLEY    LTD., 

laving  acquired  the  Goodwill  of  the  oid- 
■-tahlished  business  formerly  carried  on  by 
kssis.  B.  Eddy  &  Sons  at  Torleven  Works, 
i-'orthleven,  Cornwall,  are  now  supplying  all 
he  goods  (Netting,  Shadings,  Strings,  etc.) 

hitherto  supplied  by  Messrs.  Eddy's, 
ill  orders  should  be  sent  direct  to  J.  Bentley  Ltd., 

Barrow-onH  umber,  Hull. 
"Complete     Catalogue     furnished    on    application. 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  your  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
or  games  let  us 
know. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIES  Ld. 
Cranmer  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


HEAVY  WINTER  EGG  PRODUCTION 

canndt   hu  ;noidcd  so  loni;  as 

"GORDON     GRAY" 

LIGHT     SUSSEX 

are   re,i;id;\rly  kept   in   VOUR  YARDS. 

EQQS     FOR     HATCH  INQ     NOW     READY. 

Full    particulars    apply         Deansbrook  Poultry  Farm, 

Q.  GORDON  QRAY,  Ltd.     THAXTED  -       ESSEX. 


EUREKA 


WEED  ' 
KILLER 


WINTER  WASH. 


EUREKA 

CAUSTIC     ALKALI 

THE    MOST   EFFECTIVE  WASH     FOR    FRUIT  TREES     Ac. 

IN     K6   TINS     FOR    10    TO    16    GALLS    OF  WASH. 
WORM    KILLER.      LAWN    SAND     &     GARDEN     SUNDRIES, 


.  OnlyAdilrtssrTOMUNSaNiiHAVWARD  Lr>  LINCOLN. 


USE  CORRV'S  CELEBRATED  CONCENTRATED 

(.\ON. POISONOUS) 

WINTER    DRESSING 


FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

(•(kUI.      1  i;.dl.         UGall,        ,'iGall,    lIlCiU 
6.  11|.  25,6         40,.  76/ 

SOLD     BY     THE     TR.iDE     GE.VERALl.V. 

Manufactured    by   CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd.,    London. 


23 


Ouait, 

3  9 


Gipton  College,  Cambridge. 

A  lady  Head  Gardener  will  shortly  be  appointed. 
The  salary  will  beat  the  rate  of  £200  a  year,  with 
a  cottage,  vegetables  and  fruit. 

Applications  should  be  sent  not  later  than  Jan.  2,Sth, 
1921,  to  the  Secretary,  Miss  Clover,  Coleby,  Grange 
Road,  Cambridge,  from  whom  further  particulars 
can  be  obtained. 


PATTISSON'S 
HORSE  (LAWN)   BOOTS 

You  will  need  bools  for  next  season. 
Why  not  have  your  old  ones  repaired  or  new  ones  made 
NOW.   AND    BE    READY  tor  the   Mowing   Season  ? 

Orders  now  despatched  by  return. 
PiicL'  Lists  /roin  the  .yiaiiti/dctiirers  : 

H.  PATTISSON  &  CO.,  Streatham  Common.  S.W.16 


Carriage   Free 

At  our 

Risk 

and 

Expense. 


^r   This  is 

^r    Certific 


is  how  we  offer 
led   Class  i 
Perthshire    Grown 


RE-SELECTED 


SEED  POTATOES 


Grown  for  SEED  ONLY,  on  our  own  (and 
near  Blairgowrie,  railed  to  LIVERPOOL 
and  re-selected,  ready  for  PROMPT 
DISPATCH  Carriage  Paid,  Bags  Free, 
on  orders  of  £1   and  upwards. 


SAFK    DELIVERY  &  SATISFACTION 
GUARANTEED. or  CASH  REFUNDED 


Why  Risk 

Ciin-iafte 

Foricard 

Offers  '  -^— ^^^^.^-^^ 

The  following  potatoes  are   selected 

CROPPIHe  Qualities,  but  we  can  offer 

required,  also  quote  lor  QUANIITIES 

1st.    EARLY.      PRICES       14 

SUTTON'S  HARBINGER  5  9 

SHARPE'S   EXPRESS  6  3 

iDARQILL    EARLY  6  9 

IWITCH    HILL  7- 

2nd    EARLY 
I  ARRAN  COMRADE  6  3 

f  MAJESTIC  5  6 

>EDZELL  BLUE  4  6 

I  GREAT    SCOT  4  6 

KING    EDWARD  4  9 

LATE  or  MAINCROP. 
BISHOP  B.  St  in  .v.  rv  wav   6  6 
'KERR'S    PINK  4  9 

ITINWALD  PERFECTION    S  3 
IGOLDEN    WONDER  4  6 

ARRAN    CHIEF  4  3 

FACTOR  4  3 

Varieties  marked  i  are  immune. 
THE     HOUSE    FOR      OUALITV. 


for  good  TABLE   and 
other  varieties  where 


28  56    112  lb. 

10-  18  6  35- 

11-  20  6  39- 

12-  22  6  43- 
12  9  24-  46/- 

10  9  20  -  38/- 

9  6  17  6  33- 

7  6  13  6  25  - 
7,6  13  6  25  - 

8  3  15/-  28;- 


11  6 

21  6 

41  - 

86 

15  6 

29- 

9- 

16  6 

31  - 

76 

136 

25- 

7)3 

13/- 

24/- 

73 

13- 

24/- 

/ 


Seeds,  Plants,  Manures,  and 
PEST  KILLERS, 
Sprays  and  Sprayers 
or  all  good  things  for 
your  Garden,  Allot- 
ment and  Sports. 


./ 


GARDEN 

SUPPLIES 

LliyilTED 

CRANMER  ST. 

LIVERPOOL. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorlcshire  Grown. 

ALI.    THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No    Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for     List. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed    Potato    Merchants,   YORK. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

THE    BEST   AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancv     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Oi-ders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

i'eccived. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for   llustrated  Price  list. 

RICHAKD     SANKEY     &    SON.    LTD.. 

R<ij.i;    />../(,■,,,». 
BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM 


V  11. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   22,  192 


-? 


He 

in  loose 
bark  and 
lichens 


PROFITS 
Sbop  him! 


To  destroy  mo^s  and  licSen,  to 
remove  loose  rough  bark,  and 
ensure  healthy  vigorous  growth 
and     good     crops     next     season, 

SPRAY  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 
wibK 

COOPER'S 

WITSTTER  FLUID 

Does  nol  burn  the  bark.  Harmless  to 
animals.  Easy  to  use.  Effective  and 
Economical.       ::       Ot  ag'nls  everywhere. 

WM.  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS.  LTD.,  BERKHAMSTED 


GRUB  KILLER 

DESTROYS  ALL  SOIL  PESTS 


WIreworms,     Leatherjackets.     :>nd    olhi.'r    pests    ;it-e 
spfcJily  t-MLiiiiiinU-J  .inJ  tiK-  villi  s\vt'oten<.'il  .iml  piinticd 

Ask  your  Seedsman  or  write  to 
Stonehouse    Hort.    Dept.,    WEST    BROMWICH. 


Work  in  Comfort 
with  warm  feet 

You  can  defy  the  damp  if  you  wear  a  pair  of 
CALOR  CLOGS  They're  just  asconifortable 
and  warm  as  boots,  but  they're  much  cheaper.- 
With  a  pair  of  Calor  Clogs  you  can  work  in  the 
worst  weather  and  still  have  dry  feet  at  the 
end  of  the  day.  Calor  Clofts  are  made  of  good 
grain  leather,  lined  with  felt.  Soles  are  of 
wood.  Well  finished  and  useful.  For  men 
and  women.    Price  8/1 1,  post  paid.    No.C529. 

Also  in  lacing  Style  C524. 
Sizes2to5  ...  7/11  1  Sizes  6  to  11  ...  8/6 
Men's  and  Women's  Watertight  Derby  Clogs, 
at  9/6.  12/6.  14/6;  Children's  Clogs  from 
4/11  ;  WtUington  Clogs,  felt  lined  and  unlined. 
16/6  and  22/6;  Rubber  Wellingtons.  Men's 
sizes,  18/6and  21/-.  Women's  sizes,  17/6  and 
19/11.  Children's,  from  12/6;  Men's  Long 
Rubber  Thigh  Boots  21/-.    All  post  paid. 

Send  lor  our  free  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

THE  MOST  PERFECT  •_  Jm  m  ^  ^  GREENHOUSES. 


THE  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  .my  time,  in  the  same  way,  and  f«ir  a' I  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels eLjualhna  15  cwts.),  gives  betle  •  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weed'*,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  I  am  pleased  t  <  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  Hower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  j^lass  .ind  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  WllKS.  Secretary. 

A   Beautiful  Free  Booklet  t:iving /nil  fyijiticular^  and  tcsit\n<>nials  sent  on  rcccit't  rf  fostcard. 

Vm-  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS     GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  "W 

PriLcs.    includm^;  hags.  1  bushel  2/3.  4  bushels  6  -,  5-4  bushels  28/9,  II1-4  bushels  55,-,  ■.!l)-4  bushels  100/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  lltAE  (Caustic  or  Ouick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Guaran- 
teed Analysis  free.     Price,  including  bags 
14  lb.  bag.  3'3  ;   58  lbs.,  11/6;    1  cvvt.,  22'- 
Best  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam,   4.,  and   Leaf   Mould,   4/6.     Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6, and 
Brown  Fibrous  P<;at,  5/6  per  sack.      Basic  Slag,  9/6.     Su  erphnsphates,  1  3/6.     Bone 
Meal,  24,-,     Kainit,  1  16  per  cwt.     Bulb  Fibre,  3/6  per  bushel. 

.Si-t  hr  e  Bofikl^t  its  .ihoi-f  for  Itricca  of  sitnillcr  QUitnttlic^.  rt/so  olticr  fioooi/.s. 
VA/AKELEY     BROS.      &    CO.,      LTD.,    7Sa,     BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      S.E.1. 


FOR  SUCCRSS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


OH 


'S 


tJ\^^ 


o^^^ 


On    the    market 
for      over      40    years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over      Ihe     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many      year's     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      thty      stand     unrivalled     at     the 
present     day     for     every     description-    of     Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 
and  Foliage  Plants.  \'egetables.  Lawns,  etc  .  etc. 
Plant    and    Vegetable    Manure,     i  cwt. .36/-;      S61b.,    19|- ;      281b.,  10/6: 
Ulb..  6i-;  71b..:t/6;  Tins.   1/6. 
Special  Top-Dressing  Manure,  .itilb..  19/-:  28  b.,  10/6:  141b.,  6/.;  71b,,  3/6. 
WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLF.T-POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     -WJ 
BY         NURSERYMEN         AND         SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Vine, 


Sole    .Makers:      W.M       THO.MSON      &     SONS.     LTD..     CLOVENFORDS,     SCOTLAND. 


IRISH   LINEN   SALE 


BARGAIN  SALE  LIST. 
No.  46. S  sent  p^st  free. 
We  guarantee  delivery  of  all 
parcels  to  customer's  addr.  ss. 


Throughout    January. 

BARGAINS     in     TABLE    LINEN. 
LINEN     TABLE     CLOTHS. 

Assorted  floral  desiens. 

Size  2X2    yds 26/6     each. 

„      2X2ii     32/11       „ 

„      2X3       39/11       „ 

TABLE    NAPKINS. 
20X21  in.  ...  26/6  doz.    (Breakfast). 
24x2-1  in.  ...  38/6     ..       (D  nner 


SPECIAL  OFFER  in  BED  LINEN- 
Plain    LINEN     PILLOW    CASES. 

Size20x;i0in 55f- dozen. 

,,     22X32 69/- 

Plain   Hemmed   LINEN    SHEETS. 
.Medium  weight,  a  good  serviceable 

quality. 
Size2x2Jyds.      ..        90i2  per  pair. 

2X3       108/1 

2X3J      126/- 


24X24  in.  ...  38/6     ..       (Dnnerl.  ..    2X3j     126/-      .. 

ROBINSON    6?     CLEAVER, 

Linen    Manufacturers,    BELFAST.  ■-™- 


iets  there  f «- 

I  and  makes  the  Garden  traS^ 
gay  all  the  year  round  -™°r- 


SoW  everywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  in  PACKETS  lOd.  &  1/6,  and 
in  BRANDED  &  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs.  4/-:  14  lbs.  7/-:  28  lbs.  12/- ;  56  lbs..  22/-:  112  lbs..  40/- ; 
direct  from  the  Works.  Carriage  Paid  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  Cash  with  Order  (except  PACKETSI 


CLAY    &    SON.     Manure  Mfrs  &  Bone  Crushers,  STRATFORD.  LONDON.E. 


Printed  by  Thb  Am  m  e  Fklss,  55  &  57.  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C.2,  and  Published  by  "  Coi'NTRV  Life."  Limited,  at  20.  Tavistock  Street,   Strand,  W.C.2, 

and  by  George  Newnes,  Limited.  ,-11,  Southampton  Street.  Strand.  W.C.2. 


THE  ;v>^i^.  1  -  1921 

GARDEN 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2567. 


Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y..  Post  Office 


Saturday,  January  29,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT    THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE     AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 

Inland.    17/4:    Foreign,    17/4 


FLOWERS    FROM 

SEED    FOR 

THE    COMING 

SUMMER. 


Within  the  next  few  weeks  garden  lovers  in  all  parts  of  the 
country  will  be  busy  sowing  seeds  of  summer  flowers. 
Opportunities  were  missed  last  year,  but  no  stone  must  be 
left  unturned  now  to  restore  the  garden  to  its  full  glory. 
Nothing  excels  certain  Annuals  in  brilliancy  of  display.  In 
this  issue  a  selection  is  given  for  sowing  in  sunny  and  shady 
places,  and  it  is  shown  how  Annuals  may  be  used  with  best 
effect  to  (ill  vacant   places  in  flower   borders. 


CURRANTS  AND  GOOSEBERRIES 

All  intending  pLinting  the  above  should  make  early  application  to  us.  We 
hold  excellent  stocks  of  all  the  leading  varieties,  andean  guarantee  satisfaction. 
Fruit  growers   should   not  miss   planting 

CURRANT     SOUTHWELL     RED 

It  flowers  very  late,  and  so  resists  late  frosts.  Long  bunches  of  bright  shining 
red  berries  are  formed,  the  individual  berries  being  very  large  and  uniform  in 
size.  When  gathered  it  has  a  very  fine  appearance  and  commands  the  top 
price  in  the  market. 

Full  pLirticular     on  Afiplicaiioti. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &    SONS,    LTD., 

Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

GARDEN    SEEDS  for   1921 

FINEST     SELECTED     STRAINS     OF    THE 

BEST     VEGETABLE      SEEDS 

HAND-PICKED    SEED    POTATOES 

AND     CHOICE     FLOWERS. 

Barrs'  Seed  Guide  for  1921  contains  a  careful  selection  of  the  Best 
Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  for  maintaining  a  supply  of  Vegetables 
the  year  round  and  abundance  of  Flowers  in  the  Garden  and 
Greenhouse  ;  also  List  of  best  quality  Garden  Tools,  Insecticides 
and    other    Garden    Requisites.  Sent     free    on    application. 

DADD    A    CnUC    ll'     12      &      13,     KING     STREET, 

DHnli  Ob  OUlid  covENT  garden,  LONDON,  W.C.2. 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is    cordially    invited    to   inspect    our    immense    and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens,     Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

CHARLESWORTH  &  CO..  "  h^eath°° 

TESTED  GARDEN  SEEDS 

SEED    POTATOES    A    SPECIALITY. 


Special    Terms    to    Allotment    Holders. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE  now  issued.     Post  Free  on  Application. 


LITTLE    &    BALLANTYNE, 

THE    KINGS    SEEDSMEN, 
Established   ISI'2.  CARLISLE. 


11. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   29,   1921. 


Barr's  Gold  Medal  Vegetable  Seeds 

OF    FINEST    SELECTED     STRAINS    AND    TESTED    GROWTH. 

Awarded  at  the  R.H.S.   London    Shows    1913    to   1920    Six    Gold    Medals    and    Four  Silver  Gilt  Medals. 


■1 

■ 

BARRS 

■ 

11  «••#•.  IP  ^^ip  ^^^^ 

fiS%    iH^ 

yi 

h  r  i 

'.  ..•'.'• 

?-_  ■  '--■''      .'''■' 

^""^-^ic^d^^  ^ 

4^^^:^. 

pii^'''<£il 

%                 ™^*                  S9 

kT  ■ 

i^i. 

w^^^^^t^tM 

i,&* 

^2 

■— Stesi^ 

^^^ 

^ 

^^^ 

^"^^ 

l^fei^^t...^.. 

ONE     OF     BARK'S     GOLD     MEDAL     EXHIBITION     GROUPS     OF     VEGETABLES. 

Barr*s  strains   of  Vegetable  Seeds  have  received  exceptional  recognition  for   high  quality  by  the  judges 
at  the  R.H.S.  Wisley  Trials,  many  having  been  highly  commended  and  several  given  First-class  Certificates 

and  Awards  of  Merit. 


A     FEW     SPECIALTIES     IN     VEGETABLE     SEEDS 


DWARF  FRENCH  BEAN,  BARR'S  EXCELSIOR. 

bearing  a  great  crop  of  very  larjie  fleshy  pods,  boiling 
tender  and  of  delieate  flavour.  The  dried  Beans  make 
a  delicious  Winter  dish.     Award  of  Merit,  R.H.S. 

Per  pint 

DWARF  PERFECTION  BUTTER  BEAN,  one  of  the 
bcFt  of  tlie  Haricots  Mangetout,  bearing  a  great 
abundance  of  bright  yellow  pods  6Jins.  long  it 
furnishes  a  delicious  dish.  '  Per  pint 

BEET,  DEWINQS  BLOOD  RED,  a  handsome  Turnip- 
shaped  variety  with  short  top.  tl*'=h  dark  crimson  of 
delicat*  flavour.     Award  of  IVlepit  R.H.S.,  1917. 

Per  pkt.  6d.,  per  oz. 

BORECOLE,  JERUSALEM  PURPLE,  a  purple-leaved 

variety  of  the  Asparagus   Kale,   producing  in   early 

Spring   succulent   shoots    which    are    delicious    when 

bnilcd  young.     Highly  Commended  R.H.S.,  1919. 

Per  pkt.  6fl.,  per  oz. 

BROCCOLI,  BARR'S  WINTER  QUEEN,  if  sown  in 
M;irih.  prnduoes  in  the  following  January  large,  firm, 
snowy  white  head^,  of  fine  texture.  Per  pkt. 

BROCCOLI,  BARR'S  WHITE  EMPEROR,  the  finest 
of  all  May-cutting  Broccolis,  having  large,  firm,  deep, 
heads,  of  a  beautiful  white,  and  well  protected. 

Perpk-t.  1/6  and 

BRUSSELS  SPROUTS,  "DUNDEE,"  a  splendid  new 
vaii«'tv  of  medium  height  and  compact  growth,  with 
large  .'^olid  ':prouts  of  finest  quality,  and  keeping  well. 
Award  of  Merit  R.H.S.,  1918. 

Per  pkt.  1  /6.  per  oz. 

CABBAGE,  BARR'S  AUTUMN  EXHIBITION,  a 
splendid  medium-sized  variety,  forming  handsome 
solid  conical  heads  ready  to  XLse  in  September.  Award 
of  Merit  R.H.S.  "      Per  pk-t.  6d.  and  i;-,per  oz. 


3     0 


3     6 


1  6 

2  6 

2  6 

3  6 
2  6 


CARROT,  BARR'S  EARLY  QUEEN,  a  fine  little 
early  variety  with  shapely  roots,  almost  coreiess,  fleshy, 
sweet  and  tender,  an  excellent  forcer. 

Per  pk-t.  6d.  and  1  /-,  per  oz. 

CAULIFLOWER,  ALL  THE  YEAR  ROUND,  a 
splendid  half  dwarf  variety  for  forcing  or  open  air 
culture  at  any  time  of  the  year,  heads  very  large, 
white  and  finely  grained,  of  delicate  flavour. 

Per  pkt.  1  /6  and 

CELERY,  BARR'S  NEW  SOLID  PINK,  the  best  of 
all  Celeries,  of  medium  height,  remarkablv  solid,  and 
having  a  rich  nutty  flavour.   Award  of  Merit  R.H.S. 

Per  pkt.  1/-  and 

CELERIAC,  BARR'S  LATE  SUMMER,  a  great  im- 
provement on  the  old  Turnip-rooted  Celery,  forming 
globular  roots  of  fine  flavour,  and  having  a  decorative 
variegated  foliage.  Per  pkt  6d.  and 

ENDIVE,  PARIS  MARKET,  finely  curled,  valuable 
for  forcing  or  Summer  and  early  Autumn  culture. 

Per  pkt.  6d.  and  1  /-,  per  oz. 

LEEK,  BARR'S  SELECTED  PRIZETAKER,  extra 
fine.  Per  pkt.  1  /-  and 

LETTUCE,  COS,  BARR'S  COVENT  QARDEN 
SUMMER  WHITE,  a  first-class  self-folding  Lettuce, 
producing  large,  compact  hearts ;  crisp  and  fine 
flavoured.  Per  pkt.  6d.  and  1  /-.  per  oz. 

LETTUCE,  CABBAGE,  BARR'S  QREEN 
FAVOURITE,  a  fine  v.aiiety  for  successional  sowing 
having  dark  green  smooth  succulent  leaves  and  a 
sweet  firm  heart.     Award  of  Merit  R.H.S. 

Per  pk-t.  6d.  and  1  /-,  per  oz. 

LETTUCE,  CABBAGE,  BARR'S  LITTLE  GEM, 
a  fine  little  earl\'  vari<'ty  for  growing  in  frames. 
Award  of  Merit  R.H.S.  "  Per  pk-t. 


1     0 


2     6 


1     0 


MELON.  BARR'S  GOLDEN  BEAUTY,  IM- 
PROVED, a  very  fine  gokb-n-skinned  netted  variety 
of  delicious  flavour.     Award  of  Merit  R.H.S. 

Per  pkt.  1/6  and 

ONION,  BARR'S  LONGKEEPER,  a  splendid  type  of 
the  Brown  Spanish  Onion,   of  first-rate  quality. 

Per  pkl.  6d.  and  1  /-„  per  oz. 

PARSNIP,    BARR'S     NEW     WHITE     MARROW, 

Highly  Commended  R.H.S.        Per  pkt.  6d.,  per  oz. 

RADISH,  JEWEL,   producing    very    short    Potato-like 
•    foliage  and  small  rich  crimson  tubers,  crisp  and  of 
delicate    flavour,    very    early.      Award  of   Merit. 
R.H.S.  Perez. 

TOMATO,  BARR'S  SCARLET  BEAUTY,  a  wonder- 
ful bearer,  fruit  rich  deep  scarlet,  round,  smooth  and 
glossy,  ha\ing  a  deep  flesh,  almost  without  core. 
Awarded  Silver  Gilt  Bankslan  Medal,  R.H.S., 
1918.  Per  pkt.  1/-,  1/6  and 

TOMATO,  ORANGE  SUNRISE,  a  splendid  new 
variety,  being  a  cross  between  a  best  yellow  and  red. 
It  is  early  and  bears  clusters  of  bright  orange -coloured 
round  fruit,  of  medium  size  ;  the  flavour  is  delicious, 
either  when  raw  or  eooked.   Good  for  in  or  out  of  doors. 

Per  pkt. 

TURNIP,  MANCHESTER  MARKET,  an  improve- 
ment on  Green  Top  Stone.  Award  of  Merit 
R.H.S.,  1919.  per  oz. 

VEGETABLE  MARROW,  ROTHERSIDE  ORANGE, 

a  most  valuable  little  Marrow,  bearing  golden-yellow 
fruit,  almost  globe  shaped,  with  firm  flesh  of  finest 
flr^vnur,  very  prolific.  Per  pkt.  1  '-  and 


BARR'S    SEED    GUIDE    FOR    1921     FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 


BARR   &  SONS,  11,   12  &  13,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  w.c.  2. 


SEED     GROUNDS    AT    TAPLOW,    BUCKS. 


January  29,    1921 


[^rgr^-^. 


GARDEN. 


-y^- 


-^^^ 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shrubs,  Japanese  Cherries,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects, 
—John  Waterek,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseries, 
Bagshot,  Surrey. 


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 

SEEDS,  Scotch  grown  set-d  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,   in  the  new  and  leading  varieties  of  Delphiniums, 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


WATERERS'  FRUIT  TREES.  —  Magni- 
ficent stock  of  250,000  trees.  Prospective  purchasers  are 
invitt'd  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  Nurseries. 


WATERERS'     ROSES.  —  Superb     Stock.  — 

John  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Twyford,  Berks. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

— •'  VITROLITE  "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  235.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  pet 
cwt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  WALTER  CabsON  & 
Sons,  Grove  Works,  Battersea.    Ageute  throughout  the  Country. 


WELLS'   CHRYSANTHEMUM   CATALOGUE 

now    ready.    Post    free    on    application. — W.    WELis   <fe    Co., 
Chrysanthemum  Nurseries,  Merstham,  Surrey. 


BARRS'    SEED     GUIDE,    now    ready,  free. 

For  a  Select  List  of  the  best  vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of 
finest  Selected  Strains  and  Tested  Growth.  At  the  R.H.S. 
Wisley  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable  Seeds  have  received 
exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality,  many  having  been 
Highly  Commended  and  several  given  First-class  Certificates 
and  Awards  of  Merit.- B.\RR  &  Sons,  11,  12  &  13.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  !  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogue  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  6d.  and  5s. — J.  DOUGLAS,  Great  Bookham. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2s.  6d.  net ; 
cloth  39.  6d.  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


STORING    VEGETABLES     AND     FRUITS  : 

with  chapters  on  *'  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid.— Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Lite," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


SUTTON'S  VEGETABLE  SEEDS.        1 

By   constant  selection   and   re-seiccfion,   yi  ar   by   year,  oui 
choice  strains  arc  maintained  at  the  highest  standard  of  exct'IIonet 

OUK  Speciality  for  the  Week. 
SUTTON'S     MASTERPIECE     DWARF    FRENCH     BEANS. 
A  quick  grower.     Invaluable  for  pot  culture.     Award  of  merit. 
R.H.S.     Per  half  pint,   2/-  ;     pint,   3/6.— SUTTON   *    SONSi 
THE    KING'S    SEEDSMEN,    READING. 


KELWAY   BORDERS   SHORTEN   THE 

WINTER. — NOW  is  the  time  to  go  over  your  hardy  plants, 
replenishing  and  renewing  your  herbaceous  borders.  Get  a  list 
from  KELWAY'S  and  let  them  fill  your  gaps  with  fresh  biauty, 
which  will  last  some  years.  Is  your  border  beautiful  with  colour 
for  6  or  7  months  continuously  ?  It  should  be  a  source  of  ever- 
v-arying  interest  and  pleasure.  If  you  are  not  content,  see  tc 
it  now.  Write  to  KELWAY'S  at  once  and  let  them  suggest  a 
colour  scheme  so  that  the  neighbouring  plants  do  not  clash. 
The  earlier  you  order  the  greater  your  choice. — Kelwat  &  Son, 
The  Royal  Horticulturists,  Langport,  Somerset. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G,  Beuthe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


PERRY'S     SPECIAL     OFFER     of    Japanese 

LILIES,        GLADIOLI'S.        MONTliRETIAS,        TIGRIDIAS, 
BEGONIAS,  itc.  now  ready,  free.— Hardy  Plant  Farm,  Enfield. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— The    only    reliable    and     complete    substitute     for     Stable 
manure.     See  advt.  on  p.  xii. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :    Plants  in  Health 

and  Disease,  by  P.  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
7s.  6d.  net,  by  post  8s.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
"  CoDNTEY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive    List 

of  OVLT  one  thou:?and  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate. 
6d.  post  frte. — THE  Bcrbage  NURSERIES,  near  Hineklev, 
Leicestershire.     Established   1773. 


DUCKS,      GEESE      AND      TURKEYS,      by 

Will  Hooley,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of    Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire  :  Gtay,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone:    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON    AND    WIRE   FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  orna- 
mental garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  description.  Send 
for  illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BOULTON  &  PAtTL,  Ltd.. 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 

CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc..  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  COLE  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


HAVE   YOU   SEEN    OUR    CATALOGUE?— 

If  not,  send  for  one  now  :  it  is  full  of  interesting  things.  Post 
free,  if  you  mention  this  paper,  from  STUART  &  Mein,  The 
King's  Seedsmen,  Kelso,  Scotland. 


BOILERS.— I  No.  4B  "Junior  Robin  Hood." 

1  No.  (J  "  Mona."    For  immediate  delivery.    Prices  on  applica- 
tion— Wm.  duncsn  Tuokeb  a  Sons,  Lid.,  Tottenham,  N.15. 


IRON       FENCING,       GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  .Stakes,  Wire-netting. 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Railing,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  tor  j  reservation  of  Ironwork, 
etc.     Catalogue  free.— Hill.  &  SsilTH.  LTD.,  Brierley  Hill. 


ROCK     GARDEN    P  L  A  N  T  S.— Where 

and  In  What  Soils  to  Plant  Them.  A  useful  guide  to  garden 
lovers,  with  catalogue,  48  pages,  post  free. — G.  R.  Phipps, 
Alpine  Nursery,  Bamham,  Bognor. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied. 
Vanguard,  Conical,  SecMonal,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipes, 
Joints,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free. — THOMAS  JEAVONS, 
Silver  Street  Works,  Brierley  Hill. 

RESIDENCE  and  6f  acres   suitable   nurserv, 

poultry,  fruit.  9  niUes  London  Bridge.  Freehold  :  Vacant. 
HfcKLE,  2'23,  Richmond  Road,  Twickenham. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,    VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  \'iew. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  posi  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN, 

Edinbur^ih,  will  send  a  copy  of  their  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  paper  is  mentioned. 


BATH'S    SELECT   SEEDS   AND   PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies.— (Dept.  E.),  R.  H,  Bath, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should   be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S   HERBACEOUS   PLANTS  AND 

ALPINE      RHODODENDRONS      AND      AZALEAS.  Ntw 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.       Catalogue     (No.     4)      free.— 
MOORTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook, 
is  now  ready.  Price  2s.  6d.  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


McDOUGALL'S     WINTER      WASH.  —  Un-i 

rivalled  for  cleansing  fruit  trees  from  moss  and  lichen  ;  also; 
destroys  fungoid  spores,  hibernating  insects,  and  effectively 
checks  the  terrible  ravages  of  canker.  1  gall,  drums,  to, 
make  80  gall,  wash,  13s.  6d.  each  ;  quarts,  4s.  6d. ;  pints,, 
2s.  9d.  From  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.  Send  for; 
special  leaflet. — MODOUGALL  BROS.,  LTD.,  Port  Street,; 
Manchester. 


TO  ROSE  GROWERS.— For  Sale,  the  whole 

of  an  amateur's  exhibition  outfit ;  boxes,  shades,  stakes,  &c. 
Also  about  100  good  half-standards  of  best  exhibition  T.'s,  and 
100  dwarf  best  T.'s,  and  H.T.'s  and  H.P.'s.  Reply  "  Medea," 
c/o  The  Gakden,  20,  Tavistork  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London, 
W.C. 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND      STRAWBERRIES.  New      catalogue,      containing 

novelties,  gratis.  Hints  on  planting  and  pruning,  2d. — 
LaxtON  brothers,  Bedford. 

KING'S     ACRE     SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  In  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
for  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliability. — KiNG'8  Acre  NimSEBlES,  Limited,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  in  flowers  and  vegetables, 
including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  IJd.  postage. — 
Laston  Brothebb,  Bedford. 


"CRANSTON'S    EXCELSIOR"    &    "  AILSA 

CRAIG "  ONIONS  are  the  best  in  commerce.  Seed  from 
finest  strains  obtainable  at  9d.,  1/-  and  2/6  per  packet  post 
free.  New  illustrated  seed  catalogue  most  moderately  priced, 
free  on  request.  The  best  seeds  at  most  reasonable  prices. 
KiNO'B  ACRE  Nurseries    Uuited    Hereford. 


McDOUGALL'S    « FUMERS "    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "  Sheets "  for  greenhouse  fumigation  ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — ^1 
MoDotTOALL  BROS.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street.  Manchester. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS      SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — Terkt  Lee,  16,  Morden   Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham.; 


FIDLER'S   NEW    ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  NOW 
READY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  on' 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  FiDlER  <S  SONS,  Eoyal 
Berkshire  Seed  Store",  Reading. 


RARE    ALPINES. — Cotyledon    simplicifolius, 

1/-;  Dianthus  neglectus,  9d. ;  Cerastijm  vilosum,  9d.  ;i 
Delphinium  tatsienense,  1/-;  Hypericum  cuneatum,  1/3  ;| 
Pentstemon  linarioides,  9d. ;  Sedum  pilosum,  6d. ;  Lychnfpl 
alpina,  6d. ;  Haageana,  9d. ;  Arkwrightl,  1'-;  Gypsophilaj 
arctioides,  9d. — R.  TncKER  &  Sons,  Nurser>'men,  Oxford. 


FLOWER    POTS.— 10  Sin.,   15  6in.,  15  sin., 

15  4in.,  15  3in.,  complete,  packed  free,  15s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — Thos.  Jeatons,  Potteries,  Brierley 
Hill. 


THE    CLIFTON  POULTRY  FARM— Sittings,  j 

Day-old    chicks;     best   laying   strains.     Breeds    kept:     White  j 
Wyandottes,  White  Leghorn*,  S.C.  Bhode  Island  Beds.   ],ight : 
Sussex. — Write,     Manager.     CI-ifton     Pon.TRY     Farm,     near 
Biggies waac,  Beds.  j 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  29,  1921. 


Awarded  145  Gold  Medals  at  the  Leading  Shows 

BOLTON'Srust^r 


NOVELTIES  FOR  1921.  The  following  Novelties 
I  can  recommend  with  every  confidence.  They 
are  quite  distinct  from  anything  already  on  tfie 
market.  All  are  extra  vigorous  growers  and 
absoliUely  fixed. 

PICTURE. 

Award  of  Merit,  R.H.S.     Award  of  Merit,  N.S.P.S. 

First  Class  Ct-rtiacaU',  Shrewsbury. 

In  the  opinion  of  practically  all  the  experts  and 
leading  exhibitors,  Picture  marks  the  highest 
development  and  greatest  advance  up  to  date.  Its 
form  is  superb,  the  outline  of  standards,  wings  and 
keel  being  in  every  respect  that  of  the  very  finest 
Sweet  Peas  in  existence.  Four  blooms  are  the  mini- 
mum, sixes  being  frequent,  and  occasionally  as 
many  as  eight  perfect  blooms  have  been  carried  on 
one  stem.  The  colour  may  be  described  as  flesh  pink 
with  a  rosy  flush,  the  whole  being  fascinatingly  suf- 
fused and  shaded  creamy  apricot,  a  most  delightful 
and  altogether  enchanting  combination  of  colours. 
Fragrance  is  pronounced  and  very  sweet.  Picture 
is  the  nearest  approacli  to  perfection  yet  obtained. 
This  novelty  should  be  included  in  every  collection, 
either  for  exhibition,  garden,  decoration  or  cutting. 
Per  packet,  10  seeds,  1/6. 

MYRTLE. 

A  very  charming  novelty.  The  half-open  buds 
are  the  nearest  to  yellow  yet  seen.  In  the  early 
stages  the  flowers  are  creamy  yellow.  As  the 
flowers  develop  there  appears  a  bright  band  of 
violet-rose,  resembling  a  rainbow.  The  largt^ 
wavy  flowers  when  cut  make  a  very  effective  and 
telling  bunch.  Per  packet,  10  seeds,  1/- 
QLORY. 

A  particularly  bright  glowing  salmon  cerise.  The 
flowers  are  of  enormous  size,  with  great  substance 
and  far  ahead  of  all  other  cerise-coloured  Sweet 
Peas.  An  abundance  of  four  and  flve-flowcred 
sprays  are  produced,  and  this  gem  is  sure  to  be  in 
great  demand  for  exhibition.  As  a  cut  flower  it 
lasts  a  long  time  in  good  condition,  and  does  not 
lose  colour.    Per  packet,  10  seeds,  1/-. 

ROBERT     BOLTON 

The    Sweot    Pea    Specialist 
BAVTHORNENO,     Near     HALSTEAD,     ESSEX. 


This  is  how  we  offer 
Certified    Class  I 
Perthshire    Grown 

RE-SELECTEO 


SEED  POTATOES 


Qrown  for  SEED  ONLY,  on  our  own  land 
near  Blairgowrie,  railed  to  LIVERPOOL 
and  re-selected,  ready  for  PROMPT 
DISPATCH  Carriage  Paid,  Bags  Free, 
on  orders  of  £1   and  upwards. 


SAFE   DELIVERY  &  SATISFACTION 
GUARANTEED,  or  CASH  REFUNDED 


Why  Risk 

Carriage 

Forward 

Offers  ? 

The  following  potatoes  are   selected  for  good  TABLE   and 

CROPPING  Qualities,  but  we  can  offer  other  varieties  where 

required,  also  quote  tor  QUANTITIES  : 

1st.  EARLY.     PRICES      14       28        56    112  lb. 
SUTTON'S  HARBINGER  5  9     10-      18  6     35,- 


SHARPE'S   EXPRESS  6  3 

IDARQILL    EARLY  69 

1  WITCH    HILL  7r 

2nd    EARLY 
lARRAN  COIVIRADE 
IIVIAJESTIC 
lEDZELL  BLUE 
> GREAT    SCOT 

KINQ    EDWARD 

LATE  or   IVIAINCROP. 
I  BISHOP  Brat  in  oviry  way   616 

KERR'S    PINK  4  9 

I TINWALD  PERFECTION    5  3 
IQOLDEN   WONDER 

ARRAN    CHIEF 

FACTOR 


6 '3 
5'6 
46 
46 
4/9 


416 
4,3 
4/3 


28 

10- 

11- 

12/- 

129 

10  9 
96 
76 

7  6 

8  3 

11/6 
86 

9/- 
7/6 
7/3 
7/3 


206 
226 
24/- 

20- 
17  6 
136 
13/6 
15/- 

21  /6 
156 
16/6 
1316 
13/- 
13/- 


39- 
431- 
46/- 

38/- 
33  - 
25- 
25- 
28- 

41  - 

29/- 

31/- 

25, 

24 

24/' 


Write    for    ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE    POST    FREE 

from 


REGISTERED  TRADE  MARK 


TESTED    SEEDS 


RAYNES  PARK,  LONDON,  S.W. 

237   &   238,   High   Holborn,   W.C. 
53a,   Queen  Victoria   Street,    E.C. 


Branches 


SOW 

HAWLMARK 

SEEDS 

DICKSONS,"Hawlmark",BELfAST. 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES,    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS, 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY   &  FRIDAY,  by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

at  thi'ir  O'ntral  SMe  Rooms, 

67     &     68,     CHEAPSIDE,     EC. 2 

Git:i!ogu<:-3   on  Appll<":i.tion. 


Send  your  order  now  for 

THE   NEW   RASPBERRY 

LLOYD  GEORGE  PERPETUAL  FRUITING 

13('-  per  doz. 
Also  my  new  Violet.  20,-  per  doz,.  carriage  paid. 

J.    J.    KETTLE,    Violet   Farm,    Corfe    Mullen,    Dorset 


CARNATIONS 


Varletles'marked  \  are  immune. 
THE     HOUSE    FOR      QUALITY. 


/ 


Seeds,  Plants,  Manures,  and 
PEST  KILLERS, 
Sprays  and  Sprayers 
or  all  good  things  for 
your  Garden,  Allot- 
ment and  Sports. 


./ 


GARDEN 

SUPPLIES 

LIMITED 

CRANMER  ST. 

LIVERPOOL. 


FOR     ANY     AND 
EVERY     PURPOSE 

LARGE  FLOWERING  PLANTS  in  6  in.  Pots  for  Green- 
house or  Garden  cultivation,  from  35/-  per  dozen,  carriage 
extra.     Immediate  or  deferred  delivery. 

HARDY  BORDER  CARNATIONS. 

We  have  simply  magnificent  stocks  of  all  the  best  varieties. 
The  undermentioned  collections  are  available: — 

Coll.  No.  1C.-6  distinct  varieties.  12/- 

Coll.   No.    Zc— 12   distinct   varieties,    241- 

Coll.  No.  3c.— 100  Plants   in   tbe    twelve   best  standard 

varieties,  140,'- 

Carrlage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

ALLWOODII. 

The  new  hardy  Garden  Plant.  Half  Pink  and  half  Carnation, 
it  needs  no  culture,  but  grows  by  itself  anywhere,  and  flowers 
perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter.  We  can  give  immediate 
delivery,  and  offer  the  undermentioned  collections: — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties,  11/- 

Coll.  No.2b.— 9  distinct  varieties  (including  3  novelties).23;6 

Coil.   Ko.    3b.— 12     distinct    varieties    (including    all  6 

novelties).  40/- 

Carrlage  and  paclcing  free  for  cash. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET,    6d.    post    free. 

Fully     Illustrate. i     ani    descriptive    Catalogue     will     be 

forwarded  post  free  on  regnest. 

t  When  yan  think  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


The  leading  Carnatio^i  Raisers  and  Specialists 

in  tbe  World,  Dept.  4. 
HAYWARDS       HEATH,       SUSSEX. 


33rd   SEASON. 

MRS.   PYM'S   FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD    AND    CHEAP. 

24  -   worth   for   20-     Any   quantity   sent.     All    post  frsM 

or  carrlags  paid  passengsr  train.     No  delay.  ] 

Special  Cheap  Offer  of  splendid  sturdy  young  plants  fron--^ 

ooen.  for  Spring  Howering  :  4d.  extra  for  orders  under  3/-  1 
Alyasum,  compact,  gold  dust,  12. 1/6.  Aubretia,  rich  purple 
IJ.  1;6.  Arable,  double  white.  6. 1/4.  Cmterbury  Bells,  12  1 
1/6.  Alpine  Wallflowers.  20.  1/6.  Daisies,  very  largH 
double  red  or  white.  20.  1/6.  Forget-me-nots,  best  com* 
pact,  light  or  dark  blue.  20.  1/6.  Pansies,  choicest  large-^ 
flnwering  and  bedding,  separate  colours.  12.  1/4;  5()for4/6l* 
Violas,  Bath's  bedding,  separate  colours  or  good  mixed.  12  , 
1/4;  .';o  for  4/6.  Sllens  compaota,  nink.  20. 1/4.  ThrlftM 
compact,  pink.  12.  1,6.  Sweet  Williams,  mixed.  15,  1(4m 
Wallflowers,  all  colours,  separate  or  new  large  flowerinH 
hybrids,  100,  3/6  ;  500, 12/-. 

StronG  plants,  wintered  in  open— Spring  Cabbage,  Wintei^ 
Tripoli  Onions,  Lettuce,  Brussels  Sprouts,  Leeks,  [OO,  2/- 
300.  Si- 
Magnificent  Strong  Transplanted  Hardy  Perennials,  i 
Rockery  Plants,  Spring  Flowering  Plants,  Qreenhouse^ 
Plants,  Flowering  Shrubs,  Vegetable  Plants,  eto.^ 
PLANT    NOW    FOR     SUCCESS.  | 

MRS.  PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10  VINE  HOUSE,  Woodston,  PETERBOROUGH! 

New  1921  Catalogue  now  ready,  free  on  application. 


mmm^ 


KING'S  Acre 

75  Gold  Medals  and  18  Silver 
Cups  Awarded  to  our  Exhibits 
during     Seasons      1909-1920. 

160  ACRES 

INCLUDING 

FRUIT   TREES, 


VIN 


FOREST  .^ND  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES  AND  SHRUBS.  ALPINE 
AND  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 


New  Catalogues,  containing  much  use- 
ful information,  free  upon  application. 


I  King's   Acre    Nurseries 
I  HEREFORD.   ^'^• 


January  29,   iqp.i. 


THE     GARDEN. 


V. 


IF     YOU     WANT 


Really  Good  Seeds 

AT     MODERATE     PRICES 


SEND    TO 


ROBERT  SYDENHAM  LIMITED 

99,  TENBY  STREET,  BIRMINGHAM 

No   one   will   serve  you    better. 
A     FEW      PRICES      FOR      1921. 


BEET. 

Cheltenham  Qreen  Leaf,  best  for  flavour 
Dell's  Black  Leaved,  sinuotli,  medium-aized  roots 
Early  Model  Qlobe,  best  ruuDd  Titriety 

BORECOLE. 

Cottager's,  ono  of  the  hardest 

Dwarf  Qreen  Curled  Scotch,  the  best  Dwarf    . . 

Asparagus,  delicious  flavour 

BROCCOLI. 

Veitch's  Self-Protecting  Autumn 

Snow's  Winter  White 

Spring  White,  very  hardy. . 

Late  Queen,  the  best  late   . , 

Purple  Sprouting,  most  useful  hardy  sort 

White  Sprouting,  delicious  flavour 


BRUSSELS    SPROUTS. 


The  Wroxton,  the  very  best 
Darlington,  dwarf  robust,  very  productive 


CABBAGE. 


Ellam's  Early  Dwarf  Spring 
First  and  Best,  best  for  Autumn  sowing 
Blood  Red  Pickling,  large  ^otid  heads 
Drumhead  (Savoy),  best  for  general  crop 

CARROT. 

Early  Nantes,  for  early  crop 
James  Scarlet,  best  selected 
Scarlet  Intermediate,  best  for  exliibition 

CAULIFLOWER. 

Dean's  Early  Snowball,  selected  strain 

All  the  Year  Round,  veiy  distinct,  large  heads 

Early  London,  best  for  general  use 

Veitch's  Autumn  Qiant,  best  for  use  in  Autumn 

CELERY. 

All  Leading  Varieties 

LEEK. 

The  Lyon,  best  and  largest 
Musselburgh,  for  general  use 

LETTUCE. 

AM  the  Year  Round,  excellent  and  reliable 
Unique,  pietty  frilled  foliafie,  and  tender 
Wonderful,  keeps  tender  a  long  time 
Qiant  Paris  White  (Cos),  best  for  summer 
Balloon  (Cos),  largest  of  all  .         


lOd. 

1/- 
1/- 
9d- 


8d. 
8d. 
8d. 

per  pkt. 

6d. 

6d. 

6d. 

per  oz.  1(6 


3d. 

per  oz.  I 

1/6 
1,4 


The 


jcy  C9  WORLD'S  BEST 
^^^  STRAIN 


Unequalled        for         Richness        of 

Colour,     Beauty      of      Form      and 

Size    of     Flowers, 

Send  for  Catalogue — Post   Free. 

JOHN  K.  KING  &  SONS  Ltd. 

COGGESHALL,    Essex. 


ONION. 

Excelsior  (true),  packets  750  seeds  6d.    .  . 
Ailsa  Craig,  packets  750  seeds  6d. 
White  Spanish  or  Reading 
Bedfordshire  Champion   . . 
Qiant  Zittau,  one  of  the  best  keepers 
Qiant  White  Tripoli,  best  flat  white  onion 

PARSNIP. 

Hollow  Crown,  specially  selected. . 

SPINACH. 

Bummer  or  Winter    . 

SHALLOTS. 

Best  Selected  Roots 

TURNIP. 

Model  White  Stone 

Extra  Early  IVIilan  Purple-top   ., 

Qolden  Ball 


8d. 
8d. 
9d. 
8d. 
9d. 


2 
2'- 

1/' 
1/6 
1/8 
16 


per  oz. 
4d. 


per  lb. 
6d. 

per  oz. 
6d. 
9d. 
6d. 


PEAS,  BEANS, 

from  1,6  per  pint  AND  from  1,-  per  pint 

SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES. 

ALL    THE     LEADINQ     VARIETIES     AT     MODERATE 
PRICES.    See  Catalogue. 

MjL  other  seeds  equally  cheap  and  good 
SWEET  PEAS  A  SPECIALITY. 
THEIlT^NIQUE^  LISTS 

Post  Free  on  application. 

ROBERT    SYDENHAM     LIMITED 


SPRING     OFFER 


OF 


FRUIT  TREES,   ROSES, 
HARDY  PERENNIALS, 

Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

IVe  are  now  in   a  position   to   giire  prompt   delivery. 

The  following  Illustrated  Catalogues  free  on 
request  : — 

(1)  Fruit  Trees,  Roses,  Hardy  Perennials. 

(2)  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbers,  etc. 

Good  specimens  of  Cedrus  Deodara,  Cupressus 
Lavvsoniana,  Thuya  Lobii,  Abies  Nordmanniana, 
Evergreen  Oaks,  Green  Euonymus,  Limes,  Horse 
Chestnut.s,  English  Oaks,  Turkey  Oaks,  Elms  in 
variety,  Copper  Beech,  and  other  trees  suitable  for 
Avenue  or  Ornamental  group  planting. 

Particulars    and    Prices    on    application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


B"TH     S    Medal 

SWEET  PEAS 

We  are  not  merely  dealers  in  and  advertisera  of 
SWEET  PEAS,  but  grow  many  acres  for  seed,  and 
supply  most  of  the  large  wholesale  houses  in  the 
trade.  In  buying  from  us,  you  are  buying  from; 
the  grower,  and  not  the  dealer.  The  following 
Collections  contain  the  best  varieties  in  cultivationj 
All  seeds  are  hand-picked  and  of  first  clsss  germn 
inating  quality. 

Collection   A.  Price   2  3. 

12  Splendid  waved  varieties.  { 

Each    packet    contains    twenty    seeds.     If    purchased' 

•  separately  3d.  per  packet. 

Earom  Beauty. — Bright  orange  scarlet  I 

Elfrida  Pearson.— Pale  pink,  su«used  salmon 
Elsie  Herbert. — White,  edged  and  suffused  rosy  pink  ! 
King  White.— Pure  white,  beautifully  frilled  '! 

Margaret  Atlee. — Cream,  suffused  pink.  1 

Marks  Tey. — Standard  rosy  mauve,  wings  bluish  mauve.J 
Mauri  Holmes. — The  best  crimson  waved  variety.  ' 
Mrs.  J.  Balmer. — Deep  cream,  suffused  bright  scarlet  1 
New  Margaret  Madison.— A  clear  waved  pure  lavender  ! 
Queen  of  Norway.- Rosy  mauve.  I 

Rosabelle. — Rich  bright  rose  self.  I 

Thomas  Stevenson.— Orange  scarlet. 

Collection    B.  Price   3/9.         ' 

12   Very  fine   vi/aved  varieties.  I 

1  he  number  of  seeds  and  price  per  packet  are  indicated ' 
after  each  variety.  I 

Dobbie's  Cream.— The  richest  cream  extant  (15)     3d.   ! 
tiegance.- — Soft  silvery  pink  on  cream  ground  (lo)  6d.; 
Hilda. — Orange  scarlet  (15).     3d. 
Margaret  Fife.— Bright  Aubrietia  blue  (10).     3d. 
Market  Pink.— Rich  pink,  on  cream  ground  (10).     Sd.-'^ 
Mascott's  White.— The    finest    of  all   whites  (10).  6d.  I 
Mavis. — Blush  rose  centre,  blush  edged  wings  (15).  4d. 
Mrs.  C.  P.  Tomlin.— Scarlet,  tinted  fiery  red  (10).   4d. 
Orchid. — Lilac  tinted  violet-mauve  {15).     3d. 
Royalty. — Dark  blue  (12).     4d. 
Tangerine.- Bright  glowing  orange  (10).     6d. 
Warrior.- — Very  large  maroon  (15).     4d.  ' 

Collections  A  and  B  together  for  .5/9.  with  one  packet  of  . 
Mrs.    R.    Hallam,    soft   salmon,    flushed   primrose    (15)  ■ 
3d.  gratis. 

Collection    C.  Price  4/- 

1 2    Extra  fine   varieties. 

Every  variety  in  this  Collection  is  starred  by  the  Floral 
Committee  of  the  National  Sweet  Pea  Society  as  being  '■ 

the  best  of  its  colour. 
The  number  of  seeds  and  price  per  packet  are  indicated  ■ 

after  each  variety. 
Barbara. — Deep  shrimp  pink  (15).     3d. 
Charitv. — The  best  waved  crimson  (15).     4d. 
Constance  Hinton. — Large  pure  white  (25).     4d. 
Daisvbud. — Rich   rose  pink  on  white  ground  (12).     6d. 
Hawlmark  Pink. — Rich  bright  rose  pink,  deeply  flushed 

and  shaded  salmon  (10).     6d.  ' 

Jean  Ireland. — Creamv  buff,  standards  shaded  carmine  : 

(15).    4d. 
King  Mauve. — .^i  giant  mauve  self  (1.5).     4d.  1 

Mrs.    Arnold     Hitchcock.— Pale    pink    flushed  with 

salmon  on  cream  ground  (12).     6d.  I 

Mrs.   Tom   Jones. — Deep   amethyst   blue  {12).    6d.      I 
R.  F.  Felton. — Verv  fine  lavender  (20).     4d. 
Royal    Salute. — Salmon  red  flushed  orange  (10).     6d.    ' 
The  President. — Rich  orange  scarlet  (13)    4d. 
Collections  B  and  C  together  for  7;6,  with  one  packet    ' 
of  Loyalty,   white,   flaked    royal    blue    (?o)    3d. ;    and    ' 
one  packet  of  Brocade,  a    pleasing   salmon    rose    tint, 
shaded  mauve  (is)    6rt.  gratis. 

The  three  complete  collections  and  three  gratis  packets 

for  9,6.  I 

Customers   may   select   from    the   Collections   packets 

priced  separately   to   the   value  of  3s.   and  over,   and 

deduct  2d,  in  the  is.  from  remittance. 

BATH'S  SELECT  VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER  SEEDS. 

Full  Illustrated  Catalogue  post  free  on  application. 

R.   H,  BATH,   LTD.,  ! 

THE     FLORAL     FARMS, 

WISBECH.  I 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January   2q,  1921. 


RYDERS 
NEW  SWEET  PEAS 

Ryders  Rich  Orange. 

A  glorious  salmon  orange  of  good  substance, 
which  will  be  indispensable  to  exhibitors. 

Ryders  Frilled  Pink. 

A  very   handsome  deeply  waved  Sweet  Pea 
of  rich  Countess  Spencer  pink  colour. 

Ryders  Cream  Pink. 


Of    beautiful     rich 
cream  at  the  base. 


pinK,    deeply    shaded    to 


Ryders  Giant  Vk/hite. 

A  large  flowered  white  of  splendid  form 
and  substance,  and  bearing  four  and  five 
blooms. 

Ryders  Giant  Lavender. 

The  best  of  all  the  lavenders.  Nicely  wived 
and  of  bright,  clear  colouring. 

Ryders  Giant  Crimson. 

The  largest  of  all  Sweet  Peas  and  of  very 
bright  but  shining  crimson.  A  very  sym- 
metrical spike. 

Ryders  Flame  Red. 

A  grand  Sweet  Pea  with  large  waved  flowers 
of  Corn  Poppy  scarlet  which  does  not  burn. 

Ryders  Frilled  Cream. 

The  nearest  approach  to  the  greatly  desired 
Yellow  Sweet  Pea.  Immense,  but  not  coarse 
blooms. 

In  2d.  packets;    larger  packets  at  6d.  and   1/-. 

Write  for  full  descriptive  list  of  these  and  a  very  larac 
number  of  other  novelties  as  u-ett  as  standard  x'arieties. 

RYDERS,  Seed  Dept.  11,  ST.  ALBANS 

[RyiU-r  &  Son  U9M  Ltd.) 

EverylUii!  'or  the   garden    from    Ryders -SEEDS.    SHRUBS. 

PLANTS   ROSES.  BULBS.  PuTATOES.  ilc. 


WATERERS' 
SUPER 

SEEDS 


for 


VEGETABLE 

FLOWER^  gardens: 

Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Garden  Guide 
Free  on  application. 

SCOTCH    GROWN 
SEED   POTATOES 

are  quoted  at  extremely 
advantageous  rates.  Our 
stock  is  of  the  finest  qual- 
ity  we  have  ever  handled. 

PROMPT    DESPATCH. 

SATISFACTION     GUARANTEED. 


L 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP,  LTD., 

SEED    MERCHANTS,   TWYFORD,   BERKS. 


Notes  From  Maidstone. 

PEACH  LEAF  CURL. 

The  fungus  causing  blister 
and  curl  of  the  leaves  of  the 
Peach,  Nectarine  and  allied 
trees  mill  be  familiar  to  all 
gardeners.  For  this  disease  it 
is  necessary  to  spray  before 
tJie  buds  open,  and  the  success 
of  Medela  as  a  specific  for 
preventing  attack  has  been  its 
own  recommendation,  and  it 
is  only  necessary  to  remind 
those  interested  to  obtain 
Medela  NOW,  before  the 
opportunity  for  spraying  has 
passed.  Medela  should  be 
diluted  I  part  to  i6  parts  soft 
water,  and  is  obtainable  only 
from  us  in  i  quart  cans.  3/-  ; 
i  gallon,  4'6  ;  i  gallon,  7/6  ; 
2  gallons,  126  ;   cans  free. 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


.-^r^m©^. 


No.  2567.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


[January  29,  1921. 


FLOWERS    from    SEED   for    tke    COMING    SUMMER 


WE  are  now  on  the  threshold 
of  a  busy  season  and  within 
the  next  few  weeks  garden 
lovers  in  all  parts  of  the 
British  Isles  will  be  sowing 
seeds  of  summer  flowers.  The  kinds  that 
are  commonly  classed  as  half-hardy 
annuals  are  sown  in  heat — that  is  to 
say,  in  a  moderate  greenhouse  or  frame 
— afterwards  pricked  off  separately  in 
boxes  and  planted  out  at  bedding 
time.  Among  the  earliest  sown,  as 
soon  as  may  be  after  the  middle  of 
February,  are  the  splendid  Snapdragons 
that  are  now  to  be  had  in  so  many  fine 
varieties.  They  have  different  names  in 
the  various  seed  lists,  but  one  may  say 
that  the  most  generally  useful  are — of  the 
tall  kinds,  white,  yellow,  pale  and  deep 
pink  and  the  deep  blood-crimson  wdth 
dark  fohage;  and  of  the  shorter  kinds, 
called  intermediate,  white,  yellow  and 
pale  pink.  An  early 
sowing  of  Hollyhocks 
and  Pentstemons  is 
also  desirable,  for 
though  they  are  both 
commonly  treated  as 
biennials,  if  sown 
early  they  will  flower 
in  the  late  summer. 
We  also  advise  an 
early  sowing  of  the 
two  handsome  annual 
Daturas,  D.  cerato- 
caula  and  D.  Cornu- 
copia, pushing  them 
on  as  quickly  as  may 
be  so  that  they  have 
time  to  make  their 
rather  large  growth 
and  handsome  trum- 
pet flowers  before  the 
end  of  the  season. 
Then  ^vill  come  the 
time  for  raising  Salpi- 
glossis,  Zinnia  and 
Verbena,  arid,  by  the 
end  of  February  we 
are    sowing  I^obelias, 

both  the  tall  scarlet  and  the  dwarf  blue 
bedding  lands,  foUowng  in  March  with 
Alonsoa,  Nicotiana,  Stocks  and  Asters. 
Maize  comes  later,  and  the  last  of  all, 
about  the  third  week  of  April,  Ageratum, 
Amarantus,  '  Marigolds  (both  French  and 
African),    Tropaeolums    and    Sunflowers. 

The  summer  garden  at  Munstead  Wood, 
illustrated     on    page    54,     has     a      main 


planting  of  groups  of  Dahlia,  Canna  and 
Gladiolus,  leaving  considerable  spaces, 
which  are  filled  with  the  prepared  annuals. 
Near  the  edges  there  are  also  Geraniums 
and  scarlet  Salvia.  The  annuals  are 
grouped  between,  and  at  their  blooming 
season  are  of  equal  importance,  some 
even  of  greater,  for  nothing  can  exceed 
the  brilliancy  of  display  of  a  patch  of 
orange  African  Marigolds,  or  make  a 
brighter  edging  than  some  of  the  miniature 
forms  of  the  same  plant  or  of  the  dwarf 
Tropajolums.  It  is  all  arranged  for  good 
colour  effect,  tender  colourings  at  the 
two  ends  coming  gradually  to  a  culmina- 
tion of  gorgeousness  in  the  middle.  The 
colour  sequence  is  composed  thus  :  for 
the  beginning,  at  the  back,  white  and 
yellow  Dahlias  intergrouped  with  striped 
Maize  ;  then  half  way  forward  Lilium 
longiflorum  and  the  beautiful  pale  yellow- 
Gladiolus   Lily  Lehmann,    fortunately   one 


then  becomes  more  bushy  and  fuller  of 
bloom.  Then  come  some  pale  pink 
flowers,  Pentstemon,  Geranium  and  large 
drifts  of  Snapdragons.  The  colour  then 
gradually  deepens  till,  towards  the  middle 
of  the  garden's  length,  we  come  to  the 
strongest  reds.  Here  are  again  Dahlias, 
Gladioli  and  Pentstemons,  with  Geraniums 
and  scarlet  Salvias  to  the  front,  with  more 
of  our  annuals,  or  plants  grown  as  annuals 
— the  brilliant  scarlet,  dark-leaved  Lobelia 
cardinalis,  the  tall,  dark  red  Snapdragon, 
also  with  dusky  leaves,  and  at  the  back, 
among  the  red  Dahlias,  Ricinus  Gibsoni 
with  richly  coloured  foliage. 

The  annuals  named  are  only  some  of 
the  many  that  can  be  used  for  summer 
bedding,  for  there  are,  besides,  the 
gorgeous  Indian  Pinks  and  the  dwarf 
Phloxes  and  several  other  good  plants; 
but  quite  enough  have  been  indicated  for 
the  making  of  a  fine  effect  in  any  one  garden. 


A    LOVELY    ANNUAL    (RHODANTHE    MANGLESII)    FROM    SEED    SOWN    ON    A    SUNNY  BANK 

of  the  less  costly  kinds  ;  and  quite  to 
the  front  a  favourite  mixture  of  Calceo- 
laria amplexicaulis  and  the  variegated 
Mint,  Mentha  rotundifolia.  Some  groups  of 
nearly  pure  white  flowers  follow  ;  the  fine 
double  Pyrethrum  Mrs.  Sander,  and,  as  an 
accompanying  annual,  the  dwarf  white 
Cosmos,  a  plant  much  improved  by  being 
pinched   back  two   or  three  times,    for   it 


The  Swan  River  Ever- 
lasting Flower  Rhodan- 
the  Manglesii.  —  These 
charming  Australian  an- 
nuals require  careful  obser- 
vation when  first  appear- 
ing through  the  soil,  as  in 
this  early  stage  slugs 
devour  them  greedily. 
They  have  become  such 
established  favourites  here 
that  we  decided  to  sow  the 
seeds  from  .■^pril  to  July 
in  order  to  prolong  their 
season  of  bloom.  The  illus- 
tration depicts  a  sn^all 
group  of  R.  Manglesii 
sown  as  late  as  July 
and  which  has  been  most 
effective  even  to  the  end 
of  November.  The  pretty 
depending  flowers  are 
rose  coloured,  with  a  con- 
spicuous yellow  centre, 
silvery  on  the  outside.  R. 
maculatum  has  silvery 
pink  flowers,  with  a  crim- 
son inner  ring  and  yellow  centre.  There  is  also  a 
white  form  of  this.— E.  Markhxm,  Sus,ex. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 

February  i.— Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural 
Society's   Meeting. 

February  7. — National  Chrysanthemum  Society's 
Annual  Meeting.  Nottingham  and  Notts  Chry- 
santhemum Societv's  Meetini,. 


52 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  29,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 

{The  Editor  is  not  responsible  for  the  opinions  expressed  by  correspondents.) 


"  CYANIDING    A    VINERY." 

T  NOTICE  under  the  above  heading  (The 
Garden,  January  S)  the  use  of  sulphuric 
acid  and  water.  My  object  in  writing  to  you 
is  to  caution  anyone  against  adding  water  lo 
sulphuric  acid.  If  this  is  done,  the  very  violent 
reaction  will  probably  cause  globules  of  the  acid 
to  fly  all  over  the  place,  with  possibly  grave 
results.  The  acid  should  be  added  to  the  water, 
gently  stirring  meanwhile  with  a  glass  rod.  The 
cyanide  fumes  will  be  released  very  rapidly  by 
the  acid,  and  every  precaution  should  be  observed. 
— G.  Bertram  Kershaw,   Wcstminsicr. 

BUTTERFLIES    AND    FLOWERS. 

■XS/ITH  regard  to  the  interesting  discussion 
which  has  recently  taken  place  in  The 
Garden  as  to  the  flowers  most  frequented  by 
butterflies,  I  have  for  many  years  kept  notes 
of  the  most  attractive  flowers.  For  the  Van- 
Essids,  the  Buddleia,  with  the  pendent  lilac 
racemes  of  flowers,  is  one  of  the  most  favoured ; 
Valerian,  Heliotrope  and  Lobelia  are  also  attractive. 
Thistles,  Ragwort,  Bugle  and  Scabious  in  their 
season  are  very  frequently  visited.  The  liking 
of  the  hawkmoth  for  Petunia  and  Nicotiana 
affiuis  is  well  known ;  while  Verbena  is  often 
visited.  As  regards  nocturnal  moths,  there  is 
little  to  beat  Ivy  and  Sallow  blossoms. — G.  B.  K., 
^Vestmin'tcr,   S.W. 

CHRYSANTHEMtTM  MME.  R.  OBERTHtlR. 

TN  the  ordinary  method  of  culture  for  large 
blooms  this  variety  is  quite  early  flowering, 
but  when  grown  on  the  stopping  principle  it  is 
an  excellent  December-flowering  variety.  Pure 
white  in  colour,  with  medium-sized  petals  which 
fall  gracefully,  building  up  compact,  useful  blooms 
for  decoration  in  a  variety  of  ways.  I  lately  saw 
a  batch  of  plants  that  were  put  out  in  the  open 
ground  in  May,  allowed  to  grow  away  uninter- 
ruptedly, reaching  4  feet  high.  In  October  they 
were  lifted  and  planted  at  the  base  of  a  vinery  wall, 
where  they  are  now  (mid-January)  flowering  in 
profusion. — E.  M. 

A     SELECTION    OF     SWEET    PEAS. 

npHE  greatest  difficulty  about  Sweet  Peas  is 
the  selection  of  varieties,  and,  in  growing 
a  limited  number,  many  one  would  like  have  to 
be  discarded.  I  am  sending  the  selection  of 
eighteen  Sweet  Peas  I  am  trying  this  year,  and 
I  think  it  will  take  some  beating :  Constance 
Hinton,  Unwin's  Cream,  Unwin's  Pink,  Daisybud, 
Royal  Purple,  May  Unwin,  Mrs.  Tom  Jones, 
Charity,  Gladys,  Hebe,  The  Queen,  Red  Ensign, 
Elegance,  Mrs.  J.  T.  Wakefield,  Warrior,  Royal 
Scott,  Picture  and  Unwin's  Lavender. — A.  W. 
KiDLEY,  Tny-y-Wain  House,   Pentyrch,   Cardiff. 

SWEET    PEA    HAWLMARK    PINK. 

T  WAS  very  interested  reading  Mr.  Lambert's 
remarks  on  Sweet  Peas  in  your  issue  of 
January  i,  and  with  his  selection  of  varieties 
there  is  not  much  to  criticise  ;  but  in  the  last 
paragraph,  where  he  to  some  extent  apologises 
for  leaving  out  Hawlmark  Pink  from  his  selection, 
he  makes  a  statement  which  I  think  he  will  find 
very  difficult  to  substantiate.  He  says  this 
variety  gives  two  colour  types  ;  it  certainly  does  ! 
but  the  break  from  the  original  is  distinctly  brighter, 
with  a  touch  of  salmon  in  the  colouring,  and  not 
a  pale  Hercules,  as  Mr.  Lambert  suggests.  I 
have  had  the  pleasure — and  a  great  pleasure  it 
has   been,    too — to   see   this   growing   for   two   or 


three  seasons  at  Messrs.  Dickson's.  Last  year  I 
rlso  saw  it  in  quantity  at  several  places  and, 
incidentally,  my  firm  grew  many  thousands  of 
plants,  both  under  glass  and  in  the  open,  and 
never  yet  have  I  seen  one  plant  that  by  any 
stretch  of  imaguiation  might  be  termed  a  pale 
Hercules.  I  think  were  this  variety  liable  to 
give  plants  of  the  colour  named  1  should  have 
at  least  seen  one  of  them,  and  though  they  may 
have  been  rogued  at  Messrs.  Dickson's  and  other 
places  where  they  were  being  grown  for  seed, 
such  was  not  the  case  here,  and  knowing  what 
I  do  of  this  variety,  I  do  not  think  it  could  possibly 
throw  a  rogue  of  either  Hercules  shape  or  colour ; 
hence  my  venturing  to  criticise  a  statement  which 
I  look  upon  as  being  very  damaging  to  a  really 
excellent  variety  of  Sweet  Pea. — Thomas 
Stevenson,  Messrs.  Lowe  and  Shawyer,   Uibrtdse, 

THE     SNOWDROP. 

I  kiss  the  drooping  Snowdrop. 

It  looks  so  pure  and  sweet  ; 
Just  as  if  direct  from  heaven. 

In  robes  of  white  complete, 
As  I  admire  I  wonder  why 
It  hangs  its  head,   and  looks  so  shy. 

I  lift  it  very  gently, 

It  seems  uncanny  frail. 
Trembles  at  the  slightest  touch 

Like  breeres  move  a  sail. 
But  when  I  look  into  its  face 
I  see  outlined  its  perfect  grace. 

My  soul  is  lost  in  wonder, 

Such  beauty  moves  my  heart ! 

The  work  of  fairies  surely  this 
Or  else  an  angel  s  art ! 

Here  shines  out  loveliness  supreme, 

One  wonders  if  'tis  all  a  dream! 

Pray  linger  in  my  garden, 

Till  winter  days  depart. 
And  let  me  revel  in  thy  charms, 

To  soothe  my  aching  heart, 
And  when  you  take  your  interlude, 
Please  carry  too  my  gratitude. 
Lynmouth.  A.   Parker. 


ARALIA    SIEBOLDI. 

T  WAS  glad  to  read  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell's  note 
on  this  subject  in  a  recent  issue  of  The  Garden, 
for  I  had  just  seen  a  fine  specimen  of  this  shrub 
growing  in  a  cottage  garden  in  this  district.  This 
was  towards  the  end  of  November,  and  the  plant 
was  then  in  full  bloom,  bearing  a  large  number 
of  its  branching  flower-heads,  whose  creamy  white 
was  rendered  the  more  attractive  by  reason  of 
the  handsome,  rich  green,  glossy  foliage.  The 
dimensions,  at  a  guess,  of  this  plant  would 
be  8  feet  high  and  5  feet  through,  the  foliage 
coming  well  down.  The  aspect  was  due  north. 
In  my  own  garden  a  much  smaller  specimen  has 
just  stood  16°  of  frost  and  is  apparently  unharmed. 
Although  A.  Sieboldi  fFatsia  japonica)  turns  a 
sickly  yellow  if  exposed  to  too  much  sun,  it  does 
not  appear  to  bloom  freely  in  complete  shade. — 
A.  T.  J.,  Noith  Wales. 

PRIMULA    GRANDIS. 

"LJIGH  expectations  arise  in  the  mind  when  we 
think  of  the  name  of  Primula  grandis  or 
see  it  in  catalogues  to  tempt  the  purchaser.  But 
only  those  who  have  known  and  grown  it  can 
fully  realise  the  disappointment  which  awaits 
the  ardent  Primula-lover  when  he  sees  the  result 


of  his  care  and  expectant  thoughts.  Not  that 
P.  grandis  has  not  about  it  some  features  to 
justify  its  name  to  the  proud  title  of  "  grandis." 
It  has.  for  example,  magnificent  heart-shaped 
foliage,  which  the  grower  would  admire  for  itself. 
Then  it  has  a  tall,  graceful  stem,  surmounted  by 
elegant  pedicels  which  carry  the  flowers,  and  are 
of  much  delicacy  and  grace  themselves.  The 
disappointment  lies  in  the  flowers,  which  we 
naturally  expect  to  be  large  in  size  and  of  some 
grandeur.  On  the  contrary,  they  are  very  small, 
tubular  in  form  and  yellow  in  colour — and  that 
not  of  a  bright  hue.  So  the  early  promise  suggested 
by  the  fine  foliage  and  the  tall  growth  is  falsified 
when  the  flowers  are  at  their  best  and  the  ordinary 
man  expresses  disappointment.  It  comes  from 
the  Caucasus  and  appears  to  delight  in  a  moist 
soil,  though  one  which  is  well  drained.  The 
writer  grew  it  in  a  most  sandy  soil,  where  it  throve 
and  flowered  quite  well.  It  can  be  raised  from 
seeds,  but  as  it  makes  offsets  fairly  freely,  it  is 
speedier  to  increase  it  by  division  after  flowering. — 
S.  Arnott,  Dumiric^. 

COUVE    TRONCHUDA. 

TT  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  most  useful  vegetable, 
Couve  Tronchuda,  or  Portugal  Cabbage,  receives 
such  sparse  attention  from  the  average  gardener. 
As  a  rule  it  is  found  that  from  the  gathering  of  the 
last  dish  of  Ruimer  Beans  to  cutting  the  first 
Savoy,  Broccoli  is  the  only  standby.  Let  it  be 
said  that  Couve  Tronchuda  fills  a  place  along  with 
Broccoli,  which  come  to  maturity  in  late  autunm  ;  '^ 
that  it  is  an  acceptable  and  profitable  dish,  so 
profitable,  indeed,  that  unlike  ordinary  Cabbage, 
most  of  the  leaves  and  stalks  are  edible.  Seed 
sown  in  the  open  ground  in  April  will  provide 
plants,  which,  if  treated  as  winter  greens,  will 
furnish  food  for  the  table  from  October  for  a 
couple  of  months  at  least,  but  in  a  comparatively 
mild  winter  as  we  had  up  to  the  middle  of  December, 
it  yielded  many  baskets.  One  condition  for  its 
successful  culture  is  that  it  must  have  plenty  of 
room,  being  of  a  branching  habit,  and,  in  well 
manured  ground,  3  feet  each  way  is  not  too  much. 
Though  little  known,  I  regard  the  Portugal 
Cabbage,  from  its  delicate  flavour,  as  worthy  of  a 
place  in  a  garden  where  variety  in  green  vegetable 
in  autumn  is  appreciated. — W.  Linders  Lea. 

GERANIUM    PH^UM. 

'T'HE  variegated  leaves  of  this  plant  mentioned 
recently  by  Mr.  K.  T.  Johnson  are  very 
remarkable  and  doubtless  handsome,  and  it  is 
interesting  to  know  that  the  progeny  bear  similarly 
blotched  or  stained  leaves.  In  Switzerland  the 
Dusky  Geranium  is  both  rare  and  local,  as  in 
Britain.  Abroad  I  have  much  more  frequently 
seen  a  dirty  lilac  variety,  which  Grenier  and 
Godron  allude  to  in  the  "  Flore  de  France  "  as 
G.  lividum,  L'Heritier,  and  describe  as  "  d'un 
lilas  livide."  This  colour-form  is  frequent  at 
about  5,000  feet  in  parts  of  Western  Switzerland, 
as  about  the  Col  de  la  Forclaz  on  the  frontier 
between  Martigny  and  Chamonix.  It  probably 
occurs  in  other  countries  besides  France  and 
Switzerland. — H.  S.  Thompson. 

"  REFLEXING     IN     DAFFODILS." 

"COMERS'"  letter  in  The  Garden  of 
January  15  under  this  heading  seems  to 
throw  out  a  challenge  to  Daffodil  raisers  and 
their  ideals,  for  I  think  we  are  all  striving  for 
the  nicely  balanced  flower  which  looks  well  when 
viewed  sideways  as  well  as  full  face.  Of  the  many 
qualities  we  look  for  in  our  seedlings,  beauty  of 
form  is  by  no  means  the  least  important,  and 
we  note  most  critically  the  behaviour  of  the 
perianth    segments.     "  Rcflexing "    is    an    added 


January  29,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


53 


ASTERS     NINE     INCHES     ACROSS     GROWN     IN     A     COMPOST 
CONTAINING     PEAT     DUST. 


charm  to  some  flowers — for  instance,  the  Triandrus 
and  Cyclamineus  ;  and  there  are  many  varieties 
in  the  other  classes  which  have  more  or  less 
reflexed  segments  and  are  very  lovely,  but  a 
flower  that  la>-s  back  three  of  'ts  petals  and  leaves 
the  remaining  three  more  or  less  flat  neither 
looks  well  full  nor  side  face  and  rather  reminds 
me  of  a  dog  that  carries  one  ear  cocked  forward 
and  the  other  folded  back.  This  may  give  a  sense 
of  variety  in  distance  and  shadow,  but  how  many 
people  are  there  who  admire  it  ?  Those  beauti- 
fully rotmded  petals  of  the  Poeticus  and  the 
Poeticus  Barrii  should  be  firm  and  flat,  or  nearly 
so,  and  all  of  the  same  mind  !  I  look  upon  the 
complete  reflexing  of  all  or  some  of  the  petals 
in  this  particular  type  of  flower  as  a  defect,  and 
that  not  only  from  the  old-fashioned  "  florists'  " 
point  of  view.  Ask  Mr.  Chapman,  than  whom 
there  is  no  one  with  a  better  eye  for  grace  of 
form  in  the  Daffodil,  what  he  would  have  added 
to  the  wonderful  colour  and  texture  of  Crimson 
Braid  to  make  it  a  perfect  flower. — W.  A.  Watts, 
St.fAsaph,  North  Wales. 

A     FINE    GROUP    OF     ASTERS. 

nPHE  individual  blooms  of  the  Asters,  as  seen  in 
the  accompanying  illustration,  were  8  inches 
to  9  inches  across  and  were  raised  from  seed 
supplied  by  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons,  Reading, 
in  the  following  manner  :  The  seed  was  thinly 
sown  on  March  20  last  year,  in  a  cool  green- 
house, in  boxes.  r4  inches  by  10  inches  by  2  i  inches. 


in  June)  they  can  be 
easily  lifted  out  of  their 
boxes  witli  the  forefinger, 
having  a  large  ball  of 
earth  attached  and  none 
of  the  fibrous  roots 
damaged  ;  hence  they 
get  no  check  whatever. 
1  may  say  we  use  ex- 
actly the  same  compost 
for  Antirrhinums.  Phlox 
Drummondii,  etc.,  with 
equal  success.  —  J.  L. 
Cotter,  Annmount, 
(,los. 

AN  EARLY  CROCUS 

VOU  may  be  interested 
to  hear  that  on 
January  i  I  noticed  a 
violet  Crocus  in  full 
bloom,  and  several 
others  during  last 
week,  a  thing  I  do  not 
remember  before.  Surely 
this  is  exceptionally 
early  for  Northumberland,  as  the  Snowdrops 
(also  early  this  year)  are  only  just  begirming  to 
show  flower.  Of  course,  it  has  been  an  extra- 
ordinarily mild  season,  and  the  Daffodils  have  been 
well  above  ground  for  at  least  four  or  five  weeks. 
Aconites  are  also  in  flower,  and  even  Tulips  are 
beginning  to  show. — Ivy  Atkinson  Clark, 
Bdlord  Hall,   Belford,   Northumberland. 

BLUE    LEGS. 

nPH.AT  was  an  interesting  note  by  "  J.  P.," 
page  16,  on  Agaricus  personatus.  I  am  not 
wise  in  the  matter  of  edible  fungi,  though  I  am 
always  interested  in  them.  Are  the  Blue  Legs 
a  purely  local  fungus  peculiar  to  the  Gloucester- 
shire country,  or  is  it  only  the  custom  of  eating 
it  that  is  local  ?  In  this  neighbourhood  the 
Morell  is  found  in  early  summer.  It  grows,  I 
believe,  under  Elm  trees,  though  I  do  not  know 
its  exact  station.  This  season  the  crop  failed. 
There  is  a  certain  fruit  and  vegetable  shop  in 
Hitchin  which  specialises  in  it.  It  is  a  most 
toothsome  delicacy  and  may  either  be  cooked 
fresh  or  dried  and  used  for  flavouring,  and  rather 
resembles  fasciated  macaroni.  Another  very 
delicious  fungus  is  Boletus  edulis,  and  though 
I  believe  it  grows  around  Stevenage,  I  am  not 
very  certain  about  distinguishing  edulis  from 
other  species,  which  resemble  it  but  may  be 
poisonous.  So  hitherto,  I  have  left  it  alone  in 
these  parts  though  I  experimented  with  it  in 
South  Africa,   years  ago,   and  found  it  excellent. 


cooked  up  a  couple  with  some  tasty  scraps  of 
meat  and  gave  them  to  a  dog  who  was  not  very 
popular  in  the  house  just  then.  He  ate  them 
with  joy  and  came  up  smiling  next  day,  and  on 
the  strength  of  that  I  took  to  Boletus  and  had 
many  a  good  meal  of  them,  though  I  could  ne\'er 
induce  anyone  else  to  touch  them.  They  were 
much  more  fleshy  than  Mushrooms,  and  also 
more  tender  and  delicate,  and  they  had  the 
Mushroom  flavour.— Clarence  Elliott,  Stevenage. 


A  FIVE-FOOT  FLOWER 
BORDER 

I  SHOULD  be  grateful  if  you  would  kindly  advise 
me  as  to  the  best  perermials  to  get  for  a  new 
border  I  want  to  plant.  It  is  60  feet  long  by 
5  feet  wide,  and  runs  north-south,  with  a  3-foot 
wall  on  the  western  side  and  a  lawn  on  the  eastern. 
Outside  the  wall  is  a  Pear  orchard  with  trees 
partly  overhanging  the  border.  I  should  like 
most  of  the  herbaceous  plants  to  flower  in  July- 
August,  but  some  to  be  in  bloom  at  other  times. 
I  have  renewed  the  soil  with  good  top  spit  loam 
and  well  manured  it. — P.  T.,  Somerset. 

A  border  for  summer  flowers  60  feet  long  by 
only  5  feet  wide  and  facing  east  hardly  gives  scope 
for  the  most  effective  planting,  but  would  be  best 
treated  with  a  restricted  arrangement  for  colour, 
such  as  is  suggested  in  the  accompanying  sketch. 
By  planting  in  fair-sized  groups  of  not  too  many 
different  kinds  of  plants  some  kind  of  sense  of 
harmony  and  unity  would  be  gained.  The  colour- 
ing proposed  is  white,  pink  and  purple.  The 
letter  o  stands  for  Gypsophila  paniculata,  the 
Clematis  at  the  back  of  the  group  of  Delphinium 
is  C.  Flammula  ;  it  is  meant  to  be  trained  over 
the  Delphiniums  when  the  bloom  of  these  is  over 
and  is  cut  off,  leaving  the  stems  standing  about 
5  feet  high — just  right  for  the  support  of  the 
Clematis,  which  a  little  later  will  spread  also 
over  the  Echinops  when  the  colour  of  the  bloom 
of  this  is  fading,  about  the  third  week  in  August. 
The  Gypsophila  especially  and  some  of  the  other 
groups  of  strong-rooting  perennials  cannot  come 
to  their  full  strength  for  a  year  or  two  ;  it  will 
therefore  be  well  to  have  ready,  for  the  first  two 
years  at  any  rate,  some  other  hardy  and  half- 
hardy  annuals  for  filling  up  besides  the  China 
Asters  and  Antirrhinums.  Among  these  the  most 
useful  will  be  Lavatera  trimestris,  suitable  for 
any  back  spaces — the  old  pink  kind  rather  than 
the  so-called  "improved";  Godetia  Double 
Rose  and  the  good  annual  Larkspur  Delphinium 


10  20  3D  no  so 

A     NARROW     BORDER     OF     SUMMER     FLOWERS     WITH     RESTRICTED     ARRANGEMENT     FOR     COLOUR. 


60 


filled  with  ordinary  garden  soil,  well  mixed  with 
fine  silver  sand.  As  soon  as  the  seedlings  were 
of  a  size  to  be  comfortably  handled  they  were 
pricked  off,  2  inches  apart,  in  boxes  6  inches  deep 
filled  with  the  following  compost :  Two  parts  good 
garden  loam  and  one  part  peat  dust,  with  sufficient 
coarse  silver  sand  to  ensure  thorougli  drainage. 
Our  reason  for  -using  peat  dust  is  this  :  We  have 
found  from  careful  experiment  that  by  its  use  the 
soil  is  kept  in  such  excellent  open  condition  that 
when  the  time  comes  to  plant  out  the  young 
Asters    in '  their   permanent   quarters    (here    early 


I  met  some  French  workers  on  a  wine  farm  gathering 
fungi  in  a  wood.  They  told  me  that  they  are 
them  and  assured  me  that  they  were  excellent, 
lu'om  above  they  looked  like  rather  large  penny 
buns,  and  beneath  they  were  greenish  yellow 
sponge  and  rather  revolting-looking.  Some  weeks 
later  I  found  apparently  similar  fungi  growing 
in  another  district  and  took  several  home,  but 
I  felt  that  unless  one  is  a  specialist  it  is  better 
not  to  rely  upon  a  superficial  resemblance.  (In 
gathering  strange  fungi  for  the  table  a  littl'  know- 
ledge   may  prove    a   painful  tting.)     However,   I 


consolida.  The  last  is  sold  in  separate  colours  ; 
a  good  pink  and  the  one  called  "  blue,"  which  is 
really  purple,  will  be  of  use.  These  are  sown 
where  they  are  to  bloom.  Then  of  half-hardy 
annuals  any  others  of  the  China  Asters  may  be 
advised,  of  white  and  what  is  called  "  blue " 
but  is  really  purple,  and  dwarf  Ageratum  for 
filling  any  spaces  near  the  front.  Those  of  the 
fine  Scabious  that  are  of  the  right  colour,  such  as 
the  ones  named  Snowball  and  Azure  Fairy,  will 
also  come  in  well  in  middle  spaces  and  towards 
the  back. 


54 


THE    GARDEN. 


[January  29,  1921. 


ANNUALS    FOR    SUNNY    AND     SHADY     PLAGES 

And  for  Filling   Spaces  in  Newly   Planted  Borders 


Annuals    for    Sunny    Places 

So  many  of  our  annuals  arc  natives  of  sub-tropical 
regions — some  even  of  the  tropics — tfiat  it  is 
safe  to  say  that  quite  three-quarters  of  them  are 
suited  for  sunny  places  ;  in  fact,  it  is  compara- 
tively rare  to  find  among  them  cultivated  forms 
derived  from  the  flora  of  our  own  and  equally 
temperate  regions,  such  as  the  Foxgloves  of  the 
woods,  the  Wallflowers  of  old  ruins,  and  the 
cornflowers  and  Poppies  of  the  arable  fields. 
FrOm  the  whole  region  of  the  Levant,  from  India, 


By    GERTRUDE    JEKYLL,    V.M.H. 

South  Africa  and  South  and  Central  America 
come  the  bulk  of  our  annuals,  those  from  the 
warmest  regions  being  the  ones  we  class  as  half- 
hardy.  These  are  too  tender  to  be  sown  at  once 
in  the  open  ground  ;  it  is  not  that  they  would 
not  germinate,  but  that  their  progress  would  be 
so  slow  that  they  would  not  come  to  their  flowering 
strength  till  too  late  in  the  season.  They  are 
therefore  raised  in  heat  in  February  and  March, 
pricked  off  into  boxes  and  planted  out  towards 
the  end  of  May  or  early  in  June.  These  will 
include  the  greater  number  of  those  that  do  best 


PYRETHRUM    AND    GLADIOLUS    IN    THE    SUMMER    GARDEN    AT    MUNSTEAD    WOOD. 


^'m^^m'^ 


w 


in  the  warmest  exposure — French  and  African 
Marigolds,  Indian  Pinks,  Alonsoa,  Ageratum. 
Phlox  Drummondii,  China  Asters,  Portulaca. 
Zinnia,  Salpiglossis,  Brachycome,  Bartonia,  Arge- 
mone,  Trop^olum  and  others. 

There  are  annuals  also  that  are  suitable  for  the 
hottest  places  in  rockwork  ;  in  fact,  this  is  the 
best  place  for  little  gems  only  an  inch  or  two 
high,  such  as  Grammanthes  gcntianoides,  the 
tiny  Blue  Stonecrop  and  the  little  Nycterinia, 
more  properly  named  Zaluzianskya,  a  charming 
little  starry  flower  that  should  more  often  be 
grown  in  such  a  place  as  raised  rockwork,  where 
it  can  be  brought  near  the  eye  and  is  not  in  danger 
of  being  smothered  by  plants  of  larger  size. 


Annuals    for    Shady    Places 

It  may  sound  rather  Irish  to  say  that  the  best 
annuals  for  shady  places  are  biennials,  but  the 
statement  may  be  allowed  to  pass,  because  for 
garden  purposes  annuals  and  biennials  are 
commonly  considered  together.  Places  in  shade 
other  than  those  sheltered  by  buildings,  will  be 
near  trees  or  shrubs,  and  the  aspect  will  be  any- 
thing between  east  and  north.  Such  a  place 
and  aspect  is  specially  suitable  to  some  of  the 
finest  biennials,  such  as  Foxgloves,  Mulleins  and 
QJnothera  Lamarckiana.  Where  space  allows  of 
these  being  planted  in  a  quantity  of  one  kind 
at  a  time,  distinct  and  fine  effects  may  be  secured. 
The  pure  white  Foxglove,  seen  in  shade,  is  one 
of  the  best  of  summer  flowers  ;  Verbascum 
olympicum,  a  towering  candelabrum  of  pale 
yellow,  and  the  quicker  growing  V.  phlomoides, 
also  tall  and  pale  yellow,  are  only  seen  at  their 
best  in  shade,  for,  except  at  dusk  or  in  cloudy 
or  drizzling  weather,  the  flowers  are  never  properly 
expanded  when  the  plants  stand  quite  in  the  open. 
The  tall  Evening  Primrose  also,  when  in  shade, 
does  not  wait  for  the  later  hours  to  open  its  wide- 
spread bloom  of  tendercst  yellow.  > 

Of  the  true  annuals  the  finest  for  a  shady  place 
is  the  tall  Balsam,  Impatiens  glandulifera  and 
especially  the  fine  white  variety  sold  as  I.  Roylei. 
The  flowers  are  pure  white,  and  the  conspicuous 
stems  and  long-shaped  leaves  a  light  yellowish 
green.  It  will  grow  from  7  feet  to  8  feet  high; 
branching  wide,  with  its  s\veet-smelling  flowers 
of  true  Balsam  form  suspended  in  clusters  from 
the  ends  of  the  branches  and  axillary  shoots. 
There  is  also  the  fine  Polygonum  orientale,  a 
tall,  vigorous  annual ;  the  colour  of  the  type  is 
a  strong  magenta ;  but  there  is  a  pure  white 
variety  of  great  beauty,  though  it  is  not  always 
to  be  had. 

Among  the  Campanulas,  many  of  them  shade- 
loving,  there  are  not  many  annuals  or  biennials 
compared  with  the  numbers  of  the  perennial 
species  ;  but  there  is  a  whole  series  of  fine  things 
m  the  Canterbury  Bells,  in  purple,  light  and 
dark,  white  and  pink  colourings.  The  biennial 
Honesty  (Lunaria  biennis)  is  also  best  in  a  sbady 
|ilace ;  also  the  Tobacco  plants  and  the 
Rockets. 


HOLLYHOCKS     IN     LATE     SUMMER, 


Annuals    for    Filling    Gaps 

One  of  the  good  uses  of  annuals  is  for  filling  up 
spaces  in  borders  of  newly  planted  perennials. 
Many  of  these  are  deep-rooted  and  will  take 
a  year  or  even  more  to  grow  to  their  full  strength. 
If  they  are  to  do  their  best  and  to  look  their  best 


January  29,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


55 


they  should  be  placed  so  that  both  their  groups 
and  their  individuals  will  stand  right  when  the 
plants  comprising  them  have  come  to  reasonable 
maturity.  When  this  kind  of  thought  and  care 
have  been  given,  there  will,  necessarily,  at  first 
be  gaps  and  spaces  between.  If  these  are  filled 
with  annuals,  the  hardy  ones  sown  in  place  in 
March  or  early  April,  and  the  half-hardy  planted 
out  in  May,  the  border  will  be  well  filled,  the 
perennials  meanwhile  growing  on  and  in  a  year 
or  two  filling  their  space  and  standing  in  well- 
shaped  groups  instead  of  being  unduly  crowded. 

For  back  fillings  with  annuals  of  large  size  there 
will  be  Lavatera  trimestris,  Opium  Poppies,  the 
fine  white  Impatiens  Roylei,  Tobacco  plants, 
striped  Maize,  Sunflowers  and  Atriplex  hortensis  ; 
for  middle  spaces  Sweet  Sultan,  Cornflower, 
several  Chrysanthemums  of  the  Coronaria  class, 
tall  Snapdragons,  French  and  African 
Marigolds,  Coreopsis,  Gaillardia, 
Godetia,  Malope,  Lupines  and  Nigella  ; 
for  the  front  Mignonette,  the  smaller 
Snapdragons,  Jacobsa,  Koniga,  dwarf 
Marigolds,  dwarf  Tropsolums,  Phlox 
Drummondii,  Nemesia.  Ageratum. 
China  Asters  and  Lobelia.  This  list 
by  no  means  exhausts  the  number 
of  annuals  that  are  good  for  filling, 
but  includes  some  of  the  most  useful 
and  most  easily  grown. 


THE     SPACING     OF     ANNUALS 


A   Useful  Guide  in  the  Growing  of  Some  of  the   Most 
Beautiful  of  Flowering  Plants 


^HERE  may  be  among  the  readers  of 
The  Garden*  some  who  have  not  had 
much  experience  in  growing  annuals  and 
to  whom  some  advice  about  the  space 
required  for  various  kinds  may  be  of 
service.  The  first  thing  in  the  case  of  those  that  we 
know  as  hardy  annuals,  that  are  sown  direct  where 
they  are  to  flower,  is  to  be  sure  to  sow  thinly. 
Thick  sowing  is  a  double  loss,  for  it  not  only 
wastes  seed,  but  when  the  seedlings  come  up  like 
a  close  turf  there  is  no  possibility  of  proper  thin- 
ning.    They  should   come   up   not   touching  each 


A  Handsome  Grass 

(GLYCERIA    AQUATICA    FOL.    VAR.) 

There  are  a  certain  number  of 
plants  whose  bloom  is  of  no  value 
but  that  are  prized  for  their  beauty 
of  foliage.  Such  a  one  is  this 
handsome  Grass,  a  great  improve- 
ment on  the  striped  form  of  the 
old  Gardeners'  Garters  (Phalaris 
arundinacea),  for  the  plant  has  a 
better  way  of  growth  £md  the 
striping  is  more  regular  and 
distinct ;  also,  instead  of  being 
white  it  has  a  warm  yellowish  tone 
that  matches  almost  exactly  with 
that  of  the  very  useful  variegated 
Mint,  to  which  its  form  is  a  dis- 
tinct contrast.  These  two  plants 
form  a  delightful  setting  to  such 
flowers  of  a  clear,  pale  yellow 
colour  as  Calceolaria  amplexicaulis 
and  yellow  Snapdragons.  The  plants 
shown  in  the  illustration  are  rather 
overgrown  and  too  loose  in  habit. 
To  correct  this  known  failing  our 
practice  is  to  lift  and  replant  them 
in  March  or  April.  This  gives  them 
just  the  check  needed  for  arresting 
the  overmuch  growth  of  late  summer,  but  from 
press  of  work  this  useful  precaution  was  neglected 
in  the  earUer  year. 


that  is  more  upright.  Climbers  are,  of  course, 
spaced  much  nearer  in  proportion  to  their  height. 
There  will  be  a  considerable  difference  to  be 
considered  between  kinds  sown  in  autumn  and 
tlie  same  sown  in  spring ;  those  sown  in  the 
third  week  of  September  grow  very  much  stronger 
than  those  sown  in  March.  Thus,  a  plant  of  the 
charming  blue  Nemophila,  that  one  would  thin 
to  9  inches  if  sown  in  spring,  may  if  sown  in  autumn 
cover  a  square  yard  of  ground.  The  following 
list  of  distances  apart  for  some  of  the  best  known 
annuals  may  be  a  useful  guide  to  those  who  are 
feeling  their  way  in  the  growing  of 
some  of  the  most  bright  and  beauti- 
ful of  flowering  plants  : 

Sunflowers,  Impatiens  glandulifera, 
Ricinus.  Maize  ;  2  feet.  Sweet  Peas, 
Convolvulus  major,  Tropaolum  can- 
ariense :         9      inches.  Lavatera. 

Nicotiana.  Cosmos.  Lupines,  Malope. 
French  and  African  Marigold.  Chry- 
santhemum coronarium.  tall  Snap- 
dragons;  12  inches  to  15  inches. 
Sweet  Sultan.  Coreopsis,  Scabious. 
Linum  grandiflorum ;  9  inches  to 
12  inches.  Gaillardia.  Nigella.  Godetia, 
intermediate  Snapdragons.  Calendula, 
Eschscholzia,  Mignonette  ;  9  inches. 
Sweet  Alyssum,  Jacobaea.  Ageiatum, 
dwarf  French  Marigold.  Phlox  Drum- 
mondii. Indian  Pinks,  dwarf  Nastur- 
tium :    4  inches  to   6  inches. 


Cleaning  of  Tree  Stems 

Where  trees  are  grown  in  confined  areas 
the  stems  are  often  overgrown  with  lichen 
and  moss.  For  the  worst  examples  there 
are  special  tools,  such  as  wire  brushes.  A 
good  spraying  with  some  reliable  winter  wash 
will  be  found  very  beneficial  in  removing 
these  parasitic  growths.  It  is  very  essential 
that  orchard  trees  should  be  treated  in  this 
way,  particularly  where  the  orchard  is  laid 
down  with  grass. 


AX     IMPROVEMENT      ON      THE     STRIPED     FORM     OF      THE     OLD 
gardeners'    GARTERS.       (GLYCERIA    AOUATIC.\    FOL.    V.\R.) 


Other,  and  as  soon  as  they  can  be  hcmdled  should 
be  thinned  out  to  a  certain  distance  apart, 
according  to  their  kind.  All  good  seedsmen's 
lists  give  the  height  of  the  plant,  and  it  may  he 
taken  as  a  safe  rule  for  anything  witliin  12  inches 
to  15  inches  high,  that  the  plants  should  be  thiiuied 
to  a  distance  apart  equal  to  two-thirds  of  the 
given  height.  Thus,  if  the  height  stated  is  6  inches, 
the  seedlings  should  stand  4  inches  apart.  Plants 
of  a  greater  height  may  have  rather  less  space, 
especially  if  they  are  of  an  upright  habit,  such 
as  that  of  the  large  Opium  Poppies,  which  may  be 
left  at  anything  from  12  inches  to  15  inches.  A 
little  experience  will  show  how  this  is.  for  an 
annual  of  bushy,  branching  habit,  such  as 
Lavatera  or  Blue  Cornflower,  will  want  more 
space    in    proportion    to    height    than     anything 


The  Bridal  Wreath 

(FRANCOA     RAMOSA.) 

1  OFT-TIMES  wonder  why  this  plant  is 
so  very  seldom  seen  in  gardens,  at  least 
in  Scotland.  I  have  a  plant  in  my 
garden  %vhich  has  grown  in  the  same 
spot  undisturbed  for  the  past  seventeen 
years.  It  has  never  had  the  slightest 
protection  of  any  kind,  summer  or 
winter,  and  it  flowers  regularly  every 
season.  I  do  not  think  it  has  grown 
any  larger  or  smaller  during  all  these 
years,  nor  does  it  seem  to  be  attacked 
by  vermin  of  any  kind,  not  even  the 
rabbit.  The  spot  on  which  it  grows 
is  slightly  raised,  but  sheltered  in  no 
way.  Last  winter  the  thermometer 
registered  1°  below  zero,  yet  the 
Francoa  was  as  happy  as  ever  last  sum- 
mer. I  do  not  consider  the  plant  as 
being  remarkably  beautiful,  yet  it  has 
undoubted  attractions.  I  find  it  is  a  fairly  reliable 
barometer  in  the  matrimonial  world,  as  maidens 
thus  inclined  linger  long  round  it,  as  butterflies 
round  the  Buddleias,  and  on  more  than  one 
occasion  I  have  later  on  had  requests  for  the 
blooms,  but,  alas '  invariably  too  late.  I  fre- 
quently see  the  plant  in  greenhouses  if  by  chance 
I  am  forced  through  civility  to  go  into  these 
places.  I  am  afraid  greenhouses  are  my  pet 
aversion ;  they  are  a  perfect  nightmare.  More 
gardens  are  made  hideous  from  greenhouses  than 
from  any  other  cause.  In  truth,  a  garden  with  a 
greenhouse  in  it  is  past  praying  for.  as  this  is  in- 
variably perked  up  in  the  most  prominent  position. 
I  would  rather  weave  a  garden  round  a  dungstead 
than  try  to  do  so  effectively  round  a  greenhouse. 
North    Brilaiit.  Formakis 


56 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  29,  1921. 


IRISES    IN    PANS 

Varieties   that  give    the    Earliest    Flowers    Available 
in   the    Unheated   Greenhouse 


IRIS     CANTAB.  IRIS    STYLOSA. 

These  early  flowering  Irises  are  prized  alike  in  garden,  greenhouse  or  sitting-room. 


NO  early  flowers  of  the  year  exceed 
the  bulbous  Irises  in  colour  beauty 
or  charm — none  are  more  welcome, 
because  of  their  utility  and  simple 
cultural  needs.  They  are  precious, 
too,  because  of  the  season  of  their  appearing ; 
and  choice  withal,  attracting  by  exquisite  colour 
combinations  and,  occasionally,  by  fragrance  ;  and 
merit  the  admiration  they  not  infrequently  receive. 
To  the  plant-lover  desirous  of  securing  the  earliest 
hardy  flowers  available  and  having  nothing  more 
than  a  cold  greenhouse  to  assist  him  in  his  aims, 
these  early  Irises  are  ideal,  since  in  such  a  structure 
they  receive  not  only  the  precise  measure  of 
protection  leading  to  perfect  develop- 
ment, but  also  provide  for  the  cultivator 
a  maximum  amount  of  enjoyment  for  the 
longest  possible  period.  Here,  too,  the 
gardener  may  enjoy  them  to  the  full  and 
in  comfort,  locating  points  of  beauty  or 
interest,  brought  into  prominence  because 
of  a  closer  proximity  to  the  vision  than 
is  possible  in  border  or  rock  garden. 
True,  they  may  be  grown  to  advantage 
in  the  latter  in  snug  positions  roofed 
ever  at  the  flowering  period  by  a  sheet  of 
glass  to  protect  from  pelting  rain,  hail 
or  snow ;  but  because  of  dwarf  stature, 
and  the  disfigurement  caused  by  soil 
splashes,  rock  garden  groups  should  bf 
protected  round  about  by  moss  or  some- 
thing akin — anything,  indeed,  that  will 
play  the  part  and  which  can  be  taken 
away  when  flowering  is  past. 

To  some,  at  least,  the  almost  autumn- 
flowering  Vartani,  for  example,  which 
may  be  expected  to  flower  in  either  of  the 
last  two  months  of  the  year,  protection  is 
wellnigh  essential,  since  with  freshly  im- 
ported bulbs  its  flowers   may  be   expected  a 


to  appear  before  Christmas.  Dainty  and  dwarf 
growing  and  of  lavender  or  pale  blue  colouring, 
it  is,  however,  an  exception,  the  season  for  these 
early  sorts  usually  opening  in  February.  By 
forwarding  in  frames,  or  perhaps  slight  warmth, 
the  nurseryman  gets  them  somewhat  earlier, 
as  witness  the  good  exhibit  of  I.  reticulata  and 
others  brought  to  the  Royal  Horticulttiral  Society's 
meeting  on  January  ii  by  Messrs.  Whitelegg 
and  Co.,  Chislehurst. 

Than  the  "  Netted  Iris "  no  early-flowering 
sort  enjoys  so  large  a  measure  of  popularity. 
Fuller  of  stature  than  most — attaining  at  flowering 
time  6  inches  to  8  inches  high — it  impels  admiration 


BEAUTIFUL     IRIS     OF     THE     RETICULATA     SET. 


by  the  very  richness  of  its  imperial  purple,  gold- 
flecked  flowers  and  by  a  fragrance  approximating 
to  that  of  Violets.  It  is  deservedly  the  most 
popular  of  its  race — quite  an  indispensable- — prized 
alike  in  garden,  greenhouse  or  sitting-room,  and 
adapted  to  a  large  sphere  of  usefulness.  It  is 
only  surpassed  by  that  known  as  major,  a  variety 
having  broader  fall  blades  which  rarely  reflex. 
Whether  this  true  form  is  still  in  cultivation  I 
am  not  sure.  That  known  as  Krelagei,  virtually 
the  type,  is  of  dwarfer  habit  and  of  broader  parts. 
It  is  of  a  reddish  purple  colour,  lacking  the 
flower  richness  of  the  first,  without  fragrance 
and,  by  comparison,  generally  less  ornamental. 
I.  r.  Histrid  is  earlier  in  flower  than 
either  of  the  above.  Smaller  and  dwarfer, 
it  is  dainty,  of  bright  blue  or  lilac  tone 
and  has  freckled  or  blotched  flowers. 
I.  r.  histrioides  is  of.  bolder,  broader 
parts  generally,  the  flowers  appearing 
well  in  advance  of  the  leaves.  The 
prevailing  colour  is  bright  blue,  the 
flowers    being   freely    blotched. 

Apart  from  these  is  a  rather  numerous 
company  of  hybrid  seedling  varieties,  all 
beautiful  in  their  way  and,  when  sufficiently 
plentiful,  will  doubtless  be  much  grown. 
Quite  among  the  more  distinct  is  that 
known  as  Cantab,  which  originated,  I 
believe,  in  Mr.  Bowles'  garden  at  Waltham 
Cross.  Little  more  than  3  inches  high  at 
flowering  time  and  of  almost  sky  blue 
tone,  it  is  most  welcome.  The  exquisite  I. 
Bakeriana  from  Armenia  is  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  of  them  all,  its  fragrant 
flowers  appearing  in  February  and  March. 
The  standards  are  sky  blue  ;  falls  white, 
copiously  blotched  with  deep  blue,  their 
marginal  parts  being  of  rich  deep  v  olet. 
No    early    bulbous     Iris    is     more     richly 


January  29,  1921.] 

dowered  from  the  colour  standpoint  or  more 
compactly  modelled  than  this.  Generally 
speaking,  an  amiably  disposed  kind  and  a 
good  doer,  it  has  not  been  much  in  evidence 
during  recent  years,  though  with  more  settled 
conditions  fresh  importations  will  doubtless  be 
forthcoming.  A  like  remark  applies  to  I.  Held- 
reichii  and  I.  Tauri,  sturdy  fellows,  both  of  the 
I.  pcrsica  set,  delightful  either  in  pots  or  pans 
in  the  cool  greenhouse,  or  in  the  sunniest  of  spots 
in  the  rock  garden. 

The  yellow-fiowcred  I.  Danfordis,  from  Asia 
Minor,  the  Cicilian  Taurus,  etc.,  is  quite  one  of 
the  most  charming  of  these  early-flowering  sorts 
and  welcome  to  boot.  A  species  of  lowly  stature, 
rarely  more  than  3  inches  or  4  inches  high  and 
compactly  modelled,  the  yellow  ground  colour 
is  freely  spotted  with  green.  Though  very  dwarf 
habited,  it  is  among  the  hardiest  of  them  all 
and  one  of  the  most  attractive.  It  is  also  fairly 
reliable  and  a  good  seeder,  a  rather  important 
matter,  since  an  even  brighter-coloured  form  than 
the  original  might  presently  residt.  And  in  any 
case  seedling  raising  of  these  Irises  is  most  interest- 
ing work,  since  all  are  welcome  in  the  early  days 
of  the  year  if  not  exactly  agreeing  to  type.  The 
variable   and   gaily   marked   I.    Rosenbachiana   is 


THE    GARDEN.  57 

Revival    of    an    Old  -  Time    Flower 

New  Sweet  Williams  and  How  to  Grow  Them 


THESE  have  not  now  the  vogue  they 
so  long  enjoyed,  their  rather  formal 
character  and  lack  of  grace  having 
much  to  do  with  their  lessened 
popularity.  Yet  they  have  undoubted 
beauties,  and  their  employment  in  their  proper 
place  in  the  gardens  of  the  time  will  show  that 
they  have  some  claim  to  be  remembered  by  us 
when  we  are  ordering  the  seeds  or  plants  for 
our  gardens. 

They  are  very  old  flowers  indeed,  seeing  that 
they  were  conunon  in  the  time  of  Gerard  ;  and 
it  is  assumed  from  one  of  their  popular  names 
at  that  time  being  "  Loudon  Tuftes,"  as  well  as 
Sweet  William,  that  they  had  then  been  in  culti- 
vation for  many  years. 

In  later  times,  during  the  rage  for  formal 
flowers,  such  as  were  the  pets  of  the  "  florist," 
the  Sweet  William  was  much  sought  after  and 
was  exhibited  at  shows,  the  naturally  symmetrical 
form   of   the   flower  being  emphasised  by  careful 


so  that  the  plants  are  small  and  meagre-looking 
when  planted  out.  With  early  sowing  and  good 
treatment  they  will  afford  a  much  finer  display. 
Some  of  the  older  cultivators  of  the  Sweet  William 
sowed  the  seeds  in  .'\pril,  but  May  will  do  quite 
well,  although  the  earlier  in  the  month  the  better. 
When  the  sowing  is  delayed  until  June  large 
plants  are  not  secured.  The  seeds  ought  to' be 
sown  very  thinly  in  the  open  and  in  shallow 
drills  in  a  reserve  plot,  using  light  and  rather 
sandy  soil  with  some  good  old  manure  incorporated. 
When  the  seedlings  can  be  handled  they  should 
be  thirmed  or  pricked  out.  I  prefer  pricking-out, 
and  place  the  seedlings  about  z\  inches  apart. 
After  they  have  become  established,  which  will 
be  in  a  week  or  so,  the  tops  may  be  pinched  to 
make  them  more  bushy.  This  will  be  found  a 
great  improvement,  imless  very  large  individual 
trusses  are  required.  About  Jime  the  plants 
are  moved  to  a  well  manured  and  deeply  dug 
reserve   bed,   where   they   are  set   about   9   inches 


IRIS     SINDJARENSIS.       FLOWERS     LAVENDER     AND     PURPLE. 


IRIS     VARTANI     ONE     OF     THE     EARLIEST     TO     OPEN. 


a  case  in  point :  hardly  two  seedlings  alike 
coloured,  and  yet  probably  fuller  of  interest 
because  of  it.  Reddish  and  blue  purple  shades, 
white  and  light  violet,  or  others  streaked  with 
lilac  and  having  rich  crimson  or  maroon  coloured 
blades  to  the  falls  are  among  the  colours  that 
appear  and,  being  easily  raised  and  flowering  in 
a  couple  or  so  of  years,  render  this  phase  of  their 
cultivation  well  worth  while.  The  whole  of  the 
Irises  named  succeed  in  light  sandy  loam  with 
perfect  drainage.  E.  H.  Jenkins. 


Preserving  Poinsettia  Bloom. — Often  when 
the  blooms  of  this  valuable  decorative  plant  are 
cut  they  are  found  to  quickly  fade.  They  may 
be  preserved  for  some  time  if.  immediately  after 
they  are  cut,  about  an  inch  of  the  stem  is  immersed 
in  boiling  water  for  about  two  minutes  This 
does  not  prevent  absorption  of  the  water  by  the 
stems,  and  the  leaves  as  well  as  the  bracts  remain 
fresh.  Burning  the  ends  with  a  hot  iron  is  some- 
times adopted,  but  while  this  prevents  the  bleeding 
it  also  checks  absorption  of  water,  consequently, 
while  the  bracts  remain  fresh,  the  leaves  droop 
quickly. 


selection  of  seedlings  and  their  propagation.  It 
is  still  common  in  country  shows  to  see  prizes 
offered  for  trusses  of  the  Sweet  William,  though  its 
cultivation  is  much  reduced  nowadays. 

In  former  times  the  taste  of  the  florist  lay 
largely  in  what  are  called  the  "  Auricula-eyed 
varieties,"  which  had  a  white  eye  and  white 
centre  with  a  crimson  ring.  Smooth  edges  were 
also  a  wie  qua  iwn,  and  the  finest  forms  were 
maintained  by  layers  and  cuttings,  as  seedlings 
did  not  come  true  to  their  parents.  These 
methods  of  propagating  the  Sweet  William  by 
layers  and  cuttings  have  largely  fallen  into 
desuetude  with  the  reduction  in  the  favour  shown 
to  the  flower,  and  they  are  seldom  followed  except 
with  a  few  special  varieties,  such  as  the  old  double 
dark  Sweet  William,  which  passes  under  several 
names  and  which  is  a  very  beautiful,  dark  crimson, 
dwarf  flower  of  great  beauty  in  the  border.  Sweet 
Williams  are,  however,  excellent  things  for  filling 
beds  for  early  bloom  in  summer,  and  also  for 
planting  in  formal  lines  in  association  with  other 
plants.  Here  they  produce  a  very  fine  effect, 
and  the  writer  once  had  a  display  which  earned 
much  admiration  by  planting  lines  of  Sweet 
Williams,  with  Canterbury  Bells  at  the  rear. 
Sweet    Williams    are    frequently    sown   too  late. 


apart.  The  soil  is  made  firm  about  them,  and 
they  remain  there  until  about  the  end  of  September, 
when  they  should  be  in  their  flowering  quarters, 
although  some  leave  them  in  these  reserve  beds 
until  after  the  spring  bedding  plants  have  been 
removed.  Autumnal-moved  plants,  however,  give 
the  finest  trusses. 

The  flowering  quarters  should  be  in  a  sunny 
position  ;  and  they  like  a  rich,  but  sandy  soil. 
Plenty  of  old  manure  in  this,  with  waterings 
during  the  growing  season  in  dry  weather,  will 
give  results  but  seldom  obtained  with  Sweet 
Williams  as  grown  in  the  ordinary  way.  The 
finest  plants  may  be  increased  by  layering  some  of 
the  side  shoots,  or  by  striking  them  under  bell 
glasses  or  handlights,  like  the  cuttings  or  pipings 
of  Pinks. 

We  have  now  a  great  variety  of  strains  of  the 
Sweet  William.  Some  of  the  newer  forms  are 
lovely  things  and  bid  fair  to  reinstate  the  Sweet 
William  in  at  least  a  portion  of  its  early  popularity. 
Some  of  these  come  wonderfully  true  from  seeds. 
Among  these  new  ones  are  Pink  Beauty,  ranging 
from  rich  salmon  red  to  a  soft  pink  ;  Rose  Queen, 
with  double  rose  flowers ;  Scarlet  Beauty,  with 
bright  scarlet  blocms  ;  and  nigricans,  with  dark 
purple  leaves   and  stems,   and   dark   red   flowers 


58 


THE     GARDEN 


[January  29,  1921. 


Double  strains,  giving  a  very  large  proportion  of 
double  flowers  of  a  most  varied  range  of  colours  ; 
Aurirula-flowered  varieties,  many  of  great  beauty  ; 
and  large-flowered  forms  can  also  be  had  from 
seeds  at  a  cheap  rate. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  which  are  biennials, 
there  is  what  is  called  the  annual  variety,  which, 
if  sown  early,  will  bloom  the  same  year.  This  is 
called  Dianthus  barbatus  annuus.  Seed  ought 
to  be  sown  under  glass  early  and  treated  like 
an  half-hardy  annual. 

These  old-fashioned  flowers,  stiff  though  they 
are,  deserve  a  better  fate  than  the  neglect 
which  they  receive  from  so  many  gardeners. 

Hardy  Piantsman. 
In  the  keen  interest  which  continues  to  be  shown 
in   the   revival  of   old   English   garden  flowers,  no 
plant  has  come  in  for  a  larger  share  of  attention 
than    the    Sweet    William.     It  used  to  be 
thought    much    of   by   florists   fifty   years 
and   more    ago.   It    was  certainly,    in   our 
youth,    beloved   of    country   people,     who 
grew  plants  in  groups  under  their  windows 
that   they    might    have    the    fragrance    of 

"  Sweet  William  with  his  homely 
cottage  smell  and  Stocks  in  fragrant 
blow." 
And  a  deal  of  this  interest  is  not  to  be 
traced  to  the  superlative  sorts  of  the 
early  days ;  on  the  contrary,  we  must 
look  in  other  directions  for  the  impetus 
given  to  its  culture.  Often  the  advent 
of  a  new  strain  of  some  old  plant  has  im- 
mediately caused  attention  to  be  focussed 
on  it  by  those  who  knew  but  little  of  it 
from  personal  experience.  The  Sweet 
William  is  an  example.  I  venture  to  say 
that  the  introduction  of  Sutton's  Pink 
Beauty  did  more,  perhaps,  than  anything 
else  to  enhance  the  value  of  an  old  time 
biennial.  It  is  a  colour  so  delightful — a 
salmon  pink — as  to  compel  admiration, 
and  its  intensity  is  only  excelled  by 
Sutton's  Scarlet,  which  must  be  grott-n  in 
one's  own  garden,  to  see  it  in  varying 
light,  to  fully  appreciate  it. 

W.  LiNDERS  Lea. 


STRAY  JOTTINGS   ON  SWEET    PEAS 

Sowing  and  Growing,  and  the  Selection  of  a  very 

Swell  Dozen 

By    the    rev.    JOSEPH    JACOB. 


Geum  Mrs.   Bradshaw 

At    the    time    of     writing     (mid- January) 
I     have     a     nice    batch     of     Geum     Mrs. 
Bradshaw   in    full    bloom,     and    it     is    a 
glorious   sight.       I    think    at    this    season 
of    the    year    the    colour    is    much    more 
appreciated     than     during     the     summer, 
for    it    is  a    colour    that    is    very    scarce 
during    the    dull    days    of    winter.      The 
•seed    must   be   sown   during   March   in    a 
gentle     heat,     and     when     the     seedlings 
are    large    enough,     pricked     into     boxes 
and  grown  on  in   a  slightly  heated  pit  or  green- 
house until  the   end    of    May,    when    they    may 
te  hardened   off   previous   to    being   planted    out 
in    the    garden,    where    they    can    grow    during 
the    summer,    giving    them    the    same    treatment 
as    that    given    to    Violets.     During    September 
they  should  be  lifted   and  potted  into  6-inch   or 
7-iach  pots.     I  find  this  size  of  pot  large  enough, 
and  when  they  get  full  of  roots  weak  soot-water 
may  be  given  twice  a  week.     It  is  wonderful  the 
amount   of   water   these   plants   need   during   the 
dull  days.     A  suitable  place  for  them  is  in   the 
Carnation-house    or    a    cool     greenhouse,     where 
they    will    throw    up    a    wealth    of    bloom,     the 
scarlet     spikes    being     very     much      appreciated 
for   table  decoration  when    other   flowers    are    so 
■scarce.  G.  S.  London. 


Looking  Bark. — "  A  short  life  and  a  merry  one" 
would  appear  to  be  the  motto  of  the  modem 
Sweet  Pea.  It  may  be  said  to  have  started  on 
its  victorious  career  about  the  year  of  the  first 
Jubilee  of  Queen  Victoria.  At  that  time  old 
Henrj'  Eckford  was  getting  into  his  stride 
preparatory  to  his  drawing  out  from  his  fellow 
competitors  and  having  things  all  his  own  way 
for  a  good  many  years,  until,  in  fact,  the  Sweet 
Pea  world  was  startled  in  1901  by  the  appearance 


HI 


SWEET      PEA     ROYAL     PURPLE. 
.4    strong  bold  variety  of  striking  colour. 

of  a  strange  and  hitherto  unheard  of  and  undreamed 
of  variety  with  waved  standards,  exhibited  by 
Silas  Cole,  the  head- gardener  at  Althorp  Park, 
near  Northampton.  It  was  an  epoch-making 
variety,  for  from  that  date  these  waved,  or,  as  they 
soon  began  to  be  called,  these  Spencer  forms, 
waxed,  and  the  older  smooth  standards  or  grandi- 
floras  waned,  and  are  now  only  mentioned  in  a  sort 
of  pitying  way  in  case  there  may  stUl  remain  a  few 
old  fogies  or  curious  cranks  who  will  stick  to  them. 
When  all  has  been  said,  it  is  certain  that  no  Pea 
has  ever  been  in  the  same  boat  for  sweet  scent 
as  Aldersey's  French  grey  Mother-o'-Pearl,  nor 
have  I  ever  yet  seen  such  rich  substance  and 
texture  in  any  of  the  many  wonderful  novelties 
of  the  last  fifteen  years  as  we  have  in  the  peerless 
Dorothy   Eckford ;      and   even   now    Lady   Grisel 


Hamilton  and  Bolton's  Pink  are  not  the  miserable 
Cinderellas  which  those  who  cultivate  only  their 
more  lordly  sisters  seemingly  take  them  to  be, 
for  actions  speak  louder  than  words. 

I  compare  in  my  own  mind  the  coming  of  the 
Spencer  Peas  with  that  of  the  Darwins  in  the  Tulip 
and  the  ramblers  in  the  Rose  world.  The  event 
made  all  the  difference  to  the  flower.  It  forged 
ahead.  A  National  Sweet  Pea  Society  came  into 
being.  Raisers  iiuiumerable  appeared — -here,  there 
and  ever^Tvhere — to  supply  what  an  eager 
public  insistently  demanded — new  colours  ; 
larger  and  still  larger  flowers  and  more  of 
them  on  a  stem  ;  and  a  bloom  with  but 
little  more  than  a  suspicion  of  the  fashioned 
flower  about  it.  Hence  it  comes  about 
that  in  1021  the  choice  is  a  very  wide  one. 
."Vn  up-to-date  list  contains  anything 
between  fifty  and  a  hundred  names,  which 
presumably  stand  for  distinct  varieties, 
but  in  some  cases  the  difference  comes 
perilously  near  that  of  Tweedledum  and 
Tweedledee,  or  six  to  one  and  half  a 
dozen  to  the  other. 

What  to  Buy.— Yet  if  we  are  to  have 
Sweet  Peas  at  aU  we  must  buy  some- 
thing — -yes,  but  which  ?  Not  long  since 
Mr.  Norman  Lambert  gave  a  very  good 
hst.  He  included  in  the  sea  from  which 
he  pulled  out  his  twelve  or  thirteen  fish  all 
the  latest  varieties  out,  and  anyone  who 
wishes  to  grow  a  very  swell  dozen  would 
do  well  to  follow  it  (see  page  6).  I  am 
going  to  pull  the  veil  aside  and  state 
what  I  have  bought  myself.  New  ones : 
Hawlmark  Pink,  Gladys  (if  this  is  not  to 
my  liking  let  Mr.  Lambert  prepare  pistols 
for  two  and  coffee  for  one  !),  Picture  and 
Majestic  Cream.  Older  varieties :  Dora, 
Mrs.  Tom  Jones,  Royal  Purple  and  Nora 
Unwin  (to  me  from  a  cutting  point  of 
view,  the  best  by  far  of  the  whites,  if  not 
the  best  of  all  Peas  for  the  purpose  because 
of  its  delightful  perfume.  When  July  and 
August  come  round  methinks  sometimes  I 
would  like  to  be  a  housemaid  to  get  the 
first  whiff  of  Nora  when  the  room  is 
opened  in  a  morning).  What  I  must  buy 
if  I  can:  Conunander  Godsal  (the  best  of 
the  so-called  dark  blues)  and  Valentine. 
May  I  say.  before  I  leave  the  selection  of 
varieties,  that  the  National  Sweet  Pea 
Society  issues  a  "  Classification  of  Sweet 
Peas"  with  the  best  in  each  colour  class 
marked,  and  here  and  there  one  picked  out 
as  being  of  special  value  for  growing  under  glass. 
How  many  of  these  classes  are  there  ?  Thirty-eight ! 
1 1  takes  one's  breath  away,  but  it  shows  the  develop- 
ment of  the  Sweet  Pea.     Are  you  a  member  ? 

Sowing  and  Growing. — As  I  have  plenty  of 
accommodation  in  cold  frames  and  plenty  of 
3-inch  pots  and,  furthermore,  because  I  never  grow- 
more  than  a  couple  of  rows,  each  about  iS  yards 
long,  I  invariably  sow  in  small  pots  and  plant  out 
towards  the  end  of  April  or  in  early  May  when  the 
weather  conditions  are  favourable.  The  EoU  in 
the  rows  will  ha\'e  already  been  prepared  by  trench- 
ing to  the  depth  of  18  inches  or  2  feet  and  putting 
some  good  farmyard  manure  at  the  bottom. 
If  my  soil  was  light  I  would,  perhaps,  go  still 
deeper  and  put  more  good  toothsome  manure  in 
the  trench,  but  being  on  the  stiff  side  I  find  there 


January  29,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


59 


is  no  good  overdoing  the  depth — in  fact,  last  year, 
owing  to  pressure  of  work  the  line  was  just  double 
dug  and  a  quite  small  amount  of  farmyard  manure 
put  in   the   bottom.     The   result  was   very  satis- 


SWEET  PEA  HAWLMARK    LAVENDER. 
-•1    great  favourite. 

factory  from  a  house  and  garden  stand- 
point. Exhibiting  is  another  matter  and 
exhibitors  can  take  care  of   themselves 

Of  late  years  chipping  the  seeds  of 
certain  varieties  has  been  advocated. 
Personally,  from  all  I  hear  it  is  a 
practice  that  has  been  overdone.  We 
never  chip,  but  if  there  is  any  reason  to 
suspect  an  extra  hard  skin,  we  soak  the 
seeds  for  twenty-four  hours  before 
sowing.  If  "  rices"  are  scarce,  and  it 
seems  more  difficult  every  season  to  get 
nice  twiggy  sticks,  I  can  recommend 
Simplicitas  netting.  It  does  its  work  well 
and  lasts  for  some  years. 

As  Cut  Flowers.— We  are  apt  to 
forget  that  Sweet  Pea  plants  lend 
themselves  for  cutting  in  two  ways. 
First,  they  give,  or  we  try  to  make 
them  give,  us  three,  four  or  five  blooms 
on  good  long  stems  which  we  cut  and  put 
in  vases,  if  possible  with  some  of  their 
own  foliage,  and,  secondly,  there  are 
those  Uttle  side  branches  with  the  blooms 
on  short  stems  and  which  must  be  cut 
— blooms,  stems,  foliage  and  all.  These 
give  extremely  pleasing  results  in  low 
wide-mouthed  vases,  and  are  in  every 
way  as  decorative  in  themselves  as  the  taller 
and  narrower  jeceptacles  filled  with  the  orthodox 
blooms  on  their  stilt-like  stems. 

Next  to  the  Sweet  Peas  own  foliage  I  would 
suggest  grass  as  their  accompaniment  in  vases. 
All  who  live  in  the  country  can  get  what  they 
require  from  the  hedgerows      Those  who  are  not  so 


fortunately  placed  might  buy  a  packet  or  two 
of  suitable  annual  grasses.  The  following  might  be 
tried  (i)  .Agrostis  nebulosa,  (2)  Fragrostis 
elesans,  and  (3)  Tricholma  rosea. 

"I  Give  a  Miss."— In  my  Sweet  Pea  ordf-r 
it  will  be  noticed  that  reds,  oranges,  salmons, 
maroons  and  stripes  do  not  appear.  This  is  partly 
because  I  do  not  shade,  and  without  it  salmon 
and  orange  toned  varieties  so  soon  bum  and  go 
unsightly ;  and  partly  because  reds  and  crimsons 
do  not  very  much  appeal  to  me  in  Sweet  Peas. 
We  all  of  us  have  our  own  fancies.  Because  I 
have  not  included  Sunproof  Crimson,  Alexander 
Malcolm,  John  Ingman.  Hawlmark  Scarlet  or 
any  other  similarlv  coloured  varieties  it  must  not 


be  thought  that  they  are  in  my  opinion  no  good 
it  only  means  that,  personally,  I  do  not  care  about 
them.     As  to  shading,  Tangerine  nearly  makes  me 
try  it. 

An  Old  Reference.— Can  Mr.  S.  B.  Dicks  out 
of  his  great  store  of  Sweet  Pea  history*  tell  us  if 
it  was  the  custom  about  177.S  to  grow  Sweet  Peas 
against  walls  or  fences  and  not  as  we  usually  grow 
them  in  rows  or  in  clumps  ?  I  ask  because  I 
casually  came  across  a  reference  in  Ellis's 
"Gardener's  Pocket  Calendar"  (1776)  that 
suggests  that  it  was  so.  By  the  way,  how  long 
those  three  varieties,  the  purple  flowered,  the 
white  flowered  and  the  Painted  Lady  were  the  only 
varieties  grown  ' 


"JANUARY"     SWEET     PEAS 


By    "SOMERS." 


JUNE  Sweet  Peas  are  fine,  but  January 
Sweet  Peas  are  finer,  which  shows  the 
pull  that  fancy  has  over  fact.  I  was  hoping 
to  have  a  rest  from  Sweet  Peas  this  present 
year — had  decided,  in  short,  to  give  them 
the  go-by  for  a  season  and  to  hold,  as  it  were,  a 
Sweet  Pea  truce,  levying  contributions  from  the 
gardens  of  my  neighbours  if  need  of  the  flower 
became  iniperati\'e.     .■\nd  so  I  let  October  go  by. 


■  Flesh 


SWEET     PEA     PICTURE. 
pink  with  rosy  flush,  suffused  and  shaded  creamy  apricot. 


the  month  in  which  I  had  invariably  sown  my 
Sweet  Peas  when  I  did  sow.  But  it  was  of  no  use. 
Hardly  had  I  got  well  into  December  when  the 
lure  of  the  Pea  began  to  work  its  witchery — a 
blind  Sweet  Pea  impulse  apparently,  much,  I 
suppose,  like  the  unreasoning  instinct  that  moves 
the  reindeer,   the  swallow  and  other  members  of 


what  we  call  the  Lower  Creation  to  certain  things 
at  certain  times.  Anyhow,  not  to  trouble  about 
the  psychology  of  the  matter,  I  have  been  much 
occupied  this  mouth  with  the  Sweet  Pea,  in  hopes 
of  retrieving  my  lost  October,  and  that  is  what 
has  led  me  to  the  discovery  that  January  Sweet 
Peas  are,  on  the  whole,  so  satisfactory  compared 
with  those  of  summer  and  autumn ;  though  I 
have  no  wish  to  belittle  those  undeniably 
lovely  summer  blossoms  —  quite  the 
contrary. 

Stijl,  there  is  no  use  denying  that 
sunmier  Sweet  Peas  have  their  faults. 
Who  is  there  can  lay  his  hand  on  his 
conscience  and  say  that  his  summer 
flowers  have  not  suffered  from  rogues, 
from  streak,  from  shortness  of  stalk,  from 
the  inevitable  reversion  of  "  fours  "  to 
"  threes  "  and  thence  to  "  twos,"  from 
too  forward  and  obtrusive  seed-pods, 
from  deficiency  or  over-intensity  of 
colour,  from  a  dozen  plaguy  vices 
inherent  in  the  original  constitution  of 
the  Sweet  Pea  ?  I  do  not  insist  as 
stroirgly  as  I  might  on  the  miseries  that 
for  months  precede  and  attend  the  grand 
Sweet  Pea  efflorescence  of  July  and 
August — the  metictilous  preparation  of 
soil,  the  search  for  non-existent  pots  and 
boxes,  the  sowing  of  the  seeds,  pea  by 
pea,  the  uncertain  germination,  the  mice, 
the  slugs,  the  aphis,  the  twigging  of 
the  seedlings  (most  irksome  of  tasks), 
the  digging,  manuring,  staking,  training, 
the  gathering  of  the  multitudinous  blos- 
soms day  by  day  and  almost  hour  by 
hour,  the  selecting  at  break  of  day  of 
blooms  for  exhibition,  the  staging  on  a 
ridiculously  inadequate  allotment  of 
space,  the  oven  heat  of  the  exhibition 
pavilion  and,  finally,  the  injustice  of  not 
receiving  the  gold  medals  w-hich  are  so 
palpably  one's  due.  If  July  Sweet  Peas 
are  lovely — and  I  do  not  say  they  are 
not — who  will  have  the  hardihood  to  say 
that  we  do  not  pay  the  price  ?  Assuredly 
we  do.  partly  in  heartache,  partly  in 
backache.  And  that  is  what  leads  me  to 
say  that  the  dream  Sweet  Peas  of  January 
have  their  points  as  against  the  disap- 
pointing actualities  of  July  and  .\ugust. 
What  lovely  colotus  they  have,  those  January 
Peas — colours  which  I  should  despair  even  of 
enumerating  were  it  not  for  the  help  of  specialist 
catalogues — cream  and  pink,  cerise  and  lavender, 
mauve,  purple,  scarlet,  crimson  and  old  rose, 
maroon,  orange,  salmon,  buff  and  navy,  electric 
and  Delphinium  blue — these   and  all  conceivable 


60 


THE    GARDEN. 


[January  29,  1921. 


combinations  of  these — flushings,  edgings,  streak- 
ings,  overspreadings,  splashings,  marblings,  blend- 
ings,  suffusings  of  each  colour  with  one  or  several 
of  the  others.  If  I  may  speak  out  of  my  own 
experience,  my  most  signal  January  triumph 
has  been  a  Sweet  Pea  which  I  have  not  actually 
seen  "  in  the  flesh,"  that  is,  not  in  its  material 
summer  form,  but  only  in  the  apocalypse  of  the 
glowing  coals — I  mean  "  Picture."  My  vocabu- 
lary, though  sufficient  for  ordinary  homely  purposes, 
is  quite  inadequate  to  dealing  with  the  splendour 
of  Picture,  and,  therefore,  to  save  further  pains, 
I  cite  the  raiser's  description  :  "  flesh  pink  with 
a  rosy  flush,  the  whole  being  fascinatingly  suffused 
and  shaded  creamy  apricot."  Another  January 
Pea  which  I  much  admire  has  "  the  standard  r'ch 
purple,  and  the  wings  electric  blue,  with  a 
clearly  defined  edging  of  a  paler  shade  "  ;  while 
yet  another  is  "  best  described  as  a  cerise-toned 
orange-scarlet."  So  much  for  colour ;  but 
January  flowers  have  the  advantage  also  in 
luxuriance  of  growth,  trimness  of  habit,  and 
facility  of  training.  For  do  but  note  how  healthy 
and  robust  the  straw  and  foliage,  and  how  admirably 
they  dispose  themselves  round  stakes  which,  to 
the  best  of  my  belief,  are  still  growing  in  the 
hedgerows.  Mark  also  how  they  display  their 
trusses  to  the  best  advantage,  an  example  which  I 
can  never  persuade  my  summer  flowers  to  follow. 
Other  notable  peculiarities  of  the  January  Pea 
are  the  universally  long  stalks  and  the  number 
of  blossoms  to  a  spray,  which  is  invariably  four  ; 
though  I  am  not  sure  that  three,  the  number  of 
the  Graces,  is  not  the  ideal  for  the  Sweet  Pea. 
Anyhow,  a  foursome  spray  is  enough  for  me,  and 
my  January  Peas,  therefore,  on  principle,  never 
exceed  this  number. 

But  was  there  ever  ointment  yet  without 
its  fly  ?  I  can  sit  before  the  fire  and  in  the 
glowing  embers,  grow  Sweet  Peas  to  a  marvel. 
But  I  cannot  give  them  away  ;  I  cannot  share 
them  with  Church,  school,  hospital  or  friend. 
This  is  a  drawback  and  a  pity.  Also  I  greatly 
fear  that  the  perfume  of  the  dream  Sweet  Pea 
is  less  powerful  than  that  of  the  material  summer 
flower.  But  what  of  that  ?  You  cannot  have 
everything.  Besides,  as  the  Latin  proverb  says  : 
"  De  odoribus  non  est  disputandum  "  ;  and,  to 
be  quite  frank,  though  somewhat  of  a  Sybarite 
in  perfumes,  I  am  not  excessively  partial  to  the 
odour  of  the  Sweet  Pea.  It  is  sweet,  of  course, 
but  it  has  in  it,  I  always  think,  a  suggestion  of 
decay,  as  of  flowers  that  are  past  their  best.  At 
any  rate,  I  do  not  miss  it  much  in  my  January 
flowers,  for  the  air  at  present  is  filled  with  the 
perfume  of  the  Fragrant  Winter  Blossom  (Chimon- 
anthus  fragrans),  not  a  bad  substitute  for  the 
fragrance  of  the  Sweet  Pea. 

While  I  was  occupied  with  my  winter  Sweet 
Peas,  to  the  exclusion  of  less  important  matters, 
there  came,  as  a  welcome  help  and  stimulus, 
Mr.  Norman  Lambert's  admirable  article  in  The 
Garden  of  January  i,  his  "  Selection  of  Sweet 
Peas  for  1921."  Some  of  the  Peas  on  his  list  I  am 
not  acquainted  with,  but  I  intend  to  grow  them  all, 
if  possible,  this  year.  As  regards  those  of  his 
dozen  which  I  do  happen  to  know,  I  mostly  agree 
with  what  Mr.  Lambert  says.  I  know  no  white 
equal  to  Constance  Hinton,  which  has  never 
"  pinked  "  with  me  as  far  as  I  remember  ;  and 
Warrior,  is,  I  think,  the  best  bronze,  though  I 
observe  there  are  several  new  bronzes  in  the  field. 
As  for  Royal  Purple,  strong  and  bold  as  it  is,  I 
would  not  place  it  in  the  first  fifty,  much  less  in 
the  first  half  dozen.  The  colour  is  too  flagrant. 
Amateurs  will  find  it  interesting  and  instructive 
to  compare  Mr.  Lambert's  article  of  this  year 
with  his  selection  article  in  The  Garden  of 
February  21,  1920.  His  additions,  eliminations 
and  substitutions  are  all  suggestive. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Summer  Bedding  Arrangements. — The  best 
time  to  plan  schemes,  w'hether  of  colour,  foliage 
or  both,  is  during  the  summer  months,  when  the 
colour  and  distinctive  habit  of  each  plant  may  be 
accurately  noted.  However,  this  is  not  always 
possible  and  must  oft-times  be  arranged  without 
the  aid  of  the  above.  Annuals  rightly  enter  largely 
into  the  majority  of  colour  schemes,  but  it  is  a 
mistake  to  allow  new  varieties  to  form  part  of 
such  schemes  ;  the  reserve  border  is  the  place  for 
trial  plants  so  that  colour  and  habit  may  be 
correctly  judged.  Among  annuals  of  note,  useful 
in  herbaceous  borders  or  beds  by  themselves,  are 
Asters,  Clarkias,  Godetias,  Larkspurs  and  Stocks, 
and  although  not  strictly  an  annual,  the  Antir- 
rhinum is  probably  unequalled  for  brilliant  massed 
effects.  It  is,  1  think,  generally  admitted  that  a 
few  well  defined  colours  give  a  much  more  pleasing 
effect  than  a  medley  of  tones. 

The  Shrubberv  and  Climbers. — The  forking 
over  of  the  former  and  burying  the  half-decayed 
leaves  will  add  to  the  appearance  and  greatly 
benefit  the  plants.  Attend  to  climbers  by  removing 
weak  and  useless  wood  and  covering  bare  spaces 
with  good  wood.  In  favoured  locaUties  so  many 
beautiful  plants  can  be  grown  on  walls  ;  among  other 
plants  which  were  quite  a  feature  on  the  walls  at 
Penrhyn  Castle  was  Lapageria  rosea,  and  while 
serving  there  as  a  junior  under  Mr.  Speed  I  remember 
flowers  opening  at  Christmas  time. 

Seed  Sowing. — This  requires  constant  attention. 
Antirrhinums,  fibrous  Begonias  and  foliage  plants 
raised  thus  must  be  sown  early  to  get  a  full  season's 
enjoyment  from  them. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Leeks. — For  early  work  and  for  exhibition,  sow 
seed  as  advised  for  Onions  in  earlier  issue  ( page  35). 

SunrootS. — This  plant,  the  Jerusalem  Arti- 
choke, has  great  food  value  and  is  well  worth 
growing.  Planting  may  be  done  now  when  the 
ground  is  workable.  Choose  medium  sets  and  plant 
in  rows  3  feet  apart  with  i  foot  between  the  sets. 

Shallots  require  to  be  planted  in  good  time 
and  the  sooner  this  operation  is  done  the  better. 
Place  the  rows  15  inches  apart  and  sets  about 
10  inches  from  each  other.  It  is  an  advantage  in 
very  light  soils  to  plant  in  shallow  drills. 

Seeds. — A  small  sowing  may  be  made  of  Brussels 
Sprouts  for  early  work  ;  this  vegetable  belongs 
to  the  nitrogenous  or  flesh- forming  class  of  foods 
and  is  very  sustaining,  so  should  form  one  of  our 
chief  winter  vegetables.  A  pinch  of  a  quickly 
maturing  Cabbage  should  be  sown  to  help  up 
kitchen  suppUes. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Raspberries. — The  newly-planted  canes  may 
be  cut  down  to  within  6  inches  or  8  inches  of  the 
ground,  also  the  canes  of  estabUshed  plantations  of 
autumn  fruiters.  Points  of  canes  of  summer 
varieties  may  now  be   tipped. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Winter  Begonias. — The  earlier  flowering  plants 
having  been  slightly  cut  back  and  allowed  a  little 
rest,  will  now  yield  a  good  supply  of  cuttings  if 
placed  in  warmth  and  sprayed  occasionally  with 
tepid  water. 

Cinerarias. — The  latest  batch  of  these  which 
have  been  kept  back  in  cold  quarters  should  now 
receive  their  final  potting.  A  suitable  compost  is 
two-thirds  fibrous  loam  and  one-third  leaf-soil, 
with  a  little  sand  added. 

Fruits  Under  Glass. 

Muscat  Vinery. — For  general  purposes  early 
February  is  a  suitable  time  to  start  these  vines, 
and  although  a  high  temperature  is  not  necessary 
at  the  commencement.  Muscats  certainly  respond 
to  a  warmer  one  than  most  Grapes.  A  beginning 
temperature  of  from  52''  to  ."Jb"  at  night  and  rising 
to  60°  by  the  time  the  buds  burst,  will  suit 
quite  well,  and  then  gradually  rise  to  68°  to  70°  by 
flowering  period.  An  addition  10°  to  15°  can  always 
be  allowed  for  daytime  according  to  weather. 

Fruit  Room.— Give  a  weekly  look  over  if 
possible  and  remove  those  fruits  showing  signs 
of  decay,  and  if  culinary  fruits  they  may  be  drawn 
upon  for  immediate  kitchen  requirements. 
H.  Turner. 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland.) 
.    Albury  Park  Gardens,  Guildjord. 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Bread  Beans. — .\  sowing  may  now  be  made  on  a 
warm  border  for  early  use.  Beck's  Dwarf  Green 
Gem  being  an  excellent  variety  for  this  work. 

Forcing  French  Beans. — Better  results  are 
attained  now  by  a  sowi  ig  of  these  than  at  an 
earlier  date,  longer  daylight  and  an  inclination 
towards  natural  growth  being  more  apparent.  For 
this  early  work  the  most  convenient  method  is  to 
sow  in  8-inch  or  g-inch  pots  in  a  mixture  of  turfy 
loam  and  leaf  mould.  Place  along  the  ledge  of  the 
Melon  pit  or  other  warm  house ;  see  that  the 
atmosphere  is  not  too  dry  as  the  plants  are  liable 
to  attacks  of  thrip  and  red  spider.  Osborn's 
Early  Dwarf  and  Everbearing  are  useful  varieties 
for  forcing. 

Seakale.— Continue  to  put  in  fortnightly  batches 
of  this  useful  subject,  as  fresh  vegetables  will  now 
be    getting    scarce. 

Early  Sowings  of  Cabbages.— To  make  good 
any  blanks  in  the  autumn  planted  lot  or  to  act 
as  a  succession,  seed  of  an  early  sort  may  be  sown 
in  boxes  for  pricking  into  frames.  We  find  Flower 
of  Spring  and  Harbinger  suitable  sorts. 

Radishes.— These  should  also  be  sown  freely 
in  frames  now  ;  those  who  favour  the  long  kinds 
should  try  Sutton's  Earliest  Frame  or  Long  White, 
while  among  the  turnip-shaped,  Earliest  of  All 
and  White  Forcing  prove  most  reliable. 

Mint.— It  is  advisable  at  this  time  to  lift  roots 
of  this  herb  and  plant  them  in  boxes  for  gentle 
forcing.  Place  them  on  the  floor  of  an  early 
vinery  and  the  young  growths  will  soon  be  ready 
for  use. 

Fruits  Under  Glass. 

Melons.— In  establishments  where  there  are 
well  heated  structures,  an  effort  should  be  made 
to  have  a  crop  of  ]\lelons  as  early  in  the  season  as 
possible,  and  some  growers  will  have  risked  a 
sowing  before  now,  but  everyone  is  not  so  happily 
placed  in  regard  to  suitable  houses  so  must  delay 
until  they  have  the  additional  advantage  of  sun 
heat.  Examine  the  soil  carefully  and  get  rid  of 
such  pests  as  wireworms  and  eelworms  before 
the  plants  are  transferred  to  their  fruiting  quarters. 
The  first  crop  is  generally  grown  in  large  pots  ; 
these,  when  filled  with  good  fibrous  loam  and  a 
sprinkling  of  bone  meal  and  lime  rubble,  should 
be  stood  for  a  few  days  in  the  house  where  the 
plants  are  to  grow  so  that  the  chill  may  be  taken 
off  the  soil  before  the  young  plants  are  finally 
moved  into  them. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Fuchsias    and    Geraniiuns     for    Bedding.— 

Boxes  of  these  wintering  on  shelves  will  now  be 
pushing  out  fresh  growths,  so  should  be  potted  off 
singly  into  suitable  sized  pots.  After  root  action 
takes  place  again  they  ought  to  be  judiciously 
pinched  so  that  bushy  plants  may  be  formed. 

Clarkias.— We  have  been  in  the  habit  of  sowing 
a  pinch  of  seed  at  this  time  so  that  plants  may  be 
raised  for  flowering  in  pots  diunng  late  spring  and 
have  had  gratifying  results  therefrom,  occasionally 
having  much  finer  plants  than  the  autumn  sown 
lot. 

The    Flower     Garden. 

Roses. — PiUar  and  Clunbing  Roses  should  now 
be  pruned  and  the  strongest  growths  tied  in. 
Owing  to  our  variable  climate  it  is  well  to  leave 
the  more  delicate  sorts  until  the  middle  of  March, 
when  all  danger  from  very  severe  frosts  wiU  be 
past.  Should  further  planting  be  thought  of,  it 
ought  to  be  done  during  open  weather  before  the 
end  of  March. 

Other  Climbers  and  Wall  Plants,  such  as 
Buddleias,  Solanum  crispum,  Polygonum  bald- 
schuanicum  and  Ceanothus,  should  now  be  pruned 
and  tied  where  necessary.  It  is  inadvisable  in 
many  cases  to  tie  in  a  formal  manner.  Make  the 
leading  stems  firm,  but  always  aim  at  having 
hghtness  and  a  natural  appearance  of  growth. 

Premature  Flowering  of  Shrubs  and  Trees. — 
Owing  to  the  abnormally  mild  weather  in  our 
northern  district,  it  is  most  noticeable  the  numbers 
of  shrubs  and  trees  which  are  throwing  out  flowers 
and  catkins,  in  many  cases  months  before  their 
usual  period  of  flowering.  While  we  welcome  them 
we  also  pity  them,  knowing  the  damage  that  will 
take  place  after  a  period  of  frost. 

Iames  McGran. 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.) 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


January   2q,    1921.1 


THE     GARDEN. 


VII. 


11  V^  VV  is   the  time  to  plant 

MERRYNA/EATHER'S 

FRUIT  TREES 


BRAMLEY'S     SEEDLING. 


SPECIAL     ATTENTION     QIVEN 
TO      ALL       FRUIT      GROWERS. 

DON'T   FAIL   TO  PLANT 

Bramley's   Seedling 

The  Most  Satisfactory  Apple   Grown. 

The    Merryweather   Damson 

AN  EXCELLENT  CROPPER.      The  fruit  is  of  enormous 
size,  with  the  true  Damson  flavour. 

Currant  Southwell  Red 

It  flowirs  viry  late,  and  so  escapes  lat<>  frosts.     Lon™  bunches  of  bright 

shining  nd  berries  are  tonned,  the  individual  berries  being  very  large  and 

uniform  in  size.   When  gathered  it  has  a  very  fine  appearance  and  commands 

the  top  price  in  the  market. 

Price  1/-,  stronger  bushes  1/6  and  2/-  each. 

LET     US     HELP    YOU. 

Advice  and  quotations  free.    Send  for  Catalogue,  post  free 
on  application. 


H.  MERRYWEATHER  &  SONS,  Ltd.,  Southwell,  Notts. 


HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  .^t^cond  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid. — "  CouNTRY^LlFE,"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST    FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  mm,  by  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life  "  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock   Street,   Covent  Garden,   W.C.2. 


BENTLEY'S 
Concentrated  Alkali 

(WINTER    WASH) 

A  highly  effective  and  most  popular  Winter 
Wash  for  Fruit  and  Forest  Trees  of  every  kind. 

In  tins  sufficient  to  make  22  galls,  of  Wash. 

1   to  5  tins,  3/7  each.  8  tins,  3/5  each. 

12  tins,  3/3  each.  20    tins  3;  1    each. 

40  tins,  2/11   each. 

Carriage  paid  on  201-  orders  and  upwards. 


WEED   DESTROYERS 
DAISY  KILLER  (LAWN  SAND) 
INSECTICIDES        FUNGICIDES 
FUMIGANTS  FERTILIZERS 

Catalogue  on  Application. 


Sole  Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 

CHEMICAL    WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,  HULL. 


P^^l 


BU  LBS 


AND 


PLANTS 


For   Spring,   1921. 


All     of    the      Finest      Quality. 


The   Catalogue  of  above  will   be 

sent,    post    free,    on    application 

to  their  Offices   at 

Overveen,     Haarlem, 
HOLLAND. 


CHARLES  TURNER'S 

CATALOGUE     OF 

GARDEN  SEEDS  FOR  1921 

IS     NOW     READY, 
and  can  be  had  on  application. 


THE    ROYAL  NURSERIES, 


SLOUGH. 


FLOWER  SEEDS. 


The  Ipswich  Hardy  Plant  and 

Seed  Specialists,  with  a  reputation 
of  70  years  to  uphold,  offer  a  large  selec- 
tion of  Choice  Seeds,  including  the  Best 
Annuals  and  the  Seeds  of  many  Rare 
Plants  not  offered  elsewhere. 
VEGETABLE  SEEDS.     Specially  selected  stocks. 

SEED     POTATOES.       Guaranteed    Scotch    and     once 
grou'n,  at  low  prices. 

HARDY  PLANTS.     PieWar  quality  at  Pre- War  prices. 

FRUIT  TREES.     Large  fruiting,   5/-  each. 

CATALOGUES  on   application  to 

THOMPSON     &     MORGAN,    IPSWICH. 


Vlll 


THE     GARDEN. 


rjANUARY    20,    IQ21. 


Dahlias    from    Seed 

It  was  a  surprise  to  me  to  find  on  turning  over 
the  pages  of  James  Main's  "  ViUa  and  Cottage 
Florists'  Directory,"  published  in  18^; — -that  is, 
in  the  days  when  William  IV  was  king — that 
he  advocated  in  those  distant  years  the  annual 
raising  of  Dahlia  plants  from  seed.  This  is  what 
he  says  :  "  The  Dahlia  is  one  of  our  most  splendid 
autumnal  flowers.  There  seems  to  be  no  end  to 
varieties  obtainable  from  seed  and  their  culti- 
vation is  as  easy  as  it  is  generally  known.  The 
seed,  sown  early  in  spring,  will  flower  in  the  end 
of  summer."  Judging  froin  the  above,  not  much 
advance  has  been  made  in  this  direction  in  the 
last  eighty-five  years,  for  comparing  notes  with 
friends,  I  hardly  ever  come  across  any  who 
annually  raise  a  batch  of  seedlings  like  we  do 
here.  My  packet  of  Dahlia  seed  is  like  my  ounce 
of  Matthiola  bicornis — -one  of  the  permanent 
constituents  of  my  seed  order.  It  will  be 
"bad  times"  indeed  when  either  of  these  is 
left  out.  Joseph  Jacob. 


substance — and,  be  it  noted,  of  British  manu- 
facture— which  has  recently  been  put  on  the 
market  under  the  name  of  Spondite  is  absolutely 
water  white  and  as  clear  as  glass.  It  is,  moreover, 
practically  unbreakable,  being  constructed  of  a 
fine  wire  mesh,  coated  over  with  a  gelatinous 
substance  through  which  light  is  readily  trans- 
mitted. Spondite  is  to  a  high  degree  resistant 
to  frost,  and  also  to  sun  heat,  so  that  frames, 
propagating  pits,  cloches,  etc.,  covered  with  this 
material  maintain  the  even  temperature  so  essential 
to  the  successful  propagation  of  a  vast  range  of 
plants.  As  a  temporary  covering  for  late-flowering 
plants,  ripening  seeds,  and  for  autumn-sown 
seedlings  Spondite  is  calculated  to  be  a  boon  to 
both  professional  and  amateur  gardeners.  Its 
manufacturers  may  not  have  had  in  mind  the 
horticultural  possibilities  of  their  invention,  but 
these  are  so  manifold  and  important  that  we 
commend  the  new  substitute  for  glass  to  our 
readers  as  worthy  of  attention  and  trial. 


A  Substitute    for   Glass 

Time  and  again  efforts  have  been  made  to  provide 
horticulturists  with  a  substitute  for  glass.  The 
great  drawback  has  hitherto  been  defective 
transmission    of    daylight,    but    an    entirely    new 


British  Florists*  Federation. — This  association 

of  commcrci.il  florists  will  hold  its  annual  general 
meeting  at  the  Hotel  Cecil,  Strand,  W.C,  on 
Monday,  January  31,  at  3.30  p.m.  The  business 
meeting  will  be  followed  by  the  second  annual 
dinner  in  the  Richelieu  Room,  Hotel  Cecil,  at 
6.30  p.m. 


YORK  PAVING 


100  Tons  Crazy  (cheap),  100  yds.  random  rectangular 
York  Paving;  suitable  forgarden  paths  or  sunk  garden. 

Also     200    TONS    OF     ROCKERY     STONE. 


Apply 


Designs      by 
Arrangement 


A.    D.    THOMPSON,    F.R.H.S., 

Consulting  Horticulturist  and  Forestry  Expert,  etc. 
11,     ADAM     STREET,     ADELPHI,     W.C.  2. 


Tch-phonc  : 
Gcrranl  4501 


Sau>e 
SeaJcTuf 


m 


To  keep  your  trees  clean  and 
healthy  during  the  winter  ;  to 
ensure  healthy,  vigorous  growth 
and    good    crops    next    season, 

SPRAY  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 
■with 

COOPER  S 

"WITSTTER   FLUID 

Kills  mo.'s  and  lichen  ;  removes  loose 
rough  bark.  Non-poisonous.  Easy  to  use. 
Economical.      ::     Of  agents  everywhere. 

Sole  Manufacturers  : 
WM.  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS,  Ltd.,  Berkhamsted 


DOBBIE'S  CATALOGUE 


And  Guide  to  Gardening. 


-Spring  1921 


A    FREE    COPY 

\y7ll  be  sent  to  anyone  interested 
in  Gardenimi  who  makes  appli- 
cation and  ineniions  The  Garden 


Our  House   is   noted  for    HIGH- 
GRADE  VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER 
SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 
POTATOES,  and  PLANTS. 


IN    SWEET     PEAS    WE    ARE     PRE-EMINENT. 


DOBBIE  &  Co.  Ltd.  '^""Tm"  r  JJir'^ '• 

EDINBURGH. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


FLOWER     GARDEN. 

TULIP  BULBS  ATTACKED  (Tulip).— The  Tulips 
are  at T acked  by  the  disease  called  "  Arc,"  due  to  the  fungus 
Botrytis  parasitica,  but  so  far  as  we  can  judge  this  has 
been  the  result  of  an  exposure  to  low  temperature,  perhaps 
to  several  degrees  of  frost,  which  weakened  the  tissues 
and  laid  them  open  to  attack.  The  resting  bodies  of 
tliis  fungus  are  sometimes  present  on  the  bulbs,  but  we 
do  not  find  any  trace  of  them  in  this  case. 
'  CARNATION  QUERY  (W.  H.  B.,  Dorset.)— yVe  cannot 
pretend  to  name  the  variety  of  Carnation  our  correspon- 
dent "saw  some  years  ago"  from  the  description  given. 
In  all  probability  "our  correspondent  would  get  something 
approximating  thereto  by  purchasing  a  few  ot  the  yellow- 
ground  fancies  now  in  cultivation.  Choice  varieties 
of  this  set  would  include  Charles  Darwin,  Count  Cavour, 
Agape.  David  Abercrombie,  Linkman,  Father  O'FIynn, 
Lord  Steyne.  Lieutenant  Shackleton,  Pascal,  The  Skipper 
and  Siegfried.  The  only  fancy  that  we  recall  at  the 
moment  as  having  chocolate-coloured  markings  is  Mohawk 
and  which  is  also  very  distinct. 

FRAGRANT  SWEET  PEAS  (J.  W.  F.,  Bed*.).— We  agree 
with  our  correspondent  that  in  a  very  large  degree  the 
modern  Sweet  Pea  is  almost  devoid  of  fragrance,  though  in  a 
great  exhibition  of  the  flowers  one  appears  to  get  more 
than  a  suspicion  of  it,  come  from  where  it  will.  Certain 
it  is.  however,  that  not  a  few  firms  who  specialise  in  this 
popular  flower  make  no  mention  of  it,  hence,  no  wonder, 
the  writer  our  corrcsjiondent  mentions  thought  it  best  to 
be  silent  in  the  matter.  In  the  circumstances  our  corre- 
spondent will  be  interested  to  know  that  Messrs.  Sutton 
and  Sons,  Reading,  in  their  truly  remarkable  catalogue 
or  "Amateur's  Guide  in  Horticulture'*  for  1921  offer 
"scented"  varieties  in  practically  all  colours,  mixed  or 
in  separate  varieties  in  collections. 

PHACELIA  CAMPANULARIA  (T.  W.,  WanHck).— 
This  is  a  Californian  annual  for  which  soil  warmth  and  a 
sunny  position  are  essential.  With  those  absent,  should 
the  plant  be  also  handicapped  by  a  wet  season,  it  would 
hardly  be  possible  to  achieve  much  success  with  it.  Nor 
is  it  likely  to  do  much  good  in  pots.  If  a  raised  sunny 
border  is  available  and  well  drained  sandy  soil,  our 
correspondent  might  give  it  a  further  trial,  sowing  the 
seeds  thinly,  where  the  plants  are  intended  to  flower, 
not  earlier  than  mid-March.  To  a  rich  and  light  soil 
add  a  free  sprinkling  of  lime  well  in  advance  of  seed 
sowing.  Old  mortar  rubble  finely  crushed  might  be  used 
instead  of  lime. 


Successful  Candidates  to  the  Gardeners' 
Royal  Benevolent  Institution.— Sir  Henry  J. 
Veitch  presided  at  the  Annual  General  Meeting 
of  the  above  Institution  on  January  20,  when  the 
following  candidates,  given  in  the  order  of 
polling,  were  successful  at  the  election  :  Rebecca 
Prince,  4,831 ;  Frederick  Delve,  4,737 ;  Ann 
Elton.  4,392 ;  James  Matthews,  4,302 ;  Francis 
Martin,  4,185 ;  William  T.  Stephens,  3.838 ; 
William  H.  Castle.  3,795;  Sarah  A.  Williams, 
3,641 ;  William  J.  Abrahams,  3,570 ;  William 
Curtis,  3,540;  John  Short,  3,292;  Alfred  Wilson, 
3,170 ;  Charlotte  Newell,  3,039  ;  Ann  Roberts, 
2,968  ;  Ann  Kidley,  2,899  ;  Elizabeth  A.  Rhymes, 
2,771;  Nathaniel  J.  Hovell,  2,639;  and  John 
James  Drewett,  2,637.  Considering  the  admirable 
work  of  this  old-established  Institution  in  bestow- 
ing benefits  to  those  who,  in  their  misfortune, 
cannot  help  themselves,  it  is  worthy  of  the  most 
generous  support.  Of  the  47  candidates  to  this 
fund  the  Institution  is  this  year  only  able  to 
grant  permanent  relief  to  18  aged  and  distressed 
gardeners  or  their  necessitous  widows. 


NATIONAL  SWEET  PEA   SOCIETY 

2l8t   Exhibition    July   12    &    13   1921. 

£25  for  3  Bunches 

If  our  3  novelties   Gladys,  Giant    Attraction, 

Sensation  are  in  the  1st  Prize  Exhibit  Class  1 

100  Guinea  "  Daily  iVIail  "  Cup 

we  will  give  winner  £25.     If  only  1  bunch  £5, 

if  2  £15,  if  3  £25. 

Our    Novelties   can    be   obtained   from    most 

seedsmen,  12  seeds  1  /6  or  direct  : 

E.  W.  KING  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Sweet  Pea  Raisers, 

Coggeshali,     Essex. 

The    largest    English    Sweet    Pea     Growers. 


January   2q,    1921. 


THE     GARDEN 


(J        Send    a    Post    Card    for    a    copy 
of    GUI-     beautifully     Illustrated 


^^Ate*       and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 

if^^  Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 

and  other  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds.  No  keen 
Rinrdencr  should  be  without  this  most  interesting 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  cropping 
trial  of  about  3(1  ot  the  most  popular  varieties  of 
Potatoes.    Write  to-day  mentioning  this  paper. 

special  quotations  to  large  buyers,  also  to 
Allotment  Associations. 

THYNE  &  SON  ..~;;:„  DUNDEE 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    List. 


ISAAC  POAD  &.  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed   Potato   Merchants,  YORK. 


USE  CORRY'S  CELEBRATED  CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER    DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint.       Quart.      »-Gall.      1  Gall.         3  Gall.        S  Gall.    lOGall. 
each        23         39  6/.  11/.  25  6         40/.         76/. 

SOLD  BY     THE     TRADE     GENERALLY. 

Manufactured   by  CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd.,   London. 


Seasonable  Wants 


WILLIS     BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


NOT    A    SUBSTITUTE.    BUT    A 

REAL    MANURE 

for  digging  in  or  as  top  dressing. 
NO    STABLE    MANURE    REQUIRED. 

1   cwt.   17,6  ;    *  cwt.   10/-  ;  28  lb.  5/6     £16  10s.  per  ton 
Carriage  Paid. 


VINE    MANURE 

and  Vine  Border  Compound,  Coarse  or  Fine. 
30/-  per  cwt. :    16(-  h  cwt. 

RUSSIAN    MATS 

New,  just  arrived.     Size  about  7  ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in. 
Limited  supply,  42/-  per  doz.,  carriage  paid. 

WILLIS    BROS.' 
WINTER   WASH 

For  spraying  Fruit  Trees,  prepared  from  recipe  of 
celebrated  Canadian  Apple  Grower,  who  is  noted 
for  his  clean  fruit  and  orchards. 

10/6.per  gal.  ;    SO- 5  gals. 
Carriage  Paid.        Tins  included. 


WILLIS  BROS. 


Horticultural   Manure 

Manufacturer.-^. 
HARPENDEN,  HERTS. 


.     (Free    on    Rail) 

TYPE  A. -Single  (rame, 
Iwo  [ights.  size  411.  by  3ft. 
by  1 5ins.  by  9ins.  as  illus- 
iraled.  £2  9  6 

TYPE  *.- Double  frame, 
four  lights,  size.  8ft.  by 
3ft.  by  ISins.  bv<)ins. 

£4  13  0 

Quotations  (including  car- 
nage to  any  part  of  the 
United  Kingdom)  will  be 
furnished  on  request. 


^~^N  all  points  the  Slade  Frame  scores  —  in 
value  and  price  it's  unbeaten.  It  does 
the  same  work  as  the  clumsy  brick  built  frame 
but  it  can  be  moved  about,  taken  to  pieces, 
and  reassembled  at  will.  It's  perfectly  proof 
against  draught,  damp,  vermin,  etc.,-  and 
conserves  maximum  quantity  of  natural-heat. 
In  Booklet  B  you  will  find  further  interesting 
part.culars — why  not  write  for  it  ? 

The  SLADE  SYNDICATE  Ltd. 

(Directors  :   E.  J.  W.  Slade  and  M.  W.  Slade). 

35,  Surrey  St.,  Strand,  W.C.2 


GET  THIS  BOOK 

•'  CULTIVATION     BY 
MOVABLE   FRAMES" 

By  H.  C.  Cowley, 

Editor  of  '"  The  Garden  " 

1/- 

Post  Free. 


PATTISSON'S 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 

You  will  need  boots  for  next  season. 

Why  not  have  your  old  ones  repaired  or  new  ones  made 
NOW,  AND    BE    READY  tor  the   Mowing   Season  ? 

Orders  now  despatched  by  return. 

Price  Lists  from  the  Manufacturers  : 

H.  PATTISSON  &  CO.,  Streatham  Common,  S,W.16 


MAURICE  PRICHARD'S 

Catalogue  of  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants, 

Aquatics,  etc.,  now  ready  for  1921.  Many 
new  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  therein. 
New  Aubrietias,   New  Saxifpagas. 

New  .Moraine  Alpine  Plant  offered  for  first  time — 
Epodium   chamaedpyoides  posea  (R.V.P.) 

Cdtuloguc  si'nf  free,   2il.   statup. 

Riverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 

E>^tabli^heii  :il)  years. 


You,    Your    Friend,    and    Your    Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss 
the    Important   and    Beautiful  Numbers  of 


THE  GARDEN 

that  are   to  appear  during   this  year. 


'Uhe  surest    and   simplest    way  of  promptly  securing  a 
copy  of  every  issue  is    to  fill  up  the  form  printed  below. 


CL'T    HERE. 


To  Messrs. 


Newsagents, 

or  The   .Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,  London,  W.C.2. 

Please    send    me,    by    Post,    "The    Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.O. 

for being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 

Name •  •    

Address   


.19. 


Inland  SubBcription,  Foreign  and   Colonial  Subscriptions,   17/4  per  annum;   6  months,  8,8. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  29,  1921. 


SPECIALITY : 


WESTERN    COUNTIES    SEED   WAREHOUSES, 
BARNSTAPLE,     DEVON. 

23/24,    ROOD     LANE,     LONDON,    E.C.3. 
6,      OXFORD      CHAMBERS,      BRISTOL. 


TESTED  SEEDS  OF  HIGHEST 
PURITY      &      GERMINATION. 

Catalogues  sent  free. 


i  >•:■$•' j 
fc  .1:!:  ^ 

%^ 


Seeds  for  early  Sowing 
under  Glass. 
BEST   TOMATOES    (BIDES 
RECRUIT).— We   have  grown 
this    alongside   other    varieties 
for  market  work,  and  consider 
it    the    Iteaviest    bearer  of  all, 
while  the  quality    is  first  rate, 
ed.  and  \l-  per  pki. 
CARTER  S  SUNRISE,  a  fine 
variety   carrying  long    regular 
bunches  of  medium-sized  fruit, 
colour    and    flavour    not    sur- 
passed hy  any  variety.    3d.  and 
6rf.  per  pkt. 

RON  DINE  RED.  A  fairly 
large  tomato  of  good  shape, 
colour  and  quality,  and  a  tre- 
mendous cropper.  Much  grown 
in  Guernsey.  AM  R.H.S.  1916. 
3d.  and  6d.  pkt. 

UP-TO-DA  IE,  a  very  heavy 
cropper,  plant  robust  but  short- 
jointed,  good  quality.  3d.  and 
6d.  per  pkt. 

ONION  AILSA  CRAIG.— For 
exhibition  and  general  use.  Per 
pkt  6d.,per  oz.  3/-. 
CUCUMBERS.  —  Every  Day, 
Lochie's  Perfection,  Selected 
Telegraph,  Matchless,  Sensa- 
t  on.  All  6d.  and  \j-  per  pkt. 
Please  send  postage  for  amounts 
under  2/- 

Catalogue  free  on  application. 
J.  R.  Pearson  S-Sons, 
Lowdham. 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


-  *:i:0 


I  \^^7      GIANT 

%0         SWEET  PEAS 

Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM. 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  ihe  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  possess  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named  5/G 

18           ,.                   ..               ..  8'- 

24                                 ..               ..  tO'S 

30           „                 ..              ..  126 

40           ..                 ..              ..  17  6 

50           ..  22,6 

POST  FREE  FOR  CASH  WITH  ORDER. 
All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  magnificent  for  all  purposes, containing 
a  wonderful  range  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours ;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 
of   all  the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.FRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.  61),   WEM,   Shropshire. 

Also    ihe   finest   Flower   Seeds,    Vegetable 
Seeds,    Potatoes,    etc. 


WATERERS 

SUPER 

FRUIT  TREES) 


standard  Plums 
Bush  Apples      - 
Sush  Pears 
Bush  Plums 
Bush  Cherries 


EACH. 

7/6 

-  5/-  to  71' 

-  SI-  to  7/e 

-  5/-  to  7/© 

-  S/-  to  7/6 


IMMACULATE    TREES, 

CLEAN    AND    STURDY. 
Currants,    Black 
Red 
White 


PER     DOZ. 

12/- 


Extra  fine  fruiting  bushes. 

PER    DOZ. 

Loganberry        -        -        18/- 
Phenomenal  Berry       18/- 

EACH. 

King's  Acre  Berry  S/- 

Inspection    of    our    MAGNIFICENT    STOCKS    a1 

TWYFORD  NURSERIES  is  welcomed  and  solicited. 

Descrit>tive  Catalogue  and  Guide  free  on  at>plicaHon. 

JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP,  Ltd.. 

The    Nurseries,   TWYFORD,   Berks. 


DELPHINIUMS 

COSSACK  (new).  — Bright  clear  blue,  with  bronzy 

centre,   single  flowers.     This  has  a  splendid  long 

tapering    spike,    quite    distinct    from     any    other 

variety.     Strong  plants,  5/-  each. 
MERSTHAM  GLORY  (new).— Outer  petals 

Cambridge    blue ;       inner    petals     rosy     mauve ; 

white  eye,  semi-double,  the  best  of  its  colour,  3/6. 
MRS.    W.    W/ELLS. — Rosy   mauve   on    pale 

blue    ground,    white    eye,    very     long     spikes    of 

loosely  formed  flowers  ;'  a  very  attractive  variety  ; 

vigorous  habit.     3/6. 
JOHN     CARTER     (new). — Lavender     mauve, 

white    eye,   semi-double   flowers ;    a   very    useful 

variety  for  cut  flowers.      3/6. 
KING  OF  DELPHINIUMS.— As  the  name 

suggests,  it  is  a  "  King"    among   the   Larkspurs; 

under   favourable    conditions    it     reaches    8ft.     in 

height ;      rich    gentian     blue,    with    very    striking 

white  centre.     2/-. 
LA    FRANCE. — Soft   lilac,  veined    blue,    semi- 
double  flowers,  extra  long  spike.      2/-. 
THE  A  LAKE. —  Deep  purplish  blue,  e.\tra  large 

pips    loosely    arranged     on    fine    spikes,    A.M., 

R.H.S.     3/6. 
YVETTE     GUILBERT.— Transparent    pale 

blue,   with   pink    stripe    on    edge  of   each  petal, 

white  eye,  large  pips.       1  /6. 
ZUSTER      LUGDEN. — Double     dark    blue 

variety,  being  a  strong  grower  and  flowers  well 

formed,  flat,  and  of  a  good  size.      1  /6. 

One  each  of  above  splendid  collection,  24/-. 

Three  sets  for  £3  3s. 

Twelve  splendid  Phlo.s  in  variety  for  9/-. 

Three  sets  for  22/6  cash. 

GENERAL   CATALOGUE    FREE. 

W.  WELLS,  JUN.,  Hardy  Plant  Nurseries, 

MERSTHAM,     SURREY. 


Janitarv    29,    iq2l.' 


THE     GARDEN. 


XI. 


"THE    GARDEN'    CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  lirms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Champion    Decorative  Rose   Grower    of  England 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY  &  SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
I-ANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST  HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
or  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logua.  Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 


R.  &.  G.  CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON  BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,  MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM  &  SON 
Nurseries 
FLSENHAM,  ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  bath  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
TwERTON  Hill  Nihisery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


Garden  Sundries 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 
CHELSEA,  S.W 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable  jt  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   Co., 

13,  South  St.  .\ndhew  Street, 

EDINBURGH. 


East  Lothian  Stocks 

Scotch    Seeil 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All   Garden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


CORRY  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.  BENTLEY.  Ltd. 
Barrow-on-Humber 
HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.  H.  RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,  S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 
Fertilizers  and 
Agricultural 
Manures 


The     New     DESTRUCTOR 

CO.,  Ltd. 
Station  Road,  PERSHORE 


Rubbish 
Destructors 


BARNARDS,  Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG  &  CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.  WALLACE  &  CO., 
The  Old  Gardens 

tunbridge  wells 


Ltd. 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  (Jueen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  1S12. 


HODSON'S,  Ltd. 

58,Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

Ha\e  scver.il  good  men  ;iviilable,  and 
can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
General 
Landscape 
Work 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Ltd. 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhousb  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St. .London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


SPECIALITE. 


SPRING    FLOWERING    SHRUBS 


AZALEAS 
CAMELLIAS 
MAGNOLIAS 
ERICAS 

PLANT     NOAV. 


PRU.NUS 
CERASUS 
DAPHNES 
LILACS 

(Carriage    Paid.) 


V.  N.  GAUNTLETT  &  Co..  Ltd., 

Jap.-inese  Nurseries,  CHIDDINGFOLD,  Surrey. 


Special   Offer, 

Erica  Carnea,  7  -  <lo2.,  50  -  100 ;  Dogwood,  rtd  bark.'d,  2  to 
3  ft.,  4;-  duz,,  20  -  100  ;  Beech,  oonimon,  3  to  4  ft.,  30,-  100; 
Broom,  villow,  3  to  4  ft.,  6/-  doz.,  40  -  100  ;  Hazel,  common, 
3  to  4  ft.,  12;-  100;  Broom,  white,  U  to  2  ft,,  5|-  doz.,  35,- 
100;  Box,  »r.-in,  1  to  IJ  ft.,  5'- doz., "30,-  100;  Box,  Kri-cn, 
2  to  2i  ft.,  bushy,  8  -  doz. ;  Spruce,  whiU-  Amirican,  2*  to  Sj 
ft.,  30,'-  100 ;  Laurels,  IJ  to  2*  ft.,  S,-  doz.,  30  -  100  ;  Poplar, 
Ontario,  6  to  8  ft.,  S  -  doz.,  30,-  100  ;  Hornbeam,  6  to  8  ft., 
10,'-  doz. ;  Austrian  Pine,  54  to  6J  ft.,  30  -  doz. ;  Corsican 
Pine,  5  to  6  ft.,  25-  doz.;  Ch'estnut,  Horse.  9  to  10  ft.,  15,- 
doz.;  Oak,  English,  5  to  6  ft.,  5-  doz.,  30|-  100;  Pinus, 
ponderosa,  2*  to  3;  ft.,  10  -  doz. ;  Laurels,  2  to  3  ft.,  6,-  doz., 
40  -  100. 

THE   ABOVE   AEE    STOUT  WELL-EOOTED  PLANTS 

SYDNEY    SMITH, 

Tansley  "Old"  Nurseries,  near  Matlock,  Derbyshire. 


PERTHSHIRE    GROWN 

SEED    POTATOES 

Are  famous  all  the  world  over. 
They  will  add  25%  to  your  crop. 

Gold  Medal  Award  National  Potato  Show  1920. 

Send  for  our  100-page  Catalogue  of  Garden 

Seeds  &  Potatoes.    It  is  the  finest  in  Scotland. 

Special  Quotations  for  Large  Quantities. 


I 

I, 

11 

I 

I 


ALEXANDER      &      BROWN, 

Dept.   B, 
SOUTH    METHVEN    STREET.    PERTH. 


PERPETUAL   CARNATIONS. 

We    have,     for     prompt     delivery,     well-grown 

healthy  stocU. 

Catalogue  free. 

YOUNG  &  Co.,  Hatherley,  Cheltenham. 

Gold  Medallists.  Estd.  1890. 


GOLD  MEDAL  PERENNIAL  PHLOX: 

12  Grand  New  Varieties  -  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  New  Varieties  -  -  15/- 
12   Very   Best  Older  Varieties      -      10/- 

NEW   MICHAELMAS     DAISIES: 

12  Giand   New   Varieties    -      -      -     20/- 
12  Very    Fine   New  Varieties-      -      15 
12  Very   Best  Older  Varieties     -      10/- 

Tlie  above  are   good   plants  and   delivered  package 

and  cari'iage  free  for  cash  with  order. 
H.  J.  JONES,  Ryecroft  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  S.E  1  3. 


THE     SHELLEY 
SWEET     PEAS 

LILAC  BLUSH.— Elegance  (18),  6d.;    A'.'ricola  (25),  6d. 
LAVENDER.— Gladys,  1/6  ;  LaVi:nd.r  Bi-Ib-,  1  6  ;  R  F  Fi'ltou 

(25),  6d. 
PICOTEE  (w!lit.).— Annie  Ireland  (12),  6d. 
(erram). — Jean  Ireland  (25),  6d. 

ORANQE  SCARLET The  President  (25),  6d. 

MAUVE.— The   Lady   Eveline   (25),  6d. ;    Kin-   Miuvi-  (25). 
6d.  " 

MAROON.— Kina  Manoel  (30),  6d. ;  Warrior  (25).  6d. 
BLUSH  PINK.— Valentine  (18),  6d. ;    Mrs.  H.  Svls.>  (30)  6d. 
CERISE.— Ficr>- Cross  (25),  Sd.  ;   Hope  (18).  6d." 
PINK.— Hawlmiirk     Pink     (6),     6d. ;      H'Teul  ■«    (25),    6d.  • 

Countess  Spenser  (30),  6d. 
PURPLE.— Royal  Purple  (25),  6d. 
Full  list  with  Collections  (2  -,  3  -  and  S  -)  post  free. 

T.     H.     DIPNALL,     F.R.H.S., 

The  Shelley  Sweet  Pea  Farm,  nr.  HADLEIQH,  SUFFOLK. 


^///  &/ciyru/ 


HAND-PICKED  SEED  POTATOES, i 

SCOTCH     GROWN.  j 

Send  for  our  Illustrated  List.     It  will  interest  you. 

A  COMPLETE  GUIDE  TO  POTATO  GROW/NC. 


TOM      E.     KING,      LTD., 

SEED    POTATO    GROWER, 

SOMERSHAM,     ST.     IVES,     HUNTS- 

Contractor  to  His  Majesty's  Govcrinncnt. 


Xll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[January  20,  1921. 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 


Fumigator 


'^, 


N 


Introduced  1885. 

OTHING     yet     intro- 


I  ff  1. 


duced  has  surpassed 
this  valuable  method 
of  Fumigating  Greenhouses. 
It  combines  economy  with 
efficiency  in  every  way, 
and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  1 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it !     Full  directions 

Registered  Trade  Marli  6215.       for  USe  On  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent  in  this  Fumisator ! 
Prices. —No.  1i  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  l.OOfl 
cubic  ft..  lOd.  each  ;  No. 2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  upto 
1.500  cubic  ft.,  113  each  ;  No.  3.  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses  from  2.000  to  2.500  cubic  ft..  1/9  each. 
Sold  by  the  Trade  jienerally. 


Important      to       Gardeners      and 
Fruit      Grow/ers. 

"NIQUAS" 


(IMPROVED) 


Regd. 


THE     MOST     SUCCESSFUL     NON  -  POISONOUS 
INSECTICIDE    OF    THE     DAY. 

It  has  the  advantage  of  a  small  addition  of  Nicolinf, 
thus  rendering  its  effects  more  deadly  to  all  insect  pests. 

No  possible  injury  to  the  most  delicate  Plant.  Flower,  or 
Foliage. 

One  pint  maltes  10  to  12  gallons  for  Thrip.  Black  and  Green 
Fly,  etc.,  whilst  RED  SPIDER,  Mealy  Bug  and  Scale  can 
be  thoroughly  eradicated  by  using  "  N IQUAS  "  abDut  double 
*he  streriith  required  f<ir  Fl\  . 

PRICES. -Half-pint,  1,4;  Pint,  2  3  ;  Quart,  3  9  j  Half- 
gal.,  6  -  ;  Qallon,  11  -  ;  Drums,  each,  Five  Qalls., 
36,-;   10  Qalls.,  62,6;    20  Qalls.,  120,-. 

To  be  had  from  the  Trade  generalli-. 
Manufacturers : 

CORRY  &  CO.,  Ltd. 

LONDON,    S.E.I. 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  youp  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
OP  games  let  us 
know. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIES  Ld. 
Cpanmep  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf -mould,  ready  for  use  at  .my  time,  in  thesame  way.  and  for  all  purposes  tfiat  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
furtfier(4  bush  els  equalling  15  cwts.).  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Repopt  of  Boyal  Horticaltnral  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley.  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  WILKS,  Secretary. 

A  BCiiutifitt  Free  Booklet  giving  full  particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard. 

W^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -«S 

Prices,  including  bags.  1  bushel  2/3.  4  bushels  6/-.  5-4  bushels  28,'9.  10.4  bushels  55/-.  ■^0-4  bushels  100/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAXELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime).  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY     BROS.      &     CO.,      LTD.,     75a,     BANKS  IDE,     LONDON,      S.E.I. 


THE   CLOCHE   CLIP 


PATENTED  | 
IN  THE  U.K.  . 
&     ABROAD.  ' 


THE    CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 


ir 


FOR    making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants, 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  inay  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  theii 
use.    Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used,  also  old  photographic  plates.     The  Clip  will 
make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  handled  without  falling  apart. 
Price?/- d02.    Postage;  9d.  1  doz.,  1- 2do2  ;  over2doz.  Carrie  ge  Paid.    Cash  with  order 

Particulars  and  designs  of  Cloches  in  various  shapes  will  be  sent  on  application. 

THE    CLOCHE    CLIP    CO.,    94,    Woodbridge      Road,    Ouitdford,    Surrey 


Great   Eastern   Railway 


SAND 

SUITABLE    FOR 

GOLF    COURSES 
BOWLING   GREENS,   Etc. 

Supplied  in  full  truck  loads  to 
any    G.E.R.    Goods   Station    at 

I  Z/"  per  Ton. 


For  Sample  apply  to  the  Commercial  Super 
intendent  (C.W.),  Liverpool  Street  Station,  London, 
B.C. 2. 

H.    W.    THORNTON, 

General  Manager 


SITUATIONS    WANTED. 


BOTANICAL    ARTIST    desires    employment, 

wliolr  or  part  time.  South  prcfem-d.  F.xp.-riiiicid  illustrator, 
scii-utiflc  or  nommircial.  Silver  Flora  Miiialli.st,  E.H.S.  Has 
workid  tor  British  Museum.  State  salary.  Miss  HiLn.\  COLEV 
.St.  Aiiue's.  Four  Oaks,  nr.  Birminizham. 


TWO  EDUCATED  GIRLS  want  out-door  work 

for  siveial  moutlis  toaethcr.  February.  Gariieuiug,  poultry 
or  keiuM  I  work.  Small  wage  or  would  work  for  boaid .  Good 
war  expirieuce.— Box  1,  "The  Gardeu,"  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Lottdou,  W.C. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


WINTER  WASH. 


EUREKA 

CAUSTIC    AUKALI. 

THE  MOST  EFFECTIVE  WASH    FOR    FRUIT  TREES    Ac. 
JIN    K6  TINS    FOR   10  TO   (6  GALLS   OF  WASH. 
WORM    KILLER.     LAWN   SAND    &    GARDEN    SUNDRIES. 


OnlyAddrissiTaMLINSON  IiHavward  Lt?  LINCOLN. 


;ets  there  |»% 

I  and  makes  the  Gar^ein  traSJk 
gay  all  the  year  rotind  r^^t^ 


SoU  CTerywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  in  PACKETS  lOd.  &  1/6,  and 

in  BRANDED  A  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs.   4/-;   14  lbs.   II- :  2Slbs.   12/- ;  56Ibx..22/-:   112  lbs..  40/-;  or 

dire,  t  from  the  Works.  Carriage  Paldiolhe  United  Kingdom  for  Cash  with  OrJer  (except  PACKETS) 


CLAY    &    SON.    Manure  N1 '.>■.=  &  Bor 


•^er.S,  S"fRATFORD,  LONDON. E. 


HEAVY  WINTER  EGG  PRODUCTION 

cannot  be  avoided  so  long  as 

"GORDON     GRAY" 

LIGHT     SUSSEX 

are  nsularly  kept  in  YOUR  Y.ARDS. 

EQQS     FOR     HATCH  INQ     NOW     READY. 

Full    particulars    apply         Deansbrook  Poultry  Farm, 

a.  QORDON  GRAY,  Ltd.     THAXTED  -       ESSEX. 


Work  in  Comfort 
with  warm  feet 

You  can  defy  the  damp  it'  you  wear  a  pair  of 
CALOR  CLOGS.  They're  just  as  comfortable 
and  warm  as  boots,  but  they're  much  cheaper. 
With  a  pair  of  Calor  Clogs  you  can  work  in  the 
worst  weather  and  still  have  dry  feet  at  the 
end  of  the  day.  Calor  Clofis  are  made  of  good 
grain  leather,  lined  with  felt.  Soles  are  of 
wood.  Well  finished  and  useful.  For  men 
and  \v   men.    Price  8/11.  post  paid.    No.C529. 

Also  in  lacing  Style  C5'24, 
Sizes?  to  5  ...  7|11  1  Sizes  6  to  11  ...  8/6 
Men's  and  Women's  Watertight  Derby  Clogs, 
at  9/6.  12/6,  14/6;  Children's  Clogs  from 
4/11;  Wellington  Clogs,  felt  lined  and  unlined, 
16/6  and  22/6;  Rubber  Wellingtons.  Men's 
sizes,  18/6  and  21/-.  Women's  sizes.  17/6  and 
19/11,  Children's,  from  12/6;  Men's  Long 
Rubber  Thigh  Boots.  21/-.    All  post  paid. 

Send  for  our  free  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


).\Nl'AEV     29,     I()2I. 


THE     GARDEN. 


xm. 


Write  for  our  prices  of  Sheet  Glass  and  Putty. 
We  have  some  Special  Lines  of  Horticultural 
Glass  at  very  low  prices. 

Please  state  your  requirements  and  allow 
us  to  quote. 

We  can  supply  any  quantity  and  any  size 
at  lowest  prices. 

All  kiitils  ot  Glass  ami  Work  on  Glass. 


M. 


NEWTON 


Ltd. 


20,   21,   22,   23,  Charles   St.,   Hatton   Garden, 

LONDON,      E.C.1. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

>»■   tf   »r 

THE  BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL  POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,      Orchids,      and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


state  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  illustrated  Price  List. 

RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

R,,y,ll     Potteries, 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM. 


The  Profit  and 
fj    Pleasure   of  a 
Warm  Greenhouse 


fruit  Trees  in  Bloom  in  Greenhouse. 

THE  Greenhouse  is  an  INDOOR  GARDEN  with  many  times  the  possibilities  and  pleasures  of 
the  one  outside.  A  Garden  from  lohich  you  can  have  CHOICE  FLOWERS,  FRUIT,  and 
VEGETABLES,  in  season  and  out  of  season,  all  the  year  round,  no  matter  whether  it  is  a  wet 
rear,  dry  year,  or  any  kind  of  year.  If  vou  INVEST  in  an  efficient  Heater  and  a  simple  system  of 
Pipes,  these  possibilities  are  very  greatlv  multiplied.  Apart  from  the  growing  of  Blooms  there  is  the 
opportunity  of  RAISING  SEEDLINGS  for  the  VEGETABLE  GARDEN  outside,  as  well  as 
hringino  to  perfection  GRAPES,  CUCUMBERS,  TOMATOES,  or  FRUIT  ON  DWARF 
TREES,  &c.,  all  a  source  of  nutritious  Food,  and  a  splendid  DIVIDEND  on  your  investment 
in  that  Heating  Apparatus. 

THE  "HORSESHOE     BOILER 

is  used  by  thousands  of  satisfied  Amateur  and 
Professional  Gardeners  as  the  best  investment 
possible  for  securing  a  uniform  temperature  without 
trouble  in  all  weathers.  BURNS  12  to  20  HOURS 
without  attention.  It  is  worliing  in  the  Botanic 
and  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens,  &c.,  &c. 

Send    a    Postcard    with    the   size    of 
your  Greenhouse  and  ask  for  List  42. 

C.  p.  KIN  NELL  &  Co.,  Ltd. 
Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.1 


No.  49a.     Small  Greenhouse. 

Size    lOfl.  by  8ft.  (other  sizes  made).      Painted    two 
coats.      Glazed   with    1 5   oz.   glass. 

PRICES    ON    APPLICATION. 

Ready    (or    immediate    delivery.        Carriage    Paid    lo 
stations    in    England    and    Wales. 


You  can  erect  this  Green- 
house   in  90  minutes. 

This  splendid  Greenhouse  for  Amateurs  comes  to  you  in  sections — 
glazed,  painted,  and  complete  in  every  detail — everything  so 
accurately  fitted  (even  bolt  holes  ready  drilled)  that  in  about  90 
minutes  you  can  erect  and  have  it  ready  for  occupation.  The 
parts  fit  together  almost  as  easily  as  a  sectional  bookcase. 

The    Illustrations    show  :  (1)   No.  49a,  Greenhouse   in  actual  use.     (2)  The 
Sections  of  one  half  of  the  fiouse  put  together.     (3)  The  constructional  unils 
of  the  other  half  of  the  house,  forming  one  side,  half  of  roof,  and  one  end. 
It  is  advisable  to  set  the  House  on  a  4  J  inch  brick  footing,  or  we  can  supply 
tarred  sleepers  at  extra  cost. 

This  Greenhouse  has  the  characteristics  of  all  B.  &  P.  Structures 
— sturdy  strength  and  splendid  finish — given  by  the  best  of 
sound  selected  materials,  built  up  by  skilled  craftsmen  the  only 
kind  of  buildings  which  give  convincing  value  for  money  in 
lasting  usefulness. 

Enquiries  invited  for  Heating  Systems,   Conservatories, 

Vinery     Ranges,     Peach     Houses,     Carnation     Houses, 

Garden       Frames,      etc.,      of     all      descriptions,      with 

requisite  accessories. 

WRITE    FOR    LIST    OF    GARDEN    FRAMES 
AND     SIWALL    GREENHOUSES. 


1^ 


oulton  erau 


LONDON    OFFICKi 

i'ouLTON,  NORWICH  I  Chief  Officc  &  Wofks  i  "s-J,  queen  victom*  »t. 

-    Telegram*  .  m..\,.^ 


TELEQRAMS  . 


Tmi.BPHONH  • 

N  O  R  W  IC  I 


NO     R     W     T    C    H    •   'OUTIQUE.    COmUL    UWMI 


THE     GARDEN. 


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THE  PAST  YEAR  HAS  BEEN  SPECIALLY  NOTED  FOR 
THE  REVIVAL  OF  THE  CULTIVATION  OF  ANNUALS. 
AND  MANY  GARDEN  LOVERS  HAVE  BEEN  SURPRISED 
TO  FIND  HOW  NUMEROUS  WERE  THE  NEW 
VARIETIES,  AS  WELL  AS  THE  OLDER  AND  FOR- 
GOTTEN BEAUTIES,  THAT  COULD  GIVE  A  FRESH 
CHARM  TO  THE  GARDEN.  SCOTSMEN  SEEM  TO  HAVE 
REALISED  THIS  EVEN  MORE  THAN  THE  SOUTHERNER, 
AND  IT  ASTONISHES  THE  VISITOR  FROM  THE  SOUTH 
TO  SEE  THE  EXTENT  TO  WHICH  ANNUALS  ARE 
GROWN  IN  THE  NORTH  AND  THE  EXTRAORDINARY 
VIGOUR  OF  PLANTS  THAT  PRODUCE  FLOWERS  IN 
ABUNDANCE     TILL     LATE     IN     AUTUMN. 


THE  NUMEROUS  DELIGHTFUL  ANNUALS— SUCH  AS 
CANDYTUFT,  COREOPSIS,  CLARKIA,  CHRYSAN- 

THEMUM, ESCHSCHOLTZIA,  GODETIA,  LARKSPUR 
LAVATERA,  LINAKIA,  NEMESIA,  NIGELLA,  POPPY, 
SALPIGLOSSIS,         SWAN  RIVER  DAISY,         SWEET 

SULTAN,  CHINA         ASTERS,         STOCKS.         ANCHUSA 

VISCARIA,  AND  OTHER  BEAUTIFUL  FLOWERS 
(NOTABLY  ANTIRRHINUMS),  WHICH,  THOUGH  NOT 
STRICTLY  ANNUALS.  CAN  BE  GROWN  IN  THB 
SA.VIE  MANNER— WILL  PRODUCE  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
DISPLAYS  IN  BEDS  AND  BORDERS  AT  A  MUCH 
SMALLER  OUTLAY,  AND  IN  MUCH  LESS  TIME 
THAN     CAN     BE     OBTAINED     BY    OTHER     MEANS. 


Full  descriptive  lists  of  all  these  and  many  otiier 
choice   Flowers  will  be  found   in   the    pages  of 

SUTTON'S    GARDEN    SEED    CATALOGUE 

FOR     1921 


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Tpv    I.iRF  ■■    1-iMiTEi).  at    ''0.    Tavistock    Street     Strand.    NS'.C.'i. 


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GARDEN 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


/ol.  LXXXV.— No.  2568. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y..  Post  Office 


Saturday,   February   5,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A     NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN      MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/-1  ;     Foreifin,    17/4 


A  STURDY  MONKSHOOD  (ACONITUM  CHINENSE) 
A  beautiful  plant  for  the  hardy  flower  border  with  rich  violet 
blue  flowers.       It  should  be  planted  now  for  Autumn  eff'ect. 


MERRYWEATHER'S    FRUIT   TREES 

Do  not  fail  to  plant  the  following, 

unquestionably  two  of  llie  finest  fruitsiin  cultivation: 

APPLE — BBAMLEY'S  SEEDLING,  the  fines-t  profitable  apple  in  cultivation; 
fruit  wonderful  siie.  skin  lively  grem,  changing  to  yellow,  with  bright  red  cheek;  flesh, 
firm,  crisp,  sub-acid,  very  juicy,  and  fla\our  when  cooktd  without  equal.  Will  keep  till 
May  or  June. 

DAMSON— MERRIWEATHER.      This  has  caused  a  revolution  in  Damson  grow- 
ing, the  growth  is  very  similar,  and  as  vigorous  as  Victoria  plum.     Unlike  all  Damsons  it 
ccmmentes  to  fruit  on  two  or  three  year  old  trees.    The  fruit  is  of  wonderful  size,  and  true] 
Damson  flavour.     Could  readily  he  taken  for  a  late  Plum,  until  tasted.  j 

Send   for    Particulars.  I 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &     SONS,    LTD., 

Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

GARDEN    SEEDS  for    1921 

FINEST     SELECTED     STRAINS     OF     THE  • 

BEST     VEGETABLE      SEEDS 

HAND-PICKED    SEED    POTATOES 

AND     CHOICE     FLONA/ERS. 

Barrs'  Seed  Guide  for  1S2I  contains  a  careful  selection  of  the  Best 
Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  for  maintaining  a  supply  of  Vegetables 
the   year    roi  nd    and    abundance    of  Flowers   in   the    Garden    and  ' 

Greenhouse  ;  also  List  of  best  quality  Garden  Tools,  Insecticides  I 

and    other    Garden     Requisites.  Sent     free    on    application.  ' 

11,   12   &   13.  KING   STREET,, 
COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2. 


BARR  &  SONS 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigcious  habil  and  supeiior  coDStilutioo.      A  visit  to  our  EstablisfameDt 

is    coidially    invited    to   insptct    our    immense    end    interestiog  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  !n  waim  and  cooli 

sections  also  a  speciality. 
Expeit     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 
culture    of    Orchids.  , 

HAY  WARDS 
HEATH. 


CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO.. 

SOW    NOW    to    bloom    in    July    and    August 

BLAGKMORE    &    LANGDON'S 

World-renowned    BEGONIA     SEEDS    (54    Gold    Medals). 


Doubles,    mine  can  equal  this  for  quality,  size  and  lovely 

form  and  colours  of  flowers 
Single,  of  wonderful  size  and  form  ... 

Frilled   Single,    a  beautiful  selection         

Crested   Single,   very  fascinating  

Hanging  Basket,  a  grand  novelty,  very  graceful 
Gloxinia  seed,  mixed,  in  most  beautiful  selection  of 
colour     ... 


Per  P;icket. 

2/6   &    5;- 

1/-,  2/6  &  5/. 


1/-,  2/6  & 
1/.,  2/6  & 
1  /6,  2/6  & 


5- 

5/- 
5/. 


1 ,6,  2/6  &  5/- 

For  pritCi  of  tuhen  of  uloi'e  and  olher  ipccialilies.  write  ft r  free  catalogue  end  mention  this  faper. 

Twerton     Hill     Nurseries,     BATH. 


THE     GARDEN. 


February  5,   1921. 


it 


THE    GARDEN'   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  heg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  (irms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISH,\  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 
HURST,  BERKS 

The   ChamD*on    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of   England 

D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
Tha  Champion  Rose  Growers  ef  Great  Brilain, 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY    cSc    SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
or  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logua.  Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWER  INQ     SHRUBS 

For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 

Established  1797  free 


R.    &    G.    CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


New   Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM    &    SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM.    ESSEX 


Gaf-rien  Graf  smen 
Rock  workers 
Roc4   Alpine 
and 
Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
B.\TH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Swaet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


D.\WKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable^  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Sc}ich    Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


Garden  Sundries 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  am  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  and  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL    ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


THE    NEW    DESTRUCTOR 

CO.,  Ltd. 
Station  Road,  PERSHORE 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
.NORWICH 


Rubbish 
Destructors 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Garden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG    &    CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE    US 


Landscape  and 
Qarden   Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


R.   W.'\LLACE   &    CO., 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Ltd. 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  Internationa 
Show,  19IJ. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No. ;  Vic.  S3 14. 

H:tVL'  several  good  mca  available,  and 

eaii  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Gardens  and 
General 
Landscape 
Work 


J.    CHEAL   &    SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Landscape 

Gardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 

Southwark  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


PERPETUAL    CARNATIONS. 

We    have,     for      prompt     delivery,      well  grown 

healthy  stock. 

Catalogue  free. 

YOUNG  &  Co.,  Hatherley,  Cheltenham. 


Gold  Medallists. 


Estd.   1890. 


GOLD  MEDAL  PERENNIAL  PHLOX: 

12  (ii-.ind  New  N'aricties  ■  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  .New  Varieties  -  -  15/- 
12  Very  Best  Older  Varieties     -     10/- 

NEW   MICHAELIVIAS     DAISIES: 

12  Gi-.ind  New  Varieties  -  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  New  Varieties-  -  15- 
12  Very   Best  Older  Varieties     -      10/- 

Tiie   above  are   good    plants  and   d.  livercd  package 

and  carriage  fre^  for  cash  with  order. 
H.  J.  JONES,  Ryecroft   Nurseries,  Lewisham.  S.E  1  3. 


SPECIALITE. 


SPRING    FLOWERING    SHRUBSi 


AZALEAS 

ca.mellias 
magnolias 

ERICAS 

PLANT     NO>V. 


PRU.NUS 
CERASUS 
DAPHNES 
LILACS 


(Carriage    Paid.) 


V.   N.  GAUNTLETT  &  Cn..    Ltd., 

J.-ipanese  Nurstrifs,  CH  1  DDINGFOLD.  Surre: 


Special  Offer. 

Erica  Carnea,  7  -  diiz.,  50  -  100 ;  Dogvt/ood,  rrd  barked,  2  1 
3  ft.,  4  -  dr.z,,  20  -  100  ;  Beech,  common,  3  tu  4  ft.,  30j-  10( 
Broom,  vUow,  3  to  4  ft.,  6  -  doz.,  40,-  100  ;  Hazel,  commo 
3  to  4  ft..  12  -  100 ;  Broom,  wliitf,  1',  to  2  ft.,  S(-  doz.,  35 
100;  Box,  srcin,  1  to  1,>.  ft.,  5;-  doz.,  30,'-  100;  Box,  grec 
2  to  2'.  ft.,  hu'ihv,  8/-  doz  ;  Spruce,  wiiito  Amcrioiin,  2  to  t 
ft.,  30;-  100  ;  Laurels,  W  to  2;  ft.,  51-  doz.,  30j-  100  ;  Poplas 
Ontario,  6  to  S  ft.,  S  -  d.Tz,,  30  -  lOli  ;  Hornbeam,  6  to  8  fl 
10-  doz.;  Austrian  Pine,  5',  to  6',  ft.,  30-  doz.;  Corsica 
Pine,  5  to  6  ft.,  25  -  doz.;  Chestnut,  Horso.  9  to  10  ft.,  15 
doz.;  Oak,  Enzlish,  5  to  6  ft.,  5-  doz.,  30;-  100;  Plnu^  i 
pondorosa,  21  to  3j  ft.,  10  -  doz. ;  Laurels,  2  to  3  ft.,  6/-  doi 
40  -  100. 

THE   ABOVE  AEE    STOU'J'  WELL-KOOTED   PLANTS. 

SYDNEY    SMITH, 

Tansley  "Old"  Nurseries,  near  Matlock,  Derbyshirn 


PERTHSHIRE    GROWN 

SEED    POTATOES 

Are  famous  all  the  world  over. 
They  will  add  25°;-,  to  your  crop. 

Gold  Medal  Award  National  Potato  Show  1920. 

Send  for  our   100-page  Catalogue  of  Garden 

Seeds  &  Potatoes.    It  is  the  finest  in  Scotland. 

Special  Quotations  for  Large  Qaantities. 


ALEXANDER      &      BRO>A/N, 

IXpt.  B, 
SOUTH     METHVEN     STREET.    PERTH. 


NATIONAL  SWEET  PEA   SOCIETY 

21st   Exhibition    July   12    &   13   1921. 

£25  for  3  Bunches 

If  our  3  novelties    Gladys,   Giant    Attraction, 

Sensation  are  in  ihe  1st  Prize  Exhibit  Class  I 

100  Guinea  "  Daily  Mail  "  Cup 

\\c  will  give  winner  .-£25.     If  only  1  bunch  £5, 

if  2  £15,  if  3  £25. 

Our    Novelties   can    be   obtained   from    most 

seedsmen,  12  seeds  1  /6  or  direct : 

E.  W.  KING  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  Sweet  Pea  Raisers, 
Coggeshall,     Essex. 

Tlie    largest    English    Sweet    Pea    Growers. 


SOW 

"hawlmarm 

SEEDS 

DlCKSONS,"HawlmarK"  BELFAST. 


February  5,    1921. 


GARDEN. 


-^s>=^^^^ 


J^^^i 


WEBB'S    GOLD    MEDAL  SWEET  PEAS.— 

Aw,ird''<l  (loM  .M«l:d  ami  Silver  C\ip  at  tli>  Xatioiiiil  Swiit 
Pea  Society's  and  Biriiiint-'liain  Horticultural  Society's 
(combined)  Show,  1920,  for  flmst  display  in  tlie  Show. 

SELECTED    LAROE    FLtlWEKI.NG. 
White,  Crimson,   Rose,   Canary   Yellow,   Mauve,   Pinli,   Purple, 
Salmon,     Lavender,    Maroon,    Orange,    Rose    Carnrinc,    Light 
Blui'    and  JIi.\od  Colours,  e.ach  8d.  pkt..  post  tree. 
SPECIAL    EXHIBITION    COLLECTIONS. 
12  finest  named  varieties,  6/-       I 
12  ditto  (-mailer  plits,).  3/-  -    Post  free. 

18  finest  named  varieties,  10/-     I 
Pamplllet  on  Sweet  Pea  Culture  on  request. — Webb  it   SONS, 
Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shrubs,  Japanese  Clierrics,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects, 
—John  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseries, 
Bagsliot,  Surrey. 


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 

SEEDS,  Scotch  prown  ser-d  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,   in  the  new  and  leading   varieties  of   Delphiniums, 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


WATERERS'       FRUIT      TREES.  —  Magni- 

flcent    stock    of    250,000    trees.       Prospective    purchasers    are 
invited  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  Nurseries. 


WATERERS'     ROSES.  —  Superb     Stock. 

John  Waterer.  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Twyford,  Berks. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND    GLAZING 

— "  VITRO  LITE "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  23s.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  pei 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.— Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  & 
Sons,  Grove  Works,  Battersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


WELLS'   CHRYSANTHEMUM   CATALOGUE 

DOW    ready.     Post    free    on    application. — W.    Wells    A    Co., 
Clirysanthemnra  Nurseries,  Merstham,  Surrey. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Rbcthe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


PERRY'S     SPECIAL    OFFER     of    Japanese 

LILIES,       GLADIOLUS,       MONTBRETIAS,       TIGRIDIAS 
BEGONIAS,  etc.  now  ready,  free. — Harey  Plant  Far.m,  Enfleld 


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— The    only     reliable    and     complete    substitute    for    Stable 
manure.     See  advt.  on  p.  viii. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive    List 

of  over  one  tliousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate, 
6d.  post  free. — Thk  Burbaoe  NniSERiES,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established    1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."     1  No.  6  "  Mona."    For  immediate  delivery.     Prices 
on     application— Wm.     DUNCAN     TUCKER    it     Sons,     Ltd 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


IRON       FENCING,       GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles.  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting. 
Espalier  Fittings.  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
RaiUng,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  tor  f  reservation  of  Ironwork, 
etc.    Catalogue  free,— Hill  A  S-mith,  Ltd.,  Brierlev  Hill, 


SWEET    PEAS. — Before   placing   your   order 

see  Storrie's  unique  multum  in  parvo  pages,  embracing  a  complete 
representative  collection  in  systematic  colour  groups,  guiding 
rather  than  confusing  the  prospective  purcliaser.  The  expert 
as  well  as  the  amateur  will  appreciate  this  list.  The  method  of 
colour  grouping  is  original  and  entirely  our  own.  This  list  post 
free  on  application.  STORRlE  AND  Storrie.  Florists  Department, 
Nurseries,  (ilcncarsc,  Perthshire. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied 
Vanguard,  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coll  Boilers.  Pipes 
Joints,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free. — Thomas  Jeavons' 
Sliver  Street  Works,  Brierley  Hill. 


BARRS'    SEED     GUIDE,    now    ready,  free. 

For  a  Silect  List  of  the  best  vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of 
finest  Select.d  Strains  and  Tested  Growth.  At  tlie  Il,H,S 
Wisley  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable  Seeds  have  received 
exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality,  many  having  been 
Highly  Commended  and  several  given  First-class  Certificates 
and  Awards  of  Merit,- B.iRR  &  Sons,  11,  12  &  13,  King  Street, 
Covcnt  G,-.rden,  London,  W,C,2, 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES,— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  t  They  do  grandly  in  auy  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogue  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  6d.  and  5s.— J.  DOUOLAS,  Great  Bnokham. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of   Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  Ixmdon,  S,W,3,  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone:    Kensington  90  &  91, 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser  ; 
no  solids;  no  open  filters;  perfectly  automatic;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Gro'^venor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE    FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  orna- 
mental garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  description.  Send 
for  illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists.— Bod lton  &  Paul,  Ltd.. 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 

CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS— Our 

New  Catalogue,  iucluding  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargonmms,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  COLE  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


SUTTON'S  VEGETABLE  SEEDS. 

P.y  liybridisation,  by  constant  selection  and  re-selection  year  I 
after  year  our  choice  strains  are  maintained  at  the  highest 
standard  of  excellence.    .      — i^    ~aifc-^i.-* 

^_^^  Our  Speciality  for  the  week.  ' 

SUTTON'S     CUCUMBER,     "  EVERYDAY."  ' 

Sets  freely  at  all  seasons.    Splendid  cropper.    Good  length.  First-' 
rate  flavour.     F.C.C.,  K.H.S.     Per  packet,  2s.  6d. 
SUTTON  &   SONS,  THE   KING'S  SEEDSMEN,   READING. 


KELWAY'S    P.ffiONIES.  —  NOW    IS    THE' 

TIME  TO   PLANT.     AS   BEAUTIFUL  AS   ROSES,   BUT  AS  I 
HARDY   AS   THE    DOCK.      HAVE    YOU   TRIED   THEM  T 
As   one   walks   through   a   border  of   KELWAY'S   PEONIES 
one   can    easily    imagine   that   they   are    roses — giant   roses — 
their  delicious  scent,  their  creamy-tinted  petals   flushed   with 
pink,  and  their  bright  dark  foliage  are  exceptionally  delightful. 
WRITE     TO     KELWAY'S     NOW,     and     procure     strong  ■ 
named  plants  for  immediate  planting,  then  you  will  be  rewarded  \ 
with  good  clumps  and  beautiful  blossoms  "in  early  summer.       ; 
KELWAY    &    SON,    THE     ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS,  I 
LANGPORT,    SOMERSET.  ( 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN, 

Edinburgh,  will  send  a  copy  of  their  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  paper  is  mentioned.  i 


BATH'S    SELECT  SEEDS   AND   PLANTS.—  ] 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds  I 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application,  j 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E,),  R.  H.  Bath,  1 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


HAVE   YOU   SEEN    OUR    CATALOGUE?— 

If  not,  send  for  one  now  :  it  is  full  of  intere.>ting  things.  Post 
free,  if  you  mention  this  paper,  from  Stuart  &  Mein,  The 
King's  Seedsmen,  Xelso,  Scotland. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,    VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  seli'ct  stock  is  always  on  Wew. 
Inspection  iuvited.  Price  list  post,  free  on  application.— 
'I'HOrf.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nvirsrries,  Sawbridgcwnrth,  Herts. 


SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES,  specially  selected, 

crrtiflcated,  Arran  Comrade,  141b.  3s.  ;  2Slb.,  5s.  6d.  ;  561b., 
10s.  Drumwliindle  Seedling,  Early  Main  Crop,  enormous 
cropper,  fine  quality.  A  customer  from  Leeds  writes  :  "  Lifted 
n21b.  from  five  tubers."  Another  writes:  "Gained  prize  for 
■,'r..-atest  weight  of  any  variety."  141b.,  3s.  6d.  ;  281b.,  6s.  6d.  ; 
501b.,  13s. — James  IIobertson,  Seed  Potato  Grower,  AberdcL-u, 
Scotland. 


ROCK     PLANTS     (Choice     Species).       Also 

Small    Slirubs,    Greenhouse    Plants,    etc.     Miss    BICKEESTETH, 
Cottiugham,  Hull. 


KING'S     ACRE     SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  In  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
for  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliability. — King's  Acre  Nttrsehies,  Limited,  Hereford. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should   be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and  . 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S   HERBACEOUS   PLANTS  AND 

ALPINE      RHODODENDRONS     AND      AZALEAS.  New 

lists  free. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.       Catalogue     (No.     4)      free.— 
MooRTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly   practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  wTitten  by  Laurence  J.  Cook,  I 
is   now  ready.     Price   2s.   6d.   net,   postage   4d.   extra.    It   is  | 
published    at    the    offices    of    "  Country    Life,"    Ltd.,    20,' 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


McDOUGALL'S     WINTER      WASH.  —  Un- 

rivalled  for  cleansing  fruit  trees  from  moss  and  lichen  ;  also 
destroys  fungoid  spores,  hibernating  insects,  and  effectively 
cli'^cks  the  terrible  ravages  of  canker.  1  gall,  drums,  to 
make  80  gall,  wash,  13s.  6d.  each  ;  quarts,  4s.  6d. ;  pints, 
2s.  9d.  From  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.  Send  for 
special  leaflet. — McDOUOALL  BROS.,  LTD.,  Port  Street. 
ManclK'ster. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  in  flowers  and  vegetables, 
including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  IJd.  postage.— 
Laxton  Broth  l;rs.  Bedford. 


"CRANSTON'S    EXCELSIOR"    &    "  AILS  A 

CRAIG  "  ONIONS  are  the  best  in  commerce.  Seed  from 
finest  strains  obtainable  at  9d.,  1/-  and  2/6  per  packet  post 
free.  New  illustrated  seed  catalogue  most  moderately  priced, 
free  on  request.  The  best  seeds  at  most  reasonable  prices. 
King's  Acre  Nuuseries    Limited    Hereford. 


FLOWER    POTS.— 10  Sin.,   15  6in.,  15   5in., 

15  4in.,  15  3in.,  complete,  packed  free,  16s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — THOS.  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brierley 
Hill. 


RESIDENCE  and  6|  acres   suitable   nurserv, 

poultry,  fruit,      9  miles  London  Bridge.      Freehold:    Vacant 
HocKLE,  223,  Richmond  Road,  Twickenham. 


STORING     VEGETABLES     AND     FRUITS  : 

with  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  Tht  Oarden).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  ConNTKT  Life," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


McDOUGALL'S    « FUMERS  "    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "  Sheets "  for  greenhouse  fumigation  ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
MODOHQALL  BEOS,,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS     SPECIALITY.  —  List 

fffc. — Terry  Lee,  16,  Morden  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


FIDLER'S    NEW   ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOB  1921  IS  NOW 
READY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of  post  card.— Write  at  once  to  FlDLER  «  SONS,  Royal 
Berkshire  Seed  Store?,  Beading. 


RARE    ALPINES. — Cotyledon    simplicifolius, 

1/-;  Dianthus  negiectus,  9d. ;  Ctrastijm  ^1losum,  9d. ; 
Delphinium  tatslencnse,  1/- ;  Hypericum  cuneatum,  1/3 ; 
Pcntstemon  linarloides,  9d. ;  Sedum  pilosum,  6d. ;  Lychnis 
alpina.  6d. ;  Haageana,  9d. ;  Artivrlghti,  1'-;  GypsopUla 
arctioides,  9d.— R.  TUCKER  *  SONS,  Nurserymen,  Oxford. 


THE    CLIFTON  POULTRY  FARM— Sittings. 

Pay-old  chicks;  best  laying  strains.  Breeds  kept:  W'hitf 
Wyandot  tcs.  ^Vhite  Leghorn^,  S.C.  Rhode  Island  Reds.  Light 
Sussex.— Write,  Manager,  Cliftoh  POULTRY  FARM,  ueaj 
Biggleswaae,  Beds. 


IV. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[February  5,  1921. 


M 


r— Y  J— r  J— r  i^»t  i— i  r. 


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PERFECT    SEED 


PROFITABLE  CROPS 

And  there  is  no  other  sure  road  to  this 
goal  ;:  ;:  All  the  thought  and  labour, 
time  and  money  expended  on  your 
Garden  is  so  much  waste  if  you  do 
not  take  the  precaution  of  sowing  seeds 
proved  to  be  perfect  by  the  most  modern 
scientific  tests. 

All  /tarticulars  of  our  spjcialiiics  in  Vegetiibls 
and  Flotcers  will  be  found  in  SUTTON'S 
GARDEN  SEED  CATALOGUE  for  1921.     Frc-i-. 


Ml(tmt^i 


CflCo 


THE    KINGS    SEEDSME.N, 

READING. 


a[— r  1— 1 1— r  g— 1 1—: 


M 


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rt 


RYDERS 

BROAD  BEANS 

BROADSWORD, 

is  the  finest  Long-pod  known.  It  is  free- 
cropping,  the  pods  are  long  and  straight  and 
the  beans  are  of  splendid  quality  ;  2/-  per  pint. 

GIANT    GREEN. 

An  uncommonly  long  free-cropping  green 
l-onfl-pod  of  high  quality  ;  '  -  per  pint. 

GIANT    WINDSOR. 

Our  selection  of  this  favourite  Bean  bears 
double  the  ordinary  crop  ;   1/-  per  pint. 

NETTLESHIP'S    PRIZE, 

A  grand  selection  of  this  well  known  delicately 
flavoured  variety  ;  I,-  per  pint. 

Ryders  New  Early  Peas 

FIRSTCOMER. 

The   Earliest    Early.      Has  all  the  merits  of 
Pilot,   hut   IS  ready  10  days  earlier;    height 
3ft.;  1/- to  2(- per  packet. 
UNRIVALLED. 

One   of  the   best   for  early  sowing.      Heavy 

cropping    and  fit  for  the  table   very    early. 

Pods  usually  in  pairs  ;  2/-  per  half  pint. 
LEADER. 

The   best  of    all    dwarf    Peas;    18ins.    hiuh. 

bushy,  very    early,    bears    large   compactly 

filled  pods  of  sweet  Havoured  peas:  'Z\-  per 

half  pint. 
RYDEKS  also  offer  the  best  of  the  stindard 
varieties  at  2,-,  and  in  some  cases  less,  per  pint. 
We  have  splendid  stocks  of  all  vegetable  and  fin-wer 
seeds  and,  in  consequence  of  our  perfect  org  <nisa- 
fton.  can  sell  the  Finest  Possible  Seeds— Seeds  True 
to  Name  and  of  High   Germinating  Percentage   at 

very  Low  Prices. 

All  orders  are  executed  the  diy  of  receipt  and  al| 

Seed  Orders  of  5/-  and  upwards  sent  carriage  paid 

ILLUSTRATED     CATALOGUE,     POST     FREE 

RYDERS,  Seed  Dept.  11,  ST.  ALBANS 


Everythin? 

PLANTS. 


(Ryder  &  Son  (WXi)  Ltd.) 
you    wa-'t     or  the  gar  en    from   Ryders -SEEDS 
BULBS.    POTATOES,    and    Sundries. 


Canary 

should    be     sown 

in  the  bottom  of 

the     drills     when 

plantinji  H  ozs   to 

the  square  yard), 

and    later,    \vhe.i 

the     tops     are 

through    the   soil,   a 

light  dressing  may  be 

■given.     Attention  should  also 

be  given  to  FruitTrees. Lawns. 

'     Flower    Beds,    Grape     Vines. 

I     and  all  throwing  crop-;.  Canary 

Guano  is  a  food  for  all  plant  life 

Cuofw 

Obtainable  from  all  Seedsmen  In 

Cartons.  l/-e.'ch;  Bags.  7  lb.  3/6 
14  lb.,  6/6;  28  lb.,  11/-; 
56  lb..  19  -:  I  cwt.,  ;S/- 
each ;  or  direct  from  tbe 
k  makers. 
"Write  for  Booklet  No.  11, 
containing  full  Particittars 
of  CctHiiry  Guano  -itith 
Garden    Diary,    post   free. 


Notes  From  Maidstone. 

PEACH  LEAF  CURL. 

The  fungus  causing  blister 
and  curl  of  the  leaves  of  the 
Peach,  Nectarine  and  allied 
trees  mil  be  familiar  to  all 
gardeners.  For  this  disease  it 
is  necessary  to  spray  before 
the  buds  open,  and  the  success 
of  Medela  as  a  specific  for 
preventing  attack  has  been  its 
own  recommendation,  and  it 
is  only  necessary  to  remind 
those  interested  to  obtain 
Medela  NOW,  before  the 
opportunity  for  spraying  has 
passed.  Medela  should  be 
diluted  I  part  to  i6  parts  soft 
water,  and  is  obtainable  only 
from  us  in  i  quart  cans,  3/-  ; 
J  gallon,  46  ;  i  gallon,  7/6  ; 
2  gallons,  126  ;   cans  free. 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


western:  COUNTIES    SEED   WAREHOUSES, 
BARNSTAPLE,     DEVON. 

23/24,     ROOD     LANE,     LONDON,     E.C.3. 
6,      OXFORD      CHAMBERS,      BRISTOL. 


SPECIALITY : 

TESTED  SEEDS  OF  HIGHEST! 
PURITY      &      GERMINATION.! 

Catalogues  sent  free. 


.^T^ii^X^G^ 


nm^ 


No.  2568.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[February  5,  1921. 


M 


ANY  of  the  Cotoneasters  described  by 
Mr.  Edwin  Beckett  in  this  issue  are 
of  the  greatest  value  and  importance 
in  the  planning  and  planting  of  new 
gardens.  The  genus  has  been  enriched 
during  recent  years  by  such  well  known  plant 
collectors  as  E.  H.  Wilson,  Forrest,  Kingdon 
Ward,  and  the  late  Reginald  Farrer.  Some  species, 
like  the  well  known  C.  frigida,  grow  into  specimen 
trees  and  add  lustre  to  the  landscape  by  virtue 
of  their  beautiful  clusters  of  fruits  in  autumn 
and  winter  ;  other  species,  such  as  C.  horizoutalis 
and  Danuneri,  are  low  growing  and  seen  at  their 
best  when  overhanging  rock  or  low  stone  walls. 
Cotoneaster  p  a  n  n  o  s  a, 
figured  on  page  65,  is 
still  confused  with  C. 
Franchetii  in  some  gar- 
dens. They  resemble 
each  other  in  elegance 
of  habit,  but  C.  pannosa 
has  duller  leaves  and 
fruits  of  deeper  red. 
A  Pink  for  the  Wall 

Top. — Dianthus  pluma- 
rius  has  been  referred  to 
as  the  "  father  of  all  the 
Pinks."  Here  in  the 
accompanying  illustra- 
tion it  is  seen  clothing  a 
rocky  boulder.  It  loves 
to  grow  over  a  stone 
wall  or  in  high  places  in 
a  rock  garden,  and  from 
such  a  position  its  masses 
of  flowers  fall  over  and 
are  seen  to  the  best 
advantage. 

The  Soil  for  Apples.— 
This  is  not  so  important  as 
many  think ;  indeed,  a 
stony  ground  is  often  the 
most  productive,  because 
such  a  soil  produces  short 
fruit-spurs  instead  of 
long  woody  growth.     This 

can  be  seen  in  some  of  the  big  market  growers' 
groimds  in  different  parts  of  the  country  where 
the  poor  soils  produce  fruit-buds,  and  when  the 
trees  fruit  heavily  each  year  these  market  growers 
top-dress  or  mulch  with  manure  each  season  to 
keep  the  tree  healthy  and  vigorous.  In  black, 
peaty  soils  wliich  generally  lack  lime  the  trees 
should  be  top-dressed  with  lime. 

Aconitum  chinense. — The  nomenclature  of 
Monkshoods  is  confusing  The  beautiful  plant 
illustrated  on  the  front  cover  of  this  issue  is  grown 
in  gardens  under  at  least  four  names — Aconitum 
autumnale,  A.  chinense,  A.  Fortunei  and  A. 
japonicum.     .\t    present,    however,    we    are    not 


concerned  so  much  with  the  name,  but  rather 
with  the  value  of  this  Monkshood  for  our  borders 
in  autumn.  A  sturdy  plant  growing  about 
3  feet  high,  it  has  ample  foliage  and  rich  dark 
violet-blue  flowers.  These  are  very  prettily 
hooded  and  have  plenty  of  substance  in  the 
individual  blossoms.  At  their  best  during 
September,  the  flowering  season  extends  into 
October.  Aconitums  thrive  in  sunny  and  partially 
shaded  positions.  They  are  best  in  a  good  holding 
soil,  which  is  rich  and  moist.  Few  plants  respond 
more  freely  to  deep  cultivation  of  the  soil  and 
liberal  manuring  of  the  ground.  Feeding  with 
liquid   manure   is   beneficial,    particularly  in  light 


DIANTHUS     PLUMARIUS     PERCHED     ON     A     ROCKY     BOULDER 


soil.       A.    chinense    is    figured     in   the   Botanical 
JIagazine,   tab.   3852, 

Buddleia  OfQcinalis. — The  very  severe  and 
almost  unprecedented  frost  that  fell  on  the  Riviera 
on  the  night  ''  December  16  has  brought  this 
shrub  into  unwonted  prominence.  Alone  among 
%vinter- flowering  shrubs,  this  Buddleia  is  flowering 
unharmed  among  the  wreck  of  all  the  shrubs 
that  we  count  upon  to  adorn  our  gardens  in  the 
winter  months.  There  are  several  varieties  of  this 
wooUy-leaved  shrub,  and  the  first  that  I  possessed 
had  such  small  and  dull-coloured  flowers  that  1 
hardly  thought  it  worth  growing  Seeing,  however, 
a  far  finer  form  in  a  friend's  garden,   that  gave 


bold  trusses  of  clear  lilac' flowers  with  a  yellow 
eye,  and  strongly  scented,  I  begged  cuttings, 
and  so  now  can  honestly  say  that  Buddleia  offici- 
nalis is  worth  a  place  in  any  garden  where  winter- 
flowering  shrubs  are  grown  for  winter  efect. 
Being  so  hardy,  it  would  be  well  worth  a  trial 
in    the    South    of    England — E.    H.    W. 

Mr.  Jordan.— We  are  all  very  sorry  to  learn 
that  Mr.  Jordan,  who  has  ceen  haU-keeper  to  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  ever  since  the  hall 
was  built,  has  entirely  broken  down  in  health  and 
the  doctors  say  will  never  be  able  to  work  again. 
Some  of  the  exhibitors  at  the  Hall  have  suggested 
that  they  would  like  to  jom  in  getting  up  a  purse 
of  money  to  be  presented 
to  him,  and  a  fund  is  now 
being  raised.  Contribu- 
tions should  be  made 
payable  to  Mr.  W.  R. 
Dykes  and  addressed  to 
Mr.  W.  E.  Bisset,  Royal 
Horticultural  Society, 
Vincent  Square,  West- 
minster, S.W.I. 

The  National  Dahlia 
Society.  —  The  annual 
general  meeting  of  this 
Society  was  held  at  the 
Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  headquarters, 
Westminster,  on  Tuesday, 
January  25,  to  receive  the 
committee's  report  and 
balance  sheet  for  the 
past  year  and  to  elect 
officers  for  the  ensuing 
year.  Mr.  Reginald  Long 
was  elected  president ; 
Mr.  Joseph  Cheal.V.MH., 
chairman  of  committee  ; 
Mr.  J.  Green,  treasurer ; 
and  Mr.  G.  Hillier,  sub- 
editor of  The  Garden, 
secretary.  All  communi- 
cations should  be  ad- 
dressed to   the  secretary, 

Mr.  G.  Hillier,  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 

Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 


February  7. — National  Chr>-santhemum  Society's 
Annual  Meeting.  Nottingham  and  Notts  Chry- 
santhemum Society's  Meeting. 

February  8. — Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Fortnightly  Meeting  and  Annual  General  Meeting. 
,\nnual  General  Meeting  of  the  Horticultural 
Club  at  the  Trocadero,  Piccadilly  Circus,  W., 
6.30  p.m. ;    a  dinner  will  be  held  after  the  meeting. 

February  g. — Royal  Gardeners'  Orphan  Fund, 
.\nnual  Mooting  at  Simpson's,  Strand,  W.C.  4  p.m. 


62 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  5,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


BOTANY     FROM     A    CHAR-A-BANCS. 

TT  gives  me  pleasure  and  almost  a  sense  of  relief 
to  know  that  my  "  impressionist "  remarks 
on  Cornwall  and  its  flora  have  not  on  the  whole 
offended  the  sensibilities  of  a  "  true  Cornishman  " 
like  Mr.  G.  Matthews,  who  criticises  my  statements 
(The  Garden,  January  22).  The  fact  that  I 
did  not  come  across  certain  plants  in  a  certain 
area  does  not,  of  course,  mean  that  they  do  not 
exist  in  that  area,  and  I  thought  I  had  taken 
care  not  to  imply  that  it  meant  this.  I  did  not, 
it  is  true,  find  Primroses  and  Sweet  Violets  in 
places  where  I  should  have  expected  to  find 
them.  It  was,  of  course,  the  flowerless  season 
for  these  plants,  though  I  think  I  should  have 
seen  them  had  they  been  where  I  was.  No  doubt, 
as  Mr.  Matthews  says,  they  may  be  seen  by  the 
thousand  if  one  chances  on  the  right  place,  which 
I  had  not  the  luck  to  do.  I  must  point  out  to 
Mr.  Matthews  that  I  did  not  claim  to  have  made 
"  extensive  plant-hunts  on  foot,"  but,  as  the 
context  makes  clear,  "  fairly  extensive "  for  the 
time  at  my  disposal.  I  spent  just  a  fortnight  in  the 
Duchy,  making  Penzance  my  base.  Mr.  Matthews 
has  spent  fivo  hundred  fortnights  in  Penzance,  and 
no  doubt  knows  five  hundred  times  better  than  I  do 
where  Primroses  and  Sweet  Violets  are  found  in 
plenty.  Still,  for  the  fortnight  I  took  "  fairly 
extensive  "  walks  in  the  neighbourhood — eastward 
in  the  direction  of  Marazion  (not  to  Gulval),  to 
the  north  and  west  of  the  town  in  the  Madron 
quarter,  in  the  St.  Just  direction  as  far  as 
Newbridge,  to  Newlyn  and  Mouseholc,  and  thence 
over  the  hill  to  Lamoma  and  so  on.  I  saw  no 
Wild  Roses  of  any  species  in  my  walks,  I  am 
sorry.     Better  lurk  next  time  ! — Somers. 

WANTED:    SWEETER    SWEET    PEAS. 

"DEADERS   have  every  reason  to  be  grateful  to 
the  Rev.  Joseph  Jacob,  "  Somers,"  and  others 
(The    Garden,   January  29),    who    have  written 
on  the  subject  of  Sweet  Peas  ;    but  I  am  one  of 
the   class    to    whom   the   former   refers    as    "  old 
fogies  or  curious  cranks."     I  have  not  the  very 
slightest   objection  to    be    so   stigmatised.     There 
was  once,  in  a  parable,  a  man  referred  to  as  "  this 
publican."     I  do  not  care  so  much  for  the  outward 
and  visible  show  of  my  Sweet   Peas  as  for  their 
inward  and  spiritual  scent.    I  order  my  seedsman 
to  supply  me  with  Sweet  Peas,  and  I  forbid  him 
to  include  one  of  the  flaunting   modern  Spencer 
type.     But  what  I  get  arc  not  in  my  opinion  half 
as  beautiful  as   those   I   used  to   grow  thirty  or 
forty  years   ago   and   certainly  nothing  like   half 
so   sweet.     Now   can   any   of   your   great   experts 
advise   me  what   sorts   to  order   witn   a   view   of 
getting    some    really    well-sceuted    varieties    next 
summer  ?     If     I     cannot     get     something     much 
better  and  sweeter  than  those  I  have  had  for  the 
ast  two  or  three  years  I  tliink  that  1  shall  cease 
to   find   room   for   so   unsatisfactory   a   flower.     I 
throw  myself  upon  the  mercy  of  your  Sweet  Pea 
scientists,    and   if  they  wiU  only   advise   me  well 
they  may   call  me   any   names   they  like. — John 
Edwards-iMoss,   Thamcsficld.  Henlcy-on-Thamca. 

REFLEXESTG    IN    DAFFODILS. 

T  H.A.VE  read  with  much  pleasure  the  letter 
from  the  facile  pen  of  "  Somers,"  which 
appeared  in  your  issue  of  January  15,  and  as 
it  happens  to  be  upon  a  subject  in  which  I  have 
always  been  deeply  interested,  I  venture  to  offer 
him,  for  what  it  is  worth,  my  congratulations  on 
the  strong  but  gentle  way  in  which  he  takes 
exception      to     the     expression     "  unfortunately 


inclined  to  go  back."  I  am  sorry  to  say  I  have 
not  seen  the  twelve  Daffodil  portraits  published 
in  the  report  of  the  Midland  Daffodil  Society, 
but  I  have  seen  many  flowers  in  the  flesh  of  Crimson 
Braid,  and  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  them 
under  different  cultural  conditions  and  cannot 
call  to  mind  a  single  flower  which  has  appeared 
to  me  to  be  unduly  inclined  to  "  go  back."  Might 
I  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  types  of  the  Daffodil  family  owe  their 
charm  entirely  to  their  exquisite  reflex  ;  indeed, 
they  would  be  nothing  without  it.  The  variety 
in  question  is  undoubtedly  very  distantly  descended 
from  Poeticus,  so  if  some  of  the  flowers  have  a 
tendency  to  show  a  profile,  it  cannot  be  wondered 
at,  neither  can  it  be  wrong.  Perhaps  the  man 
who  photographed  Crimson  Braid  was  of  a 
highly  artistic  turn  of  mind  and  wanted  a  photo- 
graph showing  a  fine  profile,   and  so,  to  suit  his 


A    HEAVY   CROP    OF    FRUIT    ON    A    STANDARD 
LANGLEY    BULLACE    TWO     YEARS     AFTER 
PLANTING. 

own  fanc^-,  he  gently  pushed  those  rich,  leathery 
petals  back  a  wee  trifle.  I  rem:-mber  some  years 
ago  putting  up  a  superb  collection  of  Daffodils 
for  a  well  known  raiser  and  grower  of  these 
beautiful  flowers,  and  I  shall  never  forget  the 
fright  the  exhibitor  got  when  he  arrived  upon  the 
scene  and  discovered  I  had  taken  the  unwarrant- 
able liberty  of  casting  measurements  and  mathe- 
matics to  the  four  winds  and  arranging  them 
naturally,  showing  profile  in  every  case  that 
called  for  it  and  even  the  shy  but  beautiful  drooping 
habit  of  those  that  Nature  had  made  that  way. 
The  group  in  question  took  a  "  gold,"  so  I  was 
forgiven  and  my  financial  reward  was  augmented, 
but  I  never  put  up  another  group  for  him. — 
R.  F.  Felton. 


LANGLEY     BULLACE.  | 

nPHE  accompanying  illustration  depicts  a  standard 
tree,  two  years  planted,  which  shows  the 
value  of  this  BuUace  for  early  fruiting.  I  have 
long  advocated  its  use  for  supplying  fruit  in 
quantity.  In  point  of  quality,  for  jam  or  bottling, 
this  Bullacc  has  no  superior,  such  excellent  flavour 
it  has.  For  the  small  garden  I  advise  a  standard 
tree  wherever  possible,  as  I  know  the  benefit 
such  a  fruit  is  for  this  type  of  cultivator. — E.  M. 

THE    MILD    SEASON. 

nPHE  weather  in  January  has  been  so  mild  that 
to-day  (24th)  I  saw  forty  or  fifty  of  the 
little  Hutchinsia  petra;a  in  bloom  on  limestone 
screes  close  to  Bristol.  Several  plants  were 
2  inches  high,  with  five  or  six  heads  in  flower 
and  with  some  seed-capsules  already  formed. 
But  most  of  the  seedlings  are  as  yet  mere  rosettes 
of  bright  green  leaves.  Last  year  this  rare  and 
tiny  Crueifer,  with  the  smallest  of  flowers,  appeared 
on  February  12,  which  was  early  enough,  for 
most  of  the  books  speak  of  its  flowering  from 
.March  to  May.  On  January  4  I  saw  a  Hazel 
in  full  bloom  between  Gunnersbury  and  Kew. — 
H.  S.  Thompson. 

T  HEAR  from  a  correspondent  in  Guernsey 
that  Golden  Spur  Daffodils  were  picked 
there  in  the  open  on  January  20.  Here  in  Maelor 
I  had  the  ordinary  Dutch  yellow  Crocus  in  bloom 
on  January  21  in  the  narrow  border  at  the  foot  of 
a  south  wall,  where  the  Steirnbergias  and  three 
bulbs  of  Nerine  Bowdenii  are.  I  had  one  poor 
flower-head  from  these  latter  last  autumn. — • 
Joseph  Jacob. 

APPLES. 

■yUK    view    of    Mr.    W.    J.    Farmer    (page   40), 
apparently   shared    by   others,    that    "  if    an 
apple  is  not  good  to  eat  raw  it  is  not  good  cooked," 
5\ircly  would  not  accord  with  the  general  consensus 
of    opinion    upon    the    matter !      The    Fruit    and 
Vegetable  Committee  of  the   Royal  Horticultural 
Society  on  February  i5,  1915,  tried  some  eighteen 
varieties  of   cooked   culinary   Apples   and   was   of 
the  opinion  that  Hanwell  Souring  and  Edward  VII, 
among  others,  were  varieties  of  superior  merit,  and 
that  Wellington  was  the  best  variety  tried.     Now 
neither  of  these  appeal  to  the  general  taste  as  a 
dessert  Apple.    Granted  that  there  are  Apples,  such 
as  Newton  Wonder,  that  are  regarded  as  cooking 
Apples  and  yet  in  their  season  are  by  no  means  to 
be  despised  for  eating  raw,  yet  this  is  accidental 
and  one  bears  no  relationship  to  the  other.     To 
my    mind   there    are   two    distinct    standards    by 
which    dessert    and    culinary    Apples    should    be 
judged   and  it   is    quite   unnecessary   to   seek   to 
establish  any  correlation  between  them.    In  fact,  I 
would  almost  assert  that  for  an  Apple  to  be  suitable 
for  both  pui-poses  is  to  proclaim  it  to  be  hardly 
first  class  for  either  purpose  and  never  first  class 
for  both.     It  should  be  the  aim  of  all  who  can  to 
so  arrange  the  supply  of  Apples  that  varieties  follow 
in  their  proper  season.     This  is   not  emphasised 
sufficiently  respecting  culinary  Apples,  many  being 
used,  quite  unnecessarily,  out  of  season. — Thomas 
Bones,    Junior,    Cheshiint,   Herts. 

SUTTON'S    GREEN-TOP    BEET. 

ANOTHER  trial  of  this  Beet  has  convinced 
those  who  have  eaten  it  that  no  better- 
flavoured  kind  has  ever  been  sent  to  the  table. 
It  had  the  rare  honour  of  receiving  a  first-class 
certificate  from  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
in  igry.  The  foliage  is  green,  not  purple,  but 
the  roots  are  admirable  in  form  and  good  in  colour. 
The  seeds  are  not  sown  in  this  cold  district  until 
the  first  week  in  May. — J.  G.  W.,  Banfjshire. 


February  5,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


63 


THE    R\T)ER    POPPIES. 

'pHESE  arc,  I  think,  rightly  described  as  "  the 
most  beautiful  Poppies  in  the  world."  I 
have  tried  many  of  the  Shirley  type,  but  have 
found  none  at  any  price  to  please  me  as  well  as 
these.  They  are  as  "  artistic  "  as  the  ordinary 
Shirley,  but  superior  all  round  and  infinitely 
varied. — Cornubian. 

FREESIAS. 

OE  the  Rev.  Joseph  Jacob's  fears  about  his 
Frcesias,  may  I  say  that  mine  are  better  this 
year  than  usual,  though  I  must  confess  that  they 
were  things  in  which  I  practised  economy  and  for 
five  years  I  purchased  no  new  bulbs.  Every  year  the 
same  old  friends  and  their  off-spring  have  presented 
me  with  a  wealth  of  flowers.  I  do  not  know  if  you 
would  care  for  a  list  of  flowers  now  out  in  the  garden 
here.  Aconites,  Snowdrops,  Crocuses,  St.  Brigid 
Anemones  (in  profusion).  Iris  stylosa.  Polyanthus, 
Cyclamen  Coum,  Veronica  (with  the  long  blue 
flower  spikes),  Lonicera  fragrantissima  and 
L.  Standishii,  yellow  Jasmine,  Pyrus  japonica, 
Wallflower,  Erica  camea  and  E.  mediterranea.  Of 
Roses  there  are  blooms  of  Lady  Pirrie,  Mme.  M^lanie 
Soupcrt,  Laurent  Carle  and  General  Jacqueminot, 
and  in  the  wood,  stems  of  Primula  japonicas  about 
6  inches  high  and  blooming  gaily. — E.  Byng  of 
ViMV.  Thorpe  Hall,  Thorpe-le-Soken,  Essev. 

A     DISH     O'     D'ARCY. 

"  The   Apple   of   Apples,"  so   called,   by   J.   T. 
Bennett-Fog,  V.IW.H.,  November  6,   1920. 

"  The  Apple  of  Apples." 
We  came  from  a  tree  of  fifty  feet  high. 

Whose  branches  expand  forty-five, 
Our  blossoms  were  poems  beneath  the  blue  sky, 
Set  to  music  by  bees  from  the  hive. 

— H.   C.    P. 

AUTUMN    COLOURING    ON    A    CHALK 
SOIL. 

■VXTITH  reference  to  Mr.  Heatley  Noble's  article  in 
your  issue  of  December  25th,  r920,  "  .Autumn 
Colouring  on  a  Chalk  Soil,"  and  asking  for  further 
suggestions,  I  have  the  undermentioned  Japanese 
Maples  growing  in  a  chalky  loam,  with  manure 
added.  A  few  have  been  planted  in  a  lawn,  the 
subsoil  of  which  is  entirely  chalk,  beds  having  been 
made  about  2  feet  deep  and  filled^ with  soil  as 
above,  with  good  results.  The  varieties  are : 
.\cer  palmatum  atropurpureum,  A.  p.  roseo- 
marginatum,  A.  p.  versicolor,  A.  p.  disscctum 
purpureum,  A.  japonicura  atrosanguincum,  A.  j. 
aureum. — H.  Hanchet,  Piirley. 

EFFECTS     OF     FROST. 

npHE  sharp  spell  of  frost  which  visited  us  about 
mid-December,  during  which  22°  were 
registered,  had  some  curious  effects.  Some  shrubby 
Veronicas  of  the  large-flowered  kinds  were  killed. 
We  also  lost  a  fine  specimen  of  Dcndromccon 
rigidum  which  was  8  feet  high  and  had  survived 
the  severity  of  the  spring  of  1917.  An  old-estab- 
lished clump  of  Romneya  Coulteri  looks  as  though 
it  has  surrendered,  and  many  shrubby  Salvias, 
Carpentaria,  Daboecia?  and  even  Genistas  are  in  a 
sorry  state.  Yet,  in  positions  tXat  were  entirely 
devoid  of  shelter,  Cistuses  Gatmtletti,  purpureus, 
crispus,  albidus  and  Helianthemumformosum,  were 
scarcely  singed.  The  glossy  green  foliage  of  Rosa 
sinica  Anemone  is  quite  unharmed,  while  that  of 
most  of  the  rambler  set  is  as  if  browned  by  fire. 
Escallonias  even  E.  Philippiana,  were  untouched, 
and  though  Fabiana  imbricata  weathered  the  ordeal 
quite  successfully.  Erica  australis  suffered  consider- 
ably and  even  E.  cili.tris  has  not  escaped.  Veronica 
rhathamica  has  "  gone  west,"  but  some  yotmg 
plants  of  the  deep  maroon  Diplacus  glutinosus 
growing  alongside  are  safe. — A.  T.  J.,  .V.  Wales. 


How   to    Promote    Potato    Competitions 

What    Gardening  Societies  could  do    to  Encourage  Better 
Cultivation  and  the  Use  of  the   Most   Suitable  Varieties. 


THERE  is  no  doubt  about  it;  there 
will  be  many  tons  of  Potatoes  planted 
by  private  persons  during  this  spring. 
But  will  the  crop  obtained  compensate 
for  the  labour  or  pay  back  the  cost  ? 
That  is,  indeed,  a  different  matter.  Many  men 
have  told  me  during  the  last  few  months  that 
their  idea  of  Potato  planting  is  to  "  just  stick  in 
the  spuds  and  leave  Nature  to  do  the  rest." 

This  haphazard  way  of  Potato  planting  will 
not  do  in  these  days  of  dear  living  and  at  a 
time  when  every  pound  of  Potatoes  produced 
will  be  very  valuable.  A  more  remunerative 
manner  of  producing  this  crop  must  be  found. 
Folks  will  have  to  feel  an  interest  in  their  Potato 
plants  such  as  they  have  never  previously  felt. 
Good  culture  should  be  the  rule  of  every  man, 
but  how  to  induce  him  to  do  his  best  by  his 
Potato  patch  is  the  problem  we  have  yet  to  solve. 
And  it  can  be  solved,  and  solved  easily.  No 
man  will  refuse  to  do  his  best  by  his  Potato  patch 
if  it  is  made  worth  his  while  to  do  his  best.  .A.nd 
to  make  it  worth  his  while  we  shall  have  to  promote 


the  date  after  which  no  person  may  plant  Potatoes. 
These  dates  will  range  from  early  April  to  the  end 
of  May,  according  to  the  district.  Another  rule 
should  say  for  what  the  prizes  will  be  awarded : 
the  heaviest  crop  from  a  named  area  of  land  and 
from  a  named  weight  of  seed,  or  the  biggest 
Potatoes  from  any  area  of  land.  I  suggest  the 
former,  and  I  would  not  advise  more  than  30J 
square  yards  (r  rod)  of  land  being  allowed  for 
every  half  stone  of  tubers.  We  do  not  want  to 
encourage  useless  extravagance  in  land,  and  the 
margin  given  is  generous.  Another  rule  should 
say  the  amount  of  money  the  society  allows  each 
competitor  to  spend  on  artificial  fertilisers,  and  it 
seems  to  me  that  rs.  or  rs.  6d.  per  square  rod 
per  season  would  be,  in  practically  all  cases, 
ample.  Another  rule  should  fix  the  date  for 
lifting  the  crop,  sufficient  margin  being  allowed 
for  the  variance  of  the  season.  As  most  of  the 
people  will  have  purchased  their  varieties,  a  rule 
should  be  made  allowing  men  to  plant  whatever 
sort  they  consider  best. 

Having  had  this  meeting,   the  promoter  should 


A     DISH     OF     d'ARCY     SPICE     APPLES. 


Potato  planting  or  growing  competitions  all  over 
England.  "  How  to  do  it — that's  the  trouble." 
Not  at  all.  There  is  usually  no  difficulty,  at 
least  I  have  found  none,  and  I  hope  the  following 
notes  may  be  useful  to  any  persons  who  feel 
inclined  to  promote  these  competitions. 

AU  over  the  country  there  are  allotment  gar- 
deners' societies,  and  it  is  for  these  societies  to 
take  the  matter  up  immediately,  under  the  leader- 
ship of  their  own  president  or  some  prominent 
and  energetic  outside  personage.  If  it  is  the 
Lord  Mayor,  Mayor,  Provost,  Laird  or  any  man 
with  real  power,  so  much  the  better.  The  first 
thing  to  do  is,  if  possible,  to  have  a  meeting  to 
speak  to  the  members  on  the  subject  and  to  urge 
as  many  as  possible  to  enter.  I  f  this  is  not  possible, 
then  printed  papers  should  be  pasted  on  to  the 
notice  boards  on  the  society's  allotments  or  sent 
round  by  post  to  the  members.  A  closing  date 
should  be  fixed  for  entries,  and  some  simple 
conditions  brought  up  at  the  meeting  or  laid 
down  on  the  circ.ilar,  to  which  every  competitor 
must  comply. 

One  of  these  rules  should  certainly  say  if  sets 
are  to  be  planted  whole  or  cut,  and  if  cutting  is 
allowed,  into  how  many  pieces  a  20Z.  or  30Z. 
set  may  be  divided.  Another  rule  should,  I  think, 
give  two  dates,  the  first  to  be  the  date  before 
which  no  competitor   may  plant,  and   the  second 


get  the  local  paper  to  put  in  a  note  on  the  compe- 
tition and  later  on  insert  a  picture  of  the  first 
competitor  planting  his  Potatoes.  During  the 
planting  weeks  members  of  the  committee  of  the 
society,  as  well  as  the  promoters  of  the  compe- 
tition, should  frequently  visit  the  allotments, 
which  should  also  be  inspected  at  intervals  during 
the  growing  season,  for  the  sake  of  assurance  that 
the  rules  are  being  obeyed. 

When  the  lifting  day  comes  it  is  desirable  that 
the  Potatoes  be  lifted  in  the  presence  of  the  com- 
mittee and  promoter  and  weighed.  No  "  chats" 
ought  to  be  added,  since  these  are  useless  for 
human  consumption.  ,\ny  dispute  should  be 
settled  by  an  outside  referee. 

If  there  is  anything  which  prevents  folks  from 
competing  it  is  a  long  string  of  strict  conditions. 
The  conditions  above  are  simple  enough  and  few 
in  number,  and  if  generous  prizes  are  offered  and 
no  annoyances,  such  as  entrance  or  registration 
fees,  imposed,  there  should  be  no  dearth  of 
entries. 

1 1  is  not  too  late  to  start  work  in  this  direction, 
but  a  beginning  should  be  made  as  soon  as  possible. 
If  a  Potato  contest  could  be  arrange!  in  every 
district  this  year  it  would  raise  the  crops  to 
12  tons  per  acre.  Folks  would  do  their  best 
if  it  was  made  worth  their  while,  and  I  can  sec  no 
reason  whv  it  should  not  be.  Pioxeer. 


64 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  5,  192 1. 


Berried   Shrubs   of  Uncommon   Beauty 

This  article  describes  the  best  of  the  Cotoneasters,  many  of  which  are  newly  introduced  to  this  country. 
Some  species  grow  into  specimen  trees,  while  others  of  trailing  habit  are  at  home  in  the  rock  garden. 

By     EDWIN     BECKETT,     V.M.H. 


OF  the  many  families  comprising  the 
order  Rosacea;  I  doubt  if  there  is 
one  that  can  lay  claim  to  so  many 
decorative  virtues  or  utility  at  the 
present  season  of  the  year  as  does  the 
subject  of  these  notes.  At  Aldenham,  where  we 
can  claim  to  successfully  grow  many  treasures, 
the  Cotoneasters  are  a  very  distinct  and  out- 
standing feature  in  the  various  portions  of  the 
gardens  and  grounds,  and  we  have  made  the 
freest  use  possible  of  the  various  species  and 
varieties,  with  their  great  diversity  of  habit  and 
appearance,  and  when  it  is  considered  that  we  have 
upwards  of  half  a  hundred  named  species  and 
varieties,  not  to  mention  scores  that  at  present 
hide  their  true  identities  under  the  numbers  allotted 


beauty,  but,  ot  course,  it  is  the  fruit  that  comprises 
the  real  beauty  of  the  species  in  the  majority  of 
cases,  being  mostly  bright  red  in  colour,  chiefly 
borne  in  bunches  of  greater  or  lesser  dimensions, 
though  in  a  few  cases  their  colour  is  yellow,  and  in 
one  or  two  instances  black,  or  nearly  so. 

Very  fine  introductions  have  been  made  during 
recent  years  by  the  various  collectors,  such  as 
Messrs.  E.  H.  Wilson,  Forrest,  Kingdon  Ward, 
Cooper  and  the  late  Reginald  F'arrer,  though  of 
this  group  I  am  disposed  at  present  to  plump  for 
the  first  named  as  that  of  the  man  who  has 
sent  us  the  best  representatives  of  the  race  so 
far.  This  opinion,  is,  perhaps,  formulated 
owing  to  the  fact  that,  Mr.  Wilson  being  an  early 
starter,  wc  have,  to  date,  seen  the  best  results  from 


COTONEASTER    HENRYANA,   WITH    FRUITS    OF    A    BROWN    TONE    OF    RED    ON    PENDULOUS 

BRANCHES. 


to  them  by  various  collectors,  it  can  well  be 
imagined  that  it  is  no  small  task  to  have  distributed 
them  with  sufficient  care  to  enable  each  to  be  seen 
as  nearly  at  its  best  as  posrible,  and  yet  avoid  a 
clash  of  them  all  in  such  a  way  as  would  give  one 
an  impression  of  a  regiment  of  Cotoneasters. 

It  is  a  widespread  family,  and  has  been 
introduced  into  this  country  from  such  different 
locations  as  South-Eastern  Europe,  Turkestan 
and  Asia  Minor,  the  vast  snow-clad  ranges  of  the 
Himalayas  (from  whence  have  come  some  of  the 
most  beautiful),  thence  via  Thibet,  through  the 
various  provinces  of  China  and  on  to  Manchuria 
and  Siberia. 

Not  remarkable  for  their  beauty  at  the  flowering 
period,  yet  in  good  seasons  they  are  in  mrny 
cases  decidedly  pretty  and  have  a  charming 
effect  when  the  bimches  of  small  flowers,  mostly 
snowy  white,  though  in  a  few  cases  pale  pink, 
are  fully  open.  Foliage  can,  however,  claim  higher 
mead  of  appreciation,  many  of  the  species  being 
evergreen   or   sub  evergreen,    and   ot   considerable 


his  efforts  owing  to  the  plants  raised  from  the  seeds 
he  sent  home  having  for  the  most  part  a  few 
years  seniority  over  those  of  the  others. 

Various  habits  were  earlier  referred  to  in  these 
notes,  and  a  brief  explanation  of  this  is,  perhaps, 
called  for.  I  purpose  dealing  a  little  further  on 
more  descriptively  with  the  sorts  that  are  probably 
the  best  of  the  group,  but  for  a  moment  would 
generalise  from  the  point  of  \'iew  of  their  differing 
characteristics  of  growth.  Here  at  Aldenham, 
Cotoneasters  will  be  foimd  in  bush  shape,  forming 
beautiful  beds  in  that  part  of  the  garden  known 
as  the  Wilderness,  while  near  by  will  be  found 
other  beds,  in  which  are  growing  plants  which  have 
a  creeping  habit  of  growth.  In  other  parts  of  the 
gi'ounds  will  be  discovered  specimens  which  have 
been  worked  as  standards  and  which  now  form  small 
trees,  some  upright  in  growth,  while  others  have  a 
beautiful  pendulous  or  drooping  habit  Some  will 
be  discovered  as  large  or  small  shrubs,  carefully 
kept  in  check  and  good  shapes  induced  by  expert 
pruning;  while  in  the  rock  garden  and  on  various 


rocky  headlands  situated  along  the  course  of  the 
ornamental  waters,  others  will  be  seen  growing 
that  have  a  beautiful  trailing  and  carpeting  method 
of  growth,  and  these  latter  will  also  be  found  on 
the  edges  of  the  large  clumps  of  ornamental  trees 
and  shrubs.  One  last  feature  must  not  be  forgotten, 
and  that  is  where  they  are  employed  for  decorative 
work  on  the  "  Rooteries"  or  masses  of  portions 
of  roots,  and  even  whole  tree  roots,  which  have 
carefully  been  set  up  as  a  wandering  ground 
for  some  of  the  more  rambling  and  coarse-growing 
subjects,  such  as  various  Rubus  and  Polygonums, 
and  in  this  portion  of  the  grounds  the  Cotoneasters 
are  employed  in  the  form  of  good-sized  standards. 
It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  what  a  variety  of 
uses  can  be  found  for  the  employment  of  the 
various  Cotoneasters,  and  the  following  descrip- 
tions, together  with  illustrations,  will  convey  an 
even  better  impression  of  the  differing  forms.  The 
first  species  that  claims  attention  is  undoubtedly 

C.  frigida. — -introduced  nearly  a  century  ago 
from  the  Himalayas,  it  is  still  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  berried  shrubs  or  trees  yet  known. 
In  this  instance  we  have  been  able  to  "  paint  the 
Lily,''  inasmuch  as  it  has  been  our  fortune  to  raise 
an  extra  fine  form  known  as  C.  frigida  var.  Vicarii 
(after  the  Hon.  Vicary  Gibbs),  and  in  this  variety 
we  have  attained  larger  berries  than  the  type, 
produced  in  bigger  bunches  and  more  freely,  and 
with  this  has  been  obtained  a  finer  and  larger 
foliage.  This  variety  gained  an  award  of  merit 
at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  meeting  on 
November  3rd  this  year,  and  the  trees  of  it  are  a 
wonderful  sight  at  the  present  time,  literally  one 
mass  of  berries,  bright  red  in  colour.  There  is  a 
yellow  fruited  variety  of  C  frigida  which  has  been 
given  the  varietal  name  of  fructu-luteo.  but  we 
cannot  claim  to  have  this  growing  here.  Most  of 
our  trees  of  C.  f.  Vicarii  are  of  good  height  now, 
being  about  rj  feet  to  20  feet,  and  this  is  one  of 
of  the  sorts  growing  on  the  Rootery,  in  the 
gardens. 

The  ne.\t  variety  which  calls  for  mention  is 
one  which  gained  a  similar  award  on  the  same  day 
as  the  foregoing,   viz.  . 

C.  salicifolia  var.  floccosa. — One  of  the 
daintiest  of  all  the  family,  it  has  a  very  pretty 
arching  habit  with  its  long  slender  growths,  while 
its  foliage  is  also  of  beauty,  being  glossy  green  above 
with  a  white  or  rather  whitish  grey  beneath. 
The  fruit  is  also  very  handsome,  about  the  size 
of  a  Pea,  bright  red  in  colour  and  carried  in  fair 
sized  bunches  along  the  length  of  the  branches. 
The  habit  of  the  plant  is  to  form  a  good-sized  shrub, 
and  the  one  at  Aldenham  has  now  attained  a 
height  of  about  8  feet.  It  was  discovered  by 
Mr.  Wilson  in  Western  Szechuan  in  1908  and 
again  in  1910,  and  is  a  great  addition  to  the  group. 

Closely  allied  to  this  is  its  fellow  variety, 
C.  salicifolia  rugosa,  the  chief  differences  being 
the  latter  variety  having  larger  leaves,  rather 
larger  fruit,  but  slightly  less  in  quantity  and  coral 
red  in  colour,  and  being  an  altogether  more  robust 
and  vigorous  grower  than  C.  s.  floccosa.  This  was 
also  a  discovery  of  Mr.  Wilson's  in  1907,  being 
found  in  the  Province  of  Western  Hupch,  China. 

C.  Henr'  ana  is  another  of  our  gems.  Discovered 
by  the  same  intrepid  adventurer  in  Western  Hupeh 
in  1907,  it  is  similar  in  appearance  to  the  previous 
species,  but  has  much  larger  leaves,  slightly  downy 


February  5,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


65 


on  the  top  and  wool-covered  beneath,  the  fruit 
being  of  a  brown  tone  of  red,  rather  than  bright 
or  coral  red  ;  while  another  distinguishing  feature  is 
the  more  sparse  growth  of  its  pretty  pendulous 
branches. 

C.  bullata,  a  vai'iety  which  we  gi-ow  freely, 
is  one  that  is  well  worthy  of  cultivation  on  account 
of  its  fruiting  propensities,  which  set  in  clusters 
of  bright  red  berries  freely  along  the  branches. 
Of  flower  or  foliage  little  need  be  said,  as  neither 
would  cause  a  second  look  on  account  to  their 
beauty.  It  is  a  native  of  Thibet  and  Western 
China,  and  forms  a  tall  shrub,  but  with  a  little  care 
it  can  be  worked  as  a  standard,  and  thus  forms 
a  small  growing  tree. 

C.  bacillaris,  another  tall-growing  shrub 
which  can  be  induced  to  form  a  tree,  is  related  to 
C.  frigida,  and  is  probably  the  most  beautiful  of 
the  race  from  a  flowering  point  of  view,  but  what 
it  gains  in  this  direction  it  sacrifices  with  regard 
to  its  fruit,  for  the  berries,  though  plentiful, 
are  not  so  gay,  being  nearly  black,  of  a  deep  brown 
or  purple  brown  tone.  It  is  a  pretty  plant  from 
its  habit  of  growth  owing  to  its  branches  curving 
outwards  and  then  falling  slightly  pendulous. 
Its  native  home  is  well  up  on  the  higher  slopes  of 
the  Himalayas.  Closely  allied  to  it  and  C.  frigida 
is  another  species — C.  affinis — also  from  the  same 
locality,  which  was  introduced  soon  after  its  last- 
named  relative  (in  1828).  This  species  has  similar 
fruit  to  C.  bacillaris,  but  the  foliage  approximates 
to  that  of  C.  frigida. 

A  few  other  of  the  taller-growing  varieties  that 
we  prize  here  are  C,  acuminata  of  the  Himalayas  ; 
C.  Franchetii  from  Western  China  and  1  hibet,  with 
its    pretty   foliage,    downy   when    young,    and   its 
orange-shaded  red  fruit ;     C.   multiflora,   a  native 
of  China,  which  is  a  good  flowering  species  ;     C. 
pannosa,    a    native    of    Yunnun,    which    is    very 
similar  in  appearance  to  C.   Franchetii ;     and    C. 
Zabelil,  which  was  sent  home  by  Mr.  Wilson  from 
Western  Hupeh  in  1907  and  again  in  1910.     Also 
I   must  specially  mention  that  fine  old  favourite, 
C.  Simonsii,  known  for  so  many  years  in  British 
gardens,   and  still  worthy  of  ranking  among  the 
best    of    them.      We    have    a  very  fine  specimen 
at     Aldenham     which     measures     no     less     than 
14   feet  high  with   a 
spread     of    approxi- 
mately     32      feet. 
In  good  seasons  this 
species    will  produce 
fruit    nearly  half  an 
inch  in  diameter. 

So  much  for  the 
tall-growing  species  ; 
now  for  a  few  of  the 
smaller  bush  forms. 
C.  Dielsiana. 
This  is  an  extremely 
pretty  bush  in  these 
gardens ,  and  is  a 
species  which  was 
introduced  from 
Western  Hupeh  by 
Mr.  Wilson  for 
Messrs.  Veitch  -in  iqno  and  again  during  the 
Arnold  Arboretum  lixpedition  in  1907.  It  is 
often  grown  in  gardens  under  a  synonymous  name 
— C.  applanata — which  refers  to  the  peculiar  habit 
of  growth,  the  branchlets  spreading  in  two  ranks 
in  direct  line  from  the  branches,  and  giving  a 
fan-like  appearance  to  the  whole,  a  feature  also 
marked  in  some  of  the  other  species.  It  is  a  very 
effective- looking -bush,  and  even  more  dainty  is  its 
variety,  C.  Dielsiana  elegans,  which  was  discovered 
in  Western  Szechuan  by  Mr.  Wilson  in  1908. 

C.  horiZDntalis  (syn.  C.  Davidiana),  a  low- 
growing  Chinese  shrub,  is  especially  worthy  of 
mention    at    the    present    time.     This    we    have 


growing   at   Aldenham   in   large   beds,    and    their 
present  coloiu:  almost  baffles  description,  being  one 
sheet  of  dull  deep  red,   almost  as    though    huge 
sheets  of  tarnished  copper  had  been  cast  on  the 
ground.     This   species   also   has   the   peculiar  dis- 
tichous or  fan-like  habit  of  branching.     There  is  an 
interesting  variety  with  smaller  leaves  known  as 
C.    h.    perpusilla,    which    Mr.    Wilson    discovered 
growing   on   open   stretches   of   rocky   ground   in 
Western  Hupeh,  both  in  1900  and  1907,  but  which 
he   considers   to   be   merely   a   climatic   variation. 
This    variety   has    kept    its  character 
fairly  well  at  .Aldenham,  but,  as  Messrs. 
Rehler  and   Wilson  cautioned  in    the 
Plantar     Wilsonana?,   seedlings    raised 
from  it  have  been  found  to  revert  to 
the  typical    form.   Somewhat    similar 
to  these  is 

C.  adpressa,   a  dwarf-growing  bush 
with   a  spreading  habit.     It  is  a  stiff. 


COTONEASTER     PANNOSA. 

The  deep   red  fruits  are  freely  home  on  slender 

arching   sprays. 

close-growing  little  thing,  and  proves  useful  in 
rock  girdens  ;  this,  though  not  introduced  firstly 
by  him,  was  also  found  by  .Mr.  Wilson  growing 
in  Western  Szechuan.  One  of  the  most  hand- 
some   of   the   smaller  bushes  is 

C.  divaricata,  first  found  by  Professor  .\,  Hem y 
jU    Western   Szechuan   in   his    travels   about    18S7, 


and  later  by  Mr.  Wilson  duruag  igoo  and  1907 
in  the  Province  of  Western  Hupeh.  Not  unlike 
C.  Simonsii  at  first  glance,  yet  when  they  are 
closely  compared  considerable  difference  is  at  once 
noticed.  It  has  small,  effective,  glossy  green  foliage 
and  is  a  good  fruiting  species,  though  somewhat 
sparse,  its  berries  being  oval  in  shape  and  of  a 
duU  red  in  colour. 

C.  Harroviana  is  another  most  excellent  species 
for   which   we   have   to   thank   the   two  explorers 
just  named,  and  is  an  evergreen  with  free-flowering 
habits,    followed    by 
bright  red  fruit      An 
interesting        species 
discovered    by      Mr. 
Wilson     in    W'estern 
Szechuan  in  1910  is 
C.   nitens. — It    is 
very    closely   related 
to  C.  divaricata,  but 
^^^^  has  almost  black  fruit 

'^     — f^y  aJ^^^^  ^^  against  the  latter' s 

fOr^  \  i     J^^atev^  red  fruit. 

/  \  ,    V^^S^^ra?*^  Of  the  Cotoneasters 

which  have  a  creep- 
i  n  g  habit  which 
makes  them  so  useful 
as  adjuncts  to  a  well- 
kept  rock  garden 
there  is  little  doubt 
that 

C.  Dammeri,    and 
its  variety    radicans, 
take  the  lead.  Hand- 
some   in   foliage  and 
with       oval-shaped 
bright  red  fruit,  they 
look    very   charming 
overhanging   rock   as 
they     are     so     often 
found  in  their  native 
haunts,     the    former 
coming  from  Western 
Hupeh  and  the  latter 
from    Western    Sze- 
chuan,    and     were 
both    introduced    by 
.Mr    Wilson — C.   Dammeri  in  1900   and  1907,  and 
its    variety    in    1906.       The   variety    is    probably 
found  in  British  gardens  mostly  under   the  name 
of   C.    humifusa,  under  which  name  it  appeared  in 
the  "  Hortus  Veitchii"  in   1906.     Another   species 
which  is  exceptionally  useful  in  a  rock  garden  is 
C.    congesta. — This   forms    a    dense   carpet    of 
stiff,     long,     whip-like    branches,    growing    along 
the  surface  of  the  ground,  and  very  closely  clad 
with   tufts  of  small  oval-shaped  leaves.     Though 
frequently   found    in    gardens    bearing    the   name 
C.  pyrenaica,  it  is  really  a  native  of  the  Himalayas. 
Its   dense  habit  is   admirably    displayed  in    the 
specimen   plants  grown     in    the   .\ldenham    rock 
garden. 

C.  thymifolia,  also  gleaned  from  the  high  reaches 
of  the  Himalayas,  is  another  rock  garden  gem, 
being  a  most  eft'ective-looking  creeping  plant, 
with  dark  green,  narrow,  shiny  leaves,  carrying 
pink- tinted  white  flowers  which  are  succeeded  by 
small,  bright  red  fruits. 

C.  microphylla  is  another  species  I  must  refer 
to.  This  I  remember  as  long  as  any,  and,  incident- 
ally, it  was  the  first  long  plant  name  that  I  was 
taught  to  spell  by  my  dear  mother.  Whether 
trained  to  a  wall  or  trailing  over  rocks  or  grown 
in  bush  form,  it  is  one  of  our  most  beautiful  autunm 
and  winter  berried  plants,  being  generally  laden 
with  its  bright  red  fruit.  This,  too,  has  its  native 
home  in  the  Himalayas  and  was  introduced  nearly 
a  century  since.  It  is  closely  related  to  C.  thymi- 
folia, above  referred  to,  and  also  to  C.  buxifolia, 
the  latter  a  species  introduced  at  the  same  time- 


66 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  5.  1921. 


from  India,  but  which  forms  a  fairly  rampant 
growing  bush  up  to  12  feet  high  ;  it  is  one  of  our 
most  useful  forms  of  the  Cotoneaster  family  and, 
similar  to  its  relations,  is  evergreen. 

The  species  and  varieties  which  I  have 
endeavoured  to  briefly  deal  with  are  undoubtedly 
the  choicest  of  the  many  that  we  have,  other  than 
those  referred  to  as  being  under  collectors'  numbers 
still,  many  of  which  promise  us  great  beauty 
later  on.     Only   two  point;  remain  to  be  noted. 


The  first  is  to  remark  on  the  splendid  way  in 
which  many  of  the  species  have  this  year  coloured 
and  fruited,  and,  secondly,  to  record  that  many  are 
at  this  late  date  coming  into  full  f.ower  again, 
an  out-of-season  accomplishment  caused  no 
doubt  by  the  very  mild  early  autumn  that  we 
experienced  last  year.  One  species  in  particular, 
C.  huphensis,  collected  by  Mr.  Wilson  in  various 
parts  of  W  estern  China,  is  at  the  present  moment 
very  gay  with  its  flowers. 


BOX   EDGING-FOR   AND    AGAINST 


WE  who  live  in  Hertfordshire  are 
justly  proud  of  the  fine  old  gardens 
which  beautify  the  county,  and 
it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
tbeir  beauty  owes  a  great  de  1 
to  the  artistic  use  of  Box 
edging.  The  most  ancient  Box 
I  have  ever  seen  is  what  remains 
of  the  edging  in  a  garden  of  thi- 
Benedictine  monks  at  Hitchin, 
which  was  planted  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  IV,  who  came  to  the 
throne  in  1461.  The  most  pictur- 
esque examples  of  Box  edging  I 
have  ever  seen  are  in  the  gardens 
at  Ashridge  Park,  Great  Berk- 
hamstcad.  Parts  of  the  garden 
are  of  a  great  age  ;  Mr.  David 
Robertson,  the  head  gardener, 
informed  me  that  the  Yew  trees 
near  the  Monks'  Walk  are  cer- 
tainly more  than  three  centuries 
old.  The  whole  plan  of  this 
ancient  garden  is  outlined  in  Box. 
with  the  most  pleasing  and  strik- 
ing e£fect.  In  the  Italian  Garden 
andFountainGardenfscepage  .sgS, 
"The  Century  Book  of  Garden- 
ing "),  the  flower  beds  are  edged 
with  a  double  row  of  Box,  where 
Roses  and  a  great  variety  of 
other  flowering  plants  may  be 
seen  flourishing  in  the  closest 
proximity  to  it.  In  a  parterre 
there  is  one  of  the  most  charm- 
ing beds,  surrounded  by  Box,  to 
be  seen  anywhere  and  I  cannot 
believe  that  the  beautiful  design 
could  have  been  carried  out  suc- 
cessfully with  any  other  edging. 
In  the  centre  of  a  square  sunk 
lawn,  surrounded  by  a  low 
hedge  of  clipped  Yew,  this  artistic  bed 
stands  like  a  jewel,  and  from  the  middle  of  it 
rises  a  graceful  and  richly  carved  stone  pillar. 
No  verbal  description  can  give  an  idea  of  the 
design  or  its  setting.  When  I  saw  it  some  time  ago, 
a  superb  collection  of  Rhododendrons  by  the  lake 
near  by  lit  up  the  scene  with  a  mass  of  brilliant 
colour.  In  conclusion,  I  might  add  that  Roses  and 
many  foliage  and  flowering  plants  may  be  seen 
flourishing  in  beds  surrounded  by  an  old  Box 
edging  in  the  celebrated  Topiary  garden  at 
Levens  Hall,  Westmorland,  of  whch  a  delight- 
fuJ  illustration  appears  on  th's  page.  Here,  again. 
I  cannot  conceive  of  any  other  edging  which 
wo  uld  look  in  such  perfect  keeping  with  the  entire 
picture  — H.  H.  War.ver,  Hoddecdon,  Herls. 

"Sybil"  and  I   must   agree   to  differ  (page   37). 
She  will  never  persuade   me   that   Box  edging    is 
other  than  a  mistake,  save  in  gardens    where  it   is 
intended    to  represent  some  historical  feature,   or 
characteristic.     My   fair   antagonist    upbraids   me 


for  not  mentioning  an  alternative.  I  want  none, 
and  disagree  with  her  when  she  says  "  an  edging 
of  some  kind  is  essential  in  most  positions."  As 
for  a  Box  edging  in  front  of  a  "  perennial  border  " 
to  "  counteract  all  stiffness."     Horror  of  horrors  ! 


right  down  to  the  path  itself.  Where  Roses" are 
planted  on  grass  no  other  edging  is  needed, 
although  objection  is  sometimes  taken  to  the  bare 
part  of  the  soil  next  to  the  grass.  The  remedy, 
where  such  an  objection  is  made,  is  to  plant  Violas, 
which  flourish,  as  a  rule,  under  the  Rose  trees. 

The  cause  of  Bo.x  edging  coming  in  for  abuse 
and  dislike  is  very  often  the  manner  in  which  it  is 
managed,  not  only  as  it  is  cared  for  yearly,  but  by 
the  wrong  method  of  planting.  To  establish  Bo.x 
edging  alongside  of  paths  in  a  proper  manner  is 
no  light  task  for  an  amateur.  No  detail  in  path 
construction  requires  more  knowledge  and  even 
art  in  procedure,  combined  with  the  correct 
method  of  planting  the  Bo.x.  Properly  planted  and 
well  managed.  Box  edging  should  not  at  the  end 
of  twenty  years  be  more  than  6  inches  high  at 
the  utmost  nor  more  than  3  inches  wide.  Such 
edgings,  when  properly  made,  require  but  a  mini- 
mum of  attention  afterwards.  An  annual  clipping 
in  April  is  all  that  is  required.     The  best  of  Box 


FLOWER     BORDERS     SURROUNDED     BY     BOX     EDGING    AT     LEVENS     HALL,     WESTMORLAND. 


I  would  as  soon  have  the  intruder  in  my  rock- 
garden.  In  "  most  positions "  the  flowers  are 
best  left  to  make  an  edging  of  themselves,  a  broken 
line  of  colour  and  interest  at  all  seasons  that 
never  looks  up  at  you  with  the  pitiful  appeal, 
"  What  am  I  here  for  ?  "  I  may  tell  "  Linders  Lea  " 
that  I  had  no  particular  garden  in  mind  when  ^vriting 
my  note,  but  I  have  seen  no  less  than  three  Rose 
gardens  among  my  own  family  which  had  at 
length  to  be  rooted-up,  the  Box  put  on  the  bonfire 
and  the  beds  replanted. — A.  T.  J. 

For  kitchen  paths  I  have  much  to  say  in  favour 
of  Box  as  an  edging.  For  Rose  beds,  too,  if  the 
paths  are  gravel  or  bricks,  I  should  advise  Box. 
For  the  herbaceous  borders,  or  where  Rose  beds 
are  on  grass,  circumstances  are  different.  For  the 
former  I  prefer  stones  laid  flat,  of  uneven  size, 
forming  nooks  in  which  low-growing  plants  like 
Aubretias,  Thyme  and  Sedums,  can  be  grown 
in  masses,  adding  interest  to  the  border  as  well  as 
masses  of  colour,  continuing  the  flower  of  the  border 


edgings  can  be  spoilt  in  one  year  if  the  soil  on  the 
border  side  is  allowed  to  cover  the  edging.  Care- 
less diggers  of  the  border  or  plot  within  too  often 
cover  the  edging  with  soil,  thus  not  only  spoiling 
the  appearance  of  the  edging,  but  smothering  the 
growth  as  well. 

My  experience  of  Box  edgings  does  not  allow 
me  to  fear  that  they  are  a  harbour  for  slugs.  Forty 
years  ago  I  planted  1,000  yards  of  Box  as  an  edging 
to  the  kitchen  garden  paths.  For  over  twenty 
years  I  may  say  they  were  perfect  edgings,  until 
circumstances  occurred  which  allowed  the  Box 
to  get  out  of  hand.  The  first  item  to  pay  attention 
to  in  the  formation  of  Box  edging  is  to  level  the 
soil,  whether  it  be  a  running  or  a  dead  level.  For 
example,  a  border  r2  feet  wide  from  a  wall  to  thc^ 
path,  and  the  path  a  further  4  feet  in  width. 
In  many  cases  the  land  slopes  slightly  to  a  given 
point,  meaning  that  the  border  and  path  is  on  a 
running  level.  A  fixed  point  on  the  wall  is  taki  n 
at  both  ends  and  a  similar  point  is  fixed  in  the 
path,  allowing  a  gentle  slope  of  the  border  to  the 


February  5,  1921.J 


THE     GARDEN. 


67 


path  which,  in  appearance,  is  better  than  a  level 
border.  At  the  extreme  ends  of  the  path  on  the 
border  side  a  fixed  point  is  marked.  Take  three 
T  boning  rods  :  one  is  h  Id  at  each  end,  and  the 
third  stood  on  pegs  at  various  distances  between, 
which  will  give  the  correct  height  of  the  edging 
base,  and  a  true  run,  dead  level  or  not.  The  soil 
is  levelled  to  these  pegs  either  by  reducing  or 
filling  up,  as  the  case  may  be.  The  width  of  the 
path  is  to  be  4  feet ;  opposite  the  two  end  level 
pegs  place  another  in  the  4-feet  line  at  the  same 
level,  by  the  aid  of  a  square-edge  and  spirit  level. 
Thus  the  path  may  be  made  quite  level  if  the 
boning  rods  arc  used  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
path,  in  the  same  manner  as  before,  or  further 
pegs  are  inserted  with  the  aid  of  the  spirit  level 
and  square-edge. 

The  soil  for  the  edging  is  then  dug  over  at  least 
I  foot  deep,  the  same  in  width,  broken  quite 
fine  and  trodden  down  firmly,  finishing  the  surface 
quite  level.  A  taut  line  is  then  fixed  exactly 
where  the  edging  is  to  be  planted.  With  a  sharp 
spade  the  soil  is  thrown  out  into  the  path,  thus 
forming  an  upright  trench,  6  inches  deep,  close  up 
to  the  line,  in  which  the  Box  is  planted.  The  Box 
is  then  prepared  for  planting,  by  pulling  it  into 
small  pieces  from  3  inches  to  4  inches  long  with  a 
small  portion  of  root  attached  and  cutting  oft  the 
top,  which  enables  the  edging  to  be  quite  level 
and  uniform  in  height  when  completed. 

The  best  way  to  plant  the  Box  is  to  start  on  the 
left  side  of  the  path,  the  right  knre  on  the  ground 


and  the  left  foot  in  the  trench  to  make  the  soil 
firm  over  the  roots  as  planting  proceeds.  With 
the  right  hand  place  the  prepared  pieces  of  Box 
in  the  trench,  keeping  them  a  uniform  height  of 
I  inch  to  2  inches  above  the  soil.  With  the  left 
hand  hold  the  pieces  in  position,  the  right  hand 
then  draws  some  of  the  fine  soil  over  the  roots 
in  the  trench,  the  left  foot  making  it  firm  as  the 
work  proceeds.  When  the  line  is  complete  the 
trench  is  filled  up  and  the  soil  made  quite  firm, 
thus  keeping  the  plants  in  position.  If  the  work  is 
properly  done  a  complete  neat  edging  is  formed, 
which  needs  no  further  attention  until  the  following 
year,  when  but  little  clipping  will  be  needed,  if 
any — April  is  the  best  time  for  that  operation. 

The  best  method  of  carrying  out  that  detail  is 
to  cat  off  the  top  of  the  edging  with  ordinary 
hedge-cutting  shears  at  a  given  point,  say,  2  inches 
from  the  soil.  Down  the  centre  of  this  flat  edging 
stretch  a  line  tight,  making  it  secure  with  a  wire 
peg  here  and  there.  Then,  with  a  pair  of  sheep- 
shears,  cut  the  Box  in  a  uniform  slope  on  both 
sides  close  up  to  the  line  on  the  top,  thus  you  have 
a  perfectly  straight  edging  and  of  uniform  width. 
This  clipping  should  take  place  annually  in  April, 
and  if  properly  done  the  edging  will  remain  perfect 
for  many  years.  I  omitted  to  say  March  is  the 
best  month  to  plant  Box  edging,  growth  starts 
away  at  once. — E.  Moi.yneux, 

I  CERTAINLY  agree  with  "  Sybil  "  that  "  A.  T.  J." 
ought  to  name  a  better  substitute  than  Boxwood  for 


edgings ;  it  is  always  easy  to  find  fault,  but  oft-times 
difficult  to  suggest  something  better.  I  love  Bo.x- 
wood,  and  ray  own  feeling  is  that  if  there  is  any  fault 
to  find.  Boxwood  is  too  good  an  edging  for  a  Rose 
plot.  It  deserves  to  encircle  something  more 
distinguished.  Boxwood  has  not  a  smell,  it  has 
a  perfume,  a  fragrance,  a  scent  that  oft-times  wafts 
our  thoughts  back  to  the  daj's  of  our  forefathers. 
It  would  be  equally  correct  to  speak  of  the 
"aroma"  of  a  dungstead,  as  of  the  "smell"  of 
Boxwood. 

The  taproots  of  Box  run  straight  down,  and  the 
side  bushy  roots  do  not  extend  very  far,  I  think, 
and  could  easily  be  checked  by  inserting  a  spade 
round  the  border  once  a  year,  nor  do  I  think  Box- 
wood forms  a  kindly  harbour  for  slugs,  though  I 
have  not  much  experience  of  these  pests.  I  do 
not  consider  clipping  once  a  year,  possibly  at  the 
end  of  May,  when  the  work  is  well  in  hand,  entails 
much  upkeep.  I  think  "  A.  T.  J."  will  spend  more 
time  keeping  any  other  living  edging  in  order. 
Of  course,  tiles,  bricks,  cement  and,  as  1  have 
even  seen,  edgings  of  half-buried  bottles  (silent 
reminders  of  past  transgressions),  cannot  be  enter- 
tained by  any  well-balanced  mind.  There  are  few 
things  more  charming  in  the  garden  on  a  winter 
day  than  the  trim  bright  green  of  a  well-kept  Box 
edging,  though  granted  its  effect  is  somewhat 
marred  surrounding  a  dreary  Rose  plot,  perchance 
rodolent  of  the  "aroma"  of  manure.  I  note 
"  Sybil "  says  her  Box  is  only  some  6  inches  high. 
Well,  I  prefer  it  much  higher,  say,    18  inches  or 


THE     BOX-EDGKD     KOSE     GARDEN     AT     ROL"SHA\t,     OXI-ORDSHIRE. 


68 


THE    GARDEN. 


[February  5,  1921. 


even  2  feet,  at  which  height  it  gives  a  delightful 
air  of  antiquity,  besides  affording  some  little 
shelter.  I  can  understand  (though  I  do  not  know 
that  I  always  admire)  a  Rose  garden  in  large 
grounds,  but  in  small  ones  they  seem  to  me  rather 
out  of  place.  I  feel  if  the  owners  would  use  their 
Roses  as  they  do  herbaceous  plants  in  the  borders, 
in  groups  of  three  or  five,  here  and  there,  among 
their  herbaceous  plants  the  effect  would  be  much 
more  charming.  For  example,  the  old-fashioned 
pink,  monthly  or  China  Rose  and  Austrian  Copper 
treated  thus  are  very  effective,  as  are  many  of  the 
free-flowering  Hybrid  Perpetuals.  I  also  feel 
that  the  Rose  has  to  put  up  with  a  great  deal  too 
much  pruning.  Why  not  leave  the  poor  thing 
alone  and  let  the  branches  reach  nearer  to  a  level 
with  the  eyes  and  nostrils  ?  \¥hy  require  to  crouch 
down  to  enjoy  the  blooms  of  a  bush  that  has  been 
cut  back  to,  say,  two  eyes  ?  I  grant 
if  large  blooms  are  desired  you  must 
cut  in  order  to  get  the  same  effect 
as  the  single  stemmed,  bloated,  mop- 
like Chrysanthemum,  but  is  it  artistic 
or  beautiful  ?  It  is  just  the  old,  old 
story  of  "  Anne  Amateur's  "  famous 
big  Onion  over  again,  or  the  prize 
fat  beast  in  the  Smith&cld  Fat  Stock 
Show,  grown  out  of  all  recognition. 

I  recollect  wandering  into  a  de- 
serted garden  and  there,  towering 
above  a  sea  of  weeds  and  long  grass, 
1  saw  a  magnificent  sight  which,  in 
the  distance,  seemed  to  me  like  a 
Tree  Psony  some  5  feet  or  6  feet 
high  and  about  as  much  through, 
but  when  I  came  closer  I  found  it 
was  a  Rose  growing  at  %vill ;  and 
the  name  of  that  Rose  was  Frau  Karl 
Druschki.— FORM.4.KIX,  Xorlh  Britain 


A    PLEA    FOR    THE    LAUREL 


One   of   the  Noblest   of  Evergreen   Shrubs 

By    GERTRUDE    JEKYLL,    V.M.H. 


T 


HE  wholesome  reaction  from  the  per- 
nicious influence  of  the  all-pervading 
bedding  system  of  nearly  half  a  century 
ago  had  one  effect  for  which  there  was 
no  right  or  fair  foundation.  Many 
people  came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  scarlet 
Geraniums,  yellow  Calceolarias  and  blue  Lobelias, 
that  had  been  done  to  death  in  stiff  beds  and, 
still  worse,  in  unending  ribbon  borders,  were  bad 
things    in    themselves,     whereas    they    are,     and 


A  Chinese  Rhododendron 
with  Mauve  Flowers 

(R.     AUGUSTINIl) 

This  beautiful  Chinese  Rhododen- 
dron is  named  in  compliment  to  Mr. 
Augustine  Henry,  who  was  the  first  to 
collect  specimens  in  Hupeh.  Seeds 
were  subsequently  received  by  the  late 
Mr.  Maurice  de  Vilmorin  from  one  of 
the  French  missionaries  and  by 
Messrs.  James  Veitch  from  Mr.  E.  H. 
Wilson.  The  specimen  figured  is  a 
seedling  raised  by  Messrs.  James 
Veitch.  An  evergreen  shrub  up 
to  8  feet  or  g  feet  in  height, 
R.  Augustinii  has  oblong-lanceolate 
leaves  2  inches  to  4  inches  long  and 
about  I  inch  broad.  Botanists  point 
to  lines  of  hairs  along  the  midrib  on  the 
under-surface  of  the  leaves  as  the  most  im- 
portant character  of  this  species.  The  flowers 
are  widely  funnel-shaped,  2  inches  to  3  inches 
in  diameter,  varying  in  colour  from  white  to 
mauve,  purplish  pink,  and  a  bluish  lavender 
shade.  WTiile  some,  including  the  plant  illus- 
trated^ are  most  attractive  in  colour,  others 
may  be  described  as  indifferent.  Hence  there 
is  ample  opportunity  for  selection  and  improvement. 


Gloxinias. — -For  early  flowering  a  nice  batch 
of  these  may  now  be  started,  giving  treatment 
in  the  early  stages  similar  to  that  accorded 
Begonias.  Seed  should  also  be  sown  now  so  that  a 
useful  lot  of  young  plants  may  be  raised  for  autumn 
flowering. 


.\     SELECTED     FORM     OF     RHODODENDRON     AUGUSTINII 


always  will  be,  among  the  best  of  our  summer 
flowers.  It  was  not  their  fault  that  they  were 
used  in  dull  and  tiresome  ways,  but  as  for  a  long 
time  they  bad  been  connected  with  a  wearisome 
form  of  gardening,  it  was  not  unnatural,  when 
better  ways  were  becoming  known,  that  they 
should  be  looked  at  askance  if  not  altogether 
condemned  by  the  general  gardening  public. 
Even  quite  harmless  words  may  by  association 
come  in  for  the  same  kind  of  superficial  distaste. 
The  name  Whitehall  has  dignity,  standing  as  it 
does  for  noble  buildings  of  exalted  purpose  ; 
Whitechapel  is  a  name  no  less  beautiful  in  itself, 
but  because  it  means  a  dingy  and  slummy  part 
of  London  we  lose  sight  of  its  intrinsic  value. 
So,  whether  we  are  thinking  of  a  word  or  a  flower 
or  a  shrub,  let  us  clear  away  any  unfavourable 
impressions    that    may    have    gathered    round    it. 


and  try  to  take  a  fair  view  of  it  on  its  own  merits, 
The    common    Laurel   has     come    in    for    much 
the    same    kind    of    unmerited    condemnation    as 
the  best  known  of  the  bedding  plants,  and  it  has 
suffered  all  the  more  by  reason  of  its  many  good 
qualities.     It    is    cheap    to    buy,    easy    to    grow, 
undeniably  handsome,  and  it  can  bo  put  to  many 
kinds  of  use  ;    but   just  because  it  is  so  patient 
and  accommodating,   and  has  been  used  as  such 
a  common  hack,   we  have  come  to  look  upon  it 
with    a    kind    of   distaste   that   with 
some  people  amounts  to  disgust.    But 
if   one   considers   it    quite  fairly   and 
without    any    kind   of   prejudice   one 
cannot   but  see   that,   in  spite   of  the 
many  base  uses  to  which  it  has  been 
put,  it  is  one  of  the  noblest  of  ever- 
green  shrubs.     Let    us   think    for     a 
moment — if    we    had    never    seen    a 
Latirel,  if  it  had  now  been  only  newly 
imported,  what  a  stir  it    would  make 
in    the    world  of   horticulture ;    what 
a  rush  there  would  be  for  the  grand 
new     thing  ;       how     it      would     gain 
honours     in     Vincent     Sqviare ;     how 
people     would     flock     to     Kew    and 
Wisley,  the  only  places  where  as  yet 
they  could    see    that    wonderful    new 
shrub,     Prunus     Laurocerasus ;      how 
proudly     within    the    next    year   the 
garden   owner    would  exhibit    to   his 
friends     the     thriving     young     plant 
for    which    he    had    paid    a     guinea 
(and   cheap     at     the    price !)  ;     what 
admiration  for    its    lustrous  leaves   of 
strong   substance,     its     fine    straight 
shoots,  its  pleasant  look  of  prosperous 
( leanliness  !     What  visions  of  how  in 
the  future,   when  it  had  become  more 
plentiful,  it  could  best  be  used,   as  a 
handsome  shrub  by  itself,  as  hedges  of 
important  foliage,  as  arbours  and  green 
arches,    as   a   worthy   accompaniment 
to    refined    architecture    of     terraces, 
flights   of    steps   and   balustrades,    as 
background  with  niches  for  sculpture  ! 
We  seem  to  have  lost  sight  of  all  these 
worthy  possibilities,  and   yet   there  is 
the  patient  Laurel  only  awaiting  the 
time    when    its    good    qualities  shall 
again  be  recognised  and    its    worthy 
use    shall  again  be   carefully  studied. 
Excepting  our  native  Yew,  there  is  no 
evergreen  that  can  be  adapted   to  so 
many   uses    as   the   Laurel.     It    makes   a   perfect 
hedge,  to  be  carefully  trimmed  with  the  knife — 
never  with  the  shears  ;    it  can  readily  be  trained 
into  any  form  of  bower  or  arbour,  and  where  there 
is  space,  as  in  outlying  parts  of  pleasure  grounds, 
it  is  a  grand  thing  when  let  to  grow  as  it  will. 
There    are    three    stretches    of    woodland    near 
my  home  in  South-west  Surrey,  on  three  adjoining 
properties.     In  each  of  these  there  are  a  number 
of  large  old  Laurels  that  have  never  been  pruned. 
I  ha\-e  not  been  able  to  find  any  record  of  their 
planting,  but  they  must  be  near  a  hundred  years 
of  age.     It  looks  as  if  three  neighbouring  squires 
had    agreed    together    at    the   same    time    to    try 
them  as   woodland  shrubs  for  game  shelter.     In 
the  wood  nearest  to  me,  where  there  is  one  roughly 
circular  grove,   I  do  not  think  these  Laurels  can 
be   less    than    50   feet   high   from   where    they    are 


February  5,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


69 


rooted  to  where,  far  and  high  overhead,  their 
utmost  shoots  reach  the  open  daylight.  Their 
trunks,  elephant  grey  in  colour,  are  something 
like  10  inches  through.  Many  of  them  grow  in 
a  fantastic  way — the  stem  rising  and  then  bending 
down  and  running  along  the  ground  some  lo  feet 
or   i:;    feet   before   rising   again   and   shooting   up 


to  the  light.  In  the  dusky  dimness  of  the  grove 
they  look  like  great  grey  serpents  writhing  about 
and  then  rushing  upwards.  To  see  them  like 
this  and  also  growing  naturally  in  rather  open 
woodland  is  to  receive  some  quite  fresh  ideas 
as  to  the  possible  uses  of  this  much  neglected 
and  ill-used  shrub. 


AN    EARLY   FLOWERING    HARDY  SHRUB 


Rhododendron  prcecox   should  find  a  place   in   every  garden, 
be  flowered  in  the  open  or  under  glass,  and  will  even 
flourish  in  a  town  garden. 


It 


may 


A    REMARKABLE    AZALEA 

I  HEREWITH  enclose  you  a  photograph  of 
Azalea  indica,  which,  I  feel  sure,  will  be  of 
interest  to  your  readers  ;  this  I  had  taken  last  week. 
The  gardens  at  the  present  time  (November  15, 
1920)  are  ablate  with  these  fine  specimens.  This  is 
one  of  many,  end  measures  18  feet  in  diameter 
by  10  feet  high,  and  is  certainly  a  record  for  the 
Dominion.  I  should  be  glad  if  any  read(  r  would 
let  me  know  if  they  attain  such  dimensions  in 
otlier  parts  of  the  world.  I  may  mention  that 
during  two  or  three  months  of  the  year  we  get 
frosts  up  to  13°  ;  under  these  conditions  it  can  be 
considered  fairly  hardy.  W.  Willcox. 

Government  Gardew^,  Rotorua,  New  Zealand. 


IT  is  surprising  that  Rhododendron  pra-cox 
is  so  seldom  to  be  found  in  gardens,  and 
equally  surprising  that  it  has  never  been  taken 
up  as  a  market  flower.  As  a  flowering  shrub 
for  the  open  air  garden  it  is  easy  and  accom- 
modating and,  so  far  as  my  experience  goes,  it 
has  only  one  drawback.  It  flowers  so  early — 
February  and  March — that  its  lovely  blossoms  run 
the  risk  of  being  damaged  by  unfavourable  weather. 
At  the  first  spell  of  comparative  warmth  and 
sunshine  the  plant  rushes  into  bloom,  and  then 
too  often  comes  a  night  with  some  special  form  of 
poison  — frost  or  blizzard — and  reduces  the  lovely 
mauve  bells  to  a  shapeless  mass.  This  black  busi- 
ness, however,  may  be  guarded  against  by  planting 
in  a  shady  spot  sheltered  from  wind.  Shade  seems 
to  promote  vigorous  growth  and,  what  is  still 
more  important,  it  enables  the  blossoms  to  thaw 
gradually  and  so  escape  damage.  The  blossoms 
may  be  rimed  with  hoarfrost  and  yet  escape 
damage  if  they  can  thaw  without  direct  sunshine 
striking  them. 

The  finest  specimen  of  Rhododendron  prajcox 
I  ever  saw  was  growing  in  a  little  back  garden  in 
Sheffield,  five  minutes'  tram  ride  from  the 
centre  of  the  town  !  It  was  heavily  overshadowed 
by  big  Lilacs  and  Privets,  and  when  I  came  to 
move  it  a  few  yards,  as  I  had  to,  I  found  it  was 
growing  in  the  wickedest  putty  coloured  clay  I 
have  ever  seen.  This  specimen  was  a  good  4  feet 
high,  with  healthy,  glossy  foliage,  and  masses 
of  flower-buds  from  top  to  bottom,  so  that  Rhodo- 
dendron precox  would  not  seem  to  be  particularly 
fastidious  in  its  tastes.  Here  it  grows  well  in 
ordinary  loam.  In  peat  it  would  doubtless  grow 
even  better.  I  have  never  tested  it  as  a  lover  or 
hater  of  lime.  But  it  is  as  a  plant  for  the  house 
that  I  especially  value  R.  praecox.  Branches 
may  be  cut  from  open  ground  bushes  as  soon  as 
the  buds  show  colour,  the  stems  scraped  and  placed 
in  water,  and  then  in  an  ordinarily  warm 
sitting-room  they  open  perfectly  and  last  for  a 
fortnight. 

I  grow  several  plants,  also  in  pots,  and  they 
force  splendidly.  In  former  days  I  used  to  heat 
my  greenhouse  and  bring  these  pot  precox  in  and 
get  them  into  flower  in  a  few  weeks.  But  in  these 
shivering,  coalless  days  I  prefer  that  any  shivering 
that  must  be  done  shoidd  go  on  in  the  greenhouse, 
with  the  result  that  we  are  without  early  bulbs 
and  the  many  jolly  oddments  and  menavalins 
that  the  greenhouse  used  to  bring  forth.  Rhodo- 
dendron pra}cox  has  proved  the  only  exception. 
A  couple  of  pot  plants  were  brought  in  to  share 
the  one,  and  only  one,  coal  fire,  and  they  rushed 
into  blossom  and  have  been  a  real  joy.  One  is  in 
a  grey-green  Japanese  pot  and  strikes  a  quaint 
picturesque  Japanese  attitude.  The  other  is  in 
a  common  12 -inch  garden  pot,  and  was  cut 
when  the  flowers  were  half  open  and  put  in  water. 
The  graceful  reddish  stems — red,  like  the  stem  of 
an   Arbutus — with    dark    green   leaves,    like    pale 


R.  ponticum,  are  one  of  the  most  delightful  things 
one  could  possibly  have  for  the  house  at  this  time 
of  year.  And  they  last  a  fortnight,  which  is  long 
enough,  and  not  too  long.  I  hate  a  flower  that 
lasts  so  long  as  to  require  dusting  ! 

My  treatment  of  the  pot  prfficox  has  been  very 


New    and    Rare    Plants 

FIRST-CLASS     CERTIFICATE. 

Sophro-Lselio-Cattleya   Joseph    Charlesworth 


simple.     I    originally   cut    the    fibrous    root    balls       L.-C.  Eurydice   x  S.-L.-C.  Marathon). — A  remark- 
to  a  convenient  size   with   a  big  knife  and  then       able  and  striking  tri-generic  hybrid  of  exceptiona 


A     REMARKABLE     SPECIMEN     OF    AZALE.\     INDICA     AT     ITS     BEST. 


pot  in  a  mixture  of  turfy  loam  and  leaf-mould. 
After  forcing  they  are  stood  out  in  the  garden  in 
any  shady,  convenient  place.  Later  they  are 
cut  back  hard  if  required  for  cutting  next  year, 
or  cut  back  a  \ery  little  if  to  be  grown  purely  as 
pot  plants  and  brought  into  the  house  as  such. 
Later,  in  spring,  the  pots  are  buried  to  the  rim  in 
the  ground.  There  they  remain,  to  be  watered 
when  they  seem  to  need  it  or  when  one  happens 
to  think  of  it,  and  then  they  make  their  fresh  wood 
for  the  following  year  and  their  fat,  terminal  buds 
for  flowering.  At  a  convenient  time  in  autumn 
they  are  brought  into  the  greenhouse  and  forced 
or  not,  as  fate  and  the  miners  decree. 

Last  year  I  started  some  tiny  plants  3  inches  or 
4  inches  high  in  small  Japanese  pots.  These  all 
have  buds  and  will  be  in  flower  in  a  few  days, 
and  they  promise  to  be  uncommonly  attractive 
for  the  house.  These  tiny  plants  were  taken  as 
half  rooted  shoots  from  the  base  of  older  bushes, 
potted  up  and  cut  back,  and  then  treated  exactly 
like  the  older  pot  plants.  Clarence  Elliott. 

StcTcnaiie. 


colouring,  difficult  to  portray.  The  petals  are  of 
an  intense  cerise  shade  till  near  the  tips,  where  a 
rich  ruby  red  prevails.  The  lip  is  of  an  intenser 
shade  and  most  effective.  This  unique  novelty 
came  from  Messrs.  Charlesworth  and  Co.,  Hayward's 
Heath. 

AWARDS     OF     MERIT 

Odontcglossum  Trident  (O.  eximium  x  O. 
King  Albert)- — A  good  novelty  of  medium  size 
and  dark  plum  colour  in  the  main.  The  well 
imbricated  petals  have  a  white,  almost  thread-like 
margin,  the  lip  being  strongly  tipped  with  white. 
Shown  by  Messrs.  I-Tory  and  Black,  Slough. 

Odontioda     x     Niobe    Fasey's    Variety    (O. 

Bradshawiaj  y  O.  Jasper), — The  admixture  of 
colour  in  some  hybrid  Orchids  is  exceedingly 
difficult  to  define,  the  clouded  red  in  this  instance 
appearing  apparently  over  a  mauve-coloured 
ground.  The  new-comer  is  distinct  and  beautiful. 
Prom  W.  R.  Fasey,  Esq.,  Snarcsbrook  (gardener, 
Mr.  E.  J.  Seymour). 

Cjmtidiiun  n.artin  (C.  Lowii  grandiflorum  x 
C.    Parishii  var.   Sanderie).- — Softest  primrose  and 


70 

refined  cream  in  a  perfect  blend  in  tlie  petals  of 
this  unique  novelty  go  to  make  it  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  distinct  of  its  tribe.  Its  whiter 
lip  is  marked  by  a  half-inch  long  line  of  ruby 
crimson,  the  sides  copiously  marked  by  the  same 
colour  in  spots  of  pin-head  proportions.  Quite 
one  of  the  most  charming  of  the  Orchid  novelties 
of  the  day.  Sent  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sir  George 
Holford,  Tetbury  (gardener,  Mr.  Alexander). 

Cattleya  x  Monarch  brugensis. — A  pleasing 
and  beautiful  hybrid  in  which  the  petals  of  pale 
mauve  shading  are  in  striking  contrast  with  the 
rich  ruby  crimson  lip,  the  latter  plumosely  crested 
at  the  margin.  From  Messrs.  Sander  and  Son, 
St.  Albans. 

Primula   stellata   Fairy    Queen    Improved.— 

A  novelty  of  shortly  pyramidal  habit  of  growth 
which  apparently  to  some  e.xtent  embraces 
the  floral  characters  of  stellata  and  The 
Duchess,  those  of  the  last  named,  so  far 
as  colour  is  concerned,  being  the  more 
pronounced.  It  is  a  rather  attractive 
variety.  Shown  by  Messrs.  Carter  and 
Co.,  Raynes  Park,  S.W. 

The  above-mentioned  novelties  were 
shown  before  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  on  January  25,  when  the  awards 
were  made. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[February  5,  192 1. 


GARDENING     OF     THE     WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Jasminum  nudiflorum.— This  delightful  old 
climber,  with  its  wealth  of  yellow  blossoms  during 
winter  rnontl-s,  makes  a  good  show  when  the  supply 
of  flowers  is  small.  A  point  in  its  favour  is  its 
adaptabUitv.  for  it  is  equally  at  home  on  a  wall, 
pergola  or  "clothing  a  cottage  porch.  One  of  the 
most  charming  results  is  obtained  by  allowing  it 
to  ramble  at  wUl  over  old  logs  or  tree  stumps. 
What  little  pruning  is  requured  should  be  done 
after  flowering. 

Hydrangeas.  —  Where  specimen  plants  are 
required  for  tubs,  the  Hydrangea  is  excellent 
for  the  purpose.  Plants  already  established  and 
having  been  kept  cool  should  now  be  overhauled 
for    the   removal    of    dead    and    useless    growths, 


Apple     Claygate 
Pearmain 

One  of  the  Best  Late  Dessert 
Varieties. 

At  a  meeting    of    the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society    held      on     January     ir      Messrs. 
George    Bunyard    and    Co.    showed   Apple 
Claygate  Pearmain,  for  which  they  received 
the    unique   and   exceptional    award    of  a 
first-class     certificate.       For     flavour     this 
Apple   is    of    the   highest   quality,    but    it 
is    not    new    and    by    no    means    a  rare 
variety,    although    not    as    widely    grown 
as    it    should    be.     As    a    rule    this  award 
is  reserved  for  new  or  rare    fruits ;    who 
knows,     perhaps     the    Grape     Muscat    of 
.Alexandria  will  yet  come  up  for  an  award. 
I  am  told  by  an  old  inhabitant  of  Claygate 
village  that  this    Apple    originated  appar- 
ently as  a  seedling,  in  a  hedge  surrounding 
the    estate    now    known     as     The     Firs, 
Claygate.     It    was    first    recorded  by  Mr. 
Braddick,  who  exhibited  fruits  in  or  about 
r822.     Scions  from  the  original  tree   were 
grafted  upon   the   Crab   ,A.ppIe   stock,    and 
there   still   remain   in    the  gardens  at  The 
Firs,  Claygate,  three  very  old  trees  of  this 
variety.       Fruits    from    these    trees    were 
exhibited   about    1840   at  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Fruit  Show  by  Mr.  J.  Child 
of    Chrysanthemum    fame.     Even    at    that 
the  trees   were  of  a  good  age,   so  that  it  seems 
reasonable  to  assume  that  these  trees  were  grafted 
before  it   was   introduced   by   Braddick   in    1822. 
These  old  trees  are  still  capable  of  carrying  heavy 
crops,  and  when  in  their  prime  they  are  said  to 
have  borne  from  25  to  30  bushels  each,  while  the 
fruits  have  been  kept  sound  until  June.      H.  C. 


Tomatoes. — The  earliest  batch  are  best  fruited 
in  pots,  which  need  only  be  8  inches  in  diameter, 
providing  suflicient  stimulants  are  afforded  the 
plants  when  fruiting.  The  main  part  of  the 
compost  should  be  good  loam,  with  a  little  leaf- 
soil,  wood-ash,  a  sprinkling  of  bone-meal,  and 
a  few  half-inch  bones  added  to  the  crocks.  Pot 
moderately  firm,  and  endeavour  to  keep  night 
temperature  about  58°  to  60°. 

Potatoes. — Those  required  for  early  work 
should  be  stood  on  end  in  shallow  boxes  or  trays 
and  placed  in  a  light  yet  cool  house  to  induce 
healthy  sprouts. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 
Grease    Bands. — These    should    be    examined, 
and   if   a   second    application   is   found  necessary 
apply  same  at  once. 

Buds  and  Birds. — Where  birds  are  very 
troublesome  on  Gooseberries  and  Currants 
1  find  an  occasional  dusting  or  spraying 
of  lime  usually  has  the  desired  effect. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Pot  Annuals. — Clarkias  and  other  annuals 
should  be  grown  as  cool  as  possible,  for 
this  not  only  makes  sturdier  plants,  but 
lengthens  the  flowering  period  and  improves 
the  colours.  Clarkias  should  be  twice 
pinched  to  make  nice  bushes. 

Camellias. — I'or  a  cool  or  slightly  heated 
structure  the  Camellia  is  a  good  subject 
and  with  very  little  attention  yields  a 
wealth  of  blossoms  early  in  the  year.  The 
plants,  whether  grown  in  borders  or  pots, 
should  always  be  kept  clean,  and  root 
dryness  must  be  guarded  against.  As  the 
Camellia  is  so  hardy,  I  think  it  a  pity 
groups  of  the  plants  are  not  more  frequently 
seen  outdoors.  Among  varieties  chosen  for 
indoor  culture  should  be  C.  reticulata, 
a  lovely  rose  pink,  large-flowered  variety. 
1  have  seen  this  a  splendid  picture  on  a  wall 
in  a  house  at  Lockinge  Park. 

Cvclamen. — if  not  done,  autumn-sown 
seedlings  should  be  potted  up  into  small 
fios,  using  a  light  compost.  A  light  posi- 
tion, a  temperature  of  60°,  and  a  fairly 
moist  atmosphere  wUl  suit  present  require- 
ments. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Melons. — When  the  plants  are  strong 
enough  for  permanent  quarters,  a  good 
hotbed  should  be  made  before  placing  the 
sod  in  position.  It  is  quite  immaterial 
whether  only  enough  soil  is.  given  them 
to  start  and  afterwards  added  to,  or  whether 
the  bed  is  fuUy  made  up  at  the  commence- 
ment. Good  loam  is  the  compost  for 
Melons,  to  which  may  be  added  a  little 
mortar  rubble.  The  rooting  medium  should 
always  be  firm. 

H.    Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 

Alburv  Park  Gardens,   Guildford. 


APPLE     CLAYGATE 


PEARMAIN     IN 
ITS     ORIGIN. 


date 


strawberries. — Where  accommodation  allows  for 
forcing  these,  a  good  batch  may  be  now  introduced. 
Pick  the  plants  over  and  wash  the  pots,  also  see 
that  the  drainage  is  in  perfect  order.  Place  in  a 
cool  pit  to  start,  keeping  them  close  to  the  glass 
an  turning  on  a  little  more  heat  after  the  first 
week  or  so 


THE     GARDEN     OF 


with  a  view  to  gently  starting  the  plants  mto 
growth.  The  Agapanthus,  too,  is  an  excellent 
tub  subject  and  should  likewise  receive  attention 

Dahlias.— Where  any  particular  variety  is  in 
great  demand,  place  a  few  roots  in  a  warm  house 
when  a  good  supply  of  cuttings  will  soon  be 
available. 

Seed  Sowing. — When,  how  and  what  to  sow 
has  been  so  well  dealt  with  in  The  Garden  that 
further  remarks  are  unnecessary. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Parsnips. — These  require  to  be  got  in  early, 
so  the  ground  allotted  for  them,  if  autumn  dug, 
should  be  forked  over  in  readiness. 

Parsley.— Should  the  supply  show  signs  of 
exhaustion,  some  plants  may  be  lifted  and  placed 
in  pots  or  boxes  in  a  Vinery  or  Peach-house, 
when  new  growth  will  soon  be  available.  Cloches 
or  handlights  placed  over  some  roots  outdoors 
will  ensure  a  follow-on  supply. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

General  Work. — Owing  to  the  excessive 

rains  outside  work  has  been  much  hindered 

during  the  latter  part  of  December  and  the 

early  weeks  of   January,    our   rainfall   here 

for    the   first    ten   days   of  the  year  being 

nearly  4  inches  ;   but  should  better  weather 

prevail,  digging  must  be  forwarded  with  aU 

possible   speed    and   everything   put   in   readiness 

for  future  planting  and  sowing. 

Box  Edgings. — Where  these  are  m  need  of 
replanting  or  blanks  require  to  be  fiUed  up,  now  is 
a  suitable  time  to  have  the  work  carried  out.  In 
the  event  of  new  edgings  being  laid,  have  the 
ground  well  dug  and  properly  levelled  before 
taking  out  the  notch  for  the  plants.  Lay  thinly 
and  evenly  and  should  the  ground  seem  inclined 
to  be  sour,  have  a  quantity  of  sandy  sod  handy  for 
placing  next  the  roots  so  that  fresh  growth  may 
b  ercouraged.  Nothing  tends  more  to  give  the 
garde  1  r.n  uncared  for  appearance  than  broken 
or  decaying  edging.  Should  Box  prove  unsuitable 
revert  to  stone  edgings  and  introduce  some  dwarf 
Thymes  and  Saxifrages  among  them. 

Sprouting  Seed  Potatoes.— The  early  lot  of 
Potatoes  for  outdoor  planting  should  be  placed 
in  shallow  boxes  and  stood  in  an  airy  loft  or  shed 
to  sprout.  Care  should  be  taken  that  the  shoots 
are  kept  as  sturdy  as  possible.  Varieties  which 
do   well   on   our   rather   heavy   soil   are   Epicure, 


February  5,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


71 


Midlothian  Early,  Edzell  Blue  and  Sharpe's 
Express.  For  a  second  early  we  intend  planting 
largely  with  Arran  Comrade. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Begonias. — Sometimes  it  is  desirable  to  grow 
an  early  batch  of  the  tuberous-rooted  sorts,  and 
in  this  case  a  number  of  the  strongest  tubers 
may  be  picked  out  and  started  in  a  genial  tem- 
perature. If  the  roots  are  strong  there  is  nothing 
to  object  to  in  placing  them  right  into  their 
flowering  pots,  providing  that  care  is  exercised 
in  watering,  but  should  the  tubers  be  on  the  small 
side,  the  better  way  is  to  start  in  boxes,  using  a 
quantity  of  rough  leaf  mould  and  sand,  afterwards 
potting  into  richer  material  when  the  plants  are 
well  started. 

Dielytra  spectablis  and  Solomon's  Seal.— .\ 
few  of  these  adaptable  border  plants  should  be 
lifted  and  potted  up  for  forcing.  The  Dielytra 
forms  a  most  graceful  subject  for  the  conservatory, 
remaining  in  flower  for  a  long  period. 

The  Fernery. — -If  the  weather  proves  un- 
suitable for  outside  work,  the  opportunity  should 
be  taken  to  overhaul  the  fernery.  Spent  subjects 
should  be  discarded  and  young  stock  advanced. 
Nephrolepis  particularly  should  be  encouraged, 
this  handsome  and  accommodating  type  being 
most  useful  for  house  decorations.  Where  con- 
venient a  few  hanging  baskets  should  be  filled 
with  Asparagus  decumbens ;  also  A.  Sprengeri, 
these  being  very  ornamented,  the  long  tremulous 
growths  of  A.  decumbens  being  specially  fine  for 
cutting. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Fruit  Houses  which  have  been  started  some 
time  ago  must  be  carefully  attended  to.  Avoid 
excessive  firing  and  keep  the  houses  at  a  steady 
temperature,  particular  care  must  be  taken  with 
the  ventilation  as  much  harm  may  be  caused  by 
carelessness  in  this  respect.  Chills  or  draughts  are 
often  the  cause  of  mildew  on  vines. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Austrian  and  Penzance  Briars. — These  are 
most  beautiful  and  interesting  Roses,  the  latter 
being  the  most  vigorous  is  splendid  for  forming  a 
hedge  or  screen ;  they  are  really  at  their  best 
when  allowed  to  grow  freely,  with  the  minimum 
of  pruning.  The  Austrian  Yellow  is  a  fine  Rose 
and  never  fails  to  attract  attention,  its  principal 
wants  being  a  little  thinning  out  of  the  old  wood, 
the  flowers  being  produced  on  the  previous  years 
shoots.  When  planting,  the  beds  should  have 
generous  treatment,  as  the  spreading  habit  of  this 
Rose  hinders  work  among  them  after  the  first 
year  or  so.  James  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


their  period  of  usefulness  and  enhances  tlieir  value  to  the 
ultimate  purchaser,  are  excellent  lines.  Cyclamen  and 
Cinerarias  are  particularly  good,  and  of  the  latter  there 
arc  some  entrancing  shades  of  blue  and  old  rose.  Writing 
of  blue  colour  reminds  me  of  the  delightful  Iris  tingitana, 
which  is  now  on  sale,  though  the  colour  is  really  mauve, 
but  it  is  a  beautiful,  delicate  shade  and  brightened  by  the 
rich  yellow  blotch  on  the  petals.  Growers  have  found 
that  the  French-grown  roots  will  force  into  flower  earlier 
than  do  the  Butch,  and  they  come  quite  easy  for  the 
present  season. 

The  Irises,  being  somewhat  of  a  novelty,  of  course  sell 
well,  but  generally  the  demand  for  cut-flowers  is  not 
equal  to  that  for  plants.  Carnations  hang  fire  badly,  and 
the  French  bloom  is  not  going  any  too  well.  There  is  an 
abundance  of  Anemones,  pink  and  nigger  ;  Ilanuneulus 
and  Karcissi  of  several  sorts ;  while  the  Mimosa  is  of 
better  quality  than  for  a  long  time.  The  floral  d(mand 
such  as  it  is,  is  for  Orchids  and  wliite  flowers. 

In  the  vegetable  markets  the  Ixrxury  lines  are  all  dearer 
and  these  include  Asparagus  from  Devonshire,  Beans  from 
Guernsey  and  Madeira,  and  Rhubarb  from  Leeds.  Brussels 
Sprouts  are,  naturally,  in  the  shortage  of  green  vegetables, 
dearer,  and  although  the  *'  buttons "  are  much  smaller 
than  earlier  in  the  season,  they  are  very  firm  and  good. 

Cape  Peaches  and  Apricots  are  decidedly  cheaper  than 
a  fortnight  ago,  and  a  fresh  cargo  is  in  dock.  Bananas 
are  also  cheap,  and  no  one  should  be  asked  more  than 
IJd.  each  now.  A.  Coster. 

Januari/  21. 


Around     the     Markets 

A  DAINTY  and  fascinating  little  plant  which, 
in  its  present  state,  Kcw  docs  not  possess, 
is  being  sold  at  Co  vent  Garden  chiefly  for 
ri'tailing  on  our  barrows.  The  "classy" 
florist  turns  up  his  high-bred  nose  at  it,  sniffs 
V  haughtily  and  passes  by.  But  we  humble 
'  costers  buy  it  and  it  sells  well,  which  latter  is 
the  real  acid  test,  as  the  "  Daily  Helio  "  would  say.  It  is 
quite  a  sweet  little  plant — a  real  live  plant — in  3-inch  pots 
and  5-inch  pots.  Dwarf  and  bushy,  has  neat  little  sub- 
stantial green  leaves  and  each  shoot  bears  one  or  more 
relatively  large  showy  flowers — real  flowers.  There  are 
two  colours,  brightish  red  and  a  lovely  soft  pink.  The 
plants  continue  fresh  and  attractive  indoors  long*  r  than 
any  other  flowering  plant  I  have  bought,  and,  furthermore, 
when  you  have  tired  of  its  charms  you  may  remove  the 
flowers  and  plant  it  out  in  your  back  garden  or  in  the  front 
if  you  wish. 

I  am  sure  all  this  reads  as  though  some  Burbank  has 
at  last  evolved  the  ideal  plant,  and  I  am  tempted  to  give 
it  a  long,  new  name — a  name  troublesome  to  pronounce. 
But.  aseverj'onc  knows,  we  costers  never,  well  hardly  ever, 
**  tell  the  tale,"  so  I  resist  and  will  divulge  the  true  name 
of  this  little  plant.  It  is  Veronica  Traversii  with  Immor- 
telles gummed  on  the  stems.  This  explains  the  proper 
hauteur  of  the.  West  End  florists  who  would  not  handle 
such  a  compromise,  but  to  we  humbler  retailers  it  is 
innocent  enough,  and  like  a  much  advertised  commodity, 
"  supplies  a  long-felt  want."  I  am  certain,  from  what  my 
scientific  customer  at  timfs  tells  me,  the  big-wigs  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  would  immediately  consign 
this  made-up  plant  to  .  .  .  wherever  bad  plants  go. 
But  as  it  brightens  the  homes  of  many  who  can  but  rarely 
spend  on  floral  embellishment  it  is  an  innocent  deception 
which  may  be  justiftod,  and,  anyway,  it  looks  uncom- 
monly attractive  from  a  short  distunce. 

These  are  by  no  means  the  only  flowering  plants  in  the 
market.  In  fact,  this  department  is  just  now  quite  the 
most  attractive"  of  all.  Spring  bulbs  in  pots  make  a  brave 
show,  and  with  the  mild  weather  increase  in  numbers 
daily.  Many  consignments  arc  fully  a  fortnight  earlier 
than  the  growers  intended,  but,  unless  there  comes  a 
glut,  they  will  not  grumble.  Weil-fllird  pots  of  Daffodils 
with  the  flowers  just  opening  ;  Ilyae  nths  of  many  colours 
but  only  apparent  on  a  few  bells,  which  state  prolongs 


Garden.  The  Chinkerlchees  can  be  grown  quite  well  in  a 
cold  house.  The  favourite  Ornitliogalum  for  this  purpose 
is  O.  arabicum,  the  flowers  of  which  are  superior  to  O. 
lacteum. 

BIGNONIA  RADICANS  (Brookside,  Hants).— To  flower 
this  rampant  climber  satisfactorily  liberal  piuning  is 
necessary  in  March  each  year.  Cut  the  young  growths 
made  the  previous  season  back  to  within  an  inch  or  so 
of  the  old  wood  as  is  done  with  a  Grape  Vine. 

GREENHOUSE        INFESTED         WITH        WOODLICE 

("Disheartened  "  Aberdare). — In  the  circumstances  there 
seems  nothing  to  do  but  to  trap  the  woodlice.  Eollowed- 
out  Potatoes  and  Carrots  placed  near  their  haunts  form 
excellent  traps,  which  may  bo  examined  and  the  pests 
captured  dealt  with  tvery  day.  "Where  poison  is  no 
objection  it  is  probable  that  one  or  other  of  the  advertised 
specifics  would  be  the  best  thing  to  use. 

FERNS  ATTACKED  (E.  T..  Banbury). —The  roots  of 
the  Ferns  have  been  destroyed  by  the  weevil  grubs  wliich 
our  correspondent  sent,  a  species  of  Otiorrhynchus. 
These  are  very  difficult  to  reach  when  in  the  soil,  and  the 
most  satisfactory  thing  to  do  is  to  shake  the  plants  out 
and  repot.  A  little  can  be  done  by  making  a  hole  in  the 
soil  and  pouring  in  half  a  teaspoonful  of  carbon  bisulphide 
immediately  covering  the  hole  again.  The  beetles  appear 
in  April  as  a  rule  and  feed  on  foliage  of  Ferns  and  other 
plants,  and  may  then  be  captured  if  the  plants  are  shaken 
over  a  cloth  after  dusk.  The  beetles  hide  in  the  soil 
during  the  day. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— r/?,e  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Garden  helpful  to  all  readers  v>ho  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  ivith  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communicutions  shoulti  be 
cleaibj  and  conciseli/  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  EDITOR  of  THE  GARDEN,  20,  Tavistock 
.■Street,  Cove7it  Garden,  London,  ir.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  jyaper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  tnoss,  not  cotton-wool,  aiul  flowering 
shoots,  w/iere  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 

FLOWER     GARDEN. 

FLOWERS  FOR  MID-MAY  AND  3VtiE'^[( Brookside, 
Hants). — Autumn-sowu  hardy  annuals  are  vahiablo  to 
flower  during  this  period,  notably  CoUinisa  bicolor, 
Callendula  oIRcinalis,  Bartonia  aurea.  Larkspurs  and 
Limnanthes  Doiiglasii.  Foxgloves,  Honesty  and  the 
Erysimums  also  flower  at  this  season.  In  addition  to 
Py'rethrums  mentioned  by  our  correspondent,  other 
pereunials  are  Oriental  Poppies,  Aquilegias,  Ccntaurca 
montana,  Veronica  gentianoides,  Geums,  TroUius,  Plilox 
canadensis  and  other  dwarf  varieties,  Paeonies,  Tall 
Bearded  Iris  and  Violas  (Tufted  Pansies).  Plant  out 
the  Mesombryanthemum  acinaciforme  in  full  sun  at  tlie 
end  of  April  or  during  May  in  well  drained  soil,  preferably 
among  pieces  of  rockery  stone. 

GLADIOLI  PERMANENTLY  PLANTED  (/.  A.  B.. 
Sheffield). — We  doubt  if  th.'se  would  give  satisfaction 
permaneutly  planted  in  such  a  northern  district,  and 
do  not  recommend  our  correspondent  to  do  it  unless 
from  the  experimental  standpoint  and  on  a  small  scale. 
G.  brenclileyensis  is  among  the  hardiest  of  these  plants, 
though  for  hardiness,  gaiety  and  vigour  combined  the 
varieties  of  G.  Childsi  are  not  surpassed.  Hardiness 
in  these  plants  hinges  largely  on  the  cultural  methods 
adopted — the  depth  of  planting,  deep  soil  pieparation, 
perfect  drainage  and  the  like.  Planted  at  9  inches  deep, 
and  therefore  removed  from  the  effects  of  frost  while 
secure  from  the  exciting  conditions  obtaining  nearer  the 
surface,  they  may  prove  not  only  hardy,  but  render  a 
good  account  of  themselves  to  boot.  This,  however, 
would  involve  much  greater  labour  in  the  original  prepara- 
tion of  the  soil  and  planting  than  is  usually  given,  though 
this  would  not  be  of  annual  occurrence  provided  success 
was  ach  eved.  An  alternative  to  deep  planting  would 
be  complete  surface  protection,  a  heavy  mulching  of 
short  manure  or  Bracken.  The  idea  of  affording  the 
beds  a  living  muich  as,  for  example,  the  new  AJlwoodii 
Pinks,  by  way  of  protection  we  should  not  favour.  These 
Allwoodiis — we  speak  as  ha^ing  authority  and  not  wholly 
as  scribes — are  quite  good  enough  alone,  and  should  be 
able  to  play  their  part  well.  Moreover,  Gladioli-time 
is  AJhvoodii-time  too,  and  there  might  be  no  end  of  bad 
language  used  if  the  two  got  together  and  could  not  agree 
as  to  which  was  best.  Then  as  some  colours  do  "  swear  " 
at  others  in  the  garden  occasionally,  the  "  good  "  gardener 
should  discourage  that  kind  of  thing  by  every  means 
in  his  power. 

THE     GREENHOUSE. 

PRIMULA  OBCONICA  FAILING  (J.  A.,  Renfreu).— 
The  watering  has  been  at  fault.  Kever  let  the  plant 
get  too  dry  nor  have  too  dry  an  atmosphere  for  them; 
on  the  other  hand,  do  not  let  the  soil  become  too  wet. 

ORNITHOGALUM  LACTEUM  (Dcvotishire  and  R.  S.  S.). 
— Tin'  Chinkerichees  is  not  much  grown  in  this  country 
outside  botanic  gardens,  and  a  few  places  wh.re  ImUis 
are  a  speciality.  We  think  that  our  correspoiul'uts  eould 
procure   bulbs  from  Barr  and  Sons,  King  Street,  Co\'ent 


TREES     AND     SHRUBS. 

THE  CORNELIAN  CHERRY  (CORNUS  MAS)  {R.  H., 
S' ratford-on-Avon). — The  flowering  tree  sent  for  identifica- 
t  iou  is  Cornus  Mas,  the  Cornel.an  Cherry.     The  flowers 


FLOWERING     SPKAVS      OF      TiiE      CORNELIAN 
CHERRY    AND     WILLOW^     CATKINS, 

Btflh   of   which   are    exceplionaUy   early    tliis    year 


are  usually  produced  in  February  and  March,  and  are 
bright  yellow  at  their  best.  This  tree  is  a  native  of 
Europe,  and  has  been  cultivated  for  many  centuries  in 
Britain.  It  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  trtes  we  have  for 
early  flowering. 

CLIPPING  YEW  HEDGES  (X.  0.  H.,  Forts).— Yew 
hedges  may  be  clipper!  at  once.  The  best  time  to  clip 
them,  however,  is  at  tlie  end  of  summer. 

PRESERVING  BERRIES  (Billberry).~\\c  regret  to  say 
that  we  do  not  know  of  any  method  of  preserving  the 
berries  of  shrubs  whereby  they  may  be  available  in  their 
natiiral  colours  for  house  decoration  for  an  indefinite 
length  of  time. 


ROSE     GARDEN. 

A  GOOD  BRONZE  CLIMBING  ROSE  (A.  W..  Walton), 
— We  have  never  heard  of  the  Kose  Empress  of  Austria* 
A  good  bronze  climber  is  Aviateur  Bleriot.  It  is  not 
single.  There  is  a  single  Rose  named  Austrian  Copper 
and  it  is  sometimes  used  as  a  climber. 

ROSES  AND  BLACK  SPOT  (D.  C.  Gorfa/miH^).— Rose- 
growers  are  still  somewhat  jtuzzkd  as  to  the  treatment  for 
this  terrible  plague,  but  a  very  useful  plan  and  one  that 
will  mitigate  the  evil,  is  to  dress  the  soil  in  November 
with  iron  sulphate  and  again  in  February,  using  about 
6  ounces  to  a  bed  10  feet  by  5  feet.  In  our  correspondent's 
ease  it  would  be  advisablcto  dress  the  soil  now  and  again 
in  March.  Spray  every  week  from  March  till  May  with 
Bordeaux  Mixture. 


72 


THE    GARDEN. 


[February  5,   1921. 


FRUIT    GARDEN. 

NECTARINES  CRACKING  (C.  M.  P.,  West  Australia).— 
The  cracking  of  the  Nectarines  is  due  either  to  irregulari- 
ties in  the  water  supply,  such  as,  for  instance,  a  copious 
supply  following  a  dry  period,  or  to  lack  of  lime  in  the 
soil.  The  latter  is  a  particularly  common  cause  of  this 
damage. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

LEAF-SOIL  (A.  C.  C,  Hampstead).— Oak  and  Beech 
leaves  make  the  best  leaf-soil,  perhaps  Walnut,  Larch 
and  Pine  the  worst.  The  leaves  which  decay  into  a  wet 
mess  on  the  one  hand  are  not  at  all  satisfactory,  nor  are 
those,  on  the  other,  which  resist  decay  for  a  long  time. 
Ivy  leaves  are  little  likely  to  be  injurious,  but  they  do  not 
decay  very  quickly. 

NAME  OF  PLANT.— 4.  O.  S.,  Kidderminster.— BfT- 
beris  buxifolia  (syn.  B.  dulcis)  var.  nana.  B.  buxifolia 
grows  8  feet  high ;  var.  nana  1  toot  or  18  inches. 


Publication  Received. 


'  College  Botany,  Structure,  Physiology  and  Economics 
of  Plants,"  by  Melville  Thurston  Cook.  Ph.D.  Publ  shed 
by  J.  B.  Luppincott  Company,  Philadelphia  and  London  ; 
price  l'2s.  6d.  net. 


FEEDING    BEES   WITH 
SOFT    CANDY 

THOUGH  it  is  murh  too  early  in  the 
year  to  disturb  bees,  it  would  be  as 
well  if  there  is  any  doubt  as  to  their 
food  supply  to  give  each  colony  a  cake 
of  well-made  soft  candy.  This  should 
be  placed  directly  over  the  feed  hole  in  the  lower 
quilt  and  wrapped  up  warmly. 

Owing  to  the  mild  weather  which  we  have 
experienced  this  winter,  the  bees  will  probably 
have  consumed  more  than  their  normal  ration 
of  stores  ;  hence  the  risk  of  starvation  at  the 
present  time.  The  stronger  the  stock  the  greater 
the  danger. 

In  most  colonies  breeding  will  have  commenced, 
so  it  will  be  advisable  to  mix  pea  flour  with  the 
candy.  This  acts  as  a  substitute  for  natural 
pollen — the  nitrogenous  food  of  the  young  larva;. 

The  following  is  a  simple  recipe  for  making 
soft  candy  :  To  filb.  of  the  best  white  cane  sugar 
add  one  pint  of  hot  water.  Use  for  preference 
either  an  aluminium  or  enamelled  pan ;  stand 
it  beside  the  fire,  stirring  occasionally  until  the 
sugar  is  all  dissolved ;  now  add  half  a  small 
teaspoon  of  cream  of  tartar. 

Place  the  pan  over  a  brisk  fire  or  gas  ring  and 
boil  for  about  four  minutes,  then  remove  from  the 
fire  and  stand  the  pan  in  another  vessel  containing 
cold  water  until  the  syrup  begins  to  cloud  over. 
Directly  cloudiness  appears,  stir  vigorously, 
sprinkling  in  about  half  a  pound  of  pea  flour  at 
the  same  time.  When  the  syrup  has  so  thickened 
that  stirring  is  difficult,  it  should  at  once  be 
poured  into  suitable  receptacles.  Section  squares 
with  the  bee  ways  cut  dovm  and  glazed  on  one 
side  make  very  convenient  boxes  for  holding 
candy  _:    each  will  contain  about  ilb. 

When  the  candy  is  set,  it  should  be  a  moist, 
solid  mass,  easily  cut  into  with  the  finger-nail. 
If  the  candy  is  too  hard  the  bees  will  be  unable 
to  make  use  of  it  without  leaving  the  hive  to 
obtain  water ;  if  too  soft  there  is  the  risk  of  it 
running  down  between  the  combs  and  smothering 
many  bees. 

Failures  in  making  good  candy  are  often  the 
result  of  (r)  sugar  not  being  properly  dissolved 
before  putting  pan  on  fire ;  (2)  over-boiling  ; 
(3)  stirring  syrup  before  it  has  cooled  down 
sufficiently. 

In  making  candy  it  is  a  good  plan  to  cover 
the  pan  with  a  lid  as  soon  as  the  syrup  has  reached 
boiling  point ;  the  confined  steam  will  then  melt 
any  particle  of  undissolved  sugar  which  may  be 
adhering  to  the  side  of  the  pari.     A  few  undissolved 


crystals  will  often  cause  the  whole  mass  to 
crystallise  during  the  stirring  process ;  should 
this  occur,  the  candy  must  be  reboiled  for  about 
five  minutes,  adding  at  the  same  time  another 
pint  of  water. 

If  the  synip  is  stirred  before  it  has  cooled 
sufficiently  it  will  probably  set  very  hard  and  be 
quite  unsuitable  for  bee  food.  Before  beginning 
to  stir,  it  should  be  possible  to  hold  the  hand 
against  the  bottom  of  the  saucepan  without  any 
discomfort. 

If  the  candy  is  being  made  with  the  help  of 
a  sugar  boiler's  thermometer  the  pan  should  be 
kept  on  the  fire  until  the  temperature  reaches 
236°  Fahr.  and  then  immediately  removed  and 
the  syrup  allowed  to  cool  as  above. 

Birdwood,   Wells.  L.  Bigg-Wither. 


Raspberry   Cultivation 

WHILE  visiting  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Evesham  recently,  I 
was  very  much  impressed  by  the 
vast  areas  used  for  Raspberry 
growing.  In  several  instances  whole 
gardens,  particularly  those  of  some  of  the  cottagers, 
were  almost  completely  devoted  to  this  popular 
and  profitable  fruit.  Unlike  the  Gooseberry  and 
Currant,  the  Raspberry,  even  in  a  wild  state,  is 
often  found  of  good  size  and  high  quality,  though 
cultivation,  of  course,  improves  it,  and  several 
superior  varieties  are  in  commerce.  The  stems 
are  biennial,  that  is,  those  that  are  produced  one 
year  fruit  the  next  and  then  usually  die,  so  that 
Raspberries  always  run,  £is  it  were,  two  crops 
abreast,  one  of  fruiting  and  the  other  of  growing 
shoots.  All  these  shoots  are  called  canes,  from,  I 
suppose,  their  smooth  and  straight  character,  and 
the  chief  aim  in  Raspberry  culture  is  to  maintain 
a  constant  succession  of  these  canes,  as  strong  and 
as  straight  as  possible. 

There  is  only  one  successful  method  of  propa- 
gation, and  that  is  from  suckers.  The  plants  of 
Raspberries  are  really  aggregates  of  plants  called 
stools.  Each  stool  is  composed  of  from  three  to 
seven  canes,  four  being  an  average.  From  each 
of  these  separate  canes  one  or  more  offsets,  or 
suckers,  may  arise  ;  some  have  few,  others  many. 
In  some  the  sucker  is  so  close  to  the  plant  that 
it  is  impossible  to  move  it  except  by  damaging 
the  parent  plant.  In  others  the  suckers  come  up 
6  inches,  7  inches,  12  inches  and  even  18  inches 
from  the  plant,  and  it  is  with  these  that  new 
plantations  should  be  made,  being  well  rooted  and 
easily  detached  without  injury  to  the  stools. 
Prepare  the  ground  lor  the  reception  of  young 
plants  by  trenching  and  incorporating  plenty  of 
well  decayed  manure,  particularly  under,  and 
with  the  soil  below  the  root  level,  for  Raspberries 
revel  in  plenty  of  rich  food  of  the  farmyard  type. 
The  soil  cannot  be  too  rich,  deep  and  moist.  The 
vale  of  Evesham  and  most  of  the  land  between 
Bromsgrove  and  Gloucester  apparently  contains 
soil  admirably  suited  for  Raspberries,  just  as  that 
around  Wisbech  and  many  parts  of  Lincolnshire 
does  for  Potatoes. 

Although  Raspberries  will  live  in  clay  soil,  they 
detest  it,  and  the  growth  is  puny  and  weak,  unless 
special  preparation  is  made  for  them.  All  our 
improved  varieties  have  been  raised  from  seed,  and 
our  fruit  specialists  deserve  our  thanks  for  the 
raising  of  several  excellent  varieties,  if  not  larger 
than  some  of  the  older  varieties,  they  have  other 
meritorious  qualities,  such  as  later  fruiting,  and, 
I  might  say,  continuous  fruiting  from  July  till 
November. 

The  root  buds  must  be  left  intact  and  protected, 
as   these   are   the   canes    which   should   fruit    the 


next  year.  As  to  distance  apart,  that  varies 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  soil,  from  4  feet 
to  6  feet  between  the  rows  and  2  feet  to  4  feet 
between  the  plants,  but  a  yard  between  the  stools 
and  4  feet  between  the  rows  are  good  average  dis- 
tances. In  ordinary  planting,  three  suckers 
should  be  planted  together,  about  9  inches  to  a 
foot  apart,  so  as  to  form  a  triangle.  Plant  rather 
deeply,  and  unless  the  canes  are  very  fine  indeed, 
it  is  better  to  cut  the  plants  douTi  to  within  6  inches 
of  the  soil  shortly  after  growth  starts  in  the  spring. 
This  treatment  concentrates  the  energy  of  the 
more  active  roots  into  production  of  fine  bearing 
canes  for  the  following  season.  In  the  case  of 
specially  strong  canes,  these  may  be  left  a  foot 
or  more  long,  or  even  be  allowed  to  carry  a  little 
fruit  the  first  year. 

Raspberries  require  no  pruning  in  the  sense  of 
that  given  to  other  fruit  trees.  The  pruning,  if  I 
may  call  it  so,  consists  in  the  cutting  out  of  the 
old  canes  down  to  the  base  of  the  stool  as  soon  as 
the  fruit  has  been  gathered,  and  the  thinning  of  the 
new  canes  to  from  three  to  five. 

Towards  autumn,  these  may  be  topped,  but 
this  is  by  no  means  essential,  the  spring  being 
equally  good,  if  not  better,  for  this  operation,  as 
the  growth  acts  somewhat  as  a  protection  during 
frosty  weather.  A  deep  tilth  of  at  least  a  yard, 
plenty  of  manure  and  an  annual  top-dressing  of 
the  latter  after  growth  has  started,  cannot  fail  to 
produce  good  results. 

Moreton  House,  Easlbourne.       Geo.  Burrows. 


Mr.  A.  W.  Hill.— We  understand  that  Mr. 
A.  W'.  HUl,  F.R.S.,  Assistant  Director  of  the 
Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Kew,  sailed  on  January  20 
by  the  Benue  on  a  mission  for  the  Government 
to  the  Caraeroons  and  Nigeria. 


Seeds  for  early  SoK-iiig 
under  Glass. 
BEST    TOMATOES    (BIDES 
RECRUIT).— We   have  grown 
til  is    alongside    other    varieties 
for  market  work,  and  consider 
it   the    heaviest    bearer   of  all, 
while  the  quality   is  first  rate. 
6d.  and  1  -  per  f>kt. 
CARTERS  SUNRISE,  a  fine 
variety   carrying  long    regular 
bunches  of  medium-sized  fruit, 
colour    and    flavour    not    sur- 
passed by  any  variety.    3d.  and 
6d.  per  pkt. 

KONDINE  RED.  A  fairly 
large  tomato  of  good  shape, 
colour  and  quality,  and  a  tre- 
mendous cropper.  Much  grown 
in  Guernsey.  AM  R.H.S.  1916 
3d.  and  6d.  pkt. 

UP-TO-DA  IE,  a  very  heavy 
cropper,  plant  robust  but  short- 
jointed,  good  quality.  3d.  and 
6d.  per  pkt. 

ONION    AILS  A  CRAIG.— For 
exhibition  and  general  use.  Per 
pkt   6d.,per  0Z.3I-. 
CUCUMBERS.  —  Every   Day, 
Lochie's     Perfection,     Selected 
Te.'egraph ,    Match  less ,     Sensa- 
tion   All  6d.  and  Ij-  per  pkt. 
Please  send  postage  for  amounts 
under  2/- 
Catalogue  free  on  application. 

J.  R.  Pearson  &Sons, 
Lowdham. 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


■■ymXJ 

MX 


MX 
,'*VrfX 

p.  ...I.ti.    "3 


mx 


February  5,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Seed  Pi 


GUARANTEED    SCOTCH    GROWN. 

COTTAGERS'    COLLECTIONS. 

THE     EARLY    NON-IMMUNE  COLLECTION. 


I 


I 


The  Collection,  10/ 
Double  Quantity, 
19, 


SJlb.  Myatt's  Ashleaf 
SJlb.  Sharpe's  Express 
Sjib,  Midlothian    Early 
3Jlb.  Early  Rose. 

THE    EARLY     IMMUNE    COLLECTION. 

Silb.  Dargill   Early 
3ilb.  Arran  Rose. 
SJlb.  Witch  Hill. 
3ilb.  Edzell  Blue. 


The  Collection,  10 

Double  Quantity, 

19/ 

THE    SECOND    EARLY    MAINCROP     IMMUNE 
COLLECTION. 

Sjlb!  Ar^rkn  Comrade.  |  ^,5^  ??"S*'°";-." 

sflb.  Majestic.  r  Double^uant.ty, 


3Hb.  The  Bishop. 

H'2lb.       SOlb.  281b.       141b. 
EARLIES,    SCOTCH.      IMIVIUNES. 

Jargill  Early 32,,         17/  9/  5; 

Witch  Hill         40/         21/         11/  6/ 

irran  Rose      25/         13/  7/  4/ 

Edzell   Blue       25/         13/  7/  4 

SECOND    EARLIES,    SCOTCH.      IMMUNES. 

areat  Scot        24/         13/  7/  4/ 

Wly 24/  13/  7/  4/ 

King  George 20/         11/  6/         3/6 

Hrran  Comrade      .  .      . .     24/         13/  7/  4/ 


EARLIES,    ENGLISH.      IMMUNES. 


ENGLISH.      IMMUNES. 


»rran  Rose      18;  10  6 

Edzell  Blue 18  10  6 

Dargill    Early 25  13  6       7  6 

SECOND    EARLIES, 

Qreat  Scot        20/  11/  6/ 

King  George 15/  8/6  5/ 

Arran  Comrade      ..      .  20/  11/  6/ 

The  Ally 20/  11/  6/ 

Early   Eclipse  25/  13/6  7/6 

Epicures 22  12/  7/ 

EARLIES,    ENGLISH. 

May  Queen       30  16/  9/ 

Midlothian   Early  30  16/  9/ 

Duke  of  York  30  16  9; 

Sharpe's  Express  21/  11,6  6/6 

Sharpe's   Victor  21/  116  6  6 

Early   Rose        21/  11,6  6  6 

Ringleader         21/  11/6  6,6 

Pink   Hebron 21/  11/6  6,6 

Eclipse       18/  10/  6/ 

Epicures 18/  10/  6 

SECOND    EARLIES,    SCOTCH. 

British   Queen  20 

Queen   Mary 20 

Dalmeny   Radium  .         .  .  20 

Dalhousie  . .  22 

Royal   Kidney 20 


3  6 

3  6 

4  3 


71b. 

3 

3  6 
2  6 
2  6 

2  6 
2,6 
2  6 
2,6 

2  6 
2/6 
2  6 


ron   Duke         20/ 

Basic  Slag,  30  %    .  .       .  .  12/ 

Superphosphate,  3(1  ",,    .  13/ 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia  40 

Potash  (Kainit)       .  .  32 

All   Round  Manure  24, 
(Our  0%vu  .Mi.\iii  J  \ 

MAINCROP, 

King  Edward 16/ 

Up-to-Date       16/ 

The  Factor       16/ 

Arran  Chief     16/ 

Northar  Star  16/ 

Iron   Duke  16/ 

Royal  Kidney 16/ 

Dalhousie  16/ 

Evergood 16/ 

Scottish  Farmer  16' 

Scottish  Triumph  16, 


10  6 
10  6 

10  e 

11  6 
10  6 
10/6 

6/6 

7/ 
20/ 
16/ 
12/ 


6 
6 
6 

6  6 
6, 
6, 
3/6 
4/ 
10/ 
8/ 
6/ 


ENGLISH. 
9; 

9/ 
9/ 
9/ 
9/ 
9/ 
9/ 
9/ 
9/ 
9/ 
9/ 


5/ 
5/ 
5/ 
-5/ 
5/ 
5/ 
S/ 
5/ 
5/ 
5/ 
5/ 


3/6 

3/ 
3/6 
3/6 
4/3 

4/ 

5/ 
5, 
5, 
3/6 
3/6 
3  6 
3  6 
3  6 
3  6 
3  6 

3  6 

3  6 

3  6 

4 

3,6 

36 

2/ 

2/6 

5/6 

4/6 

3  6 


3 

3/ 
3/ 
3/ 
3/ 
3/ 
3/ 
3/ 
3/ 
3/ 
3/ 


2/6 

2/ 

2/6 

2/6 

2,6 

2/6 

3/ 
3/ 
3/ 
2  3 
2  3 
2,3 
2/3 
2  3 
2  3 
2  3 

2  6 
2  6 
2  6 
2  6 
2  6 
2,6 
1,3 
1,6 
3/ 
2  6 
2 


2 

2/ 

2/ 
2/ 
2/ 
2/ 
2/ 
2/ 
2/ 
2/ 
2/ 


6/ 
6/ 
5  3 
5,3 
5/ 
5/ 
4/3 
4  3 


3  6 

3  6 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2,6 

2/6 


Myatt's  Ashleaf  40/  21/  11/ 

May  Queen       40/  21/  11/ 

Duke  of  York  34/  18/  9/6 

Midlothian  Early    .  34/  18/  9'6 

Ninetyfold  32/  17/  9/ 

Puritan       32/  17/  9/ 

Sharpe's  Express  .  .  25/  13  6         7/6 

Sir  John  Llewellyn  25/  13  6         7/6 

CARRIAGE    PAID    PASSENGER    RATES. 

Carriage  on  StM-J  PotatoL-s  ij  nitt  paid,  and  L'u^toinir.-.  will 
therefore  kindly  note  that  their  Putattjrs  will  be  eonsigncd  jilt 
Goods  Train,  carriatie  to  pay,  unless  required  to  be  sent  by 
Passenger  Train,  in  which  ease  the  carriage  having  to  be  pre- 
wid,  a  sufficient  sum  must  be  included  in  the  remittance.  The 
charges  are  as  follows  : — 

Tib.         141b.      28Ib.      561b.  1121b. 
Up  to    30  miles       ..      ..       1/  1/4        1/9        2/4      3/3 

Up  to     50  miles        ..      ..        1/  1/6         1/11       2/6      4/3 

Up  to  100  miles       ....       1/  1/7        2/1         3/6      6/3 

Up  to  200  miles        ..      ..        1/  1/9         2/4         4/6       8/4 

Over     200  miles        .,      ..       1/  1/11       2/11       S/1010/4 

Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  diUvery. 
Send  for  otir  Illustrated  List,  a  complete  guide  to  Potato  Growing. 
It_  will  interest  you. 

TOM    E.    RING,    Ltd., 
Somersham,    St.    Ives,   Hunts. 

Contractor  to_Bis  Majesty's  Government. 


The 


^^0  WORLD'S  BEST 
^^  STRAIN 


Unequalled        for         Richness        of 

Colour,     Beauty      of      Form      and 

Size     of     Flowers. 


Send  for  Catalogue — Post   Free. 

JOHN  K.  KING  &  SONS  Ltd. 

COGGESHALL,    Essex. 


DOBBIE'S  CATALOGUE 


And  Guide  to  Gardening. 


-Spring  1921 


A    FREE    COPY 

WUl  be  ient  to  anyone  interested 
in  G.irdenini  who  makes  apf>li- 
cation  and  mentions  The  Gardi  n 


Our  House  is   noted  for    HIGH- 
GRADE  VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER 
SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 
POTATOES,  and  PLANTS. 

IN     SWEET     PEAS     WE     ARE     PRE-EMINENT. 


DOBBIE  &  Co.  Ltd.  '""Tm"  ?h"e\'!r""' 

EDINBURGH. 


MAURICE  PRIGHARD'S 

Catalo;.^ue  of  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants, 

Aquatics,  etc.,  now  ready  for  1921.  Many 
new  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  therein. 
New  Aubrietias,   New  Saxifragas. 

New  Moraine  .Alpine  Plant  offered  for  Hrst  time — 
Epodium   chamaedpyoides   rosea  (R.V.P.) 

Catalogue  sent  free,  2d.  stamp. 

Riverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 

Es^t,ib!ished  30  years. 


IF     YOU     WANT 


Really  Good  Seeds 

AT     MODERATE     PRICES 


SEND    TO 


ROBERT  SYDENHAM  LIMITED 

99,  TENBY  STREET,  BIRMINGHAM 

No   one   mvUI   serve  you    better. 
A     FEW      PRICES      FOR      1921. 


BEET. 

Cheltenham  Qreen  Leaf,  bt^st  for  flavour 
Dell's  Black  Leaved,  smooth,  mt-'dium-sized  roots 
Early  Model  Qlobe,  best  round  variety 

BORECOLE. 

Cottager's,  onf  of  tlip  hardest 

Dwarf  Qreen  Curled  Scotch^  the  best  Dwart    . . 

Asparagus,  dilicious  flavour 

BROCCOLI. 

Veitch's  Self- Protecting  Autumn 

Snow's  Winter  White 

Spring  White,  very  hardy. . 

Late  Queen,  the  best  late   . . 

Purple  Sprouting,  most  Qseful  hardy  sort 

White  Sprouting,  dtlicious  flavour 

BRUSSELS   SPROUTS. 

The  Wroxton,  the  v*  ry  best 

Darlington,  dwarf  robust,  viiy  fMoiIuctive 

CABBAGE. 

Ellam's  Early  Dwarf  Spring 

First  and  Best,  bi>l  for  Autumn  sowing 
Blood  Red  Pickling,  Large  ^olid  heads  .. 
Drumhead  (Savoy),  best  for  general  crop 

CARROT. 

Early  Nantes,  for  early  crop 
James  Scarlet,  best  selected 
Scarlet  Intermediate,  best  for  exhibition 

CAULIFLOWER.         p 

Dean's  Early  Snowball,  siloctid  strain 

All  the  Year  Round,  very  distinct,  large  heads 

Early  London,  be^t  for  general  use 

Veitcli's  Autumn  Qiant,  best  for  use  in  Autumn      per  i 

CELERY. 

All  Leading  Varieties 

LEEK. 

The  Lyon,  best  and  largest 
Musselburgh,  for  general  use 

LETTUCE. 

All  the  Year  Round,  excellent  and  reliable 

Unique,  pietty  frilled  foliage,  and  tender 

Wonderful,  keep^  tender  a  long  time 

Qiant  Paris  White  (Cos),  best  for  summer 

Balloon  (Cos),  largest  of  all  .... 

ONION. 

Excelsior  (true),  packets  750  Ml (U  6d.     .. 
Ailsa  Craig,  paekt-t'^  750  M-ids  6d. 
White  Spanish  or  Reading  .. 

Bedfordshire  Champion      . 
Qiant  Zittau,  on'-  of  ih*-  best  keepers 
Qiant  White  Tripoli,  best  flat  white  onion 

PARSNIP. 

Hollow  Crown,  specially  selected.  . 

SPINACH. 

Summer  or  Winter 

SHALLOTS. 

Best  Selected  Roots 

TURNIP. 

Model  White  Stone 

Extra  Early  Milan  Purple-top    . . 

Qolden  Ball 


per  0  2. 
9d. 
9d. 
9d. 


8d. 
lOd. 
lOd. 


lie 

18 
1/9 
19 
8d. 
1,6 


1/- 
1/2 


lOd. 
1  - 
1  - 
9d. 


8d. 
8d. 
8d. 

r  pkt. 

6d. 

6d. 

6d. 
;.  1  6 


3d. 

er  oz. 
1,6 
14 


8d. 
8d. 
9d. 
8d. 
9d. 


2/- 
2/- 
1/- 

i;6 

1,8 
16 


per  oz. 
4d. 


4d. 

per  lb. 
6d. 

per  oz. 
6d. 
9d. 
6d. 


PEAS, 

from  1,6  per  pint 


BEANS, 

from  1-  per  pint 


SCOTCH   SEED   POTATOES. 

ALL    THE      LEADINQ     VARIETIES      AT     MODERATE 

PRICES.     See  Catalogue. 
ALL    OTHER    SEEDS    EQUALLY    CHEAP    AND     GOOD 


SWEET    PEAS    A    SPECIALITY. 
THEIR     UNIQUE     LISTS 

Post  Free  on  application. 

ROBERT     SYDENHAM     LIMITED 


VI. 


THE    Gx\RDEN. 


[February  5,   1921. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 


JAPANESE, 

for  Exhibition  Blooms,  Incurved,  Singles, 
and  Decoratives  for  the  Greenhouse 

Should    be   obtained   during    February. 

Our    selection    of   best    varieties    6/-    per    dozen 

Early  flowering  varieties  for  the  garden  to 
be  planted  in  April  or  May.  Our  seleclions 
5/-    per     dozen,    or    100    in    25    sorts     for    30/. 

WELLS'     BOOK, 

"THE  CULTURE  OF  THE  CHRYSANTHEMUM," 

in    ai't    paper    co\'ers,    2/9    po.-^t    fi'cc, 
or   in   quarter  cloth,   3/10    post  free. 


Write  for  Catalogue  and  Novelty  List .  post  free- 


W.  WELLS  &  CO.,  MERSTHAM,  SURREY. 


''To  Lovers  of  the  Garden  Beautiful.* 


600  Illustrations  from  life  of  Hardy  Flowering 
Shrubs,  Trees,  Climbors,  Plants  for  thf  Waterside, 
Shrubbery,  Avenue,  Woodland,  Bog,  Bamboo, 
Dell  and  Rock  Garden,  with  di'scription  and 
notes  as  to  planting.     Copii  s  gratis  on  application. 


V.  N.  GAUNTLETT  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
Japanese  Nurseries, 

CHIDDINGFOLD,  Surrey.       (Carriage  Paid.) 


«AHM>MWi^ 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL.  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


38.000   SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND    SET 
WORKING     IN    A     FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &.  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


I  II  Tinix»nirfnnw>r>ri»it~r  n' "n  •iirrti'rr  •nftTrirrrav 


HEAVY  WINTER  EGG  PRODUCTION 

canrot   lit.'  a\'oidt;i.l   so  Ions;  as 

''GORDON     GRAY" 

LIGHT     SUSSEX 

are   r.Rularly  kept  in  VOUR  YARDS. 

EGOS      FOR     HATCH  INQ     NOW     READY. 

Full    particulars    apply   -     Deansbrook  Poultry  Farm, 

Q.  GORDON  GRAY,  Ltd.     THAXTED  -       ESSEX. 


THE    CLOCHE    CLIP 


THE    CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 


PATISNTED 
IN  THE  U.K 
&     ABROAD. 


FOR    making  continuous  and  ottier  Cloches  for  the  rrotection  of  seeds,  plants 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  ur  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.    Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used,  also  old  photottrapbic  plates.     The  Clip  will 
make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  hand'ed  without  filling  apart. 
Price 71  d02.    Postage:  9d.  1  doz..  11-2  doz  ;  avep2d02.  Carriage  Paid.    Cash  with  order 

Piirtculayfi  aiui  rffSiRiis  of  CVoc/u'.-i  in  Viiriott^  Kluif-CR  wiH  be  sent  on  afitilieation. 

THE    CLOCHE     CLIP     CO.,     94,     Woodbridge      Road,     Guildford,     Surrey 


Send  a  Post  Card  for  a  copy 
of  our  beautifully  Illustrated 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 

^^^  Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 

and  other  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds.  No  lieen 
gardener  should  be  without  this  most  interesting; 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  croppinft 
trial  of  about  30  of  the  most  popular  varieties  of 
Potatoes.    Write  to-day  mentioning  this  paper. 

Special  Quotations  to  large  btiyers,  also  to 
Aliotmenf  Associations. 

THYNE  &  SON  J«r„.s  DUNDEE 


■k. 


PATTISSON'S 
HORSE  (LAWN)   BOOTS 

You  will  need  boots  for  next  season. 

Why  not  have  your  old  ones  repaired  or  new  ones  made 
NOW.   AND    BE    READY   tor  the   Mowing   Season  ? 

Orders  now  despatched  by  return. 

Price  Lists  from  the  Maiiii/actiirers  : 

H.  PATTISSON  &  CO.,  Streatham  Common,  S.W.16 


USE  CORRV'S  CELEBRATED  CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER    DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint.        Quart.     !-Gall.      1  Gall.         3  Gall.        5  Call.    lOGall. 
each       2|3         3,9  6/-         11)-  25,6         40/-         76/- 

SOLD    BY     THE     TRADE     GENERALLY. 

Manufactured    by   CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd.,    London. 


CHARLES  TURNER'S 

CATALOGUE    OF 

GARDEN  SEEDS  FOR  1921 

IS     NOW     READY, 
and  can  be  had  on  application. 


THE    ROYAL  NURSERIES, 


SLOUGH. 


PW^I 


BU  LBS 


AND 


PLANTS 


Fop   Spring,   1921. 


All     of     the      Finest      Qualify. 


The   Catalogue  of  above  will  be 

sent,    post    free,    oa    application 

to  their  Offices  at 

Ovenveen,     Haarlem, 
HOLLAND. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    List. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed    Potato    Merchants,   YORK. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

K     J?     9? 

THE    BEST   AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for   Roses,    Vines, 

Clematis,      Orchids,      and 

Clirysantliemums. 

Fancy     Fern     Pans     and 

Bulb  Bowls, 

from  4d.  each. 

No  Waiting  ! 

Alt    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Roi'Lil     Potteries, 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM. 


February   5,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Write    for    ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE    POST    FREE 

from 


TESTED 


REGISTERED  TRADE  MARK 


T^^^fi 


RAYNES  PARK,  LONDON,  S.W. 

r  237   &   238,   High   Holborn,  W.C. 


Branches 


53a,   Queen   Victoria   Street,    E.C. 


CARNATIONS 


FOR     ANY     AND 
EVERY     PURPOSE 

L\RGE  FLOWEKING   PLANTS  in  6  in.  Pots  for  Green- 

hjuse  or  Garden  cultivjtion.  from  35/-  per  dozen,  carriage 

extra.    Immediate  or  deferred  delivery. 

HARDY  BORDER  CARNATIONS. 

We  have  simply  maj;nifijent  stocks  of  all  the  best  varieties 
The  undermentioned  collections  are  available: — 

Coll.  No.  lc.~6  d-s  Inct  varieties,  12/- 

Coll.    No.    2c.— 12    disiinct    varieties.    24/- 

Coll.  No.  3c.— 100  Plants   in   Ibe    twelve  best  standard 

varieties.  140  - 

Carriage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

ALLWOODII. 

The  new  hird^-  Garden  Plant.  Half  Pinlt  and  half  Carnation. 
it  needs  no  culture,  but  grows  by  itself  anywhere,  and  Howers 
rerpetually  from  SprinB  to  Winter.  We  can  give  immediate 
delivery,  and  offer  the  undermentioned  collections: — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties,  11/- 

Coll  No.2b.— 9  distinct  varieties  (including  3  novelties),Z3/6 

Coll.    Ko.    3b.  — 12     distinct    varieties    (including    all  6 

novelties),  40/- 

Carriaga  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

CV  LTURAL     BOOKLET,    6d.    post    free. 

Fully    Illustrate!    an  I    descriptive    Catalogue    will    be 
forwarded   post  f>  ee  on  request. 

I  When  yoD  think  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


The  leading  Cainatio  i  Raisers  and  Specialists 

in  the  World,  Dept.  4, 
HAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


SPRING     OFFER 

OF 

FRUIT  TREES,   ROSES, 
HARDY  PERENNIALS, 

Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

We  are  now  in   a  oosition    to   give   nrompi   delivery. 

The  following  Illustrated  Catalogues  free  on 
request ; — 

(1)  Fruit  Trees,  Roses,  Hardy  Perennials. 

(2)  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbers,  etc. 

Good  specimens  of  Cedrus  Deodara,  Cupressus 
Lawsoniana,  Thuya  Lobii,  Abies  Nordmanniana, 
Evergreen  Oaks,  Green  Euonynius,  Limes,  Horse 
Chestnuts,  English  Oaks.  Turkey  Oaks,  Elms  in 
variety.  Copper  Beech,  and  other  trees  suitable  for 
Avenue  or  Ornamental  group  planting. 

Particulars    and    Prices   on    application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


ESTABLISHED     1 870. 


WALTER  BLOM  &  SON,  F.R.H.S. 

OVERVEEN,     HOLLAND. 


SUPERB     BEGONIAS. 


BLOM'S    GIANT    STRAIN. 

Per  IIHI. 
Single,     separate     coloui's,     bronzy    salmon,     orange     scarlet,    rose,     scarlet. 

white,    yellow Each  colour  1 5/- 

Choice  Mixture,  extra  selected  bulbs    1 4./- 

Choice  Mixture,  selected  bulbs 1  0/6 

Double,     separate     colours,    bronzy    salmon,    orange    scarlet,    rose,    scarlet, 

white,    yellow Each  colour  1 8/6 

Choice  Mixture,  e.xtra  selected  bulbs    1  7/6 

Choice  Mixture,  selected    bulbs 1  3/6 


Doz 

2/3 

2/ 
1/6 

2/6 
2/4 

2 


Terms  z—All  orders    to    the    value    of  £1    and    upwards    carriage    paid. 
Smaller    orders    pay    21-    to    cover    cost    of  postage. 

PREPAID       ORDERS       10       PER       CENT.       DISCOUNT. 


I  Wv       GIANT 

\^         SWEET  PEAS 

Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM. 

Are  the  mammnths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  ihe  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  posse-s  a  c^ioice 
delic:icy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
shou  d  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 


12  Variet 

es 

separate  and  named 

5/6 

18 

8- 

24 

10/6 

30 

12  6 

40 

176 

50 

22/6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH    WITH   ORDER. 

All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  m  'gnificent  for  all  purposes. containing 
a  wonderful  rjnge  of  the  mo«t  gorgeous 
colours :  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of    all   the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.FRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.   61),   WEM,   Shropshire. 

Also   (he   finest   Flower   Seeds.    Vegetable 
Seeds.    Potatoes,    etc. 


This  is  how  we  offer 
Certified   Class  I 
Perthshire    Gro^wn 

RE-SELECTED 

SEED  POTATOES 

Qrown  for  SEED  ONLY,  on  our  own  land 
near  Blairgowrie,  railed  to  LIVERPOOL 
and  re-selected,  ready  for  PROMPT 
DISPATCH  Carriage  Paid,  Bags  Free, 
on  orders  of  £1   and  upwards. 


SAFE   DELIVERY  &  SATISFACTION 
GUARANTEED  or  CASH  REFUNDED 


Why  Risk 
Carriage 

Forzcard  

O.ffers  ?  ^^^^^^^^~~~"" 

Tlie  following  potatoes  are  selected 
CROPPING  Qualities,  but  we  can  otter 
required,  also  quote  tor  QUANTITIES 
1st.    EARLY.      PRICES       14 
SUTTON'S  HARBINGER  5  9 


for  good  TABLE  ana 
other  varieties  wtiere 


SHARPE'S    EXPRESS  6  3 

DAROILL    EARLY  6  9 

WITCH    HILL  7- 

2nd    EARLY 

ARRAN   COMRADE  6  3 

^MAJESTIC  5  6 

lEDZELL  BLUE  4  6 

I  GREAT    SCOT  4  6 

KINO    EDWARD  4  9 

LATE  or   MAINCROP. 

iBISHOP  Brst  in  cviTy  W!iv  6  6 

IKERR'S    PINK  4  9 

ITINWALD  PERFECTION    5  3 

iQOLDEN    WONDER  4  6 

ARRAN    CHIEF  4  3 

FACTOR  4  3 

Varietjes^marked     are  irrtmune. 
THE     HOUSE    FOR      OUAUTV. 


28  56    112  lb. 

10-  18  6  35- 

11  -  20  6  39  - 
12-  22  6  43- 

12  9  24i-  46- 

10  9  20  -  38  - 

96  17  6  33  - 

7  6  136  25  - 

7  6  13  6  25- 

8  3  15-  28- 


11  6 
86 
9- 
7  6 
7  3 
73 


21  6 

15  6 

16  6 
13  6 
13  - 
13  - 


41  - 
29  - 
31  - 
25 
24 
24 


Seeds,  Plants,  Manures,  and 
PEST  KILLERS, 
Sprays  and  Sprayers 
or  all  rood  things  for 
your  Garden,  Allot- 
ment and  Sports. 


y\ 


GARDEN 

SUPPLIES 

LIMITED 

CRANMER  ST. 

LIVERPOOL. 


vin. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   5,   192 1. 


He  breed 
in  loose 
bark  and 
lichens 


PROFITS 
Sbop  him! 


To  destroy  moES  and  lichen,  to 
remove  loose  rough  bark,  and 
ensure  healthy  vigorous  growth 
and     good     crops     next     season, 

SPRAY  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 
with 

COOPER'S 

W^ITSTTER  FLUID 

Does  not  burn  the  bark.  Harmless  to 
animals.  Easy  to  use.  Effective  and 
Economical.       ::       Of  agents  everywhere. 

Sole  Manufacturers: 

WM.  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS.  LTD..  BERKHAMSTED 


VITALIZER 

THE    FERTILISER 


Supplies    plant    life    with    the    necessary    food 

in     its     most     natural     anil     nutritious     form, 

A^h  yonr  ScL-ilsiinin.  or  \i-rili-  In 

STONEHOUSE     Hort.    Dept.,    WEST     BBOMWICH. 


C529. 
Price  was  8/11 
"ZERO"  PRICE 


"ZERO  "BOOT SALE 
BARGAINS 

During  our  "Zero  "  Sale,  now  running,  all 
prices  have  been  reduced  to  the  limit.  .A 
reduction  of  15%  (3/- off  every  pound)  is  now- 
offered  on  all  Catalogue  Prices.  Send  for 
special  list  of  Sale  Bargains,  and  also  a  copy 
of  our  112  page  Catalogue  of  BOOTS.  CLOGS 
and  OILSKINS. 


are  made  of  good  grain  leather,  lined  with  felt. 
Soles  are  of  Wood.    Well  finished  and  useful. 

No.  C529.     For  Men  and  Women. 
Former  price  8/ 1 1. "Zero"  Price  7/6  Post  Paid. 

No^  C524.     Same  Clog  but  in  Lacing  Style. 
Sizes  2  toS.  7/ 11.  "Zero"  Price  5/11  Post  Pd. 
Sizes  6  to  n,  8/6."  Zero"  Price  6,1 1     .. 
Children's  Sizes  7  to  10.  5/6.  "Zero"  Price  3/11. 
„    11.   12.  Ki  and  1,  6/6  now  4/11. 

Seiici  for  our  free  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

THE  MOST  PERFECT  *^  Jm  m  .^  ^  GREENHOUSES. 


(     PATENTED) 


THE  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY      AND     CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

1  n  the  form  of  a  Icaf-mould.  ready  for  usi:  at  ,iny  time,  iii  the  sanit  way,  and  for  all  purposes  thai  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  eqiiallinil  l.'^cwts.  I.  jiives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  flrowa  both 
untier  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  Wli.KS.  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Boohlef  titvi tie  full  P(irficHlar<.  and  te^timottiuls  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard. 

W^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS     GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS.  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  'Ml 

Prices,  including  bags,  1  bushel  2/3,  4  bushels  6/-.  5-4  bushels  28/9.  10-4  bushels  55/-.  20-4  bushels  100/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  urOuicU  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward, 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Guaran- 
teed Analysis  free.     Price,  including  bags 

14  lb.  bag,  3  3  ;  56  lbs.,  11/6;   1  cwt.,  22/- 

Best  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam,   A.,  and   Leaf   Mould,   4/6.     Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 

Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.     Basic  Slag,  9/6.     Surerphosphates,  13/6.      Bone 

Meal,  24''-,      Kainit,  116  per  cwt.     Bulb  Fibre,  3/6  per  bushel. 

.S,-c-  FiLf  Uoi>kL-t  ,fs  nbnv^-  fo<-  t^rtc^y.  of  snuilU'r  i/iuinti  ties.  ,z,\^j  <itlu:r  ;,'..u.'</s. 

WAKELEY     BROS.     &     CO.,     LTD.,     75a,      BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      S.E.1. 


FORSUCCESS   IN 
YOUR  GARDEN  — 


oH 


'S 


M\^^ 


On     the    market 
for       over      40     years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the     estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all      over      the     world      for      QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     year's     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      thty      stand     unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description     of    Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 
and  Foliage  Plants.  Vegetables.  Lawns,  etc..  etc. 
Vine,     Plant    and    Vegetable    Manure,     l  cwt..  36/-;      561b..     19/-;      281b.,  10/6: 
I4!b..  6,'-;  71b.,  3/6;  Tins.   1/6. 
Special  Top. Dressing  Manure,  561b..  19/-:  28, b..  10/6:  141b.,  fi/-;  7Ib.,  3/6. 
XW     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLET-POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     "•!( 
SOLD         BY        NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers  :      WM.     THO.MSON      cS:     SONS.     LTD..     CL<)VI-:NF0RDS,     SCOTLAND. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


WINTER  WASH.   cAulV,?^r?K.., 

THE   MOST  EFFECTIVE  WASH     FOR    FRUIT  TREES    &< 
>   IN     l'6  TINS     FOR    10    TO    16    GALLS    OP  WASH. 
WORM    KILLER,     LAWM   SAND    &    GAPDtN     SUNDeiE-; 


Only  Address:  TOMLINSON  &  tl*YW*RO  Lt?  LIMC01.M 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES,    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS, 
RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc, 
EVERY  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY  &  FRIDAY,  by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 

67     &.    68,     CHEAPSIDE,     E.G. 2 

Catalogues   on  Application. 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


^     When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  your  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
OP  games  let  us 
know. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIESLd. 
Cranmep  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


ets  there  f% 

I  and  makes  the  Garden  tbaS^k 
gay  all  the  year  round  -~;T£r^/.i 


Sold  everywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  in  PACKETS  lOd.  &  1/6,  and 
in  BRANDED  &  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs.- 4/-:  14  lbs..  7/-;  2S  lbs.   12/-:  56  lbs-.  22/-;  112  lbs..  40/-: 
direct  from  the  Works.  Carriage  Paid  In  the  United  Kisedooi  forCasb  with  Order  (except  PACKETS). 


CLAY    &    SON.     Marure  Mfr^  &  Bone  Cruchen  STRATrORD,  LONDON. E. 


Printed  by  Thb  Avlnuk  Pri:ss, 


.^.5  iSt  57.  Drury  Lane.  London.  W.C'J,  and  Published  by  •"Colntrv  Life."  Limitkd.  at  20.  Tavistock  Street,  Strand,  W,C.'.', 
and  by  Oeorck  .Newnes.  Li.MiTi:it.  !--ll.   Southampton  Street.   Strand.  W.C.'I. 


THE 


1    \..Z— V  i    V     JL       V^J 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol,  LXXXV.— No.  2569. 

Kntered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y.,  Po^t  Office 


Saturday,    February    12,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE     AS    A    NEWSPAPEI* 

ANO      FOR     CANADIAN      MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCKl 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4  ;    Foreign.    17/4 


A  BEAUTIFUL  MODERN   TYPE  OF  ANTIRRHINUM 
Suitable  for  Bedding-out  purposes. 


MERRYWEATHER'S    FRUIT    TREES 

RASPBERRIES. 

We  can  strongly  recommend  the  following  varieties;  order  at  once  to  avoid  disappointment. 
"  THE  DEVON."    An  enormous  cropper,  the  fruit  is  large,  roundly  conical,  ] 
firm,     very  juicy  and  of  sweet  and  refreshing  flavour,  excellent  colour  and  an  ' 
ideal  bottling  variety. 

"  HAILSHAM."  One  of  the  best  autumn  fruiting  raspberries.  The  fruit  is  , 
very  large,  rich  crimson  colour  and  excellent  flavour;  a  strong  grower  and  i 
heavy  bearer 

Send    for    Prices. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &    SONS,    LTD.,| 
Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

BARR'S  SEED  GUIDE,  free. 

For  the   best  Vegetable   and    Flower   Seeds   of   finest 
Selected  Strains  and  Tested  Growths. 

At  the  R.H.S.  Wisley  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable  Seeds  have 
received  exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality,  many  having  been 
Highly  Commended  and  several  given  First-class  Certificates 
and  Awards  of  Merit. 

BARR'S  Beautiful  Lilies,  Gladioli,  Cannas, 
Anemones,  Begonias,  Dahlias,  Montbretias, 
Tigridias,    Tuberoses,    etc.,    for    Spring   planting. 

DtSCRIPTIVE     CATALOGUE    FREE. 

BARR  &  SONS,  King  St.,  Covent  Garden.  London 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Esteblisfament 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO.,  "^^batS°^ 

BLACKMORE    &    LANGDON'S 

BEGONIAS 

In  Highest  Quality  for  Exhibition,  Conservatory,  or  Bedding  Out,  Baskets,  etc. 
AWARDED     54    QOLD     MEDALS. 

SEED  IN  SEALED  PACKETS— Double.  '.Is.  6d.  and  Ss.  :  SinRle,  Is.,  2s.  6d.  and  5s 
Single,  also  in  separate  colours.    Also  Crested  and  Frilled  Single.  Is.,  2s.  6d..  and  5s. 

GRAND  LARGE  TUBERS.  TO  COLOUR.  —  Double.  7s.,  ISs..  30s.  and  42s.  per  dozen. 
Singles,  •is.  6d.,  12s.  fid..  20s.  and  27s.  6d.  per  dozen.  Frilled  Sinples,  6s..  l.«s.  and  27s.  6d 
per  dozen.  Crested  Single'-.  6s.,  10s.  and  21s.  per  dozen.  Mixed  Doubles,  5s.  fid.  per 
dozen.  *IOs.  per  10O.  Mixed  Singles.  3s.  fid.  per  dozen,  24s.  per  100.  Try  some  of  these 
cheap  Doubles  and   Singles  for  pots  or  bedding. 

DELPHINIUMS 

A  mnsnificcnt  collection.  20s.,  25s..  3fls..  4ns.  and  ."iOs.  per  dozen. 

Carnations,  Cyclamen,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  Violets,  etc. 

ONE  DOZEN  CHOICE  NAMED  BORDER  CARNATIONS,  in  our  selection.  12  6  &  15-  per  dozen 

Ciitulostic,  Post   Ftcc. 

Twerton     Hill     Nursery,     BATH. 


THE     GARDEN. 


IFebruarv   12,    1921. 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  (irms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S..  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Chamoion    Decorative   Rose    Grower    of   England 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.   RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XU  ALL 

Insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
of  ail  itinds.  Send  tor 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS    AND 

R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 
For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 


Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM   &   SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,   ESSEX 


Garden  Craflsmen 

Roclcworkers 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cots  wot  d  grown 
Vegetable&'Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Scotch    Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


All  Garden 

Estate 

and  Sport 

Requirements 


SPECIALITE. 


SPRING    FLOWERING    SHRUBS 


azaleas 

camellias 

magnolias 

ericas 

PLANT     NO^V. 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.   BENTLEY,   Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  TrelliS; 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


PHUNUS 
CKRASUS 
DAPHNES 
LILACS 

(Carriage    Paid. 


N.  GAUNTLETT  &  Co.,  Ltd.. 

Japanese  Nurseries.  CH  I  DDINGFOLD.  Surrey. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   & 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE   US 


CO. 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


Special   Offer. 

Erica  Carnea,  7  -  doz.,  50  -  100  ;    Dogwood,  nd  b;trk'd,  2  to   J 
3  ft.,  4;'-  ddz.,  20;-  100  ;    Beech,  c.imnu.n,  3  to  4  ft.,  30|-  100;    j 
Broom,  yc  How,  3  to  4  ft.,  6  -  doz.,  40  -  100  ;   Hazel,  common, 
3  to  4  ft.,  12;-  100;    Broom,  white,  IS  to  2  ft.,  5;-  doz.,  35/-    , 
100;    Box,  griin,  1  to  IJ  ft.,  5;- doz.,  30,-  100;    Box,  green,    i 
2  to  2,1  It.,  bushy,  8-  doz  ;    Spruce,  white  Aminc:in,  2   to  3J 
ft.,  30/-  100;  Laurels,  U  to  2\  ft.,  5,-  doz.,  30  -  100  ;  Poplar,   ! 
Ontario,  6  to  8  ft ,  5-  doz.,  30,'-  100;    Hornbeam,  6  to  8  ft.,  I 
10/- doz. ;    Austrian  Pine,  Bttoejft.,  30-  doz.;    Corsican 
Pine,  5  to  6  ft.,  25,'-  doz.;  Chestnut,  Hoise,  9  to  10  ft.,  15/- 
doz. ;     Oak,  English,  5  to  6  ft.,  5-  doz.,  30/-  100;     Pinus, 
pondtTosa,  2J  to  3k  ft.,  10,-  doz. ;  Laurels,  2  to  3  ft.,  6/-  doz.,  j 
40  -  100. 

THE   ABOVE   ARE    STOUT  WELL-ROOTED   PLANTS. 

SYDNEY    SMITH, 

Tansley    Old"  Nurseries,  near  Matlock,  Derbyshire,  i 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Oarden 
Architects.  (Jueen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show.  lyi-J. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

s8,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No.:  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


J.   CHEAL   &   SONS,   Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St., London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


MAURICE  PRIGHARD'S 

Catalogue  of  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants, 

Aquatics,  etc.,  now  ready  for  1921.  Many 
new  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  tiierein. 
New  Aubrietias,  New  Saxifragas. 

New  Moraine  Alpine  Plant  offered  for  first  time — 
Erodium   chamaedryoides    rosea  (R.V.P.) 
Catalogue  sent  free,  2d.   stamp. 

Rlverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 


PERTHSHIRE    GROWN 

SEED    POTATOES 

Are  famous  all  the  world  over. 
They  will  add  25%  to  your  crop. 

Gold  Medal  Award  National  Potato  Show  1920. 

Send  for  our  100-page  Catalogue  of  Garden 
Seeds  &  Potatoes.    It  is  the  finest  in  Scotland. 

Special  Quotations  for  Large  Quantities. 


ALEXANDER      &      BROWN, 

Dept.   B. 
SOUTH    METHVEN    STREET.    PERTH. 


Guaranteed, 

Garden 

Supplies 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  your  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
OR  games  let  us 
knovi/. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


GOLD  MEDAL  PERENNIAL  PHLOX: 

12  Grand  New  Varieties  •  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  New  Varieties  -  -  15/- 
12  Very  Best  Older  Varieties     -     10/- 

NEW   MICHAELMAS     DAISIES: 

12  Grand  New  Varieties  -  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  New  Varieties  -  -  15/- 
12  Very  Best  Older  Varieties     -     10/- 

The   above  are  good   plants  and  delivered  package 

and  carriage  free  for  cash  with  order. 
H.  J.  JONES,  Ryecroft  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  S.E.13. 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIESLd. 
Cranmer  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


SOW 

HAWLMARK 

SEEDS 

DICKSONS."Hawlmark';  BELFAST. 


February   12,    1921. 


^m^®' 


GARDEN. 


.^.^ter^ — z± 


WEBB'S    GOLD    MEDAL  SWEET  PEAS.— 

Awarded  Gold  Medal  and  Silver  Cup  at  tha  National  Sweet 
Pea  Society's  and  Birmingham  Horticultuml  Society's 
(combined)  Show,  1920,  for  finest  display  in  the  Show. 

SELECTED   LARGE   FLOWERING. 
Wh'tp,  Crimson,  Rose,  Canary  Yellow,  Mauve,  Pink,  Purple, 
Salmon,    Lavender,    Maroon,    Orange,    Rose    Carmine,    Light 
Blue,  and  Mixed  Colours,  each  8d.  pkt.,  post  free. 
SPECIAL   EXHIBITION   COLLECTIONS. 
12  finest  named  varieties,  6/-      ) 
12  ditto  (smaller  pkts.),  3/-         ,-    Post  free. 
18  finest  named  varieties,  10/-    i 
pamphlet  on  Sweet  Pea  Culture  on  request. — WEBB  &  Soss, 
Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shrubs,  Japanese  Cherries,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects, 
—John  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseries, 
Ba^shot,  Surrey. 


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 

SEEDS,  Scotch  grown  seed  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,   In   the   new  and  leading   varieties  of  Delphiniums, 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


WATERERS'       FRUIT      TREES.  —  Magni- 

flcent    stock    of    250,000    trees.       Prospective    purchasers    are 
Invited  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  Nurseries. 


WATERERS'     ROSES.  —  Superb     Stock.  — 

John  Wateree,  Sons  &  Ceisp,  Ltd.,  Twyford,  Berks. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING    AND   GLAZING 

— "  VITROLITE  •'  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  233.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastiue,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  pei 
cwt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  Waiter  Carson  & 
Sons,  Grove  Works,  Battersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  REtJTBE,  Keston, 
Kent. 


PERRY'S    SPECIAL    OFFER     of    Japanese 

LILIES,       GLADIOLUS,       MONTBRETIAS,       TIGRIDIAS, 
BEGONIAS,  etc.  now  ready,  free. — Hardy  Plant  Farm,  Enfield. 


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— The     only     reliable    and     complete    substitute     for    Stable 
manure.     See  advt.  on  p.  x 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New   Descriptive    List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate, 
6d.  post  free. — The  Burbage  Nurseries,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established    1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.   4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

DOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application —\Vm.  Duncan  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenh.im   N  15. 


IRON      FENCING,      GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards.  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting. 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultrj'  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
RaiUng,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Trouffhs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  tor  preservation  of  Ironwork, 
etc.     Catalogue  free. — HiLL  &  Smith.  Ltd.,  Brierley  Hill. 


SWEET    PEAS.— Before   placing   your   order 

see  Storrie's  unique  multum  in  parvo  pages,  embracing  a  compleie 
representativt*  collection  in  systematic  colour  groups,  guiding 
rather  than  confusing  the  prospective  purchaser.  The  expert 
as  well  as  the  amateur  will  appreciate  this  list.  The  method  of 
colour  grouping  is  original  and  entirely  our  own.  This  list  post 
free  on  application.  STORRIK  and  Storrie,  Florists  Department. 
Nurseries,   Glriicarsr,   Perlhshire. 


MALMAISONS,  PRINCESS  OF  WALES,  good 

plants  '  X  60's  for  potting  on,  9/-  p  r  dozen,  carriage  forwaid. 
— Finch,  Char'ton  Paik  Gard-ns,  Malmesbury. 

KENTISH  HOP  PLANTS,  grow  12  to  20  ft. 

high,  grow  hops  first  year.     Archrs  on   unsightly  placi'S.   13 
strong  plants  2/6,  post  free. — F.  LrCK,  P.iddock  Wood,  K<^nt. 


GARDENING  BOOKS.— Send  for  bargain  list 

"Box   .\,"  c/o   THE   Garden,  20,   Tavistock  Street,    Ckjvent 
Gard'  n,  \V.C.2. 


FLOWER    POTS.— 10  8in.,  15  6in.,  15  sin., 

15  41n.,  15  Sin.,  complete,  packed  free,  15s.  Illtistrated 
list  of  pote,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — Thos.  Jeatons,  Potteries,  Brlerlev 
Hill. 


BARRS'    SEED     GUIDE,    now    ready,  free. 

For  a  Select  List  of  the  best  vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of 
finest  Selected  Strains  and  Tested  Growth.  At  the  K.H.S 
Wisley  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable  Seeds  have  received 
exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality,  many  having  been 
Highly  Commended  and  several  given  First-class  Certificates 
and  Awards  of  Merit.— BaRR  &  Sons,  11,  12  &  13,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  In  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogue  free  to  Intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  6d.  and  53. — J.  Douglas,  Great  Bookham. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,   Builders   of  Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.S.  Wire  :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone:    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars.— "WlXLI AM  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  orna- 
mental garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  description.  Send 
for  illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BOULTON  &  Paxtl,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921 ;  also 
New  Pelargoniiuas,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Colb  &  SON,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


HAVE  YOU  SEEN    OUR    CATALOGUE  ?— 

If  not,  send  for  one  now  :  it  is  ftill  of  intereoting  things.  Post 
free,  if  you  mention  this  paper,  from  Stuaet  &  Mein.  The 
King's  Seedsmen,  Kelso,  Scotland. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  Houae  trees  are  of  Qrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  nelect  stock  Is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES,  specially  selected, 

certificated,  Arran  Comrade,  14lb.  3s. ;  281b.,  5s.  6d.  ;  561b., 
10s.  Drumwhindle  Seedling,  Early  Main  Crop,  enormous 
cropper,  fine  quality.  A  customer  from  Leeds  writes  :  "  Lifted 
621b.  from  five  tubers."  Another  \vTites  :  "  Gained  prize  for 
greatest  weight  of  any  variety."  14lb.,  3s.  6d. ;  281b.,  6s.  6d.  ; 
561b.,  13s. — James  Kobertson,  Seed  Potato  Grower,  Aberdeen, 
Scotland. 


KING'S     ACRE    SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  In  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  writ* 
for  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliability. — Kino's  Acre  Nukseeies,  Limited,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS*  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  In  flowers  and  vegetables. 
Including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  IJd.  postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


PAVING.  —  Crazy    and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry,"  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — HODSON  &  Son,  68,  Castlegate, 
Nuttingliam. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied. 
Vanguard,  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coll  Boilers.  Pipes, 
Joints,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free. — THOMAS  Jeavons, 
Silver  Street  Works.  Brierlev  Hill. 


CHOICE     PERENNIALS,     all     large     strong 

plants  at  pro-war  prices,  Cluiranthus  linifolius,  new  spreading, 
prostrate  walltiowtr,  exquisite  mauve  flowers,  indispensable 
for  rock  garden  and  border,  3/6  doz.  ;  Violas,  large  plants  in 
bud,  M.  Mott,  Royal  Blue,  Purple  Queen,  2/6  doz. ;  Pentstemon 
Newbt-rry  Gem,  bright  scarlet,  hardy,  three  large  plants,  2.^. ; 
Gcuni  Mrs.  Bradshaw,  large  clumps,  three  plants,  1/3;  Pinks 
Mrs.  Simkins,  clumps,  3/-  doz. ;  Polyanthus,  monster  hybrids, 
in  bud.  2/6  doz.  Carriage  paid  10/-  orders.  Catalogues  free. — 
Bramblebury  Nurseries,  Bude,  Cornwall. 


SUTTON'S   VEGETABLE   SEEDS. 

By  constant  selection  and  re-selection,  year  by  year,  our; 
choice  strains  are  maintained  at  the  highest  standard  of 
excellence. 

Our  speciality  for  the  week : 
SUTTON'S     SELECTED    AELSA    CRAIG     ONION. 
In  competition  with  all  other  varieties  this  popular  onion 
has   won   a  series   of   prizes   quite  without  parallel.    Per 
packet,  2/6. 
SUTTON   &    SONS,   THE   KING'S   SEEDSMEN,   READING. 


KELWAY   BORDERS   SHORTEN   THE  I 

WINTER. — NOW  is  the  time  to  go  over  your  hardy  plants,  I 
replenishing  and  renewing  your  herbaceous  borders.  Get  a  list' 
from  KELWAY'S  and  let  them  fill  your  gaps  with  fresh  beauty,! 
which  will  last  some  years.  Is  your  border  beautiful  with  colour! 
for  6  or  7  months  continuously  ?  It  should  be  a  source  of  ever-' 
varying  interest  and  pleasure.  If  you  are  not  content,  see  to' 
it  now.  Write  to  KELWAY'S  at  once  and  let  them  suggest  a| 
colour  scheme  so  that  the  neighbouring  plants  do  not  clash.! 
The  earlier  you  order  the  greater  your  choice. — KELWAY  &  SON  I 
The  Royal  Horticulturists,  Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN,, 

Edinburgh,  will  send  a  copy  of  tlieir  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  I 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  papier  is  mentioned. 


BATH'S   SELECT  SEEDS   AND  PLANTS.—  , 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds ' 
and  plants  Is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  E.  H.  BATH 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should   be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and  I 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS  AND; 

ALPINE     RHODODENDRONS     AND     AZALEAS.  New' 

lists  free.  I 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- { 

DIALS,    NESTING    BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)     free.— 
MOOETON,  6,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswiek.  i 


CRANSTON'S   FAMOUS   ONIONS:   ready  for: 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autunui-sowu  pedigree  plants  . 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Rousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-.<o\vn  Cabbage  plant"^. 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Otfcnham,  Wheeler's  Imperial,  Red . 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt  "j 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application. — King's  , 
Acre  Nurseries,  Lth.,  Hereford  (latr  Cranston's). 


RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY    PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  &c.  Also  walUngl 
and  rockery  stone.  "Trade  enquiries  incited.  Sundials,  garden  ] 
ornaments,  <&c.^Gillum  (Garden  Dept.),  "Wellesley  Court 
Road,  Croydon. 


HARDY  ORCHIDS.— Cypripedium  pubescens^ 

C.  spectabile,  Orcliis  foliosa,  2/6  each;  O.  latifolia,  9d. ;  0._ 
niaculata,  tJd.  ;  O.  mascula,  6d. ;  Ophrys  apifera,  9d.  ;  Epipactis* 
gigante^,  1/6;  E.  latifolia,  6d.  Descriptive  catalogue  free. —  ■; 
BOWELL  &  Skarratt,  NuTscrics,  Cheltenham.  i 


McDOUGALL'S    "  FUMERS  "    &    INSECT1-; 

CIDE  "  Sheets "  for  greenhouse  fumigation  ;  safe,  effectives 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.--* 
MCDODQALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS     SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — Terry  Lee,  16.  Morden  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


FIDLER'S    NEW    ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED    GLIDE    AND    CATALOGUE    FOR    1921     IS    NOW  : 
READY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  OD 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  Fidler  <t  Sons,  Royal 
Berkshire  Seed  Stores,  Reading. 


RARE    ALPINES,— Cotyledon    simpHcifolius, 

1/-;  DIanthus  ncgiectus,  9d. ;  Crrastlom  \1losum,  Od.; 
Delphinium  tatslcncnse,  1/- ;  Hypericum  euneatum,  1/S ; 
Pentstemon  ilnarloldes,  9d. ;  Sedum  pllosum,  6d. ;  L.\ebnis 
alpina,  6d. ;  H-aageana,  9d. ;  Arkwrightl,  1 '  ;  Ovpsbphlla 
arctioldcs,  9d.— 11.  Tdcker  &  Sons,  Nurserj-men,  Oiford. 


THE   CLIFTON  POULTRY  FARM— Sittings. 

Day-old  chicks ;  best  laying  strains.  Breeds  kept ;  Wtaitt 
Wyandottes,  White  Leghorns,  S.C.  Rhode  Island  Reds,  LigM 
Sussex. — Write,  Manager,  CUPTON  PoniTRT  Firh,  neo 
Biggleswaae    Beds. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   12,    ic)2i. 


Write    for    ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE    POST    FREE 

from 


REGISTERED  TRADE  MARK 


TESTED.  SEEDS 


RAYNES  PARK,  LONDON,  S.W. 

f  237   &   238,   High   Ho[born,   W.C. 


Branches 


53a,   Queen  Victoria   Street,    E.G. 


CARNATIONS 


FOR     ANY     AND 
EVERY     PURPOSE 

LARGE  FLOWERING    PLANTS  in  6  in.  Pots  for  Green. 

house  or  G  trden  cuitiv  .tion.  from  35/-  per  dozen,  cirrijge 

ex'ra.    ImmeJi-^te  or  deferred  delivery. ^ 

HARDY  BORDER  CARNATIONS. 

We  have  simply  mjgnifijent  stocks  of  all  the  best  varieties 
The  underm -nrioned  collections  are  ivaiUble; — 

Coll.  No.  Ic -6  d  stiact  varieties,  12|- 

Coll.    No.    2e.— 12    din  iact   varieties,    24/- 

Coll.  No.  3c.— 100  Plants   in   Itae    twelve  brst  standard 

varieties,  140/- 

Carriage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 


ALLWOODII. 


The  new  hardy  Garden  P  ant.  H  ilf  Hink  a"d  half  Carnation, 
it  needs  no  culture  but  grows  by  itself  anywhere,  and.  flowers 
perpetually  from  Spri  '^j  to  Winter.  We  can  give  immediate 
delivery,  and  offer  the  undermentioned  collection  . : — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties,  11/- 

Coll.No.2b.— 9di9ti  ict  varieties  (including  3  novel  ties),23/6 

Coll.   No.    3b.  — 12     dis'iict    varieties    (incluJing    all  6 

novelties).  40  - 

Carriage  and  paclcing  free  for  cash. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLB  r.    6d.    post   free. 

Fully    Illustrated    ant    descriptive    Catalogue    will    be 
forwarded  post  f  ee  on  request. 

I  When  ytin  tbink  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


SPRING     OFFER 


OF 


The  leading  Ca.naiio     Raiseis     nd  Specialists 

In  the  World,  Dept.  4. 
HAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


FRUIT  TREES,   ROSES, 
HARDY  PERENNIALS, 

Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

We  are  now  in   a  nosifion   to   give   orompt   delivery. 


The  following  Illustrated  Catalogues  free  on 
request : — 

(1)  Fruit  Trees,  Roses,  Hardy  Perennials. 

(2)  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbers,  etc. 

Good  specimens  of  Cedrus  Deodara,  Cupressus 
Lawsoniana,  Thuya  Lobii,  Abies  Nordmanniana, 
Evergreen  Oaks,  Green  Euonymus,  Limes,  Horse 
Chestnuts,  English  Oaks,  Turkey  Oaks,  Elms  in 
variety,  Copper  Beech,  and  other  trees  suitable  for 
Avenue  or  Ornamental  group  planting. 

Particulars    and    Prices   on    application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


ESTABLISHED     1  870. 


WALTER  BLOM  &  SON,  F.R.H.S. 

OVERVEEN,     HOLLAND. 


SUPERB     BEGONIAS. 


BLOM'S    GIANT    STRAIN. 

Per  10(1,  Doz. 
Singlet    sepai-atc     colours,     bronzy    salmon,     orange      scarlet,     rose,     scarlet, 

white,    yellow Each  colour              1 5/-  2/3 

Choice  Mixture,  extra  selected  bulbs    1 4/-  2/- 

Choice  Mixture,  selected  bulbs 1 0/6  1/6 

Double,     separate     colours,    bronzy    salmon,    orange    scarlet,    rose,    scarlet. 

white,    yellow     Each  colour  1 8/6  2/6 

Choice  Mixture,  extra  selected  bulbsl 1  7/6  2/4 

Choice  Mixture,  selected    bulbs 1  3/6  2/- 

Terms  i  —  Ah   orders    to    the    value    of  £1    and    upwards    carriage    paid. 

Smaller    orders    pay    2j-    to    cover    cost    of  postage. 

PREPAID      ORDERS       10       PER      CENT.       DISCOUNT. 


Pw^l" 


BU  LBS 


AND 


PLANTS 

For   Spring,  1921. 

All     of     the      Finest      Quality. 

The   Catalogue  of  above  will   be 

sent,    post    free,    on    application 

to  their  Offices  at 

Overveen,     Haarlem, 
HOLLAND. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    List. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed   Potato   Merchants,  YORK. 


33rd   SEASON. 

MRS.   PYM'S    FAMOUS  PLANTS! 

GOOD     AND    CHEAP.  ' 

24;-  worth   for   20  -     Any   quantity  sent.     All    post  free' 
or  carriage  paid  passenger  train.     No  delay.  j 

Special  Cheap  Offer  ol  splijndid  sturdy  younfi  plants  tVoni; 
o'cn  tor  tiP'ing  flowering;  -Id,  extra  for  orders  under  'S -.^ 
Alyssurrii  rompact.  go  d  dust,  12, 1  '6.  Aubretia,  rich  purple,' 
\^.  IjG.  Arabis,  double  white.  6  1  4.  C  -nttrbury  Bells,  12.' 
1/6.  Alpine  VValiflowers.  20.  1  6.  Daisies,  very  larfiei 
double  red  or  white.  20,  1,6.  Forget-me-nots,  best  com-' 
pact,  light  or  dark  blue.  20.  1,6.  Pansies,  .  hoicest  UT-se; 
t1  lu'enng  and  bedding,  separate  colours.  12.  14;  5i)for4,6.i 
Violas,  Bath's  beddine.  se^arafe  colours  or  goort  mixed.  !2„ 
1/4  SO  for  4;6.  Silene  compacta,  rink  20.  14.  Thrift,; 
compact,  pink.  12.  1/6.  Sweet  Williams,  mixed.  IS,  1,'4.j 
Wal  flowers,  all  cnlour9.  separ.jte  or  new  large  flowering 
hybrids,  100.  3,6;  500,12,-.  | 

StroniJ  plants,  wintered  in  open— Spring  Cabbage,  Winter! 
TripniilOnions,  Lettuce,  Brussels  Sprouts,  Leeks,  100,  2;- ;| 
■MO,  5,'-  ■ 

Magnificent  Strong  Transplanted  Hardy  Perennials,, 
Rockery  Plants,  Spring  Flowering  Plants,  QreenhousW 
Plants,      Flowering      Shrubs,      Vegetable      Plants,     etc.. 

PLAXT     SOW     FOR     SUCCESS. 

MRS.  PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10  VINE  HOUSE,  Woodston,PETERBOROUGHi 

New  1921  Catalogue  now  ready,  free  on  application.        \ 


February   12,   1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


SeeaPi  ' 


tSni^iSi 


GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN. 


IMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 

Ualb.      561b.       281b.       141b.  71b. 

Oargill  Early 32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Witch   Hill  40/  21/       11/  6/  3/6 

Arran  Rose  25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Edzell   Blue  25/  13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Great  Scot  24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Ally 24/         13/         7/  4/  2;6 

King  aeorge 20/         11/         6/  3/6  2/6 

Arran  Comrade      .        .       24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

The   Bishop       32/         17/  9/  5/  3/ 

Majestic 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Victory         .  .      .  .     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Kerr's     Pink 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Lochar        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Templar 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Qolden  Wonder       .  24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Langworthy      24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Abundance        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Tinwald  Perfection       ..     24/        13/        7/  4'  2/6 

•' K.  of  K."  (En-llih)    ..     50/        26/      14,  8/  5/ 

NON-IMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 

Myatt's  Ashleaf        .  40'         21/       11  6/  3/6 

May  Queen       40/         21;       11/  6/  3/6 

Duke  of  York  ..        .34/         18/         9/6         5/3  3 

Midlothian  Early   ..        .34/         18/         9/6         5/3  3; 

Ninetyfold         32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Puritan       32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Sharpe's  Express  .  25,         13/6      7/6         4/3  2  6 

Sir  John  Llewellyn  25/         13/6       7/6         4/3  2/6 

Early  Eclipse 25/         13/6       7/6         4/3  2/6 

Epicures 22/  12/  7/  4/  2/6 

Sharpe's  Victor  .        .     21/         11/6       6/6         3/6  2/3 

Early  Rose        21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Ringleader         21/         11/6       6/6         3/6  2/3 

Pink  Hebron 21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Eating  Potatoes  10/         —  —  —  — 

British  Queen 25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Up-to-Date        25/  13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Chief     22/         11/6       6/6         4/  2/6 

Dalhousie 22/         11/6      6/6         4/  2/6 

Iron  Duke  22/         11/6       6/6         4/  2/6 

THE    EARLY    NON- IMMUNE    COLLECTION. 

3^1b.    oacb    Myatt's    Ashleaf,    Sharpe's     Express, 
Midlothian    Early,   Early  Rose. 

The  CoUfCtion.  10/-.     Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE    EARLY    IMMUNE    COLLECTION. 

SUb.  each   Dargill  Early,  Arran  Rose,  Witch  Hill, 

Edzell  Blue. 

The  Collection,  10/-.     Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE     SECOND     EARLY     AND     MAINCROP     IMMUNE 
COLLECTION. 

^.Ib.  each  "  K.  of  K.,"  Arran  Comrade,  Majestic, 

The  Bishop. 

The  Cbllcction,  11/-.     Double  Quantity,  21/-. 

THE  SECOND  EARLY  AND  MAINCROP  NON-IMMUNE 

COLLECTION. 

Z\\\i.  each  British  Queen,  Arran  Chief,  Up-to-Date, 

King  Edward. 

The  Collection,  8/-.     Double  Quantity,  15/-. 
No  variety  can  be  substituted.     All  collections  are  packed 
in  separate  bags,  correctly  named,  and  delivered  to  your  door 
in  one  parcel,  carriage  paid,  by  passenger  train.    All  Seeds  in 

the    above    collection    are    Scotch,    except    Early    Rose  and 
•■  K.  of  K." 


HORTICULTURAL    MANURES. 


Basic  Slag,  30  %    . . 
Superphosphate,  30  % . 
Sulphate  of  Ammonia 
Potash   (Kainit) 
All  Round  Manure 
(Our  Own  Jlixing.) 


1121b.     561b. 


12/ 
13/ 

40/ 

32/ 
24/ 


6/6 

7/ 
20/ 
16/ 

12/ 


2Slb. 
3/6 

4/ 
10/ 

8/ 
6/ 


141b. 

2/ 

2/6 

5/6 

4/6 

3/6 


71b. 
1/3 
1/6 

3/ 

2/6 

2/ 


CARRIAQE   PAID    PASSENGER   RATES. 

Seeds  and  Manures  can  be  sent  carriage  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included.  It  is  much  cheaper  to  send  any  weight 
up  to  281b.  by  passenger  than  goods. 


Up  to  30  miles 
Up  to  50  miles 
Up  to  100  miles 
Up  to  200  miles 
Over    200  miles 


71b. 

1/ 
1/ 
1/ 
1/ 
1/ 


141b. 
1/4 
1/6 
1/7 
1/9 
1/11 


281b. 
1/9 
1/11 
2/1 
2/4 
2/11 


561b. 
2/4 
2/6 
3/6 
4/6 


1121b. 

3/3 
4/3 
6/3 

8/4 


5/10    10/4 


Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  delivery. 

Send   for  our  Illustrated   List,  a   complete   guide   to   Potato 

Growing.    It  will  interest  you. 


TOM    E.    RING,    Ltd., 
Somersham,   St.   Ives,  Hunts. 

Contractor  to  His  Majesty's  Government. 


^>&/>Y  ^i/ci^nar 


IF    YOU     WANT 

Really  Good  Seeds 

AT     MODERATE     PRICES 

SEND     TO 

ROBERT  SYDENHAM  LIMITED 

99,  TENBY  STREET,  BIRMINGHAM 

No  one  will  serve  you   better. 
A     FEW      PRICES      FOR      1921. 

BciCiTa  pi^r  nz. 

Cheltenham  Qreen  Leaf,  best  for  flavour  9d. 

Dell's  Black  Leaved,  sniuoth,  medium-sized  roots       . .       9d. 
Early  Model  Qlobe,  b»  st  round  variety  9d. 

BORECOLE. 

Cottager's,  one  of  the  hardest       . .  . .  8d. 

Dwarf  Qreen  Curled  Scotch,  the  best  Dwarf    . .  lOd. 

Asparagus,  dellcioua  flavour  , ,  . .  lOd. 

BROCCOLI. 

Veitch's  8elf-Prot«oting  Autumn  1/6 

Snow's  Winter  Whita 1,8 

Spring  White,  very  hardy 1/9 

Late  Queen,  the  best  late 1/9 

Purple  Sprouting,  moat  useful  hardy  sort        ..  8d. 

White  Sprouting,  delicious  flavour  ..         ..  1;6 

BRUSSELS   SPROUTS. 

The  Wroxton,  th«^  very  best  1/- 

Darlington,  ilw;irf  robust,  very  productive  . .        1^2 

CABBAGE. 

Ellam's  Early  Dwarf  Spring  lOd. 

First  and  Best,  best  for  Aui  umn  sowing  . .          . .  1  - 

Blood  Red  Pickling,  large  stolid  heads  . .  1;- 

Drumhead  (S;ivoy),  best  for  general  crop  . .          . .  9d. 

CARROT. 

Early  Nantes,  for  early  crop         ...  8d. 

James  Scarlet,  be<tt  selected  . .  8d. 

Scarlet  Intermediate,  best  for  exhibition  8d. 

CAULIFLOWER.         perpkt 

Dean's  Early  Snowball,  ^'elected  strain  6d. 

All  the  Year  Round,  veiy  di^tinct,  large  heads  6d. 

Early  London,  best  for  general  u;se  6d. 

Veitch's  Autumn  Qiant,  best  for  use  In  Autumn  per  oz.  1,6 

CELERY. 

All  Leading  Varieties  3d. 

LaEiEtKfl  per  oz. 

The  Lyon,  best  and  largest  . .  18 

Musselburgh,  for  general  use  ..  14 

LETTUCE. 

AM  the  Year  Round,  excellent  and  reliable  8d. 

Unique,  pietty  frilled  foliage,  and  tender  8d. 

Wonderful,  keep-  tender  a  long  time        . .  9d. 

Qiant  Paris  White  (Cos),  best  for  summer  .  .  8d. 

Balloon  (Cos),  laigest  of  all  9d. 

ONION. 

Excelsior  (true),  packets  750  seeds  6d.  ..          ..        2/- 

Ailsa  Craig,  packet'^  760  seeds  6d.            .  .  2/- 

White  Spanish  or  Reading  1  - 

Bedfordshire  Champion  1/6 

Qiant  Zittau,  one  of  tlie  best  keepers  . .        18 

Qiant  White  Tripoli,  Ijest  flat  white  onion  1,6 

PARSNIP.  peroz. 

Hollow  Crown,  specially  selected.  .  4d. 

SPINACH. 

Summer  or  Winter  ....  4d. 

SHALLOTS.  per  lb 

Best  Selected  Roots  6d. 

TURNIP.  peroz. 

Model  White  Stone             ...  6d. 

Extra  Early  Milan  Purple-top   . .          . .  9d. 

Qolden  Ball  . .        6d. 

PEAS.  BEANS, 

from  1,6  piT  pint  AND  from  1/-  per  plut 

SCOTCH   SEED   POTATOES. 

ALL    THE     LEADING     VARIETIES     AT     MODERATE 
PRICES.     See  Catalogue. 

ALL    OTHER     SEEDS    EQUALLY    CHEAP    AND     GOOD 

SWEET    PEAS    A    SPECIALITY. 
THEIR     UNIQUE     LISTS 

Post  Free  on  application. 

ROBERT    SYDENHAM     LIMITED 


BATH'S 

BORDER 

CARNATIONS,  &c. 

For    Present    Planting. 

We  malie  a  great  speciality  of  Carnations,  and  our, 
stock  is  unequalled.  The  plants  are  very  strong,' 
perfectly  hardy,  and  will  satisfy  the  most  lastid  ous; 
buyer.  The  following  Sets  are  selected  from  ourj 
unsurpassed  collection  of  450  varieties,  and  cjntaini 
the  cream  of  the  new  and  older  sorts.  I 

SET     D.  I 

One  dozen  extra  flne  varieties  for  15/-,  carriage  paid.  < 
Bookham  White.^Pure  white  ;  perfect  form.  1/3.  j 
Irancesca. — heliotrope,  brilliant  carmine  base.  2/-.  | 
Mv  Clove. — Apple  blossom  ;  suffused  heliotrope.  2/6.  i 
Lord  Kitchener.— Purest  white,  marked  blood  red.  2/-.  I 
Elizabeth  ShifFner. — .\  grand  orange  self.     1/3.  ' 

Fujiyama. — Glowing  red;    very  large  flower.     1/3. 
Lord  Roberts. — Bright  sulphur  vellow  ;    very  free.    1/-.  ; 
Duchess  of  Wellington.— Deep"  lavender.     1/3. 
Romeo. — Yellow,  suliused  and  marked  pink  ;  extra.  2/-.  ' 
Caprice.— Pink,  mottled  red  ;    fine  form.     1  /-. 
Distinction. — Crushed  strawberry  ;    lovely.     1/3. 
Induna. ' — Maroon;    finely  formed  flower      1/-. 

SET     E. 

One  dozen   choice  varieties  for  11/-,  carriage  paid. 

Diana. — Pure  white;    large  full  flower.     1/-. 
Red  Emperor. — Rosy  red  ;    extra  large  flower.     2/-. 
Queen  Alexandra.— Buff  vellow;    very  free.    1/-.         ' 
Lady  Greenall. — Bright  rosy  red,  shading  to  pink.    1  /-. 
Lord  Tennyson. — Yellow,  distinctly  edged  rose.     1/-. 
Ariadne. — A  lovely  heliotrope  self.     1/-. 
Constance. — Y'ellow,  marked  pink:    fine  quality.     1/-. 
Isolde. — Raspberry  red  ;   very  bright  and  distinct.    1/-. 
Morocco. — Deep  velvetv  crimson.     1/-. 
Pink  Pearl. — Rich  pink  self ;  strongly  fragrant.     1/6.     . 
A.  B.  Stewart. — .Apricot,  suffused  rose.     1/3. 
Mrs.  F.  J.  Bealing. — Brilliant  scarlet ;    very  vigorous  ; 
continues  flowering  all  summer.     1  /-. 

Bath's  Popular  Set  of  12  Fine  Named  Varieties  of 
Carnations  and  Picotees.   Price  8/6,  carriage  paid,  1 

BATH'S     GOLD     MEDAL  I 

DELPHINIUMS.    | 

These    plants    arc    rcniarkaUy    handsome    in    the  ] 
border,  and  during  the  early  summer  and  autumn  the  ] 
bold   and  stately  masses  of  brilliant  blue   and  purple  I 
produce  a  striking  effect  unequalled  by  any  other  flower.  ■ 
One  dozen  extra  fine  varieties  for  21  /-,  carriage  paid.      \ 
Andrew  Carnegie. — Light  blue,  lilac  centre.     1/6. 
Hugo  Poortman. — Pale  blue  ;    enormous  flower.     2/6. 
La  Tendresse. — Light  blue  and  mauve.     2/6. 
Rev.    E.    Lascelles. — Oxford    blue,    with    conspicuous  . 

white  eye  ;    magnificent.     2/-. 
Turquoise. — Pale  blue,  dark  centre  ;    distinct,     2/-. 
Rozenlust. — Mauve,  edged  Cambridge  blue,     2/-. 
Resplendens. — -Pale  blue,  tinted  mauve  ;   superb,    2/6. 
K.  F.  Caron.— Gentian  blue,  white  centre.     1/6. 
King  of  Delphiniums. — Gentian  blue  and  plum,  white 

eye,     1/6. 
Geneva.— Skv  blue,  white  eye;    lovely.     1/-. 
Mrs.  Creightbn. — Cobalt  blue,  shaded  plum.     1/6.         ' 

BATH'S    GOLD     MEDAL  ] 

PiCONIES.         ' 

The  most  gorgeous  of  all  garden  flowers.      Requires 
less   cultural   attention   than   almost   any   other    plant. 
Exceedingly  hardy,  its  vigour  and  beauty  increase  year  ; 
by  vcar. 

SET     B.  I 

12  glorious  richly  fragrant  varieties  for  25/-,  carriage  paid.  | 
Albert  Crousse. — Pinkish  blush  ;    very  large.     3/6.         i 
Canarie. — White,  tinted  sulphur  ;    very  free.     2/-. 
Duchess  de  Nemours.^now  white ;    very  free.     2/-.  1 
Felix  Crousse.— Brilliant  crimson ;    large  flower.     2/-.   i 
Golden  Harvest.— Blush,  creamy  white  centre.     3,6.      ' 
Ladv  Carrington.- Flesh  ;    very  large.     3/-. 
Marie  Lemoine.— Pure  white  ;    late  ;    extra  fine.    3/-. 
Mme.  Calot. — ^White,  tipped  rose;    extra,     2/-. 
Mme.  de  Vatrv. — Pink,  white  centre.     2/-. 
Mons.  Chas.  Levique. — .A  lovely  silvery  blush     2,6. 
Festiva  Maxima. — White,  tipped  blood' red.     2/-. 
Solfaterre. — Beautiful  primrose  yellow.     2/6. 

Comt>Jcte  Illustrated  Catalogues  post  free  on  application.    ' 

R.   H,   BATH,   LTD.,  j 

The     Floral     Farms,    WISBECH.   I 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   12,   1921. 


-^, 


«t  tifft^torld 


NOWADAYS  laden  ships  come 
from  all  the  Four  Sea^  with 
Golden  Seeds  for  Ryders  of 
St.  Albans  —  Pedigree  Seeds  of  un- 
doubted excellence. 

RYDERS  SEEDS 

Everything  you  want  for  the  gardtn, 
including  SEEDS.  PLANTS.  BULBS, 
POTATOES,  and  Sundries  can  now 
be  priicured  from  Ryders.  All  seeds 
despatched  within  '14  hours. 

RYDERS    LLUSTRATED 
CATALOGUE   FREE. 

Full  of  the  best  of  cverythinji  in  the 
Gardeiiiny  Woi-Ui.  Cint.iins  over  100  tllus- 
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^^ 


RYDERS, '"'  "=- 


Nj.  II, 


ST.  ALBANS 


(Rydtr  &  Son   U  I  0)   Ltd  ) 


■'■.''T-Vf" 
^   X.    i 

!:"^-:k:  4 

■^ 

i.'..3y 


under  Glass. 
BEST  TOMATOES  (BIDES 
RECRUIT).— We  have  grown 
tliis  alongside  other  varieties 
for  market  work,  and  consider 
it  the  heaviest  bearer  of  all. 
while  the  quality  is  first  rate. 
6d.  and  1  -per  />*«. 
CARTERS  SUNRISE,  a  fine 
variety  carrying  long  regular 
bunches  of  medium-sized  fruit, 
colour  and  flavour  not  sur- 
passed i^y  any  variety,  ^d.  and 
ed.  per  pkt. 

KONDINE  RED.  A  fairly 
large  tomato  of  good  shape, 
colour  and  quality,  and  a  tre- 
mendous cropper.  Much  grown 
inGuernsey.  A.M.  R.H.S.  \9\6 
3d.  and  6d.  pkt. 
UP-TO-D.AIE,  a  very  heavy 
cropper,  plant  robust  but  short- 
jointed,  good  quality.  3d.  and 
6d.  per  pkt. 

ONION  AILSA  CRAIG.— For 
exhibition  and  general  use.  Per 
pkt.  &d..  per  oz.  31-. 
CUCUMBERS.  —  Every  Day, 
f^ocliic's  Perfection,  Selected 
Te'egraph,  Matchless,  Sensa- 
tion All  6d.  and  Ij- per  pkt. 
Please  send  postage  for  amounts 
under  2/- 

Catalogue  free  on  application. 
J.  R.  Pearson  &  sons. 
Loivdham. 
Estab    1782.  Notts. 


'v-X-'r 

'yX'-v 
.••*»*■ ...  1 


X: 


O 


ALL    FRUIT    TREES 

will  benefit  from  an  immediate  dressing  of 
Canary  Guano.  Emmently  suited  for 
Apples,  Pears,  Plums  and  all  tone  fruit, 
also  fur  Gooseberries,  Currants,  Rasp- 
berries and  Strawberries.  It  sh-iuld  be 
applied  round  the  trees  and  bushes. 
Canary  Guano  i^  manufactured  (specially 
for  application  to  Fruit  Tr^es  and  has  a 
wonderful  effect  in  increasing  the  yield  of 
fruit  and  mvigorating  the  trees  and  bushe --i 

Cuano 


Obtainable  fr.  m  all  Seedsmen 
in  Cartons  1'-  each.  Bans  7  lb. 
3/6,  14  lb.  6/6,  2S  .b.  ll;-,56  lb. 
19/-,  1  cwt.  3S/-  each,  or  direct 

from  the  nialters. 

Write  to  day  for  FREE  Bool.- 
let  containittg  full  particulars, 
of  Canary  Gu  nn  with  Garden 
Diary  for  the  Year,  sent  post 
free  on  application. 

Chemical  Union,  Ltd. 

IPSWICH 


^^         SWEET  PEAS 

Only  genuine' direct  from  WEM. 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  ihe  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  posse.-s  a  choice 
delic.icy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  Icng  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 

5/6 


12  Varieties  separate  and  named 

18 

24 

30 

40 

50 


81- 
10/6 
126 
17  6 
22i6 


POST  FREE  FOR  CASH  WITH  ORDER. 
All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
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colours;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of    all  the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECRFORD.FRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.  61),   WEM,   Shropshire, 

Also    ihe   finest   Flower   Seeds.    Vegetable 
Seeds,    Potatoes,    etc. 


WEBBS'SEEDS 


Awarded  PREMIER  HONOURS  Everywhere. 


Six  Specialities. 

Webbs'  Early  Mammoth  Cauliflower,  1/-  pkt. 
Webbs'  Selected  Allsa  Craig  Onion,  1/-,  1/6  jikt. 
Webbs'  Stourbridge  Marrow  Pea,  2/6  pt,  4/6  qt. 
Webbs'  Prizewinner  Carrot,  1/3  ounce. 
Webbs'  New  Marrowfat  Parsnip,  lOd.  ounce. 
Webbs'NewChampion  Prize  Leek,  1/-,  1/6  pkt. 
Post  Free. 


All  who  have  Gardens  should  obtain 

WEBBS'  GARDEN  CATALOGUE. 

Beantitally  inn»trat«d.    POST  THEB. 


EDWARD  WEBB  &  SONS  (STOUHBRIDCE)  LTD., 

The  Ktne-s  Seet:smen,  STOURBRIDGE. 


No.  2569.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[February  12,  1921. 


FELLOWS  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  are  to  be  congratulated  on  the 
new  decision,  as  announced  in  the  Book 
of  Arrangements  just  issued,  that  the 
fortnightly  shows  during  the  sunamer 
months  at  the  Hall  in  Vincent  Square  are  to  be 
extended  to  a  second  day,  so  that  they  will  be  open 
on  the  Wednesday  following  each  usual  Tuesday 
For  some  years  past  the  shows  have  been  incon- 
veniently crowded,  and,  as  the  number  of  Fellows 
has  increased  by  some  1,500  during  the  last 
twelvemonth,  it  is  evident  that  the  attendance 
must  still  more  greatly  exceed  the  accommodation. 
It  is  to  be  expected  that  many  of  the  Fellows, 
who  wish  for  a  more  leisurely  and  convenient 
examination  of  the  many  good  things  provided, 
will  choose  the  second  day  rather  than  the  first 
for  their  visit.  Such  a  distribution  of  the 
attendance  will  not  only  be  a  matter  of  greater 
ease  and  comfort  to  the 
visitors,  but  we  also  think 
will  be  an  advantage  to 
the  trade  exhibitors.  Another 
wise  decision  announced  in 
the  same  publication  is  to 
the  effect  that  in  future  the 
judging  of  vegetables  will  be 
rather  in  the  direction  of 
what  is  best  for  the  table  than 
for  mere  size  and  appearance 
A  border  plant  and  one  for 
food  should  be  judged  from 
quite  different  stand-points  : 
it  has  to  be  remembered  that 
the  purpose  of  vegetables  is 
to  be  eaten  rather  than  to  be 
looked  at,  and  though  it  is 
pleasant  to  see  the  grand 
things  that  come  to  the 
shows,  yet  it  is  certainly  of 
more  importance  that  they 
should  prove  to  be  of  the 
best  size  and  quality  for  the 
table  rather  than  that  they 
should  be  handsome  speci- 
mens demonstrating  the  ex- 
treme possibilities  of  skilful 
cultivation. 

Primulas   and    C"clamen 
as    Winter    Flowers.  — 

Greenhouse  flowers  are  particularly  welcome  in 
January  and  February,  and  that  is  one  reason 
why  Primulas  and  Cyclamen,  described  on 
pages  78  and  79  in  this  issue,  are  becoming  increas- 
ingly popular.  The  greenhouse  and  conservatory 
provide  winter  room-plants  that  bring  consolation 
to  the  rtower-lover.  With  this  thought  in  mind  it  is 
our  intention  to  follow  this  article  by  others  on  the 
cultivation  of  these  flowers,  at  seasons  when  they 
will  be  most  appropriate  and  helpful  to  readers. 


Rhododendron  emasculum. — This  is  the  very 
appropriate  name  of  a  hybrid  Rhododendron 
with  all,  or  nearly  all,  the  stamens  aborted.  In 
many  flowers  the  presence  of  the  stamens  is  an 
attractive  character,  but  in  the  subject  of  this 
note  their  absence  serves  to  show  to  greater 
advantage  the  rich  colouring  of  the  delicate  mauve 
tinted  blossoms.  The  parentage  of  this  beautiful 
Rhododendron  can  only  be  surmised  from  the  fact 
that  it  resembles  R.  praecox,  which  is  a  hybrid 
between  R.  ciliatum  crossed  with  R.  dauricum. 
R.  ciliatum  has  been  used  fairly  extensively  by 
Rhododendron  breeders  ;  possibly  R.  emasculum 
may  be  the  result  of  making  the  reverse  cross, 
from  the  fact  that  one  of  its  names  is  R.  dauricum 
var.  sempervirens.  In  the  Coombe  Wocd  Ninsery 
at  Kingston  Hill  it  was  formerly  cultivated  £s 
R.  amoenum,  but  when  Azaleas  were  included 
under  Rhododendrons  this  name  rightly  belonged 


RHODODENDRON    EMASCULUM,    A    HYBRID    WITHOUT    STAMENS,    NOW 
FLOWERING   AT   KEW. 


to  the  plant  so  widely  grown  as  Azalea  amcena. 
R.  emasculum  is  an  evergreen  bush  with  flowers 
I  ii\ch  to  I J  inch's  across,  very  freely  borne 
towards  the  end  of  March  and  during  early  April. 
Natiurally  flow- ring  early,  it  is  a  Vtry  valuahl 
plant  for  forcing,  the  blossoms  responding  readily 
during  Fi  bruary  to  the  heat  of  an  ordinary  green- 
house. Of  the  two,  the  shade  lighter  colouring 
of  the  light  mauve  flow  rs  under  glass  is  the  mor>. 
pleasing.     In  the  making  up  of  wreaths  and  crossi  s 


it  is  a  most  effective  and  valuable  shade  of' colour. 
Cuttings  frcm  plants  grown  under  glass  root 
readily  under  a  bell-glass  in  early  summir. 

Wanted— a    Purple    Waimower.— Among    the 

several  fine  colourings  that  have  of  late  years 
been  produced  in  Wallfiowers  there  is  one  of  which 
they  are  evidently  capable,  that  is  much  wanted, 
but  that  as  yet  has  escaped  the  favourable  notice 
of  raisers.  This  is  a  really  good  purple.  The 
existing  old  purple  is  already  too  good  a  thing  to  be 
neglected  in  careful  spring  gardening,  but  in  working 
from  it  growers  seem  to  have  given  all  their 
attention  to  driving  it  into  reddish  colourings. 
May  we  not  hope  for  a  rich  purple  tending  rather 
towards  a  violet  colour,  such  as  would  so  well 
accompany  Tulips  Erguste,  Rev.  Ewbank  and 
Blue  ITag.  There  would  seem  to  be  no  reason . 
why  the  purple  Wallflower  should  not  be  as  easily 
led  in  the  direction  of  cool  colouring  as  in  that  of 
hot.  A  fixed  strain  of  such  a 
tint  would  be  of  great  value. 
Star  Dahlias.  — The  new 
race  of  single  Dahlias,  with 
narrow,  pointed  petals  which 
give  the  flower  the  appear- 
ance of  a  star,  and  of  which 
seed  was  only  recently  obtain- 
able, are  an  ideal  border 
flower,  excellent  for  cutting 
purposes.  They  are  quite  free 
of  that  stiff  appearance' that 
militates  so  greatly  against 
many  varieties  when  cut, 
and  yet  they  have  sufficient 
stamina  in  the  stem  to  sup- 
port themselves,  so  that  the 
flowers  are  well  displayed.  In 
medium-sized  vases  on  the 
table  they  are  excel'ent  and 
retain  their  freshness  for  an 
unusually  long  time.  Seeds 
can  be  sown  in  early  spring, 
or  plants  procured  in  May  for 
planting  in  the  open  ground. 
Those  who  have  raised  seed- 
lings may  look  forward  to 
a  most  interesting  time  when 
these  show  their  buds,  for 
all  Dahlias  are  sportive 
plants  and  one  can  never 
tell,  among  a  batch  of  seedlings,  what  surprises 
are  in  store. 


FORTHCOMING   EVENTS. 

February  14— United  Hortictiltural  Benefit 
and  Provident  Society's  Meeting.  Bath  Gardeners" 
Debating  Society  s  Meeting. 

February  22 — Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Fortnightly  Meeting. 


74 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  12,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


TULIPA  SAXATILIS  IN  FULL  SUN. 
T  WAS  very  interested  in  what  Mr.  Foy  wrote 
about  this  Tulip  (page  41),  and  his  experience 
would  suggest  that  it  would  do  best  planted  in 
a  sunny  position  on  rockwork  where  it  could  get 
a  good  roasting  in  summer.  It  is  pleasing  to  note 
that  such  a  beautiful  little  Tulip  as  saxatilis  can 
be  so  easily  naturalised — Peter  R.   Barr. 


POT     MARIGOLDS. 

]y[R.  WILLIAM  CUTHBERTSON  received 
reliable  information  when  his  daughter 
brought  him  news  regarding  the  Calendula.  Not 
only  is  this  flower  an  important  item  in  California, 
but  also  throughout  the  United  States.  It  is 
grown  in  enormous  quantities  under  glass  for  winter 
and  spring  flowering,  and  in  the  open  for 
bloom  prior  to  the  real  hot  weather.  For  the  small 
grower  it  is  a  valuable  plant  as  it  will  run  through 
the  winter  with  less  heat  than  anything  else. 
That  it  is  profitable  goes  without  saying ;  its 
colour  makes  it  a  ready  seller,  and  at  this  time 
(January)  it  sells  in  the  markets  at  £1  or  more 
100  blooms.  The  flowers  are  certainly  fine ; 
disbudding  is  followed  and  the  steins  are  12  inches 
or  more  in  length.  That  the  strains  grown  have 
an  affinity  with  that  sent  by  Mr.  Cuthbertson 
I  have  no  doubt  at  all.  It  is  only  in  recent  years 
that  Orange  King  and  Lemon  Queen  have  loomed 
so  largely,  but  it  is  hardly  to  be  expected  that  the 
source  of  origin  would  be  recognised  tor  any  length 
of  time.  There  are  some  wonderful  people, 
especially  in  the  West,  who,  in  a  year  or  two.  can 
originate  flowers  surpassing  anything  which 
European  workers  produced  in  100  years.  People 
who  know  plants,  however,  are  not  led  away  by 
the  tall  talk  of  these  miracle  men,  but  as  about 
100,000,000  of  the  105,000.000  population  are 
more  or  less  ignorant  of  plant  development,  it 
follows  that  only  those  who  shout  loudest  about 
their  products  attract  public  attention.  As  might 
be  expected  from  one  of  my  temperament,  some  of 
these  wonder-workers  have  fallen  foul  of  me ; 
indeed,  one  even  went  so  far  as  to  threaten  me 
with  dire  penalties,  but  presumably  thought 
better  of  it  when  he  found  rae  ready  and  willing. 
— T.  A.  W..  New  Jersey. 

THE     TOAD     LILIES     OR    TRICYRTIS. 

^MONG  the  many  plants  the  writer  has  passed 
through  his  hands  in  order  to  become 
acquainted  with  their  characters  and  to  retain  . 
only  what  were  considered  the  best  were  the 
species  of  Tricyrtis,  well  named  the  "  Toad 
Lily,"  because  of  the  curious,  rather  than 
beautiful,  flowers  presented  by  the  different 
members  of  the  genus.  They  are  very  late 
summer  or  autumn  blooming  plants  which 
oft-times  dally  so  late  in  northern  gardens  that 
frost  overtakes  them  before  their  flowers  can 
open.  All  are  of  much  the  same  charac  er.  They 
send  up  stems  about  a  foot  high,  clad  thinly  with 
rather  hairy  dark  green  leaves  and  from  the 
axils  of  these  there  appear  the  blooms  which 
are  Lily-like  in  their  general  appearance,  but 
singularly  formed  and  of  rather  weird  colouring. 
AU  are  practically  duU  pink,  dotted  with  deep 
purple  in  a  curious  fashion  on  the  wax-like 
divisions  of  the  flower.  They  like  a  rather  moist, 
warm  place  (the  warmth  to  indue  e  them  to  flower 
in  good  time)  and  a  good  rich  soil.  Of  those  in 
cultivation  T.  hirta  and  T.  ma.  ropoda  are  the 
best  known,  and  the  latter  is  probably  tlie  better 
of  the  two,  especially  in  the  colder  disLricts  as 
it  blooms  sooner  than  T.  hirta,  which  of>en  comes 


too  late  to  be  of  any  value  in  the  north.  A  choice 
spec^ies  also  from  Japan,  where  it  grows  in  wood- 
lands is  the  little  one  known  as  T.  Hototogisu. 
an  impronounceable  name  for  most  folks.  It  is 
rare  in  this  country,  but  is  desirable  for  the  sake 
of  its  pleasing  habit  of  growth,  more  graceful 
than  that  of  the  others. — S.  Arnott.   Dumfries. 

SHOULD     RASPBERRY     CANES     BE 

TIPPED  ? 

TN  The  Garden,  January  20,  under  the  heading 
of  "  Gardening  of  the  Week,"-  Mr.  H.  Turner 
says,  "  Points  of  canes  of  summer  varieties 
(Raspberries)  may  now  ba  tipped."  In  my 
experience  it  is  far  better  to  leave  the  young  canes 
at  full  length,  as  many  of  the  finest  fruits  are 
produced  at  the  tips.  When  invited  to  give 
advice  on  the  point  I  always  recommend  that 
the  young  wood  should  be  left  at  full  length, 
because  I  honestly  believe  it  to  be  the  most  satis- 
factory method  of  growing  Raspberries.  At  the 
same  time  I  am  open  to  conviction  and  should 
be  glad  if  Mr.  Turner  could  spare  time  to  give 
his  reasons  for  tipping  the  canes.  It  is  really  a 
most  interesting  point  and  one  in  which  amateur 
gardeners  are  greatly  interested. — F.  W.  Mii.es, 
A  vut  SI.  Lnwre"ce,   Hens. 

AUTUMN     RASPBERRIES. 

TT  is  surprising  that  so  few  people  grow  the 
late-fruiting  Raspberries.  Nothing  is  more 
satisfactory,  for  they  come  in  after  all  other  bush 
fruits  are  over  and  are  at  their  best  in  mid- 
September,  and  if  the  autunui  is  a  mild  one  they 
go  on  through  October,  as  they  did  this  last  year. 
They  do  best  in  the  dampest  part  of  the  garden 
where  it  is  not  very  dry,  but  they  are  not  particular 
as  to  position  or  soil.  They  should  be  cut  down 
to  within  6  inches  of  the  base  in  April.  The  most 
prolific  we  find  in  our  soil  is  Queen  Alexandra, 
but  the  largest  fruit  is  Mervielle  de  Rouge.  The 
canes  increase  rapidly,  so  require  thinning  and 
replanting  about  every  three  years  or  oftener. 
On  a  light  soil  (as  here)  they  are  more  satisfactory 
than  the  summer  Raspberries  and,  being  larger 
fruit,  they  make  splendid  preserves,  either  bottled 
or  as  jam. — G.  H.  T.,  Cobham. 

BOTANY     FROM     A     TRAIN. 

T  WAS  quite  in  sympathy  with  "  Somi?rs  "  when 
he  discussed,  or  discoursed  upon,  the  wild 
flowers  he  observed  while  riding  upon  a  char-^- 
bancs,  in  The  Garden  of  December  25  last. 
I  thought  he  would  have  followed  it  up  with 
botany  from  the  train,  which  I  have  found  an 
excellent  pastime  on  many  a  long  journey.  It 
was  a  delightful  surprise  to  see  how  the  Red 
Valerian  (Contranthus  ruber)  had  taken  possession 
of  a  railway  cutting  near  Chepstow ;  also  the 
chalky  rocks  at  Guildford  station,  and  the  chalk 
cuttings  between  Maidstone  and  Ashford.  The 
same  duy  I  passed  Chepstow  I  spotted  the  Oxford 
Ragwort  (Senecio  squalidus)  at  Oxford.  Since 
then  I  noted  its  advent  at  Reading  ;  now  it  has 
spread  all  over  the  Great  Western  Railway  system. 
It  is  easy  to  account  tor  the  dispersal  ol  the  plant 
from  Oxford.  The  railway  carriages  and  wagons 
whip  up  the  flying  seeds  and  carry  them  along  to 
drop  them  later.  During  similar  journeys  I  have 
s'en  Snapdragons  in  the  chalky  cutting,,  at 
Carshalfor,  Coulsdon  and  Maidstone.  The  Marsh 
Mallow  in  the  marshes  at  Appledor  ,  Rye  and 
Winchelsea  was  a  fine  sight  as  I  sped  from 
Folkestone    to    Hastings.     The    white   everlasting 


Anaphalis  margaritacea  also  delighted  me  as  the 
train  rolled  down  the  hillsides  to  Ystalifera  and 
Portardawe,  between  Colbren  Junction  and 
Swansea.  The  way  this  plant  had  taken  possession 
of  the  railway  banks,  and  scoria  or  slag  from  the 
smelting  furnaces  in  the  valley  was  a  revelation. 
The  railway  banks  at  Friockhcim,  F'orfaishire, 
were  clothed  in  a  similar  way  with  Campanula 
rapunculoides.  With  the  exception  of  Marsh 
Mallows,  all  the  above  are  exotics,  cultivated  in 
gardens,  but  have  become  naturalised  in  this 
country,  each  selecting  its  own  suitable  situation 
to  grow. — Hortulanus. 

BLUE     LEGS. 

TN  answer  to  Mr.  Clarence  Elliott's  query 
(page  53),  I  do  not  suppose  Gloucestershire 
can  lay  claim  to  the  exclusive  production  of 
Agaricus  personatus,  though  the  county  seems 
to  have  something  of  a  monopoly  in  it,  for  Dr. 
Cooke  in  his  book  on  Fungi  says  that  Lepista 
personata  (included  with  the  Agarics  by  Fries) 
is  not  imcommon  in  Northern  Europe  and  America, 
and  that  he  had  heard  of  its  being  regularly  sent 
to  Covent  Garden,  but  he  adds  that  during  many 
years  residence  in  London  he  had  never  seen  it. 
Dr.  Cooke  damns  this  Mushroom  with  faint  praise, 
cons'dermg  it  "  passable  when  broiled "  ;  but 
tastes  vary  very  much.  The  correspondence  in 
the  columns  of  The  Garden  some  time  ago  on 
"  Flavour  in  Tomatoes  "  conclusively  proved  that 
some  of  quite  the  nicest  people,  even  authorities 
in  gastronomy,  keenly  appreciated  the  "  paiticu- 
larly  nasty  taste "  of  the  old  ribbed  Tomato, 
so  perhaps  Blue  Legs  may  yet  come  to  the  front  ; 
certainly  they  are  eaten  by  hundreds  of  people 
without  any  ill  effects.  It  seems  worth  the 
attention  of  those  learned  in  fungus  lore  to 
enquire  why,  when  Agaricus  campestris  and 
A.  arvensis  were  scarcely  to  be  seen  all  through 
the  season,  that  a  species  so  nearly  allied  should 
be  so  very  plentiful.  One  morning  I  met  two 
women  who  had  been  Mushrooming  in  the  fields 
between  Cheltenham  and  Coombe  Hill,  and  they 
were  swinging  between  them  a  market  pot  basket 
(five  pecks)  filled  with  fine  Mushrooms,  all  of 
A  personatus  gathered  in  a  very  short  time. — J.  P. 
Cheltenham. 


T  WAS  interested  to  read  the  notes  upon  these 
fimgi  by  Mr.  Clarence  Elliott  in  The  Garden, 
January  29,  page  53.  In  Notts  and  Lincolnshire 
Blue  Legs — or,  as  they  are  called  locally,  "  Blewits,' 
"  Bluecaps  "  or  "  Bluestalks  " — grow  commonly  in 
the  meadows  by  the  River  Trent.  A  few  are 
eaten  by  the  locals,  but  many  are  gathered  by  the 
SheiBeld  anglers,  who  frequent  the  lower  Trent 
in  numbers.  I  rather  fancy  the  foregoing  local 
names  were  used  as  a  collective  term  for  several 
species.  M.  C.  Cooke,  in  "  British  Edible  Fungi," 
calls  Bluecaps,  Tricholoma  (Agaricus)  nuda ; 
Blewits,  T.  Personata  ;  and  St.  George's  Mushrooms, 
T.  Gambosa.  The  same  writer  says  that  a  most 
successful  method  of  cooking  them  is  to  place  a 
lump  of  butter  in  the  frying-pan,  with  a  sufficiency 
of  gravy  or  milk,  and  a  little  curry  powder  ;  fry 
for  seven  or  eight  minutes,  and  then  throw  in 
the  sliced  agaric,  and  fry  gently  for  a  further 
ten  minutes.  Serve  up  quickly  on  toast.  With 
regard  to  Boletus  Edulis,  this  is  generally  common 
in  woods.  Cooke  observes  that  for  culinary 
purposes  the  stems  should  be  discarded,  together 
with  the  porous  portion  under  the  cap.  He  also 
notes  that  "  when  cut  through,  or  broken,  the 
flesh  does  not  immediately,  or  at  any  time,  become 
of  a  deep  blue.  It  will  be  borne  in  mind  that  all 
the  Boleti  which  change  colour  to  a  deep  blue 
when  cut  or  bruised,  are  not  only  suspicious,  but 


February  12,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


75 


some  are  strongly  poisonous."  A  respected 
member  o£  the  Woolhope  Club,  who  lived  near  my 
old  home,  was  a  great  authority  on  fungi,  and  his 
collie  dog  always  appeared  depressed  during  the 
periodical  "  fungus  feasts."  I  understand  the 
reason  now.  On  the  whole,  perhaps,  for  the 
layman,  the  following  couplet  is  apposite  : 

"  Fungi  cause  internal  twists 
Leave  them  to  Mycologists." 

— G.  Bertr.\m  Kershaw,   Westminster,  S.W. 

THE    WORCESTER    BERRY. 

T.\  Tut;  Garde.n,  December  ii,  page  607,  a 
new  berry  is  described.  This  is  called  the 
Worcester  Berry  and  is  said  to  be 
the  result  of  a  cross  between  the- 
Gooseberry  and  Black  Currant.  It  may, 
perhaps,  be  of  interest  to  readers  to  know 
that  the  1-lowering  Currant  and  Wild 
Gooseberry  sometimes  cross  in  a  wild 
state.  The  Wild  Flowerinn  Currant 
grows  everywhere  in  the  \  ">ods  of 
Vancouver  Island,  and  the  i  uchsia- 
flowering  Gooseberry  makes  large 
bushes  6  feet  high,  generally  bearing  i 
large  crops  of  berries,  which,  although  ^. 
very  large,  are  not  considered  edible.  ,; 
Se\'eral  years  ago  I  noticed  a  Currant 
bush  in  the  woods  that  did  not  seem 
e.\actly  like  the  Flowering  Currant, 
although  it  bore  wood  of  the  same 
colour.  On  examining  it  I  saw  it  had 
thorns  and  several  other  characteristics 
lit  the  Gooseberry,  so  supposed  it  to  be 
a  hybrid  between  the  Wild  Currant 
and  Gooseberry.  1  noticed  the  same 
bush  later  in  the  season.  The  fruits 
were  borne  in  the  same  manner  as  Red 
Currants,  were  small,  black,  marked 
like  a  Gooseberry  and  tasted  like  a 
Gooseberry.  The  leaves  were  small  and 
like  the  leaves  of  cultivated  Gooseberries. 
The  wood  was  coloured  like  Flo  'ering 
Currant  wood  and  bore  thorns.  I  kept 
the  bush  under  observation  for  several  pale  v 
years  until  two  years  ago,  and  considered 
it  to  be  interesting,  but  not  of  any  value, 
as  the  crops  of  fruit  are  very  light  and 
the  berries  no  larger  than  Currants.  The 
fniit  of  the  Wild  Gooseberry  here  is  red, 
and  the  Flowering  Currant  light  blue,  and 
both  much  larger  than  the  hybrid  ;  but  there 
is  a  garden  a  ciuarter  of  a  mile  away  from 
the  place,  where  Currants  and  Gooseberries  arc 
grown  so  it  might  be  the  result  of  the  crossing 
of  some  of  the  cultivated  fruit  with  the  wild. 
I  was  rather  surprised  to  learn  that  the  Washington 
Gage  was  a  shy  bearer.  There  is  a  tree  near 
Courchan  Station  that  must  be  over  thirty  years 
old,  in  a  garden  that  was  made  by  some  early 
settler,  and  although  it  is  not  pruned  or  sprayed, 
the  crop  for  the  last  two  years  was  very  heavy. 
I  noticed  that  the  fruit  was  allowed  to  fall  this 
season.  The  owner  said  it  did  not  pay  to  pick 
the  fruit,  as  Plums  were  so  plentiful  and,  as  the 
Washington  Gage  does  not  keep  its  colour  when 
cooked,  it  was  not  so  easy  to  sell  as  other  kinds. — 
T.  S.,    VaiicoKvcr  Island,  British  Columbia. 


A  BORDER  OF  BULBS 

AND  ANNUALS 

A  LETTER  comes  to  The  Garden  asking 
for  advice  as  to  the  best  annuals  to 
grow  over  bu  bs,  a  question  of  some 
interest,  to  which  we  hope  the  fol  owing 
answer  may  be  of  use.  It  is  obvious 
that  it  is  a  case  in  which  annuals  that  make-large 
growth,  with  corresponding  greedy  roots,  will 
be  out  of  place,  but  there  are  quite  enough  kinds 
with  roots  of  moderate  strength  that  should  not  rob 
the  bulbs  of  more  nourishment  than  can  be  easily 
restored  by  a  nutritive  mulch  of  good  leaf  mould. 


close  to  the  path.  Others  that  will  be  found  useful 
arc,  in  blue  and  bluish  colourings,  Didiscus,  Asperula 
azurea,  Nigella,  Anagallis,  Convolvtdus  minor  ;  in 
white,  Argemone  Jacobaea  (white  var.),  Gypsophila 
elegans,  Linaria  maroccana  (white  var.),  Omphalodcs 
linifolia ;  in  yellow.  Dwarf  Nasturtiums  and 
Eschscholzias ;  in  pink  and  red,  Saponaria, 
Cacalia,  Papaver  glaucum  and  P.  umbrosum. 
The  pretty  white  and  purple  CoUinsia  bicolor  should 
also  not  be  forgotten. 


Yellow  Fumitory  for  Sunny  Walls 

Well     circumstanced,     it     is    surprising    how 
effective   even    a   common-place   subject     appears 


lil.LOW    TULIPS    AND    A    GENERAL    CARPETING     OF    DOUBLE    WHITE    ARABIS    AND    MYOSOTIS. 


As  the  annuals  would  not  be  sown  till  iVIarch 
or  .'\pril,  when  the  leaves  of  the  bulbs  would 
still  be  showing,  the  sowing  will  naturally  take 
place  in  any  spaces  that  may  occur  between  the 
groups  of  bulbs.  But  if  the  bulb  border  is  being 
planned  from  the  beginning,  with  the  intention 
of  having  annuals  to  follow,  it  will  be  best  done  in 
some  such  way  as  is  suggested  by  the  accompanying 
diagram. 

Not  bulbs  only,  but  all  border  plants,  look 
best  when  planted  in  long  shaped  drifts  rather 
than  in  condensed  or  roundish  patches.  In  the 
plan,  the  groups  hatched  across  show  the  bulbs, 
and  the  white  spaces  the  annuals  :  these  will  also 
show  as  pleasant  drifts,  and,  as  the  foliage  of  the 
bulbs  dies  off,  will  cover  the  whole  space.  Some 
of  the  annuals  which  are  naturally  of  a  flat  growing, 
spreading  habit,  such  as  Nemophila,  Platystemon 
and  Liirmanthes,  are  of  special  value  in  the  middle 
spaces  ;  others  of  minute  growth — Grammanthes,, 
Sedura  coerulcum,  Saxifraga  Cymbalaria,  Koeniga, 
Virginian  Stock   and   lonopsidium  will  come   well 


when  wedded  to  a  suitable  environment.  The 
above  named  (Corydalis  lutea)  is  a  case  in 
point.  Pleasing  at  all  times  by  reason  of  an 
elegant  grace  and  lern-like  habit  unsurpassed 
by  any  of  its  tribe,  it  is  particularly  so  in  the 
spring  when  the  tender,  glaucous  green  leaves 
appear  in  all  their  freshness,  in  instances  especially 
where  pruning  or  cutting  back  to  the  tuft  w.as 
earlier  indulged  in,  giving  to  the  plant  an  oppor- 
tunity of  gowning  itself  anew  unfettered  and 
unmarred  by  the  garb  it  donned  just  a  year  ago. 
Best  of  all  clcgant-leaved  subjects  for  dry  and 
sunny  walls  and  those  high-up  crevices  or  crannies 
in  rock  gardens  which,  but  for  some  such  plant, 
must  ever  rem.ain  ungarnished,  it  is  well  worth 
this  little  attention  annually  if  we  would  have  it 
at  its  best.  Away  high  up  in  the  Cotswolds  we 
have  seen  it,  unkempt  and  uncared  for,  garnishing 
the  stone  wall  fences  well  and  quite  in  harmony 
with  its  surroimdings ;  while  in  kept  gardens 
a  routine  principle  may  be  applied  with  equally 
good  results. 


bokdi;r    of    bulbs    and    axnuals  :     bulbs    shown    hatched    across. 


76 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  12,  1921. 


Plants  for  Sunny  Limestone  Rock  Gardens 

It  is  not  every  plant  that  will  flourish  in  hot  positions  in  limestone  rock  gardens, 
and  those  who  contemplate  planting  will  find  this  article  full  of  helpful  suggestions 


FOR  rock  gardens  coastnictfd  of  lime- 
stone, quite  a  number  of  plants;  are  not 
only  suitable,  but  will  thrive  exceptionally 
well.  Some,  however,  do  not  appreciate 
full  sun  when  in  such  a  situation,  but  in 
the  following  notes  I  endeavour  to  give  some 
iniormation  regarding  the  plants  which  will  not 
only  grow  but  will  flourish  in  sunny,  hot  positions 
in  limestone  rock  gardens.  When  first  planted 
they  should  be  carefully  watered  to  prevent  them 
from  being  burned-up  before  they  have  become 
established  and,  if  planted  in  suimy  weather,  a 
little  shade  of  come  kind  is  neces- 
sary for  a  time  and  this  will,  at 
least,  save  the  lives  of  many  of  thi 
plants.  Many  more  plants  than 
those  mentioned  will  flourish,  but  I 
have  endeavoured  to  give  a  selec- 
tion of  representative  flowers, 
rather  than  a  long,  complete  list. 
Not  all  of  the  Acaeuas,  or  New 
Zealand  Burrs,  will  be  happy  in 
such  a  place,  but  the  silvery  A. 
argentea'is  an  exception  and  will 
be  useful  for  carpeting.  This  is 
tKe  place  to  try  the  delightful 
Acantholimon  venustum.  the  refined 
sister  flower  of  A.  glumaceum,  and 
more  difficult  to  J  cultivate  than 
that  more  popular  flower.  Some  of 
the  Achillcas,,  especially  the  silvery- 
leaved  ones,  are  in  their  element  in 
such  a  situation,  and  some  which 
may  be  essayed  with  success  are 
A» .. rupestris,  A.  argcntea,  and  A. 
uml)ellata.  The  delightful  Mlhi- 
ouemas,  or  Lebanon  .Candytufts, 
afford  .us  some  charming  flowers 
for  our  sunny  limestone  rock  garden.  ' 
A  selection  might  include  the 
favourite  /E.  grandiflorum,  JE. 
coridifolium,  and  the  distinct  M. 
schistosura.  Cf  such  value  are  the 
Alyssums,  although  some  of  them, 
such  as  A.  saxatile,  may  be  a  shade 
too  coarse  for  small  rock  gardens. 
Even  these,  however,  may  have  the 
pretty  A.  alpestre  and  the  nice 
little  A.  serpyllifolium,  with  yellow 
flowers. 

Of  the  Androsaces  several  may 
be  suggested,  but  A.  foliosa  and 
A.  sarmentosa  do  not  give  the 
same  trouble  as  do  a  considerable 
number  of  the  rarer  and  newer 
species.  Anthemis  Biebersteiniana 
may  represent  the  Anthemises  ;  and 
Anthyllis  montana  this  genus.  Such  a  rock  garden 
is  an  excellent  position  for  the  twolittle  Snapdragons 
called  Antirrhinum  Asarina  and  A.  glutinosum. 
The  distinct  Astragalus  Tragacantha  will  give 
character  to  the  rock  garden  and  an  Aubrietia  or 
two  will  yield  their  welcome  quota  of  colour  in 
the  spring.  It  almost  goes  without  saying  that 
the  Cerastiums,  though  coarse,  enjoy  such  a  place. 
C.  Bieberstsinii  is  a  stronger  grower  than  the  more 
common  C.  tomentosum.  The  bright  Cheiranthus 
AUioaii  may  represent  the  Wallflowers.  Where  the 
district  is  mild  enough,  two  or  three  of  the  Cistuses, 
or  Rock  Roses,  might  be  added.  C.  albidus 
and  C.  formosus  will  be  much  appreciated,  as, 
indeed,  would  almost  any  of  these  favourite 
shrubs.  Coronilla  iberica  is  quite  a  good 
yellow-flowered  plant.     It    is    almost    superfluous 


to    say    that    a  few    of    the    Dianthuses    should 
have  a  place. 

A  really  good  form  of  Dianthus  cssius,  with  some 
representatives  of  others  with  glaucous  leaves  and 
a  proportion  of  the  single  varieties  cf  D.  plumarius 
are  valuable.  Draba  Mawii  may  represent  these 
little  plants,  and  Edraianthus  pumiliorum  might 
be  suggested  as  showing  the  beauty  ol  these  choice 
plants  for  our  rock  gardens.  Of  Erodiums  there 
are  several,  and  such  as  E.  guttatum  may  be  chosen 
to  adorn  the  place.  For  the  rougher  parts.  Genista 
pilosa  may  be  secured.     We  may  represent  the  elite 


Phytcuma  comosum  may  have  a  good  chance  if 
the  slugs  will  leave  it  alone,  which  is  doubtful. 
Potentilla  valderia  is  a  pretty  silvery  subject.  Of 
the  hardy  Primulas  there  are  several  of  the  Auricula 
tj-pe  which  are  grateful  for  our  limestone  rock 
garden  conditions  and  P.  marginata  may  be  named 
as  a  beauty  in  such  a  spot.  The  silvery  Saxifrages 
call  for  mention,  but  they  would  naturally  appeal 
to  owners  of  such  a  rock  garden.  Suffice  it  to  say 
that  most  of  the  Aizoon  section  arc  gems  for  our 
objective.  Sedums,  also,  delight  in  such  conditions, 
and  so  do  most  of  the  Sempervivums,  but  it  may 
be  mentioned  that  it  is  worth  while  giving  up 
a  good  place  for  the  sake  of  those  with  cobweb-like 
tomentum,  such,  for  example,  as  S.  arachnoideum 
and  S.  Laggeri. 

I    will   conclude    this   brief   summary    of   some 

good    plants    for    such    positions    by    mentioning 

the  delightful  little  Veronica  saxa- 

tilis  and  its    white    variety,    V.    s. 

alba.  S.  Arnott. 


Raising    East 
Lothian  Stocks 


^^<^'^^- 


./     >"  t^' 


'4V  ^^ 


-^  % 


A     ROCK     GARDEN     SNAPDRAGON     (ANTIRRHINUM     GLUTINOSUM) 


of  the  Geriniums  by  such  species  as  G.  argenteum, 
G.  c'nereum  and  G.  Traversii — the  last  is  the  least 
hardy.  Sun  Roses  would  give  us  a  big  choice,  and 
we  may  remember  here  the  high  claims  of  Helian- 
tbemum  lunulatum  for  a  hot  limestone  rock  garden. 
Linum  salsoloides  is  a  good  Flax  for  our  purpose, 
and  in  Lithospermum  Gastoni  we  have  a  specially 
uncommon  Gromwell  which  craves  such  a  position. 
The  fragrant  Micromerias,  such  as  M.  Piperella, 
should  not  be  forgotten,  and  lovers  of  the  curious 
m'ght  try  Opuntia  Rafinesquii.  If  in  a  wet  district 
it  is  prudent  to  cover  from  rain  during  winter. 
The  pretty  Oxytropis  campestris  may  be  given  a 
place,  and  so  may  that  hardy  Pelargonium,  with  the 
cumbrous  name  of  P.  endlicheriauum.  The  spring 
Phloxes  of  the  subulata  section  supply  us  with  a 
charming  set  of  flowers,  and  the  curiously  pretty 


Tins  Stock,  which,  when  well 
grown,  surpasses  in  beauty  and 
utility  all  other  sections  of  this 
popular  flower,  is  not  nearly  so 
often  met  with  as  its  merits 
demand  In  all  likelihood  too  late 
sowing  is  the  commonest  cause  of 
failure,  while  the  little  extra 
trouble  it  requires  in  the  raising 
of  the  plants  also  militates  against 
its  universal  cultivation. 

To  ensure  fine  plants  fit  for 
planting  out  early  in  May,  the 
seed  should  be  sown  early  in 
fcbruary,  in  pans  or  small  boxes 
of  light  soil  and  set  in  a  temper- 
ature of  about  55°.  Sow  thinly, 
so  as  to  reduce  the  chance  of 
damping-off  to  a  minimum.  As 
soon  as  germination  takes  place, 
get  the  receptacles  raised  up  close 
10  the  roof  glass,  and  if  the 
weather  be  very  sunny  a  little 
shade  will  do  no  harm  at  first. 
As  soon  as  fit  to  ha  die,  the  little 
plants  should  be  pricked  off  into 
boxes  of  good  soil.  Water  care- 
fully, and  shade  from  all  sunshine 
for  a  week.  As  growth  starts 
again,  gradually  inure  the  plants 
to  all  possible  light,  and  give 
air  in  abundance,  but  avoid  cold 
draughts.  After  the  plants  are 
well  established,  and  as  weather 
conditions  improve,  shift  the 
boxes  to  a  cold  frame,  keeping  close  for  a  day 
or  two,  afterwards  gradually  admitting  abundance 
of  air.  The  plants  soon  show  signs  of  distress 
should  the  soil  get  dry,  but  equally  resent  over- 
watering. 

By  the  end  of  April  the  plants  will  be  in  a  fit 
state  for  planting  out  in  their  flowering  quarters. 
They  must  then  be  well  hardened  off,  and  the 
planting  accomplished  during  showery  or  dull 
weather,  if  possible.  Extra  care  should  be  taken 
in  lifting  the  plants,  so  as  to  retain  a  good  ball 
of  soil  round  the  roots.  Plant  firmly,  allowing 
about  rs  inches  between  the  plants.  A  thorough 
soaking  of  water  must  be  given  if  the  soil  is  at  all 
dry.  Little  further  is  necessary,  except  a  weekly 
run  through  with  a  Dutch  hoe  to  loosen 
the     surface      evenly     all     round     the      plants. 


February  12,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


77 


and    an    occasional     soaking     of     water  T  during 
dry  weather. 

This  Stock  must  have  rich,  deeply-tilled  ground 
if  it  is  to  give  of  its  best,  and  a  Ligh-rlass  strain 
of   seed   is,    of   course,    a   necessity.     Plants    that 


fail  to  flower  well  may  be  lifted  in  September, 
placed  in  7-inch  pots,  and  wintered  in  a  cool  house. 
These  will  be  found  to  give  a  glorious  display  in 
the  conservatory  in  spring, 

Pieslon  House  Gn'den%,  Linliihgow.     C.  Bl.\:i;. 


STARTING    BEGONIA     TUBERS 

The  advantages  of  beginning  early  and  the  right  food 
procedure. 


THE  gorgeous  tuberous  Begonias,  with 
their  bold,  massive,  brilliantly  coloured 
flowers,  are  often  not  started  into  growth 
sufficiently  early,  with  the  result  that 
we  are  well  into  July  before  they  are 
flowering  freely  and  the  plants  are  still  covered 
with  buds  in  alitumn.  If  used  for  bedding  this 
means  that  the  earlier  part  of  the  season  is  wasted, 
as  well  as  the  unopened  buds  which  are  destroyed 
by  autumn  frosts.  Under  glass  the  season  may  not 
be  shortened  because  the  plants  can  be  protected, 
and  continue  flowering  gaily,  but  they  are  then 
often  occupying  space  on  the  staging  which  is 
wanted  for  Primulas,  Chrysanthemums  or  various 
cuttings,  and  are  thus  overlapping  their 
season  of  usefulness.  By  earlier  starting  this  is 
avoided,  as  they  commence  to  flower  in  June  and 
finish  correspondingly  earlier.  The  tubers  should 
now  be  taken  out  of  store  and  examined  to  see 
that  they  are  perfectly  sound  and  spread  on 
shallow  wooden  boxes  filled  with  leaf-mould  or 
coconut  fibre  stood  in  a  temperature  of  55°  to 
65°.  Stronger  heat  than  this  is  not  desirable,  as 
it  induces  too  rapid  growth,  which  is  made  at  the 
expense  of  vigour.  Keep  the  soil  thoroughly 
damp,  but  never  wet,  and  spray  lightly  overhead 
each  day.  This  spraying  is  of  the  greatest  assist- 
ance in  promoting  healthy,  rapid  growth,  but  must 
not  be  overdone.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the 
majority  of  the  tubers  are  slightly  concave  at  the 
top,  and  if  spraying  is  too  generously  done  the 
water  collects  in  this  like  a  basin  and  is  apt  to 
cause  rotting.  Tiny  pink  sprouts  will  soon 
appear,  and  from  this  time  onwards  they  must 
be  kept  always  in  a  good  light  and  sufficiently 
moist.  Grow  them  on  until  two  or  three  leaves 
have  been  made  without  disturbance  ;  it  is  not 
desirable  to  interfere  with  them  too  soon,  but  at 
the  same  lime,  they  should  not  be  left  so  long  that 
the  leaves  touch  each  other  or  the  roots  become 
entangled  with  those  of  their  neighbours.  Prepare 
the  compost  for  potting  them  some  time  previously 
and  turn  the  heap  over  several  times  to  ensure  that 
it  is  thoroughly  mixed.  Begonias  detest  a  hard, 
close  soil ;  one  which  contains  a  fair  share  of 
humus  and  is  light  and  rich,  so  as  to  be  easily 
permeable  by  the  masses  of  roots,  suiting  them  best. 
Two  parts  of  yellow  loam  with  plenty  of  fibre 
in  it,  well  pulled  to  pieces,  to  which  is  added  one 
part  of  sweet,  flaky  Oak  or  Beech  leaf  mould,  and 
a  3-inch  potful  of  soot  to  each  bushel  affords  a 
most  satisfactory  medium.  The  addition  of  a 
moderate  amount  of  old  hot-bed  manure  increases 
its  fertility,  but  avoid  sand,  or  trouble  with  the 
liegonia  mite  is  pretty  sure  to  occur.  The  size 
of  the  pots  used  varies  with  the  size  of  the  tuber, 
but  should  not  be  over  large,  and  the  pots  must  be 
scrupulously  clean  and  well  drained.  Fill 
them  lightly  with  soil  and  rap  once  on  the 
potting  bench  to  settle  it,  then  lift  your  tubers 
from  the  boxes  in  which  they  have  been  started 
and  place  in  the  centre  of  the  pot.  Damage  the 
roots  as  little  as  possible  when  lifting  from  the 
boxes.  The  roots  take  a  firm  grip  of  the  leaf-mould 
or  fibre,  and  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  lift  them  with 
a  good  ball  adhering.     Fill  in  with  soil  round  the 


tubers  so  that  these  are  only  just  covered  and  rap 
once  or  twice  to  settle  the  soil  round  them.  Very 
little  pressure  from  the  fingers  is  needed  on  the 
surface,  while  each  plant  should  be  lightly  watered 
after  completion.  A  rather  close,  humid  atmosphere 
is  the  best,  with  a  temperature  between  50°  and 
65°,  keeping  this  as  even  as  possible  both  by 
night  as  well  as  day.  As  the  spring  advances  care 
will  be  required  to  protect  them  from  bright  sun- 
light, for  while  they  need  all  the  light  possible, 
they  resent  scorchinor  sunlight,  which  soon  has  an 
injurious  effect  on  the  .  ^liage.     All  the  tubers  in  a 


out  in  the  open  air  careful  hardening  off  is  essential. 
Give  them  increasing  quantities  of  air  as  the  time  for 
planting  out  approaches,  and  during  their  final  week 
transfer  to  a  cold  frame.  Less  shading,  too,  should 
be  given  to  plants  that  are  to  be  planted  out  or 
the  foliage  will  suffer  severely  and  the  appearance 
of  the  bed  be  spoiled  for  some  weeks.  Autumn 
should  see  a  considerable  reduction  in  the  amount 
of  water  applied  to  the  roots  of  plants  under  glass 
so  as  to  induce  them  to  go  to  rest,  but  this  must 
on  no  account  bo  hurried.  Wait  until  the  stems 
part  readily  from  the  tubers  before  attempting  to 
store  them,  which  should  be  done  in  dry  soil. 
Plants  in  the  open  ground  should  remain  until  cut 
down  by  the  first  severe  frost  and  must  then  at 
once  be  lifted  and  spread  out  in  a  dry,  cool,  frost- 
proof place  until  the  stems  fall  away  from  the 
tubers,  and  these  can  be  cleaned  and  packed 
away.  H.  W.  Canning  Wright. 


THE   BEGONIA   MITE 

This  minute  creature  is  one  of  the  worst  pests 
the  gardener  has  to  fight  against  and  one  that 
is  apt  to  get  well  entrenched  before  its  presence 


A     PLEASING     COMPANIONSHIP,     TUBEROUS     BEGONIAS     AND     FUCHSIAS. 


box  do  not  start  away  evenly,  and  it  is  better  to  go 
over  them  once  or  twice  and  remove  and  pot  the 
more  forward  examples,  allowing  the  others  to 
remain  until  ready.  After  potting,  arrange  the  pots 
close  together  on  the  staging — preferably  an  ash 
or  shingle  covered  one — and  grow  on  steadily, 
spacing  out  more  as  growth  progresses.  When  the 
colour  of  the  buds  can  be  seen,  feeding  with  weak 
liquid  manure  once  a  week  should  be  commenced. 
As  the  buds  develop,  a  more  airy  and  a  drier 
atmosphere  must  be  given  or  they  will  drop 
badly.  Begonias  demand  very  careful  and  regular 
watering  to  do  them  justice.  If  a  flower-stem  is 
examined  it  will  be  noticed  that  there  is  a  joint 
about  i\  inches  or  2  inches  below  the  neck,  and  it  is 
at  -this  point  that  the  trouble  with  bud-dropping 
lies.  When  the  soil  has  become  too  dry  and 
is  watered  this  is  at  once  absorbed  by  the 
roots  and  causes  a  corresponding  rush  of  sap 
through  the  stems  with  the  result  that  the 
buds  are  literally  forced  off  by  the  pressure. 
Never  overwater,  therefore,  and  never  let  them 
become  dust  dry.  Sufl[icient  to  completely  soak 
the  ball  right  through  when  required,  then  no  more 
until  the  surface  commences  to  dry.     For  bedding 


is  detected.  While  named  the  Begonia  mite, 
it,  unfortunately,  does  not  confine  its  attention 
to  that  plant,  but  is  very  destructive  to  the 
Cyclamen  and  Gloxinia.  While  its  ravages  among 
the  tuberous  Begonias  are  always  annoying,  it  is 
considerably  worse  when  the  fibrous-rooted  section 
of  these  fine  plants  is  attacked. 

The  main  reasons  for  an  attack  are  dryness 
of  soil  and  atmosphere  and  a  want  of  care  in 
shading  the  plants.  A  too  generous  supply  of 
sand  in  the  potting  soil  is  also  a  contributory 
cause,  but  in  some  seasons  no  amount  of  care  is 
sufficient  to  ward  off  this  pest  It  is  always  well 
to  keep  an  observant  eye  on  all  classes  of  Begonias, 
as  well  as  Cyclamens  and  Gloxinias,  and  imme- 
diately the  first  sign  of  attack  is  observed  apply 
a  remedy.  Vaporising  on  three  alternate  nights, 
as  a  rule,  will  clear  the  plants  if  taken  in  time, 
and  an  occasional  further  dose  of  the  same  will 
keep  all  safe.  In  bad  cases  it  is  well  to  nip  off 
and  burn  the  worst  of  the  affected  leaves,  and  then 
to  dip  the  plants  in  some  approved  insecticide. 
The  providing  of  suitable  shade,  a  nice,  genial  and 
rather  moist  atmosphere,  with  care  in  watering, 
are  the  best  safeguards  against  an  attack.      C.  B. 


78 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  12,  1921. 


GAY    GREENHOUSES    AND    BRIGHTER    HOMES 

IN    WINTER 

Everyone  should]  Study  this  Article  and  all  who  can  should  see  the  Primulas  and  Cyclamen  now  Flowering  at  Reading. 


THE     CYCLAMEN     AT     THEIR     BEST.        MANY     VARIETIES     ARE     REMARKABLE     FOR    THEIR     FRAGRANCE. 


A  MID     the      gardening     pleasures     of     the 
/%       year    none,    perhaps,    is     greater     than 
/   \      that      afforded     by     a     pilgrimage     to 
/       %    Reading     to     see     the     Primulas     and 
'  *   Cyclamen     so     extensively     grown     by 

Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons  ;  and  it  is  not  a  pleasure 
alone,  it  is  a  feast  for  the  eye  and  a  refresh- 
ment for  the  mind.  To  those  who  have  grown 
grey  in  horticulture,  who  can  bring  into  the  mental 
vision  the  representatives  of  the  races  named  of 
forty  or  more  years  ago,  comparing  them,  as  it 
were,  with  those  performing  that  duty  to-day, 
there  is  something  more  than  this  ;  an  interest 
as  profound  as  the  progress  is  remarkable.  Judged 
by  the  latter,  who  shall  prophesy  the  develop- 
ments of  these  flowers  a  like  number  of  decades 
hence  ?  Who,  for  example,  forty 
years  ago  had  dreamed  of  stellata 
Primulas,  their  wondrous  flower 
pyramids,  colour  range,  elegant  habit 
or  high  decorative  ornament  as  we 
know  these  to-day  ?  Or  who  in  the 
days  when  Chiswick  Red  played  a 
prominent  part  among  the  reds  ever 
thought  of  an  Etna,  a  crimson  of  an 
intensity  unknown  in  sinensis  Primulas 
before,  handsome  and  surpassingly 
rich,  and  for  size,  colour  and  high 
ornament  well  away  over  the  heads 
of  Brilliant  King  and  Crimson  King, 
the  reigning  monarchs  of  the  rich 
red  throne  hitherto  ?  Etna,  because 
more  richly  endowed,  is  calculated  to 
play  a  better  part  than  they,  to 
shed  greater  lustre  and  to  illumine 
a  page  in  Primula  history  that  the 
older  sorts  in  their  day  never  reached. 
In  fine,  Etna  is  a  great  plant,  its 
velvety  crimson  colour  also  directly 
responsible,  apparently,  for  a  flower 
substance  that  is  unmistakable ; 
and  at  home  here  the  growing 
patch  of  it,  seen  at  its  best  on  a 
clear,  bright  January  day,  impelled 
admiration.  The  crimson  in  its  blood 
too,  has  invaded  every  part  of  the 
plant,,  the  darkened  stems  and  leaves 
but  a  fitting  accompaniment  to  such 
sumptuous  colouring.  And  Etna  is 
not  the  end ;  rather  is  it  but  a 
stage  in  a  great  advance.  Already, 
indeed,  others  are  appearing.  Etnas 
of  intenser  eye  colouring ;  others 
done,  as  it  were,  in  crimson  and 
gold — a  glorious  combine — anon,  those 
having    tawny      or     ferruginous     eyes 


rimmed  with  gold.  Who  shall  say  where 
these  may  lead  ?  None,  perhaps,  with  cer- 
tainty, though  the  intelligent  cross-breeder 
is  not  to-day  looking  through  a  glass  darkly. 
In  the  blue-flowered  set  Oxford  Blue  —  the 
nearest  approach  to  a  true  blue — is  a  marked 
advance,  displacing  The  Czar  and  Reading 
Blue,  which  hitherto  held  highest  rank.  Apart 
from  flower  excellence,  it  is  also  endowed  with 
greater  vigour  and,  admirably  well  consti- 
tuted, makes  a  finer  plant  than  either.  The 
rank  and  file  are  a  thing  apart  ;  the  measure  of 
their  cultivation  here  the  measure  obviously  of 
their  popularity.  A  set  of  stellata  forms  which 
all  should  grow  include  Coral  Pink  (Fern 
leaved,  blue).  Queen  Alexandra  (white)  and  Ruby 


PRIMULA     STELLATA     CORAL     PINK. 


(rich  in  colour  and  shapely  withal).  All  are  of 
elegant  bearing  and  free.  Giant  White,  which 
has  enormous  trusses  and  monster  flowers,  occurs 
with  both  dark  and  light  foliage  and,  like  Giant 
Pink  and  Giant  Crimson,  is  indispensable.  Of 
this  set,  that  with  pink  flowers  is  supremely 
beautiful.  In  all,  the  trusses  are  well  up.  Snow-- 
drift, Fern-leaved,  is  one  of  the  earliest  to  flower 
and  valuable  on  that  account.  And  there  are 
others. 

Turning  to  the  Cyclamen,  which,  like  the 
Primulas,  occupy  range  upon  range  of  the  glass- 
houses, the  marks  of  progress  are  as  numerous 
as  they  are  important  and  remarkable.  More 
exacting  in  their  cultural  requirements  and  needing 
a  longer  season  cf  growth  than  the  other  race 
under  review,  few  plants  demonstrate 
the  skill  of  the  cultivator  more 
than  these  Cyclamen  when  brought 
to  perfection ;  and  the  perfection 
attained  at  Reading  is  goodly  to 
see.  Admired  by  the  best  gardeners, 
it  is  at  once  an  object  lesson  for 
the  student  and  an  ideal  for  those 
who  would  excel  in  their  profession. 
Cyclamen  are  not  only  the  most 
ornamental  and  beautiful  of  flower- 
ing plants  ;  they  are  cool-loving  sub- 
jects, too,  a  fact  worth  remembering 
in  these  days  of  high-priced  fuel. 
Elbow  room :  steady,  continuous 
growth  ;  rational  conditions  and 
fineness  of  judgment  tliroughout 
count  high  among  cultural  details. 
Checks  must  be  checkmated  ;  coddling 
and  the  extremes  of  temperatures — 
hot  and  cold  —  avoided.  1 1  is  their 
cultivation  in  a  nutshell ;  the  model 
examples  in  their  thousands  each  a 
replica  of  its  neighbour.  yielding 
the  brig''test  and  purest  of  flowers 
from  corms  still  crowded  with  robust 
buds,  the  evidences  and  the  outcome 
of  it  all. 

.\s  to  progress,  this  is  most  marked, 
perhaps,  in  recent  years  in  such 
Varieties  as  Frilled  Pink  Pearl  and 
Silver-leaved  Salmon,  acquisitions  both 
and  worthy  of  universal  cultivation. 
That  last  named  is  of  the  highest 
possible  ornament  and  beauty, 
valuable  alike  for  its  foliage  and 
flower  eflects.  A  plant  so  doubly 
endowed  and  handsome  withal  is  surely 
worth  everybody's  while.  And  then  there 
are  the   great  ones   of  the  race — Giant 


February  12,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


79 


Good  Potting  Soil  Is  All-Important 


How  often  the  potting  soil  is  at  fault.  These 
notes  are  intended  as  a  guide  to  the  preparation 
of  inexpensive   composts    to   be   made   in  advance. 


H 


CYCLAMEN     SALMON     QUEEN     WITH     VARIEGATED     FOLIAGE 

White,  the  greatest  and  purest  of  them  all ;  Giant 
Salmon  Pink,  of  pale  salmon  tone  ;  Giant  Cherry 
Red,  wliose  lustrous  and  brilliant  flowers  have  no 
peer  among  coloured  varietii  s  ;  Salmon  Scarlet. 
a  most  gorgeously  apparelled  sort  of  exceptional 
freedom,  though  slightly  less  large  than  some ; 
Giant  Crimson,  lustrous  and  rich  ;  Salmon  Oueen, 
a  wondrous  piece  of  colouring  in  a  perfectly 
modelled  flower ;  and  not  least  the  intensely 
coloured  Vulcan,  which  from  the  colour  view- 
point is  unique  amid  them  all.  There  are  of 
necessity  many  more.  Those  named,  however, 
are  the  aristocrats,  the  picture  makers  of  the 
tribe,  each  impelling  admiration  in  turn,  the  great 
gatherings  of  them — many  thousands  of  plants 
are  grown — a  feast  as  rare  as  it  is  indescribably 
beautiful,  gorgeous  or  pure.  Since  the  whole  of 
the  plants — Primulas  and  Cyclamen — are  culti- 
vated solely  for  the  production  of  seeds,  the 
e.xtent  of  their  specialisation  is  not  merely  a 
key  to  popularity  or  a  guarantee  of  rational 
treatment;  the  high  excellence  of  all  furnishes  the 
proof  that  the  best  only  of  such  things  is  tolerated 
and,  as  such,  good  enough  for  all.       E.  H.  Jenkins. 


.WING  a  surplus  of 
Tomato       seedlings 
last      spring,      just 
ready   to   pot  up,  I 
made  a  present  of  a 
number   to   a  friend   who  pos- 
sessed a  cold  frame,  the  seed- 
lings   being    large   enough  for 
such  treatment.     At   the  same 
time    I    boxed   and  potted   up 
fifty    from    the    same    pan    of 
seedlings    in     some     beautiful 
potting    soil   which  I  make  up 
each  autumn  in  readiness  for  the 
hundred  and  one   things  which 
need  it  in  spring. 

When  my  plants  had 
become  some  6  inches  high 
and  sturdy  stuff  at  that,  I 
asked  my  friend  how  his  were 
faring  under  identical  condi- 
tions, and  was  informed  that 
most  of  them  had  damped  off, 
the  remainder  being  only 
2  inches  high  and  looking  very 
sickly. 

I  had  a  look  at  those  plants. 

and  found  that  his  potting  soil 

was   at  fa\ilt.     He  had  simply 

filled  his  pots  from  the  heavy  clay  soil  of  his  garden, 

and      this,    together     with    excessive     watering. 

naturally  caused  the  death  of  his  seedlings. 

Boxes,  pans  and  pots  which  have  to  be  filled 
require  a  specially  prepared  compost  if  the  little 
seedlings  are  to  do  well.  These  tiny  plants  com- 
mence life  with  a  very  small  number  of  roots, 
many  of  which  are  broken  in  course  of  lifting  when 
transplanting.  In  order  to  enable  the  plants 
to  produce  a  number  of  fresh  roots  as  quickly  as 
possible  a  compost  is  necessary  which  will  allow 
of  a  free  drainage  and  at  the  same  time  provide 
nutriment  for  the  new  roots  to  feed  upon. 


.\lthough  there  may  be  garden  soil  whirh  would 
serve  as  potting  compost  without  any  further 
treatment,  it  would  only  be  such  as  is  met  with  in 
very  old  gardens  where  years  of  manuring  have 
charged  the  earth  with  an  abtmdance  of  decayed 
matter.  The  average  garden  soil  w-ill  not  serve  the 
purpose,  for  it  is  not  rich  enough  in  humus  nor 
is  it  sufficiently  porous.  It  will  make  an  idea! 
compost  if  mixed  with  other  materials  which  will 
render  it  rich  and  porous,  such  as  old  hot-bed 
materia!,  leaf  mould  and  either  flint  road  scrapings 
or  silver  sand,  the  only  difference  being  that  the 
latter  is  costly  and  flint  scrapings  cheap  ;  both 
serve  the  same  purpose,  namely  producing  porosity 
of  the  soil. 

Having  only  a  cold  frame,  I  do  not  require  to 
prepare  a  large  quantity  of  compost,  so  that  a 
large  tea-chest  serves  for  the  purpose  of  storage. This 
is  covered  with  a  sheet  of  galvanised  iron  in  order 
to  prevent  the  rain  from  saturating  the  compost, 
thereby  washing  out  the  fertilising  properties,  as  well 
as  rendering  it  pasty  and  unworkable.  Provided 
the  potting  soil  is  suflSciently  moist  when  prepared, 
no  further  water  will  be  needed  from  that  time 
until  it  is  required  for  use  in  spring,  as  very  little 
evaporation  takes  place  in  the  winter  months 
when  covered.  When  required  for  use  it  should  be 
sufficiently  moist  to  retain  the  shape  of  a  ball  when 
squeezed  in  the  hand,  but  at  the  same  time  should 
easily  break  down  if  roughly  handled. 

I  am  aware  that  those  who  have  glasshouses  ami 
potting-sheds  do  not  need  this  advice  as  they  are 
sure  to  have  heaps  of  sand,  decayed  manure  and  leaf 
soil  in  readiness  to  draw  upon  and  mix  as  required, 
and  which,  being  placed  under  cover,  is^  always 
ready  for  use.  These  notes  are  intended  for  the 
small  gardener,  who,  I  am  afraid,  does  not  look 
forward  and  prepare  for  the  spring  as  every  good 
gardener  does  or  should.  The  result  being  that 
when  seed  sowing  or  pricking  off  time  arrives 
hasty  compost  is  prepared  from  unsuitable  materia 
and  damping  off  results. 


The  History  of 
Chrysanthemum   Niveus 

Mr  C.  Blair  (page  45),  in  his  list  of  Chrysan- 
themums takes  my  mind  back  many  years  by 
his  reference  to  this  old  American  seedling.  It 
is  interesting  in  these  days  of  rapid  change  to 
find  that  some  of  the  old  time  favourites  are  still 
in  cultivation,  even  so  far  as  Linlithgow.  Mr. 
Blair  is  well  within  the  mark  in  saying  it  must  be 
more  than  twenty  years  since  Niveus  was  first 
sent  out.  To  be  exact  it  is  exactly  twenty-eight 
years  this  spring  since  Nathan  Smith  and  Son 
sent  it  out,  together  with  others  long  since  for- 
gotten. It  won  several  important  prizes  in  the 
States  and  John  Thorpe  predicted  it  would  not  be 
deposed  for  eight  years,  as  it  possessed  every 
quality  that  approached  perfection.       C.  H.  P. 


THE     FERN-LEAVED     PRIMULA     SINENSIS. 


80 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  12,  1921. 


Where  possible,  potting  composts  should  be 
prepared  and  stacked  for  a  year  before  use  :  but 
in  small  gardens  this  is  not  always  possible.  How- 
ever, if  it  is  got  ready  in  the  autumn,  there  will 
not  be  much  wrong  with  it  in  spring. 

'As  I  prepare  only  a  small  quantity,  perhaps  my 
method  may  interest  other  small  users.  M>' 
Vegetable  Marrows  are  grown  on  mounds  of  turf 
edging  chopped  to  the  size  of  a  Walnut,  these 
being  covered  with  ordinary  garden  soil  to  a 
depth  of  some  6  inches — and  very  good  Marrows 
they  grow,  too  !  This  decayed  matter  is  all  care- 
fidly  collected  as  soon  as  the  Marrows  have  finished 
fruiting.  Leaves  being  plentiful,  my  cold  frame  is 
placed  on  a  heap  of  these  each  fall,  and  provides 
the  necessary  leaf  mould.  Those  who  can  obtain 
stable  manure  for  the  same  purpose  are  fortunate,  as 
this  material  is  invaluable  for  use  in  potting 
mixtures.  My  friend  the  roadman  deposits  sufficient 
flint  road  scrapings  outside  my  gate  for  a  very 
small  fee,  so  that  I  am  able  to  procure  practically 
all  that  is  required  for  next  to  nothing.  Road 
scrapings  are  very  valuable,  containing  as  they  do 
a   large   proportion   of   horse    droppings,    decayed 


leaf  soil,  in  which  I  have  often  found  beautiful  fat 
specimens.  One  tipula  grub  can  cause  no  end  of 
damage  in  a  seed-pan,  hence  the  necessity  for 
sterilisation.  Should  either  the  soil  or  leaf  mould 
be  infected  with  the  spores  of  anbury  fungus,  it  is 
absolutely  necessary  to  sterilise  the  compost  if  it 
is  intended  to  be  used  for  the  raising  of  seedling 
Brassicas. 

When  filling  boxes  or  seed  pans  with  such  a 
compost,  provide  ample  drainage  by  means  of 
holes  in  the  boxes  and  put  a  good  layer  of  crocks 
over  them.  Press  potting  soil  well  home  and 
finally  sift  a  little  fine  soil  over  the  seeds,  this  being 
obtained  by  use  of  a  small  meshed  sieve,  such  as  can 
be  obtained  at  any  seedsman's  or  can  be  easily 
constructed  at  home  by  knocking  out  the  bottom 
of  a  shallow  box  and  nailing  on  a  new  bottom  of 
perforated  zinc  such  as  is  used  for  the  window 
portion  of  larders  or  meat  safes.  Such  a  sieve 
answers  admirably  for  providing  the  nccessajry 
fine  soil  for  covering  seeds,  while  it  greatly  assists 
pricking  off  if  a  layer  is  placed  on  the  top  of  a  box 
of  compost  as  the  fine  soil  falls  into  the  holes  and 
assists    root    action    and    at    the   same   time,    the 


plant  growers  are  inclined  to  consider  it  a  hybrid 
between  C.  persicifolia  and  some  other  species, 
possibly  C.  latiloba  (syn.  grandis).  As  the  name 
suggests,  this  very  beautiful  hardy  peremiial 
originated  in  the  garden  of  Telham  Court,  Sussex. 
Growing  from  3  feet  to  4  feet  high,  the  stout  stems 
are  well  furnished  with  large  flowers  of  a  pleasing 
shade  of  lavender  blue.  In  addition  to  its  value 
as  a  hardy  border  iiower,  Telham  Beauty  is  a 
very  showy  and  useful  subject  for  pot  culture 
in  a  cool  or  unheated  greenhouse.  Treated  liber- 
ally with  rich  soil  and  liquid  manure,  the  plants 
produce  a  profusion  of  flowers  six  weeks  or  two 
months  in  advance  of  those  outside. 


THE     NEW     CAMPANULA     TELHAM     BEAUTY  :      FLOWERS     LAVENDER     BLUE. 


leaves  and  grass  edgings.  These  materials  being 
to  hand,  two  barrow  loads  of  the  Marrow  mounds 
are  taken  and  mixed  with  one  of  leaf  soil  from  the 
frame,  and  another  of  road  sand,  any  decayed 
manure  which  I  can  find  being  also  added.  These 
materials  are  then  taken  to  a  brick  floor  and  well 
mixed  by  constantly  turning  with  a  spade.  The 
mixture  is  then  sifted  through  a  :J-inch  sieve  to 
remove  all  stones  and  pieces  of  stick  which  may 
be  present.  Any  lumps  of  turf  which  are  found 
should  be  rubbed  through  the  mesh  with  a  piece 
of  wood,  the  tiny  rootlets  being  very  partial  to 
this  decayed  turf.  The  compost  is  again  thoroughly 
stirred  with  a  spade  or  fork,  and  then  placed  either 
under  cover,  or  as  in  my  case,  in  a  big  bo.x  fitted 
with  a  lid  of  some  description  to  prevent  the  ingress 
of  rain. 

In  gardens  where  leather  jackets  or  the  tipula 
grub  is  prevalent,  they  are  sure  to  be  found  in  the 
Marrow  bed  material ;  the  tipula  or  daddy-long- 
legs lays  its  eggs  in  the  grass  and  time  produces 
the  grubs.  Such  soil  should  be  sterilised  by  heating 
in  an  oven  before  use,  the  same  applying  to  the 


Bedding  with  Gladioli  and 
Antirrhinums 

Very  attractive  beds  lasting  over  a  long  period, 
and  equally  suitable  on  a  large  or  small  scale, 
can  be  made  by  the  use  of  medium  height  Antir- 
rhinums of  one  colour  and  Gladioli  of  a  harmonising 
shade,  planted  at  intervals  of  18  inches  throughout 
the  bed.  For  example  :  A  groundwork  of  Antir- 
rhinum Yellow  Queen,  with  a  rose-coloured 
Gladiolus,  such  as  Hallcy ;  a  deeper  yellow  Antir- 
rhinum, such  as  Orange  Queen  or  Golden  Gem, 
with  a  blue  Gladiolus,  Baron  Jos.  Hulot  or  Master 
Wietse  ;  Antirrhinum  Crimson  King,  deep  crimson, 
and  Gladiolus  Peace,  white  with  a  faint  mauve 
marking  ;  Antirrhinum  Mauve  Queen  and  a  yellow 
Gladiolus,  such  as  Yellow  Hammer   or   Goldfinch. 

Another  very  beautiful  effect  can  be  obtained 
in  a  narrow  border  by  making  a  groundwork  of 
Antirrhinums  and  planting  bold  clumps  of  Gladioli 
at  intervals,  the  corms  9  inches  apart.  In  each 
case  the  Gladioli  should  be  planted  before  the 
.Antirrhinums,  their  positions  being  marked  by 
Bamboo  canes.  Anyone  who  tries  this  form  of 
bedding  will  find  that  the  Gladioligive  an  additional 
effect  to  th;  Antirrhinums,  and  are  themselves 
wonderfully  improved,  as  the  Antirrhinums,  by 
hiding  a  great  part  of  their  stems,  take  away  that 
stiffness  which  to  my  mind  is  the  one  thing  which 
spoils  an  otherwise  perfect  flower. 

Some  people  are  under  the  impression  that 
Gadioli  will  only  grow  in  certain  soils.  This  is 
quite  incorrect ;  we  grow  them  here  in  every 
soil  and  aspect.  All  that  is  necessary,  we  find, 
in  heavy  ground  is  to  place  a  handful  of  coarse 
sand  or  old  mortar  rubbish  under  each  bulb  at 
the  time  of  planting. 

Aniimonnl.  J.   L.  Cotter. 


pulverised  material  can  be  pressed  against  the 
stems  with  the  fingers  much  more  easily  than  if  a 
rougher  compost  is  used.  A  syringing  overhead 
or  the  use  of  a  very  fine  rosed  watering  can  settles 
the  fine  soil  well  round  the  roots,  and  the  boxes 
or  pans  are  ready  to  go  into  the  frame  or  green- 
house, where  they  can  be  relied  upon  to  do  well  and 
produce  strong  healthy  plants. 

The  one  failing  of  amateurs  in  pricking  off  is  to 
be  too  generous  with  the  water.  Never  water  after 
pricking  off  unless  the  pans  give  a  ringing  sound 
when  tapped  with  a  stick,  or  the  soil  begins  to 
leave  the  sides  when  boxes  are  used. 

Gieit  Mtssenden.  Clarence  Ponting. 


Campanula  Telham  Beauty 

This  beautiful  Bellflower  was  first  exhibited  at  the 
Holland  House  Show  iniqi4.  The  plant  is  usually 
listed  as  a  variety  of  the  Peach-leaved  BeMower, 
Campanula  persicifolia.  It  is,  however,  such  a 
distinct  improvement  on  all  varieties  that  hardy- 


SILVER    LEAF    ORDER 

Notice   to    all   Growers    of    Plums. 

By  the  terms  of  the  Silver  Leaf  Order  of  191 9, 
growers  must  grub  up  and  burn  all  dead  Plum 
trees,  and  cut  away  and  bum  all  dead  wood  from 
Plum  trees,  before  April  i  of  each  year,  under 
penalty  for  neglect. 

When  affected  branches  die,  the  fimgus  spreads 
out  through  the  bark,  and  forms  flat  crusts  or 
bracket-shaped  bodies  on  which  are  produced 
innumerable  spores  which  spread  disease.  The 
annual  loss  to  growers  through  the  disease  is 
already  very  considerable. 

Silvery  leaves  on  a  Plum  tree  generally  indicate 
that  the  tree  is  suffering  from  Silver  Leaf  disease. 
1  f  one  or  two  branches  only  are  affected,  these  should 
be  removed  and  burnt.  The  branches  must  be 
cut  back  to  a  point  where  no  dark  stain  in  the 
wood  can  be  found,  and,  if  practicable,  close  to  the 
main  branch  or  stem. 


February  12,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


81 


WINTER     TREATMENT    OF 
TENNIS    LAWNS 

An     Opportune     Time    for     Refiovation 


cut  short,  and  roll  when  the  surface  is  dry  (not 
wet)  if  a  good,  clean  piece  of  turf  is  desired.  The 
foregoing  hints  are  what  I  practise  myself,  and 
which  I  find  the  most  suitable  for  what  is  aimed 
at — a  true,  firm  carpet  of  turf. 

Surrey.  P.  W.  L. 


NOW  that  the  tennis  courts  are  idle 
it  is  to  the  advantage  of  both  the 
players  and  the  lawns,  to  set  about 
renovating  the  worn-out  parts,  and 
where  the  turf  has  been  subjected  to 
so  much  wear  and  tear,  fresh  turf  must  of 
necessity  be  laid  down.  I  am  frequently  called 
in  to  advise  as  to  this  work,  and  I  must  say 
I  am  surprised  that  the  greenkeeper  in  charge 
should  sometimes  advise  the  importation  of  turf 
that  is  quite  unsuitable  for  the  purpose,  as,  when 
it  is  put  down,  its  texture,  compared  with  the 
other  turf  on  the  coiurts,  is  quite  different,  and 
during  the  whole  of  the  next  season,  until  it  gets 
worn  bare  again,  looks  out  of  place,  with  the 
result  that  the  court  h..s  a  very  bad  appearance 
indeed. 

To  remedy  this  I  would  advise  all  lawn-owners 
to,  if  possible,  patch  the  bare  and  worn  parts 
from  the  sides  and  ends  of  the  ground  outside 
the  playing  area,  and  returf  this  part  or  sow  down 
with  turf  as  near  as  possible  to  the  same  texture 
as  the  court  itself,  as  with  careful  attention  this 
can  be  easily  worked  up  during  the  season — since 
there  is  no  play  on  it — to  almost  the  same  con- 
dition as  the  turf  on  the  court.  Another  point  in 
regard  to  this  turfing  of  the  ends,  which  must  of 
necessity  be  done  year  after  year,  is  this :  the  soil 
below  must  be  removed  from  time  to  time  and 
fresh  soil  substituted,  otherwise,  no  matter  how 
good  the  turf,  the  results  will  be  found  to  be  very 
disappointing  indeed.  This  returfing  should  be 
carried  out  as  soon  as  possible  after  the  courts 
are  closed  for  the  season,  so  as  to  enable  the  fresh 


A  BEAUTIFUL  TRUNK  OF  ACER  CAPILLIPES. 


laid  turf  to  get  well  "  knit"   together  for  the  next 
season's  play. 

All  inequalities  or  hollows  should  be  raised,  and 
the  best  way  to  do  this  is  by  simply  folding  back 
the  turf,  not  cutting  it  clean  out,  filling  up  to  the 
desired  level  and  replacing  the  turf  again.  By 
folding  or  rolling  back  the  turf,  the  number  of 
joints  are  lessened  and  a  better  job  is  made. 

The  Best  Top-Dressing.— .After  this  work  has 
been  carried  out,  the  whole  green  or  court  should 
be  top-dressed  with  a  dressing  of  good  mould 
(not  sand)  and  well  rotted  manure,  mixed.  This 
dressing  should  be  well  rubbed  in,  and  on  no 
account  allowed  to  lie  on  the  surface. 

Worms  in  the  Soil. — Remove  all  worms  from 
the  soil,  as  a  true  playing  surface  is  absolutely 
impossible  when  they  are  allowed  to  burrow  and 
throw  up  their  casts  all  over  the  surface.  By 
their  removal  a  firm,  true,  clean  and  level  surface 
is  obtained,  which  could  never  have  been  got  if 
they  had  been  allowed  to  remain  in  the  soil.  It 
may,  to  some  people,  seem  like  heresy  when  I 
say  remove  the  worms,  as  it  has  always  been  held 
that  worms  are  the  natural  drainers  of  the  soil, 
and  that  if  they  are  removed  the  ground  will 
become  waterlogged  and  the  turf  die  out ;  but 
this  idea  is  all  wrong,  and  1  have  proved  it  so.  I 
strongly  advise  the  removal  of  every  worm 
if  possible.  The  most  effective,  simple,  safe 
and  non-poisonous  worm  eradicator  1  have 
found  is  that  supplied  by  Messrs.  James 
Carter  and  Co. 

Mowing. — I  now  come  to  a  very  important 
part  of  the  winter  treatment  of  the  grass  on  a 
tennis  court  or,  indeed,  of  any  lawn,  namely, 
mowing  and  rolling.  1  shall  take  tjie  case  of  the 
mowing  first,  as  1  consider  it  the  most  important. 
There  is  a  mistaken  idea  that  if  the  grass  is  kept 
cut  short  during  the  winter  months,  the  frost  and 
cold  will  surely  kill  it.  Now,  1  wish  to  point  out 
that  this  is  all  wrong,  and  I  strongly  advise  the 
mowing  of  the  grass.  When  1  say  this,  1  mean  that 
it  ought  not  to  be  allowed  to  grow  any  longer 
than  what  it  was  in  the  playing  season  ;  in  other 
words,  keep  it  close  as  possible  and  always  mow 
when  it  requires  it,  as  it  will  harden  the  grass, 
make  it  thicken  out,  and.  when  the  playing  season 
comes  round,  the  surface  will  be  a  great  deal 
truer  and  firmer  from  the  commencement.  If, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  grass  is  allowed  to  grow 
without  being  mown,  it  will  get  thin,  and  when 
the  spring  comes  the  greenkeeper  has  practically 
to  set  about  doing  his  best  to  manufacture  a  new 
playing  surface. 

Rolling  in  Winter. — The  other  point  is  rolling, 
and  this  is  hardly  less  important  than  the  mowing. 
How  often  does  one  see,  after  heavy  rain,  the 
iron  roller  at  work  for  all  it  is  worth  to,  if  you 
ask,  make  a  nice,  smooth  surface  '  A  good  piece 
of  turf  can  very  easily  be  ruined  by  the  injudicious 
use  of  the  roller,  especially  during  the  wet  winter 
months.  1  have  seen  lawns  and  tennis  courts — ■ 
which,  1  have  been  told,  a  few  years  before  were 
in  perfect  condition — that  had  got  into  a 
very  bad  state  indeed,  and  this  has  nearly  always 
been  caused  to  a  great  extent  through  using  too 
heavy  a  roller  and  also  using  it  at  the  wTong  time. 
Never,  especially  in  winter,  roll  the  grass  with  a 
heavy  iron  roller  when  the  surface  is  wet,  as  it  is 
simply   ruination    to   the   lawn.     Keep    the   grass 


A  Shrubby  Meadow  Sweet 

(SPIR^A    ASSIMILIS) 

This  shrubby  Meadow  Sweet  is  a  hybrid  between 
S.  betulifolia  and  S.  pumila.  It  grows  from  2\  feet 
tn  3  feet  high,  sometimes  more  in  strong  ground. 


SPIR.^A     ASSIMILIS. 

The  flowering  season  is  July  and  August  when  the 
white  blossoms  are  showy  and  very  useful  along 
the  front  of  a  shrubliery  border.  The  stools  increase 
in  size  and  provide  a  ready  means  of  propagation  by 
division. 


A    Snake-Bark    Maple 

(ACER    CAPILLIPES) 

Among  the  large  number  of  Maples  (.Aters)  culti- 
vated in  British  gardens  several  have  conspicuously 
beautiful  trunks  and  branches.  In  addition  to 
the  subject  of  this  note  A.  rufinerve,  A.  crataegi- 
folium,  A.  Davidii,  A.  pennsylvanicum  (syn. 
striatum)  and  the  variety  erythrocladum  belong 
to  a  group  which  have  been  aptly  named  the 
Snake-bark  Maples.  Fruits  of  A.  capillipes 
were  collected  in  Japan  by  Professor  Sargent, 
Director  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum  in  1892.  These 
were  raised  in  the  Arnold  .Arboretum  Nursery, 
the  subject  of  the  illustration,  at  Kew,  being 
one  of  a  number  of  young  trees  distributed  to 
European  gardens  two  or  three  years  later.  The 
average  height  of  the  tree  is  given  as  from  30  feet 
to  40  feet.  The  beautifully  striped  or  white 
jagged  lined  trunks  and  branches  develop  best 
when  growing  in  fairly  shaded  positions. 


82 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  12,  1921. 


ANTIRRHINUMS   OF   MODERN   TYPE 

It  is  no  longer  necessary  to  grow  Snapdragons  from  cuttings, 
the     choicest     varieties     come    true     and     even    from     seed 


WHOEVER  has  of  recent  years  seen 
the  fine  groups  of  large-flowered 
brilliant-hued  Antirrhinums  that 
have  been  notable  features  at 
many  of  oiu:  principal  summer 
shows  will  readily  admit  that,  compared  with  the 
old-fashioned  types  that  were  old-time  favourites 
in  country  cottage  gardens,  the  present-day 
strains  and  varieties  are  little  short  of  marvellous 
improvements,  and  to  a  few  ardent  enthusiasts 
among  the  plantsmen  and  seedsmen  of  our  own 
country  the  lion's  share  of  credit  belongs  for  this 
remarkable  advancement  and  improvement  of  a 
homely,  old-fashioned,  but  extremely  beautiful 
and  serviceable  flower.  In  many  modern  develop- 
ments   of    b^th    garden    and    greenhouse    flowers 


happily  crowned  with  remarkable  success,  of  those 
who,  perhaps  for  ten  or  a  dozen  years,  have  worked 
on  a  stock  to  get  it  fixed,  rogued  and  selected 
until  it  has  attained  a  standard  of  purity  that 
makes  it  possible  to  raise  from  a  shilling  or  a  six- 
penny packet  of  seed  hundreds  of  plants  which, 
ivith  maybe  r  per  cent,  or  2  per  cent,  of  renegades, 
will  be  practically  as  true  and  even  as  though 
propagated  from  cuttings.  It  is  this  possibility 
of  raising  true  and  pure  stocks  from  seed 
that  makes  the  Antirrhinum  so  extremely  useful 
and  so  essentially  a  plant  for  the  million,  and  we 
owe  appreciation  and  gratitude  to  the  workers 
who  have  given  us  such  flowers. 

Some  few  years  ago  Mr.  Frank  Simpson  of  the 
firm  of  W.   H.   Simpson   and  Sons,   Birmingham, 


INTERMEDIATE     ANTIRRHINUMS,     UNIFORM     IN     HEIGHT    AND     COLOUR. 


hybridists  and  plant  breeders  have  been  very 
materially  assisted  by  the  acquisition  of  new 
species  and  types  from  distant  lands,  providing 
new  material  with  which  to  hybridise  and  cross- 
fertilise  the  older  inhabitants  of  British  gardens, 
but  in  the  case  of  the  Antirrhinum  there  appears 
no  evidence  to  support  a  theory  that  the  evolution 
of  our  modern  race  owes  much,  if  indeed  anything 
at  all,  to  foreign  importations,  the  breeders'  work 
having  been  practically  confined  to  cross-fertilisa- 
tion of  the  existing  British  stocks  and  subsequent 
patient  and  painstaking  selection  and  reselection 
of  the  progeny  of  such  crosses  and  breaks  as  were 
secured. 

Less  than  twenty  years  ago  one  might  have 
hoped  in  vain  to  raise  from  a  packet  of  the  choicest 
Antirrhinum  seed  available  plants  of  uniform 
height  and  habit  suitable  to  fill  a  bed  where 
uniformity  is  desirable,  while  so  far  as  colour  was 
concerned  the  flowers  were  certainly  more  remark- 
able for  variety  than  purity  of  shade. 

The  average  garden  lover  can  have  but  a  very 
faint  idea  of  what  has  been  involved  in  the  efforts. 


turned  his  attention  to  .Antirrhinums,  and  with  a 
view  to  establishing  a  representative  collection 
he  procured  stock  of  all  varieties  he  could  lay 
hands  on,  and  while  their  beauty  and  service- 
ability was  readily  recognised,  this  keen  and 
exacting  judge  of  a  flower  promptly  arrived  at  the 
conclusion  that  even  the  best  stocks  of  the  day 
were  capable  of  considerable  improvement  by 
the  process  of  rigid  selection,  and  as  promptly 
the  task  was  taken  in  hand.  Cross-fertilisation 
also  occupied  Mr.  Simpson's  attention,  and  both 
in  the  refining  of  the  cream  of  existing  varieties 
and  in  the  production  of  novelties  his  efforts 
have  been  attended  with  gratifying  and  praise- 
worthy results.  Abundant  evidence  of  this  is 
forthcoming  in  the  fact  that  at  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Trial  of  Antirrhinums  at  Wisley 
in  1920  half  of  the  total  awards  of  merit  were 
voted  to  stocks  submitted  by  Messrs.  Simpson 
and  Sons.  To  be  exact,  the  awards  were  thirteen 
awards  of  merit  out  of  a  total  of  twenty-six 
granted,  and  ten  highly  commended  awards  out  of 
twenty-nine  granted. 


When  it  is  pointed  out  that  the  appearance 
of  more  than  one  rogue  in  a  trial  disqualified  any 
variety  from  any  recognition  at  all,  it  becomes 
apparent  that  Messrs.  Simpson's  collection  has 
been  brought  to  a  remarkable  standard  of  quality. 

To  name  and  describe  these  varieties  is  outside 
our  purpose,  nor  is  it  necessary,  since  the  firm's 
catalogue  furnishes  this  information,  but  passing 
reference  must  be  made  to  the  two  novelties  of 
last  season  which  Messrs.  Simpson  introduced. 
One  of  these  is  named  Lady  Roberts,  and  it  is  a 
pare  primrose  with  no  mixture  of  deeper  shades. 
It  is  within  ri  feet  in  1  eight,  and  makes  a' good 
symmetrical  bush  with  plenty  of  medium-sized 
spikes,  a  desirable  character  for  a  light-coloured 
variety.  The  other  novelty  is  named  Sybil 
Eckford,  partly  out  of  compliment  to  the  honoured 
name  of  Eckford  of  Wem  and  also  because  in 
colour  the  Antirrhinum  very  successfully  mimics 
the  charming  Sweet  Pea  that  bears  the  same  name. 
The  tube  of  the  flower  is  white,  and  the  standard, 
nose  and  frill  are  cream  merging  into  lemon, 
but  overlaying  this  ground  colour  is  a  beautiful 
wash  of  delicate  apricot  pink,  which  thickens 
toward  the  edges  almost  in  picotee  fashion. 

It  is  an  extremely  beautiful  and  captivating 
flower.  May  Mr.  Simpson  continue  his  efforts 
with  an  equal  measure  of  success  to  the  advantage 
of  a  rapidly  advancing  flower  that  is  so  eminently 
adapted  for  general  cultivation  in  town  and 
country  gardens.  Oi.n   Florist. 


Gardening   of  the    Week 


FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Sweet  Peas. — A  first  sowing  may  be  made  on 
light  soils  any  time  now  of  this  most  useful 
annual.  Sow  rather  more  thickly  than  is 
necessary  for  later  batches,  as  germination  may 
not  be  quite  so  satisfactory. 

Border  Chrysanthemums. — if  increase  of  stock 

is  necessary  this  may  be  achieved  either  by 
cuttings  or  by  division  of  the  old  stools,  small 
rooted  portions  of  which,  if  potted  up  for  a  while 
and  put  in  a  close  fr.ime,  will  soon  make  good 
plants  for  planting  out  later. 

Cannas. — These,  having  been  kept  at  rest, 
are  showing  signs  of  activity  and,  according  to 
requirements,  must  either  be  brought  briskly 
along  to  make  large  plants,  or  still  kept  in  a  cool 
house  until  a  later  date.  Cannas  should  be 
boldly  grouped  to  get  the  best  effect  outdoors. 

Perennial  Asters. — \\  hether  grown  in  a  border 
by  themselves  or  with  other  plants  the  ground 
for  them  should  be  well  cultivated,  and  the  lifting 
and  replanting  of  them  may  be  carried  out  at 
any  time  as  opportunity  offers  itself.  Always 
select  the  outside  portions  of  the  clumps  rather 
than  the  centre,  which  is  somewhat  exhausted. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Chives. — The  young  shoots  are  much  appre- 
ciated for  salads  and  soups  and  may  often  serve 
as  a  good  substitute  for  Onions.  Planting  may  be 
done  now  where  necessary,  and  increase  made 
by  division  of  the  old  roots  or  by  seeds. 

Spinach. — This  most  wholesome  vegetable  is 
in  very  great  demand  in  some  gardens,  and  to 
maintain  an  unbroken  supply  it  may  be  necessary 
to  sow  the  first  lot  of  seed  on  a  declining  hotbed 
in  a  frame.  Where  a  portion  of  a  warm  border 
can  be  spared  for  it  a  small  sowing  could  now  be 
made  outside  also.  Owing  to  the  mildness  of 
the  season  it  has  been  possible  to  obtain  good 
pickings  quite  frequently  from  the  autumn-sown 
seeds. 

Seeds. — Make  a  good  sowing  of  Broad  Beans 
and  round-seeded  Peas  if  not  already  done,  I'or 
the  latter  choose  the  most  favourable  spot  avail- 
able ,  I  find  Pilot  quite  one  of  the  best  for  this 
sowing. 

Cucumbers. — Get  these  placed  in  fruiting 
quarters  as  soon  as  plants  are  fit.  Cucumbers 
delight  in  a  hotbed  which  has  a  good  supply  of 
leaves  in  its  composition,  for  this  gives  them 
a  free  and  moist  root  run.      Only  sufficient  soil 


February  12,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


83 


should  be  allowed  at  first  to  give  them  a  start, 
and  thou  add  a  little  fresh  SOU  as  required. 
Cucumbers  must  never  be  dry  at  the  roots,  neither 
is  it  advisable  to  allow  a  dry  atmosphere.  Should 
it  be  impossible  to  allow  the  usual  bed  for  Cucumber 
growing,  quite  a  nice  supply  of  fruits  may  be  cut 
from  plants  grown  in  large  pots,  especially  if  the 
latter  be  plunged  in  a  warm  bed  of  leaves. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Chrysanthemums. — Avoid  giving  a  check,  if 
possible,  by  potting  on  as  required,  and  keep 
steadily  growing  under  cool  conditions.  If  growing 
in  cold  frames,  cover  the  lights  well  up  at  nighi. 
In  the  early  stages  of  growth  let  the  compost 
be  fairly  light. 

Hydrangeas.— These  are  very  useful  in  small 
pots  as  base  plants  for  decorative  work,  and 
some  cuttings  struck  last  summer  should  be 
encouraged  to  flower  in  4-inch  and  5-inch  pots 
as  single  stem  plants.  More  effective  results  are 
obtained  by  placing  three  plants  from  60s  into 
G-inch  pots,  and  allow  one  head  of  bloom  to  each 
plant. 

Begonia  Gloire  de  Lorraine. — Cuttings  of  this 
and  kmdred  varieties  should  be  procured  as  soon 
as  they  are  fit  and  dibbled  in  pans  of  silver  sand 
and  sifted  leaf-soil  or  peat,  and  placed  in  a 
propagating  pit.  Should  very  large  plants  be 
required,  some  of  the  healthiest  old  plants  should 
be  retained  for  growing  on  after  resting  them 
awhile  and  cutting  them  back.  The  same  results 
may  be  obtained  by  placing  three  rooted  cuttings 
together  when  potting  them  up  from  pans. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Vines. — Those  which  have  reached  the  flowering 
stage  should  be  given  a  drier  atmosphere,  and 
from  10  a.m.  to  12  noon  the  rods  should  be  gently 
tapped  to  liberate  the  caps  and  help  dispersal 
of  the  pollen.  Shy  setters  should  be  treated  with 
poUen  from  another  rod,  by  means  of  a  camel- 
hair  brush  or  rabbit's  taU  used  lightly.  Vines 
with  buds  now  swelling  up  may  be  warmer  and 
on  bright  days  receive  a  spraying  of  tepid  water, 
given  for  preference  during  the  early  part  of  the 
day. 

Strawberries. — These  should  be  pollinated 
during  morning  hours,  and  as  soon  as  the  fruits 
have  set  a  partial  thinning  should  be  given,  and 
the  final  reduction  to  the  desired  number  after 
a  few  days'  further  growth. 

H.    TURNFR. 

'Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland.! 
Albury  Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Brussels  Sprouts.— A  sowing  of  this  popular 
winter  vegetable  should  now  be  made,  requiring 
as  it  does  a  lengthy  season  of  growth.  Sow  the 
seed  thinly  in  boxes,  so  that  the  seedlings  may 
not  become  drawn  and  weakly  before  pricking 
out  on  a  mild  hotbed.  We  still  favour  the  variety 
Solidity,  which  is  of  excellent  quality  and  proves 
most  reliable  for  our  district.  Dreadnousht  is 
also  an  excellent  sort,  standing  well  and  producing 
an  abundance  of  firm  sprouts. 

ParslC. — -An  early  sowing  should  be  made 
of  a  special  variety  for  transplanting,  so  that 
early  growths  may  be  obtained.  The  fine  curled 
sorts  are  always  popular  and  well  repay  any 
extra  trouble  entailed  in  raising  them. 

Celery  for  Autumn.- Where  Celery  is  required 
early  in  the  autumn,  a  sowing  of  a  reliable  white 
variety  should  now  be  made.  Sow  the  seed 
thinly,  and,  after  germinating,  a  place  should  be 
given  them  on  a  shelf  near  the  glass,  so  that  the 
seedlings  will  remain  sturdy  until  pricked  out 
into  boxes  or  warm  frames. 

Shallots. — Where  the  soil  is  warm  and  light, 
these  may  now  be  planted.  Get  the  ground  into 
a  nice  free  condition,  scattering  some  wood-ash 
over  the  suifacc  before  raking  it,  as  this  has  a 
most  beneficial  influence.  The  bulbs  should  be 
planted  in  rows  about  12  inches  apart. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Amaryllis.  —  These  gay  -  flowering  subjects, 
having  had  a  season  of  rest,  should  now  be  taken 
in  hand.  Shake  out  the  exhausted  soil,  repotting 
with  a  fairly  heavy  mixture.  A  warm  pit  or 
Vinery  will  be  suitable  to  start  them  in. 

Fuohsias.-T-These  always  seem  to  retain  their 
popularity,  and,  indeed,  if  well  looked  after  there 
are  few  plants  which  are  more  attractive  during 
the  summer  months.  They  should  now  be  moved 
from  their  winter  quarters  and  pruned  into  shape, 
afterwards  placing  them  into  a  genial  temperatiure 


to  break.  Quantities  of  cuttings  may  then  be 
obtained,  either  for  bedding  purposes  or  for 
growing  on  for  conservatory  decoration.  Young 
plants  raised  last  year  may  be  potted  on  for 
larger  specimens.  A  splendid  sort  for  the  edging 
of  stages  is  Cloth  of  Gold  ■  it  is  a  hanging  variety 
and  is  also  most  attractive  when  grown  in  baskets, 
year  old  plants  being  best  for  this  purpose. 

Poinsettias. — -.As  these  useful  stove  shrubs  are 
now  past,  it  would  be  advisable  to  move  them 
to  a  house  where  the  temperature  will  be  about 
.50° ;  here  they  will  get  their  necessary  season 
of  rest. 

Roses  in  Pots. — Plants  which  are  advanced  to 
the  extent  of  showing  bud  should  be  given  some 
liquid  manure,  so  that  strong  flower  stems  may  be 
encouraged.  Keep  a  sharp  look-out  for  the 
maggot,  and  should  mildew  appear,  keep  it  in 
check  by  giving  the  foliage  a  dusting  of  sulphur. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Antirrhinums.— Very  little  need  be  said  here 
regarding  these  most  excellent  subjects  for  the 
embellishment  of  the  flower  garden,  other  than 
that  to  have  good  strong  plants  for  bedding  out 
in  May  no  further  time  should  be  lost  in  sowing 
seed.  Readers  will  have  noted  in  previous  issues 
of  The  Garden  the  varieties  recommended  and 
the  treatment  necessary. 

The  Heroa?eous  Border. — ^In  many  cases  it  is 

only  now  that  gardeners  have  an  opportunity  to 
replant  the  herbaceous  border  since  pre-war  days, 
so  where  replanting  is  intended  the  various  plants 
should  be  carefully  lifted  and  labelled,  afterwards 
heeling  them  into  temporary  quarters  until  the 
•"orders  are  trenched  and  ready  for  them.  Where 
the  soil  is  light,  replanting  in  autumn  is  advisable, 
but  where  it  is  of  a  clayey  nature  spring  planting 
is  preferable,  as  root  action  takes  place  more 
quicldy  and  the  crowns  of  the  plants  suffer  less 
from  the  ravages  of  slugs  or  excessive  damp. 
It  is  essential  that  the  ground  should  be  thoroughly 
trenched,  incorporating  plenty  of  well-decayed 
manure  and  leaf-mould,  while  old  vegetable  matter 
from  the  rotpit  should  be  worked  under  the  second 
spit.  See  that  all  surface  irregularities  are  put 
right,  allowing  the  border  to  slope  gently  towards 
the  front.  Plant  in  bold  clumps,  while  one's  own 
good  taste  and  judgment  must  be  exercised 
regarding  the  blending  of  the  colours  and  the 
flowering  period  of  the  various  plants. 
James  McGrav. 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.) 
Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— Tfte  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Garden  helpful  to  all  readers  w/io  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  xoith  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  conciseltf  ivritten  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  EDITOR  of  THE  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C'.H.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sen*,  each  should  he  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  mass,  not  cotton-wool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  arc  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  '0  'he  PUBLISHER. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

EVERLASTING  FLOWERS  FOR   MARKET  (A.  G.   C. 

Lincolnshire). — Wp  have  (;on.slderable  misgivings  in 
recommending  an.v  .amateur  to  embark  on  the  cultivation 
of  everlastmg  flowers  for  sale  in  the  markets.  Their 
cultivation  is  a  comparatively  easy  matter,  but  their 
after-preparation  requires  a  deal  of  k-nowledge  and 
experience.  The  most  profitable  of  all  the  everlastings 
would  be  the  old  favourite.  Honesty,  for  which  the  demand 
always  exceeds  the  supply  and  which  is  comparatively 
easy  to  prepare :  but  it  has  the  disadvantage  of  being  a 
biennial,  and  it  is  now  too  late  to  raise  plants  that  would 
flower  this  year.  If  our  correspondent  seriously  con- 
templates growing  everlastings  after  this  season  we  would 
strongly  recommend  him  to  devote  a  portion  of  the 
available  ground  to  Honesty,  sowing  the  seeds  outdoors 
during  the  latter  half  of  April  and  transplanting  to  the 
flowering  quarters  in  the  autumn.  Honesty  (Lunaria 
biennis)  will  thrive  in  quite  poor  sod,  so  manure  is  neither 
necessary  nor  advisable.  Of  the  everlastings  that  are 
grown  for  their  flowers  we  should  prefer  the  Helichrysum. 
These  would  do  best  if  the  seed  is  sown  in  moderate  heat 
this  month.  The  seedlings  should  be  pricked  off  in  boxes 
in  due  course  and  finally  planted  out  at  the  end  of  May. 
Seed  can  be  had  in  separate  colo  rs  or.  if  preferred,  "a 
sowing  of  a  mixture,  such  as  Sutton's  Large-flowered. 
If  propt^rly  marketed,  Xeranthemum  superbissumum  or 
Acioclinium.  as  named  by  our  coircsjiondent,  would  also 


be  suitable  and  .should  be  treated  similarly  to  the 
Helichrysum,  but  allowed  less  room  from  plant  to  plant. 
fi'or  the  roots  of  Gloriosa  superba  write  to  Messrs.  H. 
Hyder  and  Son,  St.  Albans. 

RAISING  ANTIRRHINUMS  (.4.  B.,  Chippenham).  — 
Whrre  th  se  are  grown  in  increasing  numbers  each  year  on 
the  annual  plan,  and  if  a  greenhouse  or  frame  with  slight 
warmth  is  available,  the  seeds  should  be  sown  at  once.  The 
seedlings,  correctly  treated,  would  be  ready  for  planting 
in  the  open  early  in  May,  and  would  begin  to  flower  in 
July  or  early  August.  An  essential  in  the  case  is  that 
the  seedlings  be  grown  on  quickly  without  a  check.  That 
is  to  say,  raised  in  a  temperature  of  45°  or  50°,  they  should 
be  pricked  off  as  soon  as  they  can  be  handled  and  grown 
on  steadily  in  the  flrst  named  temperature  for  a  few  weeks 
in  order  to  become  sturdy  and  strong.  For  three  weeks 
or  so  prior  to  planting  out  the  plants  should  receive  air 
more  freely,  thus  reducing  any  check  to  a  minimum 
when  planting-out  time  arrives.  If  it  is  not  convenient 
to  pot  the  plants  singly  in  small  pots,  which  is  much 
the  best  way,  they  may  be  grown  in  boxes,  transplanting 
them  2  inches  or  rat  her  more  apart  each  way.  From  either 
inei  hod  sturdy  plants  result.  By  sowing  in  August  in  open 
ground  in  a  sheltered  place  the  plants  may  be  put  out 
in    March,   an   earlier   flowering   resulting.    The   variety 


THE     PINK-FLOWERED     ANTIRRHINUM 
NELROSE. 

Nelrosc  would  enter  into  a  colour  scheme  for  p  nk  flowers, 
ff  our  corre.poi  dent  s  unable  to  rase  the  seedl  ngs  as 
stated,  the  best  modern  colours  found  in  these  plants 
are  to  be  obtained  from  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons,  Heading, 
or  other  specialists  advertising  in  our  columns. 


TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

EVERGREEN  SHRUBS  OF  LOW  STATURE  {Taxpayer, 
Notts). — The  old  tennis  ground  it  is  desin  d  to  plant  with 
evergreen  shrubs  of  low  stature,  not  to  incKloe  Hypericums, 
may  be  made  qu'te  effective  by  planting  variotis  kinds  of 
Kock  Roses  and  Sun  Roses,  Cist  us  and  Helianthemums. 
They  succeed  in  poor  soil  and  quickly  cover  a  considerable 
area  of  ground.  Any  of  the  Helianthemums  offered  by 
nurserymen  wdl  be  suitable,  but  only  the  hardiest  Cistuscs, 
such  as  C.  monspeliensis.  C.  recognit'us  and  C.  populifolius, 
should  be  planted.  C.  Loretii  and  C.  laurifolius  are  also 
hardy,  but  they  grow  trom  3  teet  to  6  feet  high.  Other 
evergreen  shrubs  that  could  be  planted  snccesslully  in 
the  jiosifion  are  Berboris  Aquifoliuni.  Juniperus  Sabina, 
J.  communis  and  any  other  dwarf  forms.  Berbcris 
Aquifohum  can  be  kept  to  a  height  of  1  foot  bv  pruning. 


84 


THE    GARDEN. 


[February  12,  1921. 


BLASTING  A  TREE  (/).  A'.).— Can  you  tell  me  how  to 
blow  up  an  isolated  tree  so  that  it  is  reduced  as  far  as 
possible,  to  facilitate  carting  away  ? 

[The  question  respecting  blowing  up  a  tree  is  very  vague 
for  our  correspondent  does  not  say  whether  the  tree  is 
standing  or  whether  it  has  been  felled.  If  it  is  still  standing, 
it  would  be  unwise  to  try  felling  it  by  bla  ting,  for  the 
results  would  probably  be  very  unsatisfactory.  If  the 
tree  has  been  felled  and  is  sound,  however,  it  is  quite 
possible  to  break  the  trunk  up  by  means  of  explosives. 
In  such  a  case  it  would  be  wise  to  remove  all  the  branches 
and  saw  the  trunk,  by  means  of  a  cross-cut  saw,  into 
lengths  of  6  feet  or  8  feet,  according  to  girth.  A  slanting 
hole  1  inch  to  lA  inches  in  diameter  should  then  be  bored 
into  each  section  midway  between  the  two  ends  to  a  distance 
a  little  beyond  the  centre.  Into  this  place  a  little  coarse 
blasting  powder,  then  a  section  of  time  fuse  extending 
well  beyond  the  mouth  of  the  hole.  Keeping  the  fuse 
in  the  centre  of  the  hole,  pour  in  2ozs.  or  3ozs.  of  powder, 
of  the  same  kind  as  before^  according  to  the  size  of  the 
trunk.  The  powder  must  be  kept  level,  and  above  it 
must  be  placed  wads  of  slightly  damp  paper  pressed  firm 
by  means  of  a  stick.  Above  this  ram  in  sufficient  stiff 
soil  or  clay  to  fill  the  hole.  Place  a  light  to  the  fuse  and 
retire  to  a  safe  distance.  The  heavier  the  powder  charge 
the  smaller  should  the  wood  be  broken  up.  Great  care 
must  be  taken  that  the  charge  is  not  exploded  prematurely, 
and  should  a  charge  fail  to  explode  in  the  appointed  time 
it  should  not  be  approached  for  at  least  an  hour.  If 
the  trunk  is  decayed  badly,  it  will  be  little  use  trying 
to  divide  it  by  explosives.  Should  there  be  anything 
in  the  vicinity  that  is  likely  to  be  damaged  by  an  explosion, 
it  would  be  better  to  saw  the  trunk  into  short  lengths 
and  split  it  up  by  means  of  wedges  and  a  heavy  mallet. 
Dynamite  cartridges  are  sometimes  used  to  break  up 
trunks  of  trees,  and  more  particularly  roots,  but  when 
such  are  employed  it  is  wise  to  secure  the  assistance  of 
an  experienced  person  for  the  work.  It  is  not  wise  to 
attempt  to  split  a  long  trunk  w.thout  dividing  it,  for  it 
may  be  badly  cracked  tlu-oughout  its  length  but  not 
sufficiently  so  to  enable  it  to  be  removed  easily,  whereas 
a  second  charge  of  powder  placed  in  the  badly  cracked 
wood  would  not  have  the  desired  effect. — Ed.]' 

HOW  TO  DESTROY  GORSE  (li.  R..  Surrev).~A  heav>- 
dressing  of  lime  would  possibly  destrov  the  Gorse,  but 
afterwards  it  would  need  grubbing  out.'  The  best  thing 
to  do  is  to  work  with  a  mattock  upon  it;  a  spade  is  our, 
ot  the  question.  If  the  clump  be  burnt  over  first  this 
will  simplify  the  work  to  a  considerable  extent. 


THE  GREENHOUSE. 

FIG    TREE    UNDER    GLASS    NOT    BEARING    FRUIT 

{N.  M.  L.,  Yorkshire). — Even  if  the  trees  liave  been 
neglected  theie  is  no  reason  why  the  outer  young  shoots 
of  the  previous  year's  growth  should  not  have  ripened 
a  crop,  so  long  as  the  trees  were  well  supplied  with  water. 
Possibly  the.  trees  are  considerably  overgrown  with 
branches,  causing  so  much  congestion  of  growth  that 
diffusion  of  light  and  air  among  its  branches  is  practically 
impossible.  The  thing  to  do  now  wdl  be  to  cut  out  all 
dead  and  sickly-looking  shoots.  Probably  this  Will  not 
be  enough  to  remove  the  congestion.  In  that  case  do 
not  hesitate  to  cut  more  branches  out,  cutting  them 
well  back  to  the  branch  Irom  which  they  sprung,  but 
bearing  in  mind  to  leave  a  goodly  number  of  the  young 
shoots  of  last  year's  growth  well  distributed  all  over  the 
tree.  It  is  these  which  will  produce  the  first  crop  in 
early  summer.  We  suspect  the  trees  have  been  suffering 
from  the  want  of  water.  The  first  thing  to  do  is  to  flood 
the  roots  of  the  tree  with  a  real  soaking  of  clear  water, 
and  immediately  afterwards  give  it  a  similar  irrigation 
of  strong   manure   water  from   the  stable   or   cowvard. 


Give  the  trees  a  good  watering  afterwards,  evtry  fortnight 
or  three  weeks  during  their  season  of  growth,  and  the 
result  should  be  satisfactory. 

PRUNING  A  BOUGAINVILLAEA  (.V.  L.,  Maidstone).— 
Our  correspondent  does  not  say  whether  the  Bougainvdltea 
is  growing  in  a  pot  or  planted  out  in  a  border.  In  any 
case  the  plant  should  be  kept  moderately  dry  at  the 
roots  and  in  a  comparatively  cool,  dry  temperature  in 
order  for  it  to  have  a  short  period  of  rest  after  blooming. 
About  the  end  of  February  it  should  be  pruned.  The 
way  to  do  this  is  to  cut  back  the  small  side  shoots  of  the 
branches  to  within  two  or  three  buds  of  their  base  (in 
the  same  way  as  a  Gooseberry  is  pruned).  At  the  s.ime 
time  the  plant  should  be  introduced  into  slight,  moist 
heat  in  order  to  induce  it  to  start  slowly  into  growth. 
Give  the  plant  a  good  watering,  and  continue  the 
supply  as  required.  Should  the  plant  require  repotting, 
this  would  be  the  time  to  attend  to  it.  As  the  season 
advances,  the  growth  of  shoots  (from  those  pruned  back) 
will  soon  be  abundant.  Let  such  grow  unchecked  ;  they 
will  flower  freely  in  due  time.  The  plant  loves  abundance 
of  sunshine  and  plenty  of  weak  liquid  manure  when  in 
full  growth. 


ROSE     GARDEN. 

ROSE  GRUSS  AN  TEPLITZ  UNSATISFACTORY, 
AND  OTHER  QUESTIONS  {L.  B.,  Bucks).~lioso  Gruss 
an  Teplitz  usually  flowers  well  on  its  own  roots.  Try 
bending  the  strongest  shoots  down,  cutting  off  only 
about  1  foot  of  the  thin  growth  at  the  end.  cutting  out 
also  the  thin  and  old  wood  as  usual.  Seeds  of  MJgnonette 
Parson's  Wliite  and  Schizopetalon  Walkeri  can  be 
obtained  from  Messrs.  Thompson  and  Morgan,  Ipswich. 


FRUIT     GARDEN. 

APPLE   COX'S   ORANGE   UNSATISFACTORY  ( /.    M'  . 

Market  Drayton). — The  drainage  is  probably  not  sutti- 
oiently  good  for  Cox's  Orange  Pippin.  That  Apple  is 
very  sensitive  to  its  surroundings  and  delicate,  and 
requires  a  very  well  drained  and  warm  soil  to  do  well  in. 
The  shoots  sent  by  our  correspondent  are  apparently  off 
cankered  branches,  and  they  are  not  likely  to  recover 
it  so, far  diseased  as  these  appear  to  be.  The  only  thing 
that  can  be  done  is  to  cut  out  all  the  cankered  growths 
as  completely  as  possible  {and  burn  them)  and  ])aint  the 
wounds  so  made  with  lead  paint.  It  our  correspondent 
wishes  to  plant  more  trees  of  this  variety  it  woiUd  be 
well  to  plant  them  on  the  surface  of  the  soil,  mounding 
the  earth  up  round  about  them  instead  of  digging  holes 
in  which  to  plant  them  in  the  usual  way. 

MULBERRY  TREE  UNSATISFACTORY  (.V.  L., 
JI/ai(/.s7o«*').— The  Mulberry  is  one  ot  those  fruit  trees 
which  does  not  require  any  pampered  treatment. 
Usually  it  is  left  severely  alone  as  regards  pruning.  It 
does  not  bear  freely  until  the  tree  becomes  old,  and  fifty 
years  is  not  a  great  age  for  a  Mulberry  tree.  We  think 
that  the  part  of  the  tree  which  is  fruitful  has  a  better 
exposure  to  sunshine  than  the  other  parts,  and  that  this 
may  be  the  reason.  If  this  is  so,  the  remedy  would  be 
to  give  the  tree  generally  a  greater  exposure  to  sunshine 
by  removing  the  cause  of  its  obstruction,  should  this 
be  possible.  The  weakening  of  the  branches,  in  conse- 
quence of  injury  at  some  time,  will  occasionally  cause 
early  fcrtihty. 


while  the  ground  was  cropped  with  vegetables.  Some 
of  them  were  probably  brought  in  with  manure,  while 
others  have  been  carried  to  the  ground  by  wind  or  by 
birds.  It  is  also  likely  that  some  weeds  were  allowed 
to  seed  on  the  ground  during  the  war  when  labour  was 
scarce.  It  is  not  unusual  for  a  considerable  number  of 
weeds  to  appear  among  grass  sown  on  ground  that  has 
been  used  for  general  garden  purposes,  but  if  they  are 
pulled  up  the  grass  will  in  time  get  the  upper  hand.  The 
only  other  thing  that  can  be  done  is  to  dig  the  ground 
over,  tread  it  well,  and  lay  turf  instead  of  sowing  seeds. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

WEEDS  ON  LAWNS  (E.  M.,  Malmesbury).— The  seeds 
of  the  weeds  that  have  grown  on  the  lawn  among  the 
newly-raised  grass  were  in  some  cases  probably  dormant 
in  the  soil,  but  in  most  instances  they  were  introduced 


Around    the     Markets 

SNOWDROPS  from  Ireland,  the  West  of  England 
and  elsewhere  in  gre^t  quantity  give  the  markets 
a  much  more  springlike  air  and  feeling  than  do 
all  the  more  showy  Dutch  bulbs,  wliich  are  even 
more  in  evidence.  I  suppose  the  reason  is  because 
the  Snowdrop  is  the  real  herald  of  spring  and  also 
that,  although  they  are  quite  hardy,  we  know 
instinctively  that  the  Hyacintlis,  Tulips  and  Daffodils  are 
forced  flowers  and  no  true  index  to  season  or  climatic  con- 
ditions. Crocuses,  unfortunately,  do  not  lend  themselves 
to  bunching,  so  are  not  seen  so  much  in  the  markets  as  other- 
wise would  be  the  case,  though  there  are  plenty  of  growing 
plants  in  shallow  boxes  and  in  small  pots.  I  often  wonder 
that  someone  with  a  countr>'  garden  does  not  '*  go  in  "  for 
the  pretly  little  Winter  Aconite  with  a  view  to  sending 
bunches  to  the  markets.  I  am  sure  they  would  at  once 
become  popular  and  sell  well.  It  is  any  such  floral  novelty 
that  becomes  profitable.  A  good  stock  could  easily  be 
raised  in  a  couple  of  years  or  so,  and  there  must  be  plenty 
of  shrubbery  borders  where  they  could  be  grown,  to  say 
nothing  of  in  the  old  orchards,  without  occupying  valuable 
ground  or  entailing  labour. 

Nearly  all  the  Tulips  at  present  on  sale  are  of  the  Dutch : 
varieties,  but  already  a  few  lots  of  Darwins  are  to  be  had. 
This  is  very  early  for  this  type,  and  the  growers  did  not 
receive  their  anticipated  reward  of  greatly  enJianced  prices 
for  their  enterprise,  but  it  must  be  confessed  t  he  blooms  were 
not  flrst  class.  The  Darwins  are  not  so  amenable  to  hard 
forcing  as  are  the  Dutch  sorts,  so  it  was  only  to  be  expected 
that  they  wou'.d  be  somewhat  pallid,  but  a  few  weeks'  time 
will  soon  remedy  this  defect. 

Lilac,  both  white  and  coloured,  chiefly  from  across  the 
North  Sea,  and  Frecsias,  clean  and  deliciously  fragrant 
are  of  extra  quality.  Among  the  many  i>ads  of  excellent 
Mimosa  lately  arrived,  one  notes  the  smaller-leaved  and 
richly  coloured  Acacia  Baileyana,  which  does  not  flag  and 
consequently  is  more  decorative  than  the  true  Mimosa, 
Acacia  d<albata. 

Camellias,  which  were  indispensable  to  the  fashionable 
lady's  luiht  fifty  years  and  more  ago,  are  again  enjoying 
a  popuhuity,  even  though  more  limited,  but  prices  are  much 
lower  than  th<'n. 

Among  flowering  plants  are  some  particularly  good 
Primula  sinensis,  nearly  as  good  as  those  shown  by  Suttons" 
of  Reading  at  Vincent  Square  recently,  but  not  quite  so  ricii 
in  colour.  Cyclamen,  Cinerarias,  Ericas  in  variety,  golden 
Genistas  and  white  Marguerites  are  also  present  in  quantity 
and  of  quality.  Well-berried  Solanums  are  quite  brilliant 
but  they  do  not  clear  so  quickly  as  at  Christmas. 

Most  noticeable  in  the  vegetable  markets  is  the  great 
increase  in  salads,  and  no  longer  is  Li'ttuce  represented  by 
small  leafy  plants  just  out  of  the  seedling  stage.  Now,  the 
golden  Cabbage  Lettuces  are  nicely  hearted,  and  seem  very 
crisp  and  good.  Radishes  are  also  of  fir^t-rate  appearance. 
Chicory  has  become  rather  more  popular,  but  I  doubt  if 
ever  it  will  again  sell  so  well  as  during  the  war,  when  so  many 
of  our  Cross-Channel  friends  were  here.  A.  Coeter. 

February  4. 


SEEN     IN     THE     MARKETS.  CAMELLIAS     AND     DOUBLE     WHUE     LILAC. 

Camellias,   wkjch  were  indispensable  to  ike  fashionable  lady's  toilet  fifty  years  ago,   are  again  coming  into  favour 


February  12,   1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


PENTSTEMONS 

GUTBUSH'S  GIANT  FLOWERED. 

No  flowering  plant  has  come  into  greatfr 
prominence  during  the  last  few  years  than 
Penis'tmons.  They  are  invaluable  for  Bedding 
or  for  mixing  in  the  Herbaceous  Borders.  The 
great  range  of  colour,  freeness  of  flowering,  and 
lasting  q  lalities  make  them  a  necessity  in 
every  garden. 

We  have  given  great  attention  to  improving 
this  usef  1  flower,  and  at  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society's  trials  our  varieties  were  given  g 
Awards  of  Merit  and  3  Highly  Commended. 

We  have  a  very  large  stock  of  the  finest 
sorts. 

No  plant  is  mord  easily  grown,  they  flourish 
in  any  well  cultivated  soil 

Plants  ready  in  April  from  small 
Pots.     Please  ask  for  Special  List. 


WM.    CUTBUSH    &    SON, 

Florist    Flower    Department, 

BARNET  NURSERIES,  BARNET,  Herts. 

And  at  HIGHGATE   NURSER  ES,  N.6. 


Phone  182. 


Tele  :  FRANK  CANT,  Colchester. 


CANT'S 

CHAMPION 

ROSES 

for  all  Soils  and  Situations. 
Known  and  grown  throughout  the  world. 

FRANK    CANT    &   CO., 

Braiswick   Rose   Gardens, 

(Dcpt.  A),         Colchester. 
Catalogue  post  free  on  application. 


A    Record    Award 


SIMPSONS' 

SUPER-SEED 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

gained 

13  Awards  of 

Merit  and 

10  Highly 

Commended 


at 


R.H.S.    1920    Wisley 
Trials. 


Order  now  from  these  unique  strairr- 
limited  quantities  available.      Orders 

executed  in  strict  rotation. 

Our  Seeds  are  of  Tes^fd  Groivths  of 

Pedigree    S fnc ks    and    are    Hotd    at 

Prtces   that    defy    cnnit>efifion,    con . 

s-st.nt  with  quality. 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

Seeds  and  Plants  of  most  exquisite  tints,  (lower- 
ing profusely  all  Summer  in  masses  of  colour. 

SWEET  PEAS 

Seeds  and  Plants  of  English-grown  strains. 
List  gives  wonderful  Colour  Schemes  by 
R.  F.  Felton.  P.R.H.S. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDS 

Growing  large,  strong,  healthy  plants. 

As^.  fur  Catah  f^Hc  No.  2.  freefroiu 

W.  H.  SIMPSON  &  SONS 

Saper-Seed    Specialists.    BIRMINGHAM. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 


ROBERT  VEITCH  &  SON, 

Royal  Nurseries  &  High  Street, 
EXETER. 


VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER  SEEDS 

Veitch's  Special  Introductions  of  their  own  raising 
and  many  Novelties  of  Exceptional  Merit. 

Hardy  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees,  Roses,  &c. 

Fruit    Trees,     Herbaceous    Plants. 
Landscape     Gardening. 

ALL  CATALOGUES   FREE  ON   APPLICATION 


JAPANESE,         I 

for  Exhibition    Blooms,    Incurved,    Singles, 
and  Decoratives  for  the  Greenhouse 

Should    be   obtained   during    February. 

Our    selection    of   best    varieties    Gj-    per    dozen. 

Early    flowering    varieties     for    the     garden     to 
be    planted    in    April    or    May.      Our    selections  ; 
5/-    per     dozen,    or    100    in    25    sorts     for    30  - 

I 
WELLS'      BOOK, 

THE  CULTURE  OF  THE  CHRYSANTHEMUM," 

in   art   paper    covers,    2/9    post   free,  i 

or   in   quarter  cloth,   3/10   post  free.  j 


Write  for  Catalogue  and  Novelty  List,  post  free. 


W.  WELLS  &  CO.,  MERSTHAM,  SURREY.; 


THE     SHELLEY 
SWEET     PEAS 

LILAC  BLUSH.— Elesancc  (18),  6d.;    Aijricola  (25),  6d. 
LAVENDER— GLiUys,  1/6  ;  LivrndiT  Bi:lli-,  1,6  ;  R.  F.  Fcltoa! 

(25),  6d. 
PICOTEE  (whitf).— Annip  Ireland  (12),  6d. 
(rrr.^m) — Jean  Ir<-land  (25),  6d. 
ORANQE  SCARLET.— Thi-  Prcsid.nt  (25),  6d. 
MAUVE.— Thf    Lady    Eveline   (25),  6d. ;    King   Mauve   (25)>,i 

6d.  I 

MAROON.— King  Manoel  (30),  6d. ;  Warrior  (25),  6d. 
BLUSH  PINK.— Valentino  (18),  6d.  ;    Mrs.  H.  Sykes  (30),  6«l,j 
CERISE.— Fiiry  Cross  (25),  6d.  ;  Hope  (18).  6d. 
PINK.— Hawlmurk    Pink     (6),     6d. ;     H.rtules    (25),    ed. ;' 

Omntess  Spenser  (30),  6d. 
PURPLE.— Royal  Purpl-  (25),  6d. 

Full  list  \vit!i  Collection..  (2  -,  3  -  and  5  -)  post  free. 

T.     H.     DIPNALL,     F.R.H.S., 

The  Shelley  Sweet  Pea  Farm,  nr.  HADLEIOH,  SUFFOLK. 


Send  a  Post  Card  for  a  copy 
of  our  beautifully  Illustrated 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 

Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 


and  other    Vegetable    and    Flower    Seeds.      No  keen 

gardener  should  be  wiihout  this  n-osi  i^tere^ti^g 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  crorrirft 
trial  of  about  30  of  the  most  popilar  varieties  cf 
Potatoes.    Write  to-day  mentioning  ihis  paper. 

Special  quotations  io  larfte  buyers,  also  to 
Allotment  Associations. 

THVNE  &  SON  ..r;:„  DUNDEE 


CHARLES  TURNER'S; 


CATALOGUE    OF 


GARDEN  SEEDS  FOR  1921 

IS     NOW    READY, 
and  can  be  had  on  application. 


THE    ROYAL  NURSERIES,! 


SLOUGH. 


Vlll 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  12,  1921. 


SOCIETIES 

TURIN  INTERNATIONAL  HORTICULTURAL 
SHOW,  1921. 
Under  the  auspices  of  the  Koyal  Horto-Aericultural 
Society  of  Piedmont  an  International  Exhibition  ot 
Horticulture,  Agriculture  and  Agricultural  Machinery 
will  be  held  in  Turin  in  the  month  ot  May  next.  The 
Schedule  of  Prizes  and  Regulations  is  just  to  hand,  and 
from  it  we  extract  a  few  details  that  may  be  ot  interest 
to  our  readers.  The  show  w.ll  be  open  tor  three  weeks, 
and  all  intending  exhibitors  must  send  in  their  entries 
on  forms,  especially  provided,  by  March  1.  Space  will 
be  charged  for  at  rates  fixed  by  the  committee.  The 
classes  are  grouped  under  four  main  divisions,  which 
are  subdivided  into  a  ntmiber  of  sections  in  which  a  co- 
ordination of  subjects  has  been  arranged.  There  are  in 
all  upwards  of  500  classes,  in  which  exhibitors  of  all 
nationalities,  amateurs  and  professionals,  are  invited 
to  compete.  The  jury  will  be  chosen  from  eminent 
Italian  and  foreign  horticulturists.  The  organisation 
of  this  exhibition  consists  of  a  committee  of  honour  in 
which  we  find  many  names  of  eminent  European  horti- 
culturists beside  Italians.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sir  David 
Prain  and  Mr.  C.  Harman  Payne  are  the  only  English 
members.  There  is  also  a  General  Committee,  composed 
of  local  celebrities,  and  an  Executive  Committee,  presided 
over  by  Mr.  Giuseppe  Roda,  whom  we  remember  for  his 
activity  in  organising  the  Jubilee  Show  of  the  Society 
in  1904.  Neither  the  exact  date  ot  the  opening  nor  the 
site  appear  to  be  given  as  yet. 


BOOKS 

Winter  Egg  Production.* — To  the  poultry- 
keeper  who  has  not  yet  succeeded  in  getting  the 
bulk  of  his  eggs  from  October  to  March,  when 
prices  are  at  their  highest,  this  little  book  will 
prove  to  be  the  finest  investment  possible  It 
gives  the  experience  of  the  finest  commercial 
egg  farmers  who  produce  eggs  in  abundance 
It  describes  the  sort  of  bird  to  breed,  how  to  feed 

•  "  Winter  Egg  Production."  by  Will  Hooley,  F.Z.S., 
F.B.S.A.  Published  by  Countrii  Li/e.  Limited,  20. 
Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C.2 : 
price  lid.,  post  free. 


WATERERS' 


- 


SEEDS 


for 


VEGETABLE 


AND 


FLOWER     GARDENS. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  and  Garden  Guide 

Free  on  application. 

SCOTCH    GROWN 
SEED   POTATOES 

are  quoted  at  extremely 
advantajieous  rates.  Our 
stock  is  of  the  finest  qual- 
ity we  have  ever  handled. 

PROMPT    DESPATCH. 

SATISFACTION     GUARANTEED. 


JOHN  WATERER.  SONS  &  CRISP,  LTD., 

SEED    MERCHANTS,   TWYFORO,   BERKS. 


for  egg  production,  how  to  pick  in  September 
the  pullets  which  will  be  the  best  layers.  The 
food  menus  as  used  in  the  various  laying  com- 
petitions are  alone  worth  the  price  of  this  handy 
guide  to  success. 


DOBBIE'S  CATALOGUE 


And  Guide  to  Gardening. 


Spring  1921 


Dahlia  Trial  at  Wisley,  1921.— .\  large  number 

of  new  Dahlias  have  been  recommended  for 
growing  at  Wisley  in  1921  with  a  view  to  the 
best  obtaining  awards  from  the  joint  Floral 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
and  the  Xational  Dahlia  Society.  For  the  purposes 
of  comparison  and  establisliing  a  definite  standard 
for  each  section,  it  has  been  decided  to  invite 
raisers  of  Dahlias  to  send  to  Wisley  the  six 
varieties  (or  fewer  if  so  many  arc  not  available) 
which  they  consider  the  best  in  the  respective 
classes  in  which  they  are  interested.  Three 
plants  of  each  variety  are  invited  to  be  sent  to 
reach  the  Director,  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
fiardens,  Wisley.  Ripley,  Surrey  (Horsley  Station, 
London  and  South-Westem  Railway),  by  April  30. 
The  necessary  entry  forms  will  be  sent  on  appli- 
cation to  him.  This  appeal  is  made  to  raisers 
only  to  prevent  duplication  of  varieties,  as  the 
space  available  for  Dahlias  is  limited.  The 
following  list  of  classes  has  been  agreed  upon  by 
the  Secretary  of  Xbe  National  Dahlia  Society  and 
the  Director  of  Wisley.  It  is  to  be  kept  in  view 
that  the  trial  is  primarily  to  bring  out  the  best 
for  garden  decoration  i.  Cactus  varieties; 
2,  dwarf  bedding  Cactus  varieties ;  3,  decorative 
varieties  ;  4.  small  decorative  varieties  ;  5,  Paeony- 
flowered  varieties  (large)  ;  6,  Paeony-fiowered 
varieties  (small)  ;  7,  single  varieties  ;  ■"',  collarette 
varieties ;  Q,  star  varieties ;  10,  pompon 
varieties;  n,  show  and  fancy  varieties  for 
garden  decoration. 


A    FREE    COPY 

^\  ill  be  'ent  to  anyone  interested 
in  G  trdenin  wh-t  makes  appli- 
cation and  .:  entions  The  Garden 


Our  House  i'   noted  for    HIGH- 
GRADE  VEGtTtBLE  and  FLOWER 
SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 
POTATOES   and  PLAHTS. 

IN     SWEET     PEAS    WE     ARE     PRE-EMINENT. 


Seedsmen  and  Florists  to 
H.M.  ihi   King 


DOBBIE  &  Co.  ltd. 

EDINBURGH. 

■ ^i 

PATTISSON'S 
HORSE  (LAWN)   BOOTS! 

You  will  need  boots  for  next  season. 

Why  not  have  your  old  ones  repaired  or  new  ones  made  i 
NOW,   AND    BE    READY  tor  the  Mowing   Season  >  l 

Orders  now  despatched  by  rttum. 

Price  Lists  from  the  Manufacturers  : 

H.  PATTISSON  &  CO.,  Streatham  Common,  S.W.I61 
PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED., 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  wpll-illustrated  book  on  these i 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook,  i 
ia  now  ready.  Price  23.  6d.  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  ia  i 
published  at  the  oflSces  ot  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  \V.C.2. 


This  is  liow  we  offer 
Certified   Class  I 
Perthshire    Grown 

RE-SELECTED 

SEED  POTATOES 

drown  for  SEED  ONLY,  on  our  own  land 
near  Blairgowrie,  railed  to  LIVERPOOL 
and  re-selected,  ready  for  PROMPT 
DISPATCH —Carriage  Paid,  Bags  Free, 
on  orders  of  £1   and  upwards. 


Why  Risk 
Carriage 
Forward 
Offers  ? 


SAFE   DELIVERY  &  SATI-^PACTIOV 
GUARANTEED  or  CASH  REFUM  DED 


r/?e  following  potatoes  are  selected  for  good  TABLE  ana 
CROPPIHG  Qualities,  but  we  can  offer  other  varieties  where 
required,  also  quote  for  QUANTITIES 

1st.    EARLY.      PRICES       14 
SUTTON'S  HARBINGER  5  9 


SHARPE'S   EXPRESS  6  3 

DARQILL    EARLY  6  9 

WITCH    HILL  7|- 

2nd    EARLY 
ARRAN  COMRADE  6  3 

<  MAJESTIC  5  6 

•EDZELL  BLUE  4  6 

•GREAT    SCOT  4  6 

KINQ    EDWARD  4  9 

LATE  or   MAINCROP. 

BISHOP  B'^t  in  every  way   6  6 

■KERR'S    PINK  4  9 

■TINWALD  PERFECTION    5  3 

•  QOLDEN    WONDER  4  6 

ARRAN    CHIEF  4  3 

FACTOR  4  3 

Varieties  marked  '  are  immune. 

THE     HOUSE    FOR      QUAIITV. 

Seeds,  Plants,  Manures,  and 
PEST  KILLERS, 
Sprays  and  Sprayers 
or  all  good  things  for 
your  Garden,  Allot- 
ment and  Sporte. 


28 
lo- 
ll - 
12- 
129 


56    112  lb. 
186     35- 


10  9 
96 
76 
76 
83 

11  6 
86 
9- 
76 
73 
73 


20  8 
22  6 
24- 

20  - 
17  6 
13  6 
136 
15  - 

21  6 

15  6 

16  6 
13  6 
13- 
13  - 


39- 
43- 
46- 

38- 
33- 
25- 
25- 
28- 

41  - 

29- 

31  - 

25 

24- 

24 


/ 


GARDEN 

SUPPLIES 

LIMITED 

CRANMER  ST. 

LIVERPOOL. 


From  :  — 

SEEDSIVIEN  and 
NURSERYMEN 

or  direct. 
TINS   9i   EACH    '13   post   free). 

71b  .IJ  b..28lh.,561b  .1   wt.  bugs 
3  -,  5  9,  9,6,  17,'6,  30/-  each. 

BakS  '  ree.  Carriage  Paid. 
HUNTER  &  GOW  LTD..  28.  THOMAS  ST.  LIVERPOOL 


THE  F I  NEST 
&  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
FERTILIZER 
FOR   ALL    CROPS. 


ALPINE    AND    HERBACEOUS   PLANTS.' 


Des  liptive  Catal  gje-Guide   tor   1921.  ' 

.\ll    plants   carefully  described,  uith   heights,   times! 
of  flowering,  and  some  Cuhural  Notes.      Write: — ' 

MAXWELL     &     BEALE, 

BROADSTONE,     DORSET. 


Wolverhampton  Floral  Fete. 

JULY    13tli    &    14th,     1921. 

OVER   £1,000   IN  PRIZES. 


New    Classes    f  :p    Carnat  ons,    Sweetj 
Peas,  Fruit    and   Vegetables.  i 

Schedules  on  application  to  tlie  Secretary  (post  free),: 

G.  W.  A.   MARTIN, 

46,  Queen  St.,  Wolverhampton.' 


February  12,   102 1. 


THE     GARDEN. 


"UIljQ 


PRICES. 


SEC770KAL 

GARDEN  FRAME 

THE  Slade  Frame  is  invaluable 
to  the  amateur  and  profes- 
sional gardener.  Inexpensive, 
simple  to  construct,  portable,  easily 
dismantled,  proof  against  damp, 
vermin,  draughts  and  all  injurious 
forces,  and  conserving  maximum 
quantity  of  natural  heat,  it  increases 
both  production  and  profits.  Don't 
fail  to  write  for  Booklet  "  B  "  which 
gives  you  full  particulars. 

The  SLADE  SYNDICATE  Ltd. 

(Dire:tors  ;   E.  J.  W.  Slade  and  M.  W.  Slade). 

35,  Surrey  St.,  Strand,  W.C.2 


TYPE  A. 

Single  Frame. 

Size:     4(l.  by  3ft.  by 
I5ins.  by  9ins. 

£2    9     6 


TYPE   A 

Double    Frame. 
Size:    8ft.   by   3ft.    by 
15ins.  by  9ins. 

£4    13   0 


All  frames  are  sent   carriage  forward  at 
consigre^'s   risk. 


GET    THIS    BOOK. 

'  Cultivation  by   Movable   Frames," 

by  Herbert  Cowley, 

Editor  of  "The  Garden." 

1|-  po?t  free. 


WESTERN    COUNTIES    SEED    WAREHOUSES, 
BARNSTAPLE,     DEVON. 

23/24,     ROOD     LANE,     LONDON.     E.C.3. 
6,      OXFORD      CHAMBERS.      BRISTOL. 


SPECIALITY : 

TESTED  SEEDS  OF  HIGHEST 
PURITY      &      GERMINATION. 

Catalogues  sent  free. 


You,    Your     Friend,    and     Your    Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss 
the    Important  and    Beautiful  Numbers  of 

THE  GARDEN 

that  are   to  appear  during   this  year. 


17 he  surest    and   simplest    Way  of  promptly  securing  a 
copy  of  eoery  issue  is    to  Jill  up  the  form  printed  below 


CUT   HERE. 


To  .Vlessrs. 


Newsagents, 

or  The   .Manager,   "THE    GARDEN',' 

20  Tavistock  Strret,   London,  W.C.2. 

Please    send    me,    by    Post,    "The    Garden,"    for    which    1    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.O. 
•for   being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 


Name . . 
Address 
.19 


Inland  SubBcription,  Foreign  and  Colonial  Subscriptions,    17,4  per  annum;   6  months,  S  8. 


BENTLEYS 
Concentrated  Alkali 

(WINTER    WASH) 

A  highly  effective  and  most  popular  Winter 
Wash  for  Fruit  and  Forest  Trees  of  every  kind. 

In  tilts  sufficient  to  make  22  galls,  of  Wash. 

1    t>  5  tins,  3 '7  each.  8  tins,  3  5  each. 

12  tins,  3  3  each.  20    tins  3  1    each. 

40  tins,  2  11   each. 

Carriage  paid  on  201-  orders  and  upwards. 


WEED   DESTROYERS 
DAISY  KILLER  (LAWN  SAND) 
INSECTICIDES        FUNGICIDES 
FUMIGANTS  FERTILIZERS 

Catalogue  on  Application. 


Sole   Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 

CHEMICAL    WORKS, 

BARROWON-HUMBER,  HULL. 


CHRYSANTHEMUIVIS, 

General    Catalogue    of    all    the    leading    varieties, 
also    Novelty    List,    now    ready,    post    free,    from 

KEITH     LUXFORD     &    CO., 
Sheering  Nurseries,  Harlow,  Essex. 


Seasonable  Wants 


WILLIS     BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer! 


NOT    A    SUBSTITUTE.    BUT    A 

REAL    MANURE 

for  diggini;   in   or  as  top  dressing. 

NO    STABLE    MANURE     REQUIRED. 

1   cwt.  17  6;    icwt.  lOi-:  2S  lb.  5  6    £16  10s.  ptrton 

Carriaee  Paid- 


i 


VINE    MANURE 

and  Vine  Border  Compound,  Coarse  or  Fine. 

30'- per  cwt. :    16-*  cwt. 

RUSSIAN    MATS 

New,  just  arrived.     Size  about  7  ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in.j 
Limited  supplv,  42'-  per  doz.,  carriage  paid,      'i 


WILLIS    BROS.* 
WINTER   WASH 

For  spraying   Fruit  Trees,  prepared  from  recipe  o^ 
celebrated   Canadian    Apple  Grower,  who  is  noledi 

for  his  clean  fruit  and  orchards.  , 

10  6pergal. :    50  -  .s  gals.  1 

Car  iase  Paid.       Tins  ittchided.  .' 


WILLIS  BROS. 


Horiicultural    Manur^. 

Manufacturer':,      -jj 

HARPENDEN,  HERTSJ 


X. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   iz,   1921. 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-moulj,  ready  for  use  at  -Tny  time,  in  the  same  way.  and  for  all  purposes  tha-  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equalling:  IScwts.l.  Kives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  f  -ee  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Boyttl  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley  and  I  am  pleased  tn  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  Blass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Sisned)  W.  WILKS.  Secretary. 

A   Beautiful  Ffce  Bonblct  giviug  full  fiai-ticutars  aud  testiinoniiilf;  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard 

BC^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  "WI 

Prices,   including  bags.  1  bushel  2/3,  4  bushels  6I-.  S-i  bushels  28/9.  10-4  bushels  6S;-.  20.4  bushels  100  - 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  IIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 
WAKELEY     BROS.     &     CO.,     LTD.,    7Ba,     BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      S.E.I. . 


PATENTED 
IN  THE  U.K 
&     ABROAD. 


THE   CLOCHE   CUP 

THE    CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 

FOR    making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  tor  the  protection  of  seeds,  olants, 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.    Glass'of  any  size  may  be  used,  alsl  old  photographic  plates.     The  Clip  will 
mike  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  handled  without  filling  apart. 
Price7'-doz.    Pos'age:9il  Idoz..  1'- 2  doz  ;  over  2  doz.  Carriage  Paid.    Cash  with  order 

Part'cutars  and  designs  of  Cloches  in  various  shapes  will  be  sent  on  application. 

•jMB    CLOCHE     CLIP    CO.,    94,    Woodbridge      Road,    Guildford,    Surrey 


To  keep  your  trees  clean  and 
healthy  during  the  winter  ;  to 
ensure  healthy,  vigorous  growth 
and    good    crops    next    season, 

SPRAY  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 
■with 

COOPER  S 

•WITSTTER   FLUID 

Kills  mo:s  and  lichen  ;  removes  loose 
rough  bark.  Non-poisonous.  Easy  to  use. 
Economical.      ::     Of  agents  everywhere. 

Sole  Miiiiti/ijciurer'i  : 
WM.  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS.  Ltd.,  Berkhamsted 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for   Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,      Orchids,      and 

Chrvsanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  eacli. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM 


rfMMMMMmMMIMMIWIMWIMIWWWMM 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROIVI  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL,  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


38.000   SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED     AND    SET 
WORKING     IN     A     FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H,S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  ol 
satisfied       Amateurs      everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  6Sa,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S  E.  1 


C529. 
Price  was  8/ 1  1 
"ZERO"  PKICK 


"ZERO"  BOOT  SALE 
BARGAINS 

During  our  "Zero  "  Sale,  now  running,  all 
prices  have  been  reduced  to  the  limit.  A 
reduction  of  15%  (3/-off  every  pound)  is  now 
offered  on  all  Catalogue  Prices.  Send  for 
special  list  of  Sale  Bargains,  and  also  a  copy 
of  our  112  page  Catalogue  of  BOOTS,  CLOGS 
and  OILSKINS. 


are  m.ideof  good  grain  leather,  lined  with  felt. 
Soles  are  of  Wood.    Well  finished  and  useful. 

No.  C529.     For  Men  and  Women. 
Former  priceS/l  l,"Zero"  Price  7/6  Post  Paid. 

No.  C524.     Same  Clog  but  in  Lacing  Style. 
Sizes  2  to 5,  7/11.  "Zero"  Price  5/11  Post  Pd. 
Sizes  6  to  11,  8'6."  Zero"  Price  6/11     „ 
Children'sSizes7to  10.  5/6, "Zero"  Price  3/11. 
.,    11.  12,  13  and  1.  6'6  now  4/11. 

Send  tor  our  free  Illustrated  Catalt  gue. 

WM.  PATTERSOM  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


HEAVY  WINTER  EGG  PRODUCTION 

cannot  be  avoided  so  long  as 

"GORDON     GRAY" 

LIGHT     SUSSEX 

are   r  sularly  kept   in  YOt'R  YARDS. 
EQQS     FOR     HATCH  INa     NOW     READY. 
Full    particulars    apply  -     Deansbrook  Poultry  Farm, 
O.  GORDON  GRAY,  Ltd.     


THAXTED 


ESSEX. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


WINTER  WASH.    culV^^^^^u 

THE   MOST  EFFECTIVE  WASH     FOR    FRUIT  TREES    Ac, 

In    r-'S  TINS    FOR    10  TO   16   GALLS   OF  WASH. 
WORM    KILLER.     LAWN   SAND    &    GARDEN    SUNDRIES. 


OnlyAddrciI:  TOMLIHSOH  &  HtYWABD  LTf  LlHCOLN 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES.    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS,  i 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,    PALME,  , 

CARNATIONS,  Eti-. 

EVERY  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY   &   FRIDAY,  by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS,! 


[■r  m  Willow  ji  riam  mt^mMTttwtTmt\  T 


at  thi-ir  O'litral  S;ilf  Booms, 

67     &     68,     CHEAPSIDE, 

rnialdcuis   nn  Applit^ation. 


EC. 2 


I  and  makes  the  Garden  rtll^?«. 
gay  all  the  year  round  T,r£«£r, 


SoM  everywhere  for  Hortioultural  purposes  in  PACKETS  lOd.  &  ilB,  and 
In  BKANDED&  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs.   4/-:  14  lbs.  7/-;  2S  lbs.    12/-;  56  lbs..  32/-;  112  lbs..  40/-; 
dire   t  from  the  WorUs.  Carriage  Paid  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  Casb  with  Order  (except  PACKETS) 


CLAY    &    SON 


mr-  i<  Bv^e  f!-.:  -r:  ;r5,  oT'^fTrORD.  LCMOON.E. 


February   ij.    1921] 


THE     GARDEN 


LONG-LASTING  GARDEN  FRAMES 
THAT    THE    GARDENER   APPRECIATES 

Up-to-date  Gardeners  must  have  Frames  that  will  withstand  the  weather 
vagaries  —  Frames  that  will  co-operate  with  the  gardener's  care  in  the  splendid 
results  obtained.    Only  high  grade  materials  go  into  these  durable  G  arden  Frames 

made  by  Boulton  &  Paul  of 
Norwich.  No  other  Horticul- 
tural Wooden  Frames  have  a 
greater  reputation  for  long  life 
throughout  the  country  than 
these  frames  of  tested  strength. 

These  are  in  slock  ready  for  Im- 
mediate delivery.  Carriage  paid  to 
any  station  in  England  and  Wales. 
Write    for    our    List    of    Garden 

»,      WW   -r-      Tt.     c        .  .  .  -       i_-^i.  I,      Frames  and    small    Greenhouses. 

No.  H.  73.  —  Ihe  fronts  are  11  in.  high, 

backs  22  io.  high.     The  frame  is  1  in. 

thick,  and  the  lights  1^  in.,  glazed  with 

IS   oz.   glass,    and    painted    two  coats. 

l.LightFrame.4lt.by6ft.,  £6  10s.  Od. 

2-Light  Frame,  8  ft.  by  6  ft.,  £9  5s.  Od. 

3-Ligbt  Frame,  12  ft.  by  6ft.,  £  12  2s.6d. 

All  prices  include  packing. 


Enquiries  invited  for  Greenhouses, 
Conservatories,  Vinery  Ranges,  Peach 
Houses,  Carnation  Houses,  Heating 
Systems,  Garden  Frames,  etc.,  of  all 
descriptions,    with  requisite  accessories. 


No.  80. — This  is  an  Ideal  Frame  for 
Allotment  Holders  and  Smallholders. 
Size,  4  ft.  9  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.  Sides  9  in. 
high.  Fainted  two  coats  and  glazed 
with  15  oz.  glass.  Frames  also  supplied 
in  other  styles  and  sizes. 
Price  :  £3  16s.  Od.,  including  packing. 


Telegrams  : — 
'  Boulton ,  Norwich . 


Boult^riRiul^ 


Works  and  Head  Offices,  NORWICH. 

London  Address  :   135-7,  Queen   Victoria  Street,  E  C.4 


Telephone ; — 
Norwich  851. 


fWfTk 


LIFEBUOY  Sm? 


MORE  THAN  SOAP 

YET 
COSTS  NO  MORE 


<3^e  name  LEVER 

on  cSoap  IS  a 

GuBrar)te&  of 'Purity 

and  £xce//<Bnce. 


In  tKe  lift  with 

LIFEBUOY- 

there  is  less  danger  of 
infection  because  this  won- 
derful antiseptic  soap  places 
a  tiny  sentinel  of  health  in 
every  pore  of  the  skin 
washed  with  it. 

You  are  in  the  lift  for  perhaps 
two  minutes  ;  during  that  time 
you  breathe  an  atmosphere 
laden  with  disease  bringing 
microbes.  You  cannot  avoid 
the  crowd  but  you  can  easily 
avoid  infection — ask  your 
grocer  for  Lifebuoy  Soap  Use 
it  at  home— in  the  bathroom 
and  kitchen ;  in  the  office  or 
workshop.  Wash  with  Lifebuoy 
morning  and  night  —  there's 
health  in  its  fresh  carbolic 
odour. 


LirilWOY  SOAP 

LEVER     BROTHERS    LIMITED.     PORT    SUNLIGHT. 


QV     ABPOiFtTMthl 


t 


SPECIALITIES 

for 

THE    TABLE 

and    the 

EXHIBITION  STAGE 

The  following  list  includes  the  cream  of  the 
Vegetable  World  whether  grown  for  table  use  only 
or  for  exhibition  purposes  also.     By  hybridisation  and 
by  selection  on  scientific  lines  our  strains  have  been 
brought  to   their  present  high    standard    of   excellence, 
and  we  have  in  many  instances  been  enabled  to  still  further 
improve  our  specialities  since  we  originally  introduced  them  : 

PEAS. 


Sutton's  Pioneer 

Sutton's  Super-Pea.  The  V.C 

Sutton's  Peerless 

Sutton's  Selected  Gladstone 


per  pint.  2/9       . .     quart.  5/- 
per  pkt,  2;« ;  per  J  pt.,  3/6  ;  per  pint.  5/6. 
-.  per  pint    2/9;   per  quart.  5/- 
. .  per  pint.  2/6  :    per  quart,  4/6 


Sutton's  Masterpiece     . 
Sutton's  Prizewinner 


DWARF  FRENCH  BEAN. 
RUNNER  BEAN. 
BEET. 


Sutton's  Blood  Red  . .  

BROCCOLI. 

Sutton's  Snow-White  (Sutton's  Peerless  Strain) 

BRUSSELS    SPROUTS. 

Sutton's  Exhibition  .  .  . .        pUt..  1/6 


SAVOY    CABBAGE. 


Sutton's  Perfection 


CAULIFLOWER 


Sutton's  .Magnum  Bonum,  pkts..  119  &  2,6  :  Sutton's  Early  Giant,  pkts..   1/6  &  2/6 
Sutton's  Autumn  .Mammoth,  pkts.,  1/6  and  2/6 

CARROT. 

Sutton's   New   Red   Intermediate,    pkt, 

CELERY. 

Sutton's    Solid    White,    pkt..    1/6  Sutton  s    Sulham    Prize,    pkt..    1/ 

CUCUMBER. 

Sutton's  Impd.  Telegraph  pkts.,    1/6  and  2 

LETTUCE  (Cos.) 

Sutton's   White    Heart,   pkts.,  1/6    and    2/6 

LETTUCE  (Cabbage). 

Sutton's    Ideal,  pkts.,   1/6   and   2i6 
Sutton's  Prizetaker 


per  J  pint,  2/-  ;  pint,  3/6 
..    per  pint.  2,'9;  quart,  5/- 

..      pkts.,  1/-  and  1/6 


pkts.,  1/9  and  2/6 
CABBAGE. 

Sutton's  All  Heart  pkt.,  1/6 


Sutton's  Emerald  Gem,    .. 

ONION.  PARSNIP. 

Sutton's  Selected  Ailsa  Craig,  pkts.  2/6  &  J/6  Suttons  Tender  &  True,  per  oz.  1  /- 

RADISH. 

French  Breakfast.  Sutton's  Forcing,  per  nz..  lOd.  Sutton's  Red  Forcing,  per  oz„  1/- 
The  Sutton  Radish,  per  ounce,  9d. 

TOMATO. 

Sutton's  Best  of  All.  pkts.,  1/9.  216  &  3/6        Sutton's  Early  Market,  pkts.,  1/-  &  1/6 

TURNIP.  VEGETABLE  MARROW. 

Sutton's  Early  Snowball,  per  oz.,  9d.  Sutton's  Table  Dainty,  per  pkt.,  1/6 

For  fall  particulars  of  all  the  best  Vegetable  and  Flower 

Seeds,  Seed  Potatoes,  Lawn  Grass  Seedi,  etc.,  see  Sutton 's 

Garden  Seed  Catalogue  for   1921.         FREE. 


Jttrtox/rcf< 


READING. 


Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press,  .15  &  57,  Drury  Lane,  London.  W,C.2,  and  Published  by  "Country  Life."  Liwited,  at  '20,  Tavistock  Street,  Strand,  W,C.2, 


THE 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2570. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,   February    19,    1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A     NEWSPAPEW 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE  i 

Yearly   Subscrtption  ' 

Inland,    17/4;    Foreign,    17/4  i 


■  A     NEW     MAIN     CROP     PEA. 
Why  grow  poor  Peas  when  the  new  Marrowfats  mentioned 
in  this   issue   are   as   easily  grown  ? 


MERRYWEATHER'S  ROSES 


FOR   THE   GARDEN! 
FOR   BEDS! 


FOR  EXHIBITION! 
FOR  EVERYWHERE! 


Also   Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 


H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

Barr's  Choice  Flower  Seeds  for  1921. 


pkt. 


CYCLAMEN,  The  New  "  Sheepwell  '*  Sweet-scented  Sirsdn,  raised  in  the  ga'deiis  of 

E,  W'oR.MALD.  Esq.  a  valuable  new  race  of  cyclamen,  the  result  of  many 
years' selection.  The  flowers  are  large  and  pioduced  in  great  profusion, 
and  are  very  (ragrant :  a  great  acquisition.    Greenhouse  Bulb.  ^ 

Mauve    Queen*    bearing  large  handsome  flowers,  carmine  with  brilliant   ruby-  \ 

criinsuH  eye    3    6  | 

Snow  Queen,  bearing  large  snowy  white  flowers    3    6 

Mixed  Colours  ruby-crnnson,  pink,  white,  whiiewith  crimson  eye,  blush.  &c.3s.  6d.  &5    6 
LOBELIA   cardinelis.    Lord  Ardilaun.  a  very  sturdy-growing  variety  with  long 
bronzc-cohmrcd   stems  and   dark  green    foliage,   flowers   very    large    of    a 

brilliant  x'ermilion-rcd.  a  very  handsome  border  plant,  h.p.,  3ft 2s.  6rf.  &'i    6  ' 

POPPY,  New  Double  Queen  Poppies,  a  lovely  new  strain  of  hardy  annual  poppies 
of  the  Shirley  type,  hut  flowers  double  and  semi-double,  of  the  most  delicate 
and  brilliant  colours,  including  xthite  with  salmon,  pink,  or  crimson 
margin,  orange-salmon  shaded  ivhiie,  fiery  rose-scarlet  shading  down  to 
white,  cherry-red  shading  to  white,  brilliunt  scarlet  with  white  centre,  | 

etc..  all  showing  yellow  anthers,  2ft. ;  valuable  for  cutting    1     0  ! 

Descriptive  Catalogue  of  other  citoice  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application. 
BARR         &         SONS,        -^     "      &     13,     KINQ_   STREET, 


COVENT  QARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  faabU  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is    cordially    invited    to   inspect    our    immense    and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 


CHARLESWORTH  &  CO., 


Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.    Albinos  inSwarm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 

SOW^    NOW   to    bloom    in    July   and    August 

BLAGKMORE   &    LANGDON'S 

World-renowned    BEGONIA    SEEDS    (54    Gold    Medals). 

Per  Packet. 

2/6  &  5/- 
1/.,  2/6  &  5/- 
1/-,  2/6  &  5/- 
1/-,  2/6  &  5,;- 
1/6,2,6  &  S- 


DoubleS,  none  can  equal  this  for  quality,  size  and  lovely 
form  and  colours  of  flowers  ■         

Single,  of  wonderful  size  and  form  

Frilled  Single,  a  beautiful  selection        

Crested  Single,  very  fascinating  

Hanging  Basket,  a  grand  novelty,  very  graceful     ... 

Gloxinia  seed,  mixed,  in  most  beautiful  selection  of 
colour  ... 


1  /6,  2/6  &  5/- 


For  prices  of  tubers  of  above  and  other  specialities,  write  for  free  catalogue  and  merxtion  tbis  paper. 

Twerton    Hill    Nurseries,    BATH. 


THE     GARDEN. 


;Februarv   iq,    1921. 


*'THE    GARDEN'    CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 

Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Chamoion    Decorative   Rose    Grower    of   England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
or  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logua.  Antirrhinums 
a  Soecialitv. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND 

R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


FLOWERINQ      SHRUBS 
For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM    &    SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,    ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post   Free  on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable&'Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Scotch    Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  a,,  Qarden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Esute 

Cranmer  Street  ^"'^  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,   Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS. 
NORWICH 


Ltd. 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG    &    CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Qarden   Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 

tunbridge  wells 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's  Cup  for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 

Show.  lyi-.". 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No. :  Vic.  5314, 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  c^rry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 

Landscape 
Work 


J.    CHEAL   &    SONS, 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Ltd. 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southw ARK  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


MAURICE  PRIGHARD'S 

Catalogue  of  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants, 

Aquatics,  etc.,  now  ready  for  1921.  Many 
new  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  therein. 
New  Aubrietias,   New  Saxifragas. 

New  Moraine  Alpine  Plant  offered  for  first  time — 
Erodium    chamsedryoides  rosea  (R.V.P.) 

'Catalogue  sent  free,  2d.  stamp. 

Rlverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 


GOLD  MEDAL  PERENNIAL  PHLOX: 

12  Grand  New  Varieties  -  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  New  Varieties  -  -  15/- 
12  Very   Best  Older  Varieties     -     10/- 

NEW   MICHAELMAS     DAISIES: 

12  Grand  New  Varieties  -  -  -  20/- 
12  Very  Fine  New  Varieties  -  -  15/- 
12  Very   Best  Older  Varieties     -     10/- 

The  above  are  good   plants  and  delivered  package 

and  carriage  free  for  cash  with  order. 
H.  J.  JONES,  Ryecroft  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  S.E.13. 


SPECIALITE. 


SPRING    FLOWERING    SHRUBS 


AZALEAS 
CAMELLIAS 
MAGNOLIAS 
ERICAS 

PLANT     NO>V. 


PRUNUS 
CERASUS 
DAPHNES 
LILACS 

(Carriage    Paid.) 


V.  N.  GAUNTLETT  &  Co.,   Ltd., 

Japanese  Nurseries.  CHI  DDINGFOLD,  Surrey. 


Special   Offer. 

Erica  Carnea,  7  -  Jnz  ,  50  -  100;    Dogwood,  rod  bark>d,  2  to 
3  ft.,  4,'-  doz.,  20/-  ion  ;    Beech,  common,  3  to  4  ft.,  30,-  100 ;  ' 
Broom,  vi'llow,  3  to  4  ft.,  6/-  doz.,  40  -  100 ;    Hazel,  common,  ■ 
3  to  4  ft.,  12  -  100 ;    Broom,  whit.-,  li  to  2  ft.,  5;-  doz.,  35(- 
100;    Box,  gni-n,  1  to  li  ft.,  5/-  doz.,  30,-  100;    Box,  green,  ' 
2  to  2i  ft.,  busily,  8  -  doz. ;    Spruce,  white  Amerieiin,  2i  to  Sj  : 
ft.,  30;-  100 ;  Laurels,  U  to  2.i  ft.,  5  -  doz  ,30,-100  ;  Poplar,  ' 
Ontario,  6  to  8  ft.,  5,-  doz.,  30-  100  ;    Hornbeam,  6  to  8  ft., 
10 -doz.;    Austrian  Pine,  5A  to  6.4  ft.,  30/-  doz.;    Corsican  ; 
Pine,  5  to  6  ft.,  25,'-  doz.;  Cli'estnut,  Hoise,  9  to  10  ft.,  15,'-  ■ 
doz.;    Oak,  English,  5  to  6  ft.,  5-  doz.,  30(-  100;     Pinus,  1 
ponderosa,  2h  to  3,1.  ft.,  10  -  doz. ;  Laurels,  2  to  3  ft.,  6'-  doz.,  I 
40  -  100.       -         -  ■ 

THE   ABOVE   ARE    STOUT  WELL-EOOTED   PLANTS.      ' 

SYDNEY    SMITH, 

Tansley     Old"  Nurseries,  near  Matlock,  Derbyshire.  | 


PERTHSHIRE    GROWN 

SEED    POTATOES 

Are  famous  all  the  world  over. 
They  will  add  25%  to  your  crop. 

Gold  Medal  Award  National  Potato  Show  1920, 

Send  for  our   lOO-page  Catalogue  of  Garden 
Seeds  &  Potatoes.    It  is  the  finest  in  Scotland. 

Special  Quotations  for  Large  Quantities. 


ALEXANDER      &      BRONVN, 

Dept.  B, 
SOUTH    METHVEN    STREET.    PERTH. 


li 
If 

K 
K 
II 

It 


Send  a  Post  Card  for  a  copy 
of  our  beautifully  Illustrated 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 

'^^  Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 

and  other  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds.  No  keen 
gardener  should  be  without  this  most  interesting 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  cropping 
trial  of  about  30  of  the  most  popular  varieties  of 
Potatoes.    Write  to-day  mentioning  this  paper. 

Special  Quotations  to  large  buyers,  also  to 
Allotment  Associations. 

THYNE  &  SON 


Potato     DUNDEE 

Merchants    U«n«CC 


SOW 

"hawlmark 

SEEDS 

DICKSONVHawlmark"  BELFAST. 


February   19,   1921.] 


.*L_^^_ 


GARDEN. 


-ygp=^^ 


^■0 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas. 

Rjiro  Shiubs,  Japanese  Cln  iries.  Maples^,  and  Chinese  subjects 
— John  Waterek,  Sons  k  Crisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nursciies 
Baashot,  Surrey . 


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND   HERBACEOUS 

PL.\Nrs,    i]i  tlip  ii.nv  and    l.Miliii','    vari.ti.-.   iif    IiflpljiiiiaTiis. 
Phloxi's,  Irises.  


WATERERS'      FRUIT      TREES. 


Magni- 


ficent   stock    of    2.i0.000    trees.      Prospeetive    purchasers    an 
iu^^te(i  to  select  personally  at  Twyfoixl  Xurseries. 


WATERERS' 

John  Watf.k 


ROSES.  —  Superb     Stock.  — 

Su:.>  .V  (.'lusp.  Lti'..  TwyfonJ.  Berks. 


GREENHOUSE    PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

— ■■  VII'HOI.ITE  ■'  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  2:;s.  j.er 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supers«des  Putty,  4Us.  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  W.iLTER  Caeson  cV 
Soss.  Grove  Works.  Batteisea.    .Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Hliododeiiilrons.  .\lpiius  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  KEUIHE,  Keston 
Kent 


FOR  SALE,  2,000  yards  Box  Edging,  6d.  per 

yard,  in  large  or  small  quantities  ;    free  eoi  rail. — Walters  eV 
FalC(:)N1.:k.  .\lpine  v;ardens,  Cirencester. 


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— Thr     I'lily     reliable     ami     nunphti-     substitute     lui     Stable 
maiiun-.     Srr  advert,  on  p.  Jv. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New   Descriptive    List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate 
6d.  post  ft'e. — The  Euhbaoe  XrRSp:RiKS,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Establislied   1773. 


BOILERS.— I    iNo.    ^B    -JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  Wsi.  DUNCAN  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  X.15. 


IRON       FENCING,       GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  (iuards.  Hose  and  .X.^ltinu  Stakes,  Wlrcnetting. 
Espalier  Fittings,  .\ielies.  Wirework.  Poultry  Fence.  Dog  Ki'unel 
Railing,  stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
ConULTated  Sheets.  Black  Vartnsh  for  preservation  of  Ironwork, 
etc.     Catalogue  free. — HII.I.  .y  Smith.  Ltj>..  lirh-rly  Hill. 


SWEET    PEAS.— Before   placing   your   order 

see  Storrie's  unique  multum  in  parvo  pa^es,  embracing  a  complete 
representative  collection  in  systematic  colour  groups,  guiding 
rather  than  confusing  the  prospective  purchaser.  The  expert 
as  well  as  the  amateur  will  appreciate  this  list.  The  method  of 
colour  grouping  is  original  and  entirely  our  own.  This  list  post 
fre^-on  application.  STOKltlE  and  STOKRlE.  Florists  Departniml. 
Xur-'ii's.  (ilenearse,  P-rthshire. 


MESSRS.  OLIVER  &  HUNTER'S  NEW  SEED 

CATALOGUE  for  1921  i.s  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  postage 
free  to  ali  those  interested  in  gardening. — Write  to-day  tn 
The  Seek  .V-  Xuksery  Estamlishment,  Moniaive.  N.B. 


FLOWER    POTS.— lo  8in.,   15  6m.,  15   5111., 

15  4in..  15  3in.,  complete,  packed  frei-.  los.  Illustrate,! 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — Thos.  Jeavons.  Potteries,  Bricrh-y 
Hill. 


RICHARDIA      (CALIA)      ELLIOTTIANA.— 

Large  flowering  bulbs  of  this  splendid  (iolden  Anun  ;  stock 
limited  ;  1/9  each,  20/-  per  do?-.  Tuberous  Begonias. — Spleiidii, 
flowering  tubers  of  excellent  strains,  doubles,  singles,  frilled 
and  ei>>tt<l.  from  5/-  jht  doz.^RyDEKS.  Seed  and  Hulb 
.M.K.hiuit-.  St.  Ailiaiiv. 


MORRIS'S    LIVE    SEEDS.— And    yet    again 

eliminate  uncertainty  and  reap  full  benefit  of  your  labours  by 
sowing  Morris's  Live  See<Is.  Highest  grade  strains.  Reasonable 
prices.  Catalogues  fm'.  Shallots.  141b.  for  5/3,  can'iage 
paid. — Morris's  Seei>  Stokes,  225,  Bristol  Street,  Birmingham. 
Established   1895.     Agents  wanted. 


PRIZE     BEGONIAS,      GLADIOLI,      MONT- 

BRETIAS,  LILIES,  etc..  best  varieties,  nmderate  pric-.  List> 
free.  Lily  of  the  Valley,  8/6  100.— Moitius's,  225.  Bristol 
Street.  Binninghara. 


BUSH   ROSES.  — Herriot,   G.    Dickson, 

McArtliur,  Druschki.  Testout.  Avoca,  Laurent  Carle,  K.  A. 
Victoria.  Mrs.  A.  Ward.  Grolez.  Harry  Kirk.  Sutherland  ; 
correctly  labelU-d  ;  18s.,  cnrriagc  paid.— Morris's,  225,  Bristol 
Street.  I*irmingham. 


BARR'S  SEED  GUIDE  (Free).— For  the  best 

Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of  fliu-st  selected  sti^ains  and 
tested  growth.  At  tlie  R.H.S.  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable 
Seeds  have  received  exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality, 
lecfixing  First-Class  Certifleates.  Awards  ot  Merit,  and  many 
llighlv  Commended.  -..™^^ 

"B ARR  'S    BEAUTIFUL    LILIES,    GLADIOLI, 

r.iX.VAS.  I).\HLI.\S.  .M(1XTBRETI.\S,  TIGRIDHS, 
TLBEHOSES,  I'te..  for  Spring  planting.  JX'seriptive  Catalogue- 
free. — 1J-\UI!  .y  SONS,  King  Stii-et,  Covent  Harden,  London. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our  (.wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  th  ■ 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  ..Great 
Britain.  Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  6d.  and  5s. — J.  Dougl.\3,  Great  Bookiiani. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of    Conser- 

vrttories,  Greenliouses,  etc..  and  H4-ating  Engineers,  L)anvei> 
Street.  Chelsra.  London.  S.\V.:^.  Wire  :  (iray.  Kensington  9U. 
Teleplione  :   Kensington  iMi  ,v   91. 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filtei-s  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars.— ^Villiam  ]5eattie,  8,  Lower 
(Jrosvrnor   Plaer.   Westminster. 


IRON    AND    WIRE   FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalo^e.  Also  kennel  railing  and  jmultry 
fencing.  Ask  lor  separate  lists. — Bori.TON  A.\iPArL,  Ltd,. 
Manufacturei-s,  Nonvich. 


CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  ineluding  splendid  noviitii-s  for  1921  ;  also 
New  P<largoniunis,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Colk  (V  Son,  Chrysanthemmu^  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


HAVE   YOU   SEEN    OUR    CATALOGUE?— 

If  not,  send  for  on«-  now  ;  it  is  lull  of  iiiten'stiiig  things.  Post 
free,  if  you  mention  this  paper,  from  Stuakt  A'  ,Me!N,  The 
King's   Seedsmen,   Ivelsu,   Scotland.        


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,    VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orcliaitl  House  trees  an-  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  larg^  and  si-hct  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  i>ost  free  on  application. — 
Thus.  Rivkus  A:  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgcworth,  H^-rts. 


SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES,  specially  selected, 

certificiiled.  Anan  C(.nirade,  141b.  3s.  ;  281b..  5s.  6d.  ;  5tilb.. 
10s.  Dniniwhindie  Seedling,  Early  Main  Crop,  enormou-' 
cropper,  fine  quality.  A  customer  from  Leeds  writes  :  "'  Lifted 
521b.  from  five  tubers."  Another  WTites  :  "  Gained  prize  for 
greatest  weight  of  any  \ariety."  Ulb..  3s.  6d.  ;  281b.,  6s.  6d.  ; 
561b.,  13s.— JAMES_l{OHKitTSoN,  .Seed  Potato  Grower,  Aberdeen, 
Scotland. 


KING'S     ACRE     SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  eonnnerce  at  nue-t  moderate  price;-.  Pltas<'  write 
fur  our  N<w  Illustrated  Se.d^ Catalogue  and  compare  priee^ 
beiore  t)rdering  els<'where.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
tlieir  n-liability. — King's  Ackl:  NuitaEKiES,  Limited.  Herefoixl. 


LAXTONS*  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contain^  all  the  latest  imv.lti's  in  llowers  and  veg.tables. 
ineluding  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatiy.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  l^d.  postage. — 
Laxton  Bkothek^.  IJkdfoud. 


PAVING.  —  Crazy    and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Hubble  for  "  dry,"  dwarf  and 
retaining  waHs,  in  large  or  small  quantities  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — Hodson  tt  Son,  58,  Castlegat*'. 
Nottiiigliani. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

\'ineries,  etc.,  complete|  with  \arious  arrangements  of  pipes 
lo  suit  any  size  or  sha]n-  housi'  ;  separate  parts  supplied. 
Vanguard.  ConicAl.  Seetinnai,  Sjiildle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipes. 
Joints.  Fittings,  etc.  Illuslrated  List  4,  free.— Thomas  Je.\vons, 
Silver  Strert  Works.  Brierlev  Hill. 


ROCK    AND    BOG    PLANTS.— 1,200    choice 

varietie>.   fiom  oin>  of  tlie  largest    (private)  colleetions  ;    sold 
cheap.     List  free. — Rev,  .^mikkskn.  Glenn  Hall,  Leicester. 


RARE    ALPINES.— Cotyledon    simplicifolius. 

Is.  :  Diantlms  neglectus,  Od.  ;  Ctrastium  vilosuni  9d.  ; 
Delphinium  tatsienense.  Is.  ;  Hypericum  cuneatnm,  Is.  3d.  ; 
Pentstenion  linarioides,  9d.  ;  Sedum  pilosuiu  6d.  ;  Lychnis 
alpina.  6d.  ;  Haageana,  9d.  ;  Arkwriphti,  Is.;  Gypsoplula 
aretiniiles    9d. — R.  TUCKER  &  SONS,  Nurscr>men,  OxfonL 


SUTTON'S    VEGETABLE    SEEDS. 

By   liybridisation.    by   constant   selection  and    re-selectoil 
yar  after  year,  onr  choice  strains  ar<t  maintained  at  the 

Ilighest  standard  of  excellence. 

Our  specialitv  for  the  \V4'ek  ; 
SUTTON'S    TO.M.VrO    BEST    OF    .\LL. 
Fruits   smooth   and   of  good   form  and  size.     Per  packet  ' 
1/9,  2/0  and  3/6. 
SUTTON   ,V    SONS,   THE   KING'S  SEEDSMEN,  READING. 


KELWAY'S    PEONIES.  — NOW    IS    THE; 

■JIME  TO  PLANT.     A,S  BEAUTIFUL  AS  ROSES,  BUT  AS 
HARDY   AS   THE   DOCK.      HAVE    YOU   TRIED   THEM  T 
.\9  one  walks  through  a  border  of  KELWAY'S   P.S;0NIKS 
one   can   easily    imagine   that   they   are    rosea — giant   roses — 
their  delicious  scent,  their  creamy-tinted  petals  flushed  with  ' 
pink,  and  their  bright  dark  foliage  are  exceptionally  delightful.  I 
WRITE     TO     KELWAY'S     NOW,     and     procure    strong  I 
named  plants  for  immediate  planting,  then  you  will  be  rewarded  \ 
with  good  clumps  and  beautiful  blossoms  in  early  summer. 
KELWAY    &    SON,    THE    llOYAL    HORTICULTURISTS, 
L.ANGPORT,    SO.MERSET. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN, 

Ldinburgli,  will  ^md  a  copy  <»f  their  1921  Catalogu*-  and  Guide 
to  Gardt-ning.  free,  if  this  jjaper  is  nuntioned. 


BATH'S   SELECT  SEEDS   AND  PLANTS.—  , 

N<-w  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  elioire  v-gctabjcs  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  nady  and  « ill  be  sent  post  free  on  application, 
Spicial  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (]>pt.  E.).  R.  H.  B.'\TH, 
Ltd..  The  Floral   Farms.   Wisheeli. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

sliould  be  jilanlid  now.      Our  nni(|Ue  pnblicatinn.   "'  irises  and 
Iris  (Jardens,"   fur  on  applitaliun. 


WALLACE'S   HERBACEOUS   PLANTS  AND 

ALPINE      UHODODENllKOXS      AND       AZALEAS.        New 
lists  free. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTINO     BOXES.        Catalogue     (No.     4)     free.— 
.MooHTON.   0.   Thornton    .\\enue,   Cliiswiek. 


CRANSTON'S   FAMOUS   ONIONS:   ready  fori 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autumn-sown  pedigree  plants,  ' 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Rou.sham  Park  Hero,  ! 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or  , 
carriage  paid.  Exli-a  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants, 
Flow<'r  of  Spring,  Early  Otfeniiam,  AVheeler's  Imperial,  Red  | 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt  . 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application.^ — KING'S  ' 
ACREjNuRSEKlES,  LTD.,  Hereford  (late  Cranston's). J 


RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY    PAVING.— 

Real  old   Somerset  stone.     Cheap<:*st  and   most  effective  stone 
on   the   market  for  garden   walks,   terraces,   itc.     Also  watliiig  \ 
and  rockery  stone.     Trade  enquiries  invited.     Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,    &c. — Gilliam     (Gai"den     Dept.),    Wedesley    Court 
Road,  Croydon. 


HARDY  ORCHIDS.— Cypripedium  pubescens» 

C.  spectabile.  Orchis  foliosa,  2/6  each  ;  O.  latifolia,  9d. ;  0. 
maculata,  Od.  ;  O.  mascula,  6d. ;  Ophrys  apifera,  9d. ;  Epipaotis 
gigantea,  1/5;  E.  latifolia,  6<1.  Descriptive  catalogue  free. — 
BOWELL  A  Skarratt,  Nurseries,  Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S    "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  ■'  Sin  its  "  for  gH'  iihun.-r  funiiL'aliun  :  >afe.  rtfeetive 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsm 'ii.  li(inni(UigeiN.  cte. — 
McUorc.ilJ.  BltO.S.,  Ltd.,  Port  Stn-.-t.  ."Manehr-t'-r. 


SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES.— Duke  of  York, 

Express,  Eelipse,  Midlothian  Early,  Llewellyn,  .May  Queen, 
Ninetyfejld,  Great  Scot,  Kerr's  Pink,  Locliar,  Templar.  Tinwald 
[•erfeetion,  liargil  Early,  .\rran  Comrade,  Xing  George  V.  Edzell 
nine.  King  Edward  VII  (legem  rated),  Uritish  Queen,  Arran 
Hose,  lihoderick  Dim,  K.  of  K.,  Bloomfleld,  ete.  Catalogue 
of  Vegetable  and  Flower  Sei-ds  free  on  applicjition. — TlLLIE, 
Whyte  it  Co.,  1'2.  .Mi-lbonrne  Plaee,  George  IV  Bridge, 
Kdiiiliiirt'li.      Kstjiblished   )H:i7. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS      SPECIALITY.  —  List 

■.— I'lJMil    1.1  K„  10.  Mordeii   Koiid,  Sleehl.inl.   lliniiiiejliain. 


FIDLER'S    NEW    ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED  GUlllE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOIi  11121  IS  NOW 
11E-\DY.  and  a  eopy  will  be  sent  post  fri-e  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of  post  eanl. — Write  at  onee  to  FlDl.KK  A  Sons,  Koyal 
Ilerksliiiv  Sieil  st<.res.   Heading. 


THE   CLIFTON  POULTRY  FARM— Sitting*. 

Day-old  chicks  ;  best  laying  strains.  Breeds  kept  :  \Miitc 
Wyandottes,  Wliite  I.^>ghorns.  S.  C.  RJiode  Island  Rods,  Light 
Sussex. — Writo,  -Af.ANAOKK,  Clifton  Poultkv  Farm,  near 
Bigtiieswa<ie,  Beds. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   19,   1921. 


THOUSANDS       OF       USERS       YEARLY 

testify    to    the    excellence    of    Wakeley's    Hop    Manure    for    all    purposes. 


HOP  MANURE 

(  PATENTED) 

V  The  Most  Perfect  </ 
■''a.    Fertilizer     ^ 


Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society 

"  Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been 
used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at  Wisley, 
and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has 
proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders, 
fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both  under  glass 
and  out  in  the  open  air." 

(Signed)     VV.  WILKS,   Secretary. 


AWARDED  DIPLOMA  AND  MEDAL  AT  THE 

ROYAL  INTERNATIONAL  HORTICULTURAL 

EXHIBITION.  1912. 

Beware  of  imitations. 
Genuine  only  in  our  marked  bags 

Containing  Guaranteed  Analysis. 


^  COMPLETE  'C 


SUBSTITUTE 


Prices  (including  bags)  :  1  bushel,  2/3  ; 
4  bushels,  6/.  ;  5-4  bushels,  28/9  ; 
10-4  bushels,  55/-  ;  20-4  bushels,  1  OO/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

A  beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full 
particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt 
of  t>ostcarii. 


WAKELEY  BROS.  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  75a,  Bankside,  London 


ALPIHE   AND   HE«B<CEOUS   PLAMTS. 

Descriptive  Catalogue-Guide   for   1921. 

All   plants  carefully  described,  with   heights,  times 
of  flowering,  and  some  Cultural  Notes.      Write  : — 

MAXWELL     &     BEALE, 

BROADSTONE,     DORSET. 


.^k/ 


ALWKre  GOOD  CHOPS"    §Us^    ^^ 


^"'ESTmNODUNTlESSEEDVWtEMOUIS  BARN3TAPl£ 


ESTABLISHED     1 870. 


WALTER  BLOM  &  SON,  F.R.H.S. 

OVERVEEN,     HOLLAND. 


SUPERB     BEGONIAS. 


BLOM'S    GIANT    STRAIN. 

_.  Per  100, 
Single,     separate     colours,     bronzy     salmon,     orange      scarlet,     rose,     scarlet, 

white,    yellow Each  colour  1 5/- 

Choice  Mixture,  extra  selectedlbulbs    14/- 

Choice  Mixture,  selected  bulbs 1  0/6 

Double,     separate     colours,    bronzy    salmon,    orange    scarlet,    rose,    scarlet, 

white,    yellow Each  colour  1 8/6 

Choice  Mixture,  extra  selected  bulbs    1 7/6 

Choice  Mixture,  selected    bulbs ■%  3/6 

Terms  -.—All   orders    to    the    value    of   £1    and    upwards    carriage    paid. 

Smaller    orders    pay    21-    to    cover    cost    of  postage. 

PREPAID      ORDERS       ID       PER      CENT.       DISCOUNT. 


Doz. 

2/3 

2/- 
1/6 

2/6 

2/4 

2/- 


l^^l- 


BU  LBS 


AND 

PLANTS 

Fop  Spring,   1921. 

All      o;      the      Finest      Quality. 

The   Catalogue  of  above  will   be 

sent,    post    free,    on    application 

to   their  Offices  at 

Overveen,     Haarlem, 
HOLLAND. 


February   19,   1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


SeectPi  ' 


(S€*7€3tVi 


GUARANTEED     SlOTCH      GROWN. 


IMMUNES,   SCOTCH. 

llilb.     561b.       281b.       141b.  71b. 

Dargill   Early 32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Witch  Hill         40/         21/       11/  6/  3/6 

Arran  Rose      25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Edzell  Blue       25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Great  Scot        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Ally 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

King  George 20/         11/         6/  3/6  2/6 

Arran  Comrade      ..      ..     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

The  Bishop      32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Majestic 24/        13/        7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Victory         . .      . .     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Kerr's     Pink 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Lochar        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Templar 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Golden  Wonder      . .      . .     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Langworthy      24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Abundance        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Tinwald  Perfection        . .     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

"  K.  of  K."  (Endi'h)    . .     50/        26/      14/  8/  5/ 

NON-IMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 

Myatt's  Ashleaf      ..      ..     40/         21/       11/  6/  3/6 

May  Queen       40/         21/       11/  6/  3/6 

Duke  of  York  . .      . .     34/         18/         9/6         5/3  3/ 

Midlothian  Early  .  .        .34/         18/         9/6         5/3  3/ 

Ninetyfold         32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Puritan       32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Sharpe's  Express  . .      . .     25/         13/6       7/6         4/3  2/6 

Sir  John  Llewellyn       . .     25/         13/6       7/6         4/3  2/6 

Early  Eclipse 25/         13/6       7/6         4/3  2/6 

Epicures 22/         12/  7/  4/  2/6 

Sharpe's  Victor        ..      .21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Early  Rose        21/         11/6       6/6         3/6  2/3 

Ringleader         21/         11/6       6/6         3/6  2/3 

Pink  Hebron 21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Eating  Potatoes  10/         —  —  —  — 

British  Queen 25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Up-to-Date       25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Chief     22/         11/6      6/6         4/  2/6 

Dalhousie 22/        11/6      6/6        4/  2/6 

Iron  Duke         22/         11/6      6/6        4/  2/6 

THE    EARLY   NON-IMMUNE  COLLECTION. 

3Mb.    cacb    Myatt's    Ashleaf,    Sharpe's     Express, 

Midlothian   Early,  Early  Rose. 

The  CollicUon,  10/-.     Doubli-  Quaniiiy,  19/-. 

THE   EARLY    IMMUNE   COLLECTION. 

3ilb.  each  Dargill  Early,  Arran  Rose,  Witch  Hill, 

Edzell  Blue. 

The  Collection,  10/-.    Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE    SECOND     EARLY    AND    MAINCROP     IMMUNE 
COLLECTION. 

3^1b.  each  •'  K.  of  K.,"  Arran  Comrade,  Majestic, 

The  Bishop. 

The  CoUection,  11/-.     Double  Quantity,  21/-. 

THE  SECOND  EARLY  AND  MAINCROP  NON-IMMUNE 

COLLECTION. 

3,1b.  each  British  Queen,  Arran  Chief,  Up-to-Date, 

King  Edward. 

The  Collection,  8/-.     Double  Quantity,  15/-. 
No  variety  can  be  substituted.    All  coUeclion.s  are  packed 
In  separate  bags,  correctly  named,  and  delivered  to  your  door 
in  one  parcel,  carriage  paid,  by  passenger  train.    All  Seeds  in 

the    above    collection    are    Scotch,    except    Early    Rose  and 
"  K.  of  K." 


HORTICULTURAL 

MANURES. 

1121b. 

561b.       281b. 

141b. 

-lb. 

Basic  Slag,  30  %   . .      ..     12/ 

6/6       3/6 

2/ 

1/3 

Superphosphate,  30  %. .     13/ 

7/         4/ 

2/6 

1/6 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia        40/ 

20/       10/ 

5/6 

3/ 

Potash   (Kainit)       . .      .  .     32/ 

16/         8/ 

4/6 

2/6 

All  Round  Manure        .  .     24/ 

12/         6/ 

3/6 

2/ 

(Our  0\ra  Mi-\lng.) 

CARRIAGE    PAID    PASSENGER    RATES. 

Seeds  and  filanures  can  be  sent  carriage  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included.  It  is  much  cheaper  to  send  any  weight 
up  to  281b.  by  passenger  than  goods. 


Up  to  30  miles 
Up  to  50  miles 
Up  to  100  miles 
Up  to  200  miles 
Over    200  miles 


71b. 
1/ 

1/ 
1/ 
1/ 
1/ 


141b. 
1/4 
1/6 
1/7 
1/9 
1/11 


281b. 
1/9 
1/11 
2/1 
2/4 
2/11 


661b. 
2/4 
2/6 
3/6 
4/6 
5/10 


1121b. 
3/3 
4/3 
6/3 
8/4 
10/4 


Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  delivery. 

Send   for  our   Illustrated   List,  a   complete   guide   to   Potato 

Growing.    It  will  Interest  you. 


TOM    E.    hING,    Ltd., 
Somersham,   St.   Ives,   Hunts. 

Contractor  to  His  Majesty's  Government. 


^^/TT  &  >T^V/^ 


WATERERS' 

INCOMPARABLE 

SEEDS 

For  Vegetable  &  Flower  Gardens. 

The  Seeds  that  in 
their  results  tYiaintain 
the  satisfaction  of 
confidence,  security, 
&  remunerative  crops 

Descriptive     Catalogue     and    Garden 
Guide   Free  on  Application. 

SCOTCH  GROWN 
SEED  POTATOES 

ara  quoted  at  extremely 
advantageous  rates  and 
our  stock  is  of  the  finest 
quality  we  have  ever 
handled. 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP, 

LIIVIITED, 

TWYFORD,  BERKS. 


nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnuiinnnnn 


AUBRIETIAS 

(New  Varieties). 

t^^        t^^        z^^ 


>j    Strong  tufty  plants  grown  in  pots  for  imme-   q 


diate   planting    out    for  effect    this   Spring. 

ATrRACTION  (R.  V.  PRICHARD).  1921  Novelty. 

Immense    pale    mauve:    largest  flowers   of    any, 

each  5'-. 
AUBREY  PRICHARD,  rich  mauve  blue,  circular 

flowers.  1  6  each,  15/-doz. 
BLUE   KING,  nearest  approach  to  blue,  1/6  each, 

is;.  d.)z. 

CHURCH   HNOWLE.   lovely   grey   blue,   1/-  each, 

I0(-  doz. 
DAYBREAK,  rosy  lavender.  1/6  each,  15/-  doz. 
lIRfc:   KING,    IMPROVED,   reddish   crimson.    1/6 

each.  15/-  doz. 
RIVERSLEA  PINK,  large  rosy  pink,  1/-  each.  10/- 

doz. 
ROSEA  SPLENDENS,  lovely  soft  rose  pink,  large 

size,  perfect  habit.     Award  .Merit,  R.H.S.  Spring. 

1919.    1  6  each,  six  plants  for  8/tl. 
RUSSELL'S  CRIMSON,  darkest  of  the  red  shades. 

1/-  each.  10/- doz. 
STUDLAND,  clear  lavender  mauve,  l/-each.  10,6 

doz. 
VIRGINIE,  rich  lavender,  white  centre,   1/6  e.ich. 

15/- doz. 

WARBAUROW,  pure  deep  rose,  1/-  each,  10.6  doz. 


Collection,  one  each  of  the  above,  12/6,  other   H 
varieties  of  Aubrietias,  9d.  each,  8/-  doz 
Carriage  extra. 


n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 


CATALOGUE  of  best  rock  and  herbaceous  plants 
on  application. 

MAURICE    PRICHARD, 

Riverslea    Nursery, 

CHRISTCHURCH. 


IF    YOU     WANT 


Really  Good  Seed£ 

AT     iVIODERATE     PRICES 

SEND    TO 

ROBERT  SYDENHAM  LIMITED 

99,  TENBY  STREET,  BIRMINGHAM 

No  one  will   serve  you    better. 
A     FEW      PRICES      FOR      1921  , 


BEET. 

Cheltenham  Qreen  Leaf,  best  for  flavour 
Dell's  Black  Leaved,  smooth,  medium-sized  roots 
Early  Model  Qlobe,  bi  st  round  variety 

BORECOLE. 

Cottager's,  one  of  the  hardest 

Dwarf  Qreen  Curled  Scotch,  the  best  Dwarf    . . 
Asparagus,  dtlicious  flavour  

BROCCOLI. 

Veitch's  Self-Protecting  Autumn  

Snow's  Winter   White 

Spring  White,  v-ry  hardy . . 

Late  Queen,  the  beat  late   .. 

Purple  Sprouting,  most  useful  hardy  sort 

White  Sprouting,  dt'Iicious  flavour 

BRUSSELS    SPROUTS. 

The  Wroxton,  tin   v-ry  bt  st  

Darlington,  dwarf  robust,  very  productive 

CABBAGE. 

Ellam's  Early  Dwarf  Spring 
First  and  Best,  be>-t  for  Autumn  sowing 
Blood  Red  Pickling,  large  solid  heads 
Drumhead  (Savoy),  best  for  general  crop 

CARROT. 

Early  Nantes,  for  early  crop 
James  Scarlet,  be^t  selected 
Scarlet  Intermediate,  best  for  exhibition 

CAULIFLOWER. 

Dean's  Early  Snowball,  selected  strain 

All  the  Year  Round,  very  distinct,  large  heads 

Early  London,  be-^i  for  general  use 

Veitch's  Autumn  Qiant,  best  for  use  in  Autumn 

CELERY. 

All  Leading  Varieties 

LEEK. 

The  Lyon,  best  and  largest 
Musselburgli,  for  general  use 

LETTUCE. 

All  the  Year  Round,  excellent  and  reliable 
Unique,  pretty  frilled  foliage,  and  tender 
Wonderful,  keep-  tender  a  long  time 
Qiant  Paris  White  (Cos),  best  for  summer 
Balloon  ((Tos),  laigest  of  all 

ONION. 

Excelsior  (true),  packets  750  seeds  6d. 
Allsa  Craig,  packet-  750  >-eed3  6d. 
White  Spanish  or  Reading 
Bedfordshire  Champion 
Qiant  Zittau,  one  of  the  best  keepers 
Qiant  White  Tripoli,  best  flat  white  onion 


per  oz. 
9d. 
9d. 
9d., 


8d.; 
lOd.; 
lOd.! 


i;e; 

i;8: 

1/9 

1/9i 
8d., 

1j8l 


ilk 


lOd.: 

1/-, 

9d/ 


8d.; 
8d.: 
8d4 

per  pkt. 
6d.| 
6d.' 
6d.' 

per  01.  1;6.' 


3d. 


per  oz.  i 
1/6 
1/4, 


PARSNIP. 

Hollow  Crown,  specially  selected.  . 

SPINACH. 

Summer  or  Winter 

SHALLOTS. 

Best  Selected  Roots 

TURNIP. 

Model  White  stone 

Extra  Early  Milan  Purple-top   .. 

Qolden  Ball 


8d. 
8d. 
9d. 
8d. 
9d.' 


2/- I 
2/- 
1/-! 
1/6  i 

1/8; 

1/6 

per  01. I 
4d. 


4d. 

per  lb. 
6d. 

per  01. 
6d. 
9d. 
6d. 


PEAS, 

from  1,6  per  pint 


AND 


BEANS, 

from  1,-  per  pint 


SCOTCH   SEED   POTATOES. 

ALL    THE     LEADINQ     VARIETIES     AT     MODERATE 
PRICES.     See  Catalogue. 

ALL    OTHEE     SEEDS    EQUALLY    CHEAP    A^D     GOOD 


SWEET    PEAS    A     SPECIALITY. 
THEIR     UNIQUE     LISTS 

Post  Free  on  application. 

ROBERT    SYOtKHAM     LIMITED 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   ig,    1921. 


RYDERS 

RELIABLE  NOVELTIES 


LUPINS. 

A  new  race  of  perpetual  perennial  h)  brids 
between  selected  Tree  and  Herbaceous 
varieties.       Many    lovely    colours. 

6d.  per  packet. 

SCABIOUS. 

Mrs.  R.  F.  Felton.  Tbe  finest  Caucasica 
variety.  Long-stemmed,  waved  lavender- 
mauve  flowers.  (id.  &  I/-  per  packet. 

SCABIOUS,  AVHITE  QUEEN. 

A  greatly  improved  Ivory  White  peren- 
nial Scabious.  6d.  &  1/-  per  packet. 

SAVEET  PEAS. 

Ryders  Rich  Orange.  Ryders  Frilled 
Cream  and  six  other  colour  novelties. 

6d.  &  1/-  per  packet. 

TREES  AND  SHRUBS. 

Seeds  of  many  genera  and  species  never 
before  offered.  6d.  &  1  -  per  packet. 

VEGETABLES. 

Many  sterling  novelties  offered  for  the 
first  time  this  year.  See  also  our  Advt. 
of  Feb.  S. 

RICHARDIA  ELLIOTTIANA. 

Large  flowering  bulbs  of  this  magnificent 
"Yellow  Arum."       1/9  each,  20/-  perdoz. 

The  ahov<'  are  only  a  few  of  the  season's  nox^elties 
offered  in  RYDERS  FREE  CATALOGUE. 

Everything  for  the  Garden- SEEDS,  BULBS,  PLANTS, 

TREES  &  SHRUBS,  MANURES  of  the  highest  quality 

and  at  low  prices  from 

RYDERS,  Seed  Dept.  11,  ST.  ALBANS. 

(Ryder   &    Son   (1920),   Ltd.) 


p.  ,.»i>.,    •» 


Seeds  for  early  Sowing 
under  Gicjss. 
BEST  TOMATOES  (BIDES 
RECRUIT).— We  have  grown 
this  alongside  otiier  varieties 
for  market  work,  and  consider 
it  the  heaviest  bearer  of  all, 
while  the  quality  is  first  rate. 
6d.  and  1  -per  pkt. 
CARTERS  SUNRISE,  a  fine 
variety  carrying  long  regular 
bunches  of  medium-sized  fruit, 
colour  and  fiavour  not  sur- 
passed i^y  any  variety.  3d.  and 
ed.  per  pkt. 

KONDINE  RED.  A  fairly 
large  tomato  of  good  shape, 
colour  and  quality,  and  a  tre- 
mendous cropper.  Much  grown 
in  Guernsey.  AM  R.H.S.  \9\6 
3d.  and  6d.  pkt. 

UP-TO-DA  I E,  a  very  heavy 
cropper,  plant  robust  but  short- 
jointed,  good  quality.  3d.  and 
6d.  per  pkt. 

ONION  AILSA  CRAIG.— For 
exhibition  and  general  use.  Per 
pkt.  6d.,peroz.3l-. 
CUCUMBERS.  —Every  Day, 
Lochie's  Perfection,  Se'ected 
Tdegraph,  Matchless,  Sensa- 
tion All  iid.  and  \j-  per  pkt. 
Please  send  postage  for  amounts 
under  2/- 

Catalogue  free  on  application. 
J .  R.  Pearson  &  sons, 
Lowdham. 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


i    '^.£  »••  t 

>SfX 

'\-"h'  *•/ 

MX 
i^ 

p.  ^•••••fc  n 


xjsl  pec 


The     im- 
pnrtanceof 
rich  well  man- 
ured soil  is  gen- 
erally recognised 
)y  those  who  cul- 
ate  Rrapes,    Can- 
ary* Guano  should  be 
used  as    a    dressing, 
about  4  ounces  to   the 
square  yard.   In  the  cul- 
tivation    of      all      fruit 
trees     and      bushes     the  M 
application        of      Canary   H 
Guano  is  an  important  factor.  ■ 

Cuano 


Obtainable  from  all  Seedsmen  ia 
Cartons.  1,-eJch:  Bags.  7  lb.  3/S; 
14  lb..  6/6:  28  Ih..  11.-;  56  1b.. 
19'-;  1  cwL,  35/-  each:  or 
direct  from  the  makers. 
H>i(e  to-day  for  FREE 
Booklet  No.  11.  ciititaming 
full  parlictilars  of  Cttnary 
Guano  loi It  Gardoi  Diary 
'or  the  Year,  post  free. 

CHEMICAL  UNION.  Lt(U 
IPSWICH 


I  Wt^  giant 

\0         SWEET  PEAS 

Only  genuine^direc^from  WEM. 

Are  the  mammnths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of    their   large  size,  the  blooms    are 

perfectly  formed  and  possesiS  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 


12  Varieties  separate  and  named 

5/6 

18 

8- 

24 

106 

30 

12  6 

40 

17/6 

so 

22,6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH    WITH    ORDER. 

AH  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  m  ignificent  for  all  purposes. Containing 
a  wonderful  r  mge  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITEFOK  A  CATALOGUE 

of   all   the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.FRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.  61),   WEM,   Shropshire. 

Also   the   finest   Flower   Seeds,   Vegetable 
Seeds,    Potatoes,    etc. 


GET  THIS 
FREE  GUIDE 


TO-DAY. 


Simply  write  a  postcard  now  for  an  absolutely  free 
copy  ot  Lur  teautifully  illustrated 

''GUIDE  TO 
GARDEN    WISDOM 
AND     GUARANTEED 
GARDEN  SEEDS" 

We  shall  be  delighted  to  send  it  to  you  absolutely 
freely,  and  without  any  sort  of  obligation  on  your  part. 
Ensures  Your  Garden  being  as  Lovely  and  as  Profit- 
able as  the  one  you  have  so  often  admired,  and  saves 
you  money,  too 

EVERY  PACKET  OF  SEEDS  ordered  thence 
MUST  srow  fur  YOU  and  please  you  or  you  will  get  it 
REPLACED  FREELY.  Your  decision  is  absolutely 
final.  We  shall  not  be  there  o  influence  you.  If  a 
Seedsman  has  not  confidence  enough  in  his  .-eeds  to 
sell  them  under  a  plain  Guarantee,  they  are  obviously 
not  gooJ  enough  for  YOUR  Garden. 

Please  post  your  card  to-day,  addressing  us  per- 
sonally. 

TOOGOOD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 

Seedsmen    to     H.M.     the     King,     and 

Growers  01  "Better  Crops"  Seeds  only. 

SOUTHAMPTON. 


^<?M1H^ 


No    2570.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[February  19,  1921; 


^  (  The  dose  relationship  which  has  existed  for  many  years  between  The  Garden  and  its  readers  has  been  very 
pleasant.  On  that  account  we  may  be  permitted,  indeed  are  justified,  in  referring  to  many  letters  which  have 
reached  us  during  the  past  few  weeks.  They  constitute  a  chorus  of  praise  of  our  efforts  to  encourage  the  revival  of 
that  love  of  gardening  in  which  rehef  can  be  found  from  the  exacting  tasks  of  everyday  life.  It  is  also  gratifying 
to  be  able  to  say  that  there  have  been  many  additions  to  our  subscription  list  and  regular  readers.  In  these  days 
of  heavy  costs  it  must  have  been  obvious  to  the  most  casual  that  largely  mcreased  expenditure  has  been  necessary 
in  order  to  make  The  Garden  as  additionally  helpful  and  attractive  as  our  correspondents  say  it  has  been.  We  do 
not  pose  as  philanthropists — our  frank  purpose  is  to  benefit  reader,  advertiser  and  ourselves.  All  alike  can  con- 
tribute to  the  general  good.  We  are  endeavouring  to  do  our  part.  Advertisers  have  supported  and  are  supporting 
our  eft'orts,  and  in  turn  should  be  supported.  We  are  hopeful  that  all  our  readers  will  further  the  joint  effort  and 
their  own  interests,  as  they  can  do  at  one  and  the  same  moment.  They  can  best  do  this  by  letting  their  acquaintances 
know  that  The  Garden  is  increasingly  helpful  and  instructive  that  others  may  learn  in  what  manner  their  gardens 
maj-  be  improved.  Our  aim  is  to  make  The  Garden  of  real  service  to  amateur  and  professional  alike,  and  we  shall 
gladly  welcome  any  suggestions  which  contribute  to  tliis  end. 


OX  well  drained  soil  the  time  is  no.-.- 
at  hand  for  sowing  early  Peas  in  the 
open.  Wliere  time  and  labour  allow, 
the  ground  should  be  deeply  trenched 
and  enriched  with  well  decayed 
farmyard  manure,  for  the  Pea  is  a  very  deep 
rooting  plant  and  a  gross  feeder.  Tlie  soil  cannot 
be  too  deeply  worked,  although  the  sour 
subsoil  must  never  be  brought  to  the 
surface,  for  neither  Peas  nor  any  other 
crop  will  grow  satisfactorily  in  it.  The 
subsoil  should  be  dug  up  and  left  at  the 
bottom  of  the  trench.  It  is  a  mistake 
to  bury  the  manure  in  a  thick  layer. 
By  all  means  apply  well  dfcayed  manure, 
but  let  it  be  incorporated  with  the  soil 
as  the  ground  is  turned  over.  The  multi- 
plicity of  varieties  serve  only  to  confust 
rather  than  to  help  in  the  making  of  a 
selection.  For  an  early  gathering  on  a 
sheltered  sunny  border  Pilot  is  one  of  the 
very  best.  For  a  succession,  Duke  of 
Albany,  Quite  Content,  Gradus  and  Dis- 
covery are  reliable ;  while  Rearguard. 
Gladstone  and  Autocrat  are  hard  to  beat 
as  late  \'arieties. 

A  New  MaincrQP  Pea. — The  illustration 
on  the  front  cover  of  this  issue  depicts  the 
new  maincrop  Pea  King  George,  sent  out  by 
Messrs.  Webb  and  Sons.  It  is  a  prolific 
cropper,  attains  five  feet,  and  is  equally 
suitable  either  for  exhibition  purposes  or 
for  the  table.  The  pods  are  large,  well 
filled  and  dark  green  in  colour. 

An  Earlv  Potato  of  Good  Repute.— Tho 
varieties  of  first  early  Potatoes  are  now  so 
numerous  that  one  finds  difficulty  in  making 
a  choice.  The  variety  Sutton's  May  Queen 
can  safely  be  recommended.  This  Potato 
still  maintains  Us  reputation  for  earliness 
It  is  unusually  prolific,  as  may  be  judgcil 
from  the  accompanying  illustration  in 
the  Oakfield  Gardens,  Mortimer.  It 
is    adapted    for    early    borders    or     small 


gardens  or  for  forcing  in  frames  Although  an 
early  variety  in  the  true  sense.  May  Queen  has 
the  merit  of  keeping  w'ell. 

Some  More  Early  Openings. — I  hear  from 
Mr.  Jones  of  Invermore,  Woking,  that  he  had 
Narcissus  cyclamincus  in  flower  in  the  open  on 
January  25.       Mr.   Hawker  at  Ivy  Bridge.   South 


Devon,  had  minunus,  obvallaris,  Cyrary  and 
pallidus  pra?cox  in  flower  on  February  6  and 
cyclamineus  and  Golden  Spur  about  ten  days 
before  that  date  — J.   Jacob. 

Mr.     James     Coey. — Many     readers     of     The 
Garden    will    be    very   sorry    to    hear    that    Mr. 
James  Coey,  who  is  the  proprietor  of  the  Donard 
Nursery    Company,     Ireland,     and   is   well 
,         known     for    bis    exhibits    of    rare    shrubs 
and    finely-grown    Daftodils.     is    lying    ex- 
ceedingly   iU    at    his    home  near  Larne. 

Grafting  Rhododendrons. — The  widely 
increasing  interest  now  being  taken  in  the 
cultivation  of  Rhododendrons  suggests  a 
seasonable  note  on  the  preparation  of  stocks 
for  grafting.  While  this  method  of  propa- 
gation is  not  desirable  when  seeds,  cuttings 
or  layers  are  available,  it  is  a  necessity 
for  the  extensive  propagation  of  the  many 
beautiful  large-leaved  evergreen  hybrids, 
and  also  some  of  the  newer  Chinese  species, 
which  take  so  long  to  reach  the  flowering 
stage  from  seeds,  and  which  cannot  be 
conveniently  layered  in  quantity.  The  most 
generally  used  stock  for  grafting  is  R. 
ponticum.  .A.s  a  very  much  larger  percentage 
of  successes  result  from  grafting  under 
glass,  the  young  plants  should  be  potted 
up  now  to  get  them  fairly  well  established 
ready  for  grafting  in  early  spring.  The 
stems  should  be  the  size  of  or  rather 
smaller  than  a  pencil,  .^.fter  potting,  place 
the  young  plants  for  a  time  in  a  cold 
frame,  moving  to  a  heated  propagating- 
case  ten  days  or  a  fortnight  before  grafting. 


HEAVY     CROP     OF     MAY     QUEEN     POTATO     IN     A 
BERKSHIRE     GARDEN. 


FORTHCOMING   EVENTS. 

February  22.  —  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  Fortnightly  Meeting  at  West- 
minster. Lecture  by  Mr.  \'ivian  P.  Davis, 
at  3  pm,  on  "Beautiful  Gardens' 
(coloured  slide  illustrations). 

February  23. — Irish  Gardeners'  Associa- 
tion Meeting. 


86 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  19,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


THE    MILD    SEASON. 

DEADING  the  correspondence  on  this  subject  in 
The  Garden,  February  5,  page  62,  it  occurs 
to  me  that  it  may  be  of  interest  to  mention  that 
I  have  on  my  table  to-day  a  fully  developed  bloom 
of  a  Camellia  gathered  yesterday  (February  3)  in 
a  garden  on  the  outskirts  of  Norwich.  So  early  a 
bloom  of  this  shrub  in  the  open  air  may  not  be 
unusual  in  the  Southern  Counties,  but  is  probably 
somewhat  rare  in  this  locality. — Wilfrid  Tilleit, 
Norwich. 

A  WRITER  in  a  local  paper  says  that  the  open 
weather  in  Aberdeen  is  bringing  on  plants 
much  before  their  usual  time.  The  yellow  Jasmine 
has  been  in  bloom  for  weeks  and  quite  early  in 
January  he  saw  Pyrus  japonica  in  full  flower 
against  a  brick  wall.  Crocuses  were  in  evidence  in 
January,  and  a  friend  showed  him  a  big  bunch  of 
lovely  Daphne  Mezercum  plucked  in  a  Queen's 
terrace  garden. — J.  G.  W.,  Bantj^>'ire. 

A    HYBRID    CLEMATIS. 

TN  The  Garden  of  JanuaryTaa,  page  42,  Mr. 
W.  E.  Arnold-Forster  asks  whether  the  hybrid 
between  Clematis  Vitalba  and  C.  Davidiana, 
illustrated  in  The  Garden-  of  January  S,  page  17, 
is  in  commerce.  It  can  be  obtained  from  most 
good  class  nurserymen,  who  generally  catalogue 
it  under  the  name  of  C.  grata,  although  its  correct 
name  is  Clematis  Jouiniana,  the  true  C.  grata 
being  a  native  of  the  Himalayas  and  China,  with 
flowers  of  a  yellowish  white,  and  very  rarely  met 
with  in  cultivation.  C.  Jouiniana,  the  plant 
illustrated,  is  a  very  attractive  plant,  flowering 
freely  from  August  till  October.  On  the  same 
page  is  an  interesting  note  on  Winter-flowering 
Clematis.  Another  that  should  be  included  among 
those  mentioned  is  C.  indivisa  lobata,  native  of 
New  Zealand,  and  although  perhaps  not  hardy, 
it  is  an  ideal  plant  for  the  roof  of  a  cool  green- 
house. A  plant  in  the  conservatory  at  the 
Botanical  Garden,  Cambridge,  is  looking  very 
effective  at  the  present  time  with  its  clusters  of 
white  Anemone-like  flowers,  and  as  chere  are  very 
few  climbers  flowering  at  this  season  of  the  year, 
it  is  a  most  desirable  plant. — F.  G.  Preston. 

TRAINING    OF    PEACHES. 

JN  The  Garden  of  January  i  a  reader  tells  of  a 
new  idea  he  had  seen  in  regard  to  the  above 
subject,  but  a  system  of  training,  very  much 
like  the  one  spoken  of,  came  under  my  notice 
some  years  ago,  at  Terregles  Gardens,  Dumfries, 
the  trellis  in  this  instance  being  semicircular  in 
shape.  This  Peach  House  was  part  of  a  range  of 
glasshouses,  which  was  spoken  of  as  being  one  of 
the  oldest  in  Scotland,  and  this  was  brought  home 
to  me  very  forcibly  during  cleaning  operations,  as 
the  panes  of  glass  were  very  small,  thus  causing 
a  great  amount  of  extra  labour.  The  trees 
mentioned  did  not  do  very  well ;  but  this  was  no 
doubt  owing  to  old  age  and  exhaustion  rather 
than  the  result  of  the  peculiar  system  of  training 
practised.  The  height  of  the  trellis  was  about 
5  feet,  if  I  remember  rightly,  therefore  it  did  not 
interfere  in  the  least  with  the  trees  on  the  wall  at 
the  back  of  the  house.  I  may  add  that  the 
vineries  in  this  same  range  were  rather  unique  in 
the  way  of  construction  inside,  no  doubt  with  the 
same  end  in  view,  the  taking  advantage  of  all 
possible  space.  The  border  at  the  front  of  the 
house  wherein  the  vines  were  planted  wordd  be 
about  2  feet  to  3  feet  in  width,  with  a  retaining 
wall  and  flagged  pathway  along  the  front  and  at 


either  end,  level  with  the  foundation  or  floor  of 
border.  Stone  steps  led  up  to  the  pathway  at  the 
back  of  the  house,  which  extended  from  end  to 
end  of  the  range  as  in  the  more  modern  fruit 
ranges.  A  substantial  stone  staging  filled  the 
centre  of  the  house,  very  probably  for  the  pui"pose  of 
growing  Ferns  orother  shade-loving  plants  thereon. 
At  that  time  it  was  utilised  for  the  housing  of 
such  subjects  as  late  flowering  Chrysanthemums  in 
the  autumn.  Terregles  has  recently  been  acquired 
by  the  Board  of  Agriculture  for  the  training  of 
ex-service  men. — J.  S.,  Dumbartonshire. 

TULIPA    CLUSIANA   AND    ACACIAS. 

^pULIPA    CLUSI.ANA     is     a     very    handsome 

species,  growing  about  18  inches  or  20  inches 

high  ;     the  leaves  are  long  and  narrow  and  the 

flowers   are   crimson   and   white   with   a    purplish 


THE  D.\INTY  LADY  TULIP  (T.  CLUSIAN.4). 

crimson  base.  I  imported  it  from  Messrs.  Barr 
and  Sons  at  the  same  time  as  T.  saxatilis,  and 
although  it  does  fairly  well  with  me,  it  is  not  nearly 
so  vigorous  as  the  latter  plant.  It  flowers  about  the 
end  of  September  or  beginning  of  October.  Acacia 
longifolia  is  one  of  the  most  distinct  of  the  genus 
and  is  a  most  beautiful  sight  when  the  tree  is  in 
full  bloom  and  has  not  been  disfigured  by  frost. 
Flowers  in  September.  Another  distinct  species. 
Acacia  cultriformis,  the  Knife-leaved  Wattle,  is 
very  hardy,  not  so  susceptible  to  frost  as  Acacia 
longifolia,  and  flowers  in  the  beginning  of  October. — 
F.  FoY,  Lanccficid,  Victoria.  .Avsiralia. 

THE    SWEET    WILLIAM    CATCHFLY. 

AS  annuals  seem  to  be  coming  into  their  own 
again,  I  would  fain  mention  the  Sweet  William 
Catchfly,  or  Silene  Armeria,  as  worthy  of  a 
prominent  position  in  the  garden  for  its  bright 
pink  colour  and  the  sprightly  habit  of  the  plant. 
The  flowers  are  produced  in  flat-topped  fascicles 
at  the  apex  of  the  stem  and  branches,  similar  to 
those  of  the  Sweet  William,  without  the  basal 
tufts  of  leaves,  as  it  is  an  annual.  I  have  seen  it 
become  popular  in  a  garden  for  making    dinner 


table  nosegays,  along  with  Nycterinia  selaginoides 
(mentioned  on  page  54),  Mignonette  and  Sweet 
Peas.  When  thinned  to  4  inches  apart,  it  grows 
6  inches  to  12  inches  high,  according  to  the  fertility 
of  the  s6il,  and  is  a  cheerful-looking  plant  of  the 
easiest  cultivation.  Although  a  native  of  the 
Continent,  it  has  become  naturalised  in  some 
parts  of  England.  I  have  seen  it  so  growing  in 
copswood  in  Kent,  where  the  trees  had  been 
stoolcd  some  years  previously.  The  front  of 
borders,  rock  gardens  and  small  beds  are  the  best 
places  for  it. — Hortulanus. 

A    YEW    TREE. 

TN  a  small  wood  near  Castleford,  the  residence 
of  W.  R.  Lysaght,  Esq.,  is  a  specimen  of  the 
common  Yew  that  has  often  attracted  my  attention, 
and,  in  consequence,  a  few  days  ago  I  took  various 
measurements,  partly  out  of  curiosity  and  partly 
to  ascertain  how  it  compared  with  other  specimens 
in  Great  Britain.  The  base  of  the  trunk  is  14  feet 
in  circumference  ;  5  feet  from  the  base,  12  feet 
in  circumference.  Twenty-seven  fairly  large 
branches  radiate  from  the  trunk  6  feet  above  the 
ground  level,  giving  a  spread  of  19  feet  from  the 
trimk  in  all  directions.  The  approximate  height 
is  35  feet.  The  common  Yew  thrives  in  this 
district  and  is  reminiscent  of  the  bow  and  arrow 
period. — T.  W.  Briscoe,  Chepstow,  Glcs. 

QUALITY   IN   COOKING   APPLES. 

T^HE  thorny  question  as  to  whether  an  Apple, 
if  not  good  to  cat  raw,  is  not  good  cooked, 
1  will  not  pursue  with  Mr.  Farmer  (page  40),  but 
I  am  quite  sure  many  will  differ  from  him  when 
he  says  "  that  there  is  not  a  finer  cooking  Apple 
in  existence  than  Blenheim  Orange."  I  am  glad 
to  see  in  the  same  article  bow  well  Mr.  Farmer 
speaks  of  Gravenstein,  for  this  is  certainly  an  Apple 
of  excellent  quality,  but  there  are  better  croppers 
from  what  I  know  of  it.  As  stated  by  "  H.  C." 
(January  8),  Ellison's  Orange  is  good  and  will 
undoubtedly  come  to  the  fore.  Another  Apple 
he  mentions.  Miller's  Seedling,  is  one  of  the  best 
early  Apples  I  know.  It  does  splendidly  in  the 
orchards  of  Berkshire,  but,  like  the  writer,  I 
have  seldom  heard  of  it  outside  that  county. 
— H.  T..  Guildford. 

SHOW   VEGETABLES. 

AT  last,  at  long  last,  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  is  taking  a  practical  step  which  I 
have  urged  for  a  considerable  number  of  years 
now.  In  the  new  Book  of  Arrangements  for  1021 
I  read  with  delight  that  "  it  has  been  decided  to 
encourage  at  all  future  shows  the  exhibition  of 
those  tender,  shapely  specimens  of  moderate  size 
which  chefs  and  cooks  rightly  prefer  to  the 
monstrosities  which  often  appear  on  the  show 
table."  And,  may  I  add,  not  only  chefs  and  cooks, 
but  discriminating  people  who  have  the  eating 
of  those  things  when  cooked.  The  above  hint 
to  judges  is  in  any  case,  an  excellent  one,  and 
although  the  galled  jade  may  wince,  I  feel  sure 
that  the  withers  of  my  good  friend,  Mr.  E.  Beckett, 
will  remain  unwrung. — F.   Herbert  Chapman. 

THE    COLOURS    OF    E.\RLY    SPRING 

FLOWERS. 

"  TT  is  an  interesting  fact  to  note  that  the  colours 
of  the  great  majority  of  our  early  spring  flowers 
are  either  white  or  yellow.  To  mention  only  a 
few,  we  may  include  among  the  whites  such  flowers 
as  the  Snowdrop, '  Wood  Anemone,  Wood  Sorrel, 
Daisy,  Shepherd's  Purse,  Blackthorn  and  wild 
Cherry.  Yellow  spring  flowers  include  the  wild 
Primrose,  Cowslip,  Crowsfoot,  Dandelion,  Daflodil, 
yellow     Rocket,   Celandine     and     Coltsfoot.       No 


February  19,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


87 


satisfactoiy  reason  has  been  given  for  the  modest 
colours  characteristic  of  early  spring  flowers. 
Perhaps  some  reader  can  suggest  a  solution."  So 
writes  "W.  A.  J.  D."  in  a  Scottish  newspaper. 
Can  any  reader  of  The  Garden  enlighten  him  ? — ■ 
J.  G.  W. 

A    SIMPLE    GARDEN    MOUSE    TRAP. 

"TpWO  bricks,  a  short  length  of  wire,  a  small  piece 

of  cheese,  and  one  can  almost  be  certain  of  the 

small  rodent  falling  a  victim  once  it  gets  within 


THE    GROWING    AND    FORCING    OF 

SEAKALE 

By  follozving  these  Instructions  even  the  Novice  will  meet  with  Success 


A    MOUSE    TRAP    EASILY    MALI,. 

scent  of  the  bait.  The  accompanying  illustration 
pictures  the  use  of  this  simple  device,  and  it  is  a 
wonder  it  is  not  more  frequently  found  in  gardens 
where  mice  play  havoc,  as  it  is  one  of  the  surest 
traps  that  can  be  used.  One  of  its  biggest  advan- 
tages, too,  is  the  fact  that  it  is  not  a  trap  that  one 
finds  disappears  as  do  the  smaller  spring  traps  ; 
for  how  often  one  man  sets  a  portable  trap  on  the 
ground  under  his  charge,  only  to  find  in  a  day  or 
two  another,  and  generally  undiscoverable,  man 
has  "  bagged "  it,  or,  in  other  words,  borrowed 
it  for  his  charge  without  first  asking  the  consent 
of  the  first  man.  These  "  borrowers "  do  not 
feel  so  inclined  to  walk  off  with  a  couple  of  bricks, 
so  this  form  of  trap  is  much  more  safe  from 
this  point  of  view.  A  little  practice  soon  gives 
one  the  knack  of  setting  the  trap  so  that  it  works 
rapidly  and  efficiently  and  closes  properly. — E.  B. 

FORCING    DANDELION    AS    A    WINTER 
SALAD. 

CEEDS    of    this  simply   grown  plant,   of    great 
value  for  winter  salads,  may  be  sown  at  any  time 
during    the    spring    or   summer    months.      Plants 
resulting  from  early  sowings   will  produce  larger 
roots   and   eventually  larger    heads   when   forced. 
An   open   site  is  best,  though  almost  any  site  will 
answer  the  purpose,  but  deep,   well  manured  soil 
will  produce   the   best   results.     Seeds   should  be 
sown   in    drills   15  inches    apart    and    the    seed- 
lings    thinned     out,     when     large     enough,      to 
10  inches  apart.     Nothing  is  necessary  during  the 
summer  months  but  to  stir  the  surface  to  eradicate 
weeds  and  conserve  moisture.    All  flowers  should  ho 
removed    immediately    they    appear.     The    roots 
should  not  be  lifted  until  growth  is  complete  and 
will  force  better  if  allowed  to  remain  exposed  to 
the  elements  for  a  fortnight,  when  they  should  be 
packed  into  pots  or  boxes  filled  with  fine  soil  and 
placed  in  any  dark  structure  with  a  temperature 
of  from  50°  to  5,5°  at  night.    A  tube  of  paper  about 
2  inches  in  diameter  should  be  placed  over  each 
crown    to    encourage    upright    growth,    otherwise 
much  of  it  may  be  recumbent  and  unmanageable. 
The    Danddipn    shown    by    Messrs.    Sutton    and 
Sons  recently  was  forced  in  this  way.     It  is  of  the 
utmost   importance  to  see  that  the  site  previously 
occupied   by  Dandelions  is  thoroughly  cleared  of 
roots,  otherwise  a  plant  primarily  grown  for  utility 
may  become  a  serious  pest. — S 


SE.-VKAI^E  (Crambe  maritima)  is  a  perennial 
plant  of  the  Crucifera?  Natural  Order,  and 
a  native  of  Europe,  including  Britain.  It 
is  an  excellent  vegetable.  Many  people 
consider  it  superior  to  Asparagus, 
although  there  is  really  no  comparison  between 
the  two. 

Soil. — The  soil  that  suits  the  plant  best  is  a 
good  strong  loam,  fully  exposed  to  the  sun.  A 
good  substantial  loam  needs  no  manure  when 
the  crop  is  planted,  but  any  less  fertile  soil  will 
require  manuring,  and  for  this  purpose  there  is 
nothing  better  than  good  rich  stable  manure. 
Seakale  can  be  grown  on  all  decent,  well-tilled 
soils. 

Growing  from  Roots. — ^The  best  way  of  making 
a  start  is  by  planting  well  grown  roots.  These 
are  not  difficult  to  handle  or  to  procure,  and  are 
not  very  susceptible  to  a  little  exposure. 

Raising  Plants  from  Seeds. — This  is  an  easy 
and  simple  method  of  procuring  plants,  but  there 
is  a  loss  of  a  year  in  obtaining  a  crop,  for  which 
reason  it  is  better  to  make  a  start  with  roots. 
The  seeds  are  sown  in  March  on  a  nursery  bed  in 
rows  a  foot  apart.  The  plants  are  thinned  to 
6  inches  from  plant  to  plant,  kept  free  from  weeds 
and  finally  transplanted  to  permanent  quarters 
the  following  February  or  March.  Or  the  seed  may 
be  sown  on  the  ground  that  is  to  form  a  permanent 
bed.  This  is  done  by  drawing  drills  i  inch  deep 
and  2^  feet  apart,  a  few  seeds  being  dropped  in 
the  rows  at  intervals  of  2  feet.  Cover  the  drills 
with  nice  soil  and  when  the  young  plants  have  come 
up,  thin  them  out  by  removing  the  weaker,  leaving 
one,  and  that  the  strongest  at  each  station.  The 
plants  grow  rapidly  and  should  be  thinned  early. 
Thus  a  permanent  bed  is  formed  from  seed  without 
transplanting. 

Preparing  the  Soil. — ^As  the  plants  require 
considerable  space  in  which  to  thrive,  dig  two 
spits  deep  in  the  autumn,  and  put  manure  between 
the  spits  unless  the  soil  is  composed  of  good  loam, 
when  manuring  at  this  stage  may  not  be  necessary. 
.\  4  foot  bed  will  carry  one  row  along  the  centre. 


FORCED     IN     A     FORTNIGHT. 


or  a  ro  foot  bed  may  be  worked  off  with  a  3  foot 
path  on  each  side.  This  will  carry  three  rows 
2i  feet  apart 

Preparing  the  Roots. — The  extreme  ends  of  the 
roots  are  used.  They  are  severed  from  the  thick 
part  of  the  main  root  by  a  straight  cut,  the  lower 
or  narrow  end  being  cut  slantwise.  These  cuttings 
are  called  thongs  ;  they  may  show  no  bud,  but 
that  does  not  matter.  Buds  will  soon  form  round 
the  end  of  the  upper  edge  when  planted.  Cuttings 
can  be  kept  stored  in  moist  earth  or  sand  if  neces- 
sary. Referring  again  to  the  matter  of  buds.  If 
any  show  on  the  thongs  before  planting,  they 
should  be  pared  off,  otherwise  flowering  shoots, 
which  are  detrimental  to  the  crop,  will  be 
formed. 

Planting  Roots. — Having  marked  off  the  beds 
and  thoroughly  prepared  the  soU,  proceed  to  lay 
down  the  line  2i  feet  from  the  outside  and  dig 
out  a  trench  i  foot  deep  ;  set  the  roots  2  feet  apart 
and  cover.  The  crown  should  be  about  2  inches 
below  the  surface.  Rows  should  never  be  nearer 
together  than  2J  feet. 

Fertilisers.^ — in  addition  to  the  farmyard 
manures,  seaweed,  artificials  and  salt  are  good  for 
the  crop.  Guano  at  the  rate  of  1  lb.  per  square 
yard,  applied  in  May  or  June,  is  most  helpful. 
An  ounce  of  nitrate  of  soda  or  a  handful  or  two 
of  salt  per  square  yard  are  highly  beneficial. 
Those  living  near  the  coast  will  do  well  to  use 
seaweed 

Forcing. — -Forcing  Seakale  is  a  very  easy  matter, 
and  one  on  which  the  novice  may  try  his  hand 
before  attempting  greater  things.  Perfect  dark- 
ness is  absolutely  essential  and  the  temperature 
should  never  be  allowed  to  exceed  60°  at  any  time, 
otherwise  a  thin,  lean,  wiry  product  is  the  result. 
A  temperature  of  45°  is  enough  to  start  with, 
rising  gradually  to  not  more  than  55°.  Provided 
the  heat  is  not  too  great,  any  pit  or  odd  place  can 
be  used,  and  a  warm  cellar  is  particularly  serviceable. 
The  roots  are  packed  in  mould,  leaves  or  half- 
decayed  manure.  After  planting,  a  good  supply  of 
water  is  given  and  the  boxes  or  receptacles  contain- 
ing the  roots  are  placed  in  the  required  heat.  Roots 
may  be  planted  in  pots  or  boxes  and  covered  with 
another  box  or  pot.  Plants  may  be  forced  in  the 
greenhouse. .  Slow  forcing  can  be  obtained  out-of- 
doors  by  covermg  with  flower  pots  or  leaves.  1 1  is 
said  to  be  a  good  plan  to  let  the  plants  feel  the  cold 
before  covering  for  forcing  outdoors.  Blanching 
late  in  the  spring  may  be  obtained  by  covering 
with  pots.  Plantations  forced  in  the  ground  will 
last  many  years  provided  the  old  stems  are  cut 
down  and  the  young  shoots  thinned  properly. 

General  Notes. — Seedlings  forming  the  perman- 
ent bed  must  have  the  soil  removed  from  the  crown 
early  in  March  and  all  the  shoots  that  subsequently 
follow  must  be  rubbed  off  except  one.  Light 
manurial  dressings  during  summer  of  liquid 
manure,  soot,  salt  or  guano  help  to  form  strong 
plants.  Radishes  and  Lettuce  may  be  grown 
between  the  rows  of  seedlings  during  the  first 
season  so  long  as  the  ground  is  not  impoverished 
thereby.  At  the  end  of  the  season  clear  off  decayed 
leaves.  A  bed  of  Seakale  for  ordinary  purposes 
shotild  last  five  to  seven  years.  It  is  not  as  a  rule 
wise  to  keep  a  bed  longer.  The  shoots  of  Seakale 
are  ready  when  6  inches  high.  Cut  with  half  an 
inch  of  the  stem  base  attached.  Plants  that  have 
been  covered  should  be  given  a  little  light  when 
the  shoots  have  been  removed.   L.  M.  Marshall. 


88 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   19,   1921. 


RAISING  EARLY  TOMATOES 

How  to  Manage  the   Tender   Seedlings   Through 
a  Critical  Stage  in  Life 


THE    SEEDLINGS    ARE    PRICKED    OFF    I J   INCHES   APART    IN"    BOXES. 


READY    FOR    THEIR    FIRST    POTTING. 


WHERE  a  temperature  of  65"  can 
be  maintained  in  the  greenhouse 
during  cold  winter  weather,  seed 
for  an  early  supply  of  Tomatoes 
may  be  sown  at  once.  .Assuming 
that  a  dozen  or  two  plants  will  suffice  for  this 
purpose,  a  couple  of  5-inch  pots  would  answer 
very  well  as  seed  pans,  A  few  broken  crocks 
and  a  little  fibrous  material,  such  as  the  coarse 
sittings  from  leaf-mould,  would  make  a  suitable 
drainage ;  and  finely  sifted  leaf-mould  in  a 
thoroughly  decayed  condition,  made  porous  with 
a  free  admixture  of  silver  sand,  is  an  excellent 
compost  for  raising  strong,  vigorous  seedlings. 
Let  the  pots  be  filled  to  within  about  half  an 
inch  of  their  rims  with  the  fine  soil,  press  moder- 
ately firm  and  make  the  surface  perfectly  even. 
The  seed  should  be  sown  evenly  and  thinly  over 
the  surface  and  covered  to  the  depth  of  about 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  with  the  line  soil.  Water 
with  tepid  water  through  a  fine  rose,  cover  with 
a  sheet  of  clean  glass,  and  place  in  the  warmest 
part  of  the  house.  In  about  seven  days  the 
seedlings  will  be  through  the  soil.  The  pots 
should  then  be  placed  in  the  lightest  position 
possible,  the  glass  covering  raised,  and  entirely 
removed  as  soon  as  the  seedlings  stand  erect. 

From  now  until  their  rough  or  proper  lea\'es 
appear  is  a  critical  stage  in  the  life  of  these  tender 
seedlings.  The  slightest  error  in  their  manage- 
ment at  this  period  is  likely  to  prove  fatal  to  the 
stock.  A  temperature  falling  below  50°  during 
a  spell  of  severe  weather  proves  a  severe  check, 
and  if  prolonged  will  end  in  the  damping-off  of 
the  seedlings ;  a  close,  stagnant  atmosphere, 
caused  through  insufficient  ventilation,  or  a 
draughty  position  near  open  ventilators,  will 
likewise  end  in  failure  and  disappointment. 
Important  points  to  observe  are  that  an  even 
temperature  round  about  65°  should  be  main- 
tained ;  a  wholesome,  buoyant  atmosphere  pre- 
served by  the  judicious  admission  of  air  on  all 
favom-able  opportunities,  particularly  during  sunny 
and  mild  periods  :  and  even  on  cold,  wet  days 
the  ■  ventilators  should  be  slightly  raised  for  an 
hour  or  two  to  admit  a  change  of  air  within  the 
house.  It  is  important,  however,  that  the  position 
of  the  seedlings  should  be  at  a  sufficient  distance 
from  the  ventilators  to  ensure  their  freedom  from 
draught. 

The  seedlings  must  be  pricked  off  early,  into 
boxes,  as  illustrated,  or  small  pots  filled  with 
light,  rich  soil,  similar  in  nature  to  that  advised 
above  for  sowing,  but   with    a    small    proportion 


of  light  loam  or  sandy  garden  soil  added.  Cive 
sufficient  water  to  thoroughly  moisten  the 
whole  of  the  soil  in  each  pot  at  least  once  a 
week,  and  water  the  surface  every  two  or  three 
days,  if  necessary.  When  these  small  pots 
are  filled  with  roots  and  the  plants  have  grown 
into  strong  sturdy  specimens,  they  may  be  potted 
on  into  6- inch  or  7- inch  pots.  The  soil  for  this 
purpose  need  not  be  passed  through  a  sieve  or 
riddle  ;  simply  break  up  the  rougher  portions  with 
the  hands  and  throw  out  pieces  of  stick  and 
stones  from  the  leaf- mould.  Equal  portions  of 
leaf-mould,  light  fibrous  loam,  and  one-sixth  part 
of  thoroughly  decayed  hotbed,  or  last  year's 
stable  manure,  with  a  fair  proportion  of  silver 
sand  makes  a  good  compost  for  this  and  for  the 
final  potting. 

Hardening. — The  plants  should  be  staked 
early  to  prevent  their  falling  over  and  becoming 
weak  in  the  stem.  When  they  have  attained  a 
height  of  about  15  inches  they  may  be  gradually 
inured  to  the  following  hardening  process,  which 
leads  to  greater  productiveness :  Stand  the  plants 
weU  apart  on  a  bench  or  stage  where  they  are 
exposed  to  the  light  on  every  side.  For  at  least 
three   hours   in    the   middle   of    the   da"V   let    them 


TOMATO     SEEDLINGS     READY     TO     BE 

PRICKED     OFF. 

The  seed  in  this  instance  was  sown  loo  thickly. 


endure  exposure  to  fresh  air,  excepting  when  an 
east  or  north-east  wind  prevails.  Keep  the 
atmosphere  of  the  house  as  dry  as  possible,  and 
allow  the  plants  about  once  in  ten  days  to  become 
so  dry  at  root  that  their  leaves  actually  commence 
to  droop  when  the  sun  has  been  shining  on  them 
brightly  for  a  few  hours.  This  renders  the  plants 
"  hard,"  and  tends  to  greater  fruitfulness,  but 
care  must  be  taken  not  to  carry  the  practice  to 
excess.  Shortly  after  they  show  signs  of  distress 
let  the  soil  be  subjected  to  a  thorough  soaking 
with  water  of  the  same  temperature  as  that  of 
the  house,  and  withhold  any  further  supply  until 
the  need  becomes  apparent  by  the  points  of  their 
leaves  commencing  to  droop  ;  but  when  fruit  is 
setting  and  sweULng  rapidly  this  practice  must 
be  discontinued  and  the  plants  never  allowed  to 
suffer  through  lack  of  water. 

.\s  soon  as  the  flowers  commence  to  open,  see 
that  they  are  properly  fertilised  by  subjecting  the 
stake  to  which  the  plant  stem  is  tied  to  a  sharp 
rap  with  a  cane,  as  near  to  the  flower-truss  as 
possible.  Providing  the  pollen  is  perfectly  dry, 
this  serves  to  dislodge  and  to  disperse  it  like  a 
cloud  of  golden  dust,  thus  producing  a  perfect 
•'  set."  This  work  should  be  performed  as  near 
to  the  middle  of  the  day  as  possible  and  is  only 
effectual  after  the  house  has  been  open  an  hour 
or  more,  so  that  the  flowers  are  quite  dry. 

When  several  fruits  are  set  on  the  first  truss 
the  plants  may  be  planted  in  their  final  quarters. 
If  thoy  are  to  be  fruited  in  pots,  those  of  i^  inches 
in  diameter  are  very  suitable.  In  the  final  potting 
the  soil  should  be  made  quite  firm  about  the  roots, 
and,  to  allow  for  watering  and  top-dressing,  the 
pots  should  not  be  quite  filled,  a  space  of  at  least 
2  inches  being  left  beneath  the  rim  of  the  pots. 

Feeding. — .\fter  the  pots  have  become  filled 
with  roots  and  the  fruits  are  setting  and  swellmg 
freely,  feeding  wdl  be  beneficial.  Where  obtain- 
able, the  drainings  from  stables  or  cow-houses 
may  be  diluted,  one  part  manure  to  two  parts 
water,  and  given  twice  a  week.  After  a  few 
weeks  the  strength  of  the  manure  and  the  fre- 
quency of  the  applications  to  the  roots  may  be 
gradually  increased  until  the  manure  is  used  in  a 
"  neat  "  condition  and  at  every  alternate  watering. 
Where  manure  of  the  above  description  is  not  at 
command  one  or  more  of  the  advertised  manures 
may  be  used  to  good  effect.  Clay's  Fertilizer  is 
a  splendid  '  feeder"  for  Tomatoes.  Fowl-manure 
mixed  with  twice  its  bulk  of  fine,  dry  sandy  soil 
makes  an  excellent  top-dressing  for  the  surface 
of     the    pots      To    obtain    extraordinary    results 


February  19,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


89 


from  Tomatoes  in  pots  place  slates  or  iron  sheets 
on  the  staging  occupied  by  the  Tomatoes.  On 
these  coverings  place  an  inch  or  two  depth  of 
thoroughly  decayed  manure  and  soil.  The  pots 
placed  on  this  material  will  speedily  result  in 
many  roots  traversing  through  the  holes  in  the 
bottom  and  feeding  greedily  on  the  new-found 
store  of  food,  and  a  remarkable  improvement  in  the 
size  of  the  fruit  is  the  result.  Additions  of  fresh 
soil  and  manure  may  be  applied  in  this  locality 
from  time  to  time  throughout  the  summer. 

Training. — To  obtain  the  earliest  and  finest 
fruit  careful  attention  must  be  given  in  training 
the  plants  to  a  single  stem.  To  this  end  every 
side  shoot  should  be  pinched  out  as  scon  as  it 
can  be  handled,  but  the  main,  or  leading,  shoot 
must  be  carefully  preserved  and  tied  securely 
to  a  strong  stake  or  to  the  wire  or  trellis  work 
up  which  the  plants  are  to  be  trained,  until  four 
or  five  trusses  of  fruit  are  set,  when,  in  order  to 
procure  more  rapid  swelling  and  ripening  of  the 
earliest  trusses,  the  growing  point  may  be  headed 
back,  thus  suddenly  throwing  the  whole  energy 
of  the  plants  into  the  fruit  A  second  growth, 
breaking  out  in  the  course  of  a  week  or  two,  may 
be  trained  up  in  place  of  the  first,  to  bear  a  later 
crop  of  fruit. 

Lawnswood,  Handsworllt.  D.    Jefferi^, 


cold  locality  moderate  crops  are  obtained  by 
putting  strong  plants  out  in  June  against  a  warni 
wall.  .An  enthusiastic  amateur  picked  ripe 
Tomatoes  on  October  29  last  year.  He  took  great 
pains    to    cover    the    plants    with    strong    canvas 


both  at  the  beginning  and  end  of  the  season 
whenever  there  was  the  least  sign  of  frost.  The 
varieties  were  Kondine  Red  and  Sunrise,  which  for 
outdoor  planting  cannot  easily  be  beaten. 

Banffshire.  John  G.  White. 


TOMATO    TRIALS    IN 
THE    OPEN 

And  the  Lessons   they  Teach 

TOM.\TOES  produced  a  poor  crop  last 
season  compared  with  the  bumper  one 
of  the  preceding  year.  The  North  was 
not  peculiar  in  this  respect,  for  from  a 
letter  received  from  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  famous  growers  in  Ayrshire  I  learn  that 
he  experienced  the  worst  season  on  record,  owing 
to  the  lack  of  sunshine.  The  best  month  of  the 
year  was  October,  when  the  plant-world  was 
preparing  for  its  winter  sleep.  Here  in  the 
North  of  Scotland  it  is  our  invariable  custom 
•to  sow  a  few  seeds  directly  the  New  Year 
is  ushered  in.  The  following  varieties  were 
tried :  Kondine  Red,  Ailsa  Craig,  Merrivale, 
Sunrise  and  Balch's  Gem.  The  first  three 
received  an  award  of  merit  from  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  after  being  grown  at  Wisley. 
They  are  all  first-rate.  The  plants  were  put  into 
their  fruiting  quarters  the  second  week  in  March, 
■which  was  a  fortnight  earlier  than  usual.  The 
soil  employed  was  a  nii.xture  of  good  turfy  loam, 
-well  decayed  manure,  leaf-moukl,  sand,  lime  and 
an  abundance  of  charcoal.  The  house  they  grew 
in  is  an  ideal  one,  with  the  beds  of  soil  i  foot 
■deep.  Progress  was  very  slow  at  first,  as  the 
■weather  was  bitt«rly  cold  and  dull.  The  leaves 
assumed  a  bluish  colour,  which  did  not  disappear 
■until  warmer  conditions  prevailed.  Not  a  trace 
of  disease  was  observed  from  first  to  last.  Air  was 
given  on  every  favourable  occasion.  Kondine 
Red  was  again  the  most  prolific  bearer.  In  its 
early  growth  it  is  apt  to  throw  fasciated  flowers. 
These  should  be  picked  off  when  seen,  otherwis'' 
the  fruits  will  be  badly  shaped.  I  believe  it  is 
the  most  popular  variety  in  Guernsey,  and  a 
friend  writes  me  that  he  has  found  it  the  hea\iest 
cropper  in  the  open  air  in  North  Kent. 

If  anyone_  wishes  to  grow  a  perfectly  fornred 
Tomato,  I  would  strongly  reconunend  Balch's 
Gem.  It  is  a  sturdy  grower,  short-jointed,  and 
the  fiTiit  is  of  medium  size. 

Seeds,  should  be  sown  at  once  if  plants  are 
required  for  growing  in  the  open.     Even  in  this 


CROPPING    THE    KITCHEN    GARDEN 

Rotation  a  Convenience  :    Repetition  a  Necessity 


THE  above  heading,  apparently  definite, 
still  keeps  the  question  open,  "  Rotation 
or  Repetition  in  Vegetable  Growing  ?  " 
and  I  think  a  definite  answer  cannot 
be  given.  A  qualifying  statement  such 
as  "  circumstances  alter  cases  "  also  explains,  but 
does  not  answer.  The  question  opens  up  a  field 
which   has   not   been  fully  surveyed,   yet   at   the 


TOMATO     KONDINE     RED. 

Again  Ihc  most  piolific  cropper  in  open  air   trials. 

present  time  information  on  the  matter  would  be 
useful  in  gardens. 

I  have  faith  in  rotation  cropping  for  the  sake  of 
convenience,  and  not  because  of  soil  exhaustion 
or  poisoning.  I  also  practise  repetition  cropping 
by  force  of  necessity,  chiefly  with  Onions.  The 
facilities  for  working  out  a  system  of  cropping 
arc  not  the  same  in  every  garden  as  contrasted 
by  the  kitchen  garden  of  the  mansion,  the  market 
garden  and  the  allotment  plot  on  a  building  site. 
The  actual  method  adopted  may  be  governed 
by  several  factors  which  vary  in  each  garden. 

1.  The  number  of  kinds  of  vegetable  crops  to  be 
grown  and  the  proportion  of  each  required.  Thus 
on  some  allotments  Potatoes  may  occupy  two-thirds 
of  the  area  and  part  of  the  crop  must  be  a  repeti- 
tion crop  each  year. 

2.  The  actual  condition  of  the  soil  as  to  depth, 
tilth  and  colour  and  the  aspect  of  the  garden  in 
regard  to  exposure,  light  and  shade.  In  some 
cases,  especially  the  smaller  gardens  on  clay  soils, 
there  may  be  only  one  portion  which,   owing  to 


its  open  position  and  friable  soil,  that  can  be  used 
for  Onions.  Because  this  one  part  has  been 
prepared  for  Onions  in  the  past,  it  may  be  better 
than  the  rest  of  the  garden  and  it  is  easier  to  further 
improve  a  soil  that  is  already  partly  improved 
than  to  try  to  improve  a  new  plot  each  season. 

3.  The  fertility  of  the  soil  may  in  some  cases 
be  so  high  that  any  crop  will  grow  upon  it,  and  one 
kind  may  be  repeated  indefinitely  if  the  richness 
can  be  maintained  by  heavy  manuring,  but  in 
most  cases,  and  especially  allotments,  it  is  not  safe 
to  assume  this  high  state  of  fertility. 

4.  The  amount  and  kinds  of  manures  available. 
With  repeated  cropping  and  high  manuring  a 
grower  may  be  actually  producing  his  crops  by  the 
manures  added  annually,  only  using  th?  soil  as  a 
medium  to  hold  the  crop,  manure  and  water. 
With  most  of  us  we  manure  the  soil  and  not  the 
crop  ;  that  is,  we  try  to  make  up  the  deficiencies 
of  the  soil  in  its  power  to  support  the  crop  we 
require.  With  the  supplies  of  potash  rather  short  we 
have  to  rely  largely  on  the  soil  to  supply  this. 

When  growing  vegetables  for  a  balance  on  the 
right  side,  expenses  low,  receipts  higher,  the 
question  of  successional  cropping,  manures, 
condition  of  the  soil  and  crop  required,  act  as  the 
ruling  guide.  So  we  get  rotation  cropping  as  a 
convenience,  as  in  the  case  of  root  crops  and 
Onions  after  Potatoes  we  have  the  soil  brought 
into  excellent  root  crop  condition  by  the  effect  and, 
perhaps,  residue  of  manures  used  for  Potatoes, 
and  the  clean,  well-worked  ground  brought  about 
by  the  culture  and  lifting  of  the  crop. 

Peas  and  Beans  after  Celery  and  Leeks  give  us 
the  same  benefits.  Broccoli  after  Peas  and  Beans, 
without  digging,  give  us  fairly  firm,  rich  soil 
but  not  rankly  manured.  .Autumn-sown  Onions 
and  Turnips  after  Broad  Beans  and  Peas  find 
benefits  which  fit  them  for  the  winter.  Beet  after 
Savoys  find  a  partly  exhausted  soil  which  keeps 
them  on  the  small  and  saleable  size,  and  so  on. 
To  grow  Celery  and  Leeks  after  Brussels  Sprouts 
we  have  a  firm  soil  for  cutting  the  trenches  which  is 
partly  exhausted  and  which  will  be  greatly  im- 
proved by  the  extra  soil  working  and  manuring. 

The  above  examples  are  rotations  of  convenience 
and  advantage  rather  than  necessity.  They 
illustrate  one  crop  following  another  of  a  difl'erent 
kind  fairly  quickly,  either  to  benefit  by  the  previous 
preparation,  or  to  prepare  the  soil  for  the  advantage 
of  the  crop  which  will  follow.  I  do  not  plan 
rotations  on  the  "  natural  order  "  or  the  "  deep 
and  shallow  rooting  "  basis,  as  I  find  my  propor- 
tions of  the  various  crops  are  not  equal. 

A  case  where  rotation  comes  as  a  real  necessity 
is  to  dodg;  "  clubbing "  in  Brassicas  and  also 
the  Turnip  gall  weevil,  and  the  Carrot- root  fly. 

The  reason  and  advantage  of  repetition  cropping 
is  ;  Where  all  conditions  are  equally  good  and  no 
other  plot  is  equally  suitable  ;  and  where  the 
proportion  of  the  crop  or  the  few  classes  of  crops 
grown  necessitate  it.  Repetition  does  not  allow 
quick  successional  cropping,  requires  more  manure, 
encourages  pests  and  diseases  and  may,  therefore, 
be   more  expensive.  A.  D.  T. 

Madryn  Farm  School,  Pwllheli,  North    IVata. 


90 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  ig,  1921. 


The    Earliest    Flowering    Saxifrages 

Treasures   of   the   Alpine   Garden   and  How   to 
Grow    Them 


thin  -  petalled  Gloria  of  to-day.  Collectors, 
importers  and  seedling  raisers  might  remember 
this.  Deserving  of  mention  with  the  more 
distinguished    is    S.    B.    sulphurea,    a   lovely   and 


BE  it  what  it  may^Snowdrop,  Winter 
Aconite,  Coum  Cyclamen  or  Saxifrage — • 
all  are  welcome  to  the  gardener  because 
f  of  their  early  appearing ;  the  more 
precious  in  his  eyes  for  the  pleasure  and 
variety  they  afford,  their  hardiness  and  submis- 
siveness  to  cultivation  in  this  England  of  ours. 
And  amid  the  earliest  comers,  named  and  un- 
named, none  are  more  daring  than  the  Saxifrages, 
none  more  dainty,  or  fascinate  the  beholder  in 
larger  degree.  None  whet  the  gardening  appetite 
so  well,  stimulate  and  extend  the  cultivation  of 
alpine  gardening  as  a  whole,  cheer  us  more  in 
wintry  days  or  raise  higher  hopes  within  by  the 
knowledge  of  the  greater  feast  which  longer  and 
sunnier  days  are  wont  to  prepare,  than  the  fore- 
runners of  this  treasured  genus.  And  what  a 
treasure-house  it  really  is,  and  how  richly  stored  ! 
How  elaborate,  too,  the  furniture,  and  how  inter- 
esting to  the  collector  '•  Gems  of  the  choicest 
description,  fitted  for  exclusive  cabinets  and 
necessitating  the  unremitting  care  of  a  vigilant 
guard  ;  anon  the  larger — and  may  I  say  more 
utilitarian? — ^pieces,  not  always  en  suite  perhaps., 
that  occupy  the  moie  spacious  apartments — read  it 
"  compartments"  please — in  every  well  appointed 
domain  And  because  of  the  important  part  these 
Saxifrages  play  and  the  rich  procession  the  genus 


§A.\IFRAGA     APICULATA,     THE     MOST     FLOURISHING     O.F 


provides  for  months  on  end — species  and  varieties 
are  really  with  us  from  January  to  June,  and  at 
intervals  beyond — it  is  proposed  seasonably  to 
deal  with  some  of  the  outstanding  of  them  from 
time  to  time  in  order  that  readers  may  know  them 
better  and  become  greater  sharers  in  the  feast. 
In  this  connection 

S.  Burseriana  (see  accompanying  illustration), 
true  harbinger  of  the  race  and  withal  the  most 
popular,  calls  for  mention  at  once.    Of  the  Kabschia 
or   cushion   group   of   Rockfoils   hailing   from   the 
Southern  and  Eastern  Alps  its  good  attributes  are 
many  and  without  dispute.    As  a  clue  to  its  cultural 
needs  or  preferences  it  may  be  said  that  in  naturr 
it  inhabits  calcareous  and  dolomitic  rocks,  henc^ , 
generally  speaking,  a  lime  loving  subject.     Lover 
of  the  rock,  rich  and  damp  soil  are  frequently  fatal 
to    .that     success    which     is    more     permanently 
assured  when  these  give  place  to  river  grit,  crushed 
or   disentegrated   rock   and   quite   a   modicum   of 
rather  stififish  turfy  loam.     Of  such,  a  fair  depth 
with   absolute  drainage  should  be   assured.      Pre- 
ferring partial  shade,  particularly  in  high  summer 
time,   it   should   ever  be   removed   from   the   evil 
influences   and  effects   of   drip.      These   are   fatal. 
\o  species  of  the  genus  contributes  greater  variety  ; 
none   provides   a   lengthier   flowering   chain.      My 
first  flowers  of  the  major  variety  greeted  me  at 
Christmas  time  ;     many 
more    have     appeared 
since.  'Twixt   these  and 
S,    B.    macrantha,    with 
scarlet      stems     and 
calyces     and     white 
flowers  in    April,    there 
will  be  many  more.     All 
the  varieties  of  Burser's 
Saxifrage      are     white 
flowered,     some    spark- 
ling and  lustrous,  occa- 
sionally, as  in   the   true 
major  form,  emitting  a 
Meadow    Sweet      like 
fragrance.      It  is,    how- 
ever,   the    pure    white, 
solitary,    often   shilling- 
large  flowers   on   3-inch 
high  stems  above  spiny 
cushions  of  grey  which 
appeal,      rendering      it 
choice   if    not    supreme 
amid    them    all.        Ac- 
corded the  treatment  in- 
dicated    above      it      is 
amiably       disposed, 
yielding  of  its  beauty  a 
hundred  fold  if  increased 
periodically    from     cut- 
tings.    Marked  varieties 
of  it,   other   than   those 
named,       are      Gloria, 
speciosa  and  tridentina. 
The       "  grandifloras  " 
occur,    too,    with    some 
frequency,    though    the 
undue     multiplying     of 
varietal    names    is    not 
desirable.   What  is  much 
to  be  desired  is  a  Gloria 
having       a       sparkling 
white     petal     instead 
ITS    KALE.  of      the      dead     white, 


.■!  cus 


SAXIFKAGA     BURSERIANA. 
ihion  Saxifrage  that  prefers  limes  one  rock. 


shapely  thing,  with  rich  cream  flowers  on  scarlet 
stems.  Though  virtually  of  the  Burseriana  set, 
having  Faldonside  blood  in  its  veins,  it  is  strictly 
a  cross  bred.  It  gained  distinction  in  191.?  and 
may  be  regarded  as  very  choice.  Well  known  and 
highly  regarded  is 

S.  apiculata  (see  accompanying  illustration),  a 
hybrid  of  rochcliana  and  sancta,  is  a  plant  for 
everybody.  Amiable,  vigorous  and  perhaps  the 
most  prodigal  bloomer  of  the  race,  it  may  be 
grown  on  level  ground,  colony  fashion  on  rockwork, 
or  on  occasions  form  a  fringe  or  provide  a  margin  to 
other  things  and  is  seemingly  happy  in  all.  For  the 
amateur  or  beginner  therefore,  so  accommodating  a 
sort  is  well  worth  while.  Precocious  in  its  flowering 
and  occasionally  yielding  blossoms  in  autumn  and 
winter,  it  is  at  its  best  perhaps  in  March  in  normal 
seasons.  Sharp  spring  frosts  following  a  mild 
January  sometimes  play  havoc  with  its  flowers, 
the  wholesale  loss  of  which  may  be  prevented  by 
sticking  in  foot  high  sprays  of  Yew  or  like  thing 
about  the  patches  for  protection.  There  is  more 
than  one  form  of  the  plant,  though  two  have 
pale  yellow  flowers  in  clusters.  In  that  earliest 
to  flower  the  peduncles  (stems)  are  weak,  the 
trusses  at  flowering  time  tumbling  over.  In 
the  later  flowering  form  this  defect  is  not 
present.  There  are  also  at  least  two  white 
flowered  varieties  (sports),  equally  desirable  as 
the  original  and,  whether  in  alpine  house  or 
garden,  capable  also  of  playing  a  goodly  part  with 
the  best. 

S.  Grisebachii  falso  figured),  to-day,  is  something 
apart,  at  once  a  species  of  distinction  and  merit. 
Witness  of  these  and  of  its  early  flowering  is  the 
fact  that  when  first  exhibited  in  February,  1903, 
by  Messrs.  Robert  Veitch  and  Sons,  it  promptly 
gained  a  first  class  certificate.  Obviously  there  are 
first  class  alpines  as  well  as  first  class  other  plants, 
this  Macedonian  Saxifrage  being  one  of  the  former. 
At  its  coming  it  was  in  the  nature  of  a  revelation, 
attracting  everybody.  No  choice  alpine  was  more 
deserving  of  the  high  award  named,  as  subsequent 


February  19,  1921.] 

events  have  proved.  The  nodding  crimson  floweri; 
have  golden  stamens  arranged  in  a  hairy,  spicate, 
club-ended  inflorescence.  The  stems  are  often 
coloured,  the  bract-like  leaves  tipped  dark  green 
Its  silvery  rosettes  of  leaves,  2  inches  to  3  inches 
across,  have  marginal  spots  of  white,  a  rare  com- 
bination, befitting  a  distinguished  plant.  An  easy 
doer,  succeeding  in  grit  and  loam  and  perfect 
drainage  ;  the  amateur  who  will  give  it  these  need 
have  no  qualms.  Though  a  true  perennial,  its 
finer  effects  are  the  result  of  treating  it  on  the 
biennial  plan,  the  plants  flowering  in  the  second 
year  from  seeds.  That  is  at  once  a  good  method 
culturally,  as  also  a  prolific  source  of  increase, 
provided  care  is  taken  and  artificial  pollination 
resorted  to.  That  grown  at  Wisley,  all  raised 
from  a  solitary  example  I  believe,  I  have  ever 
regarded  as  superior,  and  though  in  nature  there 
are  not  wanting  evidences  of  variability  in  the 
species,  that  appears  to  come  fairly  true.  In  any 
case,  whether  in  alpine  house  or  rock  garden,  it  is 
an  indispensable.  Then  dainty  and  fascinating  is 
the  so  far  inimitable 

S.  Irvil^ii,  as  bewitching  a  morsel  of  alpine 
vegetable  life  as  ever  saw  the  light  of  day.  It 
originated  at  Kew,  from  the  presumed  crossing  of 
S.  Burseriana  macrantha  and  S.  Frederici-.\ugusti 
and  is  named  in  compliment  to  Mr.  Walter  Irving, 
Chief  of  the  Hardy  Plant  Department  there.  From 
the  first  it  captivated  every  lover  of  alpines  and  many 
besides  have  idolised  it.  No  hybrid  ever  reached 
the  top  rung  of  popularity's  ladder  earlier  ;  none 
merited  the  distinction  more.  Its  pink  tinted 
flowers,  good  evidence  of  the  cross,  appealed  to  all. 
Virtually  it  is  a  tinted,  earlier  flowering  S.  Burseri- 
ana macrantha.  And  how  prodigal  of  flowering,  the 
large  blossoms  almost  obscuring  the  tiny  plant 
from  view.  In  flower  it  is  but  an  inch  or  two  above 
the  pot,  a  gem  for  the  alpine  house  in  pans  accord- 
ingly. Periodical  increase  from  cuttings  suits  it  well, 
the  flowers  larger  and  more  abundant  in  consequ- 
ence. Propagation,  too,  is  a  measure  of  insurance 
to  it  and  all  others  with  Burseriana  blood  in  them. 
In  the  rock  garden  a  raised  place  is  best,  strewing 
the  ground  with  granite  chips  or  other  suitable 
thing  in  order  to  avoid  disfigurement  of  the  flowers. 
S.    Kellereri  is  also  in  flower  and  has  been  for  a 


THE     GARDEN 


S.^XIFKAGA     GRISEBACHII. 
From  the  Balkans. 

week  or  two,  but  of  this  and  other  early  comers 
more  anon,  E.   H.   Jenkins. 


BOX     AND     OTHER 
EDGINGS 

OLD  world  association  is  one  thing,  and 
,  a  good  one ;  effective  cultivation 
I  and  display  of  herbaceous  plants  and 
flowering  shrubs  are  another.  I 
know  the  famous  garden  at  Levens 
very  %vell,  whereof  an  illustration  is  given  in  your 
issue  of  February  5.  It  is  a  perfect  survival  of 
the  style  fashionable  in  the  seventeenth  century, 
the  borders  remaining  in  exactly  the  design 
prepared  for  Colonel  Graham  or  Grahme,  as  he 
chose  to  write  his  name,  by  M.  Beaumont,  who,  as 
is  recorded  upon  his  portrait  at  Levens,  laid  out 
Hampton  Court  Gardens  for  James  II.  The 
preservation  of  such  an  example  is  of  incalculable 
value  to  all  garden  lovers,  but  I  cannot  think  it  is  a 
model  which  it  is  desirable  that  lovers  of  fine  plants 
should  follow.  The  chief  feature  in  this  pleasaunce 
is  the  extravagance  of  topiary  work,  scores  of  Yews 
and    Box    carved    into    a    multitude    of     grotesque 


SAXIFRAGA     IRVINGII     LITERALLY     SMOTHERED     WITH      PIN'K-TINTED     FLOWERS. 


91 


designs,  among  which  the  flower  beds  are  fitted 
like  pieces  of  a  jigsaw  puzzle,  each  within  a  heavy 
border  of  Box.  Here  we  have  the  full  glamour 
of  association  with  a  distant  past,  and  all  the 
charm  inseparable  from  it ;  but  any  attempt  to 
reproduce  the  style  in  a  modern  garden  (and 
attempts  of  the  kind  have  been  made)  is  doomed 
to  the  same  depressing  result  as,  in  my  humble 
judgment,  attends  the  imitation  of  Japanese 
gardens  in  this  country. 

Perhaps  I  am  prejudiced,  holding  as  I  do  that  a 
flower  garden  is  a  place  for  the  production  of  the 
greatest  possible  number  of  the  choicest  flowers 
and  their  display  to  the  utmost  advantage.  Heavy 
Box  edgings  I  regard  as  a  hindrance  to  attaining 
this  end.  It  is  true  that  at  Levens  the  borders 
are  gay  at  certain  seasons  with  Tulips,  Phloxes, 
Gladiolus,  Pentstemons  and  so  forth  ;  but  I  know 
that  "  Formakin,"  who  advocates  Box  edging 
iS  inches  or  2  feet  high  (page  67),  aims  at  some- 
thing more  than  the  ordinary  garden  furnishing. 
Many  of  the  choices:  flowering  herbs,  especially 
those  of  spring,  are  of  humble  stature.  Anemones, 
Squills,  Winter  Aconite,  and  Iris  reticulata,  must 
lose  half  their  grace  if  imprisoned  within  such 
barriers.  May  I  suggest  to  him  a  method  of 
separating  a  flower  border  from  a  gravelled  path 
which  we  have  adopted  here  with  such  satisfactory 
result  that  we  carry  it  a  bit  further  every  year. 
The  edging  of  our  borders  was  originally  a  grass 
margin  about  18  inches  wide.  This  looked  well 
enough,  but  was  troublesome  to  mow,  and  was 
constantly  sending  runners  of  Couch  among  the 
plants.  We  now  lift  the  turf  and  store  it  for  loam, 
trench  the  line  of  demarcation,  adding  such  soil 
as  is  required,  limey  or  otherwise  according  to 
what  plants  are  to  form  the  future  edging.  Upon 
this  soil  we  lay  large  rough  stones,  weighing,  say, 
251b.  to  35lb.  each,  which  settle  comfortably 
close  together  into  the  newly  trenched  ground. 
Of  course,  they  look  raw  enough  till  something 
grows  to  cover  their  nakedness.  The  line  is  then 
planted  with  low-growing,  free-flowering  things, 
allotting  to  each  species  a  liberal  length  of  edging 
all  to  itself.  The  following  are  plants  which  ensure 
a  charming  effect  :  Mossy  Saxifrages,  red,  pink 
and  white  ;  Prunella  grandiflora.  purple  or  crimson 
(the  variety  Wcbbiana  is  richest  in  colom)  ; 
encrusted  Saxifrages,  especially  S.  Aizoon  rosea  ; 
Saxifraga  .\ndrewsii,  Campanvda  portcnschlagiana, 
Phlox  subulata  and  other  dwarf  species,  Aubretia, 
Geum  Borisii,  a  priceless  species  carrying  erect  its 
brilliant  orange  flowers  from  May  to  December  ; 
Gentianella,  whereof  the  only  defect  is  that  it 
requires  lifting  and  dividing  every  fourth  year, 
else  it  gets  too  closely  matted  to  flower  strongly. 
The  same  applies  to  Double  Daisies,  red  or  white. 
Several  kinds  of  Dianthus  are  most  suitable, 
both  florists'  varieties  and  such  things  as  our 
native  Maiden  Pink  (D.  deltoidcs)  and  D.  neglecttis, 
which  is  easily  raised  in  quantity  from  seed. 
Most  of  these  plants  grow  rapidly,  covering  the 
greater  part  of  the  stones,  of  which  the  projecting 
parts  soon  get  Moss-groivn. 

But  now  comes  the  special  merit  of  an  edging  on 
this  plan.  Close  behind  it,  within  the  border,  a 
row  of  bulbs  should  be  planted — Crocus,  Squills, 
Narcissus  (minor  and  Bulbocodium),  Dog-tooth 
Violets  of  several  species,  and  Ornithogelum  nutans, 
which  will  increase  year  by  year  in  richness 
and  come  up  freely  even  if  the  edging  plants 
overrun  them.  No  one  has  realised  the  extra- 
ordinary beauty  of  which  Scilla  sibirica  or  Chiono- 
doxa  gigantea  are  capable  who  has  not  seen  them 
grown  in  this  manner,  imdisturbed  for  many  years. 
,\ubretia,  dwarf  Phlo.xes  and  mossv  S*ixifrages 
will  invade  the  gravel  path  ;  to  what  extent,  if 
any,  that  will  ht  allowed  depends  on  the  character 
of  the  garden  and  the  taste  of  its  owner. 

Monreilh.  Herbert  Maxwell. 


92 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  19,  1921. 


Early,  Maincrop  and  Late  Potatoes  i 


or      1Q21 


Grow   Heavy   Cropping    Varieties  which   Possess   Good    Table 


Qualities 


WITH  the  huge  number  of  varieties 
now  on  the  marl<et  it  is  difficult 
for  those  with  little  knowledge 
to  select  the  most  suitable  sorts 
for  their  purpose.  Varieties,  too, 
diifer  in  the  manner  in  which  they  succeed  in  the 
various  kinds  of  soil  in  which  they  are  planted. 
Individual  requirements,  also,  vary  so  much  that 
certain  kinds  are  quite  usebss  for  one,  where  the 
same  sort  answers  exceedingly  well  for  another. 
Some  varieties,  too,  crop  heavily  but  are  inferior 
in  their  cooking  qualities,  and  where  table  require- 
ments of  the  highest  class  are  the  chief  considera- 
tion, such  inferior  sorts  are  useless.  1  am  a  staunch 
believer  in  growing  a  variety  that  has  prominent 
cooking  qualities  even  if  the  crop  is  distinctly  less 
in  bulk.  For  this  reason  I  have  made  my  selection 
of  varieties  accordingly,  ignoring  the  bulk  that 
some  sorts  produce  as  the  main  factor.  From  a 
market  point  of  view,  of  course,  bulk  is  a  salient 
point  and  one  which  must  be  considered.  Where, 
however,  bulk  with  quality  can  be  combined,  1 
have  taken  these  principles  into  my  selection. 

EARLY   VARIETIES. 

Earlv  Queen. — This  variety  was  sent  to  me 
about  three  years  ago  by  a  friend  in  the  North  ; 
he  was  unable  to  say  anything  of  its  origin.  In 
shape  it  is  somewhat  like  May  Queen,  shorter, 
perhaps,  in  the  tuber,  handsome  in  the  skin,  a 
good  cropper,  especially  quick  in  maturity  and 
excellent  in  quality. 

May  Queen  is  a  great  favourite  of  mine, 
especially  in  the  heavy  soil  of  this  garden ;  a 
prodigious  cropper,  not  too  strong  in  growth, 
the  quality  is  all  that  can  be  desired  in  an  early 
Potato.  Not  oidy  is  it  excellent  when  lifted,  but 
it  retains  that  feature  for  a  long  period  ;  its  quicli- 
ness  to  mature  is  also  a  point  of  advantage. 

Midlothian  Early  is  especially  high  in  its 
cooking  qualities,  of  medium  growth,  an  excellent 
pot  or  frame  variety. 

Alnwick  Seelling  I  grew  last  year  and  was  well 
pleased  with  the  result.  The  tubers  are  handsome 
in  their  kidney  shape,  the  crop  heavy  and  the 
quality  superior,  the  flesh  white. 

Sharpe's  Express  is  a  favourite  among  market 
men  for  its  quick  return,  high  quality  and  heavy 
crop.  For  small  gardens,  too,  in  general  soil  this 
is  a  desirable  variety. 

Epicure  among  market- growers  is  the  Potato 
for  early  use  ;  it  comes  exceptionally  quick  to 
maturity,  which  is  a  distinct  point  in  its  favour, 
not  only  because  it  can  be  sold  early,  but  enables 
a  second  crop  to  be  planted  on  the  same  ground. 
Beyond  all  this  it  is  a  prodigious  cropper.  As  to 
its  quality  at  that  early  stage  I  have  little  to  say 
in  its  favour,  but  kept  until  July  or  .August,  the 
quality  is  then  good. 

MAINCROP      OR      MID-SEASON 

VARIETIES. 

Warwick  Castle  is  my  ideal  of  a  Potato  for  this 

section.    Heavy  cropper  with  round,  shapely  tubers, 

flesh  white,  mealy  and  of  superb  flavour.     Friends 

of  mine  grow  this  variety  as  their  mainstay. 

McPherson  is  a  variety  I  have  grown  recently 
in  the  field  and  I  am  much  pleased  with  it  in  every 
respect,   especially  in   the  cooking  quality  of  the 


tubers.  Of  its  origin  I-  know  little.  In  shape  it 
reminds  one  of  British  Queen. 

Majestic  1  recommend  strongly  for  the  market 
man  and  also  for  those  with  a  small  garden,  as  it 
produces  a  huge  crop  of  large,  shapely  tubers  of 
fair  quality ;  this,  of  course,  varies  in  soils,  as 
many  large-growing  varieties  do. 

WindsDt  Castle  is  still  a  favourite  for  private 
use,  in  quality  and  crop  ;  for  exhibition  it  is  second 
to  none.  In  some  seasons  it  is  more  addicted  to 
disease  than  many  sorts. 

Arran  Comrade  is  earning  a  high  reputation 
for   lieavy   crops,    good   shape    and   high   cooking 


weakened.  For  home  use  the  quality  is  of  the 
best,  and  for  exhibition  it  is  still  one  of  the  leading 
varieties  among  late  sorts 

Bloomfleld  is  a  new  variety  I  am  growing  this 
season,  of  the  Abundance  type,  and  said  to  be  a 
heavy    cropper   of   excellent    quality. 

Sw.ir.more,  Han'.s.  E.   Molyneux. 


ARRAN  CHIEF  FROM   SEVEN  POUNDS  OF 
SEED. 

quality.      In    numerous    trials    in    this    country    it 
was  the  most  successful  among  ten  varieties. 

Arran  Chief  is  a  favourite  with  growers  on  a 
large  scale,  cropping  heavily,  cooking  well  and 
keeping  in  good  condition  oxer  a  long  season. 

LATE     VARIETIES. 

Gordon  Castle,  from  my  experience,  is  quite 
one  of  the  best  of  varieties  for  late  use.  The 
crop  is  very  heavy,  the  tubers  shapely,  with  that 
russet-like  skin  which  betokens  high  cooking 
quality. 

Scottish  Farmer  as  a  garden  and  field  variety 
is  excellent,  crops  well,  the  tubers  keep  firm  in 
flesh,  while  the  quality  is  all  that  could  be  desired. 

King  Edward  as  a  late  variety  is  a  favourite 
in  most  districts  and  will  probably  make  more 
money  than  any  other  sort.  As  a  garden  and 
exhibition  Potato  it  is  desirable. 

Up  to  Date  appears  to  have  lost  its  hold  upon 
the  general  public,  the  constitution  having  probably 


Potato  Arran  Chief  on  Light 
Soil 

Arran  Chief  Potato  is  so  often  recommended 
for  mediunr  and  heavy  soils  that  it  may  come 
as  a  surprise  to  many  to  know  that  it  is  capable 
of  producing  a  heavy  yield  in  hot,  dry  sandy 
ground.  Last  year  many  varieties  of  Potatoes 
made  too  much  growth  at  the  expense  of  tubers, 
but  Arran  Chief  turned  out  as  well  as  any.  A 
trial  of  seed  tubers  from  Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons 
were  planted  in  March  in  rows  2  J  feet  apart  and 
i8  inches  between  the  sets.  The  tubers  were 
planted  with  a  spade  in  shallow  trenches  with 
very  little  manurial  aid.  As  Arran  Chief  is  a 
strong  grower,  it  would  be  advisable  to  allow 
3  feet  between  the  rows  on  richer  soils.  The  Jj 
produce  of  7lb.  of  seed,  planted  whole,  turned  I 
the  scale  at  loylb. — not  a  bad  yield  when  we 
take  into  consideration  the  very  light  and  dry 
nature  of  the  soil.  Practically  all  of  the  tubers 
were  of  useful  table  size ;  in  fact,  there  were 
very  few  small  ones.  As  most  readers  are  aware, 
Arran  Chief  is  a  good  quality  Potato  of  the  white 
round  class,  producing  tubers  with  white  mealy 
flesh.  It  is  well  to  know  that  this  variety  resists 
drought  and  will  give  fine  results  on  dry  soils. 


Vegetables  to   be    Judged 

According  to  their  Fitness  for 
Table   Use 

After  all  the  correspondence  there  has  been  in  our 
pages  on  the  size  of  exhibition  vegetables  the 
following  ungarnished  letter  from  the  President 
and  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
Vincent  Square,  Westminster,  S.W.i,  will  be 
read  with  interest  and  approval  by  many : 
"Vegetables  are  grown  primarily  to  be  eaten, 
and  yet  anyone  who  has  attended  shows  where 
vegetables  have  been  exhibited  must  have 
noticed  that  size  has  often  been  preferred  to 
quality.  Size  in  itself  is  not  necessarily  a  defect, 
except  in  such  cases  as  that  of  the  Vegetable 
Marrow,  which  loses  so  much  of  its  flavour  unless 
it  can  be  cooked  whole,  but  no  one  can  deny  that 
huge  vegetables  arc  only  too  often  coarse  in  quality 
and  fail  to  represent  the  bast  product  of  the 
particular  variety.  It  is,  of  course,  true  that 
when  only  a  small  area  of  vegetable  ground  is 
available  to  supply  the  needs  of  a  family,  quality 
may  have  to  some  extent  to  be  sacrificed  to  quantity 
and  it  may  be  necessary  to  provide  special  classes 
for  the  cultivators  of  such  small  plots,  but  this  will 
not  apply  to  the  majority  of  those  gardeners 
whose  vegetables  find  their  way  to  horticultural 
shows.  The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  has 
resolved  to  insist  that  at  all  its  meetings  vegetables 
shall  be  judged  according  to  their  fitness  for  table 


February  19,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


93 


use  and  not  mcroly  by  their  size  and  external 
appearance.  With  this  object  in  view  it  has  been 
decided  to  ask  the  assistance  of  eminent  chefs  as 
judges  in  making  its  awards.  It  is  not  difficult 
to  imagine  what  the  decisions  of  such  juilges 
will  be.  For  instance,  Peas  will  be  commended 
not  so  much  for  the  large  size  and  plump  appearance 
of  the  pods  as  for  the  tenderness  and  number  of 
the  individual  seeds  contained  in  them.  Carrots 
will  have  to  be  of  moderate  size  and  of  that  tender 
crispness    which    is   lost    in    full-grown   cxaniples, 


while  Cabbages  which  could  be  profitably  used  for 
feeding  cattle,  will  no  longer  be  tolerated.  Since 
this  decision  of  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  will  effect  a  change  in  the  conduct 
of  vegetable  exhibitions,  it  seemed  advisable  that 
timely  notice  of  the  change  should  be  given  in 
order  that  growers  may  be  fully  prepared  and  not 
be  disappointed  when  monstrous  examples  of  this 
or  that  vegetable  receive  no  recognition  from  the 
judges."  L.^MBOURNE,    President. 

W.  R.  Dykes.  Secretary. 


A    FAMOUS     GROWER'S     SELECTION     OF 
VEGETABLES    FOR   1921 

Tried    and    Tested    Varieties    for    all    Districts 


ROUND  about  this  date  most  gardeners, 
both  amateur  and  professional,  will  be 
more  or  less  keenly  studying  th:i  various 
seedsmen's  catalogues  that  reach  them 
^  through  the  post,  with  a  view  to  selecting 
the  seeds  of  such  vegetables  as  they  would  choose 
to  grow.  Doubts  and  difficulties  will  arise,  such 
as  what  sorts  to  grow,  what  to  omit,  which  of  two 
things  to  choose,  which  for  light  soil,  and  so  forth, 
and  a  few  notes  from  an  old  hand  at  the  game  may 
prove  of  assistance  to  many.  Consequently,  I 
will  first  deal  with  the  kinds,  journeying  from  the 
small  kitchen  garden,  via  the  medium.-sized  one 
to  the  large,  where  practically  anything  can  be 
chosen ;  noting  first  the  bedrock  requirements, 
and  then  the  trimmings  suitable  for  the  larger 
ones.  Thereafter  I  will  add  suitable  varieties 
of  each  of  the  sorts,  noting  in  one  or  two  cases 
where  the  soil  is  likely  to  greatly  affect  varieties 
though  I  would  here  say  that  the  question  of  liglii 
versus  heavy  soil  is  not  of  such  moment  as  mau\ 
would  imagine.  The  aim  of  all  cultivators  shoui' 
be  to  so  work  their  soil  that  in  time  it  will  be 
most  useful  medium  type,  which,  in  other  wonK 
means  that  the  man  with  the  heavy  soil  shouln 
take  steps  to  lighten  it  by  incorporating  with  n 
suitable  material,  while  on  the  other  hand,  a  m.u 
whose  soil  is  of  a  poor,  light,  hot  kind,  shoul 
similarly  break  down  the  detrimental  charact' 
by  adding  manure,  that  will  reduce  these  dis- 
advantages. 

It  must  be  understood  that  I  do  not  note  varieties 
to  recommend  them  as  those  which  should  be 
grown  without  divergence,  or  without  qualification, 
as  I  would  again  point  out  what  I  have  so  frequently 
before  written,  that  varieties  do  not  always  do 
equally  well  in  every  district,  and  at  times  a 
variety  which  is  a  wonderful  success  in  one  neigh- 
bourhood is  a  very  second-rate  sort  for  another  ; 
therefore  it  is  advisable  for  every  grower  to  seek 
to  learn  which  are  the  sorts  and  varieties  that  di> 
really  excellently  in  his  own  neignbourhood,  and 
the  newcomer  to  a  place  can  usually  glean  much 
information  on  this  point  from  the  older  dwellers 
of  his  district.  The  varieties  I  shall  name  are, 
however,  tested  and  tried  varieties,  likely  to 
generally  prove  a  good  success. 

The  other  important  matter  is  to  get  the  soil 
into  the  right  condition  by  proper  cultural  methods, 
embodying  deep  working  at  the  right  time,  enrich- 
ment with  proper  manures  where  required,  liming. 
&c.,  where  soil  is  sick  or  acid,  and  drainage  where 
it  is  heavy  and  likely  to  get  more  or  less 
waterlogged.  [We  would  like  to  add  a  word 
here,  and  say  how  beneficial  it  is,  especially 
to  Peas,  Beans  and  Potatoes,  to  apply  a 
sprinkling  of  Wakeley's  Hop  Manure  along  the 
drills  before  sowing  and  planting. — Ed.]  These 
are,  indeed,  important  points,  for  unless  the  soil 
is  in  the  proper  condition  even  the  best  of  seeds 
are  likely  to  prove  a  failure. 


Now  for  a  S'-'lcction  of  varieties.  For  an  average 
small  garden  1  would  select  the  following,  the 
proportions  being  very  niuch  a  matter  of  choice 


CELERY  IN  PAPER  COLLARS  GROWING  BETWEEN 
ASPARAGUS  AT  ALDENHAM  HOUSE  GARDENS. 

for  the  grower,  to  be  selected  according  to  his 
needs  and  taste  :  Beans,  both  Broad  and  Runner  ; 
Borecole  or  Kale,  Broccoli,  Brussels  Sprouts. 
Cabbages  in  variety  for  the  different  seasons. 
Carrots,  a  diffictdt  vegetable  on  heavy  soil  and 
where  possible  best  grown  in  holes  bored  with  a 
crowbar  and  filled  with  light  soil ;  Cauliflowers, 
Lettuce,  Onions,  Parsley,  Parsnips,  Peas,  Potatoes, 
without  which  surely  no  kitchen  garden  wotild  be 
complete  ;  Radish,  Rhubarb,  Savoys,  Shallots 
and  Turnips.  To  these  add,  where  time  and 
facilities  permit.  Celery  and  Leeks,  which  are  two 


such  favourite  and  useful  vegetables  and  should 
b?  grown  wherever  it  is  possible  ;  also  the  small 
gardener  should  always  endeavour  to  do  his  best 
with  Tomatoes,  which  can  successfully  be  grown 
in  the  open,  provided  proper  methods  are  adopted, 
and  more  successfully  still  if  he  possesses  a  small 
greenhouse  or  a  good-jized  cold  frame. 

A  pretty  formidable  list,  perhaps  our  friend  the 
small  gardener  will  rem;  rk,  but  if  he  considers 
it  carefully  he  will  notice  that  there  is  a  range 
of  vegetables  over  the  whole  year  catered  for  in 
that  list,  and  when  he  grows  carefully  and  arranges 
for  one  crop  to  follow  another,  he  will  not  find 
it  so  formidable  as  it  looks,  and  will  certainly 
have  the  benefit  of  a  fuller  supply  than  possibly 
he  has  ever  had  before,  besides  attaining  a  far 
better  variation  of  vegetable  diet. 

For  the  medium-sized  kitchen  garden  I  would 
suggest  the  addition  of  the  following  as  Ireing  very 
us'?ful  Dwarf  French  Beans,  Jerusalem  Artichokes, 
Asparagus,  Celeriac,  Chicory,  Endive,  Seakale 
and  Spinach,  and  I  think  that  these  comprise 
some  of  the  choicest  of  the  vegetable  list  for 
dilTerent  periods  of  the  year. 

The  cultivator  of  a  large  kitchen  garden  should 
certainly  add  to  the  two  previous  lists  the  following, 
which  still  further  ring  the  changes  of  vegetable 
diet  and  prove  welcome  additions  to  the  menu 
for  various  purposes  :  Globe  Artichokes.  Climbing 
French  Beans,  Capsicums,  Cardoons,  Chives, 
Kohl  Rabi,  Maize,  Salsify,  Scorzonera,  Swede 
(garden  sort).  A  careful  observer  will  notice 
that  there  are  a  few  that  I  have  omitted  from 
these  lists,  but  I  have  done  so  where  utility  is  a 
minor  qualification  with  a  particular  vegetable, 
such  as  the  Chinese  Artichoke,  or  where  it  is  a 
matter  of  personal  taste,  such  as  in  the  case  of 
the  pungent  Garlic.  Also  I  have  dealt  with 
very  few  herbs,  as  these  should  be  found  in 
greater  or  lesser  variety  in  every  well  ordered 
garden. 

Now  for  the  naming  of  some  of  the  tip-top 
varieties,  in  connection  with  which  see  the  previous 
caution  as  to  locality.  The  most  useful  course 
will  be,  I  think,  to  note  these  down  in  alphabetic 
order,  so  that  after  having  digested  the  selection 
of  sorts,  the  would-be  grower  of  these  can  turn 
to  the  following  list  to  glean  knowledge  as  to 
varieties  : 

Artichoke,  Globe. — Green  Globe. 

.-1  sparagus. — Connover's  Colossal . 

Beans,  Runner. — Leviathan,  Improved  Green 
Longpod,  Broad  Windsor  and  Ne  Plus  Ultra. 

Beans,  French. — Canadian  Wonder  and  Ne  Plus 
Ultra. 

JSee(.— Selected  Globe,  Selected  Purple,  Chelten- 
ham Green  Top  and  Dell's  Dwarf.  For  light  soils 
Dell's  Dwarf  and  Cheltenham  Green  Top  are 
especially  good. 

Borecole  or  Kale. — Victoria  Kale,  Cottager's 
Kale  and  Labrador  Kale. 

Broccoli.— Snow's  Winter  WTiitc,  Leamington 
and  Model. 

Brussels  Sprouts. — Dwarf  Gem  and  Aigburth. 

Cabbage. — April,  Ellam's  Early  and  Flower  of 
Spring  for  early  work  and  following  crops ; 
Rosette  Colewort  for  autumn  ;  and  Winnigstadt 
for  late  autumn  and  winter. 

Capsicums. — Long  Red  and  Long  Yellow. 

Carrots. — Model  and  New  Intermediate. 

Cauliflower. — Early  Forcing,  Magnum  Bonura, 
Walchercn,  Snowdon  and  Autumn  Giant.  On 
heavy  soil  Snowdon  is  most  likely  to  prove  one  of 
the  best  varieties. 

Celeriac. — Smooth  Prague. 

Celery. — Aldenham  Pink,  Invincible  White  and 
Standard  Bearer. 

Chicory. — Witloof. 

Cress. — Extra  Curled. 

Endive. — Batavian  and  Green  Curled. 


94 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  19,  1921. 


Kohl  Rabi. — Early  Purple  Short-top  and  Early 
Short-top  Green. 

Leek. — Musselburgh,  International  and  Prize- 
taker. 

Lettuce. — All  the  Year  Round,  Superb  Cos,  Bath 
or  Brown  Cos  and  Hick's  Hardy  White. 

Mai^e. — Country  Gentleman. 

Onion. — Ailsa  Craig  and  James'  Long  Keeping 
for  spring  work  ;  Mammoth  White  Tripoli,  Red 
Italian  Tripoli  and  Autunm  Triumph  for  autumn 
sowing. 

Parsley. — -Exhibition  Curled. 

Parsnip. — Student,  and  Tender  and  True. 

Peas. — Gradus,  Duke  of  Albany,  Quite  Content 
and  Autocrat.  For  light  soil  these  will  do  equally 
well  with  the  exception  of  Quite  Content,  which 
should  be  omitted. 

Potatoes. — May  Queen,  Midlothian,  Resistant 
Snowdrop,  King  Edward,  Arran  Chief  and  Arran 
Comrade. 

Radish. — Beck's  Scarlet  and  French  Breakfast. 

Rhubarb. — Victoria  and  The  Sutton. 

Salsify. — Sandwich  Island  Mammoth. 
'Saimy. — Green  Curled,  Drumhead  and  Early  Ulm. 


New  and  Rare  Plants 

FIRST-CLASS     CERTIFICATES. 

Cymbidilim  Dragon  Fly. — .A.  beautiful  addition 
to  a  race  valuable  alike  for  decoration  and  utility 
and  unequalled  for  staying  powers,  whether  on 
the  plant  or  in  the  cut  state.  The  new-comer  has 
blush- tinted  sepals  and  petals,  the  lip  richly 
dowered  with  crimson  velvet  and  occasionally 
chequered  white  in  line  contrast  Handsome  and 
distinct. 

Sophro-Laelio-Cattleya  Falcon   (S    grandiflora 

X  L.-C.  aureole). — For  brilliant  colouring  and  size 
this  tri-generic  hybrid  stands  alone,  a  distinct 
advance  on  any  of  its  class.  Having  a  flower 
expanse  of  nearly  4  inches  and  coloured  a  brilliant 
scarlet  under  which  or  through  which  a  subtle 
orange-coloured  influence  is  readily  seen,  it  is 
remarkable  from  every  standpoint.  In  shape  and 
colour  the  greater  leaning  is  towards  the  Sophron- 
itis,  size  being  influenced  by  the  other  parents,  as 
is  also  the  foliage.     These  two  remarkable  novelties 


THE     NEW     L.\TE     DESSERT     .^PPLE     L.\XTOX  S     SUPERB. 
First'Cl.iss   certiftc  te. 


Seakalc. — Lilywhite. 

Shallots. — Exhibition  Red  and  Large  Brown. 

Spinach. — Victoria  and  Prickly.  New  Zealand 
Spinach  will  do  well  on  light  soil. 

Swede. — Any  good  garden  variety. 

Tomato. — Sunrise  and  Hide's  Recruit,  excellent 
red  varieties  ;  and  Golden  Srmrise,  one  of  the  best 
yellows. 

Turnip. — Early  Milan,  Snowball,  Green  Top 
and  Golden  Ball. 

Vegetable  Marrow. — Moore's  Cream,  The  Sutton, 
Pen-y-bid  and  Long  Green. 

One  vegetable  which  should  have  been  mentioned 
is  the  IMushroom,  and  everyone  who  can  make  up 
a  bed  should  grow  these.  Growers  with  the  facility 
afforded  by  a  Mushroom-house,  a  suitable  cellar, 
or  a  good  frost-proot  shed  can  maintain  a  crop 
all  through  the  year,  while  those  who  have  not 
got  these  adjuncts  can  for  a  good  period  grow  them 
on  beds  in  the  open. 

In  one  or  two  instances  it  will  be  observed  that 
certain  vegetables  are  not  included  in  the  fore- 
going list,  and  where  this  is  the  case  I  woiUd 
observe  that  the  varieties  are  so  few  that  there 
is  very  little  to  choose  between  them.  In  the 
case  of  the  Jerusalem  Artichoke  I  would  urge  the 
growing  of  the  modern  white  sort  in  preference 
to  the  old-fashioned  purple,  as  the  white  is  far  in 
advance  of  the  older  kind  both  in  shape  and 
quality.  E.  Beckett,  V.M.H. 


we.T  from  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sir  George  Holford 
K.C.V.O,,  Westonbirt  (gardener,  Mr.  H.  G, 
Alexander). 

Apple  Laxton's  Superb.— High  tribute  to  the 
excellence  of  this  new  dessert  sort  is  the  fact  that, 
gaining  an  award  of  merit  in  1920,  it  has  now  been 
granted  a  first-class  certificate.  The  newcomer 
resulted  from  the  crossing  of  Wyken  Pippin  and 
Cox  s  Orange  Pippin.  Of  fine  aroma  and  the  true 
Co.x  flavour,  it  keeps  well  into  March  and  is  rendered 
doubly  valuable  on  that  account.  Several  dishes 
of  fruits  in  excellent  condition  were  shown  by  the 
raisers,  Messrs.  Laxton  Brothers.  Bedford. 
AWARD     OF     MERIT. 

Laelio-Cattleya  H.  T.  Pitt  Fasey's  Variety 
(C.-Enid  X  L.-C.  Bella). — ^The  sepals  are  rich  rosy 
mauve  bordering  on  cerise,  the  corrugated  or 
tasselled  lip  of  ruby  crimson.  A  really  telling  bit  of 
colour.  From  W.  R.  Fasey,  Esq,  Snaresbrook 
(gardener,  Mr.  E.  J.  Seymour). 

Odonti3da  Athene  (0.  Crispum  x  0.  Coro- 
nation).— .\  novelty  remarkable  for  distinctness. 
The  flower  has  a  white  ground  bordered  with  cerise, 
the  lip  being  also  like  coloured  and  having  reddish 
blotches.  Shown  by  G.  W.  Bird,  Esq ,  West 
Wickham 

Brasso-Cattleva  Gatton  Snowflake  (C  choccen- 
sis  X  B.-C.  Thorntonii).- — -Save  for  the  touch  of 
rich  orange  yellow  inserted  in  the  base  of  the 
tube   this    chaste   and   beautiful   novelty   is   white 


throughout.  Finely  sculptured,  compact  and  of 
sparkling  white,  it  appealed  at  a  glance.  Sent  by 
Sir  Jeremiah  Colman.  Bart,,  Gatton  Park,  Reigate 
(gardener,  Mr.  W.  Collier). 

Angulo-Caste  x  Cooperi  (.\nguloa  Cliftoni 
X  Lycaste  cruenta). — The  hybrid  is  characterised 
by  soft  yellow  colouring  throughout  and  is  both 
pleasing  and  distinct.  From  Messrs.  Sander  and 
Sons,  St.   Albans. 

Dendrobium    Nobile   Sir    F.   W.    Moore.— .\ 

beautiful  and  striking  no\elty,  richly  coloured  and 
free-flowering  withal.  Sepals  and  petals  rosy 
cerise,  rich  in  colour  and  good  in  form.  The 
handsome  lip  is  of  like  colour  bordered  with  white, 
and  a  base  of  intense  blood  crimson.  From  Messrs. 
.-Vrnistrong  and  Brown,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

Primula  Etna.- — The  greatest  advance  in  richly 
coloured  Primula  sinensis  varieties  seen  for  years, 
quite  eclipsing  the  leaders  in  this  set — Brilliant 
King  and  Crimson  King — that  hitherto  held  high 
place.  Scarlet  of  an  intensely  rich  shade  underlies 
more  dominant  crimson  tone,  adding  fire  and  life 
to  the  whole.  The  handsome  trusses  emerge  from 
an  appropriate  setting  of  dark-coloured  foliage. 
Admirably  shown  by  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons, 
Reading. 

Carnation  Thor. — .\n  .American-raised  variety, 
we  believe,  and  probably  the  clearest  scarlet  known. 
.\s  was  appropriately  said  of  it,  "  it  is  a  scarlet." 
It  is  not  large,  however,  nor  particularly  full, 
and  appeals  rather  by  vivid  and  clear  colour  and 
moderate  perfume  than  aught  besides.  From 
.Mr.  C.  Englemann,  Saffron  Walden. 


The    Right    Use   of    Lime 

The  Finest  Form  and  How  to 
Apply  It 

WITHOUT  entering  into  chemistry 
or  bacteriology,  one  of  the  most 
neglected  problems  to-day  in 
garden,  orchard  and  greenhouse 
is  the  use  of  lime.  Writing  from 
much  experience  on  the  subject  of  the  value  of 
using  lime,  it  should  be  clearly  instilled  into  the 
mind  that  science,  with  practice,  has  taught  us 
"  That  the  form  in  which  lime  is  used  is  everything 
that  matters."  There  is  to-day,  thanks  to  practice 
and  science  combined,  a  form  of  lime  specially 
prepared  for  orchards  or  fruit  plantations,  for 
gardens,  greenhouse  work,  and  lawns. 

Various  Forms  of  Limestone. — Lime  used  in 
the  right  form  and  in  the  right  way  is  more  economi- 
cal and  efficient  than  the  more  or  less  rough  and 
ready  method  adopted  in  using  ordinary  lime,  which 
is  usually  very  wasteful,  and  brings  poor  results. 
Lime  shovdd  be  used  in  a  very  fine,  dry  state,  the 
finer  and  purer  the  better,  in  small  quantities  and 
often,  instead  of  in  bulky  quantities  at  long  inter- 
vals. I  wonder  how  many  gardens  would  be 
enriched  by  an  occasional  dressing  at  frequent 
intervals  of  lime  in  the  right  form  ?  There  are 
various  forms  of  limestone  in  diilerent  parts  of 
the  country,  many  of  which  are  very  poor, 
besides  in  some  cases  being  more  injurious  than 
beneficial  to  plant  life.  The  chalk  limes,  for 
instance,  are  among  the  poorest  in  the  country  and 
the  magnesian  limestone  is  not  suitable  from  a 
horticultural  point  of  view.  The  finest  limestone 
in  this  country  for  horticultural  and  agricultural 
purposes  is  the  Buxton  limestone.  From  this  a 
specially  prepared  lime  flour,  known  as  Limbux,  is 
now  manufactured  in  the  form  of  a  pure  hydrated 
lime,  and  without  doubt  is  the  finest  form  of  lime 
in  existence.  At  first  sight  its  cost  might  appear 
excessive,  owing  to  the  poor,  unsuitable  cheap 
limes  that  have  been  on  the  market  for  so  many 


February  19,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


95 


years.  But  Limbux,  owing  to  its  purity  and  fineness, 
is  the  cheapest  and.  in  addition,  the  most  efficient 
form  of  lime  for  all  horticultural  purposes.  I 
wonder  how  much  money  has  been  wasted  on 
liming  in  this  country  with  hardly  if  any  results. 

The  Base  of  Soil  Fertility  is  Lime. — Soil 
becomes  acid  and  sour  for  the  want  of  it,  thereby 
checking  the  growth  of  vegetable  life,  which 
becomes  weali,  thus  exposing  plants  to  attack 
from  all  kinds  of  diseases  and  insect  pests  both 
in  and  out  of  the  soil.  Plants  or  trees  without 
health  or  stamina  have  not  the  same  power  to 
resist  disease  and  insect  pests  as  healthy,  robust 
plants  have,  and  which  are  only  produced  from 
soil  containing  the  necessary  proportion  of  lime. 

.Many  soils  are  rich,  yet  acid  and  sour  owing  to  a 
continual  process  of  manuring  without  lime.  Such 
soils  contain  any  quantity  of  reserve  plant  foods 
in  an  inert  form.  It  is  far  better  in  such  cases  to 
give  the  soil  one,  or  better  two,  seasons  rest  from 
manuring  and  apply  the  right  form  ot 
lime  in  its  place  Besides  releasing  large 
quantities  of  potash,  and  assisting  nitrify- 
ing bacteria,  thus  providing  or  placing  a 
valuable  source  of  supply  at  the  disposal 
of  the  plants,  lime  also  changes  many 
poisonous  compounds  which  are  present 
in  the  soU,  and  renders  them  practically 
harmless  to  plant  life.  Attention  given 
to  regular  liming  in  the  right  form, 
would  produce  far  better  results, 
with  a  considerable  reduction  in  plant 
disease. 

The  Rate  to  Apply. — It  is  impossible 
to  over-estimate  the  value  of  lime  to 
heavy  soils.  Everything  depends,  of 
course,  on  the  even  methods  of  sowing 
(spreading)  or  incorporating  with  the 
surface  soil.  Three  to  five  ounces  of  the 
best  form  of  horticultural  lune  is  suffi- 
cient to  the  square  yard.  Applied  to  stiff 
soils  it  aids  the  quick  passage  of  water, 
and  makes  the  surface  more  pliable  and 
porous  and  less  liable  to  cake  or  crust 
upon  drying.  Most  heavy  soils  are  rich 
in  plant  foods  and  lime  releases  this 
valuable  reserve,  greatly  to  the  benefit 
of  plant  life,  and  much  heavier  crops  are 
obtained. 

Dusting   Fruit   Trees   and  Plants.— 
Limbux  is  also   a   form  of  lime  specially 
prepared    for   dusting    trees     and     plants 
against    deadly     pests      This     refers     to 
fruit  trees,  perennials,  alpines  and    prac- 
tically every  kind  of  vegetable.     Why  be 
troubled   with    diseases    and  pests   when 
science    produces    a    natural    element   in 
the  form  of  a  prepared  lime  which   can 
be  used  by  dusting  on  the  trees  and  plants 
at  any  period  of   the  year.     There   would   be   far 
less  cry  of  Potato  blight  and  other  plant  diseases, 
caterpillars    and   other   such    pests,    both    in    and 
out  of  the  soil  if  more  attention  was  paid  to  the 
use  of  lime,  and  it  will  certainly  increase  production 
in   a  very  marked  degree.  F.R.H.S. 


GARDENING     OF     THE    WEEK 


FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Begonias. — The  tubers  which  have  been  at 
rest  should  now  be  carefully  overhauled  with  a 
view  to  gently  starting  them  into  growth.  Place 
in  boxes  of  sifted  leaf-soil  and  sand,  and  give  an 
occasional  spray  with  tepid  water.  It  is  best  not 
to  bury  the  tubers  at  all  until  growth  is  nicely  on 
the  move,  when  more  light  soil  may  be  added 
and  the  plants  grown  on  in  the  boxes,  or  they  may 
be  potted  up. 

Salvia  patens  is  quite  one  of  the  blue  gems  of 
the  garden,  being  alike  excellent  in  beds  or  massed 
on  the  herbaceous  borders.  The  plants  wintered 
in  cool  quarters  are  showing  signs  of  growth, 
and  should  be  boxed  up  or  potted  as  desired  and 
grown  steadily  on  in  cool  conditions  until  planted 
out.  Another  Salvia  of  easy  culture  which  is 
most  useful  for  beds  and  borders  is  the  variety 
known   as   Bluebeard.     Sow   seeds  now   in   gentle 


Primula   stellata   Fairy 
Queen  Improved 

This  attractive  variety  received  an  award  of 
merit  when  shown  before  the  Floral  Committee 
of  the  Royal  Horticultm-al  Society  on  January  25 
by  .Messrs.  James  Carter  and  Co.,  Raynes  Park, 
London.  It  is  'of  pyramidal  habit,  embracing 
the  floral  characters  of  stellata.  The  flowers  are 
white  with  a  pale  yellow  eye,  which  is  encircled 
by  a  ring  of  rosy  mauve. 


THE     NEW    PRIMULA    FAIRY    QUEEN    IMPROVED. 
FLOWERS    WHITE    WITH    A    PALE     YELLOW    EYE. 

heat  and  grow  on  quietly  until  the  plants  can  be 
put  out  in  May  or  June. 

Daphnes. — ^Some  of  these  flower  so  early  and 
are  so  delightfully  sweet  that  groups  of  them  are 
almost  indispensable.  .Although  not  really 
fastidious  as  to  soU,  they  seem  to  like  best  a  nice 
free  loam,  and  plenty  of  leaf-soil  and  sand  with  it. 
If  a  position  can  be  chosen  where  some  shade  is 
given  about  midday,  so  much  the  better. 

Clematis. — Where  plants  of  the  Jackmanii 
section  were  not  pruned  in  autumn  attend  to  it 
now.  The  Lanuginosa  class  must  also  receive 
attention,  but  it  is  not  advisable  to  prune  these 
quite  as  hard  as  may  be  done  to  the  former  section. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Autumn-Sown  Cnions. — Where  transplanting 
of  this  crop  is  practised,  the  work  may  be  done  at 
any  time  when  the  soil  is  in  workable  condition. 
Onions  require  a  good  depth  of  soil,  and  liberal 
treatment  is  generally  well  repaid.  Where  large 
quantities  of  small  dnions  are  required  early  in 
the  year  for  salads,  it  is  well  to  make  an  .-\ugust 
sowing  specially  for  this  purpose. 

Spring  Cnicns. — Those  sown  as  advised  in 
heat  in  January  should,  when  sufficiently  advanced 


(about  3  inches  high),  be  pricked  off  into  boxes 
fiUed  with  light  rich  soil.  .A  portion  may  be 
potted  up  singly  into  3-inch  pots  if  preferred,  and 
established  .n  this  way  before  placing  out  in 
permanent  quarters. 

Parsnips  require  a  long  season,  and  seeds  should 
be  sown  as  soon  as  condition  of  soil  and  weather 
allow.  Make  drills  15  inches  apart  and  sow 
thinly.  Should  exhibition  roots  be  desired,  deep 
holes  should  be  made  with  a  crowbar  at  intervals 
of  a  foot,  and  after  filling  the  holes  with  fine  rich 
loamy  soil  place  three  or  four  seeds  in  each  and 
afterwards  thin  to  one. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Foliage  Plants. — It  is  an  exception  rather  than 
a  rule  to  receive  many  enquiries  for  indoor  foliage 
plants,  the  demand  aU  being  for  flowering  plants, 
tienerally  speaking,  1  think  it  is  a  move  in  the 
right  direction,  but  at  the  same  time  it  would  be 
a  distinct  loss  if  "total  prohibition"  of  our  old 
foliage  friends  ever  comes, 

Crotons  and  Dracaenas. — where  these 
are  grown  he  present  is  a  good  time  o 
overhaul  the  plants  thoroughly.  If  an 
increase  is  necessary,  this  may  be  done 
by  cuttings  or  by  the  method  known  as 
ringing,  which  is  carried  out  by  cutting 
the  shoots  about  half  through  and  in  a 
slightly  upward  direction.  Then  bind 
round  the  incision  with  clean  sphagnum, 
which  should  always  be  kept  nicely  moist 
until  the  tops  of  the  plants  are  sufficiently 
rooted  to  sever  from  the  parent  plant. 
Essential  points  in  cultivation  are  a 
moist,  warm  atmosphere,  an  open  compost 
and  good  drainage. 

Palms. — Like  the  foregoing,  thorough 
dra  nage  is  necessary  for  these  plants,  and 
the  present  time  is  suitable  for  the 
potting  and  cleansing  of  them.  The  latter 
is  very  important,  and  is  more  easily 
accomplished  by  giving  the  plants  a 
weekly  spray  of  an  approved  insecticide, 
.Always  avoid  over-potting  these  subjects 

Streptocarpus. — -Seeds  may  be  sown  in 
well  drained  pots  or  pans  filled  with 
light  soU,  afterwards  placing  them  in  a 
warm,  moist  house  for  germination. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Early  Vines. — The  disbudding  and 
thinning  of  surplus  buds  and  berries 
should  always  be  in  able  hands  if  pos- 
sible, for  nothing  is  easier,  through  lack 
of  experience,  than  to  mar  good  prospects 
by  the  indiscriminate  removal  of  either  of 
these.  Better  to  go  over  a  house  for 
disbudding  half  a  dozen  times  than  to 
remove  too  many  shoots  at  once.  Thinning 
also,  more  especially  in  early  houses,  is 
often    overdone,  H.  Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland) 

Alburv  Park  Gardens,  Guild, ord. 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 
Peas. — During  suitable  weather  a  first 
sowing  outside  may  now  be  made  ;  we 
find  Pilot  and  WiUiam  I,  the  two  most  reliable 
\-arieties  for  early  work.  A  light  soU  is  preferable 
for  this  early  sowing,  but  where  the  natmral  soU 
is  clayey  or  pasty  it  may  be  helped  by  the  addition 
of  burnt  refuse  or  wood  ash. 

Rhutarb. — Now  that  the  crowns  are  showing 
signs  of  growth,  anyone  contemplatmg  planting 
may  do  so  with  safety.  Rhubarb  is  fond  of  a 
good  exposure  and  responds  readUy  to  generous 
treatment ;  too  often  the  Rhubarb  bed  is  placed 
in  some  odd  corner  of  the  garden  or  under  the 
shade  of  fruit  trees  but  if  choice  stalks  are  wanted 
this  is  a  mistake.  The  ground  should  be  1  homughlv 
prepared  and  given  a  good  quantity  of  well 
decayed  manure  some  time  pr.  vinus  to  planting. 
Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Earlv  Vines. — Growth  in  many  cases  should 
be  far  enough  advanced  to  show  the  bunches,  and  it 
can  now  be  decided  what  to  leave  and  what  surplus 
to  remove.  Stop  the  laterals  at  the  second  leaf 
beyond  the  bunch.  The  temperature  may  now  be 
increased  from  55°  to  60°  by  day  and  from  50°  to 
55°  by  night,  with  a  general  increase  in  the  moist 
conditions  of  the  house.  In  tying  down  the  laterals 
care  must  be  taken  to  do  the  work  gradually,  and 
it  is  best  done  early  in  the  morning.    \'entUate  with 


96 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  19,  1921. 


care,   especially   should  the  wind  be  from  a  cold 
direction. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Smilax. — This  elegant  climber  will  soon  be 
starting  into  growth  again,  so  should  be  split 
up  into  smaller  portions  and  repotted  into  7-inch 
pots  :  long  trails  being  in  demand  the  back  wall 
of  a  vinery  suits  admirably,  threads  being  run 
up  to  which  the  young  growths  will  readily  catch 
on.  Seed  may  also  be  sown  now  and  excellent 
results  obtained  in  this  way. 

Allan"  ant'a.- — This  beautiful  flowering  stove 
plant  should  now  be  repotted  and  pruned  back, 
allowing  it  to  occupy  a  warm  corner,  so  that 
strong  growth  may  be  encouraged. 

Primula  obronica. — To  obtain  the  best  results 
from  these  decorative  subjects  it  is  essential  that 
an  early  sowing  should  be  made.  Sow  in  a  shallow 
pan  or  box,  watering  before  sowing  and  allow  to 
drain  off.  Cover  the  seed  very  lightly,  gently 
pressing  the  siu'face  with  a  smooth  board.  Cover 
the  seed  pan  with  a  piece  of  dull  glass  and  germinate 
in  a  warm  vinery  or  pit. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

French  and  Persian  Ranunculus. — These 
richly  coloured  flowers  make  a  fine  display  and 
are  excellent  for  cutting,  more  especially  where 
flowers  have  to  be  despatched  by  post.  Beds  for 
these  should  be  completed  without  delay.  Plant 
the  tubers  in  drills  5  inches  apart  and  2  inches  deep  ; 
the  plants  are  partial  to  a  fairly  heavy  soil  and 
like  an  open  site. 

Single  Dahlias. — ^There  has  been  a  general 
tendency  during  recent  years  towards  the  raising 
and  growing  of  single  flowers,  and  none  seem  to  find 
more  favour  in  this  respect  than  the  single  Dahlia. 
From  seed  sown  now,  strong  plants  may  be  had 
ready  for  planting  out  in  June  The  seedlings 
are  most  remarkable  for  the  variety  and  brilliance 
of  their  colouring  Sow  in  pans  in  an  ordinary  fine 
compost  and  when  the  seedlings  show  their  second 
pair  of  leaves  have  them  potted  oft'  singly  into 
small  pots  and  placed  in  a  warm  greenhouse. 
Care  should  be  taken  that  the  plants  are  not  allowed 
to  become  drawn  through  being  too  close  together. 
Harden  off  gradually  before  transplanting  to  a 
cold  frame  Old  roots  of  named  varieties  may  now 
be  put  into  a  warm  pit  and  started,  so  that  cuttings 
may  be  obtained. 

James  McGran 
(Gardener  toSir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodhani,  Kilmarnock. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— JVif  Editor  endeavours 
to  wake  The  Garden  htlplut  to  all  readers  uho  desire 
assistance,  vo  matter  ivhat  the  braiich  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  inth  that  object  makes  a  special  featvrc  of  the  "Ansu-ers 
to  Correspondents  "  colvmns.  All  communications  should  he 
clearly  and  concinely  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tain^tock 
Street,  Corent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  nsed  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sen*,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-uool,  and  fioivering 
shoots,  uhere  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  art  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  fo  *ke  Publisher. 


of  a  good  flowering.  Our  correspondent  should  wiite 
to  a  good  seed  firm,  such  as  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons. 
Reading,  who,  with  otiiers,  arrange  the  seeds  of  these 
annuals  in  a  colour  proportion  in  a  special  mixture. 
Poorly  grown,  the  flow^trs  overtop  the  leaves  and  give  a 
wondrous  procession  of  beauty  for  weeks  on  end. 

THE     GREENHOUSE. 

LAPAGERIA  ROSEA  (Felsted).~This  is  a  very  suitable 
climber  for  a  greenhouse  heated  sufficiently  in  ^vinter  to 
keep  out  frosts.  lu  addition  to  the  type  with  rosy  crim  on 
flowers,  there  are  tliree  beautiful  varieties — alba,  pure 
white;  superba,  crimson;  and  Nash  Court  variety, 
intense  rich  crimson. 

TREATMENT  OF  AMARYLLIS  BULBS  (Essex).— 
Average  size  flowering  bulbs  of  Amaryllis  are  grown  in 
6-inch  pots  ;  a  size  smaller  may  be  used  for  seedlings 
and  offsets,  and  7-inch  pots  for  extra  large  bulias.  Compost, 
equal  parts  turfy  loam,  peat,  leaf-mould  and  coarse  sand, 
adding  a  1  ttle  old  decayed  manure.  A  similar  soil  will 
suit  Begonias  and  Gloxinias,  though  if  peat  is  not  abundant, 
two  parts  loam  may  be  substituted  for  the  Bigonias. 
Small  bulbs  of  both  may  be  grown  in  5-inch  pots  ;  large 
bulbs  in  6-inch  pots  ;    and  the  very  largest  in  7-inch  pots. 

TH  EES     AND     SHR  UBS. 

SEED  OF  TREE  P>EONIES  (L.  .S.  li..  Hrrts).—lf  the 
husks  are  soaked  for  a  few  liours  it  is  probable  that  the 
seeds  will  be  easy  to  extract.  This  method  should  be 
tried  in  preference  to  sowing  the  seeds  in  tlin  fruits. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

*  EARLY   SUMMER    FLOWERS    (Broot«idr).— Coreopsis 

grand  flora.  Sweet  Wilbams  and  Canterbury  Bells  are 
often  used  to  plant  lawn  beds;  to  herald  in,  as  it  were, 
the  more  formal  summer  bedding.  Mesembryanthrmum 
acinac  forme  cannot  be  considered  perfectly  hardy,  as 
it  only  survives  our  winters  in  the  mildest  parts  of  the 
country,  notably  on  the  very  favourable  Cornish  cliffs. 

PRECOCIOUS  FLOWERS,  AND  OTHER  QUESTIONS 
(F.  C,  Beigaie). — The  Cheiijinthiis  and  lonopsidium  are 
spring  and  summer  flowering  subjects  resptctiv)  1>- ;  their 
flowering  in  winter  time  is  in  the  nature  of  a  freak. 
Precociousness  and  out  of  season  flowerirg  afford  no 
gen-pral  guide ;  they  are  dependent  upon  individual  plant 
development  and  the  season.  Our  correspondent  will  find 
the  firm  of  Messrs.  Robert  Veitch  and  Son,  Exeter, 
perfectly  reliable  to  give  h's  Devon  friend  all  the  h  Ip 
he  needs.  Established  there  many  years,  no  firm  piobably 
knows  the  county  better.  Our  corrfspondent  will  also 
find  that  firm's  nurseries  rich  in  good  things  and  rare, 
indoors  as  well  as  outdoors. 

GROWING  NASTURTIUMS  (0.  D.  D.,  Hants). —These 
would  be  quite  suitable  for  chalk  soils,  and  in  these  and 
poor  so  Is  do  infinitely  better  than  in  richer  sods.  Dig 
moderately,  but  add  no  manure  of  any  kind.  Rich 
soils,   promoting  leaf  growth,   would  ruin  the  prospects 


FRUIT     GARDEN. 

TRAINING  CORDON  APPLES  AND  PEARS  (Felsted).— 
Our  correspondent  does  not  say  whether  the  cordons 
are  single  or  double.  If  the  fornuT  8  feet  high  posts 
would  have  been  better;  that  is  to  say,  provided  the 
position  is  sheltered.  If  the  cordons  are  double  6  feet 
will  be  all  right.  If  they  are  single  cordons  they 
should  be  trained  obliquely  at  an  angle  of,  say.  yo*.  The 
6  foot  trellis  will  then  suit  them  for  a  long  time.  The 
trellis  should  run  north  and  south,  if  possible. 

THE  MORELLO  CHERRY  (E.  V.,  Nogent-!c-fio(rou).— 
"  There  are  two  spi-cics  of  Cerasus  found  wild  in  Britain  ; 
others  are  natives  of  Southern  Europe.  The  Morello, 
Duke  and  Kentisli  varieties  are  supposed  to  have  been 
derived  from  the  Wild,  or  dwarf.  Cherry  (Cerasus 
Cuproniana),  and  the  Geans,  Hearts  and  Bigarreaus 
from  the  tall  Wild  Gean  (Avium).  They  have  been  in 
cultivation  from  an  early  j)eriod.  and  whether  the  origm 
of  all  the  varieties  now  cnltivattd  is  confined  to  these 
species  or  in  part  to  others  is  not  definitely  known  " 
(Nicholson).  The  Morello  is  easily  grown  ami  a  prolific 
bearer.  The  fruit  is  not  sweet ;  it  is  used  for  preserving, 
as  a  liqueur  (Cherry  brandy),  and  in  other  ways.  Propa- 
gation is  effected  by  budding  or  grafting  on  the  Wild 
Cherry  s.ock.  This  is  obtained  by  sowing  seeds  and 
planting  the  seedlings  in  nursery  rows  in  the  usual  way. 

KITCHEN     GARDEN. 

TOMATOES  FOR  WINTER  USE  AND  TO  RIPEN  IN 
MARCH  (7'.  ./.  H..  Dero)i).—By  sowing  at  the  end  of 
June  and  growing  the  youug  plants  on  in  pots  in  a  sheltered 
sxmny  position  out  of  doors  ;  replanting  into  their  fruiting 
pots  at  the  end  of  August,  still  keeping  the  plants  out  of 
doors  until  the  end  of  September.  Such  plants  ought 
to  yield  a  good  supply  of  fruit  up  to  Clu-istmas  rf  placed 
under  glass  at  that  time  and  assisted  with  a  little  fire  heat 
during  spells  of  cold  weather.  The  fruiting  pots  should 
be  8  inches  in  diameter  and  fairly  well  drained,  say,  half 
an  inch  of  broken  crocks  over  the  hole  at  the  bottom. 
Use  half  turfy  loam  and  half  good  garden  soil,  with  a 
sprinkling  of  lime  and  bone-meal,  mixing  well  together. 
In  planting  in  the  r  fruiting  pots  half  fill  the  pots  at  planting 
time  only,  reseiving  the  other  space  for  top-dressing  later. 
The  price  of  coal  for  the  heating  of  such  big  houses  would 
more  than  swallow  up  any  profit  our  correspondent  might 
hope  to  make  ;  moreover,  useful  imported  fruits  are  freely 
offered  at  that  time  in  our  markets.  Should  our  corre- 
spondent wish  to  make  the  attempt  on  a  small  scale,  sow  the 
seed  about  the  middle  of  September,  grow  the  plants  in  a 
cool  temperature,  and  near  the  glass  so  as  to  keep  them 
sturdy.  Repot  into  their  fruiting  pots  at  the  end  of 
January  and  apply  more  heat. 

MISCELLANEO'JS. 

VARIEGATED  GRASS  (A.  R.  O.  S.,  S.  Devon).— The 
grass  described  is  apparently  Dactvlis  glomerata 
elegantissima,  which  isin  thelist  of  Messrs.'V.  N.  Gauntlet  t 
and  Co.,  Limited.  Chiddingfold,  Surrey. 

LEAF-MOULD  (C.  A.  W.,  Boss-on-Wye).— It  is  not 
wise  u>  n>r  (Ir.-ayed  leaves  of  Walnut,  Horse  Chestnut 
and  Syraninrf  iii  quantity  for  pot  plants.  1  hough  they  can 
be  used  safely  out  of  doors.  The  reason  they  are  un- 
suitable for  pot  plants  is  a  mechanica  lone,  for  they  do  not 
exert  the  same  opening  effect  upon  the  soil  as  leaves  like 
Oak  or  Beech.  Tlie  leaves  of  Oak  and  Beech  form  better 
leaf-mould  than  the  leaves  of  other  trees. 

WEEDKILLER  FOR  PATHS  (R.  R.  F.,  Dorset).— 
As  a  rule  paths  do  not  need  dressing  with  weedkiller 
more  than  once  a  year  in  order  to  keep  them  free  of  weeds. 
It  is  a  good  plan  to  use  the  weedkdler  on  paths  at  the 
beginning  of  summer.  If  signs  of  weeds  appear  later 
in  the  year  a  second  application  should  be  made  in 
autumn,  but  that  is  rarely  necessary. 

SWEET  ORANGE  MARMALADE.— In  The  Garden 
of  March  23.  U)18,  appeared  an  excellent  recipe  for  sweet 
Orange  marmalade,  by  Mrs.  E.  J.  Beckett.  Aldenham. 
Unfortunately  my  paper  has  got  badly  torn,  and  I  wonder 
if  you  would  kindly  repeat  it  in  The  Garden.  It  is 
really  one  of  the  best  recipes  I  have  tried. — N.  H,, 
Weybridge. 

The  rec  pe  is  as  follows :  Weigh  the  Oranges  before 
boiling,    and    allow  IJlb.    of  sugar    and    two    pints    of 


water  to  each  pound  of  fruit,  adding  one  Lemon  to 
every  three  Oranges.  Boil  the  fruit  in  the  water 
until  a  pin-head  can  be  pushed  into  it  quite  easily. 
Take  the  fruit  out  of  the  liquid  and  carefully 
save  the  latter,  adding  the  sugar  to  it  to  dissolve.  On 
a  dish  cut  up  the  boiled  fruit  very  finely,  removing 
the  pips  or  anything  hard,  and  then  place  it  in  the  syrup 
in  a  p'reserving  pan  and  boil  quickly,  stirring  well  until 
the  preserve  will  set  when  tried  on  a  cold  plate.  It  can 
tlien  be  bottled  down.  In  these  times,  when  butter  is 
so  scarce,  many  people  find  this  an  admirable  substitute 
on  the  breakfast  table,  and  being  so  easily  and  quickly 
made,  can  be  available  to  many. 

NAMES    OF    PLANTS.  —  Lady    E.,     Bants.  —  Cedrus 

aVlantica,  var.  glauea. A.  J .  P.,  Somerset. — 1.  Berberis 

Darwinii ;  2.  Pier  s  floribunda;  3,  Daphne  Laureola. 


IVIRS.  R.   O.  BACKHOUSE 

IN     MEMORIAM. 

Just  when  one  was  thinking  and  wondering  what 
new  marvels  in  Daffodils  Mrs.  Backhouse  would 
be  bringing  to  London  and  Birmingham,  the  news 
reaches  me  that  she  has  passed  away  from  us,  and 
one  gradually  realises  that  even  if  we  see  her 
flowers,  she,  their  maker,  will  no  more  be  with 
them.  Few  of  the  famous  raisers  of  new  varieties 
were  less  known  by  the  rank  and  file,  for  she  seldom 
appeared  on  committees  or  at  meetings,  and  it  was 
not  very  often  that  she  staged  many  flowers  in 
public,  but  when  she  did,  it  was  something  like  a 
revelation  to  sec  what  was  there.  I  fancy  in  her 
quiet  way  she  loved  to  surprise  us  and  this  she 
certainly  did  at  Birmingham  in  1919  and  at  London 
in  1920.  Those  red  cups  and  eyes  which  were 
the  outstanding  feature  of  last  season's  show  will 
never  be  forgotten  by  those  who  saw  them  as 
being  in  their  way  the  high  water  mark  of  Daffodil 
development — -flowers  as  impossible  to  imagine  a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago  as  Byron's  "  Roses  in 
December  and  Ice  in  June."  Whatever  the  fates 
have  in  store  for  these  latter  day  marvels,  Mrs. 
Backhouse  s  name  will  always  be  coupled  with  tli' 
Leedsiis.  The  Fawn,  a  giant  Leedsii,  is  one  of  the 
best  of  all  garden  Daffodils.  Then  she  is  responsible 
for  Czarina  and  Lord  Kitchener  and  others  equally 
good,  but  not  so  well  known.  She  gained  her 
first  award  in  London  with  the  epoch-making 
Moonbeam — a  pure  white,  small  type  Leedsii — on 
May  7,  1901,  and  it  is  an  immense  loss  to  us  Daffodil 
people  to  think  that  just  when  more  honours  for 
her  flowers  seemed  imminent,  she  has  been  taken 
away.  In  191 6  she  was  awarded  the  Barr  Cup 
for  her  work  among  the  Daffodils  she  loved  so  well 
and  which,  with  her  genius  for  hybridismg  and 
seedling  raising,  she  made  so  much  of.  Other 
flowers  attracted  her,  for  she  was  catholic  in  her 
tastes  How  well  I  remember  her  little  exhibit 
of  Hyacinths  at  Vincent  Square,  when  all  Dutch 
bulbs  were  prohibited  from  coming  into  the  country. 
"Where  did  you  get  these?"  "They  are  my 
own  raising.  I  have  quite  a  good  number."  The 
flowers  staged  were  good.  It  made  me  think  of 
what  Justice  said  more  than  a  century  ago.  "  How 
is  it  we  don  t  try  to  raise  Hyacinths  in  Britain  ?  " 
I  wish  he  could  have  seen  Mrs.  Backhouse's.  Our 
sympathies  go  out  to  her  husband  in  his  great 
bereavement.  Joseph    Jacob. 


To  all  English  flower-lovers,  certainly  to  all 
lovers  of  the  best  and  most  essentially  English 
flower  of  spring,  the  death  of  Mrs.  R.  O. 
Backhouse  will  have  brought  a  sense  of  irre- 
placeable loss.  As  the  Daffodil  took  much  of 
its  beginnings  from  the  brain  and  hands  of 
her  predecessor  of  the  same  name,  so  it 
certainly  culminated  in  hers.  Those  who  were 
privileged  last  April  to  compare  the  contents 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  s  Hall  at 
large  with  her  one  small  stand  will  have  discerned 
the  wide  gap  between  talent  and  genius.  Let 
us  hope  there  are  flowers  there.     G.  H.  Engleheabt 


February    19,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN 


vr 


EGETABLE 


DELICIOUS  VE6ETA6LE8 '"»?' 

Quick-Grooving  Strains  of  Special  Merit. 

We'  bs"  Kinvcr  Mammoth  Lonjipod  Broad  Bean...'J,3  per  pint 

Webbs    Supreme  Dwarf  French  Bean  ...2/6  per  pint 

Webbs'  Keliance  Globe  Beet 6  f.  and  1/-  per  pacUet  ILLUSTRATED 

Webbs'    Leader  Cabbage. ..6d.  and  1/-  per  packet.  1/9  per  ource 

Webbs'  Early  Frame  Cauliflower  1/  and  1/6  per  packet  CATALOGUE   of 

Webbs'  Wonderful  Carrot    1/6  per  ounce  wcnrTADi  r        j 

Webbs'  Pink  Perfection  Celery   6d  and  I/- per  packet  VtUtlAbLt  and 

Webbs'   Freedom  Cucumber 1,6  and  2/6  per  pacUet  ri  nu/cn     cccnc 

Webbs'  Forcing  Gem  Lettuce  6d..  I/-  and  1,6  per  racket  rLUV¥EK     actus, 

Webbs'  Selected  Ailsa  Craig  Onion  1/-  and  1/6  per  packet  1  iiiiim  cccnc    a- 

Webbs'  Little  Marvel  Pea 2,6  per  pint,  4/6  per  quart  "■"""  otLUO,  ac. 

Webbs'  Surprise  Pea    2,'6  per  pint.  4/6  per  quart  POST    FREE. 

Webbs'  Favourite  Radish    !,'-  per  ounce 

Webbs'  Early  Favourite  Tomato I'-  and  I,'6  per  packet 

Webbs'  Express  Potato 7/6  per  peck.  25/-  per  bushel 

WEBB     &     SONS,    LTD.,    STOURBRIDGE. 


Kv  appointment. 


Write    for    ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE    POST    FREE 

from 


REGISTERED  TRADE  MARK 


T^^^t^ 


RAYNES  PARK,  LONDON,  S.W. 

Branches     I  ^37   &   238,   High   Holborn,  W.C. 
1  53a,   Queen  Victoria   Street,    E.C. 


DOBBIE'S  CATALOGUE 


And  Guide  to  Gardening. 


Spring  1921 


A    FREE    COPY 

X^TALoboE  m        ill  be     eni  to  anyone  interested 

^eoi^Putnsj^    in  Grdeniii     wllfi  makes  appli 

Spflf^c  y  lU   cation  and   i  eM^io«s  The  Gardkn 


Our  House   U   noted   for    HIGH- 
GRADE  VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER 
SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 
POTATOES,  and  PLANTS. 

IN    SWEET     PEAS    WE    ARE    PRE-EMINENT. 


Seedsmen  and  Florists  to 
H.M.  tht  King 


DOBBIE  &  Co.  Ltd. 

EDINBURGH. 

HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid. — "  Cocntby  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


CHARLES  TURNER'S 


CATALOGUE     OF 


GARDEN  SEEDS  FOR  1921 

IS     NOW    READY, 
and  can  be  had  on  appli  ation. 


THE    ROYAL  NURSERIES, 


SLOUGH. 


Forbes'  1921  Catalogue 

Carnations.  Pelargoniums  Pentstemons. 

Phloxes.  Florists'   Flowers. 

Hardy    Border    Perennials.  Seeds,   etc. 

FREE     ON    APPLICATION. 

JOHN  FORBES  (Hawick)  Limited,  The  King's 

Nurserymen,    Hawictf,    Scotland. 


A    Record    Av\^and 


SIMPSONS' 

SUPER-SEED 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

gained 

13  Awards  of 

Merit  and 

10  Highly 

Commended 

Wtsley 


at 


R.H.S.    1920 
Trials. 


Order  now  from  these  unique  strains- 
limited  quantities  availybie.     Orders 

executed  in  strict  rotation. 
Our  Seeds  are  of  Tesfed  Growths  of 
Peifigree    Stocks    and    are    ^oV/    at 
conifycfifioii.    con- 


p rices    that  jie_ 

sist  nt  xcith  quality. 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

Seeds  and  Plants  of  most  exquisite  tints,  flower- 
ing profusely  aU  Summer  in  masses  of  colour. 

SWEET  PEAS 

Seeds  and  Plan's  of  English-grown  strains. 
List  gives  wonderful  Colour  Schemes  by 
R.  F.  Felton,  P.R.H.S. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDS 

Gr^.winfi  larfie,  strong,  healthy  plants. 

Asl-  /or  Catali  f^uc  So.  2.  free  from 

W.  H.  SIMPSON  &  SONS 

Snper-Seed    Specialists.    BIRMINGHAM. 


CHRYSANTHEMUIVIS, 

General    Catalogue    of    all    the    leadinjj    varieties, 
also    Novelty    List,    now    ready,    post    free,    from 

KEITH     LUXFORD     &     CO., 
Sheering  Nurseries,  Harlow,  Essex. 


Vlll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   iq,   1921. 


Around    the    Markets 

JUST  lately  some  plants  of  tiic  fragrant  Boronia 
megastigma,  so  desired  by  "  Seiners, "  have 
been  on  offer  and,  although  the  quaintly-toned 
flowers  are  not  showy,  they  soon  found  buyers. 
The  price,  naturally,  is  distinctly  higher  than 
when  tiicy  were  sent  up  in  quantity,  but, 
considering  the  extra  skill  needed  in  cultivation, 
present  rates  cannot  be  considered  excessive.  Primulas 
are  not  so  plentiful  as  was  the  case  this  time  last  year. 
It  may  be  that  the  returns  were  not  good  enough  to 
encourage  continued  cultivation  on  a  large  scale.  Most 
of  those  now  sold  are  of  the  sinensis  type  and  in  5-inch 
pots.  So  far  I  have  not  seen  many  of  the  small  plant-s 
which  were  so  admirable  last  spring.  These  perfect 
little  specimens  in  3-inch  pots  were  very  fascinating. 
For  market  work  the  dark-leaved  strains  are  the  most 
satisfactory.  The  dark-leaved  sorts  are  hardier  and 
not  so  brittle  as  the  pale  leaved.  The  little  plants  of 
Primula  malacoides  are  very  dainty.  A  few  have  been 
offered  in  5-inch  pots,  but  they  arc  not  so  decorative 
as  the  smaller  plants. 

Cyclamen  have  apparently  lost  favour  as  pot  plants, 
and  one  can  scarcely  wonder.  The  atmosphere  of  a 
living-room  is  not  at  all  suited  to  the  needs  of  these 
plants,  which  have  been  grown  on  "  a  moist  bottom " 
and  in  considerable  atmospheric  moisture.  Then,  again, 
Cyclamen  require  more  care  in  watering  than  does  the 
average  greenhouse  plant,  and  if  too  much  is  given,  the 
flowers  quickly  flop  down.  Ericas  soem  to  have  had  a 
long  season,  and  there  are  still  plenty  of  plants  to  be 
had.  The  Epacris  in  5-iuch  pots  appeal  much  more  to 
me,  and  they  remain  fresh  and  bright  for  a  longer  period. 
Spring  bulbs  in  pots  and  small  boxes  are  exceedincly 
plentiful  and  make  a  fine  show  on  the  difi^ercnt  stands. 
There  is  quite  a  large  trade  done  in  Funkias,  mostly  of 
the  lanceolata  type.  These  plants  are,  of  course,  bought 
for  their  foliage,  and  it  is  chiefly  those  of  silver  and  golden 
variegation. 

The  cut-flower  trade  has  increased  greatly  just  lately 
and  so  have  supplies,  so  there  continues  to  be  goodly 
quantities  of  nearly  all  sorts  on  view,  but  the  c^lde^  weather 
will  soon  alter  this  state  of  affairs.  Tulips  of  many 
varieties  are  to  be  seen  in  great  numbers,  as  also  are 
Daftodils ;  these  are  principally  of  Emperor,  Sir  Watkin, 
Princeps  and  Victoria.  White  flowers  are  more  plentiful 
now,  and  one  sees  ample  suppii-^s  of  Wlilte  Azaleas,  White 
Arums  and  Lilium  longiflorum.  There  are  generally 
countless  thousands  of  Violets  from  France,  but  these 
are  always  days  too  late  in  arriving,  so  the  petals  have 
curled  inwards  and  they  arc  no  longer  fragrant.  There 
is  a  deal  of  inferior  quality  French  and  Dutcli  cut-flowers 
arriving  every  week  in  a  useless  condition. 

Somewhat  concerned  by  the  daily  Press  statements 
on  the  Potato  trade,  and  particularly  over  the  give-away 
prices  which  were  quoted.  I  have  "  speered  "  widely  and 
I  believe,  discreetly,  but  failed  to  find  any  philanthropist 
who  was  in  a  position  to  feed  the  poor  with  cheap  Potatoes. 
I  fear  the  wish  that  Potatoes  should  be  very  plentiful 
and  cheap  was  father  to  the  statements,  because  the 
unfortunate  truth  is  that  there  are  none  too  many  really 
good  Potatoes  in  the  cou  itry  and  that  the  only  very 
cheap  tubers  are  of  the  cheap  and  nasty  order.  Onions, 
now,  really  are  decidedly  cheaper.  This  is,  of  course, 
due  to  the  exceptionally  mild  winter,  in  consequence  of 
which  the  bulbs  have  commenced  to  grow  and  are  fast 
losing  weight,  as  well  as  being  unusable.  For  some 
reason,  not  readily  apparent,  there  is  almost  a  shortage 
of  forced  Rhubarb,  but  this  is  certain  to  be  only  temporar>'. 
Cauliflowers  ard  sound  Brussels  Sprouts  arc  much  sought 
after,  and  there  are  no  present  possibilities  of  larger 
supplies.  French  salads,  also,  are  unequal  to  the  demand. 
February  11.  A.  CoSTER. 


SOCIETIES 

NATIONAL   CHRYSANTHEMUM    SOCIETY. 

ANNUAL    MEETING. 

On  Monday  evening,  the  7th  inst.,  the  members  of  the 
above  society  held  their  annual  meeting,  when  Mr.  E.  H. 
Hawes,  in  the  absence  of  the  president.  Sir  Albert  Kollit, 
occupied  the  chair.  The  annual  n-jjort  and  balance 
sheet  having  been  circulated,  the  chairman  proposed 
the  reception  and  adoption  of  them.  He  rapidly  passed 
in  review  the  work  accomplished  during  the  past  year, 
and  hopefully  expressed  his  opinion  that  the  society 
would  now  soon  regain  much  of  its  ancient  prestige. 
The  work  of  the  floral  and  executive  committees  was 
alluded  to  in  detail — excellent  papers  by  Mr.  Percy 
Cragg  and  Mr.  Thomas  Stevenson  had  been  read  on 
two  occasions  following  executive  committee  meetings, 
thus  opening  up. the  idea  of  educational  work  wiiich 
had  been  stopped  by  the  war. 

Two  serious  losses  by  the  deaths  of  Mr.  T.  Bcvan  and 
Mr.  R.  Ballantine,  both  very  old  workers  in  the  society, 
were  to  be  deplored  ;  but  it  was  hoped  that  new  members 
would  be  inauced  to  join  in  goodly  numbers  so  that  the 
work  would  continue. 

Their  grateful  thanks  were  due  to  the  donors  of  special 
prizes — nearly  all  of  whom  had  kindly  promised  to  renew 
them  for  1921.  There  was  also  good  ground  for  con- 
gratulation that  the  society  would  this  year  have  the 
advantage  of  holding  a  two  days'  show  entirely  on  its 
own. 

The  proposition,  seconded  by  Mr.  John  Green,  was 
carried. 

The  election  of  officers  then  took  place,  with  the  fohowing 
result :,  president.  Sir  Albert  Rollit ;  treasurer,  Mr.  John 
Green  ;  '  chairman,    Mr.    E.    F.    Hawes  ;     vice-chairman. 


Mr.  I).  Ingamells ;  foreign  secretary,  Mr.  C.  Harman 
Payne  ;    secretary  and  editor,  Mr.  Charles  H.  Curtis. 

Mr.  Harman  Payne  drew  attention  to  tbe  renewal  of 
the  congresses  of  the  French  Chrysanthemum.  Their 
French  colleagues,  after  a  lapse  of  eight  years,  had  decided 
to  renew  their  annual  gatherings  this  year  by  holding 
a  show  and  congress  at  Le  Mans.  They  were  very 
desirous  of  making  it  an  international  manifestation, 
and  English  visitors  and  exhibits  of  English-grown 
Chrysanthemums  and  seedlings  were  specially  invit(d. 
A  very  cordial  welcome  is  offered  to  all  visitors  from 
this  side  ol  the  Channel.  Mr.  Harm?n  Payne  then  gave 
brief  details  of  the  International  Horticultural  Show  at 
Turin  next  May.  The  National  Clu-ysanthfmum  Society 
having  on  two  former  occasions  been  represented  at 
flower  shows  in  Turin,  he  thought  some  members  might 
be  interested — in  each  case  he  would  be  pleased  to  give 
further  details. 

The  election  of  one-third  of  the  executive  committee, 
retiring  by  rule,  was  next  proceeded  with.  The  annral 
subscription  was  raised  from  the  minimum  of  5s.  per 
annum  to  7s.  6d.  A  vote  of  thanks  to  the  chairman 
brought  the  proceedings  to  a  close. 


Gift  of  Park  to  the  Hamilton  Town  Council.— 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Town  Council  of 
Hamilton  it  was  announced  that  the  Duke  and 
Duchess  of  Hamilton  had  offered  as  a  gift  to  the 
town  about  twenty- two  acres  of  the  grounds 
in  front  of  Hamilton  Palace  as  a  recreation  ground, 
together  with  various  superiorities  and  other 
properties.  Sir  Harry  S.  Keith,  the  Provost, 
in  moving  the  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Duke  and 
Duchess,  stated  that  the  annual  value  was 
nominally  0^o  per  annum.  The  gift  has  been 
enthusiasticallv  received. 


V^ONDERFUL 
R   E    S  U  l_T  S 


b>- 


SEEDS  &  FERTILIZERS 

Gardeners  should  us^  i/iem 

WfSltRN  C0UUIIE5  SffO  WAREHOJSti.QARNMAPLt 


PhoriB  J  82. 


Tele  :  FRANK  CANT,  Colchester. 


CANT'S 

CHAMPION 

ROSES 

for  all  Soils  and  Situations. 
Known  and  grown  throughout  the  world. 

FRANK    CANT    &    CO., 

Braisn'ick    Rose   Gardens. 

(Dept.  A),  Colchester. 

Catalogue  post  free  on  application. 


FLOWER  SEEDS. 


The  Ipswich  Hardy  Plant  and 

Seed  Specialists,  with  a  reputation 
of  70  years  to  uphold,  offer  a  large  selec- 
tion of  Choice  Seeds,  including  the  Best 
Annuals  and  the  Seeds  of  m-iny  Rare 
Plants  not  offered  elsewhere. 
VEGETABLE  SEEDS.     Specially  selected  stocUs. 

SEED     POTATOES.       Guaranteed    Scotch    and    once 
grown,  at  low  prices. 

HARDY  PLANTS.     Pre-War  quality  at  Pre-War  prices. 

FRUIT  TREES.     Large  fruiting,   5/-  each. 

CATALOGUES   on   applicatioti   to 

THOMPSON     &     MORGAN,    IPSWICH. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 


JAPANESE, 

for  Exhibition  Blooms,  Incurved,  Singles, 
and  Decoratives  for  the  Greenhouse 

Should    be   obtained   during    February. 

Our    selection    of   best    varieties    6/-    per    dozen. 

Early  flowering  varieties  for  the  garden  to 
be  planted  in  April  or  May.  Our  selections 
5/-    per     dozen,    or    100    in    25    sorts     for    30/- 

WELLS'      BOOK, 

"THE  CULTURE  OF  THE  CHRYSANTHEMUM," 

in   art   paper   covers,    2/9    post   free, 
or   in   quarter  cloth,  3/10   post  free. 


Write  for  Catalogue  and  Novelty  List,  post  free. 


W.  WELLS  &  CO.,  MERSTHAM,  SURREY. 


ROBERT  VEITGH  &  SON, 

Royal  Nurseries  &  High  Street,. 
EXETER. 


VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER  SEEDS. 

Vei:ch's  Special   Introductions  of  their  own  raising, 
and  many  Novelties  of  Exceptional  Merit. 

Hardy  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees,  Roses,  &c.  i 

Fruit    Trees,     Herbaceous    Plants. 
Landscape     Gardening. 

ALL  CATALOGUES   FREE  ON    APPLICATION.  ' 


For  BEST  results  you 
MUST     PLANT      NOW 

Hardy  Border  Carnations 

We  have  magnificent  stocks  of  all  the  best  varieties. 
The  undermentioned  collections  are  available: — 

Coll.  ^o.  Ic— 6  distinct  varieties,  12/- 

CoII.   No.    2c.— 12   disiinct   varieties.    24/- 

Coli.  No.  3c.— 100  Plants  in  the   twelve  best  standard 

varieties,  140/- 

Carrlage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

ALLWOODII. 

The  new  hardy  Garden  Plant.  Half  Pink  and  half  Carnatiofit 
it  needs  noculture.  but  grows  by  itself  anywhere,  and  flowers 
perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter.  We  can  give  immediate 
delivery,  and  offer  the  undermentioned  collection-^: — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varielieis,  11/- 

Coll.  No. 2b. —9  distinct  varieties  (including  3  novelties).23/6 

Coll.   No.    3b.— 12     distinct    varieties    (including    all  6 

novelties),  40i- 

Carrlago  and  packing  froe  for  oash. 

CULTU RAL    BOOKLET,    6d.    post   free. 

Our    Fully    Illustrated    and   descriptive   Catalogue    will 
filadly  he  forwarded  Post  free  on  request. 

I  When  yoQ  think  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


The  leading  Carnation  Raisers  i  nd  Specialists 

in  the  World.  Dept.  4. 
HAYWARDS        HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


February   ig,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


IX. 


32nd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

'ost    free,  or    carriage    paid    passenger     train.        Packing    free,    no    delay.        24  -    worth    for    2    /-•        Lote    can    bo 
ivided.       Please  add  4d.   extra  for   orders    under  3/-,   to    help   meet  high    rate   of    postage.        Cash   with   order. 
Plant  now  for  success.     Splendid  strong,  hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year. 


Alyssum,  Gold  ])ns1,  (>,  1 '4.  Anthemis  Krlwayi.  4.  l/ii. 
Anchusa  Dropmoir,  uloriou;-  bhu'.  4.  I  /»>.  Antirrhinum, 
'tronu'.    --turdy    tran^plautiii,     1:*,     'J.  r>  Aquilegia,    loiiu- 

-purr»d.  tj,  l/t>';  mixed  ^orts,  12,  1/9.  Aubrietia,  rich  purplr, 
12,  1/9.  Auricula,  Alpino,  tJ.  1/6.  Auricula,  >liow  varieties, 
4,  1/6.  Aletroemeria,  Flann-,  3,  l/«.  Achillea  l'i-;irl,  6,  1/6. 
Agrostemma,  ^■lilll^on.  6,  1/6.  Alpine  Wallflowers,  -20. 
1/6.     Alpine  Pinks,  6,  1/4.     Arabis,  »lniilil<'  \vliiir,  6,   1/4. 

Brompton  Stocks,  separate  colours  or  mixed,  6,  1/6. 

Campanula,  dwarf  Carpatiea,  and  W'aWenbert'ia,  4,  1/6. 
Campanula,  tall,  Grandis,  Macrautlia,  Per.^icifolia,  4.  1/6. 
Campanula  Pyraniidalis,  handsome  Chimney  Bellflowi-r, 
)lue  or  white,  two-year  plants.  3,  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells, 
plendid  ]>lants  for  grand  .sliow,  large  flowering,  while,  pink, 
>iue  and  new  hybrius.  single.  6,  1/4.  Doubles,  anu  Cup  and 
iaucer,  same  colours.  6.  l;6.  Carnations,  good  double 
JOider.  mixed.  6.  1/6.  Carnations,  Searlet  or  Wliite  Grenadin, 
t,  1/6.  Carnation  Vienna,  Carnation  Chaubaud.  4,  1/6. 
^rnation  ■MuFL.'aret,  scarlet,  orimM>n,  whit^*^,  pink,  yellow 
.round,  Clove  M'enteo,  4,  1/4.  Chinese  Pinks,  12,  1/6. 
Cornflowers,  Elue.  12,  1/6.  Coreopsis  grandiflora,  6,  1/6. 
3istu8,  Rock,  6,  1/6.  Chrysanthemum,  maximum,  large 
vhite.  market  favourite,  Kobinsonii.  ftlrs.  Bell,  6,  1/6. 
^ntaurea  montana.  large  peremiial  Cornflower,  4,  1/4. 
Christmas  Roses,  Jariie  roots,  full  of  bud.  2,  1/9.  Cowslips, 
ed,  6.  1  4.     Crucianella,  pink.  1/4. 

Daisies  for  bedding,  tlie  new  variety,  enormous  double 
)looms,  pink  or  white,  15,  1/6.  Daisies,  ordinary  oouble 
)ink  and  white  bedding,  20,  1/6.  Dianthus,  new  type,  4'qual 
^rnations,  all  colours,  12,  1/6.  Delphiniums,  splendid 
)lants.  good  varieties,  2,  1/4.  Dianthus,  creeping,  bright 
rimson,  4,  1/4.  Dielytra  spectabilis,  Bleeding  Jb'art,  large 
oot,  2,  1/9. 

Evening  Primrose,  tall  or  dwarf,  4,  1/4.  Eccremo- 
-.arpus,  liardy  climber,  trusses  orange  flowers,  2,  1/4. 

Forget-me-nots,  best  compact  large  flowering,  dark  or 
ight  blue,  15,  1/6.  Foxgloves,  purple,  pink  or  white,fll2, 
L/6.     Fuchsia,  hardy  crimson  bush,  4,U/9. 

Qaillardia  grandillora,  splendid  colours,  enormous  blooms, 
3,  1/6.  Qypsophila  paniculata,  4,  1/6.  Geum  Mrs.  Brad- 
haw,  trut',  large  double  scarlet,  2,  1/6.  Qeum  Glory,  orange 
•carlet,  double  and  semi-double,  a,  1/4.  Qalega,  graceful 
Goat'ir-rut ,  mauve  or  white,  4,  1/6. 

Hollyhocks,  Kelway's  splendid  doubles,  4.  1/6;  singles 
3,  1/6.  Hemerocallis,  very  handsome  hardy  yellow  and 
irange  LUy,  3,  1/6.  Heuchera,  red,  4,  1/4.  Honesty,  9,  1/6. 
Hypericum,  Rose  of  Sharon,  4,  1/6.  Helenium  Bigelowi, 
Hoopcrii,  Autumnal,  and  Kiverton  Gem,  4,  1/4.  Helianthus, 
5).  1/4. 

Iceland  Poppies,  five  colours,  6,  1/6.  Incarvillea 
Delavayi.  very  hanilsome,  2,  1/4.  Iris,  large  Flag,  white, 
^'ellow,  mauve,  blue,  purple,  separate.  3,  1/6;  mixed,  4,  1/6. 
Iris,  Japanese,  large,  beautiful  colours,  3,  1/6. 

Lavender,  fragrant  bushes,  3,  1/6.  Lily  of  the  Valley, 
■trong  flowering  crowns,  6,  1/6.  Linum,  Blue  Flax,  9,  1/6. 
Lobelia  cardinaiis,  scarlet  spikes,  4,  1/6.  London  Pride, 
>,  1/6.  Lupin,  Yellow  Tree,  nothing  more  beautiful,  3,  1/6. 
Lupin  polypbyllus,  blue,  white,  pink,  4,  1/6.  Lupins,  mixed, 
j.  1/6.  Lychnis,  scarlet,  salmon  or  crimson,  6,  1/6. 
*~Mu3k,  hardy  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Monarda,  new  Cambridge 
icariet,  3.  1/6.  "  Montbretia,  new  varieties,  12,  1/6. 

Pansies,  <irand  plants,  superb  large  flowering  varieties 
12,  1/6.  Pansies,  separate  colours,  for  bedding,  dark  and 
ight  blue,  white,  mauve,  yellow,  crimson,  golden  purple, 
arge  plants,  12,  1/6.  Poppies,  Oriental,  named  varieties, 
xtremely  handsome,  6,  1/6.  Poppies,  scarlet  and  crimson 
Mental,  enormous  blooms,  12,  1/6.  Passion  Flowers,  hardy 
due  and  white,  2,  1/4.  Peas,  Everlasting,  large  roots,  3,  1/6. 
'inks,  coloured,  9,  1/6.  Pinks,  fragrant  double  white,  6,  1/6. 
*inks  Mrs.  Sinkins,  3.  1/6.  Pinks,  Indian,  12,  1/6.  Pyre- 
hrum,  Kelway's  beautiful  varieti;'s,  4,  1/6.  Paeonies,  2, 
;6.        Polemonium,    blue,    6,    1/4.     Polyanthus,    Kelway's 


splendid  border,  6,  1/4.  Potentilla,  double  and  semi-double, 
rich  crimson,  4,  1/4.  Pentstemon,  scarlet,  and  Excelsior 
strain,  3,  1/6. 

Ribbon  Grass,  gold  and  silver,  6  clumps,  1/6.  Rose 
Campion,  crimson,  9,  1/6.  Rosemary  bushes,  2,  1/4. 
Rudbeckia  Newmanii,  4,  i/6.  Rudbeckia  Golden  Ball, 
double,  4,  1/6.     Rudbeckia,  new  red,  2,  1/4. 

Salvia  pralrnsis,  spikes  rich  purple,  2,  1/4.  Scabious, 
sweet,  9,  1/4.  Solomon's  Seal,  strong  flowering  roots, 
6,  1/4.  Silene,  pink  Compacta,  15,  1/6.  Sweet  Williams, 
new  scarlet,  pink,  or  Crimson  Biauty,  6.  1/6;  mixed,  12,  1/6. 
Solidago,  Golden  Rod,  4,  1/6.  Stachys,  Lamb's-wool,  6, 
1/6.  Choice  Sedums  and  Saxifrages,  6,  1/6.  Sunflower, 
perennial,  double,  and  Miss  Mellish,  6,  1/6;  good  mixed 
sorts,  12,  1/6. 

Thalictrum,  hardy  Maidenliair,  3,  1/6.  Thistle,  Queen 
of  Scots,  from  the  original  at  Fotheringay  Castle,  3,  1/6. 
Thrift,  pink  flowers,  compact,  12,  1/6.  Tritoma,  Red-hot 
Poker,  large  roots,  3,  1/6. 

Valerian,  old  crimson  favourite,  9.  1/6,  Verbascum,  tall 
or  dwarf,  6,  1/6.  Veronica,  spikes  beautiful  tihie,  4.  1/6. 
Viola  cornuta,  for  rockery,  12,  1/9.  Viola,  Bath's  Bedding, 
Yellow  Gem,  Purple  Kinu.  Imperial  Blue,  Snow  Queen  and 
mixed.  12,  1/6.  Viola  Ma'^^ie  .\rott,  best  large  mauve,  rooted 
cuttings,  6,  1/6.     Violets,  luri^e  fragrant  blue,  6,  1/4. 

Wallflowers,  best  large-flowering  single,  blood  red, 
crimson,  yellow,  bronze,  brown,  purple,  gold,  ruby,  pink, 
separate  colours  and  new  hybrids,  3/-  100,  12/-  500.  Wall- 
flowers, Kelway's  grand  doubles,  12,  1/6. 

Spring  Cabbage,  Winter  Tripoli  J  Onions,  Lettuce, 
Leeks,  Brussels  Sprouts,  2/-  100.  Parsley,  12,  1/4. 
Sage,  Thyme,  Mint,  Marjoram,  Fennel,  6,  1/4. 

Flowering  Hardy  Climbers:  Clematis,  large  plants 
Traveller's  Joy,  1,  2/-.  Clematis  montana,  large  flowering, 
i'arly  white,  1,  2/6.  Jasmine,  wint<*r  flowering,  yellow,  large 
bushes,  1,  2/6. 

Splendid  Strong,  Transplanted  Plants  for  Cool 
House  for  Winter  and  Spring  Flowering.  Make  a  grand 
shew.  Fig  Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  3.  1/6.  Agatha 
cceh-stis,  beauiiful  blue,  3.  1/4.  Begonias,  perp*-tual  flower- 
ing, 4,  1/6.  Calceolaria,  herbaceous,  enormous  blooms, 
4,  1/6.  Cannas,  Crozy's,  3,  1/6.  Celsia  cri'ica,  yellow  and 
mauve,  4,  1/4.  Cinerarias,  exhioition  and  Steliata,  6,  1/6. 
Eucalyptus,  air  purifler,  4.  1/4.  Heliotrope,  4.  1/4.  Lobelia 
cardinally,  splendid  scarlet  spikes,  4,  1/6.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco, 
red  or  white,  4,  1/4.  Plumbago,  blue,  1,  1/4.  Primula 
malacoi'les,  rosy  lilac,  for  Chri.-tmas  Idoom.  4,  1/4.  Primula 
obconica,  new"  triant  pink  and  crimson  shades,  i>erpetual 
flowerina,  3.  1/6.  Primula  kewcnsis,  yellow,  early,  4.  1/4. 
Primula  sinensis,  lovely  colours,  4,  1/4.  Rehmannia,  pink 
trumpet.  4,  1/4.  Scarlet  Salvias,  4,  1/4.  Saxifraga, 
Motlier  of  Thousanils,  4,  1/4.  Schizanthus,  Wisetonien>is, 
4,  1/4,  Smilax,  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  Vcitcl's  lovely 
hybrids,  4.  1/4.  Pentstemons,  grand  ExeeHor  strain,  4, 
1/4.  Fuchsia,  choice,  3,  1/4.  Peruvian  Lily,  flame  shades, 
3,  1/6.     Catalogue  Free. 

Anemone  japonica,  white  or  pink.  3,  1/6.  Anchusa  Myoso- 
ti^i(lora,  new  dwarf  rockery,  water  side,  masses  of  deep  gentian 
blue,  very  fine,  3,  1/6. 

Delphinium  Lize  Van  Veen,  enormous  pure  blue,  2,  1/6. 
Delphinium  Formosum  and  finest  hybrids,  2,  1/4. 

Erigeron  speciosum  (Stenactis),  lovely  mauve,  3,  1/6. 
Erigeron  New  Quakeress,  very  flne,  2,  1/6. 

Gladiolus,  now  large-flowering  hybrids  and  all  colours 
separate,  large  bulbs,  6,  1/6. 

Phlox,  best  large -flowering,  named,  pure  white,  rich  scarlet, 
glowing  crimson  bright  or  soft  pink,  mauve,  Ac,  2,  1/4.  Mixed 
colr)urs,  4,  1/6. 

Star  of  Bethlehem,  6,  1/4. 

Trollius,  golden  globe  flower,  3,   1/6. 


MRS.    PVM,    F.R.H.S., 

10,  VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTONE,    PETERBOROUGH. 


I-X)R     THI-; 


bEST    SEEDS 

i        FOR    THE    GARDEN 

JOHN  K.  KING  &  SONS,  LTD.. 

THE  KINGS  SEEDSMEN. 

COGGESHALL. 

Catalogue   Post    Kret. 


Stimulates  the  sod,  assists  the  functions  of  soil  bacteria 
and  corrects  acidity.  Ask  your  Seedsman,  or  write  to 
STONEUOUSE    Hort.   DepC.    WEST    BBOMHICfl 


PENTSTEMONS 

GUTBUSH'S  GIANT  FLOWERED. 

No  flowering  plant  has  come  into  greater 
prominence  during  the  last  few  years  than 
Pentstemons.  They  are  invaluable  for  Bedding 
or  for  mixing  in  the  Herbaceous  Borde-s.  The 
great  range  of  colour,  freeness  of  flowering,  and 
lasting  qualities  make  them  a  necessity  in 
every  garden. 

We  have  given  great  attention  to  improving 
this  useful  flower,  and  at  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society's  trials  our  varieties  were  given  9 
Awards  of  Merit  and  3  Highly  Commended. 

We  have  a  very  large  stock  of  the  finest 
sorts. 

No  plant  is  more  easily  grown,  they  flourish 
in  any  well  cultivated  soil. 

Plants  ready  !n   April  from   small 
Pots.     Please  ask  for  Special  List. 


WM.    CUTBUSH    &    SON, 

Florist    Flower    Department, 

BARNET  NURSERIES,  BARNET,  Herts. 

And  at  HIGHGATE   NURSERIES,  N.6. 


SPRING    OFFER 

OF 

FRUIT  TREES,   ROSES, 
HARDY  PERENNIALS, 

Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

We   are  now  in   a  position   to   give  prompt   delivery. 

The  following  Illustrated  Catalogues  free  on 
request : — 

(1)  Fruit  Trees,  Roses,  Hardy  Perennials. 

(2)  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbers,  etc. 

Good  specimens  of  Cedrus  Deodara,  Cupressus 
Lavvsoniana,  Thuya  Lobii,  Abies  Nordraanniana, 
Evergreen  Oaks,  Green  Euonymus,  Limes,  Horse 
Chestnuts,  English  Oaks,  Turkey  Oaks,  Elms  in 
variety,  Copper  Beech,  and  other  trees  suitable  for 
Avenue  or  Ornamental  group  planting. 

Particulars    and    Prices    on    application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


'To  Lovers  of  the  Garden  Beautiful/* 


600  Illustrations  frnm  life  of  Hardy  Flowering 
Shrubs,  Trri'S,  CUmlHTs,  PUnts  for  the  Waterside, 
Shrubbery,  Avenue,  Woodland,  Bog,  Bamboo, 
Dell  and  Rock  Qarden,  with  description  and 
aott'3  :i3  to  planting.     Copies  gratis  on  application. 


V.  i\.  GAUNTLETT  &  Co..  LU.. 
Japanese  Nuretries, 

CHIDDINQFOLD.  Surrey.       (Carriage  Paid.) 


THE     GARDEN. 


^February   iq,   io?i. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks  Obtainable. 


Send    for    List. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed   Potato   Merchants,  YORK. 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES,    HERBACBOOS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS, 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY  &  FRIDAY,  by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

at  their  C<mtral  Sale  Rooidb, 

67     &     68,     CHEAPSIDE,      EX. 2 

Catalogm^B   on  Application. 


SWEET  PEA   PLANTS. 

NOVELTIES  (stocks  limited).— Austin  Frederick 
Imp.,  Gladys,  Lavender  Belle,  Hawlmark 
Lavender,  Royal  Salute  per  doz.         3  6 


2  - 
13 
1- 

9d' 


Hawlmark    Pink  ,, 

A.  Ireland,  Brocade,   Daisybud,   Doris..  ,, 

A.  Malcolm,  Elegance,  Hope,  Valentine,  &c.  ,, 

Cecily,  Charity,  Mrs.  C.  P.  Tomlin,  &c.  ,, 

Barbara,    C.    Hinton,    R.    F.    Felton,    Royal 

Purple,  Warrior,   Ac.  ..  ,,  6d. 

Elsie  Herbert,  John    Ingman,   <&c.  . .  ,,  4d. 

Also  Sweei  Pea,  Antirrhinum  and  Vegetable  Seeds. 

CATALOGUE     TOST     FREE. 

T.     H.     DIPNALL,     F.R.H.S., 

SHELLEY    SWEET    PEA    FARM,    near    HADLEIGH,    SUFFOLK. 


NMMM^MMMWMMtflAftMt 


KiDH^I) 
HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL,  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


;38  000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND    SET 
WORKING     IN     A     FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R  H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satis&ed       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


COLCHESTER. 


Three  Days'  CLEARANCE  SALE,  Second" Portion. 


Messrs.  PROTHEROE  &  MORRIS 

Are  instructed   by   Messrs.   K.   WALL.ACE   &   CO.,    LTD..   of 

Tunbridge  Wells  (owing  to  their  removal  to  this  address),  to 

Sell  by  Auction  on  the  Premises, 

KILNFIELD  GARDENS,  COLCHESTER, 
On  TUESDAY,  MARCH  1st,  &  two  following  days 

At    12  o'clock  each  day. 

Upwards  of  50,000  Hardy  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants 

Including  Delphiniums,  Phlox,  Pyrethrums, 
Michaelmas  Daisies  (new),  Kniphophia,  Lenten 
Roses  and  others. 

FLOWERING    AND    ORNAMENTAL   SHRUBS 

Including  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Pink  Pearl. 
Alice  and  other  choice  varieties,  Chinese  Berberis, 
Dwarf  Rock  Conifers,  Montbretias,  including  Star 
of  the  East,  a  Collection  of  Waterside  Plants 
such  as  Iris  Ka:mpferi  and  Sibirica  in  variety, 
Astilbes  and  numerous  other  Stock. 


Great   Eastern   Railway 

SAND 


May  be  viewed  one  week  prior  to  Sale.  Catalo^jues  on  the 
premises  of  Messrs  R.  Wallace  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens.  Tunhridse  Wells,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  IS7  A  6S, 
Cheapside.   LunJon.    E.C 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  youp  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
OP  games  let  us 
know. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE, 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN - 
SUPPLIES  Ld. 
Cpanmep  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


SUITABLE    FOR 

GOLF    COURSES 
BOWLING   GREENS,   Etc. 

Supplied  in  full  truck  loads  to 
any    G.E.R.    Goods   Station    at 


12/. 


per  Ton. 


For  Sample  apply  to  the  Commercial  Super- 
intendent (C.W.),  Liverpool  Street  Station,  London, 
E.C. 2. 

H.    W.    THORNTON, 

General  Maitaucr. 


EUREKAn^fA-k 


WINTER  WASH. 


EUREKA 

AOSTIC     ALHAUI- 

THE    MOST   EFFECTIVE  WASH     FOR    FRUIT  TREES     «. 

IN     1^6    TINS     FPf?     10    TO     16    GALLS     OF   WA^H 
WORM    KILLER.      LAWN    SAND     S.     GJIPDEIJ     SUNDPitS 


Only  Address:  TOMLINSON  k  HAVWAKD  Lrr  LINCOLN. 


Eggs 
Chicks 


Q^  From  High  Fecund  Layers  of  First-grade 
Egg8  mated  to  Male  Birds  bred  from 
dams  with  pullet  year  records  20O  &  over 

White  Legiiorns.    Light  Sussex. 

Egs-8  12;6.  15/6.  Chirks  31 /-per  dz. 

A  limited  number  of  Eggs  from  Special  Birds.     30  -  &  42.  -  per  doz. 

G.GORDON  GRAY,  LTD., Deansbrook  P.F.,  Thaxted,  Essex. 


THE   CLOCHE   CLIP 


PATENTED 
IN  THE  UK 
&     ABROAD. 


THE     CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 


POR    making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants. 
*       flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.     Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used,  also  old  photographic  plates.     The  Clip  will 
make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  handled  without  falling  apart. 
Price?/  doz.    Postage:  9d  Idoz.,  1l-2doz  ;  ovarZdoz.Carriage  Paid,    Cash  with  order 

Particulars  and  tlesiRtis  of  Cloches  in  various  shaftes  will  be  scttt  on  at>t>lication. 

THE    CLOCHE    CLIP    CO.,    94,    Woodbridge      Road,    Quildford,    Surr«y 


You,    Your     Friend,    and     Your    Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss 
the    Important  and    Beautiful  Numbers  of 

THE  GARDEN 

that  are   to  appear  during  this  year. 


'Uhe  surest    and  simplesl    Way  of  promptly  securing  a 
copy  of  every  issue  is    to  fill  up  the  form  printed  beloW. 


CLT    HERE. 

To  Messrs 

Newsagents, 
or  The   Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,   London,  \V  C.2. 

Please    send    me,    by    Post,    "  The    Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.O. 

for   being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 

Name 

Address   

19 

Inland  Subscription,  Foreign  and    Colonial  Subacripliona,   17  4  per  annum;   6  monthi,  8  8,  including  Potage. 


February   19,   1921.1 


THE     GARDEN. 


XI. 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


soH'^^'^'* 


\y^^^ 


On    the    niarket 
for      over     40    years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over     the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,     thty     stand     unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description    of    Fruit-bearing.    Flowering 
and   Foliage  Plants.  Vegetables.   Lawns,  etc..  etc. 
Vine,    Plant    and    Vegetable    Manure,     lcwt..36/-;      561b.,    19/-;      281b.,  10(6; 
I4lb..  61- ;  71b.,  3/6;  Tins,   1/6. 
Special  Top.Dpessing  Manure,  ssib.,  19/-:  'iSlb..  10/6;  141b..  6/-:  71b,.  3(6. 
SW     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLF.T— POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     "Wl 
SOLO        BY         NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    .Makers:      W.M.     THOMSON      &     SONS.     LTD.,     CLOVKNFORDS,     SCOTLAND. 


'PRODUSO* 


From  :  — 
SEEDSMEN  and 
NURSERYMEN 

or  direct. 


X 


THE  FINEST 
&  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
FERTILIZER 
FOR    ALL    CROPS. 


TINS  9d.  EACH  (1(3  post  free). 
71b  .14  b.,'.'8lb.,56lb.,lcwt.bags 
3  -,  5(9,  9,6,  17/6.  30(-  each. 

Baps  Free,  Carriage  Paid. 
HUNTER  &  GOW  LTD.,  28,  THOMAS  ST.,  LIVERPOOL. 


C529. 
Price  was  8/11 
"ZERO"  PRICE 


"ZERO"  BOOT  SALE 
BARGAINS 

During'^our  "Zero  "  Sale,  now  running,  all 
prices  have  been  reduced  to  the  limit.  A 
reduction  of  15?o  (3/- off  every  pound)  is  now 
offered  on  all  Catalogue  Prices.  Send  for 
special  list  of  Sale  Bargains,  and  also  a  copy 
of  our  112  page  Catalogue  of  BOOTS,  CLOGS 
and  OILSKINS. 


are  made  of  good  grain  leather,  lined  with  felt. 
Soles  are  of  Wood.     Well  finished  and  useful. 

No.  C529.     For  Men  and  Women. 
Former  price  8/1  l,"Zero''  Price  7/6  Post  Paid. 

No.  C524.     Same  Clog  but  in  Lacing  Style. 
Sizes  2  to5,  7/11.  "Zero"  Price  5/11  Post  Pd. 
Sizes  6  to  II.  8/6.  "Zero"  Price  6/11     ,. 
Children's  Sizes  7  to  10.  5/6.  "Zero"  Price  3/11. 
,.    11.  12.  13  and  1.  6/6  now  4/11. 

Send  for  oitr'free  Illustrated  Catah  gite. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


He  breeds 
in  loose 
bark  and 
lichens 


Sea£xyyCP 
PROFITS 
S bop  him! 


To  destroy  moss  and  lichen,  to 
remove  loose  rough  bark,  and 
ensure  healthy  visorous  growth 
and     good     crops     next     season, 

SPRAY  YOUR  FRUIT  TREES 
wibK 

COOPER'S 

^VITSTTER  FLUID 


Does    not    burn    the 
animals.       Easy    to 


bark.       Harmless   to 

use.        Effective     and 

Economical.       ::       Of  agsnis  everywhere. 

So/f  Ujnufactuyeys  : 

WM.  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS.  LTD.,  BERKHAMSTED 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

a   a   )f 

THE    BEST   AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for   Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,      and 

Chrysanthemums. 


I'ancy      Fern      Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from   4d.   each. 


and 


No  Waiting  I 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

R.iViil     Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM- 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 
in  this  Fumigator! 

Prices,— No.  1»  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  l.OOO 
cubic  ft.,  10d.  each  ;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 
1.500  cubic  ft.,  1i3  each  ;  No.  3.  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses    from    2.000  to  2.500  cubic  ft..   1/9  each. 


Registered  Trade  Mark  6295. 


(4  TriTM  AY  "     The  New  and   Most   Successful 

1  di^>^./V        GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It   is    rapidly   taking   the    place   of   all    Foreign    and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafti- g  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1  /6,  3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bull;  at  reduced  rates 

USE   CORRY'S  CELEBRATED   CONCENTRATED 

(.\ON'-POISONOUS) 

WINTER   DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint.        Quait.      !.G.ill.      IGall.         SJ^iJJ.        'ii?,"-    '"^c!' 


each       2;3         3  9 

SOLD    BY 

Manufactured    by 


6/.         11 

THE     TRADE 

CORRY    & 


25  6         40/ 

GENERALLY. 

CO.,    Ltd.,    London. 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


FIC,.    ■.'.  KIG.  J. 

(Welted  Patterni.  iNo-Welt  Pattern). 

ONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS  USED. 
SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST!  MOST  ECONOMICAL  ! 

Best  English  Leather  or  Rubber  Soles. 
L'seil     m     the     Roy.-il     .Tnd     in     thous.inds     of     the 

Principal   Gardens. 

Fig.  1,  can  be   re-soled    many   times  and  will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Silver  Medals:— 

Roy.nl  Horti..Liltuia!  Sieiety.  1W)4  and  '!1I4. 

Royal  International  Horticultural  Hxhihition.  IHI".'. 

HL'NDRKDS     OF     TKSTI.MOM  AL«. 
Over  10,000  Sets  used  in  the  United  Kingdom. 

IU«sl,i,tc,l  Price  Listtt  fram  the  .l/.I*crs  .— 
H.  PATTISSON  &   Co.,  Streatham,  London 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  wpll-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook, 
is  now  ready.  Price  2s.  6d.  net.  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  COUNTRY  LIFE,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street.  Coveat  Garden,  W.C.2, 


ets  there  n 

and  makes  the  Garden  ,,X^y„. 
gay  all  the  year  round  "v>vnr/,. 


^LONDON  ^ 


M  everywhere  for  Hortioultural  purposes  in  PACKETS  lOd.  &  1/6,  and 
in  HKAN;DKD&  sealed  BAGS;  7  lbs.    4/-:  14  lbs.  II-  :  2S  lbs.   12..;  .S6lbs-.22/-;   112  lbs..  40/-:  or 
dtre   tfrom  the  Works.  Carriage  Haid  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  Cash  with  Order  (om^pt  PACIvETS) 


CLAY    &    SON.    Manure  Mffs  &  Bone  C.-ac-^rs,  STRAirORD.LCNDON.E. 


Xll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[Februapv    19,   1921. 


WHAT    IS 


LIMBUX? 


( Registered; 


The  Purest  and  Whitest  (scientifically  treated)  Lime  in  existence. 
LIME    YOUR    SOIL    NOW.       "  Procrastination  is  the  thief  of  time." 

To  increase  production,  science  with  practice  lias  taught  us  "That  the  form  in  which  lime  is  used  is  everything  that  matters." 


UMBUX 


an      essential 


fertilizer  and  a  soil  ener- 
gizer  of  marked  value,  and 
may  be  used  to  great 
advantage  in  soil  and  among 
all  crops  all  the  year  round. 
Used  in  the  soil  it  creates 
an  alkali  media  which  soil 
insect  pests  do  not  like, 
and  it  is  a  preventive  against 
most  fungoid  diseases.  As 
a  preventive  against  cater- 
pillars on  plants  or  fruit 
trees  it  is  ideal.  It  is  very 
important  that  the  under 
side  of  the  leaves  be  dusted 
or  sprayed.  Dusted  Oj- 
sprayed  on  any  trees  or 
plants  at  any  period  it 
will  remove  most  insect 
pests  and  at  the  same  time 
create  perfect  health  and 
stamina  among  all  plant 
life.  Used  on  the  tenderest 
foliage  on  the  hottest  days 
of  summer  it  will  not  burn 
nor  harm  the  plant,  foliage 
or  root  hairs. 


LIMBUX  is  most  economical. 

Firstly,  you  can  retain  its 
value  by  applying  it  to  the 
land  throughout  the  year. 
Secondly,  you  only  need 
use  about  8  to  10  cwts. 
to  the  acre  for  constant  use 
throughout  the  whole  season, 
therefore  assisting  valuable 
plant  foods  already  in  the 
soil  at  regular  intervals,  and 
increasing  crops  two-fold. 


LIMBUX  should  be  used  at 
the  rate  of  about  2  cwts.  per 
rood,  which  is  the  equivalent 
of  \  acre,  or  1,210  square 
yards  ;  sJlb.  per  square 
rod,  which  equals  30 J  square 
yards ;  3  ounces  per  square 
yard  (about)  throughout  the 
season  in  the  form  of  dusting 
or  sprinkling  in  and  on  the 
soil,  also  between  the  rows 
of  growing  crops,  as 
previously  mentioned. 

Beware  of  fakes  and  "  Lime 
just  as  good." 

Booklet     describing     this 
constellation  free. 

WRITE     FOR     IT. 


If    any     difficulty     is     experienced     in     obtaining     any     one     of    these     Star     Specialities'*   send     direct     to 

J.     L.     EDGINTON,     Ecclesall,     Sheffield,     Yorks. 


LIMBUX,"    Carriage    Paid,    in    Baigs,    2/6,   4/6,    8/3    and    21/-  each.      Special  quotations 

for    larger    quantities. 


Sold  by   all    leading   Nurserymen,    Seedsmen   and  Sundriesmen    throughout   the    United  Kingdom,   and 

all  Members  of  the  Horticultural  Trades  Association. 

THIS  ADVERT   WILL  BE  WITHDRAWN  AFTER  THIS  ISSUE— SO   KEEP  THIS  PAGE  FOR  REFERENCE. 


Special  Implements  for  Dry  Spraying  purposes.         Illustrated  Price  List  post  free  on  application. 

Nothing  can  take  the^piace  of  these   "  STARS,"  they  cannot  be   imitated  or  substituted.      TheySare  the  only  Four 
ALLIED  Horticultural  Specialities  of  their  kind  in  commerce,  so  beware  of  '•  Something  just  as  ^ood." 

Printed  by  Thb  Avenub  Press.  5S  &  57.  Drury  Lane.  London.  W.C.2,  and  Published  by  "Country  Life."  Limited,  at  20.  Tavistock  Street.  Strand.  W.C.2, 

and  by  George  Newnes.  Limited,  s-11.  Southampton  Street.  Strand.  W.C.2. 


THE 


JVii»*!»»»ti i^ '-*•*» '^^ 


(VtAK  2  4  V32\ 


GARDEN 


ral 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2571. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Hatter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y..  Post  Office 


Saturday,   February   26,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly   Subscription 
Inland.    17/4:    Foreign,    17/4 


A  NEW  EXHIBITION   RUNNER  BEAN. 
A    prolific    cropper    and    of    the    finest    quality. 


CURRANTS  AND  GOOSEBERRIES 

All  intending  planting  the  above  should  mal  e  early  application  to  us.  We 
hold  excellent  stocks  of  all  the  leading  varieties,  and  can  guarantee  satisfaction. 
Fruit  growers  should  not  miss  planting 

CURRANT     SOUTHWELL     RED 

It  flowers  very  late,  and  so  resists  late  frosts.  Long  bunches  of  bright  shining 
red  berries  are  formed,  the  individual  berries  being  very  large  and  uniform  in 
size.  When  gathered  it  has  a  very  fine  appearance  and  commands  the  top 
price  in  the  market. 

Full  f'lrticitlars  on  Application. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &    SONS,    LTD., 

Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

Barr's  Choice  Flower  Seeds  for  1921. 

CYCLAMEN,  The  New  "  Sheepwell  "  Sweel-scenled  Strain,  raised  in  the  gardens  of 

fc.  WoHMALD,  Esq.    a  valuable  new  lace  of  cyclamen,  the  result  of  many 

years'  selection.    The  flowers  are  large  and  produced  in  great   profusion, 

and  are  very  trasrant:  a  Rreat  acquisition.    Greenhouse  Bulb. 

Mauve    Queen,   bearing  large  handsome  flowers,  carmine  with  brilliant  rubx- 

crtnison  eye    3 

Snow  Queen,  bearing  large  sdowji  K/iiVe  flowers   '.    ..        3 

I  '!™?°  CoI<>>>r»./'<b5 -crniisoH,  pink,  white,  white  v/ith  crimson  eye,  blush.  &c.  3s.  6d.  &  .I 

LUBtLlA    cardin.lis.    Lord  Ardilaun,  a  very  sturdy  growing  variety  with  long 

bronzc-coUiured  stems  and  dark  green  foliage,  flowers  very   large    of    a 

Dr>DDV    w      'i4'  verintljon.red.  a  very  handsome  border  plant,  h.p.,  3ft.     .    .  .2s.  ed.  &  3 

fUI'l-Y,I\ew  Double  Queen  Poppies,  a  lovely  new  strain  of  hardy  annual  poppies 

J   u  ■,,'■    ^^'  '^'''^'  ''"'  flowers  double  and  semi-double,  of  the  most  delicate 

and   brilliant  colours,   including    ithite    with    salmon,   pink,  or    cWnison 

margin,  urange-sahnon  shaded  white,  fiery  rose-scarlet  shading  down  to 

ulnte.  cherry-red  shading  to  white,  brilliant  scarlet  with  white  centre 

etc..  all  showing  jeiZoit' anthers.  2ft.;  valuable  for  cutting    


Pjit. 
s.  n. 

6 
6 
6 


I     0 


Descriptive  Catalogue  of  other  choice  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application. 
BAR  R         &         SONS,        Vj..J?.-  f=.  J3l...  '^'NP—STBEET, 


COVENT  OARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to   inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the      good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  CO., 


SOW^    NOW^   to    bloom    in    July    and    August 

BLAGKMORE    &    LANGDON'S 

World-renowned    BEGONIA    SEEDS    (54    Gold    Medals). 


Doubles,  none  can  equal  this  for  quality,  size  and  lovely 
form  and  colours  of  flowers 


1 


Per  Packet. 

2  6  &  5  - 
2  6  &  5  ■ 

2  6  &  5  - 


Single,  of  wonderful  size  and  form 

Frilled  Single,  a  beautiful  selection       

Crested  Single,  very  fascinating  

Hanging  Basket,  a  grand  novelty,  very  graceful 
Gloxinia  seed,  mixed,  in  most  beautiful  selection  of 
colour  ... 
For  prices  of  tubcn  of  above  and  other  specialities,  write  for  free  catalogue  on  J  mention  this  paper. 

Twerton     Hill    Nurseries,     BATH. 


.  1  /-,  2  6  &  5 
.  1  6,  2  6  &  5 

.  1,6,  2  6  &  5/ 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   26,    1921. 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative  Rose   Grower    of  England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
oral!  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS    AND 

R.   &   G.    CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 
For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM   &   SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,   ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &.  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable&'Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH    j 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Scotch    Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  am  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  ^"''  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.z 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of   Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.   BENTLEY,   Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Garden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

write  us 


Landscape  and 
Garden   Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


SPECIALITE. 


SPRING    FLOWERING    SHRUBS 


AZALEAS 

CAMELLIAS 
AlAGNOLIAS 
ERICAS 

PLANT     NOVJ. 


PRUNUS 
CERASUS 
DAPHNES 
LILACS 

(Carriage    Paid.) 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE  WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show.  1912. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No.:  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  carry  oat  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


J.    CHEAL   &   SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Mr.  WiVI.  ACWORTH,  M.A  . 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross. 
Tel.  202. 


Advicd  given 
on  all  Garden 
Prob!ems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St., London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List   No.   42 

Post  Free 


MAURICE  PRIGHARD'S 

CatalojTiie  of  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants, 
Aquatics,  etc.,  now  ready  for  192L  Many 
new  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  therein. 
New  Aubrietias,   New  Saxifragas. 

New  Moraine  Alpine  Plant  offered  for  first  time — 
Erodium   chamsedryoides   rosea  (R.V.P.) 

Catalogue  sent   free,   2d.   stamp. 

Rlverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 


ALPINE    AND   HERBACEOUS    PLANTS. 


Descriptive  Catalogue-Guide   for   1922. 

All  plants  carefully  described,  with   heights,   times 
of  flowering,  and  some  Cultural  Notes.      Write  : — • 

MAXWELL     &    BEALE, 

BROADSTONE,     DORSET. 


V.  N.  GAUNTLETT  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

Japanese  Nurseries,  CHIDDINGFOLD,  Surrey. 


& 


Forest  and  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Roses,  etc., 
gr'own  in  most  exposed  situation  on  heavy  soil, 
therefore  the  hardiest  procurable. 

Every  Requisite  for  Forest,  Farm  &  Garden. 

Garden  Seeds  of  specially  selected  strain. 

Catalogues  on  application.  Mention  paper. 


SAMSONS     LIMITED, 

NURSERYMEN    &    SEEDSMEN. 
Established  1759.  KILMARNOCK. 


PERTHSHIRE    GROWN 

SEED    POTATOES 

Are  famous  all  the  world  over. 
They  will  add  25%  to  your  crop. 

Gold  Medal  Award  National  Potato  Show  1920. 

Send  for  our  100-page  Catalogue  of  Garden 
Seeds  &  Potatoes.    It  is  the  finest  in  Scotland. 

Special  Quotations  for  Large  Quantities. 


ALEXANDER      &      BROWN, 

Dept.   B. 
SOUTH    METHVEN    STREET,    PERTH. 


a    Post    Card    for    a    copy 

our    beautifully    Illustrated 


Send 
of 

and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 


*^^  Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 

and  other  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds.  No  keen 
gardener  should  be  without  this  most  interesting 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  cropping 
trial  of  about  30  of  the  most  popular  varieties  of 
Potatoes.    Write  to-day  mentioning  ibis  paper. 

Special  quotations  io  large  buyers,  also  to 
Allotment  Associations. 

THYNE  &  SON 


Potato     DUNDEE 

Merchants    UWWWtC 


SOW 

"hawlmark 

SEEDS 

DICKSONS.'Hawlmark^,  BELFAST. 


p 


February  26,   1921.] 


g^-«- 


GARDEN! 


~'*3!=::rr 


^^ 


WATERERS"    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas- 

■Rare  Sluubs,  J:ipanese  Chi^rrir?,  SLiplop,  anil  Cliinese  subjects. 
— John  Watkkeb,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Tiic  Nurseries, 
Bagshot,  Mirn-\-,  


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 

SEEDS,  Scotch  arown  seed  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,    in  the  new  and   leading    varieties   of    Delphiniams, 
Pliloxes,  Irises. 


WATERERS'  FRUIT  TREES.  —  Magni- 
ficent stock  of  2.i0,000  trees.  Prospective  piircliasers  are 
in\ited  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  yurserios. 


WATERERS'     ROSES,  —  Superb     Slock. 

John  Wateri;!:,  Sons  it  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Twyford,  Berks. 


GREENHOUSE    PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

— '■  VITROLITE  "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  23s.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  per 
cwt..  Kegd  extra. — Full  particulars  from  Walter  Cabson  & 
SPSS,  Grove  Works,  Battersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  AJpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceoits 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Keuihb,  Keston 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP    MANURE. 

— The    only     reliable    and     complete    substitute     for     Stable 
manure.     Sre  advert,  on  p.  xii. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New   Descriptive    List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate 
6d.  post  free. — The  Burbaoe  Nurseries,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established  1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    ^B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona.'*  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  Wsi.  Doncan  Tuckek  ct  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


IRON      FENCING,      GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Kose  and  Neding  Stakeij,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework.  Poultry  Fence.  Dog  Kennel 
Railing,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  presrrv:itii>n  of  Ironwork, 
etc.    Catalogue  free. — Hill  &  Smith,  Ltd.,  Brirrlcy  Hill. 


SWEET    PEAS.— Before   placing   your   order 

see  Storrie's  unique  multum  in  parvo  pages,  embracing  a  complet* 
representative  collection  in  systematic  colour  groups,  guiding 
rather  than  confusing  the  prospective  purchaser.  The  expert 
as  well  as  the  amateur  will  appreciate  this  list.  The  method  of 
colour  grouping  is  original  and  entirely  our  own.  This  list  post 
free  on  application.  Storrie  and  Storrie,  Florists^Department, 
Nur<erie«,  Glencai-se,  P?rthshire, 


MESSRS.  OLIVER  &  HUNTER'S  NEW  SEED 

CATALOGUE  for  1921  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  postage 
free  to  all  those  interested  in  gardening. — Write  to-day  to 
The  Seed  &  Nursery  Establishment,  Moniaive,  N.B. 


RYDERS   100   GUINEA   CHALLENGE    CUP 

COMPE'lITIOX  for  Horticultural  Societies.— Secretaries 
should  write  lor  full  p-irticjlars  of  this  Competition.  A  special 
prize  of  £10  lor  Secretaries. — Full  details  from  RYDER  &  Son 
(1930)  Ltd..  St.  ■\ll)ans 


PERGOLA  POSTS.— 500  S.  Fir  posts,  8  to  14ft.. 

top  <ii;imt'ter,  yii]-..  hist  bf^t  in  the  ground,  give  excellent 
results.  Long  polt-.  for  tops  and  cross-bar^,  4ins.  to  6ins. 
diameter,  all  at  02?.  6d.  per  ton.  Tmek  loads  about  4  tons. 
Free  on  rail.  Iteady  for  immediate  despatch.  Rural  Indus- 
tries, Limited.  Ch'-ltenham. 


MINIATURE      JAPANESE       GARDENS     of 

Krowiiitj  plants  for  tabk-  decoration.  -Also  Japanese  niiniature 
figures,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
tills  paper.  Ff.kkest  and  Waed,  34d,  High  Street,  lieckenham. 
K.'nt.  

MORRIS'S    LIVE    SEEDS.— And    yet    again 

eliminate  uncertainty  and  reap  full  benefit  of  your  labours  by 
sowing  Morris's  Live  Seeds.  Highest  grade  strains.  Reasonable 
prices.  Catalogues  free.  Shallots,  14Ib.  for  5/3,  carriage 
pairt, — Morris's  Seed  Stores,  225,  Bristol  Street.  Birmingham. 
E>t;iblished   1S95.      Agents  want*;<L 


prize     BEGONIAS,      GLADIOLI,      MONT- 

BRETIAS,  LILIES,  etc.,  best  varieties,  moderate  prices.  Lists 
free.  Lily  of  the  Valley,  8/6  100.— MORRIS'S,  225,  Bristol 
Stre e t ,  Birmingham. 


BUSH   ROSES.  —  Herriot,    C.    Dickson, 

McArthur,  Dra-^chki,  Testout,  Avoca.  Laurent  Carle,  K.  A. 
Victoria,  Mrs.  A.  Ward,  Grolez,  Harry  Kirk,  Sutherland  ; 
correctly  labelled  ;  18s.,  carriage  paid.— Morri^'i^,  225,  Bristol 
Street,  Birmingham. 


BARR'S  SEED  GUIDE  (Free).— For  the  best 

Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of  finest  selected  strains  and 
tested  growth.  At  the  R.H.S.  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable 
Seeils  have  received  exceptional  recognition  for  higii  quality, 
receiving  First-Class  Certificates,  Awards  ol  Merit,  and  many 
Highly  Commended. 

BARR'S    BEAUTIFUL    LILIES,    GLADIOLI, 

CANN.^S,  DAHLIAS,  MONTBRETIAS,  TIGRIDIAS, 
TUBEROSES,  etc.,  for  Spring  planting.  Descriptive  Catalogue 
free. — BARE  &  SONS,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Cornation  has  been  tin 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  6d.  and  5s.— J.  Douglas,  Great  Bookham. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of   Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc..  and  Heating  Engineeis,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire  :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :  Kensington  90  *  91. 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser  ; 
no  solids;  no  open  filters;  perfectly  automatic;  everything 
underground.  State  particulai-s.^WiLLLAM  Beattie,  S,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


SUTTON'S  VEGETABLE  SEEDS. 

By  constant  selection  and  n  •selection,  year  by  year,  our  choice 
strains  are  maintained  at  the  higliest  standard  of  excellence. 
Our  speciality  for  the  week  • 
SUTTON'S     BROCCOLI     (PEERLESS     STRAIN). 
Heads  of  purest  white,  solid  and  perfectly  protected  by  the 
incurved  foliage. 

For  particulars  of  the  above  strain,  see  Sutton's  Amateur  Guide 
in   Horticulture  for  1921. 
SUTTON   A    SOXS.    THE    KI.NT.'S    SEEDSMEN,    READING. 


KELWAY      BORDERS      SHORTEN      THE 

WINTER. — NOW  is  the  time  to  go  over  your  hardy  plants, 
replenishing  and  renewing  your  herbaceous  borders.  Get  a  list 
from  KELWAY'S  and  let  them  fill  your  gaps  with  fresh  beauty, 
which  will  last  some  years.  Is  your  border  beautiful  with  colour 
for  6  or  7  months  continuously  ?  It  should  be  a  source  of  ever- 
varjing  interest  and  pleasure.  If  you  are  not  content,  see  to 
it  now.  Write  to  KELWAY'S  at  once  and  let  them  suggest  a 
colour  scheme  so  that  the  neighbouring  plants  do  not  clash. 
The  earlier  you  order  tlie  greater  your  choice. — Kelway  <!■  Son, 
The  Royal  Horticulturists,  Langport,  Somerset. 


IRON    AND    WIRE   FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  ever>'  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  k?nnel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  tor  separate  lists. — Boulton  &  Paul,  Ltd,. 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application.— J.  W  .  Cole  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  ORDER  KELWAY'S 

LOVELY  GLADIOLI  for  spring  planting.  Our  reputation  as 
growers  of  these  beautiful  autumn-flowering  bulbs  extends  over 
a  period  of  sixty  years,  and  as  our  bulbs  are  of  our  own  growing 
at  Langport,  customers  are  assured  of  fine  hardy  specimens.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  remind  prospective  buyers  of  the  glorious  com- 
binations of  colour  wliicli  an-  now  obtainable,  more  especially  in 
our  Langprim  strain,  but  we  would  ad\ise  writing  at  once' for 
our  price  list  to  the  Retail  Plant  Department  Kelway  and  Son, 
Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN, 

Edinburgh,  will  send  a  copy  of  their  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  papt-r  is  nientioned 


BATH'S    SELECT  SEEDS   AND  PLANTS.— 

New  Itlusti-atod  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  R.  H.  BatB 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WANTED,     the    following     Volumes     of 

•■  THE  GARDEN,"  bound  or  unbound;  Vol.  tiS,  .July-Di  i-  , 
1905;  Vol.  89,  Jan.-.)une,  laOti  ;  Vol.  70,  Julv-Dec.,'  190t)- 
Vol.  71,  Jan.-Dec,  1907;  Vol.  75,  Jan.-Dcc,  1911;  Vol.  76, 
Jan. -Dec,  1912.  State  particulars  to  B.,  The  GjIKHKn,  20, 
Tavistock   Street,   Covent  Garden.   London. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited-  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  illVEKS  A-  SON,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridge worth,  Herts. 


SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES,  specially  selected, 

certificated,  Arran  Comrade,  141b.  3s. ;  281b.,  5a.  6d.  ;  561b., 
10s.  Drumwhindle  Seedling,  Early  Main  Crop,  enormous 
cropper,  fine  quality.  A  customer  from  Leeds  writes  :  "  Lifted 
521b.  from  five  tubers."  Another  writes :  *'  Gained  prize  for 
greatest  weight  of  any  variety."  141b.,  3s.  6d. ;  28Ib.,  6s.  6d.  ; 
56lb.,  13s. — James  Kobertson,  Seed  Potato  Grower.  Aberdeen, 
Scotland. 


KING'S     ACRE    SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
for  our  New  lUubtratt-d  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
betore  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  nottd  for 
their  reliability. — King's  Acre  Nubseeies,  Limited,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  in  flowers  and  vegetables, 
including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  l^d.  postage.— 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


PAVING.   —  Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Kocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  '*  dry,"  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — Hodson  &  Son,  68,  C^stlegate, 
Nottingliam. 


RARE    ALPINES.— Cotyledon    simplicifolius, 

Is. ;      Dianthus    neglectus,     9d. ;     Cerastium    vilosuni     9d.  ; 

Delphinium  tatsienense.   Is. ;    Hypericum  cuncatum.   Is.  3d. ; 

Pentstemon   linarioides,    9d.  ;     Sedum   pilosun^    6d.  ;     Lychnis 

alpina,    6d. ;     Haaijeana,    9d.  ;     Arkwrighli,    Is.;     Gypsophila  I  FIDLER'S     NEW     ILLUSTRATED     GARDEN 

arctioides,  9d.— R.  TPCKER  &  Sons,  Nurserymen,  Oxford.  »-.»».»^.»«. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.      Our  unique  publication,  "irises  and 
Iris  Gaidens,"  free  on  applitation. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS   PLANTS  AND 

ALPINE      RHODODENDRONS      AND      AZALEAS.        New 

lists  free. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DL-ILS.     NESTING     BOXES.       Catalogue     (No.     4)     free.— 
MOORTON,   5,  Thornton   Avenue,  Chiswick. 


CRANSTON'S   FAMOUS   ONIONS:   ready  for 

immediat e  plant ing.  Strong  aut umn-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Kousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants. 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Otfenham,  Wlieeler's  Imperial,  Red 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application. — KING'S 
ACRB  Nurseries,  Ltd.,  Hereford  (late  Cranston's). 


RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY    PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  eflfective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  &c.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  in\'ited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  &c. — Gillum  (Garden  Dept.),  WeUesIey  Court 
Road,  Croydon. ^ 


HARDY  ORCHIDS.— Cypripedium  pubescens, 

C.  spectabile.  Orchis  foliosa,  2/6  each;  O.  latifoUa,  9d. ;  O. 
maculata,  6d. ;  O.  mascula,  (id. ;  Ophrys  apifera,  9d. ;  Epipaotis 
gitfantea,  1/6;  E.  latifolia,  6d.  Descriptive  catalogue  free. — 
BoWELi,  *  Skakiutt,  NursiTics.  Qieltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S    "  FUMERS  "    &    INSEGTI- 

CIDE  "Sheets"  for  greeniu»tis(-  fumigation;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.— 
McDouoALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street.  Manchester. 


SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES.— Duke  of  York, 

Express,  Eclipse,  Midlothian  Early,  Llewellyn,  May  Queen, 
Ninetyfold,  Grent  Scot,  Kerr's  Pink,  Lochar,  Templar,'  Tinwald 
Perfection,  Dalgil  Early,  Arran  Comrade,  KingGeorge  V.  Edzell 
Blue,  King  Edward  VII  (regenerated).  British  Queen,  Arran 
Rose,  Rhoderick  Dhu,  K.  of  K.,  Bloomfleld,  etc.  Catalogue 
of  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application.^TlLUE, 
Whyte  &  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV  Bridge, 
Edinburgh.     Established  1887. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS      SPECIALITY. 


List 


free.— TfI!1;v  Lkf,  Hi,  Moid,  n  r.o:id,  St.clilnrd.  Hinningliam. 


SEED  OVIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  NOW 
READY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  ut  once  to  FlDLER  A  Sons,  Royal 
Berkshire  Seed  Stores,  Reading. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  26,   1921 


GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN. 

We  Guarantee  all  Seed  sold  as  Scotch  to  be  Direct  from 
Scotland  this  Season.  The  Scottish  Board  of  Agriculture 
Certificate  Number  will  be  given  with  all  Scotch  Seed  Orders. 

IMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 

Uilb.      5i;lb.       U81b.       141lj.  71b. 

Dargill  Early 32/         17/         9/           5/  3/ 

Witch  Hill         40/         21/      11/           6/  3/6 

Arran  Rose      25/        13/        7/          4/  2/6 

Edzell  Blue      25/        13/        7/          4/  2/6 

Great  Scot        24/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Ally 24/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

King  George 20/         11/         6/           3/6  2/6 

Arran  Comrade     . .      .24/        13/        7/          4/  2/6 

The  Bishop      32/         17/         9/           5/  3/ 

Majestic 24/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Arran  Victory         .        .       24/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Kerr's     Pink 24/        13/        7/          4/  2/6 

Lochar        24/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Templar 24/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Golden  Wonder       .        .       24/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Langworthy      24/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Abundance        24/         13/         7/            4/  2/6 

TInwald   Perfection        .  .      24/         13/         7/            4/  2/6 

"  K.  of  K."  (Knslish)    ..     50/         26/       14/           8/  5/ 

NON-liVIMUNES,    SCOTCH. 

Myatt's  Ashleaf      ....     40/         21/11/           6/  3/6 

May  Queen       40/         21/      11/           6/  3/6 

Duke  of  York          .        .       34/         18/         9/6         5/3  3/ 

Midlothian  Early   .  .      .  .     34/         18/         9/6         5/3  3/ 

Ninetyfold         32/         17/         9/           5/  3/ 

Puritan       32/         17/         9/            5/  3/ 

Sharpe's  Express                  25/         13/6      7/6         4/3  2/6 

Sir  John  Llewellyn       .  .     25/         13/6      7/6        4/3  2/6 

Early  Eclipse 25/         13/6      7/6         4/3  2/6 

Epicures 22/         12/         7/            4/  2/6 

Sharpe's  Victor               .       21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Early  Rose        21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Ringleader         21/         11/6      6/6        3/6  2/3 

Pink  Hebron 21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Eating  Potatoes                     10/          —          —           —  — 

British  Queen 25/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Up-to-Date       25/         13/         7/           4/  2/6 

Arran  Chief      22/         11/6      6/6         4/  2/6 

Dalhousie 22/         11/6      6/6         4/  2/6 

Iron  Duke         22/         11/6]     G/6         4/  2/6 

THE    EARLY    NON-IMMUNE   COLLECTION. 

3^1b.    each    Myatt's    Ashleaf,    Sharpe's     Express, 

Midlothian   Early,   Early  Rose. 

The  CoUi-ction,  10/-.     Doubk  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE    EARLY    IMMUNE   COLLECTION. 

3Ub.  iHcli  Oargill  Early,  Arran  Rose,  Witch  Hill, 

Edzell  Blue. 

Tlif  C'olli'Ction,  10/-.     Doiibli-  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE     SECOND     EARLY     AND     MAINCROP     IMMUNE 

COLLECTION. 

3ilb.  eacli  "  K.  of  K.,"  Arran  Comrade,  Majestic, 

The  Bishop. 

The  Collection,  11/-.     Double  Quantity,  21/-. 

No  variety  can  be  substituted.    All  collections  are  packed 

in  separate  bags,  correctly  named,  and  delivered  to  your  door 

iji  one  parcel,  carriage  paid,  by  passenger  train.    All  Seeds  in 

the    above    collection    .arc    Scotch,    e.\cept    Early    Rose  and 

■•  K.  of  K." 

HORTICULTURAL  MANURES. 

1121b.  561b,  281b.  141b.  71b. 

Basic  Slag,  30  %    ..      ..     12/  6/6      3/6  2/  1/3 

Superphosphate,  30  %. .     13/  7/        4/  2/6  1/6 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia        40/  20/  10/  5/6  3/ 

Potash  (Kainit)       .  .        .32/  16/         8/  4/6  2/6 

All  Round  Manure        .  .     24/  12/         6/  3/6  2/ 
(Our  Own  Mixing.) 

CARRIAGE    PAID    PASSENGER    RATES. 

Seeds  and  Manures  can  be  sent  carriase  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included.  It  is  much  cheaper  to  send  any  weight 
up  to  281b.  by  passenger  than  floods. 

71b.  141b.  281b.  661b.  1121b. 
Up  to  30  miles  ....  1/  1/4  1/9  2/4  3/3 
Up  to  50  miles  ....  1/  1/6  1/11  2/6  4/3 
Up  to  100  miles  ....  1  /  1/7  2/1  3/6  6/3 
Up  to  200  miles  ....  1  /  1/9  2/4  4/6  8/4 
Over  200  miles  ..  ..  1/  1/11  2/11  5/10  10/4 
Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  delivery. 
Send  for  our  Illustrated  List,  a  complete  guide  to  Potato 
Gro^\ing.     It  will  interest  you. 

Contractor    to    His    Majesty's    Government. 

sl^aM'ESItrMGRO'^s 
JMERSHAM.^  l^S.HUNT 


WATERERS' 

INCOMPARABLE 
SEEDS 

For  Vegetable  &  Flower  Gardens. 

The  Seeds  that  in 
their  results  maintain 
the  satisfaction  of 
confidence,  security, 
&  remunerativie  crops 

Descriptive    Catalogue     and    Garden 
Guide   Free  on    Application. 

SCOTCH  GROWN 
SEED  POTATOES 

are  quoted  at  extremely 
advantageous  rates  and 
our  stock  is  of  the  finest 
quality    we     have    ever 


handled. 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP 

LIMITED, 

TWYFORD,  BERKS 


spI 

5.  I 


iv^l 


BU  LBS 


AND 


PLANTS 


Fop  Spring,   1921. 


AH     of     the      Finest      Quality. 

The    Catalogue   of  above  will   be 

sent,    post    free,    on    application 

to  their  Offices  at 

Ovenveen,     Haarlem, 
HOLLAND. 


F     YOU     WANT 


Really  Good  Seeds 

AT     IVIODERATE     PRICES 

SEND     TO 

ROBERT  SYDENHAM  LIMITED 

99,  TENBY  STREET,  BIRMINGHAM 

No   one   will   serve  you    better, 
A     FEW      PRICES      FOR      1921 


BEET. 

Cheltenham  Oreen   Leaf,  best  for  flavour 
Dell's   Black  Leaved,  smooth,  medium-sized  roots 
Early  Model  Qlobe,  best  round  variety 

BORECOLE. 

Cottager's,  one  of  tlie  liardiest 

Dwarf  Oreen  Curled  Scotch,  the  best  Dwarf    . . 

Asparagus,  delicious  flavour 

BROCCOLI. 

Veitch'8  Self-Protecting  Autumn  

Snow's  Winter   White 

Spring  White,  very  hardy    . 

Late  Queen,  the  best  late   .. 

Purple  Sprouting,  most  naeful  hardy  sort 

White  Sprouting,  di  licioiis  flavour 

BRUSSELS    SPROUTS. 

The  Wroxton,  the  very  beat 
Darlington,  dwarf  robust,  very  productive 

CABBAGE. 

Ellam's  Early  Dwarf  Spring 
First  and  Best,  best  fur  Aulumn  sowing 
Blood  Red  Pickling,  Large  solid  heads 
Drumhead  (Savoy),  best  for  general  crop 


per  o2. 
9d. 
9d. 
9d. 


8d. 
lOd. 
lOd. 


1/6 
1/8 
1/9 
1/9 
8d. 
1;6 


1/- 
1/2 


lOd. 

1/- 
1/- 
9d. 


CARROT. 


Early  Nantes,  for  early  crop 
James  Scarlet,  best  Mli-cted 
Scarlet  Intermediate,  best  for  exliibilion 

CAULIFLOWER. 

Dean's  Early  Snowball,  selected  strain 

All  the  Year  Round,  veiy  distinct,  large  heads 

Early  London,  bi-i  for  fienenil  use 

Veitch's  Autumn  Qiant,  best  for  use  in  Autumn 

CELERY. 

All  Leading  Varieties         .  . 

LEEK. 

The  Lyon,  best  and  largest 
Musselburyh,  for  general  use 

LETTUCE. 

All  the  Year  Round,  excellent  and  reliable 
Unique,  pretty  frilled  foIiaEe,  and  tender 
Wonderful,  keep-  tender  a  long  time 
Qiant  Paris  White  (Cos),  beat  for  summor 
Balloon  (Cos),  largest  of  all 

ONION. 

Excelsior  (true),  packets  750  seeds  6d. 
AHsa  Craig,  packet--  750  seeds  6d. 
White  Spanish  or  Reading 
Bedfordshire  Champion 
Qiant  Zittau,  one  of  the  best  keepers 
Qiant  White  Tripoli,  best  flat  white  onion 

PARSNIP. 

Hollow  Crown,  specially  selected.  . 

SPINACH. 

Summer  or  Winter 

SHALLOTS. 

Best  Selected  Roots 

TURNIP. 

Model  White  Stone 

Extra  Early  Milan  Purple-top    . . 

Qolden  Ball 


8d. 
8d. 
8d. 

per  pkt. 

6d. 

8d. 

6d. 

per  ot  1,6 


3d. 

per  oz. 
1/6 
1'4 


8d. 
8d. 
9d. 
8d. 
9d. 


Zi- 
2/- 
1/- 
1/6 
1/8 
1/6 


per  oz. 
4d. 


4d. 

per  lb. 
6d. 

per  oz. 
6d. 
9d. 
6d. 


PEAS, 

from  1/6  per  pint 


BEANS, 

from  1/-  per  pint 


SCOTCH   SEED   POTATOES. 

ALL    THE      LEADING     VARIETIES      AT     MODERATE 

PRICES.     See  Catalogue. 
ALL    OTHER     SEEDS    EQUALLY    CHEAP    AND     GOOD 

SWEET    PEAS    A    SPECIALITY. 
THEIR     UNIQUE     LISTS 

Post  Free  on  application. 

ROBERT    SYDENHAM     LIMITED 


February  26,   1921.1 


THE     GARDEN. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  26,   1921. 


.'-^■.Sy', 


l.-''».„.«J 


FLOWER  SEEDS  to  sow   now 
in  frame  or  greenhouse. 

STOCKS,  large  fld.,    ten  week, 
finest  mixed,  bd.per  pkt. 
„         All  ■  the  -  Year  -  Round, 
beautiful  double  white, 
(id.  and  i/-  per  pkt. 
„        Larg    fid.     pyramidal, 
large      double    flozoers, 
mixed,  td.  per  pkt. 
ASTERS,  Giant  Comet,  mixed  ; 
GiantComet, white  ;OstrichPlume, 
white;    ditto,  mixed;    Truffant's 
Perfection,      mixed ;       Victoria, 
mixed  ;  Dzvf.  Chrysanthemum,  fid. 
mixed ;    Sinensis,   single    mauve, 
pink,  and  white,  all  6d.  per  pkt., 
best  obtainable  strains. 
CARNATION.      finest     border 
vars.,  self  colours,  i  /6  per  pkt. 
GLOXINIA,    finest    erect   fid., 
I  /6  per  pkt. 

PRIMULAS,  giant  fld.,  in  good 
variety  of  sep.  colours,  and  finest 
mixed,  i/6  per  pkt. 
AURICULA  ALPINE,  finest 
strain  for  outdoor  culture,  td.  pkt. 
NEMESIAS,  Triumph,  and 
Blue  Gem,  splendid  half-hardy 
annuals,  6d.  and  i/-  per  pkt.  ; 
sow  end  of  March. 
SALPIGLOSSIS  grandiflorus, 
very  fine  half-hardy  annuals, 
2,d.  and  6d. 

J.  R.  Pearson  &Sons, 
Lowdhani. 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


Dnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
n 


n 
n 
n 
n 

B 

n 
a 
u 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

§ 
n 
n 

n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 


AUBRIETIAS 

(New  Varieties). 

Strong  tufty  plants  groivn  !n  pots  for  imme- 
diate  planting    out    for   effect    this  Spring. 

^^  ^*  ^* 

ATTRACTION  (R.  V.  PRICHARD).  1921  Novelty. 

Immense   pale  mauve;    lar^^est  Howers  of    any, 

each  5^-. 
AUBREY   PRICHARD.  rich  mauve  blue,  circular 

flowers,  16  each,  15/-  doz. 
BLUE  KING,  nearest  approach  to  blue,  1|6  each, 

15/- do/,. 
CHURCH  KNOWLE,  lovely   grey   blue,  II-  each, 

10/- doz. 
DAYBREAK,  rosy  lavender,  1/6  each,  15/-  doz. 
FIRE   KING,    IMPROVED,   reddish   crimson,    1/6 

each,  15/-  doz, 
RIVERSLEA  PINK,  large  rosy  pink,  I/-  each,  10/- 

doz. 
ROSEA  SPLENDENS,  lovely  soft  rose  pink,  large 
size,  perfect  habit.    Award  .Merit,  R.H,S.  Spring, 
1919,    I  6  each,  six  plants  for  8/6. 
RUSSELL'S  CRIMSON,  darkest  of  the  red  shades. 

1/-  each.  10/-  doz. 
STUDLAND.  clear  lavender  mauve,  l/-each,  10/6 

doz. 
VIRGINIE.  rich  lavender,  white  centre,   1/6  each, 

15/-  doz. 
WARBAKROW,  pure  deep  rose,  l\-  each,  10/6  doz. 

Collection,  one  each  of  the  above,  12/6,  other 

varieties  of  Aubrietias,  9d.  each,  8/-  doz. 

Carriage  extra. 


n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 

Bnn.nunK«nvTT,  pure  ueep  rose,  i(-  eacn,  lu/o  aoz.    □ 
n 

0  Collection,  one  each  of  the  above,  12/6,  other  n 
n  varieties  of  Aubrietias,  9d.  each,  8/-  doz.  S 
n  Carnage  extra.  D 

n  n 

n  CATALOGUE  of  best  rock  and  herbaceous  plants  n 
n  on  application.  n 

§     MAURICE    PRICHARD,     | 

a  Rivepslea   Nursery,  D 

B      CHRISTCHURCH,    HANTS,      n 

n  n 

cnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 


GIANT 
^^         SWEET  PEAS 

Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM, 


Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  largi'  size,  ihe  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  possess  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named  5/6 

18            ..                   ..               ..  8/- 

24            ..                   ..  10/6 

30            ..                                   ..  12i6 

40            ..                   ..               ..  17/6 

50           ..                   ..               ..  22i6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH     WITH    ORDER. 

All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  mignificent  for  all  purposes, containing 
a  wonderful  range  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours ;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITEFOR  A  CATALOGUE 
of   all  the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.FRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.  61),  WEM,   Shropshire. 


Also   ihe  finest  Flower  Seeds,   Vegetable 
Seeds,    Potatoes,    etc. 


FREE  GUIDE 
TO-DAY. 

Simply  write  a  postcard  now  for  an  absolutely  free 
copy  of  cur  beautifulli  illustrated 

''GUIDE  TO 
GARDEN    WISDOM 
AND     GUARANTEED 
GARDEN  SEEDS" 

We  shall  be  delighted  to  send  it  to  you  absolutely 
freely,  and  without  any  sort  of  obligation  on  your  part. 
Ensures  Your  Garden  being  as  Lovely  and  as  Profit- 
able as  the  one  you  have  so  often  admired,  and  saves 
you  money,  too 

EVERY  PACKET  OF  SEEDS  ordered  thence 
MUST  grow  f(  r  YOU  ard  please  you  or  you  will  get  it 
REPLACED  FREELY.  Your  decision  is  absolutely 
final.  We  shall  not  be  there  o  influence  you.  If  a 
Seedsman  has  not  confidence  enough  in  his  ^eeds  to 
sell  them  under  a  plain  Guarantee,  they  are  obviously 
not  gooj  enough  for  YOUR  Garden. 

Please  post  your  card  to-day.  addressing   us   per- 


snnally. 


TOOGOOD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 

Seedsmen    to    H,m,     the     King,     and 

Growers  a>  "Better  Crops"  Seeds  only, 

SOUTHAMPTON. 


,<i^M^ 


No.  2571.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[February  26,  1921 


EACH  year  as  its  flowering  season  comes 
round  the  Cornelian  Cherry  (Cornus 
Mas)  is  sent  to  this  office  for  identifi- 
cation. The  unfailing  regularity  with 
which  it  arrives  from  all  parts  of  the 
country  is  due,  no  doubt,  to  the  fact  that  it  is 
very  conspicuous  early  in  the  year  when  most 
other  trees  are  still  dormant.  Cornus  Mas,  or 
mascula  as  it  is  sometimes  known,  is  a 
very  showy  early-flowering  shrub  of  large 
sire.  More  often  at  its  best  during  February,  the 
bushes  were  a  mass  of  yellow  blossoms,  fuUy  open 
in  mid- January  this  year.  The  Cornelian  Cherry  can 
be  t''ained  into  a  small  tree,  but  is  more  often  seen  as 
a  tall  spreading  shrub  lo  feet  to  20  feet  in  height. 
Flowering  early  in  the  year,  the  blooms  are  usually 
damaged,  hence  the  bright  red  fruits  are  seldom 
seen  in  any  quantity.  Cornus  Mas  thrives  in  most 
soils. 

The  Yellow  Crocus.  —  When  reading  that 
interesting  book.  "  Flowers  and  Gardens,"  by 
Forbes  Watson,  a  few  evenings  ago,  we  came 
across  the  following  passage  on  the 
Yellow  Crocus,  which,  although 
written  in  1872,  is  none  the 
less  true  to-day:  "This  is  one 
of  the  many  plants  which  are  spoilt  by 
too  much  meddling.  If  the  gardener 
too  frequently  separates  the  offsets, 
the  individual  blooms  may  possibly 
be  finer,  but  the  lover  of  flowers  will 
miss  the  most  striking  charms  of  the 
humbler  and  more  neglected  plant 
The  reason  is  this :  the  bloom  when 
first  opening  is  of  a  deeper  orange  than 
afterwards,  and  this  depth  of  hue  is 
seemingly  increased  when  the  blossoms 
are    small   from   crowded    growth." 

Earl  ■  Roses  in  Pots.— Cold  draughts 
are  one  of  the  greatest  enemies  to  early 
Roses,  and  the  airing  of  the  houses 
or  pits  devoted  to  them  should  always 
be  carefully  managed.  When  pot  Roses 
are  grown  in  conjunction  with  other 
plants  they  should  be  so  arranged  that 
plenty  of  light. may  reach  them  and 
not  be  subjected  to  too  much  moisture. 
Where  buds  are  swelling  an  occasional 
stimulant  may  be  given,  providing  the 
bushes  are  well  supplied  with  roots. 
Two  Good  Autumn  Plants. — 
Salvia  splendens  and  S.  Pitcherii 
are  .  well  worth  growing  where 
large  batches  .  of  flowering  plants 
are  required  for  the  conser%'atory. 
Both  are  of  easy  culture,  and 
cuttings  inserted  now  will  make 
fine  plants  by  autumn.  The  glowing 
scarlet      of       the      former     is     very  An 


effective  with  an  early  batch  of  Arums,  while  the 
more  subdued  Pitcherii  with  its  lovely  shade 
of  blue  may  be  used  with  good  effect  among 
other  subjects.  To  make  large  specimens  the 
old  plants  of  Pitcherii  should,.be  shaken  out  and 
grown  on  again.  These  Salvif.s  revel  in  a  rich 
soil,  especially  when  grown  in  pots.  Loam  and 
manure  in  about  equal  parts  suit  them  admir- 
ably. 

Dwarf-flowering  Oleanders. — in  the  Revue 
Horticole  for  the  month  of  December  there  is 
an  account  of  three  new  Oleanders  of  so  dwarf- 
a  habit  that,  cut  back,  they  flower  freely  in  small 
pots  and  are  now  grown  for  the  market  in  the 
West  of  France.  The  tall  and  straggling  growth 
of  the  Oleander  prevents  many  garden-lovers 
from  trying  to  grow  it  in  their  small  houses  or 
gardens  ;  so  M  Georges  Morin,  who  gives  such 
a  good  report  of  three  seedlings  of  this  free- 
flowering  and  dwarf  variety  of  Oleander  in  his 
garden  at  La  Rochelle,  will  deserve  our  best 
thanks     if     these     three     new     sorts — Rochelais, 


Botaniste  Faideau  and  Aunissien- — prove  amen- 
able to  English  ways  and  English  summers  that 
are  too  often  a  missing  quantity.  Aunissien  seems 
the  freest,  but  Botaniste  Faideau  the  finest 
flower— E.   H.    W. 

Trees  and  Shrubs  With  Variegated 
Foliage. — When  selecting  trees  and  shrubs  for 
planting  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  a 
certain  number  of  plants  with  variegated  foliage 
add  beauty  to  the  garden.  There  are  so  many 
species  that  have  forms  of  this  nature  that  it  should 
be  an  easy  matter  to  make  a  selection.  It  may  be 
valuable  information  to  some  of  our  readers  to 
know  that  a  much  better  effect  is  obtained  if 
the  golden  variegated  forms  are  planted  in 
full  sun,  planting  the  silver  variegated  ones  in 
the  shade.— F.  G.   P. 

The  Value  of  Beech  Hedges. — .-Vlthough  there 
are  a  host  of  plants  suitable  for  making  hedges,  few 
subjects  are  more  effective  at  the  present  time  than 
well  grown  Beech  hedges.  In  a  dwarf  state  the 
leaves  of  Beech  remain  on,  and  for  that  reason  they 
are  valuable  as  a  protection  for  plants 
from  cold  winds,  as  well  as  giving  a 
rustic  and  somewhat  warm  appearance 
by  their  brown,  dry  leaves  diuring 
the  dark  dull  days  of  winter. 

A  New  Runner  Bean.— The  subject 
of  our  illustration  on  the  front  cover 
of  this  issue  depicts  the  New  Exhibi- 
tion Runner  Bean  sent  out  by  Messrs. 
Webb  and  Sons.  It  is  one  of  the 
finest  of  its  class,  being  of  very  strong 
growth  and  a  prolific  cropper. 
The  handsome  pods  are  long, 
straight  and  of  fine  quality.  For 
exhibition  purposes  it  is  said  to  be 
unrivalled. 

*  '■  Chelsea  Show,  May  24,  25  and  26, 

1921. — In  order  to  assist  nurserymen 
who  wish  to  prepare  rock  gardens 
and  other  exhibits  for  the  open  air  at 
Chelsea,  the  Council  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  is  prepared  to 
consider  early  applications  for  space. 
Forms  of  entry  can  be  obtained  on 
application  to  the  Secretary,  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  Vincent  Square, 
Westminster,  S.W.  i.  Spaces  will  be 
allotted  as  soon  as  possible  after 
this   date. 


THE     CORNELIAN     CHERRY. 

early   htossoming  shrub   which   provokes   mimcroiis   enquiries. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 

March       i.    —    Royal       Caledonian 
Horticultural  Society's  Meeting. 

March  5.  —  Gloucestershire  Root 
Fruit  and  Grain  Society's  Annua 
General  Meeting. 


98 


THE    GARDEN. 


[February  26,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


FLOWERS    FOR    AN    EDGING. 

AUBRIETIA  and  dwarf  Campanula  are  to  my 
mind  extremely  suitable  for  edgings.  Snails 
and  slugs  harbour  everywhere,  but  we  might  as 
well  have  flowers  for  an -.edging  as  stiff  clipped  Box, 
and  we  can  grow  spring-flowering  bulbs  in  such 
edgings  as  Anbretia  and  Campanula  muralis.— 
W.  J.  Farmer. 

THE    FLOWERING  OF  STERNBERGIAS. 

AS  some  recent  correspondence  seems  to  point 
to  disappointment  with  the  flowering  of 
these  beautiful  plants,  it  is  to  be  hoped 
that  it  will  not  be  the  means  of  preventing  others 
from  trying  them.  Here,  at  Camtridge,  Stcrnbergia 
lutea,  and  particularly  its  variety  angiistifolia, 
has  been  growing  for  many  years  and  flowers 
with  the  greatest  freedom,  throwing  up  beautiful 
yellow  Crocus-like  flowers  above  the  dark  green 
ioliage  from  late  summer  until  almost  Christmas, 
the  best  display  being  in  the  open  without  the 
protection  of  any  wall  or  other  building,  although 


as  a  background.  There  is  no  green  to  surpass 
the  shade  of  the  Laurel.  Even  the  handsome  shiny 
Berberis  a  few  yards  away  is  eclipsed  during  the 
winter.  Perhaps  the  Laurel  owes  some  of  its 
effect  to  Vinca  major  running  along  the  base, 
and  later  in  the  season  thrusting  its  blue  faces 
here  and  there  through  odd  apertures.  In  another 
corner  the  Laurel  grows  unchecked,  and  is  very 
handsome  with  its  spikes  of  cream  flowers.  By 
accident  its  next  door  neighbour  is  a  Myrobalan 
Plum;  to-day  (February  iv)  a  mass  of  white 
buds  in  tiny  clusters,  showing  up  most  effectively 
against  the  polished  leaves  of  the  Laurel.  1  have 
used  the  latter  for  table  decorations.  Last  month 
with  only  a  few  Crocuses  in  the  garden  to  fall  back 
upon,  I  used  low  glass  jars  filled  with  Moss  upon  an 
old  oak  tible,  dotting  yellow  Crocuses  here  and 
there  and  totally  concealing  the  jars  with  Moss, 
the  yellow  cups  opened  in  the  warmth  and  made  a 
pretty  picture  against  the  Oak,  The  centrepiece 
was  encircled  with  Laurel  lying  flat  on  th';  table 
and   a   few   tinted    Beriberis  leaves   completed   the 


A    COLON' V 


OF     STERNBERGIAS     IN     THE     BOTANIC     GARDENS,     CAMBRIDGE. 


without  a  doubt  they  should  be  planted  in  a  warm, 
sunny  spot  in  well  drained  soil,  5  inches  to 
6  inches  deep,  and  left  undisturbed.  Given  these 
conditions,  there  seems  no  reason  why  they  should 
not  be  grown  and  flowered  freely  wheii  once 
established.  The  illustration  is  a  group  of  Stem- 
bergia  lutea  var.  angustifolia,  which  is  to  be 
preferred  to  the  t>'pf.  ^5  it  increases  and  flowers 
more  freely. — F.  G.  Preston. 

COMMON     SHRUBS      FOR      INDOOR 
DECORATION. 

ALWAYS  I  have  had  more  than  a  secret  regard 
for  the  much-abused  Laurel,  and  am  proud 
to  think  I  am  supported  by  such  an  artist  as  Miss 
Jekyll.  Her  praise  of  this  shrub  is  not  one  jot 
exaggerated.  This  month  in  the  garden  the 
Laurel  stands  out  prominently  against  other 
evergreens  and  dominates  all  except,  perhaps. 
Magnolia  grandiflora.  Against  a  Laurel  hedge, 
which  grows  more  or  less  at  will,  I  planted  Buddleia 
globosa — which  alone  would  be  beautiful  with  the 
breeze  playing  on  its  Sage  green  leaves  and  at 
moments  causing  almost  a  silvery  effect  on  the 
under  part — but  it  is  even  more  so  with  the  Laurel 


setting.     Aristolochia  leaves  make  in\ique  d'oyleys 

for  the  tea  table.     People  are  recommended  to  grow 

flowering  shrubs,  but  do  they  realise  their  many 

uses  and  advantages  indoors  ?     I   use   all  within 

my  reach  in  turn,  even  the  fruits  of  the  common 

Elder.     In  late  summer  a  very  effective  decoration 

can  be  obtained  by  the  use  of  an  old  Devonshire 

pitcher  filled  with  all  shades  of  Perennial  Asters, 

tall  Rashes,  a  Phlox  or  two  (pink;  mauve  or  purple),, 

an    odd   Rose,   Clematis-   lanuginosa   to   create   a 

bizarre  eflect,   and  at   the   base  some  rich   black 

clusters     of     Elderberry    fruits.        The     shrubby 

Hypericum,  with  its  brown  seed-cases  in  an  autumn 

\-ase,  is  also  very  handsome.     Rctinispora,  if  used 

,  with  discretion,  is  most  useful  in  a  bowl — it  acts 

as  a  support  to  flowers  aijd  has  pleasing  shades 

of  green.     Perncttya  used  alone  is  very  satisfactory. 

The   Spindls   Tree,    with   its    pretty   capsules   on 

slender    stems,  is   well  knowTi.     At    the   moment 

I  have    a    green    bowl    filled    with    Laurustinu? 

which,  stripped  of  its  heavy  green  leaves,  reminds 

one    somewhat    of    a    Saxifrage— the    umbels    of 

minute    white    flowers    and    pink    buds    are    very 

attractive  on  their  red  stems  ;     young  shoots  of 

Lilac  and   Ribos  intermixed  with  trails  of  SedUni 


making  a  pleasant  change  in  the  dullest  month 
of  the  year  and  helping  to  fill  the  gap  until  we 
can  gather  Daffodils  and  spring  foliage  in  pro- 
fusion.^— Sybil. 

CLIMBERS    FOR   A    TRELLISED  WALL. 

T-TAVING  been  ill  recently  and  not  able  to  look 
at  a  paper  for  several  weeks,  I  have  had  a  lot 
of  arrears  to  make  up.     The  first  paper  I  tackled 
was    The    Garden.      Its    good,   clear   print  is  no 
small  boon   to  my  old   eyes   and  its  illustrations 
are  always  interesting.    First,  I  thank  all  the  kind 
folks   who   sent   suggestions  for   climbers   on    the 
trellised  north  and  east  walls  of  Chaffinch  Cottage. 
Said  trellis  of   i    foot  scjuares  (not  diamonds)  was 
suggested    to  me   by  our   Editor,   and  its  brown 
laths   are    an   immediate   and   immense  improve- 
ment to  its  appearance,   taking  away  the  raw  look 
of  the  new  walls.     I  have  noted  several  of  the  sug- 
gestions for  planting  at  the  earliest  opportunity,  but, 
for  the  coming  summer  must  content  myself  chiefly 
with    climbing    annuals,    Tropaeolums     of     sorts, 
Convolvulus  major  and  Coba;  s      I  love  the  weurd, 
witch-like  flowers  of  this  last.     The  very  attrac- 
tive   and    original    suggestion    by    Mr.     Clarence 
Elliott   of   plants  and  garden  requisites.   I  intend 
to    commend   to    my  family     circle    before     my 
birthday    in     March,      and    hope      they  11     send 
me     some   of   Mr.    Beckett  s  Michaelmas  Daisies. 
How    those    illustrations    made    me   long    to    see 
them  at  .Aldenham  !     Whenever    I    think   of    Mr. 
Beckett's   Daisies,    I   can  almost   forgive  (though 
not     forget)      his      huge      Onions.        "  Somers' " 
delightful      dream      of      "January  Sweet  Peas" 
recalls     Charles     Lamb's      "  Dream       Children," 
and   I    guess    "Somers"    to    be.   like    myself,    a 
lover     of     "the    gentle    Elias,"     whose     Essays 
bear    reading     again    and    again,     as     do    Mrs. 
Earle's    volumes    of    Pot-Pourris.    together  with 
Richard  Jeffries,  and  th  ■  American  Thoreau  a  sure 
test  of  true  literary  worth, — Anne  Amateuk. 

POTATO     EPICURE. 

■f  THINK  this  variety  was  raised  and  sent  out 
Ijy  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons,  as  a  second  early, 
and  its  quality  is  superb.  .'Vs  an  early  market 
\'ariety  it  is  more  grown  than  any  other  in  South 
Hants  to  supply  such  towns  as  Portsmouth. 
Gosport  and  Southampton,  being  ready  to  dig 
in  the  open  at  the  end  of  May  and  early  in  June, 
when  good  prices  are  obtainable.  In  addition  to 
its  earliness.  it  is  an  enormous  cropper,  making 
much  money  from  a  small  space.  Anotlier 
advantage  in  growing  this  variety  is  that  the 
ground  can  again  be  so  quickly  cropped  with 
Cabbage,  Turnips,  Brussels  Sprouts,  Lettuce, 
Marrows  or  Kidney  Beans. — E.   M. 

EDIBLE     FUNGL 

'TpHE  note  on  "Blue  Legs"  (page  16),  followed 
by  the  interesting  letter  of  Mr.  Clarence 
Elliott,  not  only  reminds  one  that  few  Fungi  are 
eaten  in  this  country,  compared  with  France, 
Germany  and  Italy  especially  but  of  the  difficulty 
in  getting  accurate  published  facts  on  the  subject. 
As  long  ago  as  186,^  a  second  edition  was  published 
by  Lovell  Reeve  and  Co.  of  Dr.  Badham's  illus- 
trated "  Treatise  on  the  Esculent  Funguses  of 
England."  This  gave  an  account  of  their 
classical  history,  uses,  characters,  development, 
structure,  nutritious  properties  and  modes  of 
cooking  and  preserving,  and  was  well  illustrated 
with  twelve  hand-coloured  plates.  The  price  was 
I2S.,  and  I  expect  it  has  long  been  out  of  print. 
I  recently  securtd  a  copy  at  a  sale.  In  the  first 
paragraph  we  read :  "  No  country  is  perhaps 
richer  in  esculent  Funguses  than  our  own  ;  we 
have  upwards  of  thirty  species  abounding  in  our 
woods.  No  markets  might  therefore  be  better 
supplied   than   the    English,    and   yet   England    is 


February  26,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


99 


the  only  country  in  Europe  where  this  important 
and  savoury  food  is  from  ignorance  or  prejudice, 
left  to  perish  ungathered."  Tlie  extent  to  whicli 
fungi  are  eaten  on  the  Continent  of  Europe  is 
liardly  realised  by  the  casual  traveller,  however 
much  he  may  have  enjoyed  a  delicious  dish  in 
some  Frencli  or  Italian  restaurant.  I  believe 
that  in  France  and  perhaps  in  Germany,  school- 
children are  taught  to  recognise  many  of  the 
edible  kinds :  and  I  remember  seeing  in  the 
village  schoolroom  in  one  of  the  smallest  islands 
in  the  Western  Mediterranean  two  admirable 
charts  hung  on  the  walls — one  with  coloured 
figures  of  the  eatable  kinds,  and  the  other  with 
those  known  to  be  harmful  if  not  poisonous.  This 
was  on  the  island  of  Porquerolles,  south  of  Toulo.i 
and  Hyferes,  Whether  the  fact  that  a  former 
cure  was  a  distinguislied  botanist  partly  accounted 
for  these  useful  charts  I  cannot  say.  A  much 
smaller  and  cheaper  book  on  "  British  Fung, 
and  How  to  Identify  Them"  (is.,  now  is.  6d.) 
was  written  by  J.  H.  Crabtree,  and  published 
a  few  years  ago  by  Charles  H.  Kelly  in  his  useful 
series  of  little  handbooks  on  natural  history. 
The  black  and  white  illustrations  in  this  booklet 
are  very  good,  being  clear  reproductions  of  photo- 
graphs. It  has  a  short  useful  introduction  on  the 
structure  and  life  history  of  fungi,  with  a 
simple  form  of  classification. 
Boletus  edulis  is  here  called 
"  Dainty  Bolet,"  and  we  are  told 
that  the  Bolets  and  some  ten 
other  British  genera  differ  from 
most  of  the  others  by  having 
pores  instead  of  gills  under  the 
pileus. — H.  Stuart  Thompson. 

ASSISTING    BACKWARD 

POTATOES    TO    SPROUT 

T  AST  year  I  had  some  very  nice 
seed  tubers  of  Potato  Great 
Scot  sent  to  me.  These  were  duly 
boxed  and  placed  in  a  position 
where  they  were  able  to  obtain 
plenty  of  daylight.  For  some  un- 
known reason  they  were  very  slow 
in  sprouting.  I  therefore  gave 
them  a  little  assistance.  Pans  of 
dampened  bulb  fibre  were  prepared 
and  the  seed  Potatoes  plunged 
half  into  the  material  with  the 
"  eyes "  just  showing.  The  material  was  kept 
moist  by  an  occasional  overhead  spray.  The 
result  was  quite  satisfactory.  In  about  a  week 
the  sprouts  began  to  make  their  appearance,  and 
at  the  end  of  a  fortnight  were  nicely  developed. 
These  were  planted  in  due  course,  but  suffered 
rather  badly  from  "  rust."  Great  Scot  seems 
rather  susceptible  to  this  disease.  I  am  wondering 
whether  they  had  received  some  check  which 
prevented  them  sprouting  without  assistance, 
and  whether  this  accounted  for  the  subsequent 
appearance  of  "  rust." — Pangbourne. 

FLOATING     FLOWERS    IN    BOWLS. 


T  AM  delighted  to  see  in  a  recent  issue  of  Thk 
Garden,  page  17,  the  most  interesting  note 
by  H.  H.  Warner  on  the  present  fashion  of  be- 
heading flowers  for  floating  in  bowls.  The  Water 
Lily  seems  to  be  the  only  flower,  besides  the  blue 
Forget-Me-Not  (Myosotis  palustris),  which  Tennyson 
tells  us  "  grows  for  happy  lovers,"  which  should  be 
"  afloat."  The  Dahlia,  happily,  cannot  be  made 
even  by  decapitating,  to  look  like  a  Water  Lily. 
Why  fashion  cannot  follow  nature  is  hard  to  see. 
To  lose  the  stalks  of  flowers  is  to  lose  much  of  their 
charm  and  beauty.  Take  Roses,  for  instance ; 
give  them  a  clear  white  glass  vase,  cut  tliem  long 


in  stalk,  leave  the  lovely  red  thorns  on.  then  plac 
them  in  the  vases.  There  is  a  modicum  of  beauty 
in  seeing  the  stems  of  the  flowers  in  clear  glass  and 
sparkling  water  the  little  air  bubbles  settling  in 
the  water  making  the  picture  complete  and  true 
to   nature.      Take   another   instance.      Sweet    Peas 


beheaded,  what  are  they  ?  They  were  not  meant 
to  float  but  to  waver  on  their  glorious  grey-green 
stems  with  every  passing  breeze.  "  poised  for 
flight  "  and  when  cut  to  be  treated  as  the  Roses 
should  be  their  long  stalks  showing  through  the 
glass  vases. — H.  C.   P. 


PEAS  AND  BEANS  FOR  SUCCESSION 

spring   Sozving  should  be  Sparing  and  Regular 


To  obtain  an  unbroken  supply  of  Peas 
and  Beans,  especially  the  former,  regular 
and  small  sowings  rather  than  a  quantity 
at  longer  intervals  should  be  made.  Where 
so  many  persons — -especially  amateurs — 
err  is  in  sowing  the  seed  too  thickly,  which  is 
not  only  a  waste  of  seed  but  is  injurious  to  growth. 
The  plants  with  insufficient  space  for  development 
of  haulm  grow  weakly  and  cannot  bear  pods 
freely  or  so  strong  as  they  would  if  more  space 
were  given  for  the  proper  growth  of  haulm  and 
leaf. 

Peas. — With  continuous  rain  and  frost,  especially 


SPROUTING  A.SSISTED     BY     DAMPENED     BULB     FIBRE, 


when  allied  to  heavy  soil,  no  doubt  the  best 
method  to  adopt  with  the  early  sown  batch 
of  seed  is  to  raise  the  plants  in  boxes  under  glass 
and  put  out  the  plants  in  drills  when  they  are 
about  3  inches  high.  Prepare  shallow  boxes  with 
light,  rich,  moist  soil  and  sow  the  seed  about 
2  inches  apart.  Cover  them  with  half  an  inch  of 
soU  and  stand  the  boxes  in  a  cool  house  or  even  a 
cold  frame  protected  from  frost.  When  the 
plants  show  above  the  soil  expose  them  freely  to 
air  and  light  to  induce  a  stocky  growth.  Put  out 
the  plants  in  double  rows  6  inches  apart  for  dwarf 
sorts.  For  tall  varieties  10  inches  is  none  too 
much,  with  at  least  4  inches  and  8  inches  from 
plant  to  plant.  The  varieties  for  this  method 
of  culture  I  recommend  are  Pilot,  Sutton's  Early 
Giant  and  Edwin  Beckett.  The  latter  is  quite 
one  of  the  best  of  early  Peas  in  that  it  is  robust 
in  growth  and  distinctly  good  in  flavour  and  crop. 
.\11  are  of  the  Marrowfat  section,  which  are 
admittedly  superior  in  quality  to  the  round  section, 
and  when  sown  as  directed  there  is  not  the  risk 
of  failure  which  occurs  if  adverse  weather  inter- 
venes after  open  sowing, 

For  the  first  sowing  in  the  open  on  a  south  border, 
if  the  soil  is  dry,  the  third  week  in  February  is 
a  good  time  for  such  \'arieties  as  Pioneer,  New 
Leader   and   Pilot.     Where  the  soil  is  heavy  and 


retentive  of  moisture  it  is  a  good  plan  to  dig  out 
a  trench  6  inches  deep,  filling  it  in  with  a  light 
compost,  such  as  old  potting  soil,  leaf-mould  and 
decayed  vegetable  refuse.  This  provides  better 
drainage  in  the  case  of  continuous  rain. 

Early   in   March   the   Marrowfat    varieties   may 
be  sown  in  the  open,  and  where  supports  can  be 
secured  I    am  in  favour  of  tall- growing  varieties 
like  Duke  of  Albany  and  Quite  Content,  because 
greater  crops  can  be  secured  from  the  same  amount 
of    ground    than    is    possible   with    dwarf-growing 
varieties.     In  addition  to  the  two  named,  I   add 
Stourbridge  Marrow,  Centenary,  Telegraph,  Gradus, 
Senator   and   .-Alderman.      For    late 
supplies,         Autocrat,       Gladstone, 
Ne     Plus     I'ltra,      Quite     Content 
and      Edwin      Beckett,     which     is 
proving   to   be   an   excellent  late  as 
well      as      an     early     variety.       I 
would  again  emphasise  the  advan- 
tage of    sowing    thinly  to  give  the 
«  plants     space     to     develop     fuUy, 

M  making      lateral      growth       freely, 

1  especially     in     the   case     of     Quite 

j  Content,   which  continues    to    fruit 

over  a  long  period  in  consequence 
of  sucnessional  growth.  Where  a 
constant  supply  of  pods  is 
needed,  sowings  should  be  re- 
peated every  ten  days.  Where, 
however,  space  is  limited^,  this 
cannot  be  done.  "   ', 

Broad  Beans. — The  sowing  of 
Broad  Beans  in  boxes  for  ■  the 
earliest  crop  has  much  to  retom- 
mend  it  where  the  soil  is  heavy 
and  continually  wet  in  early 
spring.  Even  if  the  boxes  cannot  have 
more  than  shelter  from  heavy  ^  rains  by  a 
covering  of  galvanised  iron.  By ,  this  means 
regular,  even  rows  are  assured,  and  as  the 
roots  take  kindly  to  the  soil  when  transplanted, 
but  little  check  takes  place.  The  plants,  too, 
come  earlier  into  flower  and  they  fruit  closer  to 
the  soil,  thus  giving  a  heavier  crop  of  pods.  The 
middle  of  February  is  a  good  time  to  make  the 
first  sowing  in  the  open,  also  in  boxes,  except  of 
course  if  extra  early  supplies  are  needed  and  the 
plants  can  have  the  benefit  of  glass  protection. 
The  plants  from  the  early  sown  crops  are  less 
liable  to  aphis  attacks  than  later.  Some  practise 
November  sowings  in  the  open,  but  in  few  cases 
does  the  practice  warrant  success.  The  plants  are 
so  liable  to  suffer  from  cold  winds  and  frost  in 
the  early  months  of  the  year. 

We  have  not  much  variety  to  choose  from  in 
Broad  Beans.  Good  forms  of  Windsor  and  Long- 
pod  seem  all  that  is  necessary.  Those  who  prefer 
small  pods  and  Beans  should  grow  Beck's  Dwarf 
Gem.  Where  only  one  variety  is  required 
Mammoth  Longpod  is  good.  The  method  of 
cultivation — liberal  or  othenvise — makes  all  the 
difference  in  the  amount  of  crop  obtained,  in  the 
length  of  the  pod  and,  naturally,  in  the  number  ol 
Beans  contained.  F.  Moi  vneux. 


100 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  26,  1921. 


GLOBE     ARTICHOKES 

Increase  the   Yield  of  this  Sadly 
Neglected  Delicacy 

AD1':LICI0US  and  wholesome  vegetable, 
the  Globe  Artichoke  is  deserving  of  far 
more  attention  on  the  part  of  the  private 
gardener  than  it  usually  receives  in  this 
country.  Its  fleshy  heads  when  gathered 
before  the  scales  begin  to  open  too  fully  and  boiled 
in  salt  water,  are  delicious.  The  heads  must  be 
boUed  until  the  inner  parts  are  soft.  When  serving 
the  scales  are  detached,  dipped  in  melted  butter  and 
the  soft  portion  sucked  off.  Sometimes  the  heads 
are  pickled.  In  this  case  they  should  be  young 
and  not  more  than  2  inches  in  diameter.  "  Chards," 
which  are  cooked  like  Cardoons,  are  obtained  by 
cutting  down  the  old  plants  directly  the  heads  have 
been  gathered.  When  subsequently  the  young 
leaves  have  grown  to  be  24  inches  high  they  are 
tied  closely  together  in  bundles  and  in  this  way  they 
arc  blanched. 

A  bed  of  Globe  Artichokes  will  last  for  years,  but 
it  is  not  advisable  to  keep  plantations  for  so  long. 
The  better  plan  is  to  plant  a  row  or  two  each  year 
and  destroy  all  beds  as  they  become  three  years  old. 
The  heads  are  ready  for  cutting  about  July  and 
onwards.  The  plump  and  fresh-looking  ones  are 
the  best.  Those  with  protruding  scales  are  not  so 
good.  If  it  is  desired  to  prevent  any  becoming  too 
forward,  cut  them  with  a  foot  of  stem  and  place  in 
water  in  a  cool  ccUar. 

Soil  ani  Manures. — Deep,  light,  sandy  and  wcrm 
soil  suits  the  plant  best  Heavy,  cold  land  often 
causes  them   to  perish   in   the  winter.     But  they 


soil  it  is  not  necessary  to  use  artificials,  but  where 
it  is  necessary,  Kainit  at  the  rate  of  one  ounce  per 
square  yard  may  be  applied  when  the  ground  is 
being  dug,  one  and  a  half  ounces  of  superphosphate 
in  March  and  one  ounce  of  nitrate  of  soda  in  May. 
Two  o\mces  of  sulphate  of  ammonia  and  one  ounce 
of  superphosphate  to  a  gallon  of  water  applied 
occasionally  when  the  heads  are  developing  is  a 
.good  stimulant. 

Propagation. — The  best  method  of  propagating 
the  Globe  .Artichoke  is  by  suckers  taken  in  April. 
Lift  a  plant  and  separate  each  shoot  with  a  slice 
of  the  old  stock  attached.  It  does  not  matter 
whether  or  not  there  are  any  roots  attached.  All 
decaying  foliage  should  be  removed  and  each  shoot 
planted  singly  in  rows  4  feet  apart  and  3  feet  from 
set  to  set.  Another  way  of  planting  is  the  group 
method.  The  suckers  are  planted  in  groups  of  three 
sets  placed  0  inches  apart  w'ith  2  feet  between  the 


groups  and  4  feet  between  the  rows.  The  soil  round 
each  set  should  be  made  firm  and  mulched  with 
cinder  ashes,  or  decayed  manure.  In  dry  weather 
give  plenty  of  water.  Propagation  by  seeds  is  not 
successful.  The  seeds  germinate  and  develop  quite 
all  right,  but  the  resulting  plants  are  usually 
disappointing. 

After  Care. — The  after  care  of  the  Globe  .Arti- 
choke is  not  very  considerable.  In  the  autumn  all 
dead  foliage  should  be  removed  and  a  thick  layer 
of  litter  and  manure  placed  around  the  plants. 
If  the  weather  during  the  winter  should  be  severe, 
it  will  be  necessary  to  cover  over  the  tops  with 
dry  litter.  This  covering,  however,  should  not  be 
allowed  to  remain  too  long.  When  the  weather 
eases  it  should  be  removed.  Then,  about  April,  all 
litter  is  removed,  and  the  suckers,  and  a  dressing 
of  rotten  manure  spread  over  the  surface  and 
forked  in.  L.  M.  Marshall. 


The    Management    of    a    One-Light    Cold 
Frame  during  Twelve  Months 


A  ONE-LIGHT  cold  frame,  6  feet  by 
5  feet  !  Not  much  difficulty  in  keeping 
that  fully  occupied,  one  would  imagine. 
And  yet  there  are  some  amateurs  who 
become  possessed  of  such  a  structure — 
a  miniature  cold  greenhouse — who  cannot  keep  it 
evSn  half  filled.     1  know  that  this  is  so,  because 


CROPS     ADVANCED     WITHUU 
The  cold  frame 

will  succeed  on  any  impro\'ed  soils  that  contain 
sharp  matter,  such  as  road  grit,  cinders,  wood 
.isHes  and  vegetable  refuse. 

It  is  most  important  that  the  crops  should  be 
planted  in  a  warm  and  sunny  position.  The 
heavier  kind  of  soil  is  all  the  better  for  being  deeply 
trenched  during  autumn  or  winter.  Sandy  soil 
is  improved  by  the  addition  of  cow  manure  dug  in 
during  February,  with  a  surface  dressing  of  lime 
given  a  little  later  Horse  dung  is  more  suitable 
for  heavy  soil,  providing  it  is  fairly  well  decayed. 
Where  it  can  be  obtained  seaweed  is  good.    On  good 


1     HKAXING     APl'.AKATUS. 
in  Mid- April. 

from  time  to  time  I  receive  queries  from  gardening 
friends  asking  "  what  they  can  p>it  in  the  frame 
at  this  time  of  the  year  ?  " 

The  first  item  of  importance  is  the  situation  or 
aspect  where  the  frame  is  to  rest.  It  should  be 
so  placed  that  it  can  obtain  a  maximum  of  solar 
heat,  and  for  this  purpose  a  southern  or  south 
western  position  is  the  most  suitable.  If  such  a 
position  can  be  found  which  is  backed  by  a  high 
fence  or  wall,  place  the  frame  there  ;  it  will  then 
obtain  a  further  heat  by  reflection,  as  well  as 
shelter  from  a  cutting  north  wind. 


Amateurs  possessing  a  frame  for  the  first  time, 
do  not  seem  to  be  able  to  understand  that  ordinary 
garden  soil  is  not  a  suitable  material  with  which  to 
fill  it.  If  money  is  no  object,  the  ground  upon 
which  it  has  been  placed  should  be  dug  over  to  the 
depth  of  I  foot,  and  if  the  drainage  is  poor,  a  few 
stones  may  be  worked  into  the  bottom  soil  as  the 
digging  proceeds.  On  this  two  loads  of  dung  will 
give  a  nice  gentle  heat  for  the  first  year.  The  cost 
is  not  really  as  great  as  it  might  seem  at  first 
glance,  because  this  material  will  not  require  to 
be  renewed  for  three  years. 

If  manure  cannot  be  obtained,  nearly  fill  the 
frame  with  rotted  material  from  the  garden  "  tip," 
treading  this  well  down.  Before  placing  any  soil 
on  this,  give  a  thorough  watering  with  a  solution 
of  -808  ammonia,  two  ounces  to  the  gallon  of 
water,  to  destroy  the  slugs  which  are  sure  to  be 
present.  Then  add  a  foot  of  the  best  soil  that  the 
gai'den  can  spare,  and  the  frame  will  not  need  to  be 
replenished  for  at  least  two  years. 

While  on  the  subject  of  compost  for  the  frame,  I 
might  add  that  after  such  fillings,  all  that  is 
necessary  at  the  end  of  the  first  and  second  years, 
is  to  dig  over  and  retread  the  mould  formed  by  the 
decomposition  of  the  manure  or  tip  compost. 

Naturally,  if  stable  dung  is  employed,  the  same 
remarks  apply  as  to  the  addition  of  the  foot  of 
soil,  as  when  compost  heap  material  is  used. 

The  frame  is  now  ready  to  receive  the  first 
occupants,  which  in  my  case  are  always  Tom  Thumb 
Lettuces.  These  are  plants  from  the  open  ground 
made  by  sowing  the  seed  in  September.  The 
seedlings  are  carefully  lifted  and  dibbled  in  at  6  inch 
intervals  in  lines  a  foot  apart,  until  the  whole  frame 
is  filled.  This  is  done  in  November,  and  apart  from 
ventilating  on  fine  days,  nothing  further  tak;s 
place  until  March.  Olive  Radish  seed  is  then  sown 
very  thinly  between  the  lines  of  Lettuce.  The  seeds 
are  put  insingly  an  inch  apart.  Germination  usually 
takes  place  within  the  week,  and  by  the  time  that 
they  are  ready  to  pull — some  six  weeks — there  is  a 
grand  fight  going  on  between  the  Radishes  and 
Lettuces  as  to  whom  the  frame  really  belongs.  The 
victory  always  rests  with  the  Lettuces,  because  the 
Radishes  quickly  find  their  way  to  the  table — and 
jolly  good  sweet  little  things  they  are  too  ! 

The  victory  of  the  Lettuces  over  the  Radishes  is 
only  of  short  duration,  for  pans  of  seedlings  raised 
in  a  warm  room  ask  to  be  placed  in  the  frame.     As 


February  26,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


101 


the  Lettuces  are  not  really  ready,  it  seems  a  pity  to 
draw  them,  but  they  form  a  very  palatable  delicacy 
nevertheless.  Pans  are  preferable  to  boxes  for  cold 
frame  work,  as  by  drawing  one  or  two  Lettuces. 
room  can  be  made  for  a  pan,  whereas  a  box  might 
demand  that  half  a  dozen  be  used  forthwith.  Later 
on,  as  the  Lettuces  heart  and  are  eaten,  boxes  find 
a  place  in  the  interior,  but  these  are  used  for 
pricking  off  purposes,  whereas  the  pans  are  used 
for  seed  raising,  usually.  There  comes  a  time  when 
the  last  Lettuces  have  to  be  used,  because  boxes  and 
pans  cannot  wait. 

In  the  illustration  on  the  opposite  page  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  frame  is  fully  occupied.  In  the  extreme 
left-hand  corner  is  a  pan  of  spring  sown  (February) 
Tom  Thumb  Lettuce,  which  are  placed  in  the  cold 
frame  to  germinate  when  they  will.  These  become 
large  enough  to  plant  in  the  frame,  when  all  the 
pans  can  be  put  outside  to  harden.  Next  to  them  is 
a  pan  of  Alonsoa  for  summer  bedding.  Behind 
the  Lettuces  are  a  pan  of  early  Leek  seedlings, 
and  an  early  Marrow  in  seed  leaf  in  the  small  pot. 
Right  at  the  back  are  seen  Tomato  seedlings, 
which  are  to  fruit  outdoors  later  on. 

The  photograph  from  which  the  illustration  was 
prepared  was  taken  in  the  third  week  of  last 
April,  and  shows  how  a  little  protection  will  give 
advanced  crops  without  fire  heat. 

Towards  the  end  of  May  the  frame  becomes 
a  packed  mass.  The  Tomatoes  have  by  that  time 
been  all  potted  up  and  sunk,  rims  touching,  as  far 
back  as  possible  to  allosv  them  to  grow  i  foot  high 
without  touching  the  glass.  The  pans  of  pricked- 
out  seedlings  have  been  arranged  in  front  of  them, 
and  wherever  a  Lettuce  could  be  popped  in  there 
it  went,  whether  in  line  or  not. 

The  first  illustration  reminds  one  of  the  little 
suckling  baby.  It  is  quite  content  to  live  in 
its  small  world.  Later  on  it  is  going  to  have 
something  to  say  as  to  where  and  how  it  shall 
conduct  itself.  It  is  the  same  with  the  present 
frameful.  They  are  all  in  the  suckling  stage  ; 
they  are  contented. 

See  them  at  the  end  of  May.  Pandemonium 
reigns !  The  Tomatoes  have  grown  to  great 
hulking  bullies,  treelike  in  structure,  and  who  keep 
pushing  and  digging  their  elbows  into  r.ny  plant 
unfortunate  enough  to  be  in  the  vicinity.  "  We 
want  to  be  out  of  this  !  "  they  shout.  The  Lettuces 
and  smaller  plants  much  resent  this  bullying ; 
they  become  quite  pale  and  weak.  In  desperation 
they  appeal  to  me.  Then  I  take  those  Tomatoes 
by  the  scruff  of  the  neck  and  plant  them  out.  One 
can  almost  see  the  Lettuces  and  bedding-out 
plants  stretch  themselves  and  shake  down  into 
position.  The  pale  appearance  and  inclination 
to  grow  thin  disappears. 

Three  of  the  bullying  Tomatoes  are  allowed  to 
remain  in  their  pots  in  the  frame,  and  owing  to 
the  greater  accommodation  are  placed  in  widely 
different  positions  in  order  to  become  stocky  and 
sturdy.  These  have  later  on  to  occupy  the  whole 
frame.  June  arrives  and  the  frame  ■  becomes 
empty  of  its  occupants.  Three  wires  are  now  run 
the  length  of  the  frame,  and  at  the  deep  end  are 
planted  out  the  three  potted  Tomatoes.  These 
are  carefully  trained  to  the  wires  as  they  grow. 

I  hate  to  have  an  inch  of  ground  unoccupied, 
and  by  the  time  the  second  crop  of  Lettuces  are 
gone  there  is  quite  a  lot  of  spare  room.  I  have 
never  seen  the  Tomatoes  reach  the  bottom  of  the 
wires,  therefore  I  plant  in  a  corner  a  Cantaloup 
Melon,  which  by  the  time  the  Tomatoes  are  finished 
requires  most  of  the  frame  and  will  furnish  two 
good  fruits. 

Those  who  do  not  wish  to  grow  Tomatoes  in 
the  frame  should  purchase  a  good  frame  Cucumber 
plant  and  plant  it  near  the  top  corner,  shutting 
the  frame  for  the  first  few  days  until  it  has  got 
hold.     A  little  attention  to  ventilation  (not  much 


needed)  and  watering  will  produce  as  many  really 
good  Cucumbers  as  the  average  small  household 
will  require. 

By  the  time  that  these  summer  crops  have 
finished  a  last  crop  of  Radish  can  be  got  off  before 
it  becomes  time  to  turn  over  the  compost  and 
recommence  with  the  autumn-sown  Lettuces. 

Of  course,  this  is  only  a  suggestion  for  one  year's 
filling  of  the  frame.     What    to  grow  is   a   m.iftcr 


scores  or  hundreds,  maybe,  of  the  resultant 
seedlings  arc  Ufed  and  thousands  are  thrown  away 
or  dug  in. 

Sow  the  seeds  very  thinly  and  transplant  ihe 
seedlings  at  an  early  stage  with  roots  intact. 
The  common  way  is  to  forcibly  pull  up  ihe  young 
plants  and  so  the  roots  are  badly  broken,  a  serious 
check  to  growth  occurring  when  they  are  trans- 
pHntrd.      it  is  brsf  1o  ins.rt  a  e.irden  fork  under 


TOM.\TOES     AND     MELONS     GROWING     TOGETHER. 
Tlu-  Cantaloup  Melon  plant  in  bottom  right-hand  corner  will  occupy  most  0/  the  frame  when  the 

Tomatoes  shown  have  finished. 


for  the  individual.  If  I  have  helped  the  novice 
to  fill  his  frame  for  one  season,  he  will  not  need 
assistance  a  second  time.       Clarence  Ponting. 


Lettuces    All   the   Year 
Round 

NICE  crisp  Lettuces  are  much  appre- 
ciated all  the  year  round.  To  obtain 
the  most  succulent  leaves,  free  steady 
growth  is  essential.  If  the  plants 
receive  a  check  at  any  stage  of  their 
growth  they  fail  to  "heart"  satisfactorily  pnd 
frequently  "  bolt "  to  seed  prematurely. 

The  Cabbage  varieties  are  the  most  suitable 
for  growing  in  frames  during  the  winter  and  spring 
months,  and  also  for  the  earliest  batoh  of  the  year 
o\itside.  The  Cos  varieties  arc  of  great  value 
in  the  summer  and  autunui,  many  specimens 
when  well  grown  weighing  several  pounds  after 
the  outside  leaves  are  removed. 

A  rich  deep  soil  is  essential  to  success,  and  in 
gardens  where  the  soil  is  gravelly  and  poor  the 
cultivator  would  get  the  best  returns  from  a  small 
plot  which  has  been  specially  treated.  Having 
collected  some  garden  refuse,  well  decayed,  mix  it, 
together  with  some  rotted  manure  and  leaf-soil, 
if  these  are  procurable,  very  liberally  with  the 
garden  soil  in  a  favourable  spot.  Treat  a  small 
plot  of  ground  well  rather  than  a  large  one 
indiflerently.  and  so  secure  a  deep-rooting  medium. 
I  daresay  many  rea-.tcrs  haw  seen  fine  Lettu'^e 
plants  growing  on  the  ridges  bet\vcen  the  Celery 
trench"S.  Such  plants  are  the  resul'  of  an  extra 
depth  of  soil  and  its  increased  warmth  mainly. 
L^suallv  too  manv  seeds  are  sown  in  a  bed,     .A  tew 


a  number  at  once  and  so  lin  them,  then  the  soil 
that  breaks  away  will  not  damage  the  roots. 

At  the  final  planting  the  cultivator  m^ist  allow 
sufficient  room  tor  every  plant  to  grow  rapidly 
to  its  full  size  without  overcrowding.  Of  coiurse, 
there  are  small,  medium  and  large  Cabbage 
varieties  as  well  as  of  Cos,  and  the  distance  apart 
must  be  go\erned  according  to  the  ones  grown. 
.Moisture  and  heat  are  highly  essentinl.  Water 
111  st  be  applied  freely  and  also  liquid  manure  when 
th'.y  begin  to  form  close  hearts.  Solent. 


How   to    Grow   Celery 

When  Conditions  are  not  Ideal 

EXPERIENCED  cultivators  know  how 
valuable  these  plants  are  from  early 
autumn  to  springtime  and  make  pre- 
parations for  the  planting-out,  in  due 
course,  of  a  good  batch  of  plants.  But 
there  are  many  owners  of  gardens  who  never 
attempt  the  cultivation  of  Celery  because  they 
fear  their  soil  is  unsuitable — too  poor  and  dry 
or  too  wet. 

Now,  as  regards  tlie  latter  \ery  fine  Celery 
plants  may  be  grown  in  it  if  there  is  not  any 
really  stagnant  water  which  has,  or  will,  become 
offensive  in  the  summer-time  I  know,  and  I 
daresay  many  readers  know,  too,  of  numerous 
plots  of  land  in  Lancashire  and  in  some  of  the 
eastern  counties  where  the  soil  is  naturally  very 
moist.  1  ha\c  seen  men  of  average  height,  when 
standing  upright,  nearly  hidden  from  view 
between  the  rows  of  plants  at  the  final  earthing-up. 
The  average  cultivator  will,  however,  be  quite 
satisfied  with  nuich  smaller  plants.     In  such  deep, 


102 


THE    GARDEN. 


[February  26,  1921. 


moist  soil,  trendies  of  ordinary  depth  may  Ije 
made  to  contain  one,  two,  tlirec  or  four  rows  of 
plants  according  to  circumstances. 

In  regard  to  tlie  sliallow  and  naturally  dry 
soils,  the  best  course  to  take  is  to  well  enrich  it 
with  rotted  manure,  treating  a  selected  plot  of 
ground  in  this  way  one  month  prior  to  the  dale 
of  planting,  and  to  dig  in  the  manure  all  over 
that  plot  evenly  with  a  view  to  non-earthing 
in  the  understood  form,  but  to  ensure  the  blanching 
of  the  plants  by  wrapping  them  in  paper  bands 
in  which  a  mixture  of  sand  and  sifted  ashes  has 
been  poured  while  in  a  dry  state.  These  ingredients 
prevent  slugs  eating  the  outer  stalks.  Of  course, 
the  Celery  is  planted  on' the  level  ground  in  rows 


2  feet  6  inches  apait,  and  not  in  trenches. 
Surface  mulches  and  applications  of  manure 
water  during  the  months  of  August,  September 
and  October  will  have  a  \'ery  beneficial  effect 
on  the  plants. 
When  and  Hew  to  Sew  the  Seec's.^A  pinch 

of  seed  of  a  good  white  variety  should  be  sown 
early  in  March  for  the  first  crop.  'I he  compost 
must  be  of  moderate  richness,  rather  fine,  and 
placed  in  a  pot,  pan  or  box  not  less  than  i  inches 
deep  Sow  the  seeds  very  thinly,  and  transplant 
the  resultant  seedlings  twice,  prior  to  the  final 
planting.  For  the  main  crop  sow  seeds  in  April 
in  a  cold  frame,  using  similar  soil,  and  transplant 
twice   also.  (;.  (,. 


MELONS      AND      CUCUMBERS 

Frotn   Seed   Sowing   to  Full  Bearing 


THft  cultivation  of  these  two  subjects 
IS  in  many  ways  identical.  Both  arc 
quite  easily  grown  if  their  cjltural 
requirements  can  be  regularly  attended 
to.  They  may  be  grown  in  a  warm 
greenhouse,  a  heated  pit  or  a  cold  frame.  Artificial 
heat  is  necessary  during  the  early  pan  of  the  season, 
but  from  the  middle  of  June  onwards  this  mav 
be  dispensed  with  provided  the  best  use  is  made  of 


them  prone  to  canker.  I  have  known  more  than 
half  the  plants  go  oft  through  this  cause.  The  bed 
should  be  elevated  quite  near  to  the  roof  glass, 
and  except  when  growing  them  in  a  cold  frame 
a  trellis  will  be  required  to  train  them  on.  Sow 
the  seeds  singly  in  3-inch  pots  three  or  four  weeks 
in  advance.  They  will  germinate  quickly  if 
plunged  in  a  hot-bed  and  covered  with  a  sheet 
of  glass.      Plant  out,    when   ready,  about  18  inches 


THE     FRUITS     SUPPORTED     BY    NETS. 


Sun  heat.  Those  who  are  fortunate  eno>igh  to 
possess  a  heated  structure  may  make  a  start 
early  in  the  spring.  For  Cucumbers  a  hot-bed 
is  helpful,  as  it  promotes  a  quick  root  action  and 
helps  considerably  to  warm  the  atmosphere.  A 
hot-bed  may  be  made  of  stable  litter  and  leaves 
in  equal  proportion,  or  either  of  these  materials 
separate.  Collect  enough  material  and  throw  it 
into  a. heap  till  heat  begins  to  generate.  The  hot- 
bed can  then  be  made.  A  hot-bed  is  not  so  neces- 
sary for  Melons,  but  it  is  a  great  help,  especially 
during  the  early  part  of  the  year.  For  Melons  the 
rooting  medium  should  consist  chiefly  of  loam  cut 
from  an  old  pasture  mixed  with  a  little  lime  rubble, 
wood-ashes  or  soot.  Form  these  materials  into 
a  bed  about  i  foot  deep  and  18  inches  wide.  The 
soil  must  be  made  quite  firm  or  the  plants  will 
develop    grossness,     a    condition    which    renders 


apart  and  place  a  stake  to  each  plant  to  support 
it  until  it  has  reached  the  trellis.  When 
they  have  covered  about  3  feet  of  the  trellis  the 
points  of  the  leading  growths  may  be  pinched 
out.  This  will  further  the  development  of  side 
shoots.  Stop  these  shoots  one  or  two  leaves 
beyond  the  fruit  and  tie  them  securely  to  the 
trellis.  To  secure  an  even  crop  of  fruit  the  female 
flowers  must  be  pollinated.  This  is  done  by 
removing  the  male  flowers  and,  after  pulling  off 
the  petals,  transferring  the  pollen  to  the  stigma  of 
the  female  flowers.  Three  or  four  flowers  should  be 
open  on  each  plant  before  commencing  this  opera- 
tion. During  this  period  more  air  must  be 
admitted  to  the  plants  and  the  atmosphere  must 
be  kept  dry.  This  advice  also  applies  when  the 
fruits  commence  to  ripen.  When  a  good  set  of 
fruits     has    been    secured   all   superfluous    growth 


^must  be  kept  regularly  removed.     Open  the  top 
ventilators   before   noon,    more   or  less   according 
to  the  conditions  prevailing  outdoors,  but  take  full 
advantage  of  the  sun  by  closing  the  house  early 
in   the   afternoon  after  spraying   the   plants   with 
luke-warm  rain  water.      During  cold,   dull  spells 
of    weather    the   plants   should   not    be   syringed, 
neither  must  the  atmosphere  be  kept  too  moist. 
When  the  fruits  are  large  enough  they  must  be 
supported  by  nets  or  something  similar.     Melons 
in  frames  may  be  allowed  to  grow  over  the  beds  ; 
in  this  case  the  fruits  must  be  raised  on  flat  tiles 
and  be  fully  exposed  to  the  sun.     WTiile  the  fruits 
are  swelling  the  roots  must  never  be  allowed  to 
become   dry,   and  stimulants  should  be   given  at 
every     alternate     watering.     During     the     latter 
stage  diluted  cow-manure  is  an  excellent  stimulant 
for  the  Melon,  but  this  must  be  discontinued  as 
soon  as  the  fruits  commence  to  ripen.     Cucumbers 
may  be  planted  on  mounds  of  soil  placed  on  a 
hot-bed  about  4  feet  apart.     If  the  plants  are  to 
be    grown   in   a   greenhouse    during    the    summer 
months  a  hot-bed  is  not  necessary  ;     the  mounds 
of  soil  may  be  placed  on  the  stage.     They  should 
however,   be  placed  as  near  to  the  roof  glass  as 
practicable.     During   the   early  stages   of   growth 
the  plants  will  grow  freely  in  a  compost  of  loam 
and    leaf-soil,    but    when    in    full    bearing    well- 
decomposed     horse-droppings     should     be     mixed 
with  the  loam.     This  should  be  applied  to  the  roots 
at  regular  intervals.     Cucumbers  require  a  warm, 
moist  atmosphere  at  all  times,  and  when  in  active 
growth  constant  attention  is  necessary  to  stopping 
and  regulating  the  growth.     When  in  full  bearing 
abundance  of  water  must  be  afforded,  and  this  must 
be     frequently     supplemented     with     stimulants. 
The  fruits  must  be  cut  as  soon  as  they  are  large 
enough  and  placed  in  a  cool  position. 

Lochiiige.  E.  H. 


Some  "Best  Methods"   of 
Planting    Potatoes 

ALTHOUGH     good    crops    of    tubers  may 
be  grown  without  much  labour  on  some 
land,    there   are   soils    that   need   every 
1    care  and  attention  in  the  way  of  prepara- 
*   tion  to  be  successful  in  procuring  even 
a  reasonable  crop.     Our  soil  at  M  rotham  is  some- 
what light  and  porous,  which  greatly  lessens  the 
labour   compared   with    that   of   a   heavy,   clayey 
texture  and  the  yield  is  usually  very  satisfactory. 
For  improving  heavy  land,   half  decayed  leaves, 
burnt    garden   rubbish,    decayed   manure    and  old 
potting   soil    thoroughly   incorporated    will   prove 
very   helpful    and    the    crop    will   greatly   benefit 
by  the  application.     It  has  been  repeatedly  asked 
which  is   the  best  way  to     plant   Potatoes  ?     Of 
course  the  answer  to  this  depends  entirely  on  the 
nature  and  condition  of  the  soil.     For  our  main 
crop  I   use  the  dibber  very  successfully,  but  this 
method   on    a   heavy   soil   might    prove   just    the 
reverse.     Commencing  with  our   earlies,   the  first 
crop  is  obtained  by  planting  sprouted  tubers  with 
the  trowel  close  to  the  foot  of  the  walls  of  the 
vineries,  outside,  and  to  follow  these  a  snug  sheltered 
plot  is  thoroughly  prepared  and  early  Peas,   that 
grow  about  2  feet  high,  are  either  sown  or  planted 
from   pots,    in   rows   6    feet   apart.     Between   the 
Peas  we  plant  two  rows  of  kidney  Potatoei,  suitably 
sprouted   (in   boxes)    in   drills   drawn   out  with   a 
Canterbury  hoe,  5  inches  deep.     The  Potatoes  arc 
carefully  planted  and  first  covered  with  a  portion 
of  leaf  mould  and   then  levelled  off   tidy.     It   is 
needless   to   remark   that   the.  Pea   sticks   greatly 
shelter  the  Potatoes  and  the  crops  are  usually  very 
satisfactory  and  early.      .As  for  the  main  crop,  the 


February  26,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


103 


dibber  is  employed,  the  ground  having  been  pre- 
pared in  readiness.  A  line  is  strung  and  holes 
made  12  inches  apart  and  6  inches  deep:  a  boy 
follows  the  man  and  drops  in  the  tubers,  eyes 
upwards ;  he  is  followed  in  turn  by  a  man  with  a 
fork  who  loosens  the  soil  trodden  down  in 
planting,  and  also  fills  up  the  holes  above  the 
tubers  as  the  work  proceeds,  which  completes 
the  process.  I  have  practised  this  method  for 
many  years  with  every  success.  Drills  drawn 
6  inches  deep  with  the  aid  of  a  Canterbury  hoe 
on  well  prepared  land  is  also  a  capital  plan  so  long 
.IS  the  soil  between  the  rows  is  gently  heaved  with 
3  fork. 

When  dealing  with  a  somewhat  heavy,  stubborn 
soil,  I  very  much  prefer  planting  in  trenches  pre- 
pared with  the  spade,  as  this  method  greatly  lessens 
the  danger  of  consolidating  the  land  rs  a  result 
of  trampling  upon  it.  The  trenches  should  be  made 
as  the  digging  or  forking  over  proceeds.  A  gentle 
heave  between  the  rows  and  especially  on  very  tena- 
cious land,  with  a  fork,  after  Potatoes  are  well  above 
the  soil  will  greatly  lighten  the  root  run  and  prove 
highly  beneficial  to  the  future  crop.  It  is  only  too 
well  known  that  after  a  very  heavy  fall  of  rain, 
coupled  with  dry  wind  and  sunshine,  how  hard  and 
baked  some  soils  become  and  how  detrimental 
this  is  to  both  the  growth  of  the  crop  and  shape  of  the 
tubers.  Another  point  which  should  never  be 
overlooked  is  the  quality  of  the  seed.  On  our 
soil  at  Wrotham,  I  cannot  depend  on  a  crop  from 
seed  that  has  been  grown  more  than  two  years, 
no  matter  how  evenly  shaped  and  good  the  tubers 
may  appear.  I  sometimes  think  when  failure 
occtirs  it  is  due  not  altogether  to  the  soil  and 
treatment,  but  to  the  seed.  H.   M.4Rkha.m 


Two     New    Potatoes    of 
Great    Promise 

A    MON'G   the     novelties     in     Potatoes     sent 

i\       out  by  Messrs.  Dobbie  and  Co.,  and  tried 

/    %     last  year,  two  varieties  stand  out  from 

/       %    all    the    rest,    viz.,    Dargill    Early    and 

^  *  Roderick  Dhu.    The 'ormcr  is  an  example 

of  what  a  white  kidnev  Potato  should  be  ;    it  is  a 


Hop  Manure  to  each  tuter  at  the  time  of  planting. 
The  resultant  crop,  viz.,  481b.,  may,  in  view  of  the 
poor  soil  in  which  they  were  grown,  be  described 
as  very  heavy.  On  the  whole  the  tubers  were  of 
large  size  and  quite  free  from  chats.  The  tubers 
were  lifted  on  June  20,  three  months  from  the 
time  of  planting. 

The  variety  Roderick  Dhu  is  unqaestionably  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  varieties  of  recent  intro- 
duction, and  the  trial  parcel  of  ilb.  of  seed  gave 
a  yield  of  421b.  of  large,  excellent  tubers,  likewise 
on  poor  soil,  with  the  same  manurial  treatment  as 
above   mentioned.      Roderick  Dhu  created  a  great 


sensation  at  the  Ormskirk  Trials  in  iqi8  and  the 
limited  trials  which  have  so  far  been  distributed 
indicate  that  th's  variety  has  given  great  satis- 
faction both  north  and  south.  In  the  autumn  of 
last  year  Roderick  Dhu  was  awarded  the  Lord 
Derby  gold  medal  at  Ormskirk  as  the  best  immune 
variety  of  the  year.  It  is  a  strong  growing  variety, 
flatish  round  in  shape  and  a  very  heavy  cropper. 
A  leading  Scottish  nurseryman  has  obtained  a 
crop  of  6ilb.  of  tubers  from  one  seed  tuber  weighing 
6  ozs.  It  is  a  very  distinct  and  handsome  variety, 
and  one  of  which  we  shall  hear  a  great  deal  in 
the  future.  C. 


BORDER    CARNATIONS 

Potting    Compost  Secrets  Revealed  by   Three  Leading  Experts 


IX  one  of  my  recent  articles,  reviewing  the 
Border  Carnation  season,  I  unwittingly 
tripped  into  an  error  which  demands  rectifi- 
cation. It  refers  to  the  origin  of  that  fine 
buff  ground  fancy  Clement,  which  I  described 
as  emanating  from  the  late  Mr.  Blick's  collection 
and  appearing  first  for  sale  in  1918.  Mr.  Arthur 
R.  Brown  of  King's  Norton,  Birmingham,  sends 
me  his  novelty  list  of  1910,  which  includes  Clement 
as  one  of  the  new  varieties  of  that  year,  and  takes 
me  to  task  in  a  gallant  and  courteous  manner 
when  he  might  easily  have  poured  over  me  the 
vials  of  his  sarcasm  for  my  want  of  knowledge. 
He  explains  that  Clement  was  raised  in  190S 
by  the  late  Rev.  C.  A.  Gottwaltz,  who  considered 
it  one  of  his  best  seedlings  and  gave  to  it  his  own 
Christian  name.  I  am  pleased  that  Mr.  Brown 
came  to  the  rescue  with  this  interesting  bit  of 
Carnation  history,  and  I  have  pleasure  in  offering 
him  my  apology  and  thanks.  In  relating  the 
incident  to  my  good  friend  Mr.  G.  D.  Murray  he 
immediately  (and  this  is  just  like  him)  wanted 
to  share  the  blame  for  my  mistake,  as  he  had  told 
me  he  had  first  seen  the  variety  in  question  at 
Hayes  and  thought  it  really  did  originate  there. 


potting  on  completed  during  the  next  four  or 
five  weeks.  I  am  leaning  more  and  more  to  the 
view  that  the  materials  used  and  recommended 
by  many  advocates  of  high  feeding  have  bee.i 
too  rich.  Some  growers  put  as  much  as  one-third 
manure  into  the  compost,  and,  while  large  flowers 
may  be  harvested  from  such  soils.  I  fear  the 
plants  themselves  do  not  fare  healthily.  They 
are  inclined  to  dine  not  wisely  but  too  well,  and 
physical  debility  follows  as  with  us  humans.  The 
growth  becomes  large  and  sappy  and  falls  a  prey 
to  rust  and  spot,  while  aphis  finds  congenial 
quarters  on  every  bit  of  juicy  "  grass."  The 
following  three  mixtures  are  culled  from  the 
"  Carnation  Manual  "  and  can  be  safely  recom- 
mended : 

(i)  Four  parts  good  fibrous  loam,  one  part 
leaf-mould,  one  part  sea  sand,  one  part  manure, 
half  a  part  mortar  rubble  ;    add  a  little  old  soot. 

(2)  Three  parts  brown  fibrous  loam  ;  one  part, 
in  equal  proportions,  leaf-mould,  road  grit  and 
cow  manure  ;  crushed  oyster  shell  for  keeping 
compost  open. 

(3)  Three  parts  loam,  one  part  made  up  equally 
with  manure  and  leaf-mould  ;   a  little  coarse  silver 


RODERICK     DHU. 
The  best  immune  Polato  of   1920. 


DARGILL     EARLY. 

All  that  a  kidney  variety  should  be. 


beautiful  kidney-shaped   variety  and  cooks   well.       Now   I   have  got  this  off  my  conscience  I   want 


It  is  not,  however,  quite  as  early  as  the  better 
known  variety,  Witch-Hill,  but  it  should  be  found 
a  most  useful  addition  to  the  early  varieties  both 
north  and  south.  Two  pounds  of  seed  were  planted 
on  March  20  on  very  light,  poor  ground,  and  with 


to  proceed  with   a  talk   about  current  Carnation 
work. 

The  time  has  arrived  for  repotting  into  final 
quarters  in  which  the  plants  are  to  bloom.  If 
not  already  done,  the  compost  to  be  used  should 


no  manure  other  than  two  handfuls  of  Wakcley's       be    prepared    without    delay,    and    the    work    of 


sand,  and  a  little  lime  rubble  or  bone  meal,  and 
some  broken  charcoal. 

In  compost  No.  2  crushed  oyster  shell  is  specially 
recommended  as  having  a  beneficial  effect  in  the 
colouring  of  the  flowers.  In  No.  3  the  reader  will 
note  that  the  opening  materials  are  to  be  used  at 
the  discretion  of  the  individual  grower,  no  definite 


104 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  26,  1921. 


quantities  being  given.  Tliese  soil  mixtures  were 
recommended  twenty-five  years  or  more  ago  by 
prominent  growers  of  the  day,  and,  recognising 
tlie  value  of  comparison  witli  composts  used  at 
the  present  time,  I  asked  three  of  our  leading 
experts  to  oblige  me  with  details  of  their  potting 
soils  for  the  benefit  of  readers  of  Teie  Garden. 
I  know  that  each  of  these  gentlemen  is  anxious 
to  see  the  cult  of  the  Border  Carnation  taken  up 
more  widely  by  the  general  public,  and  they  all 
most  willingly  gave  me  the  following  particulars 
of  the  ingredients  they  find,  by  experience,  most 
suitable  to  their  plants.  I  cannot  do  better  than 
repeat  in  their  own  words  the  whole  process  of 
soil  making. 

No.  I. — "  My  final  potting  compost  is  usually 
made  up  as  follows  :  Twelve  barrow-loads  Joam, 
one  barrow-load  leaf-mould,  one  barrow-load 
thoroughly  decayed  and  spent  stable  manure, 
twelve  7-inch  pots  coarse  sharp  sand,  two  7-inch 
pots  broken  mortar  rubble,  three  7-inch  pots 
old  soot,  two  7-inch  pots  broken  charcoal.  I 
may  vary  the  above  according  to  the  texture 
of  the  loam,  which,  if  too  fibrous,  is  better  without 
the  leaf-mould.  If  heavy  I  should  add  more 
mortar  rubble  and  probably  some  crushed  oyster 
shea" 

No.  2. — "  My  newest  practice  is  as  follows  : 
To  8  bushels  loam  (which  I  pick  thoroughly  by 
hand,  not  too  fine,  say,  in  lumps  about  the  size 
of  an  ordinary  fowl's  egg)  I  add  i  bushel  leaf- 
mould  put  through  a  half-inch  sieve,  2  gallons 
sifted  burnt  ballast,  ij  gallons  coarse  silver  sand, 
i-i  gallons  old  soot,  i  gallon  bone  meal.  To  this, 
if  I  had  it  at  hand,  I  should  add  ij  gallons  of 
old  mortar  rubble.  Last  year  at  final  potting 
time  I  varied  the  above  ingredients  by  giving 
I  bushel  of  well  rotted  manure.  In  that  case  I 
reduced  the  bone  meal  to  two  or  three  5-inch 
potfuls.  However,  I  do  not  consider  animal 
manure  is  necessary  when  one  is  using  the  best 
Surrey  loam,  though  I  cannot  quite  give  it  up 
in  cases  of  varieties  of  proved  hardiness." 

No.  3. — "  I  started  making  up  my  present 
soil  heap  eighteen  months  ago.  There  were 
nine  loads  of  top  spit  and  three  loads  of  hot  stable 
manure,  placed  in  layers.  (Of  course,  three  loads 
of   hot   long   manure   would   not   represent   three 


loads  of  short,  well  rotted  stuft" — far  from  it.) 
By  using  the  manure  hot  in  the  way  mentioned 
it  sets  the  whole  heap  fermenting,  killing  much 
vermin,  and  in  about  eighteen  months  time  the 
heap  cuts  out  splendidly — a  pleasure  to  handle. 
Twelve  months  is  the  very  earliest  date  that  I 
commence  using  a  new  heap,  having  the  very 
strongest  objection  to  placing  manure  of  a  half- 
rotten  quality  anywhere  near  a  Carnation.  It 
may  be  contended  that  the  manure  is  spent  in 
eighteen  months — had  it  been  in  a  heap  by  itself 
with  rains  beating  on  it  I  should  be  much  of  this 
opinion  ;  but  rain,  instead  of  washing  the  good- 
ness away,  simply  soaks  it  into  the  loam,  which 
receives  it  like  a  sponge.  On  taking  this  loam 
and  manure  into  the  potting-shed  in  October 
I  add  to  everj'  fifteen  barrow-loads  five  barrow- 
loads  of  leaf-mould,  to  which  has  been  added  a 
liberal  supply  of  slaked  lime  to  counteract  possible 
acidity,  sufficient  crushed  oyster  shell  to  keep 
the  compost  open,  and  a  liberal  dressing  of  wood 
ashes  from  the  garden  bonfire.  My  mixtures 
are  rarely  exactly  the  same ;  sometimes,  in 
place  of  sand  or  oyster  shell,  I  use  burnt  clay 
(turned  red  by  fire)  passed  through  a  half-inch 
sieve." 

Amateurs  would  do  well  to  make  a  permanent 
note  of  these  details ;  they  contain  the  secret 
of  success  of  three  clever  and  able  amateur 
growers,  and  there  is  plenty  of  disparity 
between  the  different  composts  to  show  that 
tlie  Border  Carnation  is  not  fantastic  in  its  soil 
requirements.  J.  L.  Gibson. 


attractive.  It  is  a  plant  for  a  \'pry  choice  place  in 
the  wild  garden.  It  comes  from  the  mountains 
of  Greece  and  the  Greek  Islands  ;  in  colour  it  is  a 
soft  lilac  with  a  yellow  base  and  conspicuous  orange 
stamens. 


Two    Brilliant   Crocuses 

Crocus  versicolor,  a  plant  of  the  Maritime  .Mps 
and  one  of  the  species  of  earliest  introduction,  has 
given  us  some  of  the  finest  of  the  purple  and  white 
varieties  in  cultivation,  many  of  them  beautifully 
striped  and  feathered  with  deep  purple  markings. 
.Am-)ng  some  others  of  the  early  Crocuses, 
C.  Sieberi  is  a  flower  of  singular  beauty  and  charm. 
It  is  not  large  like  the  Dutch  kinds,  on  which  wc 
depend  for  brilliant  eft'ect,  but  tas  qualities  of 
distinction    and    refinement    that    are    extremely 


ARISING  OUT  OF  THE 
'SWEET  PEA  ANNUAL' 

Robin    Goodfellow   Sweet  Pea 

In  the  "  Sweet  Pea  Annua!  "  for  1921  Mr.  T.  H. 
Dipnall  reports  that  a  novel  type  of  Sweet  Pea 
appeared  in  his  garden  last  year  among  some 
plants  of  Alexander  Malcolm.  It  was  of  much 
the  same  height  as  the  others,  but  had  thirmer 
stems,  smaller  foliage  and  flowers,  and  longer 
pedicels  to  the  individual  blooms,  which  were 
somewhat  far  apart  on  the  sprays. 

A  very  long  time  ago  I  used  to  buy  something 
of  the  same  kind,  as  I  found  the  smaller  foliage, 
of  which  there  was  any  amount,  so  useful  to  put 
with  Sweet  Pea  flowers  in  vas^s.  The  plants 
grew  from  2  feet  to  3  feet  high.  Does  any  reader 
remember  the  strain  ?  and,  if  so,  could  he  tell 
us  if  it  is  still  in  existence? 

It  would  appear  that  Mr.  Dipnall's  Robin  Good- 
fellow  is  a  break  or  a  sport  of  a  somewhat  similar 
nature.  I  hope  he  will  find  he  is  able  to  show 
us  a  vase  of  it  at  our  annual  show  this  year. 

A  mixed  quotation  read  with  a  modicum  of 
common  sense  puts  the  case  of  the  Sweet  Pea. 
the  Dahlia  and  several  of  our  more  popular 
favourites  in  a  nutshell: 

"  Break,  break,  break  ; 

Then  men  may  come  and  men  mav  go. 
But  I  go  on  for  ever." 

A    Sweet   Pea   Reference 

In  the  "Sweet  Pea  Annual"  for  1920  Mr.  C. 
Harman  Payne  wrote  that  young  lady  readers 
might   spend   a   few   dull  evenings  in   the   winter 


CROCUS    VERSICOLOR — PURPLE    AND    WHITE. 


CROCUS    SIEBERI — SOFT    LILAC    WITH    YEI  LOW    BASE    AND    ORANGE     STAMENS. 


February  26,  192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


105 


hunting  through  the  pages  of  their  favourite 
poets  to  discover  references  to  the  Sweet  Pea. 

In  that  for  1921,  which  has  lately  come  into 
my  hands,  I  discover  that  that  great  Sweet  Pea 
lover,  Miss  Philbrick,  who  was  President  of  the 
Society  in  1905,  has  taken  up  the  challenge  and 
contributed  a  few  poems  and  references. 

May  I  add  another,  which  to  me  is  quite 
new  as  it  comes  from  the  writings  of  a  poet 
who  may  have  been  the  vogue  ia  the  early 
years  of  the  nineteenth  century,  but  certainly 
is  not  in  this  ?  I  refer  to  James  Hurdis,  who 
was  a  D.D.  and  who  died  in  1801.  He  wrote 
several  poems  dealing  with  rural  life,  but  I  have 
not  been  able  to  find  out  the  reference  for  the 
lines   which   I   now  quote. 

"  .    .    .    .   And  much  I   love 
To  see  the  fair  one  bind  the  straggling  pink. 
Cheer  the  sweet  Rose,  the  lupin,  and  the  stock. 
And  lend  a  staff  to  the  still  gadding  pea." 

And  Sweet  Peas  can  gad  about  to  some  tune. 
Mr.  Alexander  Malcolm  tells  us  in  this  same 
Annual  what  a  time  he  had  with 
one  which  took  up  over  6  feet  of 
a  row  and  produced  no  less  than 
1.635  flower  stems!  What  would  Dr. 
Hurdis  have  said  to  that  ?  J.  I. 


Wire-Netting    for 
Sweet     Pea    Clumps 

Last  year  I  decided  to  use  wire-netting 

for  the  Sweet  Pea  clumps  in  my  garden, 

as  the  clumps  were  all  round  the  borders 

of  a  grass  lawn.      The  initial  expense, 

compared  with  sticks,  was  rather  large, 

but  as  the  wire  can  be  used  again   and 

again,  the  first  cost  is  of  little  moment. 

1    purchased  25  feet  of  wire- netting,  or 

half  a  roll,  of  2-inch  mesh.     Four  feet 

of  this  was  used  for  each    clump   and 

is   ample  for   twelve  Sweet  Pea  plants. 

I    also    bought     fifty     stout     Bamboo 

sticks,    each    7    feet    long.      Three    of 

these  were    used    for    a    clump,     and 

were    driven   into   the   ground  with    a 

mallet ;    the  result  being    a    very   firm 

fixture.    The  Pea  plants  appear  to  cling 

very  readily   to   the  wire,    and  have   a 

much  more  tidy  appearance   than   with 

sticks.     From  the  interest  shown  in  my 

clumps  I  should  think  that  this  method 

of    using    wire-netting   must   be   unknown.      The 

year  before  I    spent   several   shillings    in    sticks 

for  the  same  number  of  clumps  and  have  nothing 

to   show   for    the    money,    whereas    the   netting 

will   last    some    years.       The   wire    is  joined   by 

twisting  the  cut  ends  together  with  the  fingers, 

and    the   sticks    are   interlaced   with   the    meshes 

of  the  netting.  Cl.iresce  Pontixg. 


THE   BEST  ANNUAL  for   GARDEN    and   HOUSE 

Sweet  Peas  give  Glorious  Effects  while  Growing,  and  are  Equally 
Valuable  as  Cut  Flowers 


Achimenes  as  Basket  Plants. — These  are 
excellent  subjects  for  hanging  baskets,  and  where 
this  method  of  plant  growing  is  practised  they 
should  certainly  be  included.  Before  placing 
the  soil  and  corms  in  position,  the  baskets  should 
be  lined  with  moss,  and  the  corms  should  be  so 
distributed  that  when  the  plants  are  in  flower 
the  baskets  will  be  hidden.  Good  drainage  is 
essential,  and  a  fairly  light  compost  is  best,  to 
which  may  be  added  a  small  portion  of  dried 
cow  manure.  Their  well  known  reputation  as 
pot  plants  also  is  fully  merited. 


THERE  was  one  warm  week  in  early 
August,  when  the  daj's  were  dull  and 
rather  oppressive,  and  almost  every 
variety  of  Sweet  Pea  was  at  its  best. 
They  had  reached  the  climax  of  their 
beauty.  To  see  them  filling  the  rows  with 
gorgeous  colours,  scores  of  sprays  to  every  yard, 
was  worth  all  the  little  extra  care  in  cultivation 
that  this  most  beautiful  Queen  of  Annuals  asks. 
It  made  one  forget  the  disappointments  of  the 
previous  months,  when  buds  dropped  by  the 
hundred  in  days  of  incessant  rain. 

I  cannot  do  better  than  give  you  a  mental 
picture  of  my  Sweet  Pea  rows  as  they  appeared 
on  one  of  these  August  evenings :  It  is  an  hour 
or  so  before  sundown.  That  is  the  best  time 
for  seeing  the  full  beauty  of  the  blooms.  In  the 
softened  light  many  pinks  th.it  look  quite  common- 


helps  to  retain  its  popularity  year  after  year 
A  dainty  veined  blue,  Helen  Pierce  Spencer  is 
on  the  other  side,  and  although  it  gives  few  big 
blooms,  they  are  very  pretty  for  decorative  work. 
Jean  Ireland,  a  charming  picotee-edged  variety, 
with  a  cream  ground  and  rose  pink  margins,  is 
next ;  and  then  comes  Royal  Purple,  a  good 
grower  and  very  distinct.  There  are  some 
fine  novelties  in  this,  the  third  row.  Magic, 
a  purple  and  amethyst  bicolor,  is  only  good 
in  fine  weather,  and  the  rain  soon  spots  it. 
.\nnie  Ireland  is  another  dainty  picotee-edged 
\ariety,  differing  from  Jean  in  having  a 
white  ground.  Gold  Medal  is  a  cream  and  peach 
bicolor  with  very  long  stems,  and  then  comes 
Victory,  with  even  longer  stems  and  huge  lavender 
flowers  of  a  particularly  silvery  appearance. 
Dobbie's    Maroon    supplies    a    contrast,    and    its 


SUPPORTS  THAT  WILL  LAST  FOR  YEARS. 


plare  in  the  sunshine  take  on  a  richer  hue  ; 
purples  and  blues,  mauves  and  lavendere  are  all 
more  delicate  in  shade,  less  harsh  than  in  the 
brighter  light. 

At  the  end  of  this  first  row  is  a  big  batch  of 
-Maud  Holmes,  still  a  fine  crimson  for  the  garden, 
with  many  a  double  standard  and  many  a  four- 
bloomed  spray.  Near  it  is  a  soft  cream  pink — 
Helen  Stapylton — perhaps  outclassed  by  some 
of  the  newer  introductions,  but  charming  never- 
theless. Next  comes  Rosabelle,  at  its  best  when 
seen  in  the  rows  or  freshly  cut,  for  the  rosy 
carmine  loses  its  brightness  in  water.  Flanking 
it  is  a  big  lot  of  I.ady  Evelyn  Eyre,  so  closely 
akin  to  Mrs.  Hardcastle  Sykes,  once  the  gem  of 
all  decorative  Sweet  Peas. 

In  another  row  is  a  fine  stock  of  Hawhnark 
Pink,  rich  in  colour  and  showing  its  deepest 
flushes  on  the  wide  folding  wings.  Then  at  its 
side  is  Mrs.  Tom  Jones,  the  brightest  bit  of  blue 
yet  produced  in  Spencer  form.  Now  comes 
Constance  Hinton,  the  biggest  and  boldest  white, 
with  a  density  of   petal  and   a  broad  stand  that 


rich  mahogany  flowers  have  no  trace  of  objection- 
able purple.  Daisybud,  a  pretty  pale  pink,  gives 
superb  blooms,  nearly  alwaj-s  in  fours  and  very 
frilled.  Brocade,  a  mauve  pink,  has  a  silky  sheen 
when  at  its  best,  and  it  loves  the  simless  days. 
Tea  Rose  might  almost  be  taken  for  a  cream 
if  it  were  not  for  the  pearly  tint  that 
gradually  creeps  into  the  flower  as  it  opens. 
Pink  Pearl  needs  no  description — the  name  is 
sufficient. 

And  here  are  some  delicate  shades  that  only 
the  dull  days,  or  shading  from  the  hot  sunshine, 
can  show  to  their  fullest  advantage.  Golden 
Glory  and  Tangerine,  of  richest  orange  ;  Barbara, 
with  salmon-coloured  flowers ;  Joan  of  Arc,  a 
soft  salmon  pink  ;  and  Mrs.  G.  W.  Bishop,  the 
most  exquisite  of  cerise  shades  with  a  salmon 
suffusion — all  these  are  lovely  when  well  grown. 
The  orange  pinks  and  orange  scarlets,  Edrom 
Beauty  and  Hilda,  Edward  Cowdy  and  The 
President,  are  dazzling  shades  when  the  sun 
does  not  bleach  them  or  the  rain  rob  them  of 
their  brilliance. 


106 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  26,  192 1. 


In  this  row  of  tall-growing  kinds  is  Cecily. 
the  finest  of  all  the  pale  cream  pinks,  almost 
every  spray  a  four.  There  is  Doris,  too,  of  cherry 
pink,  equally  vigorous  and  in  its  colour  equally 
beautiful.  No  less  attractive  is  that  finest  of 
all  the  blush  pinks — Valentine — so  rich  and  yet 
so  delicate  in  tone.  It  grows  beside  a  batch  of 
the  most  brilliant  of  all  the  scarlet  shades — 
Mrs.  C.  P.  Tomlin — and  in  this  variety  one  rarely, 
if  ever,  comes  across  a  scorched  bloom.  Com- 
pleting the  row  of  giants  is  Climax,  towering  above 
the  top  of  the  netting  with  stems  that  are  the 
stoutest  of  all  and  fours  in  plenty. 

In  other  rows  you  can  pick  out  the  brilliant 
Alexander  Malcolm,  a  fine  scarlet  cerise  ;  Ivorine. 
of  delicate  ivory  with  a  faint  flush  of  pink,  just 
a  suspicion  of  colour  that  removes  it  from  the 
creams ;  Dora,  a  bright  rose  and 
blush  bicolor  ;     the   vigorous   R.  F. 

Felton,  a  lavender  livened  by  a 
tinge  of  rose ;  Royalty,  a  little 
richer  and  softer  in  tone  than  Royal 

Purple,    but    hardly    as    vigorous ; 

Felton's  Cream  and  Debbie's  Cream  ; 

the    dark    maroon.    Warrior ;     Mrs, 

Wakefield  and  Salena,  both  with 
rather    more    rosy  pink  than  Jean 

Ireland  ;   King  George  and  Lavender 

George  Herbert,  two  dainty  lavenders 

with  a  distinct  edge  of  rose  ;   Jack 

Cornwell,    V.C,     and     Commander 

Godsal,  two  of  the  best  of  the  navy 

blues ;    and    a    host    of   pinks   and 

cream  pinks,  Mrs.  Arnold  Hitchcock, 

Attraction,  Edith  Cavell,    Hercules. 

Hebe,   Unvvin's   Pink  and  Margaret 

Atlee.     If   I   were   asked   to  pick   a 

favourite  I  should  hesitate  between 

this    last    named    cream    pink    and 

Cecily,   with  Valentine,     Attraction 

and   Mrs.   Bishop   close   rivals.     All 

are  lovely  in  the  garden,  but  under 

lamplight  they  are  still  more  charm- 
ing.   When    the    lamp     shines     on 

them  and  reveals  their  radiant  glow 

it  is  even  more  difficult   to  choose 

the  best.  Norman  Lambert. 


MY    IDEAL     DELPHINIUM 

An  Amateur's  Outcry  Against  Modern  Tendemies 


IH.W'E  been  looking  at  catalogues  of  Del- 
phiniums Is  there  not  something  wrong 
with  the  ideal  flower  at  which  some  of  our 
great  florists  seem  to  be  aiming  ?  To  my 
mind  far  too  many  of  the  modern  varieties 
which  have  received  awards  of  merit  have  suifered 
from  having  their  flowers  too  closely  arranged  on 
the  spike  or  from  being  too  impure  in  colour 
There  is  a  Delphinium  named  Sir  Douglas  Haig 
which  received  the  award  last  year  ;  it  is  doubtless 
a  stately  plant,  but  the  double  flowers  are  huddled 


Lithospermum    rosmarini- 
folium  in  Midwinter 


What  can  be  more  charming 
in  midwinter  than  this  pretty 
flowering  and  dwarf  shrub  ? 
The  severe  frost  last  December 
brought  it  into  notice,  as  so 
many  less  hardy  shnibs  were 
either   killed    down    to  the   ground  a    BEA 

or  too  much  cut  to  flower  as 
usual.  So  its  real  merit  has  at 
last  been  recognised  for  semi-shaded  posi- 
tions on  this  coas:.  Those  who  possess  i 
cold  house  for  alpines  or  any  fairly  sunny 
unhealed  glass  porch  in  England  would  <lo 
well  to  cultivate  this  pretty  little  shrub,  that 
cannot  hope  to  come  to  perfect  beauty  outside 
under  the  vagaries  of  an  English  winter— so 
"  bitter-sweet  !  "  As  the  plant  grows  leggy  with 
age.  it  is  well  to  pull  the  shoots  down  and  layer 
them  all  round.  By  so  doing  a  delightful  mound 
of  turquoise  flowers  will  be  the  result  in  the  months 
of  January  and  February.  Unlike  many  of  the 
Lithospcrmums,  this  plant  does  not  object  to  a 
?trong  limestone  soil,  though  I  should  always 
recommend  the  shoots  to  bo  layerpd  in  a  little 
leaf-mould  or  sandy  peat. 

Nice.  E.   H.  W. 


UTIFUL     GROUP     OF     DELPHINIUMS     IN     A     BORD 
MIXED     PLANTS. 

so  closely  together  that  the  spike  has  no  more 
shape  than  a  preposterously  elongated  Brompton 
Stock.  Compare  this  variety  or  those  like  it 
with  better  spaced  ones,  such  as  The  Alake  or 
the  old  Duke  of  Connaught :  surely  the  latter 
have  infinitely  more  grace  and  distinction  of 
carriage. 

It  would  be  too  much  to  say  that  the  ideal  tall 
Delphiniums  ought  to  have  a  tapering  rather  than 
a  blunt- topped  spike,  for  some  of  the  blunt  sorts 
are  very  fine  in  their  way ;  but  in  my  own  seed- 
bed 1  should  almost  always  select  the  seedlings 
with  a  tapering  spire  so  as  to  retain  the  gradation 
of  sizes  which  can  be  so  delightful  in  the  Del- 
phinium as  well  as  in  the  Foxglove.  Of  course 
among  the  shorter  sorts  related  to  D.  Belladonna 
there   are   many  which   are  perfect  with   a  blunt 


spike,  such  as  the  beautiful  J.  S.  Brunton.  It 
is  in  taller  sorts  that  the  need  for  varying  the 
shape  makes  itself  specially  felt. 

Colour. — As  regards  colour,  I  suppose  many 
amateurs  have  wandered,  as  I  have,  with  a  feeling 
of  hopelessness  from  bank  to  bank  of  Delphiniums 
in  the  shows,  marvelling  at  so  consistent  an  absence 
of  the  pure  blue  colour  of  which  the  plant  is 
capable.  Why  is  it  that  so  many  growers  persist 
in  selecting  muddled  muddy  purples  for  their 
named  varieties  ?  Surely  it  cannot  be  that  the 
gardening  public  prefer  these  colours, 
colours  which  can  be  represented  in 
the  garden  by  so  many  plants  less 
uniquely  gifted  than  the  Delphinium. 
There  was  once,  at  the  great  flower 
show  at  Olympia,  an  astounding 
display  of  Delphiniums  by  one 
famous  firm.  It  occupied  the  whole 
of  one  curved  end  of  the  building. 
Yet  in  all  this  vast  wall  of  flowers, 
comprising  tens  of  thousands  of 
spikes,  there  was,  I  remember, 
hardly  one  note  of  really  pure 
unsullied  blue.  One  can  see  the 
same  phenomenon  in  any  summer 
flower  show  to-day,  and  one  can 
only  suppose  the  cause  to  be  that 
in  most  cases  trade  growers  are  not 
aiming  at  blueness  at  all.  I  re- 
member one  grower  telling  me  that 
he  annually  threw  away  hundreds 
of  seedlings  that  were  merely  blue, 
for  he  had  set  his  heart  on  raising 
one  that  should  be  as  nearly  as 
possible  pink  !  Pink  Delphiniums 
and  those  deplorable  blue  Roses  1 
There  must  be  hundreds  of  amateurs 
to  whom  such  an  ambition  in 
dealing  with  the  noblest  of  all  blue 
flowers  seems  simply  a  perversion  ol 
taste,  and  who,  like  myself,  when 
reading  Delphinium  catalogues,  skip 
over  the  items  described  as  "  flushed 
with  mauve,"  or  "  shaded  purple"  ; 
and,  when  looking  at  banks  of  Del- 
phiniums at  Chelsea  shows,  instinc- 
tively pass  over  all  the  purple 
bunches  except  for  an  occasional 
.\lake  or  Laraartine.  If  a  word  of 
mine  could  reach  the  ears  of  those 
magicians  who  have  given  us  so 
many  of  the  glories  of  our  gardens 
and  who  have  acres  of  Delphiniums 
R    OF  to    choose    from,   the    word  should 

be  this :  Give  us  a  Delphinium 
True  Blue  or  a  Lizzie  van  Veen 
of  superb  constitution.  Remove  the  least  stain 
of  purple  from  the  Duke  of  Connaught.  Let  us 
have  more  like  that  magnificent  Blue  Bird 
(Tucker  of  Oxford),  and  fewer  like  Mrs.  Shirley  and 
Mrs.  Colin  Mclver.  When  you  give  us  a  purple  let 
it  be  finely  spaced  like  The  Alake,  not  crowded  like 
Henri  Moissan.  And  remember  that  of  all  colours 
violet  is  the  least  luminous,  the  least  exhilarating 
(If  you  want  to  prove  this  go  and  look  at  a  spike 
of  D.  Smoke  of  War  in  an  exhibition  tent,)  Blue 
is  a  rarer  colour  and  infinitely  more  heartening 
to  see. 

Novelties. — And  one  other  word  I  should  dare 
to  say  to  that  magician.  Do  not  let  your  glorious 
and  beneficent  trade  become  degraded  by  the 
introduction  of  preposterously  high  prices  for 
"  novelties."     Preserve   if   you   possibly  can   that 


February  26,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


107 


fine  tradition  which  has  done  so  much  to  l-;eep 
snobbery  out  of  gardening,  the  tradition  which 
still,  happily,  makes  it  "bad  form"  to  charge 
more  than  los.  6d.  for  a  new  Rose.  The  Narcissus 
has  long  fallen  a  victim  to  that  unhappy  passion 
for  possessing  what  others  cannot  afford  to  buy  ; 
the  Iris  is  now  beginning  to  sufier  from  the  same 
objectionable  malady.  Presumably  there  will 
always  be  rich  people,  in  America  if  not  at 
home    who  will    be    prepared   to  pay  £5   for  Iris 


A,  not  just  because  it  is  a  noble  thing,  but 
simply  because  it  is  more  costly  than  Iris 
B  from  across  the  Channel,  and  because,  for 
that  reason,  so-and-so  will  not  possess  it.  There 
is,  I  am  afraid,  no  economic  law  which  will 
prevent  the  spread  of  this  disease  among  the 
Delphiniums  and  Pa-onies ;  nothing  but  an 
honourable  tradition.  But  it  is  that  tradition 
which  has  helped  to  make  gardeners  such  pleasant 
generous  people.  W.   E.    Arnold-Forster. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


fine.  Beds  filled  with  spring-flowering  plants 
will  be  benefited  by  stirring  the  surface  with  a 
small  hand-cultivator,  care  being  taken  not  to 
disturb  any  bulbs  that  may  be  breaking  through. 

The  Rose  Border. — Roses  which  are  estab- 
lished need  an  occasional  look  over  to  see  that 
none  becomes  loosened  at  the  neck  through  the 
action  of  the  wind ;  a  cavity  round  the  stem 
is  often  caused  in  this  manner.  Make  the  soil 
firm  and  secure  with  a  stake  till  pruning  time  comes 
round.  Plants  are  often  destroyed  through 
carelessness  in  this  respect.  When  necessary  the 
stakes  to  tall  standards  should  be  renewed. 
J.\MES  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham.  Kilmarnock. 


FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Carnations. — These  may  now  be  planted  upon 
the  first  favourable  opportunity,  unless  the  soil 
is  of  a  cold  and  heavy  nature,  in  which  case  delay 
for  another  few  weeks.  The  exact  cultural  details 
to  give  best  results  are  only  obtained  by  giving 
up  beds  or  portions  of  borders  entirely  to  them, 
but  this  is  not  possible  in  many  cases  and  earlier- 
flowering  subjects  must  be  introduced  with  them. 
Such  may  include  Violas  of  various  shades,  Pinks 
and  some  autumn-sown  hardy  annuals. 

Pruning, — The  latter  part  of  February  is  a 
good  time  to  give  attention  to  various  shrubs, 
evergreen  and  deciduous,  and  do  what  pruning 
is  required.  Some  plants  only  require  weak  and 
straggling  wood  removed,  such  as  deciduous 
Magnolias,  Chimonanthus  and  Lauristinus  Others, 
such  as  Forsythias  and  Honeysuckle,  should  be 
cut  back  to  within  a  short  space  of  the  old  wood, 
while  the  strong-growing  varieties  must  be  pruned 
to  keep  within  moderate  dimensions.  Ivy  on 
walls  may  now  receive  its  first  pruning. 

Planting. — .\\1  outstanding  work  of  this  nature 
in  connection  with  deciduous  trees  and  shrubs 
should  now  be  completed  at  the  earliest  possible 
date. 

The  Kitohen  Garden. 

General  Work. — ^Much  wiU  now  depend  upon 
the  weather  and  texture  of  soils  as  to  when  this 
or  that  operation  may  be  done,  but  the  important 
point  is,  never  miss  a  good  opportunity  providing 
the  season  has  arrived  for  any  particular  subject 
to  be  sown  or  planted. 

Onions. — The  ground  for  this  important  crop 
having  been  autumn  dug  and  thrown  up  rough 
will,  in  light  soils  at  any  rate,  be  now  in  workable 
condition.  Seize  the  first  favourable  chance, 
therefore,  and  get  the  seed  in.  Endeavour  by 
treading  and  rolling  to  get  the  ground  firm  and 
in  good  tilth,  and  sow  in  drills  about  a  foot  or 
15  inches  apart.  Should  the  soil  be  of  a  very 
light  nature,  the  seed  may  be  sown  a  little  deeper 
than  on  heavier  ground. 

Beet. — -Where  a  slightly  heated  frame  can  be 
spared  for  the  purpose  a  small  sowing  should  be 
made  to  provide  a  few  early  roots. 

Tomatoes. — Early  in  March  is  a  suitable  time 
to  make  a  good  sowing  for  summer  fruiting,  and 
a  good  outdoor  \ariety  should  be  included  at  this 
time. 

Other  Seeis. — -A.  few  Vegetable  M.irrows  for 
early  use  should  be  in,  also  Capsicums,  sown  in 
heat,  pricked  off,  and  fruited  in  .s-inch  and  6-inch 
pots.  In  a  cold  frame  make  a  small  sowing  of 
Cauliflowers,  Cabbages  and  a  few  others  of  the 
Brassica  family  to  make  sure  of  a  supply  coming 
along.  The  first  pinch  of  Celery  seed  must  also 
be  sown  in  gentle  heat,  pricked  off  when  large 
enough  to  handle,  and  groivn  on  in  boxes  to  make 
a  sturdy  first  batch. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Mullierries  and  Medlars. — Where  trees  of  these 
fruits  have  become  crowded  it  may  be  advisable 
to  remove  sufficient  wood  to  admit  more  air  and 
sunshine. 

Nuts. — .\  plantation  of  these  trees  providing 
valuable  food  is  seldom  met  with,  and  yet  in 
addition  to  their  food  properties  1  think  there  is 
a  distinct  attraction  about  them,  and  they  could 
with  advantage  to  many  gardens  and  woods 
replace  some  of  the  shrubs  doing  duty  at  the 
present  time.  Any  pruning  necessary  may  be 
done  now,  taking  care  to  leave  plenty  of  wood 
carrying  male  catkins  to  ensure  a  pood  supply 
of  pollen  for  fertilisation.  All  suckers  should  be 
removed. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Raising  Vines. — Probably  the  raising  of  Vines 
is    seldom    practised    unless    in    very    large    fruit 


establishments,  as  the  expense  incurred  in  planting 
a  fresh  lot  of  rods  occurs  only  at  very  long  periods, 
and   the   rods   may   with   advantage   be   obtained 
from  a  reliable  firm.     Should  the  raising  of  a  fresh 
lot  of  yiung  Vines  be  contemplated,   the  preseni 
is  a  good  time  for  the_purpose.     Select  buds  from 
well  ripened  wood,  aUbwing  from  hnlf  to  an  inch 
of   wood   each   side   of   the  bud.     The   buds   may 
then  be  inserted  in  small  pots  or  in  small  squares 
of   turf   and   placed   in    a   warm   moist    pit   where 
activity  will  soon  be  in  evidence.     Be  careful  of 
excessive  moisture  until  the  roots  are  active. 
H.  Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albuty  Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 


ANSWERS 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Spin^f  h.- — An  early  sowing  of  round  or  summer 
Spinach  should  now  be  made  on  a  sheltered  border. 
Nlany  growers  like  to  utilise  the  space  between 
rows  of  early  Peas  for  this  purpose,  and  excellent 
results  may  be  had,  but  it  is  often  necessary  to 
sow  a  fair  breadth  for  early  household  require- 
ments as  it  is  undoubtedly  the  earlier  crops  of 
Spinach  that  are  most  appreciated  ;  therefore  sow 
in  drills  about  i  foot  apart  apd  i  inch  deep.  It  is 
essential  that  the  crop  should  be  thinned  early, 
otherwise  the  plants  become  drawn  and  run  to 
seed  more  readily. 

Parsnips. — These  like  a  long  season  of  growtli 
so  advantage  should  be  taken  of  the  first  dry  spell 
to  get  in  a  sowing,  providing,  of  course,  that  the 
ground  is  in  good  workable  condition.  The  site 
of  last  year  s  Celery  trenches  would  prove  a  suitable 
place,  otherwise  it  is  advisable  to  make  the  sowing 
on  ground  which  has  had  the  advantage  of  trenching 
or  double  digging. 

Tomatoes. — Early  lots  should  now  be  pricked 
out  and  kept  growing  steadily  in  a  warm  pit. 
Damping  off  is  often  troublesome  at  this  stage  ; 
more  especially  should  the  weather  be  dull,  so 
extra  care  should  be  taken  when  watering. 
Additional  sowings  of  standard  varieties  may  now 
be  made  for  the  regular  season's  crops.  One  of  our 
best  varieties  last  summer  was  Purdie's  Clydesdale  ; 
this  sort  matures  quickly,  is  an  excellent  cropper, 
and  is  admirable  for  market  work. 

Lettuce. — Sowings  may  now  be  safely  made  in 
the  open.  The  Cabbage  varieties  are  most 
suitable  for  the  earliest  crops.  Early  Paris  Jlarket 
and  Sutton's  Favourite  make  a  good  succession. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Propagating. — it  wiU  now  be  necessary  to 
propagate  many  of  the  soft  wooded  plants,  and 
they  will  be  found  to  root  readily  if  bottom  heat 
is  provided.  Heliotrope,  Lobelia  and  .\lyssum 
should  all  be  put  in  now. 

Summer-F  lowering  Chrvsanthemums.— Stools 
of  these  which  were  lifted  and  placed  in  boxes 
for  the  winter  will  now  be  throwing  up  cuttings 
freely  These  should  root  quickly  if  dibbled  into 
sandy  soil  and  kept  shaded  from  bright  sunshine. 
To  obtain  good  strong  plants  of  these  it  is  necessary 
to  transplant  into  a  nice  compost  and  grow  on  in  a 
cool  frame  till  near  the  bedding  out  period. 

Gloria  sa  Surerla. — Tubers  of  this  elegant 
stove  plant  should  now  be  shaken  out  and  repotted 
in  a  mixture  of  peat  and  turfy  loam  with  a  liberal 
sprinkling  of  sharp  sand.  An  ordinary  sized  tuber 
win  be  ample  for  a  7- inch  pot.  See  that  the 
drainage  is  correct,  while  water  must  be  used 
sparingly  until  growth  is  started. 

The  F lower  Garden. 

General     Work. — Should     the     pruning     and 

tying  of  climbing  plants  on  the  walls  and  pergolas 

be    completed,    any    beds    or    borders    requiring 

digging  should  be  gone  over  when  the  weather  is 


TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— r^e  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Garden  helpful  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  thai  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  colvmns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
^itreet,  Corent  Garden,  London,  TF.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sei^der  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
qjtiery  is  sen*,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  shotild  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  arc  7iot  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


TREES     AND     SHRUBS. 

FIR  TREE  ATTACKED  (TT.  F.  W.,  Stourport).— 
The  branch  sent  is  that  of  a  species  of  Abies,  probably 
A.  nobilis.  It  has  apparently  been  attacked  by  a  chermes. 
an  insect  that  often  causes  galls  on  these  trees  and  which 
is  veryidifficult  to  deal  with,  especially  when  any  Larches 
are  in  the  neighbourhood,  for  the  insects  pass  part  of 
their  time  on  the  leaves  ot  Larches. _  We  fear  little  can 
be  done  in  the  present  case.  ^ 


ROSE     GARDEN. 

PRUNING' ROSES  {Erookside).—'Mis.  Paul  and  George 
iJickson  should  be  pruned  to  about  6  inches  of  their  base. 
The  following  Roses  should  be  pruned  hard  ;  Pharisaer, 
Ophelia.  Mme.  Edouard  Herriott,  Gorgeous,  General 
McArthur,  Mrs,  Ambrose  Kicardo  and  Sunburst._  The 
Lyon   Kose  should  be  moderately  pruned. 


MISCELL.\NEOUS. 

PLANT  FOR  IDENTIFICATION  (L.  J..  GVos.).— The 
plant  described  by  our  correspondent  is  Pileost^gia 
viburnoides,  which  belongs  to  the  natural  order 
Saxifragace».  It  is  a-  native  of  the  Khasia  mountains 
and  Eastern  Himalayas.  With  habit  like  the  Viburnum, 
it  is  probably  hardy  in  this  countiy.  It  will  thrive  in 
limestone  soil,  pro^ided  lime  is  not  excessive. 

BLACK  AND  HEAVY  SOIL  UNFERTILE  {Eager  Bill). 
— We  think  that  in  all  probability  the  soil  is  not  well 
drained.  If  this  is  so  we  fear  it  is  hopeless  to  improve 
it.  If  it  is  well  drained  have  the  same  trenched  2  feet 
deep,  and  give  the  soil  in  the  trenches  a  good  dressing  of 
lime  and  road  grit  ffree  from  tar)  as  it  is  turned  over. 
Afterwards  give  the  surface  a  light  dressing  of  rotten 
manure  in  spring,  digging  it  in  a  few  inches  deep  before 
planting  any  crops.  If  our  correspondent  cannot  trench 
the  whole  of  the  ground  this  winter,  give  the  rest  of  the 
soil  a  good  surface  dressing  of  lime  after  it  has  been  dug, 
and  fork  it  in  about  4  inches  deep  as  the  crops  are  being 
planted.  Sow  Broad  Beans  now,  also  Parsnips.  Try 
Potatoes  again  later  on.  Lay  the  manure  in  the  rows 
for  them,  also  gi^e  the  rows  a  good  sooting  at  the  time 
of  planting,  as  well  as  the  tops,  as  soon  as  they  are  above 
ground.  Try  Leeks,  Brussels  Sprouts,  Cauliflower*  and 
Curly  Greens  of  sorts.  Sow  the  seeds  early  in  March, 
and  plant  the  young  plants  out  about  the  end  of  May 
They  should  make  most  useful  stuff  for  the  winter. 

SUITABLE  WATER  PLANTS  FOR  A  SMALL  POND 
(G.  W.  A.,  Surrey).— S\i\tah\e  varieties  for  the  small  pond 
should  include  Sagittaria  japonica  flore  pleno,  of  which 
three  or  six  plants  would  form  a  nice  group  :  three  varieties 
of  Nymphfea  odorata.  together  with  other  Nymphseas, 
as  Laydekeri  rosea,  chromatella  and  gloriosa.  if  these 
are  not  too  costly  for  our  correspondent's  puri»ose.  Much 
of  the  success  of  these  depends  upon  the  quality  of  the 
water,  hard  or  soft  ;  and  as  we  gather  from  our  corre- 
spondent's letter  that  the  water  is  hard,  it  will  probably 
be  found  difficult  to  grow  the  choicer  sorts.  For  the 
margin,  if  of  grass  and  soil,  try  Caltha  palustris  flore 
pleno,  C.  polypetala  and  C.  Tyermanii ;  Astilbc  ceres 
A.  Queen  Alexandra  and  A.  Silver  Sheaf;  Saxifraga 
peltata ;  Funkia  japonica.  F.  ovata  and  F.  aurea  ;  and 
Primula  BuUeyana.  P.  pulverulenta  and  P.  japonica, 
Spiriea  palmata.  8.  Venusta  and  Iris  Ka?mpferi,  a  little 
farther  away,  would  be  also  of  good  effect.  Plant  all  in 
prepared  and  cultivated  soils.  All  these  plants  arc 
obtainable  from  Mr.  Amos  Perry.  Hardv  Plant  Parms, 
Enfield;  or  Messrs.  R.  W.  Wallace  and"  Co.,  Tunbridge 
Wells. 


108 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February  26,  1921. 


THE  IMPORTANCE  of  SOWING  EARLY 


IT  is  from  April  to  the  end  of  June  that  our 
vegetable  supplies  are  likely  to  be  at  their 
lowest  ebb.  With  this  thought  in  mind  we 
should  at  the  present  time  turn  our  efforts 
to  the  cultivation  of  early  vegetables  to  tal\e 
the  place  of  diminishing  supplies  of  root  crops 
and  winter  greens.  Special  attention  should  be 
given  to  those  crops  which  grow  speedily — the 
Carrot,  Turnip,  Onion,  Lettuce,  early  Peas,  Broad 
Beans,  early  Potatoes,  Radish,  Globe  Beet,  early 
Cabbage  and  Spinach.  In  our  uncertain  climate 
we  cannot  attach  too  much  importance  to  raising 
and  growing  vegetables  under  glass.  Vineries, 
Peach-houses,  frames  and  hotbeds  can  now  be 
put  to  good  use  by  raising  seedlings  or  by  growing 
early  Potatoes  for  supplies  during  April.  May 
and  June. 

Making  the  Most  of  Sunny  Borders. — A  great 
deal  may  also  be  accomplished  in  the  open,  but 
this  is  governed  by  weather  conditions.  Warm 
south  borders,  especially  if  they  happen  to  be  under 
a  wall,  should  be  prepared  and  made  up  with 
light,  rich  soil  for  sowing  early  Peas  or  for  planting 
such  early  Potatoes  as  Myatt's  Ashleaf,  Ringleader, 
Witch  Hill,  First  Crop,  May  Queen,  Sharpe's 
Express,  Epicure,  Midlothian  Early  and  Sir  John 
Llewelyn.  In  preparing  early  borders  the  ground 
should  be  made  to  slope  gently  to  the  south. 
This  may  seem  a  little  matter,  but  it  makes  the 
difference  of  a  few  weeks  in  the  time  of  lifting  the 
Potatoes  or  picking  the  earliest  Peas.  Again, 
the  rows  should  be  placed  due  north  and  south, 
so  that  each  row  receives  the  maximum  amount 
of  light  and  warmth  from  the  sun's  rays.  Unless 
the  border  happens  to  be  facing  due  south,  this 
will  necessitate  arranging  the  rows  in  a  slanting 
direction ;  but,  after  all,  there  is  no  reason  why 
the  rows  in  a  border  should  run  at  right  angles 
to  the  garden  path  save  for  the  conventionalities 
which  so  often  dominate  the  kitchen  garden. 
These  little  points  are  worthy  of  attention  ;  they 
make  aU  the  diiference  between  vegetables  and 
early  vegetables,  and  recall  Brownings  saying: 
"  The  little  more  and  how  much  it  is." 

Early  Peas  and  Potatoes.— Fortunately,  these 
two  important  crops  may  be  grown  together  in 
the  same  border  for  the  earliest  outdoor  supplies. 
Early  Peas  that  do  not  grow  more  than  2i  feet 
high  should  be  selected,  such,  for  example,  as 
Pilot,  Pioneer,  Hundredfold,  Little  Marvel, 
American  Wonder  and  The  Slierwood.  Sow  in 
February  in  drills  3  inches  deep,  leaving  the 
seeds  about  ij  inches  apart,  sprinkling  wood- 
ashes  along  the  drills  at  the  rate  of  a  handful 
to  the  yard  run  previous  to  sowing.  For  early 
Peas  the  seed  should  be  sown  thicker  than  for 
the  later  crops. 

There  is  a  certain  advantage  in  growing  Peas 
and  Potatoes  together  on  an  early  border,  lor  rows 
of  Peas  afford  protection  to  the  Potatoes  from  frost 
and  cold  east  winds  The  damage  to  plants  by 
frost  is  greatly  increased  by  the  bright  morning 
sun  which  so  often  follows  a  frost,  and  if  the 
Potato  tops  are  only  shaded  for  the  first  few  hours 
they  may  escape  without  injury.  Now  this  is 
where  the  early  Peas  are  so  helpful  to  the  Potatoes, 
for  Ijy  growing  Peas  at  every  fourth  or  fifth  row 
they  shelter  the  Potatoes  from  east  winds  and  give 
shade  from  the  sun,  which  is  so'  much  needed  on 
frosty  mornings.  Early  Potatoes  may  be  planted 
in  February  or  on  the  first  dry  days  in  March  in 
rows  2  feet  apart,  leaving  at  least  i  foot  between 
the  sets  Plant  in  shallow  trenches  and  cover  the 
tubers  to  a  depth  of  4  inches  with  fine  leafy  soil. 
Dry  litter  should  be  kept  close  at  hand  to  give 
a  light  covering  to  the  rows  on  the  approach  of 
frosts,  removing  it  as  soon  as  danger  is  over. 


It  would  be  possible  to  have  new  Potatoes  in 
April  by  planting  well-sprouted  tubers  singly 
in  lo-inch  pots  or  several  in  boxes  about  g  inches 
deep,  standing  the  pots  or  boxes  on  the  borders 
of  an  early  Peach-house  or  vinery  where  a  tempera- 
ture of  55°  to  60°  is  maintained.  The  boxes 
should  not  be  much  more  than  half  filled  with  soil 
to  allow  for  top-dressing  as  growth  takes  place. 

Sprouting  Potatoes. — By  sprouting  the  seed 
Potatoes  in  the  following  manner  the  crop  will  be 
ready  to  lift  at  least  two  or  three  weeks  earlier 
than  if  dormant  seed  is  planted.  Put  the  tubers 
in  full  daylight  in  a  place  safe  from  frost  where 
little  or  no  artificial  heat  is  applied.  The  staging 
of  a  cool  greenhouse  is  a  very  suitable  place. 
Put  the  tubers  in  single  layers  in  trays  or  shallow 
boxes,  standing  them  on  end  with  most  of  the  eyes 
uppermost.  This  should  be  done  without  delay, 
so  that,  by  the  time  the  planting  season  comes 
round,  the  sturdy  green  sprouts  should  be  about 
an  inch  long.  Remember  that  every  weak  and 
anJemic-looking  sprout  produced  in  the  dark  is 
worse  than  useless,  for  't  means  so  much  exhaustion 
to  the  parent  tuber.  All  weak  growths  should  bo 
rubbed  off,  leaving  only  one  or  two  strong  shoots. 

Making  a  Seed-bed.— The  preparations  for 
sowing  are  of  the  utmost  importance.  1 1  is  waste 
of  time  and  valuable  seed  to  attempt  to  sow  if 
the  soil  is  in  a  rough  and  lumpy  condition.  The 
ground  must  first  of  all  be  dug  or  trenched,  at  the 
sam.e  time  incorporating  with  the  soil  a  dressing 
of  well-rotted  manure :  fresh  stable  manure 
should  be  avoided.  The  soil  must  be  light,  fine 
and  friable  on  the  surface,  and,  what  is  still  more 
important,  it  must  be  fairly  dry  at  the  time  of 
sowing.  To  attain  this  end,  early  seed-beds  must 
be  made  up  with  leaf-soil,  old  Mushroom-bed 
manure  or  exhausted  hotbeds,  and  any  light, 
rich  soil,  such  as  old  potting  soil,  sand  or  road- 
scrapings  from  roads  on  which  there  is  little  or 
no  motor  traffic.  I  ime  is  of  value  so  long  as  it  is 
applied  at  least  three  weeks  before  sowing,  and 
wood  ashes  should  be  applied  in  the  drills  at  the 
time  of  sowing. 

Broad  Beans. — On  well-drained  soil  the  seed 
of  the  early  crop  may  be  sown  in  January  or 
February.  Sow  in  double  lines  in  drills  prepared  as 
advised  for  Peas,  placing  the  seeds  about  3  inches 
apart  and  allowing  about  2  feet  between  the  double 
rows.  The  secret  of  success  in  growing  Broad 
Beans  is  to  get  them  in  as  early  as  possible,  other- 
wide  the  crop  may  be  ruined  by  the  dreaded  black 
fly,  which  never  fails  to  make  its  appearance 
when  the  Beans  are  in  flower.  The  Longpods 
are  preferred  for  early  sowings. 

Carrots. — A  sowing  of  Early  Nantes  or  Short 
Horn  Carrots  should  be  made  now  in  a  frame  over 
a  mixture  of  leaves  and  stable  manure,  which 
will  create  a  mild  bottom-heat.  The  lights 
should  be  kept  closed  until  the  seedlings  appear 
through  the  soil,  when  a  little  ventilation  may  be 
applied  in  the  daytime. 

Cnions.— There  is  not  the  least  doubt  that 
Onions  raised  under  glass  in  January  and  February 
will  repay  the  additional  time  and  trouble  involved. 
Varieties  like  AUsa  Craig  and  Cranston's  Excelsior 
should  now  be  sown  in  well- drained  boxes  filled 
with  a  mixture  of  good  potting  loam,  leaf-mould 
and  gritty  sand,  using  it  in  a  moderately  dry  but 
firm  condition.  Failing  a  heated  pit.  a  suitable 
place  for  raising  the  seedlings  is  an  early  Peach- 
house  of  vinery.  Onions  require  a  long  season 
of  growth,  and  by  raising  them  early  under  glass 
they  are  better  able  to  withstand  the  attacks  of 
the  Onion  fly  when  planted  out  in  April.  This 
pest  was  responsible  for  very  heavy  loss  among 
spring-sown  Onions  last  year. 


Brussels  Sprouts.— I  wUl  conclude  by  strongly 
recommending  the  rearing  of  this  popular  winter 
vegetable  in  gentle  heat,  subsequently  hardening 
the  seedlings  off  in  a  frame,  ready  for  planting  out 
in  April.  Brussels  Sprouts  require  a  longer  season 
of  growth  than  any  other  member  of  the  Cabbage 
family,  and  it  is  only  by  sowing  early  that  the 
very  best  results  are  obtained.  Plenty  of  space 
is  necessary  for  development  when  planted  out, 
I  yard  between  the  rows  and  2  feet  6  inches  Between 
the  plants  will  not  be  too  much,  but  that  useful 
variety.  Dwarf  Gem,  may  be  planted  a  little  closer. 

H.  C. 


The  Late  Mr.  James  Coey 

The  news  of  the  death  of  Mr.  James  Coey  of  the 
Donard  Nursery  Company,  Newcastle,  Co.  Down, 
who  passed  away  on  February  8  after  a  brief 
illness  at  his  home  at  Lame,  Co.  Antrim,  will  come 
as  a  shock,  and  bring  a  sense  of  loss  and  sorrow  to 
all  who  knew  him. 

Mr.  Coey  was  well  known  for  many  years 
throughout  the  United  Kingdom  as  a  successful 
breeder  of  shorthorns,  and  was  a  recognised 
authority  in  other  important  branches  of  agricul- 
ture. 

Although  an  ardent  lover  of  flowers  and  plants 
all  his  life,  it  was  only  within  comparatively 
recent  years  that  he  took  up  horticulture  as  a 
business.  He  established  his  nurseries  at  New- 
castle, some  eight  or  ten  years  ago,  chiefly  with 
a  view  to  specialising  in  Daffodils,  but  his  interests 
extended  beyond  these,  and  he  grew,  in  addition, 
an  extensive  and  most  interesting  collection  of 
rare  and  choice  flowering  shrubs  and  herbaceous 
plants,  of  which  he  had  an  unusually  wide  and 
intimate  knowledge.  The  work  of  getting  together 
this  notable  collection  gave  him  the  keenest 
pleasure.  He  spared  no  pains  to  get  hold  of  the 
very  best  things.  Not  only  did  he  import  plants 
and  seeds  from  remote  parts  of  the  globe,  but  went 
himself  from  time  to  time  to  the  French,  Belgian 
and  Dutch  nurseries  in  search  of  good  novelties. 

Daffodils,  however,  had  the  largest  place  in 
Mr.  Coey's  affections,  and  his  choice  of  the  mild 
climate  and  kindly  soil  of  the  Co.  Down  coast 
for  their  cultivation  has  been  more  than  justified 
by  results.  During  the  Daffodil  sea.son  he  accom- 
plished an  astonishing  amount  of  work.  Spending 
as  he  did  much  time  among  his  flowcre,  he  was 
also  present  at  most  of  the  shows,  and  contrived 
to  pay  flying  visits  to  most  of  our  great  hybridists 
in  eager  quest  of  good  things,  which  he  spared  no 
expense  to  acquire.  He  entered  into  it  all  with 
the  zest  of  a  schoolboy  ;  I  remember  one  occasion 
when  an  unfortunate  accident  prevented  him  from 
being  present  at  Birmingham  ;  he  arranged  that 
his  manager  should  telephone  to  him  in  Ireland  as 
soon  as  the  judging  was  over  and  tell  him  how  his 
flowers  had  done !  Great  was  his  delight  on 
hearing  that  his  big  group  had  been  awarded  a 
gold  medal.  To  accompany  him  to  a  show  or  on 
one  of  his  novelty  hunting  expeditions  was  a 
joyous  adventure.  He  introduced  many  grand 
new  Daffodils,  probably  the  most  outstanding  of 
these,  and  the  one  with  which  his  name  will  bs 
remembered,  is  Magnificence,  the  glorious  Ajax 
of  flaming  sunshiny  gold,  so  wonderfully  early  that 
it  comes  into  full  bloom  at  Newcastle  in  February, 
its  first  flowers  being  open  this  mild  season  at  the 
end  of  January.  Mr.  Coey  was  a  keen  hybridist  and 
was  ever  experimenting,  not  only  among  Daffodils, 
but  with  other  plants,  the  beautiful  Escallonia, 
Donard  Seedling,  being  raised  by  him.  A  number 
of  fine  seedling  Daffodils  have  already  flowered  at 
his  nursery,  and  many  others  are  coming  on. 
One  grieves  to  think  he  will  not  see  them 
bloom.  Guv  L.  Wilson. 


February  26,    1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


Vll. 


Large  Gold  Medal  Exhibit  of  Webb's  Vegetables  at  the  National  Potato  Society's  Show,  1920. 


Garden  Catalogue  Free. 


WEBB  &  SONS,  LTD.,  the  king  s  seedsmen,  STOURBRIDGE. 


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FLOWER  SEEDS. 


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AT      1  2     O'CLOCK     EACH     DAY. 

Upwards  of  50,000  Hardy  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants 

Including  Delphinium.'!,  Phlox,  Pyrethruins,  Michaelmas  Daisies  (new),  Kniphophia,  Lenten  Roses, 
Michael   Foster  and   Bliss   Iris,  etc.,   etc. 

FLOWERING    AND   ORNAMENTAL   SHRUBS 

Including  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Pink  Pearl,  Alice  and  other  choice  varieties,  Chinese  Berberis, 
Dwarf  Rock  Conifers,  Montbretias.  including  Star  of  the  East,  a  Collection  of  Waterside  Plants  such  as 
Iris  Ksempferi  and  Sibirica  in  variety,  Astilbes  and  numerous  other  Stock. 

May  be  viewed  one  week  prior  to  Sa'e.  Catalogues  on  th  j  premis  s  of  Messrs.  R.  Wallace  &  Co..  Ltd..  The  Old  Gardens, 
Tunbndge  Wells,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  li7  &  88,  Cheapsidc,  London,  E.G. 


A    Record    Avi^and 


SIMPSONS' 

SUPER-SEED 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

gained 
13  Awards  of 

Merit  and 

20  Highly 
Commended 


I?  H.S.     1920 
Trials. 


VVisley 


Order  now  from  these  unique  strains, 
limited  quantities  available.      Orders 

executed  in  strict  rotation. 
Our  Seeds  are  of  Tes'i'd  Growths  of 
Peiiigrce    Str)cf<'s    atui    are    bo!d    at 
fir  tees   that    defy    cnniftetitiott.    con- 
sist nt  with  quality. 

ANTIRRHINUMS 

Seeds  and  Plants  of  most  eiequisite  tints,  flower- 
ing profusely  all  Summer  in  masses  of  colour. 

SWEET  PEAS 

Seeds  and  Plans  of  English-grown  strains. 
List  gives  wonderful  Colour  Schemes  by 
K.  F.  Felton,  P.R.H.S. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDS 

Growing  large,  strong,  healthy  plants. 

As  '    <tu-  Catal  fiue  So.  2,  free  front 

W.  H.  SIMPSON  &  SONS 

Super-Seed    Specialists.    BIRMINGHAM, 


PENTSTEMONS 

CUTBUSH'S  GIANT  FLOWERED. 

No  flowering  plant  has  come  in'o  grt^atfr 
prominence  during  the  last  few  years  than 
Pentstemons,  They  are  invaluaWe  for  Bedding 
or  for  mixing  in  the  Herbaceous  Borde's.  The 
great  range  of  colour,  freeness  of  flowering,  and 
lasting  qualities  make  them  a  necessity  in 
every  garden. 

We  have  given  great  attention  to  imtTOving 
this  useful  flower,  and  at  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society's  trials  our  varieties  were  given  9 
Awards  of  Merit  and  3  Highly  Commended. 

We  have  a  very  large  stock  of  the  finest 
sorts. 

No  plant  is  more  easily  grown,  they  flourish 
in  any  well  cultivated  soil. 

Plants  ready  in  April  from   small 
Pots.     Please  ask  for  Special  List 


WM.    CUTBUSH    &    SON, 

Florist    Flower    Department, 

BARNET  NURSERIES,  BARNET,  Herts. 

And  at  HIGHGATE   NURSERIES,  N.6. 


Vlll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


IFebruary  26.   1921. 


The  passing  away  of  James  Coey  on  the  8th  inst, 
at  his  home  at  Larne  came  to  mc  as  a  great  shock. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  lovable  of  men.  I  had 
heard  he  was  very  ill  with  an  internal  trouble, 
but  so  little  did  I  think  the  end  was  so  near  that  I 
must  have  written  to  him  either  on  the  very  day 
he  died  or  the  day  after.  He  will  long  be  remem- 
bered by  all  those  whose  special  interest  lies  in 
Daffodils  and  Shrubs,  for  the  exhibits  of  the 
Donard  Nursery  Company  were  alwaj-s  well 
worth  looking  at,  and  where  they  were,  there,  too, 
was  James  Coey  himself- — the  sole  proprietor. 
What  Daffodils  he  used  to  bring  with  him  !  It 
was  his  favourite  flower,  and  he  did  it  right  well. 
As  examples  of  good  culture  the  Donard  Daffodils 
for  a  long  time  have  had  no  superior,  if  they  have 
had  an  equal.  Birmingham  and  London  will 
sadly  miss  him. 

As  a  nursery  of  choice  and  rare  shrubs  the 
Donard  Nursery  deservedly  stands  high.  Their 
exhibits  at  Chelsea  and  Cardiff  last  year  were  of 
the  greatest  interest.  They  were  something  for 
the  shrub  people  to  go  to  see,  and  on  neither 
occasion  were  they  disappointed.  Three  tons  of 
choice  plants  were  brought  over  for  group  at 
Chelsea.  I  doubt  if  3cwt.  went  back.  Escallonia 
Donard  Seedling  and  the  lovely  silver-leaved 
sport  from  Pittosporum  Mayii,  called  Silver 
Queen,  which  I  remember  Mr.  Coey  told  me 
he  spotted  as  a  sport  in  a  hedge,  are  two  "  good 
things "  which  will  long  keep  his  name  in 
remembrance.  Joseph  Jacob. 


Around    the     Markets 

No  one  seems  to  have  anything  pood  to  say 
about  market  trade  just  now.  The  Lenten 
season  is  aiways  a  period  of  depression, 
but  the  present  time  is  worse  than  usual. 
^\^lile  every  department  is  sutfering,  the 
fruit  trade  is  hit  harder  than  the  others. 
'J'here  is  mucli  more  of  almost  everything 
than  is  wanted,  so  much,  that  really  large  buyers  could 
fix  their  own  prices. 

Cape  frjit  is  particularly  in  excess  of  d<'mand  and 
this  surplus  is  aggravated  by  the  recent  arrival  of  close 
on  forty  thousand  lots.  These  include  Peaclics,  Pears, 
Nectarines,  Plums  and  black  Grapes,  and  nearly  every- 
thing is  in  very  fair  condition.  The  Pears  compare  most 
favourably  with  those  from  California.  Pineapples 
chiefly  in  boxes  of  half-a-dozen  large  fruits,  must  be  a 
source  of  disappointment  to  all  concerned,  for  a  large 
number  are  never  cleared — not  even  at  knock-out  prices 
— but  generally  when  they  reach  this  final  stage  of  their 
career  the  Pines  are  really  too  far  gone  to  be  worth 
handling. 

Dates  have  arrived  in  enormous  quantities  and  are 
now  so  cheap  that  some  of  the  multiple  retailers  are 
making  special  shows  of  them  and  sell  at  4d.  per  lb., 
which  is  distinctly  cheaper  than  we  small  itinerants  can 
do  them.  A  clear  case  of  unfair  competition,  but  as  we 
have  no  protective  association,  we  are  helpless  victims ; 
unless  we  can  git  hold  of  some  attractive  surplus  line  on 
Saturday  after  they  have  bouglit  at  normal  prices  earlier 
in  the  morning,  and  so  make  up  for  it  in  that  way.  But 
it  is  all  a  cut-throat  practice. 

Grapes  are  also  surplus  to  requirements  and  un- 
fortunately it  is  the  English  grown  that  suffers  most^ 
buyers  generally  prefer  the  cheaper  Belgian  Colmars  to 
the  better  quality  English  Alicantes  and  Colmars. 

In  the  vegetable  markets  there  are  a  few  real  com- 
parative shortages,  but  as  these  are  in  the  luxury  lines,  it 
is  not  a  serious  matter.  The  important  shortage  is  of 
Cabbage,  and  there  is  no  present  likelihood  of  its  being 
relieved.  The  spring  Cabbage  plants  are  reported  to  be 
unduly  soft,  so  should  real  hard  weather  come — and 
there  is  plenty  of  time  for  it — the  mortality  would  be  a 
most  serious  matter.  No  doubt  the  go-ahead  growers  have 
sown  seed  under  glass  so  as  to  have  plenty  of  seedlings 
in  hand  should  there  be  such  an  untoward  event.  Carrots 
and  Turnips,  of  the  essential  vegetables,  have  gone  up 
in  price,  but  the  rise  is  not  greater  than  expected  for  the 
time  of  the  year. 

Asparagus  and  Mushrooms  are  very  short.  The 
reason  for  the  scarcity  of  '*  Grass  "  is  not  readily  apparent, 
but  the  latter  is  due  to  failures  in  the  beds,  the  primary 
reason  being  that  few  market  growers  have  sufficient 
covered  space  for  preparing  tire  manure,  consequently 
the  beds  were,  in  this  wet  season,  too  damp  when  made 
up.  This  being  so,  the  heat  was  insufficient  to  "  grow  " 
the  Mushrooms.  French  salads  are  also  rather  scarce 
and  one  wonders  whether  this  is  because  of  a  real  shortage 
of  crop  or  because  they  are  diverted  to  some  nameless 
destination.  One  never  knows,  you  know.  Things  are 
not  always  what  they  seem,  not  even  in  market  gardening. 

The  great  event  ot  the  flower  departments  is  the 
enormous  quantity  of  dyed  Kuscus  that  have  been  sold 
this  week.  This  is  not  on  account  of  any  pronounced 
demand,  but  because  of  unanticipated  supply.  The 
Ruscus  now  on  sate  is  of  exceptional  quality  and.  coloured 
with  aniline  dyes,  withstands   variations  of  temperature 


and  humidity  better  than  when  the  dye  is  mixed  with  gela- 
tine as  an  adhesive.  T  he  consignmeiit  was  due  to  arrive  just 
before  Christmas,  when  there  was  a  great  demand,  but  by 
a  misunderstanding,  came  over  late,  hence  tire  present 
abundance  of  tills  verj'  attractive  shr  ib. 

February  19.  A.  Costee. 


Awards  to  Spinach  and  Turnips. — The  follow- 
ing awards  have  been  made  by  the  Council  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  after  trial  at 
Wisley :  Winter  lurnips— Award  of  Merit: 
All  the  Year  Round,  sent  by  Messrs.  Toogood. 
Highly  commended :  White  Egg,  sent  by  Messrs. 
Biu-pee ;  Golden  Ball,  sent  by  Messrs.  Cooper 
Taber ;  Yellow  Dutch,  sent  by  Messrs.  Carter. 
Winter  Spinach.  —  Award  of  merit :  Broad 
Flanders,  sent  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Holmes.  Highly 
commended :  Boston,  sent  by  Messrs,  W. 
Johnson ;  Prickley  Selected,  sent  by  Messrs. 
Toogood. 

Gardeners'  Benevolent  Institution. — The  Duke 
of  York  has  kindly  consented  to  preside  at  the 
next  Festival  Dinner  of  the  Gardeners'  Royal 
Benevolent  Institution  in  aid  of  the  funds,  to  be 
held  at  the  Hotel  Victoria,  Northumberland 
.Avenue,  S.W.,  on  May  24.  The  names  of  any 
ladies  and  gentlemen  who  desire  to  be  placed  on 
the  Duke  of  York's  list  of  stewards  will  be  grate- 
fully received  by  the  Secretary,  Mr.  G.  J.  Ingram, 
02,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,   London,  .S.W.  i. 

Accident  to  E.  M.  Holmes. — We  regret  to 
hear  that  Mr.  E.  M.  Holmes,  F". L.i',  the  veteran 
Curator  of  the  Museum  of  the  Pharmaceutical 
Society,  has  met  with  a  serious  motor  accident, 
necessitating  the  amputation  of  a  foot.  Mr. 
Holmes  is  well  known  as  an  authority  on  drugs 
and  has  contributed  many  articles  to  the  horti- 
cultural Press  during  recent  years  on  the 
cultivation  of  medicinal  drugs  in  this  country. 
In  addition,  at  his  residence  at  Sevenoaks  he 
has  successfully  cultivated  many  plants  of  more 
than  usual  interest  from  an  economic  point  of 
view. 

Awards  for  Orchils  at  Chelsea.^The  Council 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  has  decided 
to  offer  a  cup  and  medals  for  groups  of  Orchids 
exhibited  by  amateurs  at  the  Chelsea  Show  on 
May  24,  25  and  26  on  a  table  space  not  exceeding 
48  square  feet.  Entries  should  be  made  in  writing 
to  the  Secretary  at  Vincent  Square,  Westminster, 
S.\\'. r,   not  later  than  .April  2r. 

ARTINDALE'S      HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    applica  ion. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The  finest  stock  in  the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFF  ELD  &.  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


Not  a  Penny  for  Paint." 

No  messy  tarring  either.  Time 
and  weatherproof.  Looks  well 
—  lasts  long  Ready  to  lay 
without  delay.  Sold  by  Hard- 
ware   Merchants  everywhere. 

PLuyEX''°rSr 

SAMPLKs     The  Ruberoid  Co.,  Lt  t. 
FRtlE.  il>Pt.5t  KI.Knijjhtrule    St..R.C. 


FOR    THE 


BEST    SEEDS 

FOR   THE    GARDEN 

GO     TO 

JOHN  K.  KING  &  SONS,  ltd., 

THE  Kll\  G  S  SEEDSMEN. 

COGGESHALL. 

Catalogue  Post  Free. 


Phone  182. 


Tele  :  FRANK  CANT,  Colchester. 


CANT'S 

CHAMPION 

ROSES 

for  all   Soils  and   Situations. 
Known  and  grown  throughout  the  world. 

FRANK    CANT    &    CO., 

Braiswick   Rose   Gardens, 

(Dept.  A),         Colchester. 
Catalogue  post  free  on  application. 


Turn  Hydrangeas  Blue  with  Azure 


This  compound,  after  exhaustive  trials,  has  proved  the  most 
successful  and  reliable  preparation  for  making  Pink 
Hydrangeas  a  beautiful  Blue. 

NO    TROUBLE.        JUST    SPRINKLE    ON    THE    SOIL. 

Full     Directions    with     every    Tin. 
Price  16  &  2:6  per  tin.        Postage  9d.  per  tin  extra. 


WM.  GUTBUSH  &  SON, 

Ni<t\seryincn  by  Royiil  Warrant  to  His  Majesty  Tltc  Kinn. 
BARNET    NURSERIES,    BARNET,    HERTS, 

AM) 

HIGHGATE     NURSERIES,     LONDON,    N.6. 

Telephone  for  Barnet — Barnet  2, 

,.     HifihRate— Hnrnsey  7fiO. 


33 pd    SEASON. 

MRS.   PYM'S    FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

24-  worth   for   20-     Any   quantity  sent.     All    post  fre« 

or  carriage  paid  passenger  train.     No  delay. 
Special  Cheap  Offer  of  splendid  sturdy  young  plants  from 
n't^n     tor   Sp  ing   flowering;    "Id.   extra  for  orders  under  3/-. 
Alyssum,  mmpact,  go  d  dust.  12, 1,6.   Aubretfa,  ri -h  purple. 
is.  16.     Arabis,  .loTihle  \vhite.6  1  4.    Canterbury  Bells,  12. 

|6.  Alpine  Wallflowers,  -jo.  1  6.  Daisies,  very  large 
double  red  or  white.  liO.  1/6.  Forget-nne-nots,  best  com- 
pact, light  or  dark  blue.  20.  1,6.  Pansies,  choicest  large 
fi-iwermg  and  bedding,  separate  colours.  I'/.  14;  5;Jfor4i6. 
VIolaSi  iiath's  hedHing.  se-  arate  colours  or  gooct  mixed.  12, 
1/4;  .SO  for  4;6.  Silene  compacta,  rink  20.  1,4.  Thrift, 
-'^mnct.  pink.  1'.',  1,6.  Sweet  Williams,  mixed.  15,  1/4. 
Wallflowers,  nil  colour*;,  separyte  or  new  large  flowering 
hsbrids.  100,3,6;  500,12-. 

Stronf  plants,  wintered  in  open — Spring  Cabbage,  Winter 
Tripoli  Onions,  Lettuce,  Brussels  Sprouts,  Leeks,  100.2/-; 
300.  Si- 
Magnificent  Strong  Transplanted  Hardy  Perennials, 
Rockery  Plants,  Spring  Flowering  Plants,  Qreenhouse 
Plants,      Flowering      Shrubs,      Vegetable      Plants,     etc. 

PL  A  y  T     XO  W     FOR     SUCCESS. 

MRS.  PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10  VINE  HOUSE,  Woodston,  PETERBOROUGH 

A  eu'  1921  Catalogue  noii'  ready,  free  on  application. 


WONDERFUU 
F=i.   E    S  U  LT  S 

are   obtained 


SEEDS  «  FERTILIZERS 

.^11  Gerdeners  should  use  0}em . 

WfSltRN  C0«NIIf5  5f[0WAmnOUSE3.BARN51APl£ 


THE 


U 


BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth   "  draw 
out "  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does  not  pinch 
or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1  -    each. 

Postage  7d. 

Sfile  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


February   26,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


DOBBIE'S  CATALOGUE 


And  Guide  to  Gardening. 


Spring  1921 


A    FREE    COPY 

U  ///  be  .sen/  to  anyone  interested 
in  G-irdeniiiii  who  makes  aphli- 
cation  and  mentions  The  Garden 


Our  House   is  noted  for    HIGH- 
GRADE  VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER 
SEEDS,    and    SCOTCH    SEED 
POTATOES,  and  PLANTS. 

IN    SWEET     PEAS    WE     ARE     PRE-EMINENT. 


DOBBIE  Sl  Co.  Ltd.  '"'"Tm"  ?h"e\'!r"  " 

EDINBURGH. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 


JAPANESE, 

for  Exhibition  Blooms,  Incurved,  Singles, 
and  Decoratives  for  the  Greenhouse 

SlioukI    be    obtained   at    once. 

Our    selection    of   best    varieties    6/"    per    dozen. 

Early  flofvering  varieties  for  the  garden  to 
be  planted  in  April  or  May.  Our  selections 
5/-    per    dozen,    or    100    in    25    sorts     for    30/- 

WELLS'      BOOK, 

"  THE  CULTURE  OF  THE  CHRYSANTHEMUM," 

in   art   paper    covers,   2/9    post   free, 
or   in   quarter  cloth,   3/10   post  free. 


Write  for  Catalogtie  and  Novelty  List,  post  free. 


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SPRING     OFFER 

OF 

FRUIT  TREES,   ROSES, 
HARDY  PERENNIALS, 

Ornamcivtal  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

We  are  now  in   a  position   to   giye   prompt   delivery. 

The  following  Illustrated  Catalogues  free  on 
request  : — 

(1)  Fruit  Trees,  Roses,  Hardy  Perennials. 

(2)  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Climbers,  etc. 

Good  specimens  of  Cedrus  Deodara,  Cupressus 
Lawsoniana,  Thuya  Lobii,  Abies  Nordmanniana, 
Evergreen  Oaks,  Green  Euonymus,  Limes,  Horse 
Chestnuts,  English  Oaks,  Turkey  Oaks,  Elms  in 
variety,  Copper  Beech,  and  other  trees  suitable  for 
Avenue  or  Ornamehtal  group  planting. 

Particulars    and    Prices   on    application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


A  Great  Free  Offer  to  Growers 

"THE    FLOWER    GROWER'S    GUIDE" 

By    JOHN    WRIGHT 

43    COLOURED    PLATES         500    ILLUSTRATIONS 

In  these  days  of  sharp  rivalry,  "THE  FLOWER  GROWER'S  GUIDE  "  will  be  necessary  for  all  who 
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efficiency,  by  which  alone  they  can  hope  to  attain  the  goal  of  their  worthy  an  bitions. 

It  will  appeal  to  thousands  of  amateurs  ;  and  to  gardeners  of  all  grades  "THE  FLOWER  GROWER'S 
GUIDE  "  will  be  acceptable,  in  fact,  to  all  who  find  flowers  interesting.  It  is  a  most  complete 
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Per   IIKI,  Doz. 

Single,    separate     colours,     bronzy    salmon,    orange     scarlet,     rose,     scarlet, 

white,    yellow Each  colour  1 5/-",  2/3 

Choice   Mixture,  e.'ctra  selected  bulbs    "f^l-,  2/- 

Choice   Mixture,  selected  bulbs 10/6  1/6 

Double,     separate     colours,     bronzy    salmon,    orange    scarlet,    rose,    scarlet, 

white,    yellow Each  colour  1 8/6  2/6 

Choice   Mixture,  extra  selected  bulbs    1  7/6  2'4. 

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x. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[February   26,   1921. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    I^ist. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed   Potato   Merchants,  YORK. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

tf    tf    if 

THE    BEST   AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 

Fancy     Fern     Pans     and 

Bulb  Bowls, 

from  4d.  each. 

No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 

RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Ruyal    Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM 


CHRYSANTHEiyiUIVIS- 

General    Catalogue    of    all     the    leading    varieties, 
also    Novelty    List,    now     ready,    post    free,    from 

KEITH     LUXFORD     &     CO., 
Sheering  Nurseries,  Harlow,  Essex. 


ALWnrS  GOOD  CBOFS 


WESTEFW  COUNTIES  3EEIl»iMtniOUas  BABN3TAPLE. 
I!" 


1  r 


THE  Slade  Frame  is  in- 
valuable to  the  amateur 
and  professional  gar- 
dener. Inexpensive,  simple 
to  construct,  portable,  easily 
dismantled,  proof  against 
damp,  vermin,  draughts  and 
all  iniurious  forces,  and  con- 
serving maximum  quantity 
of  natural  heat,  it  increases 
both  production  and  profits. 
Don't  fail  to  write  for  Booklet 
"  B "  which  gives  you  full 
particulars. 

TheSLADESYNDIGATELD. 

(Proprietors:     E.    J.    W.    Slade 

and     .M.     W.     Slade), 
35.  Surrey  Si..  Strand,  W.C.  2. 


PRICES. 


SECTTONAL 

GARDEN  FRAME 


Type  A. 
Single  Frame. 

Size:  4  ft.  by  3  It. 
by  13  ins.  by  9  ins. 
£2     9s.     6d. 


Type  A. 

Double   Frame 

Size;  8  ft.  by  3  ft. 
by  15  ins.  by  9  ins. 

£4   13s.    Od. 


All     frames   are     sent    carriage 
forward     at     consignee's      risk. 


GET  THIS   BOOK. 

"Cultivation  by   Movable  Frames," 
By  HERBHRT  COWLEY. 

Editor  of  "  The  Gaidett." 
1 1-  post  free. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


WINTER  WASH.   c:auIV,?=J;^-.u,. 

THE   MOST  EFFtCTIVE  WASH    FOR    FRUIT  TREES    Ac, 

IN    I'^e  TINS    FOR   10   TO   16  GAt-LS   OF  WASH. 
WORM    KILLER.     LAWN   SAND    A    GARDEN    SUNDRIES. 


anlrAdtfress:TaMLINSaN  IiHAVWARD  LT>  klMCOLH. 


Eggs 


^         From  High  Fecurd  Layers  of  First-grade 

_  **        Esgs  mated   to   Male   B^rds  bred  from 

A  L^  I  ^  |-  ^       dams  with  pullet  year  records  200  &  over 

^—  White  Leghorns.    Light  Sussex. 

Egcs  12'6,  1516.  Chicks  31 /-per  dcjz. 

A  limited  n  imbe'  of  Eggs  from  Special  Birds.     30  -  &  42,-  per  doz. 

G.GORDON  GRAY,  LTD., Deansbrook  P.F.,  Thaxted,  Essex. 


ROBERT  VEITGH  &  SON, 

Royal  Nurseries  &  High  Street, 
EXETER. 


VEGETABLE  and  FLOWER  SEEDS 

Veilch's  Special  Introductions  of  their  own  raising, 
and  many  Novelties  of  Exceptional  Merit. 

Hardy  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees,  Roses,  &g. 

Fruit    Trees,     Herbaceous    Plants. 
Landscape     Gardening. 

ALL  CATALOGUES  FREE  ON   APPLICATION. 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES,    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK     PLANTS, 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY  MONDAY    WEDNESDAY   &  FRIDAY    by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

at  their  Central  Sale   Rooms, 

67     &     68,     CHEAPSIDE,     E.G. 2 

Catalogues   on  Application. 

SWEET  PEA   PLANTS. 

NOVELTIES  (stocks  limited).— Austin  Frederick 
Imp.,  Gladys,  Lavender  Belle,  Hawlmark 
Lavender,  Royal  Salute  per  doz.         3/6 


Hawlmark   Pink         ,,  2/- 

A.  Ireland,  Brocade,  Daisybud,  Doris..  ,,  1/3 

A.  Malcolm,  Elegance,  Hope,  Valentine,  &c.  ,,  1 /- 

Cecily,  Charity,  Mrs.  C.  P.Tomltn,  &c.  ,,  9d, 

Barbara,    C.    Hinton,    R.    F.    Felton,    Royal 

Purple,  Warrior,  &c.  .  .  ,,'  6d. 

Elsie  Herbert,  John    Ingman,  &c.  „  4d. 

A/so  Sweet  Pea.  Antirrhinum  and  Vegetable  Seeds. 

CATALOGUE     POST     FREE. 

T.     H.     DIPNALL,     F.R.H.S., 

SHELLEY    SWEET    PEA    FARM,    near    HADLEI6H,    SUFFOLK. 


You,    Your    Friend,    and     Your    Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss 
the    Important  and    Beautiful  Numbers  of 

THE  GARDEN 

i 


that  are   to  appear  during  this  year. 


'C/ie  surest   and  simplest    way  of  promptly  securing  c 
copy  of  eoery  issue  is    to  fill  up  the  form  printed  below 


CUT   HERE. 

To  Messrs 

Newsagents, 

or  The  Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,  London,  W.C. 2. 

Please    send    me,    by    Post,    "The    Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.Oi 

for being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 

Name 

Address   

19 

Inland  Subscription,  Foreign  and  Colonial  Subscriptions,   17/4  per  annum;   6  months.  8  8.  including  Postage. 


February  2(),    1921  ] 


THE     GARDEN. 


«^WMW«M 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VAR^  ING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG,  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL.  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT    ATTENTION 


38  000  SOLD 


CAN      BE     ERECTED     AND     SET 
WORKING     IN     A     FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

6S,  65a,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.I 


Seasonable  Wants 


WILLIS     BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


NOT    A    SUBSTITUTE.    BUT    A 

REAL    MANURE 

for  digginj^  in   or  as  top  dre<;'^rng. 

NO    STABLE    MANURE    REQUIRED. 

1  cwt.  17,6;    A  cwt.  10;-:  28  lb.  5/6    £16  10s.  per  ton 

Carriage  Paid. 


VINE    MANURE 

and  Vine  Border  Compound,  Coarse  or  Fine. 
30/-  per  cwt. ;    16/-  J  cwt. 

RUSSIAN    MATS 

New,  just  arrived.     Size  about  7  ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in. 
Limited  supply,  42/-  per  doz.,  carriage  paid. 


WILLIS    BROS.' 
WINTER   WASH 

For  spraying  Fruit  Trees,  prepared  from  recipe  of 
celebrated  Canadian  Apple  Grower,  who  is  noted 
for  his  clean  fruit  and  orchards. 


10/'6  per  gat. 
Carriage  Paid. 


50,-  5  gals. 
Tf  Its  inchtded. 


WILLIS  BROS. 


Horiicultural   Manure 

Mamtfaciurerfi, 
HARPENDEN,  HERTS. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED, 

—A  thoroughly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J,  Cook, 
is  now  ready.  Price  23.  6d.  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  ie 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20. 
ravistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


No.  80 


No.  80.— This  is  an  Ideal  Frame  for 
Allotment  Holders  and  Smallholders 
Size,  4  ft.  9  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.  Sides  9  in. 
high.  Painted  two  coats  and  glazed  with 
1 5  oz.  glass.  Frames  also  supplied  in 
other  styles  and  sizes. 
Price:  £3    16s.  Od.,  including  packing. 

No.  H.  75— The  fronts  are  11  in.  high, 
backs  22  in.  high.  The  frame  is  1  in. 
thick  and  the  lights  1^  in.,  glazed  with 
15  oz.  glass,  and  painted  two  coats. 
1-Light  Frame,  4  ft.  by  6  ft.  £6  10s.  Od. 
2-Light  Frame.  8  ft.  by  6  ft.  £9  5s.  Od, 
3-Lighi  Frame.  1 2  ft.  by  6  ft.  £  1  2  2s.  6d. 
All  prices  include  packing. 


B.  &  P.  GARDEN 
FRAMES  ARE 
KNOWN  FOR 
LONG  SERVICE. 

B.  &  P.  Horticultural  Frames 
are  the  most  wonderful  value 
offered  to  the  Small  Gardener 
or  Allotment  Holder  to-day. 
They  are  made  of  the  highest 
grade  materials  throughout 
every  detail  of  their  produc- 
tion in  our  Norwich  Shops  ; 
and  are  built  to  withstand 
the  weather  vagaries  year 
in  and  year  out. 

These  frames  are  thoroughly 
practical  in  design,  and  are 
offered  at  the  lowest  possible 
prices,  consistent  with  a  high 
standard  of  workmanship,  and 
our  world-wide  reputation  (or 
quality. 

Write  to  us  fully  ;  we  can  meet  all 
your  requirements  ;  and  we  will 
send  you  our  free  list  of  Garden 
Frames     and     Small     Greenhouses 

CARRIAGE   PAID  TOi  ANY  STATION 
IN    ENGLAND    AND    WALES 


•^  Enquiries  invited  for  Greenhouses,  Conserva- 
tories, Vinery  Ranges,  Peach  Houses,  Carnation 
Houses,  Heating  Systems,  Garden  Frames,  etc. 
of  all   descriptions,  with   requisite   accessories. 

TELEGRAMS  :  LONDON    OFFICII  ; 

BOULTON,  NORWICH     \  Cllicf  OfficC  &  WofUs  ^    "5"^'  ^J"""  VICTORIA  ST. 

■      Telegrams:  E.C.« 

"oTwIcH        85,      ^NORWICH;     """TIQUE,    CENmi     LONDON 
NORWICH         851  ^^  .     Telephone:    CENTRAL    4642 


'PRODUSO* 


From  :  — 

SEEDSMEN  and 
NURSERYMEN 

or  direct. 
TINS   Sd.   EACH   (1/3    post   free). 
71b  .141b..'JSlb...'i61b.,lcwt.b.igs 
3  -.  5/9,  9  6.  17/6.  30/-  each. 

Bags  Free,  Carriage  Paid. 
HUNTER  &  GOW  LTD.,  28, 1 HOMAS  ST.,  LIVERPOOL. 


THE  FINEST 
&  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
FERTILIZER 
FOR    ALL    CROPS, 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  your  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
or  games  let  us 
know. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed, 
Practical  advice  given  FREE, 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


garden; 

SUPPLIES  Ld, 
Cranmer  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


Xll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[February   26,    1921.' 


C529. 
Price  was  8/11 
"ZERO"  PRICE 


"ZERO  "BOOT SALE 
BARGAINS 

During  our  "Zero  "'Sale,  now  running,  nil 
prices  have  been  reduced  to  the  limit.  A 
reduction  of  1  5%  (3/-ofF  every  pound)  is  now- 
offered  on  all  Catalogue  Prices.  Send  for 
special  list  of  Sale  Bargains,  and  also  a  copy 
of  our  1 1 2  page  Catalogue  of  BOOTS,  CLOGS 
and  OILSKINS. 


are  made  of  good  grain  leather,  lined  with  felt. 
Soles  are  of  Wood.    Well  finished  and  useful. 

No.  C.^29.     For  Men  and  Women. 
Former  price  8111.  "Zero"  Price  7/6  Post  Paid. 

No.  C524.     Same  Clog  but  in  Lacing  Style. 
Sizes  2  to  5,  7/11,  "Zero"  Price  5/11  Post  Pd. 
Sizes6  to  11,  8/6,  "Zero"  Price  6/11    „ 
Children's  Sizes?  to  10,  5/6,  "Zero"  Price  3/1 1. 
„    II,  12,  13  and  1,  6/6  now  4/11. 

Send  for  our  free  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 


Fumigator 


N' 


Introduced    1885. 

rOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  a" 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
\egetation ! 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  1  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 
in  this  Fumigator  1 

Prices.— No.  1  >  for  Frames  and  '"Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft..  lOd.  each  ;  No.  2,  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 
1  500  cubic  ft.,  1  (3  each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses   from    2,000  to  2,500  cubic  ft.,   1/9  each. 


RegisterrJ  Tr.ide  Mark  62y5. 


((  TC'M  A  "V  "     ^^^  ^^'^  *■"'  '^°"  Succesaful 

1  lLi>l/\iV        GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME.MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It  is   rapidly  taking  the   place  of  all  Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Graftirg  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1/6,3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  AlsoinbulU  at  reduced  rates 

«.SE      CORRY'S     CELEBRATED      CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER   DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 


Pint.       Quart.  i-Clll.      1  Call. 

,ch       2|3         3,9  6/-         11/. 

SOLD    BY  THE    TRADE 

Manufactured   by  CORRY    & 


3  Gall.        SGM.    lOOall 
25/6         40/-         76/- 

OENERALLY. 

CO.,   Ltd.,   London 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR    BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Hartey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2s.  6d.  net ; 
cloth  39.  6d.  net ;  postage  4d.  extra.— Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  CotiNTR-r  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 


THE  MOST  PERFECT 

FERTILIZER 

FOR 


GREENHOUSES. 
GARDENS. 
LAWNS.  C: 


PATEN 


THE  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY      AND      CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-nioukl.  reaJv  for  use  at  .my  time,  in  thcs:ime  way,  anU  for  all  rurposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels equallin*;  15cwts.l.  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultaral  Bocioty.  ■■Yt)ur  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley.  and  I  am  pleased  tn  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  ve^ietables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out'in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  Wii.ks.  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  tiiviitf;  ftill  fmrfictiliir^  and  tefitimouiijls  sent  on  receipt  (f  postcard. 

%m^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS     GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  "VQ 

Prices,  including  bags.  1  bushel  2/3.  4  bushels  6/-.  5-4  bushels  28/9.  10-4  bushels  SS/-,  20-4  bushels  100/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  tor  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Guaran- 
teed Analvsis  free.     Price,  including  bafis 
14  lb.  bag,  3/3  ;   56  lbs.,  11/6;    1  cwt.,  22/- 
Best  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam,   4./.,  and   Leaf   .Mould,   4/6.     Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 
Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.     Basic  Slag,  9/6.     Superphosphates,  1  3/6.     Bone 
.Meal,  24/-,     Kainit,  11/6  per  cwt.     Bulb  Fibre,  3/6  per  bushel. 

St'f  Free  BnnliUt  ,is  .jhiii,-  for  /^rice-:  of  ^ituiUcr  qtiautifie^,  il'so  other  nonotls. 

WAKELEY     BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,    LONDON,      S.E.I. 


Published  by  "  Country  Life," 


THE   CLOCHE   CLIP 


PATEN  TED 
IN  THE  U.K. 
&     ABROAD. 


THE    CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 


FOR    making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants, 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.    Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used,  also  old  photographic  plates.     The  Clip  will 
make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can  be  handled  without  falling  apart. 
Price7/-doz.    Postage:  9d.  Idoz^  1/-2doz. ;  over  2doz.  Carriage  Paid.    Cash  with  order, 

Part'cuhirfi  and  designs  of  Cloches  in  various  shapes  will  be  sent  on  application. 

THE    CLOCHE     CLIP     CO.,     94,     Woodbridge      Road,     Qulidford,     Surrey 


BENTLEY'S 
Concentrated  Alkali 

(WINTER    WASH) 

A  highly  effective  and  most  popular  Winter 
Wash  for  Fruit  and  Forest  Trees  of  every  kind, 
/n  tins  sufficient  to  make  22  galls,  of  Wash. 

1    to  5  tins,  3/7  each.  8  tins,  3/5  each. 

12  tins,  3/3  each.  20   tins  3/1   each. 

40  tins,  2/11   each. 

Carriage  paid  on  201-  orders  and  upwards. 


WEED   DESTROYERS 
DAISY  KILLER  (LAWN  SAND) 
INSECTICIDES        FUNGICIDES 
FUMIGANTS  FERTILIZERS 

Catalogue  on  Application. 


Sole  Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 

CHEMICAL    WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,  HULL. 


cts  there  f  »j 

and  makes  the  Garden  ^^^^1^:1, 
gay  all  the  year  round  r,^~;^:{rY' 


Sold  everywhare  for  H«rtioullural  purposes  in  PACKETS  lOd.  4  1/8,  and 
,„  BRANDED  *  SEALED  BAGS :  7  lbs  .  4/.  ;  14  lbs    7/.  ;  2S  lbs.   1*-;  56 'bs^?*'";  ''^  J^'- '"'-I  °; 
dire  t  from  the  Works.  Carriaee  Paid  in  the  United  hingdom  for  Cash  with  Order  (except  PACkETSI 


v.K'  «■  eo-e  •''.' 


^3,  STRATrORl),  LONDON. E. 


Limited,  at  20.  Tavistock  Street,  Strand.  W.C.2,  and  by  George  Newnes.  Limited. 
nna   Printed  hv  The  Avenue  Press,  .V'i  &  57.   Drury  Lane,  London.  \V  .C.2 


;-ll.  Southampton  Street,  Strand  W.C.'i, 


THE 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


ral 


WOODLAND 


/o\.  LXXXV.— No.  2572. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,     March    5,     1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  IHREEPLNCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4;    Foreign.    17M 


ONE    OF    THE    EARLIEST    SHRUBS    TO    OPEN. 
A  double-flowered,  purple-leaved  Plum. 


MERRYWEATHER'S    FRUIT   TREES 

Do  not  fail  to  plant  the  following, 
unquestionably  two  of  the  finest  fruits  in  cultivation : 
APPLE— BRAMLEY'S   SEEDLING,   the  finest   profitable  apple  in  cultivation 
fruit  wonderful  sii-e.  skin  lively  green,  changing  to  yellow,  with  bright  red  cheek-  flesh 
hrm,  crisp,  sub-acid,  very  juicy,  and  flavour  when  cooked  without  equal      Will  keen  till 
May  or  June. 

DAMSON— MERRYWEATHER.      This  has  caused  a  revolution  in  Damsongrow- 

ing,  the  growth  IS  very  similar,  and  as  vigorous  as  Victoria  plum.  Unlike  all  Damsons  it 
commences  to  fruit  on  two  or  three  year  old  trees.  The  fruit  is  of  wonderful  size,  and  trtie 
Damson  Havour.     Could  readily  be  taken  for  a  late  Plum,  until  tasted. 

Send  '/or    Particulars. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &     SONS,    LTD., 
Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

BARR'S    CHOICE     FLOWER    SEEDS 

FOR     PRESENT     SOWING. 

BEGONIA,  New  Narcissus-Flowered,  a  remarkable  new  rac-^  of  tuberous-rooted 
Begonias  producing  flowers  resembling  in  shape  a  DOL  BLE  TRU.MPET 
DAFFODIL,  the  inner  petals  being  joined  into  a  large  double  corona 
with  petals  elegantly  waved  and  frilled  at  margin  ;  in  colour  the  flowers 
range  from  light  to  <lark  yellow,  orange,  buff,  blush,  rose,  dark  red 
and  scarlet.     About  60  per  cent,  of  the  seedlings  come  true  to  form    .... 

CELSIA  cretica.  Cliveden  Variety,  a  graceful  plant,  producing  in  summer  long 
spikes  of  dainty  flowers,  yellow  with  a  small  braxin  spof  at  base  and 
soft  inauvc-coloured  anthers,  sweetly  scented,  a  handsome  plant  for 
pots  and  borders,  h.h.p.,  2i  ft 

IRIS,  chrysographis,  a  lovely  Chinese  species  with  flowers  of  intense  violet- 
purple  with  a  central  line  of  gold  down  each  fall,  very  beautiful 
h.p..  2fi  ft.      Award  of  Merit  R.H.S ' 

Descriptirye  Catalogue  of  other  choice  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application. 

BARR     &     SONS, 


pkts. 

s.:d. 


11,      12      &     13,       KINO      STREET, 
COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is    cordially    invited    to   inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.    Albinos  in  warm  and   cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     ther   good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO..  "  h^eatS"^ 
FLOWER    SEEDS. 

The  Ipswich  Hardy  Plant  and  Seed  Specialists, 

wkh  a  reputation  of  70  years  to  uphold,  offer  a  large  selection  of 
Choice  Seeds,  including  the  Best  Annuals  and  the  Seeds  of 
manj'Rare   Plants  not  offered  elsewhere. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDS.      Specially  selected  stocks. 

SEED   POTATOES.      Guaranteed  Scotch  and  once  grown   at  low  prices 

HARDY   PLANTS.       Pre-War  quality  at  Pre-War  prices 

FRUIT  TREES.       Large  fruiting,  5/-  each. 

CATAIOGUES  on  application  to 

THOMPSON    &    MORGAN,    IPSNA/ICH. 


THE     GARDEN, 


[March  5,    192 1. 


"THE    GARDEN'    CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  lirms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Champion    Decorative   Rose    Grower    of   England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain. 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 

KELWAY  &   SON  Hardy  Plants 

Retail  Plant  Department  Colour  Borders 

LANGPORT,  SOMERSET  Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
01  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWERINQ      SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 
ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM   &    SON 

Nurseries 
ELSENHAM»    ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Swaet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


J.  jEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable  &  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Scotch    Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All  Qarden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
IVIanufacturers 
of   Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


HY.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 
Skeldergate  Bridge  Works, 
YORK. 


Lawn,  Qarden, 
Fruit  Tree,  and 
Horticultural 
Fertilisers 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

write  us 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape   &   Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show.  1912. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i 

Tel.  No. :  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


J.    CHEAL   &    SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Treee  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerr.\rds  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St., London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.    42 

Post  Free 


WANTED,     the    following     Volumes     of 

"  THE  GARDEN,"  bound  or  unbound;  Vol.  68,  July-Dec, 
1905 ;  Vol.  69,  Jan.-June,  1906 ;  Vol.  70,  July-Dec,  1906; 
Vol.  71,  Jan.-DfC,  1907;  Vol.  75,  Jaa.-Dec,  1911;  Vol.  76, 
Jan.-Doc,  1912.  State  particulars  to  B.,  THE  GARDEN,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 


"VIBURNUM     FRAGRANS,"    a    new    and 

hpauiiful  winter  flowering  shrub,  iutroducod  from  Cliina  by 
Mr.  F;irnT  ;  prarl  pink  flowers,  beautifully  scented  ;  small 
plants,  4  or  5  inches  high,  in  pots,  5/-  each, — R.  C.  NOTCCTT, 

The  Nursery,  Woodbridge. 


ALPINE    AND   HERBACEOUS   PLANTS. 


Descriptive  Catalogue-Guide   for   1921. 

All   plants   carefully  described,  with   heights,   times 
of  flowering,  and  some  Cultural  Notes.      Write  : — 

MAXWELL     &    BEALE, 

BROADSTONE,     DORSET. 


SOW 

"hawlmark 

SEEDS 

DICKSONVHawlmark"  BELFAST. 


& 


Forest  and  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Roses,  etc., 
grown  in  most  exposed  situation  on  heavy  soil, 
therefore  the  hardiest  procurable,    [u. 

Every  Requisite  for  Forest,  Farm  &  Garden. 

Garden  Seeds  of  specially  selected  strain. 

Catalogues  on  application.  Mention  paper. 


SAMSONS     LIMITED, 

NURSERYMEN    &    SEEDSMEN, 
Established  1759.  KILMARNOCK. 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS, 

General    Catalogue    of    all    the    leading    varieties,, 
also    Novelty    List,    now     ready,    post    free,    from 

KEITH     LUXFORD     &     CO., 
Sheering  Nurseries,   Harlow,  Essex. 

ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The  finest  stock  in  the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


'To  Lovers  of  the  Garden  Beautiful." 


600  Illustrations  from  life  of  Hardy  FioweriDg 
Slirubs,  Triis,  Climbirs,  PLints  for  the  Waterside, 
Shrubbery,  Avenue,  Woodland,  Bog,  Bamboo, 
Dell  and  Rock  Qarden,  with  description  and 
notes  as  to  planting.     Copies  gratis  on  application. 


V.  N.  GAUNTLET!  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
Japanese  Nurseries, 

CHIDDINGFOLD,  Surrev.       (Carriage  Paid.) 


DELPHINIUMS. 

BLUE  BIRD,  AM.   1 920.    Each 

For  Autumn  delivery       ...         ...     10/6 

THE    ALAKE. 

Very  strong.    Special  offer        ...         2  6 


R.    TUCKER     &     SONS, 

OXFORD. 


March  5,   1921.I 


GARDEN. 


-y^- 


'sm^       ^ 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shrubs,  Japanese  Cherries,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects. 
—John  Wateker,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Tbe  Nurseries, 
Bagshot,  Surrey.  


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 

SEEDS.  Scotcli  arown  see.l  Potatoes  


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND   HERBACEOUS 

PL.-VNTS,    in  tlie  new  ami    leadins;    varieties   of    Delpliinijms, 
Pllloxes.  Irises.  


WATERERS'  FRUIT  TREES.  —  Magni- 
ficent stocli  of  2.10,000  trees.  Prospective  purchasers  arc 
Invited  to  select  personally  at  Twyford  Xurseries. 


WATERERS'     ROSES.  —  Superb     Slock.  — 

John  Watkreu,  Sons  <<:  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Twyford,  Berks 


GREENHOUSE    PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

— "  VITllOLITE '•  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  £3s.  per 
gall.  Cans  e.xtra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  per 
cwt.  Kego  extra. — Full  particulars  from  WilTER  CiRSON  A- 
Sons,  Grove  Works,  Battcrsea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Cilinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Eecthe,  Eeston 
Kent.  


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
manure.    See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New   Descriptive    List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate 
6d.  post  free. — The  Burbage  Nurseries,  near  Hinclcley, 
Leicestershire.     Established  1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.   4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  Wm.  Duncan  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15.  


FOR  SALE.— LE  VALNORD,  GUERNSEY  ; 

three  reception   rooms,  four  bedrooms,  attics,  etc. ;    in  about 
five  acres. — Apply  A.  M\RTis  &  Son,  Estate  Agents,  Guernsey, 


SWEET    PEAS.— Before   placing   your   order 

see  Storrie's  unique  multum  in  parvo  pages,  embracing  a  complete 
representative  collection  in  systematic  colour  groups,  guiding 
rather  than  confusing  the  prospective  purchaser.  The  expert 
as  well  as  tho  amateur  will  appreciate  this  list.  The  method  of 
colour  grouping  is  original  and  entirely  our  own.  This  list  post 
free  on  application.  Storrie  and  Storrie,  Florists  Department, 
Nurseries,  Glen^'arse,  Perthshire. 


MESSRS.  OLIVER  &  HUNTER'S  NEW  SEED 

CAT.\L0GUE  for  1921  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  postage 
free  to  all  those  interested  in  sardenin?.. — Write  to-day  to 
The  Seed  *  Nursery  Estahlishment,  lloniaive,  N.B. 


ALSTROMCERIA       CLUMPS,       ORIENTAL 

POPPIES.     RED    HOT     POKER,    all    9/-    per    doz.       Good 
flowerins!  stuff. — Thomas,  Trcwince,  Portscatho,  Cornwall. 


PERGOLA  POSTS.— 500  S.  Fir  posts,  8  to  14ft., 

top  diameter,  9ins.,  last  best  in  the  ground,  give  e.xcellent 
results.  Long  poles,  for  tops  and  cross-bars,  4ins.  to  6ins. 
diameter,  all  at  625.  6d.  per  ton.  Truck  loads  about  4  tons. 
Free  on  rail.  Ready  for  immediate  despatch.  Rural  Indus- 
TEtES.  Limited,  Cheltenham.  


MINIATURE      JAPANESE       GARDENS     of 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  Also  Japanese  miniature 
figures,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
this  paper.  Fekrest  and  Ward,  34d,  High  Street,  Beckenham, 
Kent. 


MORRIS'S    LIVE    SEEDS.— And    yet    again 

eliminate  uncertainty  and  reap  full  benefit  of  your  labours  by 
sowing  Morris's  Live  Seeds.  Highest  grade  strains.  Reasonable 
■prices.  Catalogues  free.  Shallots,  141b.  for  5/3,  carriage 
paid. — Morris's  Seed  Stokes,  225,  Bristol  Street,  Birmingham. 
Established  189c>.     A^Miits  wanted. 


PRIZE     BEGONIAS,     GLADIOLI,     MONT- 

BRETIAS,  LILIES,  etc.,  best  varieties,  moderate  prices.  Lists 
free.  Lily  of  the  Valley,  8/6  100. — Morris's,  225,  Bristol 
Street,  Birmingham. 


BUSH   ROSES.  —  Herriot,   G.   Dickson, 

McArthur,  Draschki,  ■  Testout,  Avoca,  Laurent  Carle,  K.  A. 
Victoria,  >[rs.  A.  Ward,  Grolez,  Harr>'  Kirk,  Sutherland; 
correctly  labelled  ;  18s.,  carriage  paid. — MORRIS'S,  225,  Bristol 
Street.  Binnini-'h;im. 


FERTILISERS.— Lawns    (25/-),  Fruit  Trees, 

Vines  (23/6),  General  Garden  Use  (2i;-),  and  all  other  fertilisers. 
— HY.  RicH.\RDSON  iS  Co.,  Skeldergate  Bridge  Works,  York. 


BARR'S  SEED  GUIDE  (Free).- For  the  best 

Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of  finest  selected  strains  and 
tested  growth.  At  the  R.H.S.  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable 
Seeds  liave  received  exceptional  recognition  for  high  quality, 
receiving  First-Class  Certificates,  Awards  of  Merit,  and  many 
Highly'  Commended. 

BARR'S    BEAUTIFUL    LILIES,    GLADIOLI, 

CANNAS,  DAHLIAS.  MONTBRETIAS,  TIGBIDIAS, 
TUBEROSES,  .-tc.  for  Spring  planting.  Descriptive  Catalogue 
free. — Barr  tt  Sons,  King  street.  Covent  Garden.  London. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  th^ 
sensation  of  the  ]920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  6d.  and  5s. — J,  DOUGLAS,  Grcr^t  Bookham. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Bui'ders    of   Conser- 

vatoiies,  Greenhouses,  etc..  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London.  S.W.3.  Wire  :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  ;  Kensington  90  A  91. ^ 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser  ; 
no  solids;  no  open  filters;  perfectly  automatic;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — WiLllAM  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvi'iior  Place,  "Westminster. 


IRON    AND    WIRE    FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arclies,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  k?nnel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Eoulton  &  PAUL,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  No^^ich. 


CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  et«.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  COLE  &  Son,  Chrysarthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9;  quarts,  3/-; 
^.-gallon,  4/9  ;  l-gallon,  7/- ;  5-EalIons.  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers:  MoDODQALL 
Bros..' Ltd. ,t Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 

RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &.  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house;  separate  parts  supplied, 
Vanguard,  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipes. 
Joints,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free. — Thomas  Jeayons, 
Silver  Street  Works,  Brierley  Hill. 


KING'S    ACRE    SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  WTite 
for  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliabilitv. — KING'S  Acre  Nurseries,  Limited,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  lat-est  novelties  in  flowers  and  vegetables, 
including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  l}d.  postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND  STRAWBERRIES.  New  catalogue,  containing 
novelties,  gratis.  Hints  on  planting  and  pruning,  2d. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford.        


PAVING.  —  Crazy    and     Rectangular    Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  otiier  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens.  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry,"  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  qiiantities  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — HorsoN  t&  Son,  58,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham^ 


RARE    ALPINES,— Cotyledon    simplicifolius, 

Is.  ;  Dianthus  neglectus,  9d. ;  Ccrastlum  vilosum  9d. ; 
Delphinium  tatsienense.  Is. ;  Hypericum  cuneatum,  Is.  3d. ; 
Pcntstemon  linarioides,  9d. ;  Sedum  pilosum  6d. ;  Lychnis 
alpina,  6d. ;  Haageana,  9d. ;  Arkwrighti,  Is. ;  Gypsophila 
arctioides,  9d.  (See  article  on  page  106  of  last  week's  issue.) — 
R.  Tucker  A  Sons,  Nurserymen,  Oxford. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS      SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — Tfrey  Lee,  Ifi,  Mordcn  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


FLOWER    POTS.— 10  8in.,  15  6in.,  15  sin., 

15  4in.,  15  31n.,  complete,  packed  free,  15s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free.-^THOS. .  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brierley 
Hill. 


SUTTON'S   VEGETABLE   SEEDS. 

PEA— SUTTON'S  SELECTED    "DUKE   OF   ALBANY." 
The  .Amateur's  Pea  yar  excellence.     Yields  au  abundant  crop  of 
superb  flavour.      Per  pint,  2/6  ;  quart,  4/6. 
SUTTON  &  SONS,  THE    KING'S   SEEDSMEN,    READING. 


KELWAY'S    PEONIES.— NOW    IS    THE 

TI.ME  TO  PLANT.  AS  BEAUTIFUL  AS  ROSES,  BUT  AS 
HARDY  AS  THE  DOCK.  HAVE  YOU  TRIED  THEM? 
As  one  walks  through  a  border  of  KELWAY'S  PEONIES 
oue  can  easily  imagine  that  they  are  roses — giant  roses — 
their  delicious  scent,  their  creamy-tinted  petals  flushed  with 
pink,  and  th  -ir  bright  dark  foliage  are  exceptionally  delightful. 
WRITE  TO  KELWAY'S  NOW,  and  procure  strong 
named  plants  for  immediate  planting,  then  you  will  be  rewarded 
with  good  clumps  and  beautiful  blossoms  in  early  summer. 
KELWAY  &.  SON,  THE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURISTS, 
LANGPORT,    SOMERSET. 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  ORDER  KELWAY'S 

LOVELY  GLADIOLI  for  spring  planting.  Our  reputation  as 
growers  of  these  beautiful  autumn-Howering  bulbs  extends  over 
a  period  of  sixty  years,  and  as  our  bulbs  are  of  our  own  growing 
at  Langport,  customers  are  assured  of  fine  hardy  specimens.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  remind  prospective  buyers  of  the  glorious  com- 
binations of  colour  which  are  now  obtainable,  more  especially  in 
our  Langprim  strain,  but  we  would  advise  writing  ai  once  for 
our  price  list  to  the  Retail  Plant  Department  Kelway  and  Son, 
Langport,  Somerset, 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN, 

Edinburgh,  will  send  a  copy  of  their  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  paper  is  mentioned 


BATH'S   SELECT  SEEDS   AND  PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application, 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  E.  H.  BATH, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.      Our  unique  publication,  "irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  applicatioa      


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 


PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S    RHODODENDRONS    AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.  —  R.   WALLACE  &  Co.,  LTD.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,    NESTING    BOXES.      Catalogue     (No.    4)    free.— 
MooRTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chisftiek. 


CRANSTON'S   FAMOUS   ONIONS:   i;eady  for 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autunm-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Rousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants. 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Oflenham,  Wheeler's  Imperial,  Red 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application. — KINQ'S 
ACEB  Nurseries,  Ltd.,  Hereford  (late  Cranston's). 


RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY   PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  *c.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  invited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  &c.— GilLUJi  (Garden  Dept.),  WelJesley  Court 
Road,  Croydon. 


HARDY  ORCHIDS. — Cypripedium  pubescens, 

0.  spectabile.  Orchis  foliosa,  2/6  each;  O.  latifolla,  9d. ;  O. 
maculata,  6d. ;  O.  mascula,  6d. ;  Ophrys  apifera,  9d. ;  Epipactls 
gigantea,  1/6;  E.  latifolja,  6d.  Descriptive  catalogue  free. — 
BowELL  A  Skarratt,  NuTscrJe.^,  Clioltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S  "  FUMERS "  &  INSECTI- 
CIDE "  Sheets  "  for  greenhouse  fumigation  ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
MoDODGALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES.— Duke  of  York, 

Express,  Eclipse,  Midlothian  Early,  Llewellyn,  May  Queen, 
Ninetyfold,  Great  Scot,  Kerr's  Pink,  Loehar,  Templar,  Tinwald 
Perfection,  Dargil  Early,  Arran  Comrade,  King  George  V.  Ediell 
Blue,  King  Edward  VII  (regenerated),  British  Queen,  Arian 
Rose,  Rhoderick  Dhu,  K.  of  K.,  Bioomflcld'.  etc.  Catalogue 
of  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application. — TILLIE, 
Whtte  &  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV  Bridge 
Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


FIDLER'S    NEW   ILLUSTRATED   GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  NOW 
RE\DY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  FiDLEB  *  Soss,  Royal 
Berkshire  Seed  Stores,  Reading. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March    5,   1921. 


RYDERS 

RELIABLE    NOVELTIES 


Ryders  Oval  Beet. 


A  splendid  perfectly  oval-shaped  root  of  the 
darkest  blood-t  ed  colour,  which  matures  very 
early.    6d.  &  1/-  per  packet. 


Rajah  Runner  Bean. 


The  hnest  Runner  Bean  in  commerce.  It  is 
equally  valuable  for  exhibition  as  for  general 
purposes.  The  be.ms  are  very  king,  straight, 
of  delicate  flavour,  and  exceptionally  produc- 
tive.    1/-  per  J-pint. 


Brussels  Sprouts. 


kyders  Early  Perfection  produces  large,  firm 
buttons  early  in  September,  and  continues  till 
well  into  the  New  Year.     6d.  &  1/-  per  p.icket. 

Iceland  Poppies. 

Ryders  Giant  is  a  new  race  with  all  the 
characteristics  of  giant  Iceland  Poppies,  but 
are  perennial.     6d.  iS;  I/-  per  packet. 

Waved  Nasturtiums. 

Tom  Thumb  varieties  which  have  fascinat- 
ingly waved  leaves.  In  five  distinct  colours 
and  mixed.     2d.  per  packet. 


Richardia  Elliottiana. 

Large    Ho\\'ering   Iiulbs   of    this    magnificent 
"Yellow   Arum,"   1/9    each.       20-   per  doz. 

The  above  are  only  a  few  of  the  Season's  Novelties 
offered  in  RYDERS  FREE  CATALOGUE. 

Everjthing  for  the  Garden— SEEDS,  BULBS,  PLANTS, 

TREES    and    SHRUBS.      MANURES   of   the  highest 

quality  and  at  low  prices  from 

RYDERS,  Seed  Dept.  11.  ,ST.  ALBANS 

(KyJiT  <-.  Soil  ll!l:Vt,  I.lil.t 


i  W^      GIANT 
||^         SWEET  PEAS 

Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM. 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  the  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  possess  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named  5/6 

18           ..                   ..               ..  8'- 

24            ..                   ..  10/6 

30           ..                 ..              ..  12,6 

«           ..  17/6 

SO           ..                 ..  22/6 

POST  FREE  FOR  CA!,H  WITH  ORDER. 
All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  m^ignificent  for  all  purposes, containing 
a  wonderful  range  of  the  most  gorgeous 
coloui^ ;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of   all  the    Finest    Svreet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.rRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.  61),   WEM,   Shropshire. 

A/so   the   finest   Flower   Seeds.    Vegetable 
Seeds.    Potatoes,   etc. 


C:in.irv     Guan:>     i 

the  ideal  food    fo' 

Tomatoes.       A 

nmlchinji  of  sandv 

loam  and  leaf  soil 

with     the    adJit  on 

of  a  .S-inch  potful  ui 

Canany  Guano  to  n 

borrow  load    of  soil 

should  beappliedevc-y 

weL-U  as  the  plants  fi  s! 

tan  strength,  and  late - 

about    a    fprtnifihc  or  so 

o\er  the  roots. 


CoHOttf 

quam 


ObtainaDie  from  all    Seedsmen   i-i 
Cartons,  1/- e  ich.     Ba«s.  71b.   3'6; 
U  .b..  6/6:  'JSIh.    11  -;  56  lb 
19,-;    I  cwt..  35'-,  each:    n 
direct  from  the  makers 
Wrifc   lo-itay  fur  PRE--: 
Booklet  Nn    11.  contiiin- 
ing    full   t>articiilars   m 
Canary      Guano,      -wit'' 
G'jriien     Diary    for    the 
Year,      host      free      on 
at>iiUcation. 
^\CHtMlLAL  UNION.  Ud. 
IPSWIlH 


is  the  seed  with  the  "growing 
reputation.  Since  1870  hundreds 
o(  Gardens  ha\eowed  their  beau- 
tiful flowerings  and  hardy  plants 
to  these  famous  seeds. 
Sow  the  seed  of  success  by  trymg  a  few 
packets  now.  Sold  in  2d.  packets,  all 
varieties,  or  by  weight.  l 

I  lluslrated  Catalogue  sent  J  ret  on  request 

SPECIAL  NOTE.   SWEET  PEAS. 

We  are  cffering  the  newest  and 

choictst     strains     of    all    superb 

varieties    recently   introduced   in 

2d.  packets  or  by  weight. 

Seeds 


14,  Holywell  Hill. 

ST.    ALBANS. 


GET  THIS 
FREE  GUIDE 


TO-DAY. 


Simply  write  a  postcard  now  for  an  absolutely  free 
copy  of  uur  heautifullj'  illustrated 

"GUIDE  TO 
GARDEN    WISDOM 
AND     GUARANTEED 
GARDEN  SEEDS." 

We  shall  be  delighted  to  send  it  to  you  absolutely 
freely,  and  without  any  sort  of  obligation  on  your  part. 
Ensures  Your  Garden  being  as  Lovely  and  as  Profit- 
able as  the  one  you  have  so  often  admired,  and  saves 
you  money,  too 

EVERY  PACKET  OF  SEEDS  ordered  thence 
MUST  grow  for  YOU  and  please  you  or  you  will  get  it 
REPLACED  FREELY.  Your  decision  is  absolutely 
final.  We  shall  not  be  there  lo  influence  you.  If  a 
Stedsman  has  not  confidence  enough  in  his  Seeds  to 
sell  them  under  a  plain  Guarantee,  they  are  obviously 
not  good  enough  for  YOUR  Garden. 

Please  post  your  card  to-day,  addressing  'us  per- 
sonally. 

TOOGOOD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 


Seedsmen    to     H.M.     the     King,     and 
Growers  or  "  Better  Crops  "  Seeds  only. 

SOUTHAMPTON. 


m^^ 


No.  2572.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[March  5,  19^1 


A  "LARGE  number  of  circulars  have  been 
posted  to  this  country  from  Continental 
firms  offering  bulbs,  plants  and  Roses 
at  what  appear  to  be  very  tempting 
prices.  Such  circulars  are  unfortunately 
very  much  on  the  increase,  and  some  of  our 
readers  who  have  sent  orders  have  been  greatly 
disappointed  at  the  results.  We  are  constantly 
receiving  enquiries  about  such  foreign  firms,  and 
our  advice  to  readers  is  that  it  is  far  better  to 
place  orders  with  British  firms  of  good  repute 
rather  than  to  be  led  away  by  tempting  foreign 
circulars.  Every  issue  of  The  Garden  contains 
advertisements  from  the  leading  firms  in  the 
horticultural  trade  in  this  country,  and  readers 
will  further  their  own  interests  by  dealing  with 
them.  Nurserymen  and  seedsmen  are  supporting 
our  efforts  to  encourage  the  revival  of  gardening 
and  in  turn  should  be  supported. 
Nigellas  for  Mixed  Borders. — 
These  hardy  annuals  are  splendid 
subjects  for  massing  well  to  the  front 
of  mixed  borders.  They  are  especially 
useful  beside  more  solid  looking 
flowers,  such  as  the  Carnation,  of 
which  the  glaucous  foliage  tones  up 
into  the  mist-like  grey-blue  flowers  of 
the  Nigella — paitly  buried  as  these 
are  among  the  feathery  foliage.  There 
are  several  varieties,  among  which 
Miss  Jekyll  is  one  of  the  best,  though 
the  white  form  and  the  Hispanica 
varieties  are  very  good.  The  seed, 
which  is  large  enough  to  be  sown 
thinly  without  difficulty,  should  be 
sown  about  mid-.\pril  and  covered 
with  a  quarter  of  an  inch  of  fine  soil. 
A  sunny,  open  position  is  desirable, 
with  a  well  dug  moderately  rich  soil, 
thinning  the  seedlings,  when  well  up, 
to  about  9  inches  apart  each  way. 

A     Neglected    Rhododendron.— 
Though  first  introduced  from  America 
in   1736,    Rhododendron  maximum   is        rhODODE 
cultivated      in      comparatively      few  A 

gardens.  A  native  of  the  United 
States,  in  a  wild  state  it  is  described  as  an  ever- 
green tree  up  to  30  feet  in  height.  Specimens  half 
this  height  are  rare  in  cultivation.  The  flowers 
are  white,  tinted  or  flushed  with  rose,  not  large, 
but  valuable  because  they  open  during  the  second 
half  of  June  and  July.  It  has  not  been  much 
used  as  a  parent  in  our  present  race  of  garden 
Rhododendrons,  but  with  the  introduction  of 
R.  auriculatum  and  R.  discolor  from  China  the 
subject  of  this  note  should  be  useful  to  cross  with 
these  spedes  with  the  idea  of  obtaining  a  summer- 
flowering  race  of  evergreen  Rhododendrons. 

A    Double-Flowered   Plum. — The   illustration 
on    the    front    cover    of    this    issue    depicts     the 


purple-leaved  Plum  (Prunus  Blireiana  fl.-pl). 
This  double  flowered  Plum  improves  as  it 
grows  bigger  and  older.  The  colouring  seems 
brighter  and  the  flowers  larger  in  every  way,  so 
that  in  a  few  seasons  it  should  be  very  attractive. 
Perhaps  the  colour  is  a  little  paler  under  glass, 
but  all  the  same  it  is  a  very  desirable  subject  for 
early  forcing,  for  though  its  colour  is  not  as  fresh 
as  P,  Mume  can  be,  it  is  more  lasting,  as  well  as  of 
greater  size  of  petal. 

Pruning  Outdoor  Vines. — Where  Grape  vines 
are  grown  outdoors  either  against  walls  or  poles 
they  should  be  pruned  without  delay,  if  not 
already  done.  If  grown  upon  the  spur  system, 
the  lateral  shoots  should  be  cut  back  to  about 
two  buds  from  the  base  :  but  if  on  the  extension 
system,  the  wood  growth  laid  in  during  the  summer 
to  take  the  place  of  those  that  bore  fruit  during 


NDRON     MAXIMUM,     FLOWERS     WHITE     FLUSH  E 
/;/  k  known  species  worthy  0/  extensive  cultivation. 

the  past  year  must  be  cut  back  to  a  plump  bud, 
leaving  about  4  feet  of  the  shoots  The  last- 
named  system  is  preferable  for  Grapes  growing 
out  of  doors,  as  the  shoots  grow  away  more  freely 
than  those  on  the  spur  system.  Should  the  Vine 
be  infested  with  red  spider,  give  the  wood  a  good 
dressing  with  a  mixture  of  water,  soft  soap  and 
flowers  of  sulphur,  with  quicklime.  The  mixture 
is  made  by  boiling  ilb.  of  sulphur  with  alb.  of 
quicklime  in  4  gallons  of  water  ;  then  to  every 
40ZS.  of  this  add  aozs.  of  soft  soap  and  i  gallon 
of  boiling  water,  thoroughly  mixing  together 
and  keeping  the  whole  stirred  when  in  use.  When 
ready  it  may  be  applied  to  the  bark  with  a  stiff 


brush  and  well  worked  in.     This  will  be  found   a 
cheap  and  effective  preparation. 

Fruit  Trees  Under  Glass.— The  remainder  of 
these  may  now  be  taken  in  hand  and  transferred 
to  their  inside  quarters.  The  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  which  have  been  housed  earlier  will 
soon  be  flowering  freely,  so  care  should  be 
taken  that  they  do  not  get  dry  at  the  roots. 
Apples  and  Pears,  after  being  pruned  and  sprayed, 
should  be  placed  in  the  coolest  corner  of  the 
house.  The  structure  should  be  kept  well  venti- 
lated, taking  care  that  the  trees  when  flowering 
are  not  subjected  to  cold  draughts. 

The  Alexandrian  Laurel. — Everyone  who  cares 
for    plants    of   interest    should    grow    this    useful 
decorative    shrub.     There    are    many    evergreens 
useful  for  decoration  during  the  winter,  but  none 
can  equal  Dana?a  Laurus,  with  its  graceful,  glossy 
shoots.     It  is  not  difficult  to  grow,  and 
when  once  established  its  elegant  shoots 
can  be  cut  quite  freely  and  will  remain 
fresh  for  a  long  time.    1 1  is  closely  allied 
to  the  Butcher's  Broom  (Ruscus  acu- 
leatus),    being    sometimes    known    as 
Ruscus  racemosus,  but  more  free  and 
graceful  in  habit,  the  rich,  glossy  colour 
of  the  leaves  and  shoots  having    the 
grace  of  the  airy  Willow,  or  Bamboo, 
with  the  glossy  green  of  the  Camellia. 
Forcing  Shrubs. — Azaleas,  Wistarias, 
Deutzias,  Viburnums  and   Rhododen- 
drons should  be  brought  into  heat  to 
keep  up  a  display,   timing  a  number 
suitable  for  Easter  decorations.  Trans- 
fer any  that  have  passed  out  of  flower 
into    a  temperate  house   to   complete 
their  growth.   Some  may  require  prun- 
ing back,  but  one's  own  judgment  will 
guide   them   regarding   this.     Syringe 
morning   and   evening,    as   this  keeps 
down  aphis  and   encourages  the  hard 
woods   to   break  more  freely. 
The    Midland    Daffodil    Show  at 
D    ROSE.        Birmingham  is  fixed  for  April  13  and 
14.     It   is  hoped   the  usual    informal 
dinner  for  members   and   their  friends 
will  take  place  on  the  evening  of  the  first  day  of 
the  show. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 

March  7. — Nottingham  Chrysanthemum  Society's 
Meeting. 

March  8. — Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Fort- 
nightly Meeting.  Lecture  by  Dr.  A.  B.  Rcndle 
at  3  p.m.  on  "  Plants  of  Interest  in  the  Day's 
Exhibition." 

March  9. — East  .Anglian  Horticultural  Society's 
Meeting. 

March  11. — Royal  Horticultural  and  Arbori- 
cuUural  I'ociety  of  Ireland  Council  Meeting. 


no 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  5,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


THE    BEGONIA    MITE. 

nPHE  note  on  the  above  subject,' by  "  C.  B." 
on  page  77,  is  timely  and  should  be  studied 
by  all  those  who  cultivate  not  only  Begonias 
and  the  other  plants  mentioned,  but  also  Strepto- 
carpus  and  Gesncriads  generally,  together  with 
Acanthads,  Bouvardias  and  Primulas.  The  pest 
is  a  species  of  Tarsonymus,  and  I  have  seen  the 
same,  or  an  allied  species,  cause  all  the  leaves  of 
Crotons  to  fall,  and  the  young  leaves  and  shoots 
of  Vines  to  cease  growing.  In  these  cases, 
spraying  with  clear  soot  water  was  found  to  be 
a  remedy.  Nowadays  dipping  the  plants,  where 
that  is  possible,  in  a  nicotine  wash  is  a  certain 
cure.  I  remember  a  case  where  a  young  gardener 
was  discharged  because  his  Gloxinias  were  a  total 
failure.  Next  year  the  plants  were  put  under 
the  charge  of  a  good  cultivator  of  soft-wooded 
plants,  but  he  got  into  the  same  difficulty  when 
a  fine  batch  was  in  full  growth,  and  came 
to  me  with  samples  of  the  leaves  to  see  if 
I  could  find  what  was  the  matter.  I  showed 
him  the  small  colourless  mites,  and  he  syringed 
the  plants  with  a  strong  solution  of  soft  soap 
and  kept  them  in  a  steamy  atmosphere  for  some 
days,  and  the  plants  completely  recovered. — H. 

SHOULD     RASPBERRY     CANES     BE 

TIPPED  ? 

T  All  bound  to  agree  with  Mr.  F.  W.  Miles  on 
this  question  (page  74).  In  my  experience 
it  is  better  to  allow  the  young  canes  to  remain 
at  full  length  than  to  shorten  them.  I  have 
noticed  that  if  a  wet  season  should  ensue  after 
the  canes  have  been  shortened  (or  "  tipped,"  as 
it  is  usually  termed)  the  young  growths  springing 
from  the  cut  portion  of  the  canes  are  very  soft. 
Of  course,  in  some  cases  the  tips  of  the  young 
canes  die  bad;  an  inch  or  so  during  winter,  and 
in  these  circumstances  I  think  it  is  better  to 
remove  such  dead  wood.- — F.  G.  Bun  van,  Laimoch 
Manor  Gardens,  Stevenage. 

TN  reply-  to  Mr.  Miles  (page  74)  re  the'  above 
practice,  my  reasons  for  so  doing  are  precisely 
the  same  for  his  not  doing  so,  i.e.,  I  consider  the 
best  results  are  obtained  by  tipping  the  canes. 
Regarding  the  actual  practice  of  tipping  (not 
always  commendable,  I  wiU  admit),  1  do  not 
wish  to  be  misunderstood  ;  I  do  not  advise  cutting 
away  good  wood  with  sound  buds  capable  of 
carrying  fruits,  but  the  weak  tips  often  to  be 
seen  on  the  tops  of  Raspberry  canes,  which  if  not 
cut  back  do  not,  in  my  opinion,  possess  sufficient 
strength  to  develop  themselves,  let  alone  throw 
out  the  finest  fruits. — H.  Turner,  .Albiiry  Park 
Gardens,  Guildford. 

POISON     OAK     AND     POISON     IVY. 

A  FRIEND  writes  me  that  the  master  of  a 
country  house  where  she  has  been  staying 
has  been  badly  poisoned  about  the  hands  and  arms 
by  the  pollen  of  Ivy,  while  cutting  away  a  quantity 
of  old  overgrown  stuff.  Is  this  possible  ?  Is 
there  anything  poisonous  or  irritating  to  the  skin 
about  the  pollen  or  any  part  of  the  common  Ivy  ? 
I  answered  that  it  seemed  so  doubtful  that  1 
thought  it  likely  that  there  may  have  been  planted 
some  years  back  among  the  Ivy,  before  the  present 
occupation,  one  of  the  poisonous  Ampelopsis, 
and  that  the  leaves  being  off  it  had  escaped  notice. 
I  hear  again,  in  confirmation  of  the  Ivy  theory, 
that  the  intense  irritation  has  been  cured  by  the  use 
of  Phillips'  Cream  of  Magnesia,  and  that  with  the 
directions  for  use  it  says  that  it  is  for,  among 
other  things,  "  Ivy  and  Oak  poisoning."  I  write 
again  saying  that  this  quotation  loads  me  to  suppose 


that  the  healing  preparation  is  of  American  origin, 
for  we  certainly  have  no  Oak  poisonous  to  the 
touch,  whereas  in  America  they  have  both  Poison 
Oak  and  Poison  Ivy  ;  though  I  believe  the  Oak  is  a 
Rhus  and  the  Ivy  an  Ampelopsis.- — G.  Jhkyli.. 

[The  common  Ivy  (Hedera  Helix)  has  long  been 
said  to  be  poisonous  and  to  contain  a  bitter 
principle  which  is  strongly  cathartic,  emetic  and 
purgative,  but  there  does  not  appear  to  be  any 
record  of  its  causing  cutaneous  eniptions.  On  the 
other  hand  the  symptoms  described  by  our  corre- 
spondent suggest  poisoning  by  one  of  the  forms 
of  Rhus  Toxicodendron,  known  under  the  names 
of  Poison  Oak,  Poison  Ivy  or  Poisonous  Vine. 
Some  years  ago  a  climbing  variety  of  this  species 
was  distributed  under  the  name  of  Ampelopsis 
Hoggii.— Ed.1 

BOX    AND    OTHER    EDGINGS. 

CIR  HERBERT  MAXWELL,  in  his  interesting 
letter  (issue  of  February  19,  page  91)  on  the 
above  subject,  has  gauged  my  mind  to  a  nicety. 
The  form  of  edging  which  he  recommends  when 
carried  out  irregularly  is  certainly  very  charming. 
Might  I  venture,  however,  to  suggest  that  he 
consider  the  advisability  of  coming  a  step  further 
forward  with  some  of  his  bulbs  and  plant  them 
among  such  subjects  as  the  Mossy  Saxifrages, 
What  is  more  charming  than,  say.  Iris  reticulata 
or  Crocus  spcciosus  flowering  amid  the  green  of  the 
former — little  chance  of  inadvertently  digging  up 
the  bulbs,  no  soiled  blooms,  and  three  harvests 
of  flowers   on  the  same  spot. — Formakin. 

THE    COLOURS    OF    EARLY     SPRING 

FLOWERS. 

TN  reply  to  the  question  raised  by  "  J.  G.  W." 
in  The  Garden  of  February  19  regarding  the 
prevalence  of  white  or  yellow  among  early  flowers 
the  following  has  always  appeared  to  me  to  offer 
an  explanation :  The  earliest  vegetation,  after 
the  lichens,  on  this  earth  was  green.  From  green 
to  yellow  is  but  a  span  (a  Primrose,  the  artists 
tell  us,  is  green)  ;  hence  we  find  that  the  flower, 
or  what  passed  for  such  (often  only  pollen  grains), 
of  practically  all  the  most  primitive  plants  were 
yellow.  Witness  the  spote-cases  of  the  Club 
Mosses,  Ferns,  Equisetums  and  other  Cryptogams  ; 
note  the  anther  cells  or  scales  of-"the  Cypresses, 
Pines  and  other  Conifers.  They  are  all  yellow, 
or  shades  of  yellow,  and  then  when  we  come  to 
the  Dicotyledons  we  again  find  that  tint  prevailing 
in  the  pollen  and  generally  also  in  the  stamens, 
from  which  latter  it  is  but  a  step  to  petals.  It 
must,  I  think,  be  conceded  therefore  that  yellow 
%vas  the  primitive  colour  after  green,  and  it  seems 
reasonable  to  suppose  that  those  flowers  which 
bloom  in  Jhe  early  days  of  the  year  are  following 
the  habits  of  their  remote  ancestors.  The  opening 
year  is  to  the  former  what  the  dawn  of  a  geological 
age  was  to  their  more  elementary  forebears.  In 
brief,  as  the  day  may  be  an  epitome  of  a  year, 
so  may  a  year  in  botanical  story  be  an  epitome 
of  an  age.  From  yellow  it  is  probable  that  flowers 
developed  reds,  and  thence  came  purple  and, 
lastly,  blues.  Some  flowers  give  away  the  secrets 
of  their  past  by  opening  red  and  changing  to 
blue,  as  the  Borages  and  Lungworts  :  and  there 
are  some  who  go  even  further,  commencing  with 
yeUow  and  going  through  the  entire  process  to 
blue,  as  does  Myosotis  versicolor. — .\.  T.   J. 

IT  is  not  difficult  to  explain  why  the  majority 
of  spring  flowers  should  be  white  or  yellow, 
in  the  question  raised  by  "  W.  A.  J.  D."  and 
cited  by  "J.  G.  W."  on  page  86..  By  taking 
the  flora  of  the  Baltic,  which  corresponds  pretty 


closely  with  our  own,  it  is  found  that  33  per  cent, 
of  the  flowers  are  white,  28  per  cent,  yellow, 
20  per  cent,  red,  9  per  cent,  blue,  8  per  cent, 
violet,  and  2  per  cent,  brown.  This  corresponds 
with  the  brightness  or  effectiveness  of  the  colours 
as  a  flag  of  attraction  to  insects  from  a  distance. 
The  first  three  colours  are  the  most  effective 
above  their  own  green  foliage,  the  grass  or  even 
brown  earth.  It  is  the  contrast  of  colours  that 
enables  the  eye  of  insects  or  of  man  to  pick  out 
the  flowers  from  their  surroundings,  during  the 
bad  light  of  winter  and  spring.  Brown  is  the 
least  conspicuous  and  the  first  to  be  lost  altogether 
in  bad  or  fading  light,  while  white  flowers  are  the 
last  to  fade  from  sight,  and  may  be  visible  at 
any  hour  of  the  evening  or  night,  as  I  have  observed . 
This  is  important  in  the  case  of  night-flying 
moths  and  other  nocturnal  insects.  When  the 
Lesser  Celandine  and  the  Star  of  Bethlehem 
close  at  sundown  they  do  not  invite  insects,  and 
only  display  the  green  exterior  of  their  flowers. 
Not  all  spring  flowers  are  green  or  yellow  even 
in  Scotland.  Nowhere  have  I  seen  Anemone 
nemorum  redder  than  on  the  banks  of  the  Dochart 
in  Breadalbane.  All  the  Willows  are  distiirctly 
entomophilous,  and  insects  follow  them  to  the 
tops  of  the  mountains.  The  stamens  in  this 
case  are  the  flag  of  attraction,  the  filaments  of 
Salix  Myrsinitcs  being  purple  and  the  anthers 
crimson.  I  have  seen  the  catkins  of  this  beautiful 
bush  covered  with  large  black  flies  at  an  elevation 
of  3,500  feet.  It  is  still  early  spring  on  the  top 
of  the  mountains  in  May  when  the  deep  purple 
Saxifraga  oppositifolia  is  in  bloom  at  the  melting 
of  the  snow.  At  the  same  time  the  violet,  purple 
and  yellow  Viola  lutea  amoena  gives  its  colours  to 
the  meadows  of  Highland  valley's. — Hortulanus. 

r\N  page  86  "  J.  G.  W."  propounds  a  problem 
which  has  occupied  the  attention  of  many 
botanists,  without,  so  far  as  known  to  me, 
receiving  a  satisfactory  solution.  He  desires  to 
know  whether  attention  has  been  directed  to  the 
preponderance  of  white  and  yellow  in  the  blossoms 
of  early-flowering  British  herbs.  He  might  have 
included  summer-flowermg  herbs  in  his  enquiry, 
seeing  that,  notwithstanding  the  profusion  of 
Wild  Hyacinth  and  Foxglove,  the  large  majority 
of  our  indigenous  flora  produces  white  or  yellow 
blossoms  during  the  summer  months.  The  late 
.Mr.  Grant  .Allen  discussed  the  question  in  his 
treatise  on  "  The  Colours  of  Flowers,"  wherein 
he  gave  reasons  for  his  belief  that  the  primitive 
colour  in  flowers  was  green,  from  which  the  first 
departure  was  yellow.  Professor  G.  Henslow 
comments  as  follows  upon  this  theory :  "  When 
we  remember  that  the  spore-cases  and  spores 
of  Lycopodium,  the  anther-cells  of  Cupressus 
and  the  whole  anther-scale  of  Pinus  and  all  the 
pollens  of  Gynmosperms  are  yellow ;  again, 
when  we  come  to  Dicotyledons  and  find  the 
prevailing  tint  of  stamens  is  the  same,  we  gather 
probabilities  in  support  of  that  view."  ("  The 
Structure  of  Flowers,"  International  Scientific 
Series,  1888,  page  179.)  Proceeding,  Professor 
Henslow  suggests  that  red  was  the  next  colour 
to  be  evolved,  and  that  blue  was  the  latest  manu- 
facture seems  probable  from  its  relative  rarity 
in  flowers,  nearly  all  blue  corollas  containing  an 
admixture  of  red.  "  Moreover,"  he  continues, 
"  when  flowers  individually  change  from  one 
colour  to  another  as  they  develop  from  bud  to 
maturity,  it  is  always  in  that  order — i.e.,  from 
red  to  mauves  or  purples,  as  in  Echium  and  Pul- 
monaria ;  or  even  from  yellows  through  reds  to 
purples,  as  in  Myosotis  versicolor."  All  this, 
however,  does  not  afford  any  explanation  of 
the  production  of  white  flowers.  From  the 
frequent  occurrence  of  white  sports  among  seed- 
lings, it  would  seem  not  improbable  that  it  may 


March  5,  19^1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Ill 


have  taken  place  in  the  primitive  green  inflores- 
cence, or  in  any  of  the  colours  developed 
subsequently,  owing  to,  the  accidental  absence 
or  deficiency  of  colour-reflecting  pigment.  White 
flo%vcrs  are  more  conspicuous  than  any  others  ; 
any  approach  to  white  in  a  blossom  would  attract 
insect  visitors  more  surely  than  the  original  green 
or  later  red,  thereby  securing  the  fertilisation  of 
a  preponderance  of  white  or  pale  flowers,  and 
the  establishment  of  a  white-flowering  race  in 
substitution  for  the  ancestral  hue.  One  is  accus- 
tomed to  assume  that  the  red  Hawthorn — i.e., 
the  natural  variety,  not  the  outcome  of  the 
florist's  manipulation,  such  as  Paul's  Scarlet — 
represents  a  sport  from  the  original  white  ;  but 
if  the  foregoing  observations  arc  near  the  mark, 
the  converse  may  be  the  true  sequence,  white 
Hawthorn  supplanting  the  red  owing  to  its  more 
conspicuous  blossoms  having  ensured  more  com- 
plete fertilisation  from  flying  insects.  The  red 
hue  which  not  infrequently  suffuses  the  petals 
of  white  Hawthorn  when  they  begin  to  fade  may 
be  a  hereditary  trait.  White  and  yellow  flowers, 
being  more  conspicuous  than  any  others,  appear 
to  have  received  most  attention  from  insect 
fertilisers ;  but  it  must  be  owned  that  there  is 
a  difficulty  in  connecting  cause  and  effect  in  the 
case  of  our  earliest  spring  flowers,  owing  to  the 
absence  of  active  insect  life. 

"  Wavers  on  her  thin  stem  the  Snowdrop  cold. 
That  trembles  not  to  kisses  of  the  bee." 

Never  but  once  have  I  seen  bees  busy  about 
Snowdrops,  nor  have  I  ever  detected  insect  visitors 
to  the  winter  Aconite.  But  white  may  have 
become  the  livery  of  the  Snowdrop  (retaining 
patches  of  ancestral  green  on  the  inner  segments 
of  the  corolla),  and  yellow  that  of  the  Aconite 
under  climatic  conditions  different  from  those 
which,  in  our  time,  usually  keep  bees  in  their  hives 
until  the  bloom  of  both  is  overpast. — Herbert 
.Ma.xwell,   Monreith. 

A  remark:\ble   azalea. 

T  WAS  very  interested  in  the  article  under  the 
above  heading,  page  69.  The  picture  on  the 
same  page  shows  a  really  fine  plant  of  Azalea 
indica.  and  illustrates  what  valuable  plants  the> 
are  where  they  thrive.  They  are  quite  at  home  here 
in  these  gardens.  We  have  quite  a  goodly  number 
of  fine  plants,  but  smaller  than  the  one  figured.  Our 
finest  plant  of  Azalea  indica,  "Optima,"  is  rs  feet 
in  diameter  by  6  feet  high.  It  is  a  late  bloomer, 
and  when  at  its  best  in  June  is  a  very  imposing 
sight,  .\zalea  ledifolia  is  represented  by  two 
very  fine  plants,  the  largest  measuring  17  feet 
in  diameter  by  6  feet  high.  When  in  flower  it 
resembles  a  bank  of  snow.  I  trust  this  will  be 
of  interest  to  Mr.  Willcox. — H.  Silcock,  Basselt 
Wood,  Southampton. 

A    BEAUTIFUL   EARLY    FLOWERING 

RHODODENDRON. 

T  WAS  particularly  interested  in  the  notes  on 
Rhododendron  praeco.x,  a  delightful  early 
flowering  shrub  (page  69),  and  I  should  like  to 
draw  attention  to  R.  Early  Gem.  This  by  some 
authorities  is  coi  sidered  a  form  of  R.  praecox. 
and  undoubte'ly  it  is  very  near  that  plant,  but 
in  "  Hortus  VeitcHi "  it  is  said  to  be  a  hybrid 
between  R.  prscox  and  R.  dahauricum,  the  former 
itself  being  the  offspring  of  R.  dahuricum  and 
R.  ciliatura.  R.  Early  Gem  is  a  dwarf  compact 
plant  with  small  dark  green  leave:,  and  the  flowers 
are  a  pretty  shade  of  pinkish  lilac.  The  flower-; 
are  produced  in  abundance  during  the  latter  part 
of  January  and  early  February,  and  at  the  time 
of  writing  (February  7)   many  plants  are  in   full 


bloom.  Here,  at  Castleford,  Chepstow,  it  occupies 
two  large  beds,  being  associated  %vith  Erica  carnea. 
the  twain  making  a  very  pretty  and  pleasing 
combination.  The  soil  is  chiefly  made  up  of  peat, 
and  Liliums  of  the  Henryi  type  afford  a  display 
during  the  summer  months.  Given  a  favourable 
season  this  charming  Rhododendron  is  a  lovely 
sight,  but  we  are  bound  to  admit  that  it  is  frequently 
spoilt  by  inclement  weather,  and  for  this  reason 
should  not  advise  it  being  planted  on  a  large 
scale.  In  more  favoured  localities  it  may  be  a 
success,  and  it  should  be  stated  that  there  is  no 
question  about  the  plant  being  hardy.  It  is  an 
admirable  subject  for  forcing,  and  may  be  had  in 
bloom  quite  early  with  very  little  artificial  heat. 
When  sheltered  in  a  cool  greenhouse  it  is  seen  at 
its  best.  If  grown  as  a  pot  plant  it  is  essential 
to  keep  them  inside  for  awhile  till  all  danger  of 
severe  frosts  is  past,  and  they  should  be  encour- 
aged to  make  their  season's  growth,  when  they 
are   eventually   placed    outside,   where   they   form 


Beautiful     Shrubs     for 
Light  Soils 

Select  the  Right  Plants  and  Save 
Time,  Expense  and  Disappointment 

IT  frequently  occurs  in  gardening  that  one  is 
beset  with  the  difficidty  of  finding  plants 
suitable  for  particularly  arid  positions. 
When  one  has  no  great  experience  in  things 
horticultural  it  not  infrequently  happens  that 
we  select  wrong  plants  and  nmch  waste  of  time  and 
expense  are  entailed.  Dry  banks  are  a  fruitful 
source  of  trouble,  but  before  attempting  to  plant 
these  it  is  always  advisable  to  break  them  up 
deeply,  at  the  same  time  working  in  some  better 
soil  or  thoroughly  decayed  farm  manure.  For 
banks  or  sharply  sloping  ground  of  this  nature, 
provided  they  are  fully  exposed,  that  is,  free  from 
overhead  shade,  few  plants  will  clothe  them  more 


GENISTA     VIRG,\T.\     OR     MADEIRA     BROOM. 
An  excellent  shrub  for  light  soil  and  sunny  position. 


terminal  buds  ready  for  the  next  seasor's  display. 
R.  Early  Gem  needs  little  or  no  pruning. — T.  W.  B. 

OLD  VARIETIES  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS 

'T'HE  article  by  ^t.  C.  Blair  in  The  Garden 
of  January  22,\_page  45.  is  interesting  to  old 
"  Mummers,"  as  indicating  that  many  of  the 
old-established  favourites  are  still  in  existence 
and  not  lost  to  cultivation.  How  often  well- 
tried,  useful  decorative  varieties  are  pushed  on 
one  side  in  the  rush  for  new  introductions,  and 
one  has  to  search  cottage  gardens  and  the  country- 
side, where  many  an  old  favoiu'ite  has  been 
unearthed.  I  wonder  if  the  "  Rundle "  family 
is  still  in  commerce  ?  The  trio  of  that  variety 
were  long  favourites  of  the  genered  public  even 
with  those  who  did  not  as  a  rule  favour  the 
incurves.  The  well  known  initials,  "  C.  H.  P.," 
under  the  note,  "  Chrysanthemum  Niveus," 
on  page  79  gave  me  a  thrill  of  pleasure.  It  is 
some  -.years  since  we  mutually  admired  this  and 
other 'American  varieties  as  they  were  sent  over  ; 
and  it  is  still  one  of  the  best  late-keeping,  short- 
petalled  white  decorative  varieties  we  have  — 
C.  Orchard,  Bembridge,  Isle  0;  Wight. 


readily  or  more  effectively  than  the  species  and 
varieties  of  Cistus  and  Hclianthemum.  Thoy 
vary  in  height  from  a  few  inches  up  to  as  many 
feet ;  they  smother  themselves  in  flower  during 
early  summer,  and  being  evergreen,  are  never 
uninteresting  even  in  the  dullest  period  of  the 
year.  Helianthemums  of  the  vulgare  t\T5e  are 
perfectly  hardy,  and,  being  of  dwarf  growth, 
should  be  grouped  well  to  the  front.  I  suggest 
grouping  several  plants  of  a  colour,  for  in  my 
opmion,  they  are  most  effective  when  arranged 
in  broken  masses,  as  in  this  manner  they  present 
a  pictorial  effect  of  the  hghest  order.  The 
varieties  of  H.  vulgare  are  most  suitable  and 
present  a  charmmg  range  of  colours,  including 
w:hite,  yellow,  scarlet,  pink,  rose,  terra-cotta  and 
coppery  orange,  among  the  single  varieties,  and 
scarlet,  yellow,  white  and  terra-cotta  among  the 
double  or  semi-double  forms. 

The  species  of  Hclianthemum  that  grow  taller 
than  the  H.  vulgare  forms  include  H.  algarvense 
and  H.  formosuni,  both  of  which  have  yellow 
flowers  distinctly  marked  with  maroon  blotch 
at  the  base  of  petals  ;  the  species  H,  alyssoides 
and    H.   formosnm    unicolor  have   glistening  self 


112 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  5,  1921. 


yellow  flowers ;  H.  rosmarinifolium  has  narrow 
leaves  and  is  crowded  in  summer  with  small  white 
flowers.  Helianthemums  (Sun  Roses)  should  not 
be  placed  in  draughty  or  wind-swept  positions  as 
they  are  not  quite  so  hardy  as  the  garden  forms  of 
H.  vulgare. 

Among  Cistus  (Rock  Roses)  the  hardiest  is  C. 
laurifolius,  a  species  with  stout  evergreen  leaves 
and  white  flowers,  attaining  a  height  of  6  feet  to 
8  feet ;  C.  crispus,  C.  purpureus  and  C.  villosus 
have  flowers  of  a  deep  rose  shade,  borne  in  great 
profusion  on  rounded  bushes  some  2  feet  to  4  feet 
high ;  C.  florentinus  and  C.  salvifolius  are  of 
similar  growth  to  the  last  named,  but  the  flowers 
are  white ;  while  in  C.  cyprius  and  C.  lusitanicus 
the  habit  is  still  dwarf  but  the  white  flowers  become 
strikingly  attractive  on  account  of  the  maroon 
marking  at  the  base  of  the  petals  ;  C.  ladaniferus 
has  similar  flowers,  grows  taller  and  is  usually 
favoured  as  a  shrub  for  walls.  It  is  difficult  to 
assess  the  hardiness  of  some  species  of  Cistus, 
as  some  winters  the  mortality  may  be  negligible, 
while  an  exceptionally  severe  winter  may  cause 
great  loss  ;  it  is  important  to  employ  the  hardiest 
as  a  screen  to  the  tender  sorts,  so  that  the  full 
blast  of  cutting,  icy  winds  is  broken  up,  for  it 
is  these  rather  than  actual  cold  that  plays  havoc 
among  the  ranks  of  Rock  Roses. 

For  similar  positions  to  the  genera  already 
named  and  unquestionably  hardy  are  the  following 
species    and    hybrids    of    Cytisus    and    Genista ; 


species  like  C.  albus,  C.  praecox,  scoparius 
Andreanus  and  the  hybrid  Dallimorei  are  subjects 
to  conjure  with  in  garden  planning  ;  they  are 
immensely  effective  on  the  higher  positions  or 
undulating  ground,  but  their  great  beauty  and 
wondrous  wealth  of  blossoms  are  most  effectively 
displayed  when  clothing  rocky  promontories  beside 
water. 

Cytisus  albus  durus,  C.  Bcanii,  C.  kewensis  and 
C.  schipksnsis  are  dwarf  kinds  that  show  to  best 
advantage  on  banks  or  rock  gardens.  Genista 
is  not  nearly  so  rich  in  good  things  as  the  last 
named  genus  ;  G.  athncnsis  and  G.  virgata  are  tall, 
twiggy  plants,  having  yellow  flowers  ;  G.  hispanica 
forms  dense  tails  of  needle-like  leafage  that  become 
a  ramp  of  gold  in  early  summer;  G.  tinctoria 
fl.-pl.  has  double  yellow  flowers  and  is  valuable 
on  account  of  flowering  in  late  summer.  Among 
other  genera  yielding  members  suitable  for  arid 
positions  arc  Spartium  junceum,  with  large  yellow 
Pea  flowers  on  rush-like  stems  in  late  sununer  ; 
Tamarix  hispida  ffistivalis,  with  handsome  rose- 
pink  flowers  in  feathery  plumes ;  Hippopha; 
rhamnoides,  the  Sea  Blackthorn,  that  stands  full 
exposure,  and  if  one  male  is  planted  to  each  half- 
dozen  females  the  crop  of  high-coloured  fruit 
will  be  readily  assured.  There  is  also  the  double 
form  of  Ulex  europaeus,  a  hardy  and  delightful 
shrub  for  large  effects  in  the  foreground  of  wood 
lands  or  beside  water.  T.  Smith. 

Coombe  Court  Gardens. 


ANNUAL      SCREEN      PLANTS 

Use  Quick  Growing  Plants  to  Hide  Unsightly  Places 


IT  is  not  always  practical  or  necessary  to 
provide  a  permanent  hedge  or  fence  to 
shut  out  some  undesirable  portion  of  the 
garden  or  grounds,  for  it  may  be  that  it 
is  only  for  a  part  of  the  season  that  a 
temporary  screen  is  required.  For  this  purpose 
there  are  several  plants  to  be  recommended,  and 
in  addition  to  their  usefulness  we  get  a  glorious 


display  of  flowers.  Quite  one  of  the  best  subject^ 
for  such  work  is  the  Sweet  Pea,  which  makes  a 
most  effective  floral  screen,  especially  when  trained 
out  evenly  on  a  wire  fence.  Another  valuable 
plant  for  such  work  is  the  climbing  Nasturtium, 
which  may  be  allowed  to  ramble  over  a  wire  fence. 
The  Nasturtium  is  particularly  useful  if  the 
ground  is  too  poor  for  Sweet  Peas  to  make  a  show. 


A    LAMP-POST    CLOTHED    WITH 
GLORY." 


MORNING 


SHIRLEY     POPPIES     MAKE     EXCELLENT     SUMMER     HEDGES. 


One  of  the  prettiest  hedges  used  as  a  screen  I 
ever  saw  was  at  an  old  farm  house  in  Herefordshire, 
and  consisted  of  a  good  strain  of  Shirley  Poppies. 
They  had  made  enormous  growth  and  were  nearly 
5  feet  in  height,  while  there  were  literally  thousands 
of  flowers  which  were  a  revelation  to  me  as  to  what 
can  be  done  with  Shirleys.  For  a  dwarf  hedge  a 
good  strain  of  the  Pink  and  White  Malope  will 
do  well  and  is  most  effective.  There  was  an 
excellent  hedge  of  Pink  Malopes  at  Ampthill 
Park  in  1918. 

The  annual  Hop  (Humulus),  too,  is  most  useful 
as  a  quick-growing  plant  to  cover  poles  or  fences 
and,  where  it  is  not  essential  to  provide  a  hedge  of 
flowers,  can  be  thoroughly  recommended.  Eccre- 
mocarpus  scaber,  with  its  neat  foliage  and  pretty 
orange  flowers,  can  also  be  used  with  good  effect 
as  a  covering  for  trellis  work.  For  a  sunny  spot 
Cobffia  scandens  could  be  used,  and  if  the  seed  is 
put  in  early  an  abundance  of  flowers  will  be  given 
the  same  season.  This  is  really  a  handsome 
climber,  and  a  very  pretty  effect  can  be  made  by 
growing  this  in  conjunction  with  Tropeeolum 
canariense  or  one  of  the  Lobbianum  varieties  of 
Nasturtiums. 

Perhaps  not  quite  so  hardy  as  the  previously 
mentioned  plants,  but  certainly  one  of  our  most 
charming  trellis  and  wall  creepers  for  a  sunny 
spot  is  the  Convolvulus.  Messrs.  Suttons  now 
offer  these  in  a  good  assortment  of  colours,  and  it 
is  quite  safe  to  sow  seeds  outside  early  in  May  for 
a  late  summer  and  early  autumn  display.  The 
Ipomoea     ccerulea      known     as     Heavenly     Blue 


March  5,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


113 


is  one  of  the  finest  blue  flowers  we  have, 
and  is  very  effective  when  intertwined  with 
some  of  the  Clematis,  more  especially  the  wine 
shades. 

As  a  screen  in  or  near  vegetable  quarters  the 
Runner  Bean  is  easily  a  good  first  as  being  not 
only  ornamental  but  productive  as  well.  Quite 
one  of  the  most  novel  plants  to  be  grown  on  a 
trellis  or  against  a  wood  fence  is  a  good  mixed 
collection    of    Gourds.     The    enormous    range    of 


shapes  and  sizes  and  the  plants*  different  character- 
istics make  them  most  interesting.  The  last 
plant  to  be  mentioned  is  the  Jerusalem  Artichoke, 
which  is  perhaps  hardly  suitable  to  go  with  the 
above  list,  but  is  nevertheless  an  admirable  plant 
to  form  a  hedge  round  an  unsightly  spot  during 
the  summer  and  autumn  months.  It  has  also 
the  added  attraction  of  yielding  a  good  supply  of 
food  for  the  winter  months.  H.  Turner. 

Albury   Park  Gardens,  Gnildjord. 


had  an  abundance  of  seed  and  probably  the  stocks 
of  choice  plants  would  have  been  now  very  much 
larger.  The  writer  wonders  if  those  who  cultivate 
ordinary  garden  Polyanthuses,  as  well  as  single 
and  double  Primroses,  will  take  the  hint  and  plant 
in  drills  as  suggested,  at  least  as  far  as  nursery  stock 
is  concerned,  for,  if  they  do,  an  agreeable  surprise 
awaits  them ;  success  in  the  highest  degree. 
S:ockporl.  G.   D.   A.   Hall. 


GOLD    LACED    POLYANTHUSES 

An  Agreeable   Surprise  Awaits  Those  Who  Grow 
These   Old  Florists'   Flowers 


THE  old  folks  who  read  this  journal  must 
often  regret  the  absence  of  the  choice  old 
varieties  of  the  gold  laced  Polyanthus, 
which  used  to  add  refinement  and  grace 
to  their  gardens.  The  same  old  people 
will  often  assert  that  the  lost  favourites  had  a 
charm  all  their  own.  The  tracery  of  nature  seemed 
to  reach  perfection  in  these  old-fashioned  flowers 
with  their  golden  lines,  curves  and  centres,  con- 
trasted with  a  crimson  or  a  black  ground. 

In  the  Midlands  and  South  to-day  scarcely  a 
plant  of  quality  is  to  be  found.  It  is  only  in  the 
North  that  the  flower  can  still  be  seen  each  spring, 
and  then  only  in  a  few  gardei.s. 

The  members  of  the  National  Auricula  Society, 
Northern  Section,  always  stage  a  number  of  plants 
at  their  annual  Show,  usually  held  at  Manchester, 
and   a  few   of  the    members    of    this 
Society     comprise     that     small     but 
patient  band  of   enthusiasts  who  have 
refused  to  allow  the  plant  to   die  out 
entirely  as  an  exhibition  flower.     This 
same  small   band    has    been     raising 
seedlings    for   many   years,    and    the 
work  continues.     The  results  can  now 
be  stated   to  be    excellent  and  many 
seedlings  of  merit  will  soon  be  avail- 
able. 

A  novel  method  of  culti\'ation 
seems  to  be  on  the  point  of  estab- 
lishing this  old  plant  on  a  very  firm 
basis,  for,  by  its  means,  the  annual 
increase  by  division  can  be  multiplied 
many  times.  It  has  been  found  that 
the  Polyanthus  succeeds  best  when 
growai  in  drills  about  3  inches  deep 
and  nirming  cast  and  west.  Simple 
though  this  is  none  of  the  experi- 
enced exhibitors  in  the  North  seem 
to  have  tried  the  method  before. 

[An  article  on  sowing  the  seeds  will 
appear  in  a  later  issue,  just  previous 
to  sowing  time. — Ed] 

Seedling  plants  are  planted  in  drills 
as  soon  as  three  tiny  leaves  have 
formed,  and  it  has  been  found  that 
some  of  the  most  vigorous  yearlings 
can  be  divided  into  nearly  twenty 
divisions,  all  with  roots.  All  these 
divisions  establish  themselves  immedi- 
ately when  replanted  in  new  drills, 
making  fine  plants  before  the  winter. 

Southern  growers  shoidd  make  just  one  more 
effort  with  choice  varieties,  because,  with  drills  a 
little  deeper  than  those  just  mentioned,  the  plants 
should  succeed  even  in  the  drier  climate  of  the 
South. 

The  honorary  secretary  of  the  National  Auricula 
Society,  Northern  Section,  will  inform  enquirers 
where  the  best  varieties  are  grown,  or,  better 
still,   for   the   small   sum   of   one   shilling   he  will 


supply,  post  free,  a  copy  of  the  Society's  report  on 
the  last  Show,  including  the  names  and  addresses 
of  all  northern  growers  of  gold  laced  Polyanthuses, 
show  Auriculas  and  alpine  Auriculas.  Letters 
should  be  sent  to  Mr.  John  Tonge,  22,  Booth  Street, 
Manchester. 

Any  reader  knowing  of  the  existence  of  genuine 
old  varieties  of  the  Polyanthus  would  render  the 
members  of  the  Society  a  great  service  by  informing 
Mr.  Tonge  where  the  plants  can  be  seen.  The 
following  ancient  sorts  are  still  to  be  found  in  the 
Manchester  district :  Sir  Sydney  Smith,  George  IV, 
Nicholson's  King,  Exile.  The  lost  varieties  are, 
to  name  a  few  ;  Kingfisher,  Lord  Lincoln,  Lancer, 
Beauty  of  England,  Sunrise,  Pearson's  Alexander, 
Princess  Royal,  Prince  of  Orange,  Cheshire 
Favourite. 


A    Beautiful    Dwarf    Perennial 

(ASTER     SUB-C(ERULEA). 

This  is  a  floral  gem  that  may  easily  be  raised 
from  seed.  Few  people  could  fail  to  admire 
the  lovely  lilac-blue  Marguerite-like  flowers  pro- 
duced in  great  abundance  on  wircy  stems  some 
15  inches  to  18  inches  long.  Although  not  quite 
perennial  on  all  soils,  still  it  is  so  beautiful  that 
no  one  would  grudge  to  treat  it  as  a  biennial. 
The  best  way  in  which  to  raise  it  is  by  sowing  in 
pans,  early  in  March,  and  allowing  it  a  little 
warmth  at  first.  After  it  recovers  from  the 
pricking-off  process,  remove  to  a  cold  frame, 
harden  off  when  large  enough,  and  plant  out 
in  fairly  good  soil.  It  provides  most  acceptable 
blooms   for  room  decoration.  C.   Blair. 

Preston  House  Gardens.  Liitlilhgow. 


The     Mexican    Orange    Flower 

(CHOISYA     TERNATA). 

The  early  season  has  been  favourable  to  the  full 
development  of  the  bloom  of  the  Mexican  Orange- 
flower,  for.  whereas  it  often  has  the  appearance  of 


CHOISYA     AT     A     GARDEN     GATEWAY. 


Pin-eyed  flowers  have  always  been  abhorred  by 
exhibitors  and  they  may  not  be  exhibited  even  to- 
day. It  was  a  mistake,  however,  to  consign  all  such 
to  the  rubbish  heap.  For  seeding  they  seem  to  be 
admirably  adapted,  in  fact,  many  of  the  new 
varieties  now  coming  forward  had  pin-eyed 
mothers.  Had  these  despised  forms  been  con- 
tinuously preserved  along  with  the  more  exact 
thrum-eyed   flowers,    growers   would   always  have 


being  slightly  unfinished  or  not  quite  fully  expanded, 
this  year  the  bloom  has  been  perfect  and  has 
shown  its  full  beauty.  It  rejoices  in  a  warm,  light 
soil,  and.  though  it  will  stand  unhurt  in  the  open 
anywhere  south  of  London,  it  is  all  the  better  for 
the  comfort  of  a  warm  wall  at  its  back.  The 
flowers  have  a  sweet  scent,  something  like  tliat  of 
Whitethorn,  quite  different  from  the  strong.  Rue. 
like  smell  of  the  leaves.  G.  J. 


114 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  5,  1921. 


SAXIFRAGES  THAT  FLOWER  EARLY 

How    to   Improve   their  Flozvering 


ONE     OF     THE     BEST     WHITE-FLOWERED     SAXIFRAGES, 
Free  flowering  and  easy  to  grow. 


BURSICULATA. 


SAXIFRAGA    HAAGEI.      Only  the  Common  Stonecrop   is 
so  freely  shrouded  with  flowers  in  its  day. 


IF  January  in  its  day  affords  a  glimpse  of  the 
earliest  treasures  of  this  race,  it  but  follows 
that  the  days  immediately  succeeding  must 
prove  more  prodigal  of  flower,  richer  far  in 
variety,  more  fascinating  and  satisfying  as 
a  whole.  Because  of  a  floral  procession  unequalled 
hy  any  other  group  of  alpine  plants  that  much  is 
inevitable.  It  at  once  places  the  genus  head  and 
shoulders  above  all  others  ;  assists  appreciably  to 
ornament  our  rock  gardens,  while  providing  a 
decent  quota  for  the  alpijre  house  for  more  intimate 
acquaintance  and  leisurely  enjoyment.  These 
are  matters  of  interest  and  importance  to  every 
cultivator.  Quite  one  of  the  prettiest  at  the  moment 
is  the  hybrid, 

S.  Kellereri,  raised  from  S.  Krederici-Augusti 
and  another.  In  flower  at  Christmas  or  directly 
after,  and  good  as  mid-February  approaches,  its 
larger  rosettes  often  yield  flowers  in  April  or  May, 
when,  in  fuller  colour,  they  arc  of  greater  ornament 
than  at  first.  Its  flowers  are  bell-shaped,  erect, 
fom-  or  so  in  a  spray  and  pink  tinted.  The  peduncles 
(stems)  are  4  inches  high.  For  sheer  beauty  and 
distinction  I  place  it  among  the  indispensables.  ,\s 
a  grower  it  is  particularly  amiable  and  free.  Well 
grown,  the  largest  rosettes  may  reach  2  inches  in 
diameter.  Quite  happy  in  gritty  loam,  with  perfect 
drainage.  Another  hybrid  of  exceptional  merit  is 
S.  bursiculata.  —  This  originated  from  the 
crossing  of  S.  Burseriana  major  and  S.  apiculata, 
and  the  writer  being  instrumental  in  raising  it,  a 
personal  interest  attaches  to  it  in  consequence. 
It  is  probably  the  whitest  flowered  Saxifrage  (species 
or  hybrid)  known  to  cultivation.  The  stems  are 
sturdy  and  strong,  the  erect  flowers  several  in  a 
truss.  In  leaf  growth,  habit  and  vigour  there  is  a 
strong  approximation  to  apiculata,  the  grey  or 
hoary  touch  of  its  needle-pointed  leaves  a  possible 
inheritance  from  the  other  parent.  The  distribu- 
tion of  parental  influence  in  the  hybrid  is  most 
interesting,  but  as  these  notes  are  intended  to  be 
helpful  to  the  "  man  in  the  street"  that  cannot 
be  touched  upon  now.  The  plant,  however,  is 
good    and  distinct,  while  free,    easy  and   amiable. 


It  gained  an  award  of  merit  several  years  ago, 
though  it  is  not,  I  believe,  in  general  cultivation  as 
yet.     .Another  hybrid  of  garden  importance  is 

S.  Haagei,  and  which,  as  a  soil  carpeter,  is 
equalled  by  few  and  surpassed  by  none.  No  hybrid 
or  species  approaches  it  in'  the  rich  golden  of  its 
flowers,  the  sturdiness  of  its  peduncles  or  absolute 
endurance.  It  is  at  once  easy,  accommodating  and 
dependable,  though  capable  of  its  finest  effects 
when  in  sward-like  patches  it  is  dowered  with  golden 
tresse.s.  Only  the  common  Stonecrop  (Sedum 
acre)  of  the  plants  I  recall  at  the  moment  is  so 
prodigally  shrouded  wUh  flowers  in  its  day.  The 
flowers  of  the  Saxifrage  are,  however,  of  an  intenser 
yellow,  golden  in  fact,  and  give  of  their  richness  in 
March,  those  of  the  Stonecrop  appearing  weeks 
later.  Because  of  habit,  the  lower  levels  of  rock- 
work  suit  it  best.  In  other  words,  it  is  not  a  plant 
for  the  ledges  or  drier  positions.  By  resorting  to 
cutting  propagation  and  arranging  the  plantlets, 
when  established,  an  inch  or  two  asunder,  yard  wide 
patches  may  soon  be  formed.  It  is  a  means  to 
an  end,  no  method  of  cultivation  affording  so  rich 
a  harvest  of  bloom,  a  fact  which  all  should  know, 
since  it  affects  the  very  cream  of  the  race.  Quite 
good,  too,  among  yellow  flowered  sorts  is  the 

S.  EHzabethse  set,  the  term  being  employed 
advisedly  because  of  the  variety  existing.  There  are 
probably  not  less  than  four  varieties  approximating 
to  each  other  in  habit  and  form  of  flower,  though 
differing  slightly  in  colour  and  much  more  in  their 
season  of  blossoming.  It  is  as  though  several 
seedling  variations  of  the  cross  (Burseriana  x  sanctal 
were  distributed  under  the  one  name.  S.  Godseffi 
(L.  S.  Godseff)  and  Mrs.  Leng  are  others  virtually 
in  the  same  category  and  not  all  of  them  are 
necessary  in  any  collection.  Influenced  largely 
by  the  ,S.  sancta  blood  in  their  veins,  all  are  of 
easy  cultivation  and  free.  Their  true  place  is  in 
the  lower  stretches  of  the  rock  garden,  where  the 
ampler  pockets  or  compartments  will  afford  them 
their  chance.  Since  it  has  been  mentioned  more  than 
once  when  referring  to  other  sorts,  it  is  but  right 
that  the  Jlacedonian 


S.  sancta  should  be  considered  briefly  apart.  It 
is  a  mat-forming  kind,  flat  as  the  proverbial 
pancake.  The  point  is  made  concerning  it 
advisedly,  since  both  S.  Pseudo-sancta  and  S.  juni- 
perifolia  are  confused  with  it  occasionally.  These 
twain  are  mound  forming  sorts  and,  distinct  both  of 
leaf  and  flower,  may  be  distinguished  at  almost  any 
time.  The  true  plant,  at  flowering  time,  is  strewn 
with  sturdy  2  inches  high  sprays  of  rich  yellow 
flowers,  the  petals  very  minute,  and  the  anthers  of 
the  same  colour,  as  largely  responsible  ainiost  for  the 
display  as  the  petals.  The  species  love«r  the  cool 
places  of  the  rock  garden  and  is  quite  hardy  in 
loamy  soil  with  a  modicum  of  grit.  Free  in  growth, 
it  has  a  vigour  and  constitution  of  its  own. 

S.  Saloir.oni,  a  grey  or  glaucous-leaved  carpeter, 
descended  from  Burseriana  and  Rocheliana,  minus 
the  free  flowering  attributes  of  either  parent.  In 
fine  it  is  really  shy  flowering.  This  notwith- 
standing, it  is  so  free  in  growth,  good  in  leaf  colour 
and  so  amiable  withal  that  it  is  well  worth  while 
The  nearly  two  years  old  examples  from  cuttings 
flower  most  freely,  those  raised  from  division  much 
less  so.    Quite  happy  in  gritty  loam 

S.  kestonensis. — This  is  among  early-flowering  ' 
sorts  and  ranks  high  as  a  white,  in  so  far,  at  least,  as 
purity  is  concerned.  It  is  supposed  to  be  a  seedling 
of  S.  Burseriana,  though  there  is  little  evidence 
of  any  such  influence.  The  plant  is  hardy  and 
reliable  and  of  easy  cultivation. 

S.  oppositifolia,  vais — These  form  delightful 
pictures  in  March  when  the  creeping  shoots  are  well 
nigh  hidden  with  erect  stemless  flowers.  In  culti- 
vation they  require  some  care  and  my  greater 
success  with  them  has  been  in  peaty  or  lime-free 
soils  and  annual  or  biennial  division.  They  inhabit 
Arctic  or  northern  regions,  amid  rocks  and  debris 
and  glacier  moraines.  A  cool  rooting  medium 
and  poor  soil  suits  them  well,  and  they  delight 
in  full  sun.  Their  inclination  to  flower  at  the 
extremities  of  the  plant's  growth  affords  a  useful 
cultural  object  lesson,  hence  by  mulching,  new 
growth  should  be  encouraged,  where  propagation  is 
not  possible  or  convenient.     Growing  them  in  pots 


March  5,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


115 


and  dividing  them  each  year  after  flowering  it  was 
instructive  to  see  how  much  better  ilowered  were 
the  growths  that  got  beyond  the  pots  into  the 
sand  of  the  plunging  bed  than  the  rest.  There 
are  several  varieties ;  the  type  and  its  white 
form  are  here  illustrated.  Splendens,  p^Tenaica 
major  and  p.  maxima  and  latina  (rose  pink)  are 
coloured  forms.  Most  brilliant  of  them  all, 
however,  is  the  vivid  crimson  \'ariety  W.  A.  Clark, 
though  Wetterhorn,  a  richly  coloured  sort,  has 
claims  to  attention  too.  E.    H.    Jenkins. 


AN    AMATEUR'S    ALPINE    HOUSE 


Pi 


Reasons  for   Growing   Alpines    Under   Glass.      Some   of   the 
Choicest    Varieties   for    the   Purpose 


A  NEW  SAXIFRAGE 

A  Chance  Cross  and  a  Promising  Seedling 

TWO     years     ago    I    made    a    number    of 
Saxifraga  crosses,  chiefly  from  the  pollen 
of     S.     aizoides    aurantiaca,    and    what 
I  thought  the  most  unlikely  cross  of  all 
was    the    only    one    of    the    series    that 
came  off.   This  was  S.  csesia  xS.  aizoides  aurantiaca, 
and  it  is  just  coming  into  flower  now.     It  is  clearly 
intermediate^  between  its  parents   and  is   a   most 
charming  little  plant.     The  foliage  is  nearest   to 
S.  csesia,  resetted  and  silvery,  but  very  much  freer 
and  looser,   larger   and   more   vigorous,    than   its 
prim  little  mother.    The  flowers  come  up  rather  in 
the  arched  spike  of  S.  aizoides,  eight  and  ten  to  a 
spike,   but  are  broader  petalled  than  that  rather 
starry  species.    In  colour  they  are,  I  think,  unique 
in  the  family.     A  beautiful  soft  buff  orange,  with 
deeper  coloured  anthers,  and  still  richer,  brighter 
orange   centre.     The   centres   of   the   flowers  have 
the  conspicuous  glossy,  waxy  texture  of  S.  aizoides. 
Looking  at  it  for  the  first  time  I  was  puzzled  to 
define  what  the  colour  of  the  flowers  was,  but  the 
few  folk  who  have  seen  it  agree  that  it  is  exactly 
the  colour  of  a  William  Allan  Richardson  Rose. 
This  particular  tone  of  soft  buff  orange  is   very 
distinctive,   and    comparatively    rare 
among  flowers,  and,  as  I  say,  as  far  as 
I  know  it  is  unique  among  Saxifrages. 
I  could  %vish  that  the  petals  were  a 
trifle  fuller  and  rounder  than  they  are. 
They  are  not  as  full  as  in  the  best  forms 
of  S.  c£esia,  but  a  good  deal  better  than 
in  S.  aizoides.  However,  only  one  plant 
is  so  far  in  flower,   and  as  there  are 
four  or  five  seedlings,  it  is  possible 
that  an  even    better   form  may   yet 
appear.     Failing  that,   the  plant  may 
quite   likely    seed    and    throw   some 
improved     breaks     in      the      second 
generation.       Even    as    it     is     now, 
w-ith    its    first    single  blossom  open, 
its    beauty,     curious    colouring    and 
vigorous    silver    foliage,  convince  me 
that     it     is     a     plant     which      will 
appeal    to    lovers  of    choice  alpines. 
As     yet     it     is     without     a    name, 
but    I    feel    very    much    inclined    to 
christen    it     Saxifraga     William 
-Allan  Richardson  after  the  splendid 
Rose    which   in   colour   it    resembles 
so  closely.     Of  its  cultural  likes  and 
dislikes  I  can  say  but  little  as  yet. 
My      best     and      biggest     plant     is 
flourishing    in   a   pan   of   loam,    leaf 
mould    and    old    mortar  rubble ;     a 
good  deal   of   the  latter.       Its  pros- 
perous  ways   seem   to  indicate   that 
it   should  be   ready   for   distribution 
next   year,    and  then   we   may  hope 
to  learn  from   the  experience  of  the 
many  what  it  is  really  going   to  like 
best  in  the  matter  of  soil  and  aspect. 
Sievennge.       Cl.\rence  Elliott. 


URISTS  of  the  rock  garden  school 
I  maintain  a  haughty  attitude  of  non 
possumtis  against  the  cold  house  destined 
for  the  cultivation  of  alpines.  While 
admitting  the  necessity  of  protecting 
certain  difficvdt  plants  with  sheets  of  glass  pur- 
porting to  be  snow  and  of  frames  for  the  rearing 
of  the  younger  generation,  they  hold  the  rock 
garden  to  be  the  only  fit  place  for  growing  the 
friendly  children  of  tlie  mountains. 

I  beg  to  disagree  with  these  gentlemen  for  a 
good  many 
reasonsalthough 
I  wiU  concede 
that  the  indivi- 
dual grown  a  id 
shown  in  the 
glass-house 
often  loses  some 
of  the  charac- 
teristics of  its 
near  relative  in 
the  open.  While 
I  prefer  growing 
as  many  plants 
as  possible  in 
the  rock  garden. 
1  admit  dainty 
objects  to  the 
house,  plants 
which  might  be 
spoiled  by  in- 
clement weather 
of  the  early 
months  and  also 
those  which  are 


SAXIFRAGA 
FLOWERS. 


OPPOSITIFOLIA     ALMOST      HIDDEN     WITH 
THE    WHITE    FORM    IS    SEEN    ABOVE. 


diificult  to  manage.  Here  I  think  of  many 
Primulas,  Androsaces  of  the  Aretia  type  and 
others. 

My  cold  house  is  a  lean-to  of  the  ordinary  villa 
type  and  not  the  ideal  place  to  grow  alpines  in. 
but  wonders  can  be  worked  with  goodwill  and  a 
little  adaptabiUty.  Needless  to  say  that  the 
ventilation  must  be  perfect.  Strict  cleanliness  and 
tidiness  is  advisable,  as  well  for  the  welfare  of 
the  plants  as  for  the  consummation  of  the  object. 
The  clean  pots  should  stand  on  beds  of  cinders 
or  pebbles,  but  for 
economical  reasons  I 
found  slabs  of  slate 
quite  serviceable.  I 
have  from  the  beginning 
introduced  the  moraine 
or  screes  principle  into 
the  house,  and  grow 
Sa.Kifrages.  Androsaces 
and  various  others  in  a 
mi.xture  which  contains 
in  many  cases  over 
50  per  cent,  chips. 
Firm  potting  under 
these  circumstances  is 
a  necessity,  but  I  have 
had  a  very  fair  amount 
of  success.  Watering  in 
winter  must  be  done 
judiciously  and  in  many 
cases  dispensed  with 
entirely  for  months. 

The  denizens  of  the 
Iiouse  will  vary  accord- 
ing to  individual  tastes. 
Some  prefer  showy 
plants,  while  I  have 
a  liking  for  interesting 
botanical  specimens, 
which  I  love  to  grow 
from  seed.  It  is  a 
fascinating  hobby,  full 
of  glory  and  disappoint- 
ment and  best  accom- 
plished in  the  house. 

Of    Saxifrages  I  have 

selected    those     flowers 

which  would  spoil  in  the 

rain,      Burserianas      ol 

kinds  for  instance.    The 

Englerias   are    specially 

and  I  would  like   to  say  here  a  warm 

Kellereri,  which  is  always  one  of  the 

first  to  open  its  pleasing  pink  flowers.     One  can  as  a 

rule  rely  on  it  in  the  first  days  of  January  (Christmas 

in  1920).     If  you  take  large  cuttings  of  S.  Boydii 

you    will    find    that    the    established    plants    will 

flower  rather  ampler  than  old  stools.   S.  Faldonside 

is  another  glorious  object,   but  somehow   we  are 

not  on  good  terms,  and  the  plant  will  not  flower 

for  me  satisfactorily. 

Unless  you  can  give  Primula  Foircstii  a  vertical 
rock  or  some  protection  against  superfluous 
moisture  this  species  is  best  grown  under  glass, 
where  the  difficulties  seem  to  disappear.  Mr. 
Hanbury's  garden  in  East  Grinstead  shows  admir- 
ably what  can  be  done  with  P.  Forrestii  in  per- 
pendicular rocks.  The  secret  of  P.  Winter!  is 
solved  by  frequent  shifts  into  larger  pots  and  by 
watering  from  underneath. 

Many  people  find  the  .Aretia  type  of  .•\ndrosace 
troublesome  to  grow.  I  shall  advise  them  to 
try  to   cultivate    these    fascinating  plants  in  pots 


116 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  5,  1921. 


on  the  screes  principle  in  an  even  mixture  of  loam 
and  sand  with  half  the  quantity  again  of  chips 
according  to  their  liking.  Do  not  water  from 
the  top,  but  immerse  the  pans  in  a  pail  of  water 
and  remove  before  the  surface  becomes  moist. 
In  this  way  I  have  managed  to  grow  and  flower 
individual  plants  for  five  seasons,  which  seems  to 
be  their  alloted  span  of  life  in  our  gardens.  The 
Swiss  botanist  Dr.  C.  Schroeter  tells  of  and  illus- 
trates examples  of  A.  helvetica  found  in  the  Alps, 
the  age  of  which  he  states  to  be  up  to  sixty  years. 
So  far  I  have  no  experience  in  growing  terrestrial 
Orchids  in  the  cold  house,  and  I  believe  a  good 
many  gardeners  would  welcome  a  contribution  of 
an  amateur  grower  to  this  valued  paper  on  that 
subject.  The  plants  amenable  to  cold  house 
cultivation  are  very  numerous  and  diversified, 
and  many  appetites  can  be  catered  for.  I  hope 
to  grow  this  year  the  beautiful  Orobanche  speciosa 
n  a  pan,  as  Broad  Beans,  the  host,  are  a  little  out 
of  place  in  a  rock  garden.  East  Molesey. 


hrst  introduced  in  1730,  it  is  by  no  means  as  freely 
cultivated  as  its  value  deserves.  Perhaps  this  is 
because  the  young  plants  do  not  transplant  readily, 
though  several  nurserymen  have  overcome  this 
difficulty  by  distributing  their  stock  in  pots.  As 
the  illustration  indicates,  the  yellow,  pea-like 
blossoms  are  borne  on  slender  terminal  racemes. 


Being  the  current  season's  growth,  fairly  hard 
pruning  is  desirable  in  March  each  year  to  encourage 
tlie  free  development  of  sturdy  shoots.  Growing 
from  3  feet  to  5  feet  or  6  feet  in  height,  according 
to  the  amount  of  pruning  practised,  Cytisus 
nigricans  is  a  useful  subject  for  a  lawn  bed,  and 
attractive  in  the  shrubbery  borders. 


A  Subject  for  a  Lawn  Bed 

(CYTISUS     NIGRICANS). 

Flowering  during  the  summer  and  autumn,  this 
yellow-flowered  Broom  is  a  native  of  Central  and 
South-Eastern  Europe.    Though  said  to  have  been 


EXHIBITION    VEGETABLES 

Should  Chefs  or  Growers  Judge   Garden 
Produce  at  Shows? 


THE     YELLOW      PEA-SHAPED     FLOWERS 
OF    CYTISUS    NIGRICANS. 


SO  the  ■'  good  old  annual  "  has  cropped  up 
again.  It  really  is  marvellous  how  it 
reappears,  and  how  many  otherwise  cute 
folk  seem  to  imagine  that  it  is  something 
new,  but  there  :  is  anything  controversial 
really  new  under  the  sun?  I  observe  in  The 
Garden  of  February  19,  that  an  old  friend  of  mine, 
and  one  for  whom  I  have  the  greatest  admiration, 
has  taken  part  in  the  game  that  is  oft-times 
known  as  "  Twisting  the  lion's  tail,"  and,  having 
placed  me  in  the  position  of  playing  "  lion,"  well, 
Mr.  F.  Herbert  Chapman  must  not  mind  me 
uttering  a  modest  roar.  First,  let  me  remark  that 
I  look  on  Mr.  Chapman  as  one  of  our  keenest  and 
cleverest  horticulturists,  and,  secondly,  I  cannot 
help  wondering  at  "  F.  H.  C."  ranging  himself  on 
the  side  of  the  "  little  vegetable  "  enthusiasts,  for  I 
have  a  recollection  of  him  exhibiting  at  one  time 
a  wonderously  large-sized  Capsicum,  quite  the 
largest,  in  fact,  that  I  recollect  ever  seeing,  and  of 
this  I  believe  he  was  very  proud.  On  this  detail 
1  was  at  variance  with  him,  for  be  it  confessed, 
this  is  a  vegetable  which  I  prefer  to  grow  on  the 
small  side,  both  for  appearance  as  well  as  culinary 
use.  Still,  perhaps  he  has  now  seen  the  error  of  his 
ways,  and  has  repented,  hence  his  appearance  in  the 
garb  of  penitent  alongside  that  famous  lady  con- 
tributor to  The  Garden  who  has  also  "  tweaked 
the  tail  of  the  lion "  on  the  same  subject,  or 
perchance  it  is  a  case  of  "  Saul  among  the  prophets." 
Yes  !  My  withers  are  still  unwning,  Mr.  Chapman. 
Now,  unless  I  am  much  mistaken,  this  contro- 
versy is  going  to  assume  larger  proportions  this 
season  than  heretofore,  and  will  prove  a  really 
important  and  not  uninteresting  matter,  and 
if  kind  "  Mr.  Editor  "  will  permit  me  the  room,  I 
will  enlarge  on  the  subject  somewhat. 

It  would  appear 'from  the  results  of  some  of  the 
"  Pens  "  of  the  horticultural  press  that  "  Beckett  " 
and  "  Huge  Exhibition  Vegetables  "  were  synony- 
mous terms,  but  let  me  assure  readers  that  such  is 
not  the  case.  Those  who  have  carefully  read,  not 
only  my  notes  in  the  Press,  but  also  the  book  on 
vegetables  which  I  had  the  pleasure  of  publishing 
a  few  years  back,  will  bear  out  the  following  state- 
ment. Frequent  emphasis  is  made  when  dealing 
with  "  Exhibition  Vegetables,"  that  medium  sized, 
well  grown,  good  shaped  specimens  should  generally 
be  selected  for  the  purpose  of  exhibiting  and  I 
think  I  can  claim  consistence  on  this  point  when 
staging  vegetable  exhibits  at  the  various  shows. 
So  far  as  the  book  is  concerned,  for  instance,  I 
write  of  exhibition  Beet,  "  The  finest  roots  are 
those  of  medium  size  "  ;  of  Cabbages,  "  of  medium 
dimensions,"  and  further  point  out  the  fact  that 
folk  make  a  great  mistake  in  believing  that 
the  largest  Cabbages  will  win  the  prizes ;  for 
Carrots  I  advise  "  Of  moderate  size,"  and  so  on 
through  the  volume,  but  space  does  not  here 
permit  of  further  quotation.  I  have  quoted 
sufficient,  however,  I  think,  to  justify  the  claim 
that  I  am  not  a  "  Big  Gooseberry  "  merchant ! 
Neither  am  I  a  crank  on  the  subject,  for  I  am 
convinced  that  there  is  a  proper  use,  not  only  for 


the  medium-sized  vegetables,  but  also  for  the  small 
and  the  monster.  The  old  "  bone  of  contention  " 
was,  I  believe,  quite  aged,  even  in  the  days  when 
I  recollect  first  visiting  a  local  show,  and  I  well 
recall  the  feeling  I  then  had  of  how  poor  were  the 
vegetables  shown,  and  how  poorly  staged,  and  I 
determined  there  and  then  to  try  to  play  my 
little  part  in  improving  matters.  I  have  lived 
long  enough  to  see  those  hopes  materialise  ; 
long  enough  to  see  good  vegetables  properly 
grown,  prepared  and  staged;  long  enough  in 
fact  to  see  the  vegetable  entries  at  exhibitions 
occupying  a  premier  position  and  drawing  as 
much  attention  and  admiration  as  the  floral 
and  other  exhibits.  And  now  it  looks  as  if 
some  wise  {sic)  folk  would  wish  us  to  retrogress, 
after  such  wonderful  progress  has  been  attained. 
What,  I  would  ask,  has  caused  such  wonderful 
improvement  in  the  quality  of  modern  vegetables, 
until  most  of  the  older  sorts  of  a  decade  or  two  ago 
are  practically  extinct  ?  Is  it  only  felicitous 
chance,  or  is  it  the  direct  result  of  aiming  for 
vegetables  of  exhibition  standard  ?  Having  asked 
those  two  questions  I  am  confident  the  jury  of 
public  opinion  will  give  a  verdict  to  the  effect  that 
exhibition  work  is  properly  to  be  credited  with  the 
improvements  effected. 

CHEFS  1;.  GARDENERS. 

It  is  with  keen  regret  and  great  misgiving  that 
I  read  the  letter  issued,  with  the  much  respected 
signatures  of  the  President  and  Secretary  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  attached,  to  wit,  those 
of  Lord  Lambourne  and  iVIr.  W.  R.  Dykes.  These 
two  gentlemen  have  gained  the  respect  and 
admiration  of  the  horticultural  world,  and  it  pains 
me  to  see  them  connected  with  the  movement 
summed  up  under  the  words,  "  decided  to  ask 
the  assistance  of  eminent  chefs  as  judges  in  making 
its  awards."  The  italics  are  mine,  and  I  look  on 
this  as  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  retro- 
gressive movements  it  has  ever  been  the  misfortune 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  to  make.  For 
this  Society,  above  all,  to  go  outside  the  profession 
for  assistance  in  making  its  awards  is,  to  my  mind, 
inconceivable.  I  do  not  wish  to  act  as  a  croaking 
prophet  of  evil,  but  I  cannot  help  feeling  that  this 
decision  will  split  asunder  the  horticultural  world, 
do  great  harm  and  set  back  the  clock  many  years. 
With  all  due  respect  to  the  chefs,  I  would  not 
purpose  having  an  exhibit  that  I  set  up  judged  by 
them,  and  would,  in  fact,  withdraw  where  I  found 
such  to  be  the  case.  Eminent  men  they  may 
be  in  their  own  profession,  artists  at  their  own 
craft,  but  why  judges  of  the  gardeners'  ?  I 
would  as  soon  have  a  gardener  to  pronounce  the 
verdict  on  the  gastronomical  creations  of  the  chefs  ; 
for,  on  the  line  of  reasoning  set  up,  surely  a  gardener 
should  be  as  capable  of  judging  cooking  as  a  chef, 
or,  in  fact,  any  other  unqualified  person,  is  of 
judging  the  results  of  a  gardener's  work  ! 

No !  The  right  men  to  judge  vegetable 
exhibits  are  the  men  who  are  efficiently  capable 
of  producing  first-class   vegetables — good,  common 


March  5,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


117 


sense  gardeners,  who  have  by  so  doing  proved 
their  right  to  pronounce  such  a  verdict,  and 
who,  therefore,  do  not  require  the  aid  of  a  member 
of  another  profession.  I  wonder  what  farmers 
would  say  if  chefs  were  set  up  to  judge  the  fat 
beasts  at  a  cattle  show ;  I  do  not  think  they 
would  be  satisfied.  And  to  recall  two  other  big 
exhibitions  held  in  London  each  year,  the  Bakery 
and  Confectionery  Exhibition  and  the  Brewers' 
Exhibition,  would  the  organisers  thereof  invite 
chefs,  gardeners  or  farmers  to  adjudicate  on  the 
merits  of  their  particular  exhibits  ?  I  cannot 
conceive  such  a  happening  for  one  moment. 
Why,  then,  should  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  take  such  a  step  and  set  up  such  a 
precedent  ? 

BIG  V.  SMALL  VEGETABLES. 

What  are  the  views  of  chefs  on  this  point  ? 
I  do  not  know  that  they  object  to  large,  well- 
grown  stems  of  Asparagus,  or  large  heads  of 
Seakale  ;  on  the  contrary,  the  larger  these  arc 
the  more  generally  they  are  appreciated,  and  the 
same  applies  to  many  other  vegetables.  Take, 
for  example,  the  garden  Pea.  Generally  speaking, 
the  larger-podded  and  seeded  varieties  are  far 
superior,  both  in  quality  and  flavour;  and  yet 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  letter,  above 
referred  to,  has  the  phrase,  "  Peas  will  be  com- 
mended not  so  much  for  the  large  size  and  plump 
appearance    of    the    pods,    as   for   the    tenderness 


pods  of  the  newer  and  improved  varieties,  and 
incidentally  larger  pods,  are,  in  my  opinion,  in 
every  way  superior  to  the  old-fashioned  sorts. 

Because  vegetables  may  appear  a  trifle  large 
on  the  show  table — and,  after  all,  they  are  always 
the  pick  of  the  basket — it  does  not  necessarily 
mean  they  are  not  fit  for  the  dinner  table. 

Another  point.  Do  not  the  large,  the  small 
and  the  medium  vegetables  generally  have  their 
own  particular  uses.  Take,  for  example,  the 
Onion.  What  is  more  delicious  than  a  large 
Onion  well  braised,  or  properly  boiled,  but  could 
the  medium  or  small  specimen  be  so  eflective  ? 
The  small  sorts,  however,  can  always  be  used 
for  seasoning  in  culinary  work — if  very  small 
how  useful  for  pickling  ! — while  there  are  many 
uses  for  the  medium  sizes.  Why  was  such  a 
large  trade  done,  and  still  maintained,  in  imported 
Onions  ?  Most  people  will  agree  with  me  when 
I  say  that  size  was  one  of  the  primary  factors, 
and  some  of  us,  at  any  rate,  have  been,  and  still 
are,  producing  the  large  size  of  Onion  with 
which  the  foreigner  has  previously  glutted  our 
markets. 

If  smallness  or  medium  growth  is  the  ideal, 
how  about  the  Turnip  ?  Ask  a  chef,  or  indeed 
even  the  most  ignorant  of  the  community,  how 
nasty  an  undersized  Turnip  can  prove — woody 
in  texture  and  strong  in  flavour,  and  no  com- 
parison to  the  medium  to  large  quickly  and  well- 
grown    root.     Why,    some    of    the    best    Turnips 


No !  my  merry  masters,  let  well  alone !  No 
phase  of  horticulture  has  improved  to  the  same 
extent,  in  my  opinion,  as  that  relating  to  vegetables 
during  the  past  fifty  years.  Do  not  cast  us  back 
decades  by  rendering  it  practically  obligatory 
to  place  on  the  show  staging  what  will  probably 
prove  to  be  undersized,  undergrown,  inferior 
specimens.  Do  not  drive  the  really  good  growers 
away  by  submitting  their  efforts  to  the  wisdom 
of  chefs !  One  knows  that  "  the  proof  of  the 
pudding  is  in  the  eating,'-'  but  a  good  pudding 
is  an  accomplished  fact  before  it  is  cooked, 
even  though  the  cookmg  has  much  to  do  with 
it,  for  poor  cooking  may  easily  mar  its  excellence, 
and  the  same  test  can  be  applied  to  a  good 
vegetable.  Do  not  discourage  exhibiting  by 
these  methods,  for  a  man  who  can  grow  good 
exhibition  vegetables  can  excel  with  the 
culinary  ones  without  a  doubt,  for,  after  all,  the 
former  are  generally  only  the  selection  from  the 
latter.  E.  Beckett. 


Snowdrops  in  a  Shropshire 
Woodland 

Nothing  is  prettier  among  the  flowers  of  early 
spring  than  clumps  of  Snowdrops  and  Daffodils 
dotted  here  and  there  in  the  grass  or  haphazard 


WHERE     SNOWDROPS     THRIVE. 


and  number  of  the  seeds  contained  therein."  In 
other  words,  one  can  imagine  this  to  mean  that 
good-sized,  good  texture,  good-flavoured  Peas 
will  be  at  a  discount  compared  with  half-grown 
pods  of  tiny  Peas.  We  shall  next  revert  to  the 
old-fashioned  field  Pea  at  this  rate.  This  may 
sound  rather  a  travesty  of  facts,  but  only  by 
going  from  the  sublime  to  the  ridiculous  can  the 
faultiness  of  the  suggestion  be  emphasised.  Again, 
take    Scavlet    Runner    Beans ;     the    long,    fleshy 


I  have  ever  eaten  have  been  grown  to  the  size 
of  a  cricket  ball  under  field  culture.  Again, 
Marrows,  instanced  in  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  letter  !  Lucky  persons,  as  a  rule,  who 
can  afford  Marrows  of  sufficient  smallness  to  boil 
whole ;  and  that  is  not  everyone's  taste  even 
then,  for  many  folk  prefer  the  large  Marrows, 
when  they  reach  the  mellow  stage  of  ripeness, 
and  as  a  winter  vegetable  a  fully-ripened  Marrow 
is  a  delicious  one  despite  it    size. 


in  shrubbery  and  parkland,  orchard  or  hedgerow, 
where  they  soon  become  established  and  spread, 
coming  up  year  after  year  in  greater  masses  of 
beauty  and  dainty  blossoms  in  the  early  days  of 
spring.  They  require  very  little  attention,  as 
when  once  planted  and  established  they  look 
after  themselves  and  increase  in  beauty  year  by 
year.  For  this  purpose  the  common  single 
Snowdrop  and  Daffodil  are  the  most  dainty  in 
effect  and  spread  the  quickest.   Wm.  M.  Dopson. 


118 


THE     GARDEN. 


[;\Iarch  5,  192 1. 


New    and    Rare    Plants 

FIHST-CLASS     CERTIFICATE. 

Cymbidium  Landrail  (Dryad  x  Lowianura). — 
An  exquisite  hybrid  of  almost  alabaster  whiteness 
through  which  a  flesh  tint  shows  to  marked 
advantage.  Of  such  colours  are  the  sepals  and 
petals,  the  lip,  which  is  large  and  pronounced, 
being  heavUy  chequered  with  velvet  crimson 
at  the  margin.  From  Lieutenant-Colonel  Sir 
George  Holford,  K.C.V.O.,  Westonbirt  (gardener 
Mr.  Alexander). 

DendrobJum  Model  The  Dell  Variety  (D. 
Cybell  X  D.  LobeU  Berkeley's  Variety), — -Perhaps 
the  handsomest  hybrid  that  has  yet  seen  the 
light.  The  pseudo  bulbs  are  more  than  2  feet 
in  length  and  richly  endowed  with  flowers.  These 
are  of  the  largest  size,  the  petals  heavUy  tipped 
wine  red  havmg  white  pink- suffused  bases.  The 
lip,  white  tipped,  is  marked  with  rosy  red  and  has 
a  huge  maroon  blotch  at  the  base.  Shown  by 
Baron  Bruno  Schroder,  The  Dell,  Englefield 
Green  (gardener,  Mr.  J.  E,  ShUl). 

AWARDS     OF     MERIT. 

Dendrobium    Butterfly    Low's    Variety    (D. 

Ainsworthi  x  D.  Chessingtonense). — ^This  charming 
hybrid  is  of  deep  chrome  yellow  throughout  save 
for  the  blood  crimson  base  to  the  lip,  which 
renders  it  so  conspicuous  among  its  fellows.  The 
fringed  petals  are  also  a  feature.  From  Messrs. 
Stuart  Low  and  Co , 
Crowborough. 
Primula  sinensis 

Intensity. — A  great  gain 

in  the  sinensis  section  of 

the  Primulas.    A  variety 

of   the  giant  class,    the 

handsome  flower  trusses 

of  intense  blood  crimson 

tower  clear  above   their 

leafy     foil,     the     usual 

golden   centre    replaced 

by    one    of    ferruginous 

brown,      bordered    with 

pale   mauve,  responsible  4 

for  a  novel  and  striking 

e  ff  e  c  t.       A    wondrous 

piece    of    colouring    per 

se    the    plants    were    in 

the     nature    of    natural 

bouquets.      The     award 

was  unanimous.     From  Messrs.     Sutton  and  Sons, 

Royal  Seed  Establishment,  Reading. 

Primula  malacoides  Pink  Beauty. — A  par- 
ticularly well  marked  variety  of  the  useful  species 
named.  The  individual  flowers  are  of  exceptional 
size,  coloured  a  rosy  mauve,  and  are  most  efiective. 
From  Mr.  Vandell,  Maidenhead. 

Viburnum  fragrans. — Said  to  have  endured 
10°  of  frost  with  impunity  and  flowering  at  this 
season,  this  Chinese  species  should  prove  of 
inestimable  value  for  winter  flowering.  The 
flowers,  individually  less  large  and  chaste  than 
those  of  V.  Carlesii,  are  fragrant  and  produced 
in  compact,  roundish  terminal  clusters.  They 
are  white  and  flesh  tinted.  From  E.  A.  Bowles, 
Esq.,  Myddelton  House,  Waltham  Cross. 


The  numerous  Dendrobium  hybrids  raised  at 
home  and  abroad  are  remindful  of  the  type,  a 
white  rabbit's  tail  tipped  with  red.  Many  such 
natural  wild  hybrids,  some  finer  than  those  we 
have,  are  found  in  the  Siamese  forests,  but  that 
put  up  by  Mr.  J.  E.  Shill  for  Baron  Schroder 
stands  out  hors  concours  above  everything  else. 
■With  a  pseudo  bulb  2  J  feet  high,  seven  flower- 
stalks,  each  with  twin  blooms,  all  the  flowers 
uniform  and  large,  perfect  in  shape,  substance 
and  colouring,  most  exquisitely  marked,  rhodo- 
mine  ?  carmine  ?  what  a  colour !  at  any  rate 
a  form  of  blue  red  of  several  shades  on  a  white 
ground,  flushed  in  the  right  places  with  typical 
colour  from  its  palest  shade  to  the  most  intense 
vivid   tint   at   the  tips  of  the  petals.     The  slight 


twist  of  the  petal  tips  is  of  the  deepest  colouring, 
thus  endowing  this  adornment  with  additional 
grace  and  charm.  The  labellum,  with  a  conspicu- 
ously clear  pale  eye  and  deeply  coloured  surround, 
on  white  ground,  edged  paler  tint  of  carmine  rose,  at 
the  brim,  was  perfectly  formed.       C.  A.  Jardine. 

(Late  Royal  Siamese  Forest  Service). 


^^I-^J^ 


■tsr 


A    CHOICE     DENDROBIUM 

Having  lived  in  the  home  of  Dendrobiums  in 
the  forests  of  Northern  Siam,  200  to  500  miles 
south  of  the  seat  of  the  late  Mr.  Reginald  Farrer's 
recent  unfortunate  expedition,  the  writer  has 
no  hesitation  in  stating  that  Baron  Schroder's 
hybrid  Dendrobium,  Model  The  Dell  variety,  which 
so  unanimously  received  a  first-class  certificate 
from  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Orchid 
Committee,  is  the  choicest  Dendrobium  hybrid 
ever  exhibited. 


VIBURNUM     FRAGRANS.      A     HARDY    WINTER- 
FLOWERING    SHRUB. 
Award  c/  Merit.      From  a  drawing  by  E.  A.  Bouilei 


Gardening   of  the    Week 

FOR     SOUTHERN     G.VRDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Planting   of   herbaceous   subjects   may   still  be 

carried  out  for  several  weeks  if  care  is  taken  in 

lifting  and  dividing  the  roots.     It  is  an  advantage 

on  light   soils   after   this   somewhat    late 

planting  to  mulch  with  some  well-decayed 

leaf-sou,  or  some  short  well- rotted  manure 

may    be    advisable   for    the   purpose   for 

■)  some  of  the  grosser  feeding  plants.     Upon 

"'  the  completion  of  planting   the   borders. 

Hollyhocks.     Pentstemons,     Violas     and 

Stocks    which    have    been    wintered    in 

frames  can  be  taken  in  hand  and  grouped 

where  required  on  the  borders.     It  Sweet 

Williams  and  Canterbury  Bells   were   not 

autumn   planted  they  should   be  seen  to 

at  once. 

Pampas  Grass. — This  grass,  though 
1  if  ten  seen  grown  as  single  specunens, 
should  really  be  boldly  grouped  to  obtain 
tlie  best  results.  Old  plants  may  now 
be  trimmed  and  cleaned  and  fresli 
plants  put  in.  If  possible,  a  few 
large  clumps  of  Kniphofias  should  be 
planted  in  conjunction  with  the  Pampas, 
for  the  two  make  an  excellent  show 
together  in  the  autumn. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Herbs. — -These  plants,  among  the  most 
important,  occupy  only  odd  bits  of  borders, 
but  they  are  really  worth  a  piece  of  garden  being 
devoted  to  them  entirely.  This  can  then  be 
planned  out  as  taste  dictates,  and  a  herb  garden 
can  be  made  most  attractive  and  instructive. 
Quite  one  of  the  most  pleasing  herb  gardens  I 
have  seen  was  where  each  important  variety  had 
a  small  bed  to  itself,  and  while  some  were  edged 
with  Box,  others  were  treated  with  Thymes 
and  Thrifts.  In  addition  to  the  usual  herbs, 
excellent  use  was  made  of  Lavender  plants  and 
Rosemary,  while  a  few  plants,  such  as  Bergamot 
(Monarda  didyma),  had  been  planted  because 
'it  the  sweetness  of  their  foUage. 

Potatoes  growing  in  frames  and  showing  signs 
of  dryness  should  on  a  bright  morning  receive 
a  thorough  soaking  with  tepid  water.  A  top- 
dressing  of  some  old  potting  soil  and  some  flaky 
leaf-soil  with  it  will  benefit  the  plants.  On  a 
warm  border,  and  providing  the  soil  is  in  good 
working  order,  the  first  planting  may  be  made 
outside.  If  the  soil  be  at  all  heavy,  after  opening 
the  trench  ready  for  the  sets,  put  in  a  good  dressmg 
of  flaky  leaf-soil  and  plant  the  tubers  in  it. 

Perpetual  Spinach. — Encourage  this  excellent 
\-egetable  to  make  new  growth  by  giving  a  dusting 
of  soot  on  a  dry  day,  hoeing  in  afterwards. 

Seeds  of  Spinach,  early  Carrots  and  Turnips 
may  be  sown  now  on  warm  borders.  A  sowing 
of  Parsley  should  be  made,  but  this  need  not 
necessarily  occupy  such  a  favoured  spot. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Winter  Zonals. — Cuttings  should  be  got  in 
with  as  little  delay  as  possible.  Whether  placed 
singly  in  small  pots  or  several  round  the  sides  of 
a  larger  one,  they  should  be  made  quite  firm, 
and  the  pots  afterwards  placed  on  a  shelf  in  gentle 
heat  and  free  from  excessive  moisture  To  obtain 
large  plants  for  flowering  next  winter  some  of  the 
old  stools  should  be  retained.  Should  none  of 
them  be  required  for  growing  on  again  they  will 
flower  splendidly  outdoors  during  the  suimner 
months.  Summer-flowering  Pelargoruums  should 
be  kept  growing  in  a  light  position  with  a  little 
iire-heat,  and  aired  freely  when  the  conditions 
merit  it.  Assist  the  plants  when  well  supplied 
with  roots  with  weekly  apphcations  of  manure 
water,  and  fumigate  occasionally  to  keep  green- 
fly   in    check,    which    is    somewhat    troublesome 

with  these  plants. 

Gardenias. — Insert    cuttings    as    they    become 

available,   using  a  light  compost   to  which  some 

peat   has   been    added    for    the   rooting   medium. 

.A  brisk,  moist  heat  must  be  given  to  the  cuttings. 


March  5,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


119 


and  afterwards  for  the  growing  on  of  the  plants. 
To  obtain  "good  bushes  insert  three  cuttings  in 
Ihe  same  pot.  and  grow  on  without  any  disturb- 
ance. Old  plants,  rested  a  while  and  cut  back 
and  grown  on  the  second  season,  also  g.ve  good 
returns. 

The  Conservatory. — .\n  abundance  of  material 
is  now  available  for  the  embellishment  of  this 
structure,  and  an  added  charm  may  frequently 
be  given  by  carrying  out  different  schemes  of 
colour  grouping.  With  the  longer  and  brighter 
davs  root  action  is  naturally  more  vigorous,  and 
it  is  safe  to  use  stimulants  rather  more  frequently 
among  such  subjects  as  Cinerarias,  Primulas, 
Cyclanren  and  Arums, 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Early  Peaches. — -Nothing  is  gained  by  being 
in  too  great  a  hurry  tying  down  the  young  growths, 
but  care  should  be  taken  to  note  that  no  growths 
which  are  required  for  another  season  get  estab- 
lished the  wrong  side  of  the  trellis.  The  removal 
of  siu-plus  growths  should  be  carried  out  gi'adually 
to  cause  no  check  to  the  trees.  The  thinning 
of  the  fruits  also  should  be  very  gradually  carried 
out.  and  if  any  trouble  has  been  experienced 
in  any  previous  season  during  tlie  stoning  period 
the  hiipj  thinning  out  may  well  be  left  until  this 
period  is  safely  over. 

Figs. — Early  trees  In  pots  may  be  stopped 
at  the  fourth  or  fifth  leaf  also  those  in  borders, 
unless  wood  is  required  for  extension.  It  may 
be  necessary  to  give  the  pot  plants  a  top-dressing 
to  prevent  exhaustion  if  carrying  a  heavy  crop. 
Use  good  fibrous  loam,  and  add  to  it  a  little  old 
mortar  rubble  and  a  sprinlding  of  bone-meal. 

H.    Tl'RNFR 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albui-y  Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Brasslcas. — Savoys,  maincrop  Cabbage,  Cauli- 
flowers, Broccoli  and  Kale  should  now  be  sown 
on  a  well  prepared  seed-bed  for  general  planting, 
while  at  the  same  time  a  few  more  lines  of  Lettuce 
may  be  sown  for  succession.  Use  sifted  soil  to 
cover  the  seeds  where  the  ground  is  heavy  and 
protect  from  birds  by  netting  the  plot. 

Broad  Beans. — The  main  sowing  of  these  may 
now  be  made,  and  although  less  fastidious  as  to 
soil  than  most  things,  yet  ground  that  is  well 
worked  and  enriched  pays  in  the  end.  Early 
Mazagan  and  Windsor  are  most  suitable  for  the 
early  crop  and  Longpod  tor  general  use,  while 
Bunyard's  Exhibition  and  Leviathan  should  be 
grow-n  where  the  larger  types  are  desired. 

Onions. — Where  this  crop  does  well  when 
sown  in  the  open,  now  is  an  opportune  time  to 
sow.  The  crop  enjoys  a  deep  and  well  worked 
soil,  which,  if  dig  some  time  ago,  should  now  be 
broken  down  with  a  fork,  at  the  same  time  giving 
a  good  dressing  of  soot.  After  thoroughly  raking 
the  surface,  drills  for  the  seed  should  be  drawn  a 
foot  apart  and  an  inch  in  depth.  Sow  the  seed 
evenly  and  thinly,  and  if  any  burnt  refuse  is 
available  scatter  it  over  the  surface  before  levelling 
the  drills.  For  this  outside  sowing  James's  Long- 
Keeping,  Brown  Globe  and  Bedfordshire  Champion 
are  reliable  sorts. 

Onion  Sets.- — Where  there  is  a  diffictilty  in 
raising  Onions  from  seed  the  above  prove  an 
excellent  substitute,  as  they  are  most  satisfactory 
for  early  use  and  generally  yield  a  fine  crop  of 
bulbs.  Plant  any  time  during  this  month  when 
the  ground  is  in  a  favourable  condition.  The 
rows  should  be  a  foot  apart,  and  the  sets  5  inches 
apart  in  the  rows. 

Herbs. — A  number  of  the  perennial  herbs  are 
best  lifted  and  replanted  every  three  or  four  years, 
and  now  is  quite  a  suitable  period  to  have  the  work 
done.  Mint  in  particular  enjoys  this  attention 
as  after  a  few  years  the  growth  becomes  stunted 
and  dies  out  in  parts.  If  unable  to  carry  out 
transplanting,  a  suitable  top-dressing  should  at 
at  once  be  given.  Tarragon,  Th^Tne  and  Marjoram 
also  transplant  well  just  now,  while  a  fresh  bed  of 
Sage  should  be  made  up  occasionally  either  from 
seed  sown  indoors  now  or  from  cuttings  inserted 
in  frames  during  the  autumn. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 
Hybrid     Calceolarias. — See    that    these    are 

not  allowed  to.  become  pot-bound  before  getting 
their  hnal  shift,  as  they  are  inclined  to  push  out 
their  flower-spikes  prematurely  if  root  action 
is  checked.  A  suitable  compost  in  which  to 
repot  is  one  part  of  good  loam,  half  part  of  leaf- 
mould  and  a  quarter  of  silver  sand,  with  a  dusting 
of    an    approved    fertiliser.     When,    potting,    see 


that  the  soil  is  not  pressed  too  firmly,  otherwise 
the  roots  will  not  run  so  freely. 

Dahlias. — Tubers  should  now  be  placed  in  heat. 
.Arrange  on  the  bed  of  a  forcing  pit,  working  some 
leaf-mould  among  the  roots.  Spray  occasionally, 
when  they  will  soon  break  into  growth  and  so 
allow  of  cuttings  being  taken. 

Chrysanthemums. — Where  the  cuttings  of 
these  have  rooted  freely  they  should  now  be 
potted  up  according  to  requirements.  After 
root  action  commences  again  they  may  be  moved 
into  a  cool  frame ;  when  hardy  growth  may  be 
encouraged  by  admitting  air  freely  during  fine 
weather. 

Sweet  Peas. — Where  the  finer  varieties  are 
grown  it  is  almost  essential  that  they  should  be 
started  in  pots  or  narrow  boxes  and  planted  out. 
Seed  should  be  sown  at  once,  and  is  best  germinated 
in  a  moderately  warm  house,  transferring  to  a 
cool  frame  as  soon  as  they  show  their  second 
leaves.  Grow  them  as  stiurdily  as  possible  so 
that  they  suffer  no  check  when  planted  out  in 
their  flowering  quarters. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Planting.— If  wet  weather  or  other  circum- 
stances liave  hindered  the  planting  of  hardy 
fruit  trees,  this  worli  should  be  carried  out  without 
further  loss  of  time.  Although  it  is  not  too  late 
for  this  work,  every  day  tells  in  favour  of  the 
bushes  or  trees  which  are  planted  earlv. 

The  Loganberry.  —  If  Loganberries  are 
grown  they  should  now  be  thinned  out  and  the 
strong  fresh  growths  tied  in.  Where  there  is  a 
desne  to  plant  these  it  w-ould  be  advisable  for  the 
grower  to  find  a  site  for  them  in  some  of  the  outer 
portions  of  the  garden  where  accommodation  is 
not  limited  and  where  their  rampant  growth 
does  not  intrude  readUy  on  other  crops. 
James  McGran' 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.). 

Cr.odham   Kilmarnock. 


Davison  (eghteen  corms  w.l\  Euffice),  Phlox  Elizab^-th 
Campbell,  Scabiosa  caucasica  Beauty  of  Exmouth, 
Pyrcthrum  Aphrodite,  Iris  Prosper  Laugier,  Aster  Beauty 
of  Ronsdorf,  Heucliera  Pink  Pearl,  Phlox  Le  Matidi  and 
Iris  Ivnysna.  Take  these  in  the  order  named,  and  plant 
from  the  same  end  in  each  ease.  "We  take  it  the  border 
has  been  well  prepared.  Jasmilium  officinale  affine  and 
Clematis  Miss  Bateman  might  be  added  to  the  wall. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— T/t^  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Gakdkn  helpful  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  ivith  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Ansivers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  uriiten  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tainstock 
Street,  Coi^ent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  cleaily  nunibered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  ftowering 
shoots,  zvhere  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  nut  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  busiriess  shoidd  be  sent  to  the  PtJBLlSHEU. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

NARCISSI  UNSATISFACTORY  (Pandora).— The  appear- 
ance of  the  buds  leads  us  to  suppose  that  the  plants  were 
brought  into  heat  before  the  roots  were  well  formed, 
or  that  the  varieties  are  unsuitable  for  forcing. 

HANGING  PLANT  FOR  A  JAR  (Felsted).— The  Creeping 
Jenny.  Lysimachia  Nummularia,  would  be  a  very  suitable 
plant  for'an  All  r.:il);i  jar.  It  is  easy  to  grow  and  produces 
its  rich  ytllitw  l)|n>-riiiis  freely  in  summer  and  autumn. 

THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  HELXINE.  AND  OTHER 
QUESTIONS  (h.  N.,  Tuiibridgo  Wells).— We  fear  the  use 
of  a  weedkiller  would  be  fatal  to  the  garden,  but  perhaps 
if  our  correspondent  pours  boiling  water  on  the  Helxine 
it  may  kill  it,  or  at  least  reduce  it,  but  that  woi.ld  be 
dangerous  to  other  plants  growing  near  by.  Nothing 
but  hand  weeding  seems  possible.  To  ^emo^e  Lichen 
from  Azaleas  they  should  have  been  sprayed  with  caustic 
soda  (if,  as  we  suppose,  they  are  deciduous  ones),  but  it  is 
too  late  to  do  that  now,  as  in  all  probability  the  buds  are 
beginniuc  to  burst.  Spraying  now  with  Bordeaux 
mixture  would  assist  in  removing  the  Lichen  and  would 
be  safe  for  the  next  week  or  two, 

PLANTS  FOR  A  NARROW  HERBACEOUS  BORDER 
(Madame). — As  there  are  climbers  already  on  tlm  wall, 
it  were  better  to  confine  the  boixler  planting  to  two  lines 
of  groups,  the  latter  appearing  informally.  By  planting 
three  of  each  subject  in  the  back  line  and  five  of  each 
in  the  front  line  of  groups  effectiveness  would  soon  be 
reached.  The  following  are  good  subjects  for  the  back 
line :  Helenium  July  Sun,  Phlox  Mrs.  E.  H.  Jenkins, 
Delphinium  Rev.  E.  Lasrelles,  Aster  cordifnlins  Photo- 
graph, Helenium  autumnale  rubrum,  Helianllms  Miteore, 
Delphinium  Duke  of  Connaught,  Aster  Jirii^htrst  and 
Best,  Helianthus  multillorus  maximus,  Delphinium 
Lamartine,  Helrnium  Kiverton  Gem,  and  Aster  cordifolius 
Diana.  Set  the  groups  out  to  nearly  2*  feet  across, 
allowing  a  like  distance  between  cacli  group.  For  the 
front  line :  Montbretia  Hereward  (eighteen  corms  will 
be  needed  for  a  group  of  this).  Aster  King  Geroge,  Iris 
Mrs.    Darwin,    Pyrethrum    Hamlet,    Montbretia    George 


ROSE     GARDEN. 

ROSES  UNSATISFACTORY  (A.  G.,  Surrey).— Mid- 
March  would  be  quite  early  enough  to  prune  the  Kose 
trees  of  Hybrid  Perpetuals  and  on  to  mid-April  of  Hybrid 
Teas.  It  is  little  use  spraying  immediately  after  pruning 
but  it  would  be  advisable  to  spray  with  lead  arsenate 
soon  after  growth  begins. 

PRUNING  ROSES  (Throwlegh).— If  as  we  surmise 
the  trees  have  been  planted  this  season  or  last  autumn, 
we  should  advise  pruning  all  the  varieties  do^^Ti  to  about 
three  or  four  eyes  fiom  their  base.  Next  year  Hed  Letter 
Day  and  Mme.  Abel  Chatcnay  should  not  be  pruned  so 
severely.  The  best  book  on  pruning  Koses  is  published 
by  the  National  Ko'^c  Society,  but  it  is  issued  only  to 
members.  Our  correspondent  would  do  well  to  join  the 
Society  as  the  literature  alone  is  well  worth  the  10s.  6d. 
.subscription. 

THE     GREENHOUSE. 

ASPIDISTRA  FLOWERING  (Keen  Amateur).— It  is 
quite  natural  for  the  .\Kjiidistra  to  flower,  though  it  cannot 
be  described  as  a  frequent  occurrence.  Assuming  the 
plants  are  healthy  and  vigorous  there  is  no  need  to  remove 
the  flowers. 

CULTIVATION  OF  SOLDANELLAS  (D.  f.  M..  Radnor- 
shire).— These  plants  not  improbably  miss  both  the 
mountain  and  the  snow,  and  faced  continually  with  the 
^^cissitudes  of  lowland  England  are  ofttn  unhappy  in 
consequence.  The  cold  greenhouse,  provided  the  plants 
were  set  on  a  cnol  base  and  not  on  an  airy  trellis  stage; 
might  suit  them  well.  A  matter  of  importance  is  getting 
good  growth  into  the  plants  in  summer  time.  To  secure 
this  break  up  the  plants  freely  from  mid-March  to  April 
and  replant  firmly  in  very  sandy  peat  and  leaf-soil.  This 
is  vital ;  loose  planting  is  fatal.  We  would  not  favour 
pan  cultivation  unless  the  receptacles  were  deep  ones — 
6  inches  or  more — and  copiously  drained  so  that  watev 
might  freely  percolate  away.  Generally,  however,  they 
are  happier  with  moraine  treatment  outdoors  in  the  rock 
garden  or  elsewhere.  Apparently  our  correspondent 
has  been  keexing  some  of  the  plants  too  dry.  That  is 
quite  wTong.  Dryness  with  these  plants  can  most  ceitainly 
be  carried  too  far,  and  where  leaf  loss  follows  it  has  of  a 
sumty  been  overdone.  Under  cultivation  they  appreciate 
moisture,  coolness  and  partial  shade.  Apart  from  tlic  soil 
mixture  above  mentioned,  and  free  breaking  up.  wedging 
the  units  tightly  between  lumps  of  sandstone  all  but  buried 
from  view  would  assist  appreciably.  Given  these,  a 
position  in  the  rock  garden  shoidd  suit  them  b^st,  and  all 
else  being  in  oidei,  success  should  follow  as  a  naturrl 
result. 


TREES    AND     SHRLTRS. 

ARBUTUS  ANDRACHNE  (Felsted).— This  tree  ouglit 
to  succeed  in  Essex  ;  it  requires  similar  soil  to  A.  Unedo. 
A  sheltered  position  sliould  be  pro\ided. 

AZALEAS  ATTACKED  (Pandora).— The  caterpillars 
which  were  the  cause  of  the  curling  of  the  leaves  had 
disappeared,  so  cannot  be  identified,  but  it  would  be  well 
to  pick  off  and  burn  any  such  leaves  as  soon  as  they  are 
discovered. 

SUITABLE  TREES  TO  FORM  A  HEDGE  (R.  A.  H.  W., 
Essex). — A  very  good  informal  hedge  could  be  made  to 
screen  off  the  garden  from  the  tennis  court  with  PjTUS 
floribunda  and  P.  f.  atrosanguinea.  Trees  could  be 
planted  8  feet  apart  and  they  would  soon  grow  together. 
They  could  be  growni  without  pruning  if  there  is  plenty 
of  room  available.  Trees  branched  low  on  the  stem 
should  be  procured.  Trees  may  be  obtained  from  either 
Mr.  Anthony  W'aterer.  Knap  Hill,  Surrey,  or  Mr.  Notcutt, 
Woodbridge.  Essex. 

THE  LOTUS,  LOTOS  OR  LOTE  TREE  (G.  C.).— This 
must  not  be  confounded  with  the  Lotus  Lily  or  Sacred 
Bean,  a  totally  distinct  plant  ;  it  was  the  Zizyphus  Lotus 
and  one  of  the  plants  supposed  to  have  yielded  the 
seductive  sweet  fruits  from  which  the  ancient  Lotophagi 
took  their  name.  Nitraria  tridentata,  a  shrubby  plant 
of  Zygophyllege  occurring  in  Northern  Africa  has.  by  some 
writers,  been  described  as  tlie  true  Lotus  tree.  Reference 
is  made  to  this  subject  in  "  Plant  Lore,  Legends  and 
Lyrics,"  by  Richard  Folkard.  Junr..  wherein  many 
interesting  matters  of  a  similar  nature  are  discussed. 

FRUIT     GARDEN. 

TIPPING  RASPBERRY  CANES  AT  WINTER   PRUNING 

(Throwlegh). — It  is  no  new  experience  to  find  Raspberries 
bearing  iruit  on  the  tip  end  of  the  unripemd  canes  when 
permitted  to  do  so.  The  question  arises  wliclhcr  this  is 
not  done  at  the  expense  ot  the  weight  of  fruit  lower  down 
the  cane.  It  certainly  makes  it  more  difficult  to  protect 
the  fniit.  We  woulu  advise  ouj  correspondent  to  trj' 
a  few  of  the  canes  both  ways  and  note  result.  The 
larger  canes  could  be  trained  obliquely.  Such  canes,  as 
grown  by  our  correspondent,  ought  to  give  hea^•>'  crops. 
Perhaps  too  many  canes  are  grown  to  each  root  stock. 
Four  such  heavy  canes  would  be  quite  sufficient. 


j\IISCELL.\NEOUS. 

PIPING  FOR  BOILER  (.Anxious).- Of  2-inch  piping 
twice  the  length,  i.e.,  200  feet,  would  be  required,  and 
of  3-ineh  appntxiniately  150  feet,  to  equal  the  quantity 
of  4-inch  pipinii  civrn.  This  would  render  the  area  of 
radiating  surfaee.  upon  which  all  calcuhitions  of  heating 
are  based,  pnictieally  the  same. 


120 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March   5,    1921. 


INSECTS  FOR  IDENTIFICATION  (A.  F.,  Salop)  — 
The  insects  sent  are  Alder  flies  and  their  cocoons,  and 
they  are  neither  injurious  nor  useful.  Some  oi  them  have 
been  parasitised  and  the  ichneumons  are  hatching  with 
the  rest  ot  the  flies. 

DRESSING  A  LAWN  (E.  C'.).— The  lawn  may  be  given 
a  good  dressing  of  farmyard  manure  after  as  much  as 
possible  of  the  moss  has  been  raked  out  ;  then,  in  April, 
apply  a  light  dressing  of  sulphate  of  ammonia  mixed 
with"  sand  in  order  that  it  may  be  distributed  evenly. 
Basic  slag  is  a  slow-acting  manure,  and  it  is  probable 
that  little  or  no  improvement  would  be  seen  for  a  year. 
The  farmyard  manure  and  sulphate  of  amnionia  will 
have  an  iromediate  effect,  liowtvrr. 

HEATING  A  SMALL  GREENHOUSE  (Novice).— We 
cannot  recommend  heating  a  grrcuhousr,  even  occasion- 
ally, by  lighting  a  flre  in  a  large  flower-pot.  as  without 
a  means  of  getting  rid  of  smoke  and  fumes,  plant  life 
would  be  seriously  injured.  Oil  lamps  and  small  stoves 
consuming  anthracite  cobbles  are  frequently  resorted  to 
for  the  purpose,  though  the  abominations  of  the  oil  lamp 
are  very  considerable  unless  everything  in  connection 
is  kept  scrupulously  clean. 

"REPERTOIRE  DiE  C  0  U  L  E  U  R  S  "— POCKET 
EDITION  (A.  F.  T.,  U.S.A.).— As  there  appears  to  be  some 
little  interest  in  the  publication  of  this  long-promised 
edition  of  the  French  Chrysanthemum  Society's  Colour 
Chart,  which  was  delayed  by  the  war,  it  may  be  useful 
to  give  the  following  information.  In  October.  1919,  at  a 
meeting  of  that  Society  in  Paris  the  question  was  brought 
up  and  discussed  and  finally  it  was  resolved  that  an 
attempt  should  be  made  to  come  to  some  arrangement 
with  a  publisher-  Nothing  appears  to  Jiave  been  satis- 
factorily done  and  a  year  later  the  secretary  was  com- 
pelled to  announce  that  neither  in  Paris  nor  in  Lyons  could 
negotiations  be  entered  into  with  a  publisher  that  would 
permit  the  Society  to  bring  out  this  very  useful  and  much- 
needed  edition.  It  was  reluctantly  felt  that  the  publica- 
tion ot  what  would  be  a  most  valuable  working  colour 
chart  for  gardeners  and  nurserymen,  must  be  deferred 
until  better  times  arrive  when  the  cost  would  be 
justified.— C.  H.  P. 

*'The  Orchid  Review." — It  is  regretted  that, 
owing  to  the  serious  illness  of  the  Editor,  Mr. 
R.  A.  Rolfe,  publication  of  *'  The  Orchid  Review  '  * 
will  be  suspended  until  further  notice.  The 
repayment  of  advance  subscriptions  will  be 
effected  as  soon  as  possible. 

MAURICE  PRIGHARD'S 

Catalogue  of  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants, 

Aquatics,  etc.,  now  ready  for  1921.  Many 
new  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  therein. 
New  Aubrietias,   Nev/  Saxifragas. 

New  Moraine  Alpine  Plant  offered  for  first  time — 
Epodium   chamaedpyoides  rosea  (R.V.P.) 

Cuttilogue  sent  free,  2d.  stump. 

Riverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 

E-<Uiblishcd  30  ycari.. 

Forbes'  1921  Catalogue 

Carnations.  Pelargoniums.  Pentstemons. 

Phloxes.  Florists'  Flowers. 

Hardy    Border    Perennials.  Seeds,   etc. 

FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 

JOHN  FORBES  (Hawick)  Limited,  The  King's 

Nurserymen,    Hawick,    Scotland. 


Send  a  Post  Card  for  a  copy 
of  our  beautifully  Illustrated 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of 


^  Scotch  Seed  Potatoes 


and  other  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds.  No  keen 
gardener  should  be  without  this  most  interesting 
Guide,  which  gives  comparative  results  of  a  cropping 
trial  of  about  30  of  the  most  popular  varieties  of 
Potatoes.    Write  to-day  mentioning  this  paper. 

Special  quotations  to  larfie  buyers,  also  to 
Allotment  Associations- 


THYNE  &  SON 


Potato     DUNDEE 

Merchants    **VnU^Z, 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

New  Descriptive  Catalogue  ready,  free. 
SAXIFRAQA          Apiculata,    9d.  Irvingii,    1/6 

)■  Elizabettise,   9d.  Sancta,    9d. 

»  Faldonside,    1;6  Salomoni,  1  - 

FREDK.    G.     WOOD,    MARSDEN     NURSERY, 
ASHTEAD,    SURREY. 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES,    HEEBACEOUS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS, 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY  MONDAY    WEDNESDAY   &   FRIDAY    b> 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 


at  their  Cfutral  Sale  Rooms, 
67     &    68,     CHEAPSIDE, 

Gitalncufs   on  Application. 


E.C.2 


Looks  Well— Lasts  Long 

Fluvex  Roofing  Felt  -  a  Rreat  im- 
provement on  tarred  felt— ready  to 
lay  clean  to  handle— no  painting 
—  time  and  weatherproof.  Sold  by 
Hiirdware  Merchants  everywhere. 

IPLES     The  Ruherold  Co..  Ltd. 
FRF.b-:.  (Dpt.S).  81.Kn)ghtridcrSt.,E.C. 


CAU  LI  F  LONA/  E  R 


DANIELS' 


'  MAY     QUEEN." 


The  fastest  growing,  quickest  heading  variety  in 
existt'nce.  Planted  in  ,\Uirch,  large  white  heads 
may  be  cut  during  May  and  June.  Autumn-sown 
plants.  3/6  per  100;  50  lor  21-  :  500  for  16-. 
Ciirriage  Paid,  with  CtiltLu-al  Hints. 

DANIELS  &  SON,  Dept.  G.N.,  Wjmoiidhani,  Norfolk. 


THE    BEST  INSECTICIDE 


OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAP 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  41b.  and  71b.  tins. 

All    Packages     bear    MaUer's     name,    and     the     public    are 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON      &     TENNANT,     LTD., 

Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN. 

We  Guarantee  all  Seed  sold  as  Scotch  to  be  Direct  'from 
Scotland  this  Season.  The  Scottish  Board  of  Agriculture 
Certificate  Number  will  be  given  with  all  Scotch  Seed  Orders. 

IMMUNES,   SCOTCH. 

lUb.     561b.       2811).       141b.  "lb. 

Dargill  Early 32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Witch  Hill         40/         21/       11/  6/  3/6- 

Arran  Rose      25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Edzell  Blue      25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Qreat  Scot       24/         13/        7/  4/  2/6 

Ally 24/  13/         7/  4/  2/6 

King  Qeorge 20/        11/         6/  3/6  2/6 

Arran  Comrade      .  .      .  .     24/        13/        7/  4/  2/6 

The  Bishop      32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Majestic 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Victory         .  .      . .     24/         13/        7/  4/  2/6 

Kerr's     Pink 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Lochar        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Templar 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Qolden  Wonder      .  .      .  .     24/        13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Langworthy      24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Abundance        24/         13/        7/  4/  2/6 

Tinwald  Perfection       .  .     24/         13/        7/  4/  2/6 

"K.  of  K."  (Kn-li-li)    ..     50/        26/      14/  8/  5/ 

NON-IMMUNES,   SCOTCH. 

Myatt's  Ashleaf      ..      ..     40/         21/      11/  6/  3/6 

May  Queen       40/         21/      11/  6/  3/6 

Duke  of  York  .  .      . .     34/         18/         9/6         5/3  3/ 

Midlothian  Early  . .      .  .     34/         18/         9/6        S/3  3/     , 

Ninetyfold         32/         17/         9/  5/  3/     I 

Puritan      32/         17/         9/  5/  3/     , 

Sharpe's  Express  .  .      .  .     25/         13/6       7/6         4/3  2/6  ' 

Sir  John  Llewellyn       . .     25/         13/6      7/6        4/3  2/6 

Early  Eclipse 25/         13/6      7/6         4/3  2/6 

Epicures 22/        12/        7/  4/  2/6 

Sharpe's  Victor       ..      ..     21/         11/6      6/6        3/6  2/3 

Early  Rose       21/        11/6      6/6        3/6  2/3 

Ringleader        21/        11/6      6/6        3/6  2/3 

Pink  Hebron 21/        11/6      6/6        3/6  2/3 

Eating  Potatoes  10/  —  —  —  — 

British  Queen 25/        13/        7/  4/  2/6 

Up-to-Date       25/         13/        7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Chief     22/         11/6      6/6        4/  2/6 

Oalhousle 22/         11/6      6/6        4/  2/6 

Iron   Duke  22/         11/6       6/6         4/  2/G 

THE    EARLY    NON-IMMUNE   COLLECTION.  | 

3Ub.    oacli    Myatt's    Ashleaf,    Sharpe's     Express, 

Midlothian   Early,  Early  Rose. 

The  CoUfclion,  10/-.     Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE    EARLY    IMMUNE   COLLECTION. 

3AIb,  each  Dargill  Early,  Arran  Rose,  Witch  Hill, 

Edzell  Blue. 

The  Colkction,  10/-.     Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE     SECOND     EARLY     AND     MAINCROP     IMMUNEM 

COLLECTION. 

3ilb.  each  "  K.  of  K.,"  Arran  Comrade,  Majestic, 

The  Bishop. 

The  Collection,  11/-.     Double  Quantity,  21/-. 

No  variety  can  be  substituted.    All  coUcrt*ous  are  packed 

in  separate  bag.^,  correctly  named,  and  delivered  to  your  door 

in  one  parcel,  carriage  paid,  by  passenger  train.    All  Seeds  in 

the    above    collection    are    Scotch,    except    Early    Rose  and 

•  K.  of  K." 


HORTICULTURAL'  MANURES' 

1121b.     561b.       281b.  ' 


141b. 
2/ 
2/6 
5/6 
4/6 
3/6 


71b. 
3/ 

z/e> 

2/ 


Basic  Slag,  3(1  %    . .      . .  12/  6/6  3/6 

Superphosphate,  30  %..  13/  7/  4/ 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia  40/  20/  10/ 

Potash  (Kainit)       . .      . .  32/  16/  8/ 

All  Round  Manure        . .  24/  12/  6/ 
(Our  Own  Mi-xinj^.) 

CARRIAGE    PAID    PASSENGER    RATES. 

Seeds  and  Manures  can  be  sent  carriage  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included.  It  is  much  cheaper  to  send  any  weight 
up  to  281b.  by  passenger  than  goods. 


Up  to  30  miles 
Up  to  50  miles 
Up  to  100  miles 
Up  to  200  miles 
Over     200  miles 


71b. 

1/ 
1/ 
1/ 
1/ 
1/ 


141b. 
1/4 
1/6 
1/7 
1/9 
1/11 


281b. 
1/9 
1/11 

2/1 
2/4 
2/11 


561b. 
2/4 

2/6 
3/6 
4/6 
5/10 


1121b. 

3/3' 
4/3 
6/3  ■ 
8  4 
10  4 


Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  dellvr 
Send   for  our   Illustrated   List,  a   complete   guide   to    Pot  a 
Growing.    It  will  Interest  you. 


Contractor    to    His    Majesty's    Governrr\ent. 


March  5,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


BEGON  IAS 

In  superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding. 


Doubles,  in  8  colours,  flowers  like  large  Roses  and  Camellias  ... 
DoubleS)  in  mixed  colours,     ,,  ,,  ,,        ,,  ,, 

Singles,  in  6  colours,  verj'  large  fine  shaped  flowers 
Singles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,         ,,         ,,  ,, 


T/-    per  dozen  50/-  per  100 
..     5  6,,  4.0/-    ,,     ,, 

..     4'6    ,,        ,,     30/-    ,,     „ 

3/6    .  24/- 

Collection  of  36  large  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15/- 

Send  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations, 
Delphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOW      IS     THE      BEST     TIME     TO      PLANT     DELPHINIUMS. 

We  have  pleasure  in  offering  the  following  Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 
which  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  this  year : — 

Collection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kinds  for    ...     50  - 
Collection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds...         ...         ...         ...  40'- 

Collection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      20/- and  30/- 

CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

BLACKMORE   &   LANGDON,   BATH. 


3 

3' 

^ 

A. 

The  Kito 

Smile. 

Prices : 

1 

RITO  did  well  for  Potatoes 

A  user  writes  ; — 

Rito  did   well   for  my  potatoes,   in   fact, 
I  think  it  helped  to  keep  away  disease." 

RITO  is  equally  suitable  for  all  garden  crops  and 
produces  rich  and  fragrant  flowers.  It  is  clean  to 
handle    and    free    from    smell. 


3/9,    7    lbs.    21- 


cwt.    23/6,1  i-cwt.    12/-,     .i-cwt.    6  9,    14    lbs. 
SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

M,„„</.,ct„re,i  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  hy  The  Molassine  Con,f.any  Ltd..  22.  Tunnel  Avenue.  Greeuwieh.  S.E.  10 


nannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnDnnnnnn 


3 


AUBRIETIAS 

(New  Varieties). 

^*    J*    ^ 

Strong  tufty  plants  grown  in  pots  for  imme- 
diate  planting    out    for   effect   this  Spring. 

t^™  (1?*  (iT* 

ATTRACTION  (R.  V.  PRICHARD).  1921  Novelty. 

Immense  pale   mauve;    largest  flowers  of    any. 

each  5'-. 
AUBREY   PRICHARD.  rich  mauve  blue,   circular 

flowers.  1  6  each.  15/-  doz. 

BLUE  KING,  nearest  approach  to  blue,  1/6  each. 
15/-  doz. 

CHURCH   HNOWLE,    lovely    grey    blue,    I/-   each. 

10;-  doz. 
DAYBREAK,  rosy  lavender,  1/6  each,  15/-  doz. 
FIRE  RING.   IMPROVED,  reddish  crimson,    1/6 

each.  I  5(-  doz. 

RIVERSLEA  PINK,  large  rosy  pink,  1/-  each,  10/- 
doz. 

ROSEA  SPLCNDENS,  lovely  soft  rose  pink,  large 

size,  perfect  hahit.    Award  .Merit.  R.H.S.  Spring, 

1919.    1  6  each,  six  plants  for  8/». 
RUSSELL'S  CRIMSON,  darkest  of  the  red  shades 

II-  each.  10/-  doz. 
STUDLAND,  clear  lavender  mauve,  1/-  each.  10,6 

doz. 

VIRGIME,  rich  lavender,  white  centre.   1/6  e.ich. 

15/-  doz. 
WARBARROW,  pure  deep  rose,  1/-  each,  10/6  doz. 

Collection,  one  each  of  the  above,  12/6,  other 

varieties  of  Aubrietias,  9d.  each,  8/-  doz. 

Carriage  extra. 

CATALOGUE  0/ 6es/  rock  and  herbaceous  i>lants 
on  application. 

MAURICE    PRICHARD, 

1  Riverslea   Nursery, 

1      CHRISTCHURCH,    HANTS. 

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 


WATERERS' 

INCOMPARABLE 
SEEDS 

For  Vegetable  &  Flower  Gardens. 

The  Seeds  that  in 
their  results  maintain 
the  satisfaction  of 
confidence,  security, 
&  remunerative  crops 

Descriptive    Catalogue    and    Garden 
Guide    Free  on   Application. 

SCOTCH  GROWN 
SEED  POTATOES 

are  quoted  at  extremely 
advantageous  rates  and 
our  stock  is  of  the  finest 
quality  we  have  ever 
handled. 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  &  CRISP, 

LIMITED, 

TWYFORD,  BERKS. 


BATH'S 

BORDER 

CARNATIONS,  &c. 

For    Present    Planting. 

We  mal<e  a  great  speciality  of  Carnations,  and  our 
stuck  is    unequalled.      The  plants  are  very  strong, 
perfectly  hardy,  and  will  satisfy  the  most  fastidious 
buyer.      The  following   Sets  are  selected  from  our 
unsurpassed  collection  of  450  varieties,  and  cantain 
the  cream  of  the  new  and  older  sorts. 
SET     D. 
One  dozen  extra  fine  varieties  for  15/-,  carriage  paid. 
Bookham  White. — Pure  white  ;    perfect  form.     1/3. 
Francesca.— Heliotrope,  brilliant  carmine  base.     2/-. 
My  Clove. — ,\pple  blossom  :  suffused  heliotrope.     2/6. 
Lord  Kitchener.— Purest  white,  marked  blood  red      2/- 
Elizabeth  Shiffner. — A  grand  orange  self.     1/3. 
Fujiyama. — Glowing  red  ;    very  large  flower.     1/3. 
Lord  Roberts. — -Bright  sulphur  yellow  ;    very  free     1/- 
Duchess  of  Wellington.— Deep  lavender.     1/3.  ' 
Romeo. — Yellow,  suffused  and  marked  pink  ;  extra    2/- 
Caprice. — Pink,  mottled  red  ;    fine  form.     1/-. 
Distinction. — Crushed  stra^vberry  ;    lovely.     1/3. 
Induna.  —  .Maroon;    finelv  formed  flower      1/-. 
SET     E. 
One  dozen  choice  varieties  for  11/-,  carriage  paid. 
Diana. — Pure  white;    large  full  flower.     1/-. 
Red  Emperor. — Rosy  red  ;    extra  large  flower      21- 
Queen  Alexandra.— Buff  yellow;    very  free.     1/-. 
Lady  Greenall. — Bright  rosy  red,  shading  to  pink  'l/-. 
Lord  Tennyson. — Yellow,  distinctly  edged  rose      1/-. 
Ariadne. — .\  lovely  heliotrope  self.     1/-. 
Constance. — Yellow,  marked  pink:    fine  quality.     1/-. 
Isolde. — Raspberry  red  ;    very  bright  and  distinct.    1/-'. 
Morocco. — Deep  velvety  crimson.     1/-. 
Pink  Pearl.— Rich  pink  self ;   strongly  fragrant      1/6. 
A.  B.  Stewart.— ,A.pricot,  suffused  rose.     1/3. 
Mrs.  F.  J.  Beating. — Brilliant  scarlet ;    very  vigorous  • 
continues  flowering  all  summer.     1/-.  ' 

Bath's  Popular  Set  of  12  Fine  Named  Varieties  of 
Carnations  and  Picotees.    Price  8/6,  carriage  paid. 

BATH'S     GOLD     MEDAL 

DELPHINIUMS. 

These  plants  are  remarkably  handsome  in  the 
border,  and  during  the  early  summer  and  autumn  the 
bold  and  stately  masses  of  brilliant  blue  and  purple 
produce  a  striking  effect  unequalled  by  any  other  flower. 

One  dozen  extra  fine  varieties  for  21/-,  carriage  paid. 
Andrew  Carnegie.— Mght  blue,  lilac  centre.     1/6. 
Hugo  Poortman.— Pale  blue  ;    enormous  flower      2/6 
La  Tendresse.— Light  blue  and  mauve.     2/6. 
Rev.    E.    Lascelles.— Oxford   blue,    with   conspicuous 

white  eye ;    magnificent.     2/-. 
Turquoise. — Pale  blue,  dark  centre  ;    distinct      2/-. 
Rozenlust.— Mauve,  edged  Cambridge  blue.     2/-. 
Resplendens. — Pale  blue,  tinted  mauve  ;    superb.     2/6. 
K.  F.  Caron.- — Gentian  blue,  white  centre      1/6 
King  of  Delphiniums.— Gentian  blue  and  plum,  white 

eye.     1/6. 
Geneva. — Sky  blue,  white  eye;    lovely      1/-  fi 

Mrs.  Creighton.— Cobalt  blue,  shaded  plum.     1/6. 
Pannonia — Brilliant    ultra-marine     blue,     white    eye  • 

distinct  and  beautiful.     A.M.,  R.H.S.,  1920.     3/6.  ' 

BATH'S     GOLD     MEDAL 

P>EONIES. 

The  most  gorgeous  of  all  garden  flowers.  Requires 
less  cultural  attention  than  almost  any  other  plant. 
Exceedingly  hardy,  its  vigour  and  beauty  increase  year 
by  year. 

SET     B. 

12  glorious  richly  fragrant  varieties  for  25/-,  carriage  paid. 
Albert  Crousse. — Pinkish  blush  ;    very  large      3/6. 
Canarie.— White,  tinted  sulphur  ;    very  free      2/ 
Duchess  de  Nemours. — Snow  white  ;    very  free 
Felix  Crousse. — BriUiant  crimson  ;    large  flower 
Golden  Harvest.— Blush,  creamy  white  centre 
Lady  Carrington.— Flesh  ;    very  large.    3/-. 
Marie  Lemoine. — Pure  white  ;    late  ;    extra  fine 
Mme.  Calot.— White,  tipped  rose;    extra      2/- 
Mme.  de  Vatry.— Pink,  white  centre.     2/-. 
Mons.  Chas.  Levique. — .A.  lovely  silvery  blush 
Festiva  Maxima.— W  hite,  tipped  blood  red      2/-. 
Solfaterre. — Beautiful  primrose  yeUow.     2/6.]       ^ 
Complete  Illustrated  Catalogues  post  free  on  application 

R.   H.  BATH,  LTD., 

The    Floral  [Farms,    WISBECH. 


2/-. 

2/-. 
3/6. 

3/-. 


2/6. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March   5,    1921. 


SITUATIONS    VACANT. 

WANTED,   for    South    Hants,    a    HEAD 

WORKIXG  GARDENER  of  two,  thoroughly  keen  and 
energetic,  good  all-round  experience ;  not  much  glass.  Good 
cottage ;  electric  light.  Must  have  good  references.  State 
wages.  Required  at  once.  Also  good  UNDER  GARDENER, 
active  and  hardworking.  Good  cottage ;  electric  light.  Good 
references  required.  State  wages. — Write  L.B.M.,  c/o  WiLLiNiiS, 
33,  Knightsbridge,  London,  S.W.I. 


REEDEN'S    SCHOOL   OF    GARDENING 

NEWICK,     SUSSEX. 

A  thoroughly  practical  training  tor  ladies  talking 
lip  Horticulture  as  a  profession  or  supervise  own 
gardens  :  fruit.  Hower^.  vegetables,  herbs.  Chiirming 
Hoiisf  and  Grounds.     Apply  Principal. 


jJ^Ml;' ^     Xr        From  High  Fecurd  Layers  of  First-grade 

00  ***        Eggs  mated    to    Male    Birds   bred   from 

Al^  1^  1^  A       dams  v^ith  pullet  year  records  200  &.  over 

— —  White  Leghorns.    Light  Sussex. 

Eers  12:6.   15;6.  Chicks  31,- per  doz. 

A  liniitel  number  of  Eggs  from  Special  Birds.     .10  -  &  42  -  per  doz. 

G.  GORDON  GRAY,  LTD.,  Deansbrook  P.F.,  ThaKted,  Essex. 


'PRODUSO' 


From  ;  — 

SEEDSMEN  and 
NURSERYMEN 

OF  direct. 
TINS  9d.  EACH  (113  post  free). 
711)  .  Ulb..-.'81b.,56lb.,  Icwt.  bags 
3  -,  5  9.  9:6,  1716.  30/-  each. 

BaRs  Free,  Carriage  Paid. 
HUNTER  &  GOW   LTD.,  28.  THOMAS  ST.,  LIVERPOOL. 


THE  FINEST 
&  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
FERTILIZER 
FOR    ALL    CROPS. 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL,  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


38  000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 
P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 


CHAS 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St. 


LONDON,  S,E.  1 


32nd    SEASON. 


MrS-PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Post    Free,    or    carriage    paid    passenger    train.        Packing    free,    no    delay.        24,'-    worth    for   20'-.      Lots    can    be 
divided.       Please  add   4d.   extra  for  orders   under  3  -,   to    help    meet    high    rate    of    postage.        Cash    with    order. 
Plant    now    for    success.      Splendid    strong,    hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year. 


HARDY      PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Achillea,  Tlic  Pearl,  double  wliite,  8,  1/4.  Achillea,  Perry's 
Wliit.-,  6,  l/ti.  Achillea,  New  CVrise  Qmeu,  4,  1/4.  Agros- 
temma.  Ho-^  ioir>.  Crimson.  6,  1/4.  Alyssum  conipactum, 
(!old  Dust,  12.  1 '6.  Alyssum  montanum,  summer  tlowerinsi, 
4.  1/4.  Alpine  Waimowers,  dwarf.  20,  1/0.  Alpine  Pinks, 
various  colour.^.  12.  l.ii.  Alstromeria,  Peruvian,  Plamr  Lily, 
4,  1/4.  Anchusa  Italiea,  amethyst  blue,  6.  1/4.  Anchusa 
Dropmore,  intent-  Mui-,  4,  1,'4.  Anchusa  myosolififlora,  dwarf 
rnckery,  etc.,  mas.^es  det-p  gentian  blue,  ?,,  1/b.  Aconitum 
Ki^el.eri,  rich  blue,  enormous  blooms,  o.  1,6.  Anemone  japuiuca, 
wliite  or  pink.  4,  1/C.  Aquilegia,  lou-^'  spurred,  m  w  art  ^had*  s 
and  pure  yellow,  tS.  1/4.  Aquilegia.  doublt-  and  --inirb-  mixed, 
12.  1/6.  Arabis,  double  wl.ite,  6.  1;4.  Aubrietia.  ma-s'S  rich 
purple,  12.  1  6,  Auricula,  alpine  and  sliow.  6.  1;6.  Aster, 
p<  rt-nrdal.  bri-t  uannd.  o,  1,6.  Aster,  penunial,  good  mixed, 
6.  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  strong,  busliy,  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted, rvvw  lar-i'-  Ilowt-rinti,  lovelv  colours,  giparale  or  mixed, 
6.    1  4. 

Brompton  Stocks,  all  colours,  6,  1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  rooted  cuttiui:.'-,  best  named,  for 
liousr  or  gard<  n.  summ-r.  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  any  colour 
or  mix<'d,  6.  1/4.  Campanulas,  d\sarf  carpatica,  masses  of 
hloom,blueorwhite.4. 1  4.  Campanula  per.'icifolia  andfrrandis, 
tall,  4.  14,  Campanula  W.ihb  ubiTfia,  large  Clematis-flowered, 
4,  1  4.  Campanula  luaeraiilba,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Cam- 
panula pvrauiidali-.  haiuiMtnie  ebinmi  y  bell  flower,  two  year  old 
plants,  bill'  nr  wbitf.  :i.  1,6.  Canterbury  Bells,  Iturly  hybrids, 
12,1/4.  Canterbury  Bells,  doulili'  pink.wluli  and  lihu-,  6,  1/4. 
Canterbury  Bells,  eiip  and  saucrr,  0.  14.  Canterbury  Bells, 
lovely  larL''-  pink  oiwliil'  singles,  12.  i;6.'  Candytuft,  ixrcnnial, 
4.  1/4.  Carnation  <irrnadin,  scarlet  or  whitr  or  miMd,  good, 
6,  1/0.  Carnation  Margaret,  fine  doubb-'-,  6,  1,4.  Carnation, 
L'ond  d<iuble  bordrr,  all  colours,  separate,  0,  1,6.  Centaurea 
niitiiiana,  large  pi-rennial  Cornflower,  blue  or  whitr,  6,  1/4. 
Cerastium,  snow  in  summer,  12,  1/0.  Cheddar  Pinks,  true, 
.  1  4  Christmas  Roses,  large  roots,  2,  1/4.  Chrysanthe- 
mum maximum.  Mr>.  L.  Bell,  market  favouritr,  etc-.,  6,  1,4. 
Chinese  Pinks,  lovi-Iy  colours.  12.  1/6.  Cistus.  rock  ros<  , 
6,  1/4.  Coreopsis  grandiflora.  6,  1,4.  Cornflowers,  Kelway's 
double  blue,  12.  1/4.  Cowslips,  red  liybrid>.  6,  1/4.  Crucia- 
nella,  pink  rockery,  etc.,  8,  1/4. 

Dactylls,  silver  ribbon  grass,  6. 1/4.  Daisies,  new  Monstrosai 
uormous  double  red  or  white.  12,  1/4.  Delphinium  formosum 
and  finest  hybrids.  3,  1/6.  Dianthus  deltoides,  creeping, 
crimson.  6,  1/4.  Dianthus,  Kelway's  lovi  ly  named  varii'ties, 
separate  colours  or  mixed,  12, 1/6.  Dielytraspectabilis,  bleeding 
heart,  2,  1/9. 

Eccremocarpus,  orange  flowered  climber,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron 
(stenactes).  inauvi-,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron,  new  Quakeress,  fine, 
;.l.  1/6.  Erigeron,  new  large  .--almon,  2,  1/6.  Eupatorium, 
white,  6,  1/4.  Evening  Primrose,  tall,  6,  1/4,  Evening 
Primrose,  dwarf.  4,  1/4. 

Forget-me-nots,  l)est  large  flowering  dwarf,  dark  or  light 
blue,  1j,  1  \.  Foxgloves,  purple,  white,  spotted,  etc.,  12,  1/4. 
French  Marguerites,  all  colours.  6.  1/6.  Fuchsia,  hardy 
crimson  bush,  4,  1/6. 

Qaillardia  grandiflora.  6,  1/4.  Qalega,  Goat's-me,  mauve  or 
white,  6,  1/4."  Qeum  Mrs.  Bradshaw  (two  year  old),  2,  1/4. 
Qeum  Glory,  double  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Qtadiolus,  best  named, 
large  bulbs,  scarlet,  white,  pink,  flame,  yellow,  salmon,  maroon, 
violet,  blue  and  splendid  new  liybrids.  6,  1/4.  Qypsophila 
glabrata,  dwarf  rockery,  6,  1/4.  Qypsophila  paniculata  (gauze 
flower),  0,  1/6.     Qypsophila  Eokejeka,  piuk,  4,  1/4. 

Helenium  Bigelowi,  Hooperii,  autumnal,  etc.,  6,  1/4, 
Helenium  lUverton  Gem  and  Beauty,  4,  1/6.  Helianthus, 
perennial  Sunflower,  double  or  single,  12,  1/6.  Hemerocallis, 
large  flowering,  yellow  and  orange  red  Lily,  4,  1/4.  Heuchera 
sanguinea,  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Hollyhock,  Kelway's  doubbs,  4,  1/6. 
Hollyhock,  single,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.  Honesty,  crimson  or 
white,  12,  1/6.     Hypericum  St.  John  Wort,  6,  1/6. 

Iceland  Poppy,  Excehior  strain,  6, 1/4    lncarvillea,large  rich 
rarmine,  3,  1/6.     Iris,  large  flowered  Japanese,  4,  1/4.     Iris, 
large  flag,  splendid  large  flowering  white,  mauve,  blue,  purple, 
yellow,  4,  1/6;    mixed,  6,  1/6. 
Kniphofia,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/4. 

Lavender  bushes,  English,  3,  1/4.  Lilies,  hardy  Tiger,  3,  1/4. 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  large,  6,  1/4.  Linum,  blue  perennial  Flax, 
8,  1/4.  Linaria  dalmatica,  yellow,  6,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalis, 
hybrids,  6,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis,  Queen  Victoria,  4,  1/4. 
London  Pride,  rockery,  6,  1/4.  Lupins  polyphyllus,  white,  blue, 
6.  1/4.  Lupin,  pink,  4,  1/4.  Lupin  Tree,  yellow  or  wliite, 
3,  1/4.  Lupins,  mixed  colours,  12,  1/6.  Lychnis,  scarlet, 
salmon,  crimson.  0,  14. 


Musk,  hardy  scarlet,  6,  1/4.  Monarda  Cambridge,  scarlet 
^'^1  /4.     Montbretia,  brilliant  spikes,  12,  1/6. 

Nepeta  Mustini  (Cat  Jlint).  6,  1/6. 

Periwinkle,  large  blue,  6,  1/6.  Pansies,  splended  large 
flowering  Buguot's  Superb,  Bismarck,  Britannia,  Masterpiece, 
Cas.siers,  Odiers,  etc.,  12,  1/4.  Pansies,  bedding  white,  yellow, 
blue,  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden,  12,  1/4.  Papaver  Oriintal 
Queen,  Apricot  Queen,  Salmon,  etc.,  6,  1/6.  Papaver  Oriental, 
scarlet  and  crimson,  6,  1/4.     Passion,  hardy  blue  and  wliite. 

0.  1/6.  Peas,  Everlasting,  red,  pink,  white,  4,  1/4.  Physalis, 
giant  Cape  Gooseberry,  6,  1/4.  Pinks,  favourite  double  wliite, 
6,  1/4.  Pinks,  Mrs.  Simkins,  4, 1/4.  Pinks,  coloured,  fragrant, 
12, 1/6.  Pinks,  Japanese,  large  fringed,  12, 1/6.  Polemoniunn, 
blue,  0,  1/4.  Phlox,  large  flowering,  best  named,  pink,  salmon, 
scarlet,  white,  crimson,  purple,  white  and  cerise,  3,  1/6  ;  mixed. 
4,  1/4.  Polyanthus,  Kelway's  border,  6,  1/4.  Polyanthus, 
Primrose, rich  colours,  6, 1  /6.  Polyanthus,  double  blue  or  white, 
4,  1/6.  Poppy,  Shirley,  art  shades,  6,  1/4.  Potentilla,  double 
crimson,  6,  1/6.      Primula  denticulata  superba,  large  clumps. 

1,  1/-.  Primulas,  lovely  hardy  varieties  for  rockery  and  damp, 
shady  places,  many  beautiful  colours,  assorted,  4,  1/4.  Pent- 
stemon,  scarlet  and  large  flowering  varieties,  6.  1/fl.  Paeonies 
largt:  pink,  crimson,  white, yellow,  2, 1/4.  Pyrethrunn,  Kelway"- 
hybrids,  6,  1/6. 

Ribbon  Qrass,  variegated,  6,  1/4.  Rose  of  Sharon,  4,  1/4, 
Rose  Campion,  crimson,  12,  1/6.  Rosemary  bushes,  3,  1/H. 
Rocket,  sweet,  6,  1/4.  Rudbeckia  jNVwmanii,  6,  1/6.  Rud- 
beckia,  golden  ball,  double  6,  1/4. 

Salvia  praten^-is,  spikes  purple,  4, 1/4.  Saponaria  ocymoide^ 
pink  dwarf,  0,1/4.  Saxifraga  choice  assorted,  6, 1/6.  Sedums, 
choice  assorted,  6, 1/4.  Scabious,  sweet,  double,  8, 1/4.  Scabious 
Caucasica,  large  mauve,  3,  1/6.  Shasta  Daisy,  wliite,  0,  1/4. 
Silenecompacta,  (hvarf  pink,  15, 1/6.  Solidago,  Golden  Wini^>. 
0,  1  6.  Stachys,  Lamb's-wool,  0,  1/4.  Sweet  Williams. 
Kelway's  Pink  Beauty  and  Scarlet  Beauty,  6,  1/4.  Sweet 
William  Diadem,  auricular  eyed  and  good  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Star 
offBethlehem,  6,  1/4. 

Trollius  early  golden  globe"' flower,' 6,  1/6.  Thistle'Quei  i 
of  Scots,  from  the  original  at  Fotheringay  Castle,  3, 1/4.  Thalic- 
trum,  hardy  Maiden  Hair,  4,  1/4.  Thrift,  compact,  pini 
flowering,  12,  1/6.    Tritoma,   Red-hot  Poker,  3,  1/4. 

Verbascum,  tall  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Verbascum,  dwarf,  loveh 
colours,  6,  1/6.  Valerian,  red,  6,  1/4.  Veronica,  beautiti. 
blue,  6,  1/6.  Viola  cornuta,  gem  for  rockery,  white,  mau\' 
purple,  blue,  12,  1/6.  Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  yellow,  whit 
blue,  purple,  12,  1/6.  Viola  Maggie  Mott,  large  mauve  rooti  > 
cuttings,  6,  1/4. 

Wallflowers,  red,  golden,  bronze,  purple,  ruby,  pink,  browi;. 
100,  3/-;   500,  10/-. 


STRONG  VEGETABLE  AND 
PLANTS. 


HERB 


spring'  Cabbage,  winter  Onions,  Lettuce,  Leeks,  Pickling 

Cabbage,  100,  1/9.  Chives,  perennial  Onions,  20,  1/4. 
Asparagus,  Kelway's  giant,  etc.,  strong  two  year  roots,  50,  4/- ; 
100  7/-.  Rhubarb,  best  named  red  varieties,  6,1/4.  Sea  Kale 
12.  1/9.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint,  Marjoram,  6,  1/4.  Parsley,  best 
curled,  12,  1/4.  Cauliflower  strong  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted in  frames  for  eprly  use,  20    1/4 

Splendid  Strong,  Transplanted  Plants  for  Cool  House. 
Pot  now  for  grand  sliow  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia  ilg 
Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailing,  3,  1/6.  Asparagus 
Fern  Plumosus  erect,  2,  1/9.  Begonias,  Salmon  Queen,  Kose 
Queen.  Crimson  magnifaca  and  scarlet  Prima  Donna,  4,  1/4. 
Beauty  Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  0,  1/4.  Calceolarias,  herba- 
ceous, very  good,  6,  1/6.  Cannas  Crozy's  splendid  hybrids, 
4,  1/6.  Celsia  critica,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Cineraria, 
large  exhibition,  6,  1/4.  Cyclamen,  very  choice  strain,  3,  1/6. 
Eucalyptus,  blue  gum,  6,  1/4.  Fuchsia,  choice  doubles 
assorted,  4, 1/6.  Qeraniums,  scented  Oak  leaf,  3,  1/6.  Helio- 
trope, large  fragrant,  4, 1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis  Queen  Victoria, 
scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis, 
beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Marguerites,  large  white,  6,  1/6. 
Marguerites,  large  yellow,  6,  1/6.  Marguerites,  lovely  blue, 
6,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  red  or  white,  6,  1/4.  Primula 
ohconica,  lovely  new  giant  hybrids, 3, 1/4.  Primula  malacoides, 
lovely  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Primula  cortusoides,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  japonica,  rich  crimson,  4,  1/4.  Primula  Kewensis, 
briizht  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Primula  BuUeyana,  orange  red,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  pulverulenta,  crimson  shades,  4,  1/4.  Rehmannia, 
large  pink  trumpet,  3,  1/6.  Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet, 
4,  1/6.  Salvia  coccinea,  brilliant  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Mother  of 
Thousands,  hanging,  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus  AVisctonlensis,  6, 
1/4.  Smilax,  trailinL',  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  large  new 
liybrids,  4,  1/4.     Primula  rosea  grandiflora,  lovely,  1.   1/-. 


OATALOGU£       FREE. 


MRS.   PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


March  5,   1Q21.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


9^^l 


BU  LBS 


AND 


PLANTS 


Fop  Spring,   1921. 


All     of     the      Finest      Quality. 


The   Catalogue  of  above  will  be 

sent,    post    free,    on    application 

to  their  Offices  at 

Ovepveen,     Haaplem, 
HOLLAND. 


WONOERFUL 
R.   E    S  U  LT  S 

are  obtained 


SEEDS  i  FERTILIZERS 
^11  Car-deners  should  use  iJiem. 

WliltRN  COUNIIfS  5f!0  W»R[HOUSE3.BARN5TAPlt 


Phone  182. 


Tele  :  FRANK  CANT,  Colchester. 


CANT'S 

CHAMPION 

ROSES 

for  all  Soils  and  Situations. 
Known  and  grown  throughout  the  world. 

FRANK    CANT    &   CO., 

Braiswick   Rose   Gardens, 

(Dept.  A),         Colchester. 
Catalogue  post  free  on  application. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    Catalogue. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed   Potato   Merchants,   YORK. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

>f   tf    )f 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 

Fancy     Fern     Pans     and 

Bulb  Bowls, 

from  4d.  each. 

No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 

RICHAKD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD.. 

Rvyttt     Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


^ 


TOM  E.  KING,  Limited 

"SEED   POTATOES." 

(See  our  Advertisement  on  Page  120.) 

I2;'2/21.  Lodge  Farm. 

Nuneaton. 
Sirs,— Seed  Potatoes  arrived  safely  and  in  jiond  order 
to-day:  am  much  obliiied  for  your  very  prompt  attention  to 
my  order.  VV.  Robertson. 

Uth  February,  1921.  Herts  County  Council. 

Hovs*  British  School. 
Sirs,— The  Potatoes  we  had  from  you  last  year  were 
excellent.     Enclosed   please  find  order  for  this  year.     The 
Boys*  Show  last  year  was  a  huge  success  ;  the  Potatoes  were 
admired.  W.  H.  Corbett. 


February  I5th.  1921.  'T^l^ 

Purlev  Oak  Allotment  Holders  Association. 
Sirs. —  hor   our   Members   we   require   Seed   Potatoes  ;is 
under.     Last  season  we  had  very  great  delay,  but  our  order 
was  with  another  Firm  (not  yours).     We  had  some  seed  from 
you  two  years  ago  very  quick  and  satisfactory. 

\ours  fai.hfully,  F.  G.   L.   MoiR.  F.R.H.S. 

The  above  Testimonials  are  a  f=w  of  many  hundreds. 
We  always  have  and  are  at  present  conducting  our  busines 
in  this  manner.  Prompt  Delivery  and  Satisfaction  is 
Sruaranteed.  Send  for  cur  Illustrated  List.  We  guarantee 
to  deliver  on  rail  24  hours  from  receiving  order, 

TOM  E.  KING,  Limited,  Somersham,  Hunts. 

Contractors  to  His  Majesty's  Gouernment. 


For  BEST  results  you 
MUST     PLANT      NOW 

Hardy  Border  Carnations 


We    have   magnificent    stocks    of    all    the    best    varieties. 

The  undermentioned  collections  are  available: — ' 

Coll.  No.  Ic— 6  distinct  varieties.  12;- 

Coll.    No.    2c.— 12    disiinct    varieties.    24/- 

Coll.  No.  3c.— 100  [Plants   ia   the    twelve  best  standard 

varieties,  140/- 

Carriage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

ALLWGGDII. 

The  new  hardy  Garden  Plant.  Half  Pink  and  half  Carnation, 
it  needs  no  culture,  but  grows  by  itself  anywhere,  and  flowers 
perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter.  We  can  give  innmediate 
delivery,  and  offer  the  undermentioned  collections; — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties.  11/- 

Coll.  No.Zb.— 9  distinct  varieties  (including  3  novelties).23|6 

Coll.  No.    3b.  — 12     dislioct    varieries    (including     all  6 

novelties),  40'- 

Carrlage  and  packing  free  for  cash. 

CULT  U',R  AL     BOOKLET.  '.6d.    post  [free. 

Our    Fully    HUistraie  i    and   descriptive   Catalogue    will 
gladly  be  forwarded  post  free  on   request. 

I  When  yon  think  of  Carnations  yon  thinii  of 


The  leading  Carnation  Kaisers  and  Specialists 

in  the  World,  Dept.  4. 
HAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 

SWEET  PEA   PLANTS. 

NOVELTIES  (stocks  limited).— Austin  Frederick 
Imp.,  Qladys,  Lavender  Belle,  Hawlmark 
Lavender,  Royal  Salute  per  doz.         3/6 


21- 
1/3 

1/- 
9d. 


Hawlmark   Pink  ..  ..  ..  ,, 

A.  Ireland,  Brocade,   Daisybud,   Doris..  ,, 

A.  Malcoinn,  Elegance,  Hope,  Valentine,  &c.  ,, 

Cecily,  Charity,  Mrs.  C.  P.  Tomlin,  &c.  ,, 
Barbara,   C.    Hinton,    R.    F.    Felton,    Boyal 

Purple,  Warrior,  &c.  ..  ..  i,! 

Elsie  Herbertj^Johnalngman,  &c.  ,, 
Also  Sweet  Pea.  Antirrhinum  and  Vegetable  Seeds. 
CATALOGUE     POST     FEEE. 

T.     H.     DIPNALL,     F.R.H.S., 

SHELLEY    SWEET    PEA    FARM,   near    HADLEIGH,    SUFFOLK 


6d. 
4d. 


You,    Your    Friend,    and     Your     Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss 
the    important  and    Beautiful  Numbers  of 

THE  GARDEN 

that  are   to  appear  durmg  this  year. 


..Hib::. 

Se-;',--,V 

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0liBIK«'«HI 

"^/le  surest    and   simplest    tvay  of  promptly  securing  a 
copy  of  every  issue  is   to  Jill  up  the  form  printed  below. 


CUT    HERE 

To  Messrs 

Newsagents, 
or  The  Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,  London,  \V.C.2. 

Please    send    me,    by    Post,    "The    Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.O. 

for   being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 

Name 

Address   

19 

Inland  Subscription,  Foreign  and  Colonial  Subscriptions,   17/4  per  annum;   6  months.  S3,  indudinK  Postage. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March   5,    1921. 


SPECIAL     BARGAINS ! 


CLOGS 

AT  CUT 
PRICES. 


We  give  details  hereof  a  special  line  of  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  t')  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  surplus  stock,  made  up  for  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day— there's  no  time 
to  put  off. 

C524.     Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,  strong  wood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  uppers,  shape  as 
illustrated. 
Child's  sizes,  7.  8,  9,  and  10.  5|6  for  3/11, 

post  paiJ     3/11 

Boys'  and  Girls'  sizes,  11.  12,  13.  and  1, 

6/6  for  4/11.  post  paid     4/11 

Youth's  and  Women's  sizes,  2,  3.  4,  and 
5.  7/11  for  5/11.  post  paid  ...         ...   5/11 

Women's  and  Men's  sizes,  6,  7,  8,  9.  10, 

and  11,8/11  for  6/11,  post  paid  ...  6/1  1 

Irons  r  und  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  1.  9d. 

extra.     All  lartjer  sizes.  1/3  extra. 

All  our  usual  shnpes  in  stock.    2  Buck'e,  best  quality. 

8/11,  now  8/-  post  paid.    Al.  sizes  for  mtnand  women 

same  price       VVellinjltons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 

anu  Watertifjhts  :ill  reduced  10  percent. 

Send   for    nur   C.rt.jlngiie  of    Font- 

WM.  PATTERSOIN  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  ! 

Only  a  match  required  for 
stalling  it  1  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

r>  .,    .      ^T    ^    f,     ,   ^of,r  Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

Registered  Trade  Mark  6295.       -^  ^^-^  Fumigator  I 

Prices.— No.  1»  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft..  10d.  each  ;  No.  2,  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 
1.500  cubic  ft.,  1,3  each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses   from    2.000  to  2.500  cubic  ft..    1/9  each. 


4(  T'C'M   A  "Y  "     The  New  and   Most    Successful 

t  C-l^/A-A.         GRAFTING     WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It   is    rapidly   talking   the    place   of   all    Foreign   and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1  /6,  3/-,  6/-.  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

USE      COWRY'S     CELEBRATED      CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER   DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint,       Quart.     i-Gall.      1  Gall.         3  Oall.        5  Gall.    lOGall. 
each       2/3         3,9         6/.         11/.  25/6         40;.         76/. 

SOLD  BY     THE     TRADE     GENERALLY. 

Manufactured    by   CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd.,    London. 

FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations,  23.  6d.  net ; 
cloth  Hs.  6d.  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

"  GREENHOUSES. 

GARDENS. 


COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY      AND      CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  -my  time,  in  the  s.ime  way.  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  {4  bushels  equalling  15  cwts.),  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  firown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  Wilks,  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  Particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard. 
W^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS     GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  "Wl 

Prices,   including  bags.  I  bushel  2/3,  4  bushels  6/-.  S-4  bushels  28/9,  10-4  bushels  55/-,  20-4  bushels  100  - 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward.  . 
WAKELEY     BROS.     &    CO.,    LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,    LONDON,      S.E.I. 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  youp  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
OP  games  let  us 
know. 

'  Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  OP 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIES  Ld. 
Cranmep  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


Stimulatfs  the  soil,  assists  the  functions  of  soil  bacteria 
and  corrects  acidity.  Aslf  your  Seedsman,  or  write  to 
STONEHOIISE    Borl.   Dept..    WEST    BROMWICH 


THE 


"BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth   "  draw 
out "  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does   not  pinch 

or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 
Postage  7d. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


WINTER  WASH.   cAulV,?=r^..^, 

THE   MOST  EFFECTIVE  WASH     FOR    FRUIT  TREES    Ac. 

IN    l''6   TINS     FOR    to    TO    16    GALLS    OF  WASH. 
WORM    KILLER.     LAWN   SAND    A    GAPDEN    SUNDRIES. 


Onlytddnss:  TOMLIHSON  k  HaTWAKD  Lr>  LINCOLN. 


HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid. — "  Codntrt  Lite,"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  \V.C.2. 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


soH 


'S 


^^^ 


OH^^ 


On    the    market 
for      over     40    years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over     the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      thty     stand    unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description    of    Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 
and  Foiiafie  Plants,  Vegetables.  Lawns,  etc..  etc.  i*'" 

Vine,     Plant    and   Vegetable    Manure,     i  cwt.,  36/- ;      561b.,    19/-;      281b.,  10/6; 
141b.,  61- ;  71b.,  3/6;  Tins,   1/6. 
Special  Top.Dressing  Manure,  S61b.,  19/-:  281b..  10/6:  141b.,  6/.;  71b.,  3/6. 
BW     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLF.T-POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     -WC 
SOLD         BY         NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers  :      WM.     THOMSON      &     SONS,     LTD.,     CLOVENFORDS,     SCOTLAND. 


lets  there  l^i 

I  and  makes  the  Garden  rtll^y^. 
gay  all  the  year  round  r^^^- 


Sold  everywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  in  PACKBTS  lOd.  &  1/8,  and 

in  BHANDED&  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs.   «/- ;  14  lbs.   7/-  :  28  lbs.   12/-;  56  lbs..  22/- ;  112  lbs..  «0/*;  or 

direct  from  the  Works.  Carriage  Paid  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  Cash  with  Order  (except  PACKETS) 


CLAY    &    SON,    Manure  Mfi-.s  &  Bone  Crushers,  STRATFORD,  LONDON, E. 


Published  by  "  Country  Life. 


Limited,  at  20.  Tavistock  Street.  Strand.  W.C.2.  and  by  George  Newnes,  Llmited.  8-11 
and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press,  55  &  57,  Drury  Lane,  London,  W,C.2 


Southampton  Street.  Strand  VV.C.2, 


THE 

GARDEN 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2573. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y.,  Po^t  Office 


Saturday,    March    12,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4:    Foreign,    17/4 


A    MODERN    DELPHINIUM    OF    STATELY    HABIT. 


BARR'S    CHOICE     FLOWER    SEEDS 

FOR     PRESENT     SOWING. 

BEGONIA,  New  Narcissus-Flowered,  :i  remarkable  new  race  of  tuberous-rooted 
Bejionias  producing  flowers  resemblinc  in  shape  a  DOUBLE  TRUMPET 
DAFFODIL,  the  inner  petals  being  joined  into  a  large  double  corona 
with  petals  elegantly  waved  and  frilled  at  margin  ;  in  colour  the  flowers 
range  from  lifiht  to  dark  yellow,  orange,  buff,  blush,  rose,  dark  red 
and  scarlet.     About  60  per  cent,  of  the  seedlings  come  true  to  form     . 

CELSIA  cretica.  Cliveden  Variety,  a  graceful  plant,  producing  in  summer  long 
spikes  of  dainty  flowers,  yellow  with  a  small  broun  spot  at  base  and 
soft   nianvc-colonrcd    anthers,    sweetly    scented,    a   handsome    plant    for 

pots  and  borders,  h.h.p..  '2^  ft 

chryso^raphis,  a  lovely  Chinese  species  with  flowers  of  intense  violet- 
purple  with  a  central  line  of  gold  down  each  fall,  very  beautiful, 
h.p.,  2^  ft.      Award  of  Merit  R.H.S 


pkfs. 
s.  d. 
3    6 


IRIS. 


2     6 


Descriptive    Catalogue  of  other  choice  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application. 


BARR     &     SONS, 


11,      12      &     13,      KING      STREET, 
COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 


MERRYWEATHER'S    FRUIT   TREES 

RASPBERRIES. 

We  can  strongly  recommend  the  following  varieties;  order  at  once  to  avoid  disarpointment 
'*  THE  DEVON."  An  enormous  cropper,  the  fruit  is  large,  roundly  conical, 
firm,  very  juicy  and  of  sweet  and  refreshing  flavour,  excellent  colour  and  an 
deal  bottling  variety. 

"  HAILSHAM."  One  of  the  best  autumn  fruiting  raspberries.  The  fruit  is 
very  large,  rich  crimson  colour  and  excellent  flavour ;  a  strong  grower  and 
heavy  bearer 

Send    for    Prices. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &    SONS,    LTD., 
Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is    cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.      Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for      the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO., 

FLOWER    SEEDS. 

The  Ipswich  Hardy  Plant  and  Seed  Specialists, 

with  a  reputation  of  70  years  to  uphold,  offer  a  large  selection  of 
Choice  Seeds,  including  the  Best  Annuals  and  the  Seeds  of 
many   Rare   Plants  not  offered  elsewhere. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDS.      Specially  selected  stocks. 

SEED  POTATOES.      Guaranteed  Scotch  and  once  grown,''at  low  prices 

HARDY   PLANTS.       Pre-War  quality  at  Pre-War  prices. 

FRUIT  TREES.      Large  fruiting,  S/-  each. 

CATALOGUES  on  application  to 

THOMPSON     &    MORGAN,    IPSWICH. 


THE     GARDEN, 


[March    12,    192 1. 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 

Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   ChamD'on    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of   England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
Tha  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
or  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Spociality. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  am  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  ^"''  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Bequirementa 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 


■rT"^'  G.   CUTHBERT 

southgate 
middlesex 

Established  1797, 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  poet 
free 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM   &    SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,    ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock.  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.   H.   BATH   Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


CORRY   &    CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.   BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 

Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON.    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL    ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


THE  SHEFFIELD  •  MALAY 

TOOL  COY. 
Norfolk   Lane,  SHEFFIELD 


Perfect  roads, 
drains,  paths. lawns 
tprraces.  etc  .  are 
obtained  by  using 
the  S  M.  ROAD 
TRACER  &  LEVEL 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis 
Lattice  and  all 
Garden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Garden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Qm 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  19l'J. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No.:  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  c.irry  out  any  work'promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Gardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


J.   CHEAL   &   SONS, 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Ltd. 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


& 


Forest  and  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Roses,  etc., 
grown  in  most  exposed  situation  on  heavy  soil, 
therefore  the  hardiest  procurable. 

Every  Requisite  for  Forest,  Farm  &  Garden. 

Garden  Seeds  of  specially  selected  strain. 

Catalogues  on  application.  Mention  paper. 


SAMSONS     LIMITED, 

NURSERYMEN    &    SEEDSMEN, 
Established  1759.  KILMARNOCK. 


CHRYSANTHEMUIVIS. 

General    Caialogue    of    all    the    leading    varieties, 
also    Novelty    List,    now    ready,    post    free,    from 

KEITH     LUXFORD     &     CO., 
Sheering  Nurseries,  Harlo\v,  Essex. 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The   finest   stocU   in   the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


DELPHINIUMS. 

BLUE  BIRD,  AM.   1 920.    n.ch 

For  Autumn  delivery       ...         ...      1 0/6 

THE    ALAKE. 

Very  strong.     Special  offer        ...         2/6 


R.    TUCKER     &     SONS, 

OXFORD. 


FIR    POLES. 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   List 
Post   Free  on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable^  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Scotch   Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seetls 


T.    YANO    &    CO.       Est.    1908.       Japanese 

Gardening,  laid  out  witli  Japanese  trees  and  stone  ornaments. — 
Nursery  :      56    and    66,     Paddenswick     Itoad,  .  Hammersmith 


MAURICE  PRICHARD'S 

Catalogue  of  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants, 

Aquatics,  etc.,  now  ready  for  1921.  Many 
new  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  therein. 
New  Aubrietias,   New  Saxifragas. 

New  Moraine  Alpine  Plant  offered  for  first  time — 
Erodium   chamsedryoides    rosea  (R.V.P.) 
Catalogue  scnt\frce,  2J.   stamp. 

Riverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 

E\ttiblished  30  yearn. 


Stout  Fir  Poles,  about  9  feet,  suitable  for  Climbing 

Roses,  at  18/-  per  dozen. 

Extra  stout,  suitable  for  Pergolas,  at  30/-  per  dozen. 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


KING'S  Acre 


Hardy  Herbaceous  &  Border 

PLANTS  and  VIOLAS  for  Spring 
Planting.     A  reliable  and  exten- 
sive   stock    of  young,  vigorous 
Plants. 


m 


Illustrated     Ca'alogue     and    any     information  ^ 

required  free  on   request   to  W5 

King's   Acre    Nurseries  | 

HEREFORD.   ^'^-  I 


March 


GARDEN. 


-^^j^^" 


"^fSf. 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shiubs,  Japanese  Cherries,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects. 
— JOBX  Waierek,  Sons  &  Ckisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseiles, 
Bagshot,  Surrey^ 


WATERERS'   VEGETABLE  AND   FLOWER 

SEEDS,  Scotch  Krown  seed  Potatoes 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLAINTS,   in  tlie  new  and   leading   varieties  of   Delphiniums, 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

— "  VITROLITE  "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  23s.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  Walter  Caeson  & 
Sons,  Grove  Works,  Battersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


a  ARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  RECiar,  Keston 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
manure.    See  advert,  on  p.  iv. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive    List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate 
6d.  post  free. — The  Burbage  Nurseries,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established  1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  ■■  Slona."  For  Immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  WM.  Duncan  '  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


FOR  SALE.— LE  VALNORD,  GUERNSEY; 

three  reception  rooms,  four  bedrooms,  attics,  etc. ;    in  about 
five  acres. — Apply  A.  Martin  &  SON,  Estate  Agents,  Guernsey. 


SWEET    PEAS.— Before   placing  your   order 

see  Storrie's  unique  multum  in  parvo  pages,  embracing  a  complete 
representative  collection  in  systematic  colour  groups,  guiding 
rather  than  confusing  the  prospective  purchaser.  The  eipeit 
as  well  as  the  amateur  will  appreciate  tliis  list.  The  method  of 
colour  grouping  is  original  and  entirely  our  own.  This  list  post 
free  on  application.  Stoerie  and  Storrie,  Florists  Department, 
Nurseries,  Glennarse,  Pertlishire. 


MESSRS.  OLIVER  &  HUNTER'S  NEW  SEED 

CATALOGUE  for  1921  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  postage 
free  to  all  those  interested  in  gardening. — Write  to-day  to 
The  Seed  &  Nursery  EsrAPLtsHMENT.  Moniaive,  N.B. 


ALSTROMCERIA        CLUMPS,       ORIENTAL 

POPPIES,     RED    HOT     POKER,   all    9/-    per   doz.      Good 
flowering  stuff. — TH0\U3.  Trewince.  Portscatho,  Cornwall. 


PERGOLA  POSTS.— 500  S.  Fir  posts,  8  to  14ft., 

top  diameter,  9ins.,  last  best  in  the  ground,  give  excellent 
results.  Long  poles,  for  tops  and  cross-bars,  4in3.  to  6ins. 
diameter,  all  at  62s.  6d.  per  ton.  Trucit  loads  about  4  tons. 
Free  on  rail.  Ready  for  immediate  despatch.  Rural  Indus- 
tries^ Limited,  Cheltenham. 


MINIATURE      JAPANESE      GARDENS    of 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  AIfo  Japanese  miniature 
figures,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
this  paper. — Ferrest  and  Ward,  84,  Leadenhail  Street.  E.C.3. 

mON      FENCING,      GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Nelting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wlrework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Kalllng,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preservation  of  Ironwork, 
etc.    Catalogue  free. — Hin  &  Smith.  Ltd.,  Brlerley  Hill 


FERTILISERS.— Lawns    (25/-),  Fruit  Trees, 

Vines  (23/6),  General  Garden  Use  (21(-),  and  all  other  fertilisers. 
— Hy.  Rich\rd-on  &  Co..  Skeldergate  Bridge  Works.  York. 


ROCK  PLANTS,   best  varieties,   inexpensive. 

List  free.— Marion  Gledstanes,  Fardross,  Clogher,  Ireland 

GREENHOUSES  FOR  SALE,  in  perfe'cTE^ 

dition.— Apply    JIR.    J.    COUTTS,    The    Gardens,    Fairlawne, 
Tonbrldgp. 


GARDEN   BARROWS,   direct  from    makers. 

32/8   eurh,    F.O.R.,   Immediate   delivery.  Ca.sh    with   order  — 

Robinson     Bros.,     Hardwick     Works,  Chatsworth     Road 

Chesterfield.  ' 


EARLY  FLOWERING   SAXIFRAGES,   great 

variety  now  in  bloom.  Collections  of  one  dozen  (two  of  a  sort) 
tor  8/6  and  11/6.  Special  "  Engleria  "  collection,  24/-.  Packing 
and  post  free.— R.  Tucker  &  Sons,  Nurserymen   Oxford 


BARR'S  SEED  GUIDE  (Free).— For  the  best 

Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of  finest  selected  strains  and 
tested  growth.  At  the  E.H.S.  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable 
Seeds  have  received  exceptional  recognition  for  liigh  quality, 
receiving  First-Class  Certificates,  Awaids  ot  Merit,  and  many 
HiglUy  Commended. 

BARR'S    BEAUTIFUL   LILIES,    GLADIOLI, 

CANNAS,  DAHLIAS,  MONTBRETIAS,  TIGRIDIAS, 
TUBEROSES,  etc.,  for  Spring  planting.  Descriptive  Catalogue 
free. — Barr  &  Sons,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  thi 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  In  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed 
2s.  6d.  and  6s. — J.  Douglas,  Great  Eookham. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of   Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire  :  Gray,  Kensington  00. 
Telephone  :  Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL       FOR       COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Gropvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON    AND    WIRE    FENCING    for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  Iron  and  wlrework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BouiTON  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.- Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921 ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  CotE  &  Son,  Chrysarthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9;  quarts,  3/-; 
A-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/-;  5-gt^llons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers:  McDouoall 
BROia..  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbrldgeworth,  Herts. 


WANTED,     the    following    Volumes    of 

••THE  GARDEN,"  bound  or  unbound;  Vol.  68,  July-Dec., 
1905  ;  Vol.  69,  Jan.-June,  1906 ;  Vol.  70,  July-Dec,  1906; 
Vol.  71,  Jan.-Dec,  1907;  Vol.  75,  Jan.-Dec,  1911;  Vol.  76, 
Jan.-Dec,  1912.  State  particulars  to  B.,  The  Garden,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,   London. 


KING'S     ACRE    SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Plfase  write 
for  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ord^^ring  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  rellability.^KiNG's  Acre  Nubseeies,  LIMITED,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS*  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  192 1 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  In  flowers  and  vegetables, 
including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gmtts  on 
application.     Pamphlet  on   Fruit  Culture  for  IJd.   postage. — 

LaXTON    RnOTHERS.    BEDFORD. 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND      STRAWBERRIES.  New      catalogue,      containing 

novelties,    gratis.       Hints    on    planting    and    pruning,    2d. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


PAVING.  —  Crazy    and     Rectangular    Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry,"  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  In  large  or  small  quantities  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  In  England. — HODSON  &  Son,  68,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham. 


RARE    ALPINES.— Cotyledon    simplicifoiius, 

Is  ;  DIanthus  neglectus,  0d. ;  Cerastlnm  vilosum  Od  ; 
Delphinium  tatalenense.  Is. ;  Hypericum  cuneatum.  Is.  3d. ; 
Pentstemnn  llnarloides,  9d. ;  Sedum  pllosum  6d. ;  Lychnis 
Alplna,  6d. ;  Haageana,  9d. ;  Arkwrightl,  Is. ;  Gypsophila 
arctloides,  9d.  (See  article  on  page  106  of  Feb.  29th  issue.) — 
R.  Tpcker  (t  Sons.  Nurserymen.  Oxford. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS      SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — Tkrrt  Lee.  16.  Morden  Road,  Stechtord,  Birmingham. 

FLOWER    POTS.— lo  8in.,   15  6m.,   15   sin., 

15  4in.,  15  3ln.,  complete,  packed  free,  158.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — Tbos.  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brlerley 
Hill. 


SUTTON'S   VEGETABLE  SEEDS. 

By  constant  selection  and  re-sc!cction,  year  by  year,  our  choice 
strains  are  maintained  at  the  highest  standard  of  excellence. 
Our  speciality  for  the  week  : 
BEET— SUTTON'S   BLOOD    RED. 
Maintains  its  pre-eminence  as  the  finest  strain  of  long  Beet 
Of  medium  size  and  lich  colour,  it  is  unrivalled  for  exhibition 
Award  of  merit  R.H.S.     Per  packet,  1/-  and  1/6. 
SUTTON  &   SONS,   THE   KINO'S   SEEDSMEN,   READING. 


KELWAY   BORDERS   SHORTEN   THE 

WINTER. — NOW  is  the  time  to  go  over  your  hardy  plants, 
replenishing  and  renewing  your  herbaceous  borders.  Get  a  list 
from  KELWAY'S  and  let  them  fill  your  gaps  with  fresh  beauty, 
which  will  last  some  years.  Is  your  border  beautiful  with  colour 
for  6  or  7  months  continuously  ?  It  should  be  a  source  of  ever- 
varying  interest  and  pleasure.  If  you  are  not  content,  see  to 
It  now.  Write  to  KELWAVS  at  once  and  let  them  suggest  a 
colour  scheme  so  that  the  neighbouring  plants  do  not  clash. 
The  earlier  you  order  the  greater  your  choice. — Kelwat  &  Son, 
The  Royal  Horticulturists,  Langport,  Somerset. 

NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  ORDER  KELWAY'S 

LOVELY  GLADIOLI  for  spring  planting.  Our  reputation  as 
growers  of  these  beautiful  autumn-flowcnng  bulbs  extends  over 
a  period  of  sixty  years,  and  as  our  bulbs  are  of  our  own  growing 
at  Langport,  customers  are  assured  of  fine  hardy  specimens.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  remind  prospective  buyers  of  the  glorious  com- 
binations of  colour  wtiieh  are  now  obtainable,  more  especially  in 
our  Langprim  strain,  but  we  would  advise  writing  at  once  for 
our  price  list  to  the  Retail  Plant  Department  KeiwaY  and  Son, 
Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN, 

Edinburgh,  will  send  a  copy  of  their  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  paper  is  mentioned 


BATH'S    SELECT  SEEDS    AND   PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application, 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Bept.  E.),  R.  H.  Baib, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wi-sbech. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now       Our  unique  publication,  "irises  sLd 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  applitatioa 


WALLACE'S   HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S    RHODODENDRONS    AND 

AZALEAS.     List  free.  —  II.  WALLACE  &  Co.,  LTD.,  The  Old 
Garden.-*,  Tunbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.       Catalogue     (No.     4)     free.— 
MOORTON,   5.  Thornton   Avenue.  Chiswick. 


CRANSTON'S   FAMOUS   ONIONS:   r^ady  for 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autumn-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Rousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plantj>. 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Offenham,  Wheeler's  Imperial,  R-d 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Promjit 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application. — KING'S 
ACRH  NURSElUES,  LTD.,  Hereford  Qate  Cranston's). 

RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY    PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walla,  terraces,  «fec.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  invited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  &c, — GlLLUM  (Garden  Dept.),  WeJesIey  Couii 
Road.  Croydon._ 

HARDY  ORCHIDS.— Cypripedium  pubescens, 

C.  sp4'ctabne.  Orchis  foliosa,  2/6  each;  O.  latlfolla,  9d. ;  O. 
macuiata,  6d. ;  O.  mascula,  fid. ;  Ophrys  aplfera,  9d.  ;  Eplpacti» 
glgantea,  1/6;  E.  latifolia,  6d.  Descriptive  catalogue  free. — 
BOWELL  A  SkarRATT,  Nurseries.  Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S  "  FUMERS "  &  INSECTI- 
CIDE "Sheets"  for  greenhouse  fumigation:  safe,  effective- 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedf-mrn,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
McDouGALL  Bros..  Ltd..  Port  Strt-et,  Manchester. ^ 

SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES.— Duke  of  York, 

Express,  Eellpse,  Midlothian  Early,  Llewellyn,  May  Queen, 
Nlnetytold.  Great  Srot,  Kerr's  Pink,  Lochar,  Templar,  Tinwald 
Perfectlolt,  Dareil  Early,  Arran  Comrade.  KlnpGeorce  V.  Edsell 
Blue,  King  Edward  VII  (reieneraled),  British  Qui-en,  Arran 
Rose,  Rboderiek  Dhu,  K.  of  K.,  Bloomfleid.  etc  Cata^nizue 
of  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  free  on  applleatlon  — T'LLir, 
Whyte  &  Co..  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV  Bddire, 
E.linbureh.     Established  1837. 


FIDLER'S    NEW    ILLUSTRATED    GARDFN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1«2I  !;■  .NOW 
READY,  and  a  copy  will  b."  sent  post  free  to  any  addrt'si*  on 
receipt  ot  po-st  card. — Write  ot  once  to  FU>LEB  &  Sons  Royal 
Berkshire  Seed  Stores,   Reading. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March   12,   192 1. 


THOUSANDS       OF       USERS       YEARLY 

testify    to    the    excellence    of    Wakeley's    Hop    Manure    for    all    purposes. 

AWARDED  DIPLOMA  AND  MEDAL  AT  THE 

ROYAL  INTERNATIONAL  HORTICULTURAL 

EXHIBITION,  1912. 


celd;rdited' 


HOP  MANURE 


PATENTEO    ) 


V  The  Most  Perfect  o,*?^ 
tp^     Fertilizer   ^^^ 


Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society 

"  Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been 
used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at  Wisley, 
and  I  ain  pleased  to  report  that  it  has 
proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders, 
fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both  under  glass 
and  out  in  the  open  air.", 

(Signed)     W.  WILKS,  Secretary. 


Beware  of  imitations. 
Genuine  only  in  our  marked  bags 

Containing  Guaranteed  Analysis. 


AND 


^  COMPLETE  X. 
SUBSTITUTE 


Prices  (including  bags)  :  1  bushel,  2/3  ; 
4  bushels,  6/-  ;  5-4  bushels,  28/9  ; 
10-4  bushels,  55/-  ;  20-4  bushels,  1  OO/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

A  beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full 
particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt 
of  i>ostcard. 


WAKELEY  BROS.  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  75a,  Bankside,  London 


•'  INTENSIVE    CULTURE    IN    EVERY    GARDEN." 


PATE?)TED 
IN  THE  U.K. 
&     ABROAD. 


THE   CLOCHE   CLIP 

THE    CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 

FOR  making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants. 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeksearlier  by  their 
use.  Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used.  The  Clip  will  make  a  rifiid  Cloche  which  can 
be  handled  without  falling  apart. 

Price  7- doz.     Postage  9d.  1  d02.     1-2doz.      3  d02.  Carriage  Paid.      Cash  with  order. 
Particulars  will  be  sent  on  application— THE    CLOCHE    CLIP    CO  ,   Guildford,    Surrey 

PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED.  THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :    Plants  in  Health 

^  thoronghly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these    and  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H.,  freely  Illustrated, 

beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook,  7s.  6d.  net,  by  post  83.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
is  now  ready  Price  23  6d.  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is  i  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  ConNTRI  LiFB,"  LTD.,  20,  | "  CODNTEY  LlPB,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Ck>vent 
Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2s.  6d.  net ; 
cloth  ;^s.  6d.  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  CotJNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 

STORING    VEGETABLES     AND     FRUITS  : 

with  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fbe"  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid.— Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  CoONXEY  LIFE," 
LTD.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden    W.C.2. 


Garden,  W.C.2. 

THE  DOG:    MAN'S    FIRMEST    FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  mm,  by  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
addressed  to  The  Minager,  "  CoiTNTRY  LITB "  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Stnit,  Oivcut  Garden,  W.C.2. 

HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  ia  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid. — "  COUNTEY^LIFE,"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


r 


KINNELL'S    HOSE 


BE  SATISFIED 
ONLY  WITH 
THE    BEST. 


SECURE  YOUR 

SUPPLIES 

NOW. 


HOSE     LIST     No.    6     POST     FREE.  Sample     Hose     sent     on     request. 


CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  Co.,  Ltd. 


SOUTHWARK  ST. 
LONDON,     S.E.I. 


SWEET  PEAS 


Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM, 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  the  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  posses^s  a  choice 
deUcacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named  5/6 

18           ,.                   ..               ..  8/- 

24            ..                   „               ..  10/6 

30           ..                   ..               ..  12  6 

40           „                                   ..  17  6 

50           ..  22/6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH    WITH   ORDER. 

All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  magnificent  for  all  purposes, containing 
a  wonderful  range  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours ;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 
of   all  the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.PRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.  61),  WEM,  Shropshire. 

A/so    the   finest  Flower   Seeds.    Vegetable 
Seeds.    Potatoes,   etc. 


March   12,    iq2i. 


THE     GARDEN 


John  Waterer,  Sons 
&  Crisp,  Limited. 

SPRING  SPECIALITIES 

I-OR 

BORDERS    and    ALPINE 
GARDENS. 


DELPHINIUMS.  —  Waterer's     New 

Hybrids,  embracing  some  of  the  finest 
forms  in  existence.  Those  Hybrids  of 
our  own  introduction  are  detailed  in 
our  Hardy  Plant  Catalogue  for  i920-i_ 
The  following  are  selected  from  our 
General  Collection  : — 

EACH 

Aepoptane,     brilliant     blue     and     violet, 

white  eye        ...  ...  ...         .••  .••     2/6 

Elsa  (Waterer's),  rich  sUy   blue,   rosy  flush, 

single,  immense  spikes       ...         ...         ...     7  6 

Flossie,  p.ile  blue,  very  effective     ...  ...     2  - 

King  of   Delphiniums,   intense   indigo, 

suffLised  plum  ...  ...         ...  .■•     2/6 

Lavanda  (Waterer's),  semi-double  lavender, 

A.M.,   R.H.S 3/6 

iVIde.  Violet  Geslin,   blue  shaded  rose, 

double  ...  ...  ...  •■•  ...      3/ o 

Niobe,   pale  blue,  dark  eye    ...  ...  ...     2/6 

The  Alake,  deep  purple  blue,  magnificent  3/6 
Mixed   Hybrids,  beautiful  shades  ...     9d_ 

MICHAELMAS  DAISIES.  Our  Catalogue 
deals  with  over  120  distinct  varieties. 

PERENNIAL     IRISES,     in     150     named 

varieties. 

LUPINS.  We  have  raised  many  ex- 
quisite Perennial  forms,  invaluable  for 
the  border  for  their  beauty  of  colouring 
and  free  flowering  propensities. 

PERENNIAL  PHLOXES  are  essential  in 
a  wisely  planned  colour  border.  Large 
areas  are  devoted  to  the  culture  of  the 
best  forms. 

PYRETHRUMS,  Single  and  Double. 
Planting  time  is  close  at  hand,  and  their 
beautiful  shades  should  subscribe  to 
the  colour  scheme  of  every  border. 

ALPINE  PLANTS.  We  grow  large 
numbers  of  the  choicer  hardy  subjects, 

including  Aubrietias,  Campanulas, 
Dianthus,  Saxifragas,  Sedums, 

Primulas,     Violas,     &C.,      and     many 

gems      and     rarities      not      commonly 

known. 

IN    FACT,    there    is    very    little    that    is 

HARDY  and  REALLY  WORTH  GROWING 

that    is    not    provided   for   in    our    140 

page  Catalogue. 

The   Nurseries, 
TWYFORD,   Berks. 

Also  at  BAGSHOT,  Surrey,  &  LONDON. 


mfcWt  w^M»ii%  »#w»* 


GRAND   COLLECTIONS 

PHLOX. 

Jules  Sandeau,  purr  pink. 
W.  C.  Egan,  m-y  lavi  mUr. 
Wanadis,  p;U<-  I;iVind^*r  bluf. 
Nana  Ccerulea,  purpli.-'h  blue.     2 
Selma,  salmun  pink. 
Iris,  IjIuc  vidli  I. 

E.  Campbell,  b' >t  pink,  white  eye. 
Hanny  Pfleiderer,  creamy  whili-,  rose-  eye. 
Antonin  Mercie,  lavender. 
Coquelicot,  tiiiy  scarlet. 

General  van  Heutsz,  orange  scarlet. 

F.  A.  Buchner,  white. 

1  eaeh  of  ;ilioVf  9/-  ;    2  of  each  17/- 
PAPAVERS    (Oriental  Poppies). 

Perry's  Unique,  crimson  pearlrt. 

Rose  Queen,  r(i>c  piuk. 

Princess  Ena,  -almon  rose. 

Oriflame,  ^rarl'  t. 

Silver  Blick,  >ilvery  white. 

Silver  Queen,  wtiite. 

Mrs.  Perry,  apricot  salmon. 

Queen  Alexandra,  clear  rose. 

Masterpiece,  salmon  pink. 

Goliath,  Murlrt,  enormous  flowers. 

Perry's  White,  white. 

Lady  Roscoe,  salmon  shaded  terra-cotta. 
1  (.1  racli  8/6  ;     J  of  eaeli  16/. 
CAMPANULAS    (for   Rockeries). 

Carpatica    Isabel,  dark  \iok-t. 
,,  White  Star,  white. 

,,  Riverslea,  rich  blue. 

Qarganica  minor,  pale  blue. 

G.  F.  Wilson,  deep  blue. 
Profusion,  pale  blue. 
Bavarica,  blue. 
Aggregata,  bluish  purple. 
Stevensii  nana,  d(ep  blue. 
Pulloides,  dci'p  purple. 
Turbinata  pallida,  pale  blue. 

,,  purpUsh  blue. 

1  each  9/- ;    2  of  each  17/6  ;    3  of  eacli  25/-. 
AUBRIETIAS    (12    Grand    Varieties). 
Argentea,   Pritchard's    A.I.,    Purple    Robe,   Violet 
Queen,  Purpurea,  Godstone  (N(  w),  Tauricola  alba, 
The  Queen  (Xiw),  Leichtlini,  Lilac  Queen,  Laven- 
der, Sov.  de  Wm.  Ingram. 
1  of  each  8/6  ;    2  of  each  16,-  ;    3  of  each  24/6. 
Send  for  Desciiptivr  List  of  Ilerbactous  and  Alpine  Plant  >. 

W.     WELLS,     Jun., 

Hardy  Plant  Nurseries,  MERSTHAM,  SURREY. 


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AUBRIETIAS 

(New/  Varieties). 

t^*        (,?*        If* 

Strong  tufty  plants  grown  in  pots  for  Imme- 
diate  planting    out    for   eflfect    this  Spring. 

ATTRACTION  (R.  V.  PRICHABD).  1921  Novelty. 

Immense  pale   mauve;    largest  flowers  of    any, 

each  5'-. 
AUBREY  PRICHARD,  rich  mauve  blue,  circular 

Howcrs.  1  6  each,  15/-  doz. 
BLUE   KING,  nearest  aprroach  to  blue,  1/6  each, 

is;-  doz. 

CHURCH  HNOWLE.   lovely    grey   blue,    I/-  each. 

10!-  doz. 
DAYBREAK,  rosy  lavender,  1/6  each,  15/-  doz, 
FIRE   KING.    IMPROVED,    reddish   crimson,    1/6 

each,  15/-  doz. 
RIVERSLEA  PINK,  large  rosy  pinU,  1/-  each,  10/- 

doz. 
ROSEA  SPLENDENS.  lovely  soft  rose  pint  large 

size,  perfect  habit.     Award  .Merit,  R.H.S.  Spring, 

1919,    1/6  each,  six  plants  for  8/8. 
RUSSELL'S  CRIMSON,  darkest  of  the  red  shades, 

1/-  each,  10/-  doz. 
STUDLAND.  clear  lavender  mauve.  l/-each,  10/6 

doz. 
VIRGINIE,  rich  lavender,  white  centre.   1/6  e.Tch, 

15/- doz. 
WARBARROW,  pure  deep  rose.  II-  e.ach,  10/6  doz. 

Collection,  one  each  of  the  above,  12/6,  other 

varieties  of  Aubrietias,  9d.  each,  8/-  doz. 

Carriage  extra. 

CATALOGUE  of  best  rock  and  herbaceous  plants 
on  application. 

MAURICE    PRICHARD, 

Riverslea   Nursery, 

CHRISTCHURCH,    HANTS. 


annnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 


BATH'S 

BORDER 

CARNATIONS,  &c. 

For    Present    Planting. 

We  make  a  great  speciality  of  Carnations,  and  our 
stock  is  unequalled.  The  plants  are  very  strong, 
perfectly  hardy,  and  will  satisfy  the  most  lastid  ous 
buyer.  The  following  Sets  are  selected  from  oui 
unsurpassed  collection  of  450  varieties,  and  cjntain 
the  cream  of  the  new  and  older  sorts. 
SET  D. 
One  dozen  extra  fine  varieties  for  15/-,   carriage  paid, 

Bookham  White. — Pure  white;    perfect  form.     1  ,'3. 
Francesca. — Heliotrope,  brilliant  carmine  base.     2/-. 
My  Clove. — Apple  blossom  ;  suffused  heliotrope.     2/6. 
Lord  Kitchener.— Purest  white,  marked  blood  red.     2/-. 
Elizabeth  Shiffner. — A  grand  orange  self.     1/3. 
Fujiyama. — Glowing  red;    very  large  flower.     1/3. 
Lord  Roberts. — -Bright  sulphur  yellow  ;   very  free.    1/-. 
Duchess  of  Wellington. — Deep  lavender.     1/3. 
Romeo. — Yellow,  suffused  and  marked  pink  ;  extra    2/-. 
Caprice. — Pink,  mottled  red;    fine  form.     1/-. 
Distinction. — Crushed  strawberry  ;    lovely.     1/3. 
Induna.  — Maroon  ;    finely  formed  flower.     1/-. 
SET     E. 
One  dozen  choice  varieties  for  11/-,  carriage  paid. 
Diana. — Pure  white;    large  full  flower.     1/-. 
Red  Emperor. — Rosy  red;    extra  large  flower.     2/-. 
Queen  Alexandra. — Bufl  yellow  ;    very  free.     1  /-. 
Lady  Greenall, — Bright  rosy  red,  shading  to  pink.    1/-. 
Lord  Tennyson. — Yellow,  distinctly  edged  rose.     1/-. 
Ariadne. — A  lovely  heliotrope  self.     1/-. 
Constance. — Yellow,  marked  pink:    fine  quality.     1/-. 
Isolde. — Raspberry  red  ;    very  bright  and  distmct.    1/-. 
Morocco. — Deep  velvety  crimson.     1/-. 
Pink  Pearl. — Rich  pink  self ;  strongly  fragrant.     1  /6. 
A.  B.  Stewart.^.Apricot.  suffused  rose.     1/3. 
Mrs.  F.  J.  Bealing.— Brilliant  scarlet ;    very  vigorous  ; 
continues  flowering  all  summer.     1  /-. 

Bath's  Popular  Set  of  12  Fine  Named  Varieties  of 
Carnations  and  Picotees.   Price  8/6,  carriage  paid, 

BATH'S     GOLD     MEDAL 

DELPHINIUMS. 

These  plants  are  remarkably  handsome  in  the 
border,  and  during  the  early  summer  and  autumn  the 
bold  and  stately  masses  of  brilliant  blue  and  purple 
produce  a  striking  effect  unequalled  by  any  other  flower. 

One  dozen  extra  fine  varieties  for  21  /-,  carriage  paid. 
Andrew  Carnegie. — Light  blue,  mac  centre.     1/6. 
Hugo  Poortman. — Pale  blue  ;    enormous  flower,     2/6. 
La  Tendresse. — Light  blue  and  mauve.     2/6. 
Rev.    E.    Lascelles. — Oxford    blue,    with    conspicuous 

white  eye ;    magnificent.     2/-. 
Pannonia — Brilliant    ultra-marine     blue,     white    eye; 

distinct  and  beautiful.     A.M.,  R,H,S.,  1920,     3/6. 
Turquoise. — Pale  blue,  dark  centre;    distinct.     2/-. 
Rozenlust. — Mauve,  edged  Cambridge  blue.     2/-. 
Resplendens.— Pale  blue,  tinted  mauve  ;    superb.    2/6. 
K.  F.  Caron. — Gentian  blue,  white  centre.     1/6. 
King  of  Delphiniums. — Gentian  blue  and  plum,  white 

eye.     1/6. 
Geneva.— Sky  blue,  white  eye;    lovely.     1/-. 
Mrs.  Creighton. — Cobalt  blue,  shaded  plum.     1/6. 

BATH'S    GOLD     MEDAL 

Pi4EONIES. 

The  most  gorgeous  of  all  garden  flowers.  Requires 
less  cultural  attention  than  almost  any  other  plant. 
Exceedingly  hardy,  its  vigour  and  beauty  increase  year 
by  year. 

SET     B. 

12  glorious  richly  fragrant  varieties  for  25/-,  carriage  paid. 
Albert  Crousse. — Pinkish  blush  ;    very  large.     3/6. 
Canarie. — White,  tinted  sulphur  ;    very  free.     2/-. 
Duchess  de  Nemours. — Snow  white ;    very  free.     2/-. 
Felix  Crousse. — Brilliant  crimson  ;    large  flower.     2/-. 
Golden  Harvest. — Blush,  creamy  white  centre.     3/6. 
Lady  Carrington. — Flesh  ;    very  large.     3/-. 
Marie  Lemoine. — Pure  white  ;    late  ;    extra  fine.     3/-. 
Mme.  Calot.— White,  tipped  rose  ;    extra      2/-. 
Mme.  de  Vatry. — r^ink,  white  centre.     2/-. 
Mons.  Chas.  Levique. — A  lovely  silvery  blush.     2/6. 
Festiva  Maxima. — White,  tipped  blood  red.     2/-. 
Solfaterre. — Beautiful  primrose  yellow.     2/6. 
.'   mplete  Illustrated  Catalogues  post  free  on  application. 

R.   H.  BATH,   LTD., 

The     Floral     Farms,    WISBECH. 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[M.^RCH    12,     I921. 


RYDERS 

RELIABLE    NOVELTIES 


RYDERS  OVAL  BEET. 

A  splendid  perfectly  oval-shaped  root  of  the 
darkest  blood-red  colour,  which  matures  very 
early.    6d.  &  1/-  per  pacUet. 

RAJAH  RUNNER  BEAN. 

The  Hncst  RLinner  Hean  in  commerce.  It  is 
equally  valuable  for  exhibition  as  for  gene  al 
purposes.  Tl-,e  beans  are  very  long,  straight, 
of  delicate  flavour,  and  exceptionally  produc- 
tive.    1/-  per  i-pint. 

LUPINS 

A  new  race  of  perpetual  perennial  hybrids 
between  selected  Tree  ^-  Herbaceous  varieties. 
Many  lovely  colours.     6d.  per  packet. 

SCABIOUS. 

Mrs.  R.  F.  Felton.  The  finest  Caucasica 
variety.  Long-stemmed ;  waved  lavender- 
mauve  flowers.      6d.  and  1/-  per  pacUet. 

SCABIOUS.  WHITE  QUEEN. 

A  greatly  improved  Ivory  White  perennial 
Scabious,    fid.  and  1(-  per  packet. 

TREES  AND  SHRUBS. 

Seeds  of  many  genera  and  species  never 
before  offered.     6d.  and  1/-  per  packet. 

We  hax>e  splendid  stocks  of  all  vegetable  and  jin-w  r 
seeds  and,  in  consequence  of  our  perfect  organ  za- 
Hon,  can  sell  the  Finest  Possible  Seeds— Seeds  True 
fo  Name  and  of  High  Germinating  Percentage  at 
very  Low  Prices. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE— POST  F^JEE. 

All   orders  are   executed  the  day   of  receipt  and   all 
Seed  Orders  of  5;-  and  upwards  sent  carriage  p, 


RYDERS, 


Seed  Dept.  11,   ST.  ALBANS 


iKyder  &  Son  (;920).  ltd.) 

Everylhins    you    want    for  the   eardm   from    Ryderi— SEEDS. 

PLANTS.    BUIBS.    POTATOES,    and    Sundries. 


'.'■■rv 


's.  A-K^ 

/■■^  .&••■. 


FLOWER  SEEDS  to  sow   now 
in  frame  or  greenhouse. 

STOCKS,  large  fld.,    ten  week, 
finest  mixed,  6d.perpkt- 
All  ■  the  ■  Year    Round, 
beautiful  double  white, 
6d.  and  i/-  per  pkt. 
„        Large    fld.    pyramidal, 
large      double    flowers, 
mixed,  td.  per  pkt. 
ASTERS,  Giant  Comet,  mixed; 
GiantComet,white;OstrichPlume, 
white;    ditto,  mixed;    Truff ant's 
Perfection,      mixed ;       Victoria, 
mixed  ;  Dwf.  Chrysanthemum,  fld. 
mixed ;    Sinensis,    single    mauve, 
pink,  and  white,  all  6d.  per  pkt., 
best  obtainable  strains. 
CARNATION,      finest     border 
vars.,  self  colours,  1/6  per  pkt. 
GLOXINIA,   finest    erect   fld., 
I  /6  per  pkt. 

PRIMULAS,  giant  fld.,  in  good 
variety  of  sep.  colours,  and  finest 
mixed,  1/6  per  pkt. 
AURICULA  ALPINE,  finest 
strain  for  outdoor  culture,  6d.  pkt. 
NEMESIAS,  Triumph,  and 
Blue  Gem,  splendid  half-hardy 
annuals,  6d.  and  i/-  per  pkt.  ; 
sow  end  of  March.'  ►>■ 

SALPIGLOSSIS  grandifloni^, 
very  fine  half-hardy  annuals, 
jd.  and  6d. 

J.  R.  Pearson  SSons,  Ltd., 
Lowdham. 

Notts. 


CUCUMBERS. 

Cucumbers  now  being 
cultivated  under  glass 
should  be  given  a  dress- 
ing of  Canary  Guano — 
the  ideal  fertilizer  for 
Cucumbers.  Canary 
Guano  is  not  a  stimulant, 
but  a  food  for  all  plant 
life. 


Obta  nable  from  all  Seeds- 
men in  Cartons  1/-  each: 
Bags,  71b.,  3/6;  141b.,  6/6; 
281b.,  11/-;  561b.,  19/-; 
1  cwt.,  35/-  each  ;  or  direct 
from  the  makers. 


Write     to-day     for      FREE 

Booklet  \o.   t1.   containittfi 

full  particulars  of  Canai  y 

Guano  with  Garden  Diary 

for   the     Year,    post    free. 


W-^       Estab.  1782. 


GET  THIS 
FREE  GUIDE 


TO-DAY. 


Simply  write  a  postcard  now  for  an  absolutely  free 
copy  of  our  l-eautifully  illustrated 

''GUIDE  TO 
GARDEN    WISDOM 
AND     GUARANTEED 
GARDEN   SEEDS.' 


5f 


We  shall  be  delighted  to  send  it  to  you  absolutely 
freely,  and  \\ithout  any  sort  of  obligation  on  your  part. 
Ensures  Your  Garden  being  as  Lovely  and  as  Profit- 
able as  the  one  you  have  so  often  admired,  and  saves 
you  money,  too. 

EVERY  PACKET  OF  SEEDS  ordered  thence 
MUST  grow  for  YOU  and  please  you  or  you  will  get  it 
REPLACED  FREELY.  Your  decision  is  absolutely 
final.  \Ve  shall  not  be  thereto  influence  you.  If  a 
Stedsman  has  not  confidence  enough  in  his  Seeds  to 
sell  them  under  a  plain  Guarantee,  they  are  obviously 
not  good  enough  for  YOUR  Garden. 

Please 'post  yourGcard  to-day.  addressing  us'  per- 
sonally." 

TOOGOOD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 

Seedsmen    to     H.M.     the     King,     and 

Growers  of  "  Better  Crops  "  Seeds  only. 

SOUTHAMPTON. 


<i-^££<^t^x^^ 


No.  2573.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[March  12,  19^1 


vellow 


THE  time  for  pruning  Roses  is  approach- 
ing. The  majority  of  Roses  should  be 
pruned  the  second  week  in  March. 
Tea  Roses  are  best  left  until  April. 
Roses  should  be  pruned  rather  severely 
the  first  time  after  planting,  that  is  to  say, 
last  year's  growth  should  be  pruned  to  within 
2  inches  or  3  inches  from  its  base.  The  inexperi- 
enced amateur  seldom  prunes  his  Roses  hard 
enough.  Even  rambling  Roses  should  be  cut 
back  to  within  about  6  inches  of  the  ground  the 
first  season  after  planting,  but  established 
ramblers  should  be  pruned  after  flowering. 

An  Effective  RhoUodendron. — In  the  con- 
servatory at  Kew  [there  is  a  fine  plant  of 
Rhododendron  K^empferi  literally  smothered 
in  bloom.  This  Rhododendron,  which  is  closely 
related  to  R.  indicum,  is  a  native  of  Japan  and  is 
a  semi-evergreen  or  nearly  deciduous  shrub.  The 
flowers  are  rosy  scarlet,  have  bright 
anthers,  and  are  highly 
ornamental.  Cut  sprays, 
when  placed  in  water  last 
for  a  week  or  two  and 
are  very  effective  under 
artificial  light. 

Rhododendron    max! 
mum    14   feet   High.— 

At  Dawyck,  in  the  Upper 
Valley  of  the  Tweed,  there 
is  a  plant  of  Rhododen- 
dron maximum,  planted 
probably  in  the  'forties 
or  early  'fifties.  It  is 
about  14  feet  high  and 
has  three  stems  of  about 
15  inches  girth.  Professor 
Sargent  when  he  saw  it 
in  1914  thought  it  as 
large  a  plant  of  the 
"  American  Laurel"  as  he 
had  seen  in  cultivation. 
1 1  flowers  with  me  in  early 
July,  and  is,  of  course, 
as  hardy  a  species  as  R. 
ponticum  ;  indeed,  more 
so  as  it  is  ■  native  in 
New  England,  where  R. 
ponticum  does  not  sur- 
vive.   I  have  several  wild, 

lifted.  American  plants  of  it.  Vou  state  that  it 
has  not  been  much  used  in  hybridisation,  but  I 
think  I  am  right  in  saying  that  Professor  Bayley 
Balfour  thinks  it  the  probable  parent  of  many  so- 
called  Rhododendron  catawbiense  hybrids.  It  is 
curious  that  most  or  all  "catawbiense"  hybrids 
have  sticky  young  shoots,  very  characteristic 
of  R.  maximum  and  not  of  R  catawbiense.  A 
few  years  ago  I  was  able  to  fertilise  a  few  very  late 
flowers  of    R.    decorum    with    pollen    from    early 


R.  maxinmm  and  have  raised  a  few  seedlings  from 
the  resultant  seed  which  show  in  their  foliage 
characters  of  both  parents. — F.  R.  S.  Balfour. 

Sowing  Annuals  in  the  Cpen. — Some  readers, 
we  find,  after  reading  instructions  about  sowing 
and  raising  annuals  under  glass,  imagine  that 
they  cannot  be  successfully  grown  in  the  open 
garden.  It  should  be  made  perfectly  clear  that 
all  hardy  annuals  can  be  sown  and  raised  in  the 
open  with  good  results,  so  long  as  the  ground  is 
dug  over  and  left  with  a  fine  even  surface.  Of 
course  the  annuals  raised  in  the  open  will  be  later 
than  those  sown  under  glass,  but  in  many  gardens 
this  is  an  advantage  rather  than  otherwise. 

An  Early  Summer-flowering  Perennial 
(Staehys  grandiflora  robusta). — The  illustration 
below  depicts  a  luxuriant  variety  of  Staehys 
grandiflora,  which  is  also  known  and  is  figured 
in  an  early  number  of  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
tab.    700,    as    Betonica    grandiflora.     A    Siberian 


known. 


The 


A     PERENNIAL     THAT     WILL     THRIVE     IN     ANY     SOIL. 

plant,  it  is  said  to  have  been  first  introduced 
about  1800.  The  many-flowered  whorls  of  violet 
flowers  are  freely  produced  in  early  summer. 
A  hardy  herbaceous  perennial,  the  subject  of  this 
note  and  other  Staehys  (Hedge  Nettles)  thrive 
in  any  garden  sod. 

A  New  Delphinium.— The  illustration  on  the 
front  cover  of  this  issue  depicts  the  new  Del- 
phinium, Mrs.  W.  Wells,  the  flowers  of  which  are 
rosy  mauve.     Some  idea  of  the  vigour  and  beauty 


of  this  variety  may  be  gleaned  from  the  fret 
that  the  illustration  is  of  belated  spikes  photo- 
graphed the  first  week  in  October. 

Saxifragas  at  Kew.— The  bright  sunny  da>s 
during  the  past  week  or  so  have  brought  several 
of  these  alpine  gems  into  full  flower  and  the  reck 
garden  is  looking  quite  bright  at  present.  Those 
Saxifrages  now  in  flower  include  Burseriana,  pure 
white ;  Irvingii,  white  tinted  pink ;  oppositi- 
folia,  rosy  purple  ;  apiculata,  pale  yellow  ; 
apiculata  alba  ;  Haagei,  deep  yellow  ;  Eliza- 
bethae,  yellow  ;  Boydii,  yellow  ;  B.f  alba  ;  L.  S. 
Godseff,  yellow ;  and  marginata,  pure  Twhite. 
There  is  also  a  fine  batch  of  Megasea  ligulata 
speciosa,  whose  purplish  flowers  are  very  showy, 
and  a  batch  of  Megasea  ciliata,  white  suffused 
pink. 

A  Little-known  Plant  (Pericome  caudata.)— 
TJiis    beautiful    cnmposifae   deserves    to    be    better 
strong     scented,     golden     yellow 
flowers,  last  a    consider- 
able    time.      It     is    a 
native   of    Colorado    and 
.:    .         was  introduced  in    1896. 
It  is  sometimes  spoken  of 
as  a  steub,  but  the   large 
clump  we  have  in  mind  is 
growing  in  the   open  and 
flowers    freely  every  year 
and    never    attempts     to 
be    anything    other    than 
lierbaceous. 

Nemesias  as  Bedding 
Plants. — It  is  pleasing  to 
record  the  increasing 
popularity  of  this  half 
Iiardy  annual  as  a  sum- 
mer bedding  plant. 
During  August  two  beds 
of  the  large  flowered 
varieties,  edged  with  the 
dwarf  compact  (hybrid) 
varieties  were  the  out- 
standing feature  of  the 
Promenade  Gardens  at 
Lowestoft.  Raised  in  a 
cold  frame  and  planted 
out  early  in  June, 
6  inches  to  9  inches 
apart,  the  Nemesias 
are  not  only  useful  seaside  annuals,  but  evi- 
dently grow  and  flower  well  duri-.g  moist  and 
dull  weather. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 

March  14. — United  Horticultural  Benefit  and 
Provident  Society's  Annual  Meeting.  Bath 
Gardeners'  Debating  Society's  Meeting. 

March  22. — Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Fort- 
nightly Meeting 


122 


THE     GARDEN. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


SPARTIUM    JLINCEUM    AND     ITS     TIME 

OF     FLOWERING. 

JN  reply  to  a  recent  correspondent  on  this  subject, 
it  appears  to  me  that  moisture  is  mainly  the 
governing  factor  in  deciding  the  blooming  period 
of  this  shrub.  Here,  on  a  bank  of  light  soil,  whii  h 
quickly  dries  up  in  surrmier  weather,  S.  junccum 
responds  in  a  most  markSfl  manner  to  moisture. 
In  a  wet  season  like  the  last,  for  example,  the 
shrubs  were  continuously  in  bloom,  but  when  we 
get  a  dry  August  and  September  they  will  go  off 
completely,  coming  on  again  with  renewed  vigour 
with  the  autumn  rains,  and  often  fiowering  until 
Christmas.  We  never  cut  b.ack  this  subject,  pre- 
ferring to  raise  fresh  plants  every  couple  of  years  or 
so.  Few  shrubs  are  more  easily  propagated  by 
seed  and  surely  few  can  equal  the  rate  at  which 
the  seedlings  grow.— A,  T.  J.,  N.  Wales. 

T  HAVE  been  interested  in  the  notes  on  Spartium 

junceum    that     appeared     in    The     Garden 

recently,  particularly  those  on  page  i6  regarding 

its  flowering  on  the  Riviera.     Our  period  of  flower- 


THE     YELLOW     SPANISH     BROOM     (SPARTIUM     JUNCEUM;. 
The  flowering  season  varies  from  April  to  Christmas. 


ing  here,  in  the  vrarm  interior  Sacramento  Valley 
in  California,  seems  to  almost  coincide  with  that, 
since  the  Broom  begins  to  flower  in  the  latter  part 
of  April,  is  at  its  height  in  May,  and  is  scattering 
its  bloom  through  June.  This  is  not  strange,  I 
suppose,  considering  our  similar  warm,  dry 
summers.  On  the  coast,  however,  and  around 
the  bay  regions  in  California,  where  the  air  is 
moister  and  cooler,  the  Broom  behaves  much  as 
it  does  in  England,  coming  into  flower  later  and 
continuing  through  the  summer  and  fall.  Here, 
in  the  interior,  the  leaves  are  small  and  narrow, 
and  my  impression  is  that  they  remain  on  during 
at  least  part  of  the  summer.  There  is  none  at 
all,  however,  during  fall  and  winter.  To  supple- 
ment its  sparse  foliage  I  have  it  growing  with 
Ceanothus  Gloirc  de  Versailles,  which  does  very 
well  here.  In  May  the  two  shrubs  are  both  in 
flower,  but  the  Ceanothus  blooms  intermittently 
through  the  summer  and  well  into  the  autumn. 
My  Ceanothus,  however,  is  just  a  young  bush, 
and  I  cannot  say  how  a  well  developed  shrub 
would  behave,  smce  it  is  difficult  to  judge  of  any 
plant's  behaviour  here  without  experience.  I 
am  tempted  by  the  notes  in  The  Garden  to  try 


Clematis  with  the  Broom. — Leila  B.  Stapleton, 
Oroville,  California. 

EARLY     FLOWERS     AND     THE      MILD 

SEASON. 

J  HAVE  to-day  (February  27)  filled  two  big 
vases  with  branches  of  Prunus  Pissardii  in 
full  bloom.  Neither  my  gardener  nor  I  ever 
remember  picking  it  in  February  before.  Can 
any  of  your  other  readers  recall  so  early  a 
blossoming  ?  If  so,  it  will  be  interesting  to  have 
tlie  dates. — E.  Byng  oi-  Vimv. 

T  SEND  you  a  bit  off  a  spray  of  a  very  fine 
large-flowered  Almond  from  an  old  garden 
in  Shankill,  County  Dublin.  You  will  see  the 
flowers  are  2l  inches  across  (when  they  open)  and 
of  a  very  delicate  pink  colour.  The  tree  is  about 
45  feet  high  and  sets  fruit  regularly.  Erodium 
corsicum  in  the  same  garden  flourishes  in  an 
herbaceous  border  and  seeds  freely.  Calceolarias 
grow  outside  unprotected  all  the  winter  and  flower 
intermittently  through  the  winter  months.  On 
February  27  Eccremo- 
carpus  scaber  was 
fiowering  on  a  wall  with- 
out any  protection. — 
W.  P  H  V  L  I  s  JIoore, 
Glasiiei'in. 

BUTTERFLIES 
AND     STATICE. 

r^N  page  28  of  The 
Garden  for  January 
15  Mr.  Ballard  gives  two 
varieties  of  annual 
Statice,  sinuata  and 
Bonduelli  as  being 
plants  the  flowers  of 
which  butterflies  delight 
to  visit.  If  this  be  the 
taste  of  Malvern  butter- 
flies I  very  much  regret 
that"those  of  Whitewell 
are  quite  different.  It 
is  a  curious  coincidence 
that  Mr.  Ballard  should 
mention  these  particular 
plants,  for  last  summer 
I  had  a  fair-si^ed  bed  of 
each.J^  measuring  about 


16  feet  by  .^  feet,  andj  I  cannot  remember 
seeing  a  single  butterfly  on  either  during 
their  long  season  of  blooming,  while  30  yards 
away  was  the  Michaelmas  Daisy  patch  where  Red 
Admirals  and  TortoisesheUs  abounded.  My 
Statices  were  raised  under  glass  in  the  orthodox 
way— pricked  out  first,  then  planted  in  their 
permanent  homes,  but  I  would  hardly  call  them 
■'  summer  "  blooming  like  Mr.  BaUard,  unless  he 
would  include  late  .\ugust  and  September  in  that 
season.  Perhaps  if  we  had  had  more  sun  and  less 
damp  and  rain  things  might  have  been  dfflerent.— 
Joseph  Jacob. 

THEXSIZE     OF     YEW     TREES. 

'J'HOUGH  I  can  give  no  figures,  the  measurements 
of  the  Yew  mentioned  by  Mr.  T.  W.  Briscoe 
in  The  Garden  of  February  19  must  surely.  I 
think,  be  very  inferior  to  those  which  might  be 
afforded  by  many  trees  in  this  country.  The  fact 
is  the  Yew  is  rather  a  deceiver  in  so  far  as  its 
girth  is  concerned,  for,  unlike  any  other  tree  with 
which  I  am  acquainted,  it  is  possessed  of  the  power 
of  continuously  renewing  its  vitality,  if  not  its 
youth.     Thus  a  Yew  may  become  all  but  a  skeleton, 


[March  12,  1921. 

but,  nothing  daunted,  it  will  wrap  up  its  old  bones 
in  a  fold  of  fresh  wood  and  "  carry  on  "  as  if  nothing 
had  happened.  In  addition  to  this  the  many  side 
or  basal  growths  which  spring  up  from  healthy 
bark  may  grow  together  and  in  due  time  lend 
their  aid  to  the  thickening  of  the  trunk.  What 
are  a  "  thousand  years  of  gloom  "  to  a  tree  with 
such  recuperative  energy  ?  Dead  Yews  ought 
to  be  as  rare  as  dead  donkeys.  So  the  old  ones 
indeed  are,  but  when  Yews  die  they  die  young, 
as  one  may  see  in  almost  any  wood  where  the 
species  abounds  in  a  natural  state. — A,  T,  Johnson, 

THE     COLOURS    OF      EARLY     SPRING 

FLOWERS. 

J^EFERRING  to  "J,  G.  W.'s "  letter  in  The 
Garden  of  February  19.  do  we  not  find 
that  yellow  or  white  flowers  are  the  majority 
more  or  less  through  the  year,  but  the  abundance 
of  flowers  in  the  summer  months  makes  us  notice 
those  colours  we  like  best  ?  The  wild  Dog  Rose 
is  the  glory  of  our  hedgerows  and  thickets  in 
June,  and  we  do  not  notice  the  yellows  and  whites, 
which,  nevertheless,  are  numerous  in  that  erder, 
e.g.,  Agrimony  and  Silver  Weed,  Meadow  Sweet, 
and  most  fruit  trees.  The  Prinu'ose  tribe  in 
summer  continues  its  yellow  in  Loosestrife  and 
Creeping  Jenny.  The  very  numerous  Umbelli- 
fer«  gives  us  white  flowers  or  dull  yellow,  f.g., 
Carrot  and  Parsnip.  In  Compositae,  besides 
Dandelions,  there  are  hosts  of  Hawkweeds  and 
Hawkbits,  Ragworts  and  Dog  Daisies,  though  we 
perhaps  notice  more  the  purple  Thistles  and 
Knapweeds,  The  Foxglove  spire  and  tlie  little 
Speedwell's  darling  blue  we  love,  yet  that  showy 
order  to  which  they  belong  has  Mulleins  and 
Butter  and  Eggs,  The  quiet  pleasure  of  the 
colours  of  Heath  and  Harebells  may  well  be 
associated  with  St,  John's  Worts  not  far  off. 
The  Pea  tribe  abounds  in  yellows,  leading  off  with 
Gorse  and  Broom  and  going  on  with  yellow  Vetch- 
ling  and  Bird's-foot  Trefoil,  which  made  sheets 
of  colour  in  fields  here  last  summer.  As  to  sheets 
of  colour,  spring  claims  the  Bluebell,  a  set-off 
to  its  yellow  or  white.  1  believe  the  cause  of 
bright  colours  is  sunshine.  Our  Anemones  and 
Buttercups  are  represented  in  Mediterranean 
countries  by  the  wild  forms  of  our  gorgeous  garden 
kinds.  The  orders  to  which  our  showy  flowers 
belong  apparently  did  not  begin  till  after  the  Chalk 
Period.  It  may  be  that  clearer  skies,  due  to  the 
elevation  of  the  land,  were  the  means  of  developing 
these  treasures  of  the  vegetable  kingdom, — 
George  Yonge,  Cranleigh,  Surrey. 

T  MAY  not  be  giving  a  satisfactory  answer  from 
the  scientific  point  of  view  to  the  question 
raised  by  "  J,  G,  W."  in  the  issue  of  February  19 
when  I  point  out  that  the  comparatively  quiet, 
cool  and  fresh  colours  of  early  spring  flowers 
harmonise  much  better  with  the  low  tones  of 
their  surroundings  at  this  time  of  year.  Colouring 
such  as  we  get  in  Dahlias.  Begonias  and  most 
summer  annuals  would  look  crude  and  glaring 
amid  the  quiet  drabs,  olives,  browns  and  greys 
of  the  winter  landscape.  The  soft  drab-green 
of  frostbitten  grass  makes  the  most  perfect  setting 
and  background  conceivable  for  the  virgin  purity 
of  Snowdrops,  also  for  tlie  living  green  and 
sparkling  gold  of  early  Daffodils,  AH  the  count- 
less and  indescribable  tints  of  gold,  lemon, 
primrose,  citron,  orange,  cream,  ivory  and  white, 
faint  elusive  buffs  and  pinks  to  be  found  nowadays 
in  the  great  Daffodil  family  would  be  lost  unless 
seen  against  a  neutral  tinted  background,  and, 
moreover,  would  look  out  of  place  amid  tlie  strong 
greens  and  bright  colours  of  summer  vegetation. 
This  latter  fact  was  demonstrated   to  me  during 


March  12,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


123 


the  summer  and  autumn  months  of  last  year, 
as  a  series  of  New  Zealand  raised  seedling  Narcissi 
which  were  sent  me  by  Mr.  Norman  R.  W.  Thomas 
of  Auckland,  began  to  flower  in  June  and  kept 
on  till  November,  I  was  much  struck  by  the 
washed-out  appearance  of  the  flowers  wlien  looked 
at  in  the  midsummer  sunshine  in  tlie  garden, 
surrounded  by  midsunmier  flowers  and  foliage  ; 
dainty  Leedsiis  looked  dirty  and  yellows  thin. 
Tliey  gained  much  character  when  cut  and 
brought  into  a  room  from  which  sunlight  was 
excluded ;  while  those  which  bloomed  in  late 
October  when  the  surrounding  colours  had  become 
subdued  looked  e%'er  so  much  better  and  gave  one 
far  more  pleasure.  I  have  no  doubt  also  that 
the  cool  and  delicate  tones  of  early  spring  flowers 
are  seen  to  best  advantage  in  the  comparatively 
subdued  light  of  the  early  months  of  the  year, 
for  I  have  often  observed  that  Daffodils  look  mucli 
better  in  the  evening  light  when  the  sun  has 
gone  off  them,  while  May-flowering  Tulips  require 
the  full  brilliance  of  the  morning  sunshine  to 
reveal  the  wonder  of  their  flaming  colours  to  best 
advantage.  Nature  makes  no  mistakes  in  her 
colour  and  light  effects  ;  not  only  is  the  early 
spring  scheme  perfect,  but  it  is  a  wonderful  study 
to  watch  the  series  of  perfectly  beautiful  and 
harmonious  effects  which  follow  each  other  month 
by  month,  or  indeed  week  by  week,  as  the  year 
moves  onward,  and  which  are  achieved  the  while 
by  widely  varying  combinations  of  colour  and 
strengths  of  light.  With  the  advent  of  the 
brilliant  May  sunshine  there  is  a  great  and  quick 
change  of  scene  ;  sometimes  in  the  space  of  but 
a  week  or  so  the  earth  is  decked  in  tlie  exquisitely 
fresh  and  tender  greens  of  young  foliage  on  the 
trees,  and  new  grass  in  the  meadows,  and  now 
we  get  in  the  May-flowering  and  Darwin  Tulips 
a  sudden  outburst  of  some  of  the  most  vivid  and 
magnificent  colouring  we  see  throughout  the  year, 
the  varnished  gloss  of  the  flowers  greatly  adding 
to  the  brilliance  of  their  effect.  Seen  in  the  full 
sunshine  of  a  hot  May  morning  they  present  an 
opulent  riot  of  splendour  that  has  in  it  something 
of  ecstatic  and  youthful  abandon,  and  is.  withal, 
just  the  right  complement  of  the  flood  of  vivid 
and  shimmering  fresh  greenery  that  prevails  on 
every  hand.  In  late  June,  and  July  in  the  dog 
days,  our  beautiful  Delphiniums  give  us  most 
appropriately  a  lavish  display  of  the  coldest  of 
all  colours  ;  their  lordly  spikes  of  infinitely  varied 
and  brilliant  blues  are  then  most  welcome  to  the 
eye,  and  the  chief  glory  of  the  garden.  The 
perhaps,  more  sumptuous  and  florid  raiment  of 
many  summer  flowers  harmonises  well  with  the 
heavy  fuUy  developed  foliage  of  trees  and  the 
rich  greens  of  growing  crops  over  the  countryside. 
In  the  autunm,  when  the  gleaming  pale  ochre- 
gold  of  the  har\'est  fields  is  a  dominant  note  in 
the  landscape,  purple,  a  colour  very  little  in 
evidence  at  other  times  of  the  year,  comes  into 
prominence.  Regal  tapestries  of  Clematis  Jack- 
mani  and  flaming  Ampelopsis  foliage  drape  our 
walls,  tawny  Chrysanthemums  and  bees  of  soft 
purple  gold-hearted  .A.ster  sinensis  bask  in  the 
mellow  light,  and  drifts  of  various  Michaelmas 
Daisies  give,  clouds  of  misty  lavender  and  lilac 
in  our  borders,  their  bronzy  stems  and  foliage 
making  an  admirable  foil ;  while  trees  arrayed 
in  glowing  autumn  oranges,  moss-greens  tans 
and  yellows,  with  the  vivid  green  of  meadow 
aftergrass  showing  through  their  stems  and  a 
vista  of  cornfields,  with  Heather-clad  hills  looking 
like  amethysts  in  the  distant  horizon,  provide 
a  background  and  complete  a  picture  whose  rich 
harmonies  are  entirely  satisfying ;  yet  how 
remotely  different  in  effect  from  tlie  celestial 
and  unearthly  loveliness  of  a  host  of  pale  and 
white  Daffodils  in  the  soft  twilight  of  a  balmy 
evening  in  "  dear  April  young." — Gvv  L.  Wilson. 


FLOATING    FLOWERS  IN   BOWLS 

In    Favour    of    a    Criticised    Method    oj 
Arrangement 


I  HOPE  a  reader  of  The  Garden  may  be 
permitted  a  few  lines  in  deprecation  of  the 
somewhat  harsh  censure  lately  passed  by 
two  contributors  on  a  certain  use  to  which 
growers  of  flowers  sometimes  put  the  flowers 
they  grow.  There  are  those,  it  appears,  who. 
among  other  ways  of  arranging  flowers,  like  to 
float  certain  blossoms  in  shallow  bowls,  believing 
that  in  this  way  they  get  desirable  effects  not 
obtainable  when  the  same  flowers  are  arranged 
in  vases.  Those  who  do  this  have  been  called 
"  Bolshevist  "  and  "  infantile,"  and  by  implication 
are  held  to  be  toadying  to  fashion  and  outraging 
Nature.  These  are  surely  hard  things  to  say 
even  about  a  serious  heresy  in  the  arrangement  of 
flowers.  The  floating  of  flowers,  it  is  true,  is  not 
absolute'y  forbidden  by  these  purists  provided 
the  flowers  are   such   things  as  miniature  Water 


given  no  direct  sanction  to  severing  Roses  from 
the  bush  on  which  she  grows  them  or  to  placing 
them  in  glasses  of  water  in  order  that  we  may 
watch  the  play  of  the  air-bubbles  on  the  thorns, 
though  it  may  be  contended  that  indirectly  she 
has  given  her  sanction,  since  she  provides  us 
with  the  faculty  for  perceiving  the  beauty  of  such 
things,  just  as  she  has  given  to  others  (though 
improperly,  on  her  part,  as  it  would  appear)  the 
faculty  for  perceiving  the  beauty  of  certain  flowers 
floating  in  water.  If  "  H.  C.  P.  "  may,  without 
offence,  find  delight  in  stems  and  thorns  and  clear 
glass  and  bubbles,  as  she  surely  may,  why 
may  not  others,  without  offending  artistic  sensi- 
bilities like  "  H.  C.  P.'s,"  find  similar  and  equal 
pleasure  in  the  cups  of  certain  flowers  when  they 
float  gracefully  in  water  ?  "  Sweet  Peas  be- 
headed,    what     are     they  ? "     asks    "  H.    C,    P." 


HOWEVER    HERETICAL    11     .M.\Y    BE,    FLOATING    DAHLIAS    ARE    PLEASING    TO    MANY, 


Lilies,  grown,  to  ensure  absolute  correctness, 
in  pottery  from  the  country  of  their  origin — a 
charming  suggestion  which  we  would  all.  no  doubt, 
gladly  fall  in  with  if  we  had  the  Lilies  and  the 
pottery,  provided  also  that  the  receptacle  and 
flower  suited  each  other,  which,  coming  from  the 
same  soil  and  climate,  it  is  presumed  they  would. 
.\nother  critic  thinks  that  no  flowers  should  be 
seen  "  afloat "  except  Water  Lilies,  and  the 
"  Forget-me-nots  that  grow  for  happy  lovers  " 
No  one,  of  course,  will  deny  that  Lilies  and  Forget- 
me-nots  look  at  home  in  water,  which  in  this 
matter  is  the  final  test  of  fitness,  though  it  seems 
a  little  unreasonable  on  the  part  of  this  critic 
to  exclude  a  score  of  other  pretty  weeds  that  grow 
in  British  pools,  "  There  is  a  modicum  of  beauty." 
says  "  H.  C.  P.,"  "  in  seeing  the  stems  of  the 
flowers  in  clear  glass  and  sparkling  water,  the  little 
air-bubbles  settling  in  the  water  making  tlie  picture 
complete  and  true  to  Nature."  Stems  and  crimson 
thorns  seen  in  clear  glass  and  sparkling  water 
are  certainly  pretty  things;  but  may  one  remind 
"  H.  C.  P."  that  such  an  arrangement,  lovely 
though  it  may  be,  is  no  more  "  true  to  Nature  " 
than  a  similarly  artificial  arrangement  of  flowers 
floating  in  a  bowl  and  jewelled  with  drops  of  the 
material    that    forms    her    bubbles.     Nature    has 


What,  indeed  !  But  is  not  "  H.  C.  P."  taking 
^m  absurdly  extreme  case,  for  even  a  \  Bol- 
shevist might  hesitate  to  float  Sweet  Peas. 
The  flower-floating  brotherhood  may  lack  the 
artistic  sensibility  claimed  by  their  critics,  but 
quite  a  number  of  them  possess  a  little  common- 
sense  and  a  more  or  less  sane  judgment,  which 
they  bring  to  bear  in  choosing  flowers  for  their 
special  purpose.  In  the  Sweet  Pea  "  H,  C.  P," 
selects  one  of  the  least  suitable  flowers  for  floating, 
which  on  her  part  is  being  not  quite  so  fair  as  no 
doubt  she  would  like  to  be.  As  "H.  C.  P."  observes, 
the  Sweet  Pea  is  built  for  flying,  not  for  floating — 
its  affinity  is  with  the  butterfly,  not  with  the  swan. 
TIaose  who  would  "  float "  to  advantage  must 
select  suitable  flowers  (the  range  of  which  extends 
far  beyond  Water  Lilies  and  Forget-me-nots) — 
flowers  built  for  floating,  preferably  of  a  cup  or 
platter  shape,  not  "  butterfly "  blooms  like  the 
Sweet  Pea,  which,  though  it  has  a  keel,  is  not  built 
on  floating  lines.  The  flower  selected  must  in 
its  build  resemble  a  vessel  of  some  kind — ship, 
boat,  canoe,  shallop,  basin,  walnut  shell  or  what 
not — something  with,  a  decided  convex  and  concave, 
with  the  curvature  of  a  hull  in  short,  a  blossom 
whicli,  when  launched,  will  move  on  the  water 
with  a  buovant  rocking  motion,  and  when  at  rest 


124 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  12,  1921. 


will  turn  up  its  tasselled  interior  with  a  docility 
it  is  not  so  apt  to  show  in  a  specimen  vase.     In 
all  flowers  a  large  part  of  the  beauty — in  many 
flowers  the  chief  part — lies  in  the  mechanism  of 
the  interior  ;    and  this  is  almost  invariably  more 
or   less   concealed    wlien    the    flower    is    arranged 
in    a    vase,    however    graceful    the    arrangement 
may  otherwise  be.     The  beauty  of  a  Water  Lily 
is  due  largely  to  its  rich  display  of  stamens  which, 
in   the   expanded   flower,    are   seen   to   advcintage 
because   of   its  horizontal   position   in   the   water. 
But  lovely  as  we  know  the  heart  of  an  expanded 
Lily  to  be,   I   cannot  think  for  my  part  that  in 
combined   beauty    and   interest    it    surpasses    the 
heart  of  the  vulgar  Poppy.     Arranged  in  any  way 
you  choose  a  Poppy  is  beautiful.     But  if  you  wish 
to  see,    at  your  ease  and   to  full  advantage,   the 
interior  of  the  flower,  where  the  finish  has  been 
given  to  its  beauty,  float  it.     Set  the  perfect  bloom 
of  a  Shirley  Poppy  afloat  and  then  say  whether 
by  any  other  arrangement  you  can  so  fully  realise 
the  beauty  and  wonder  of  all  its  parts. 
|;    Some  time  ago  a  writer  in  The  Garden,  whose 
name  I  cannot  recall    mentioned  Dahlias  as  suit- 
able   flowers    for    floating,     a    suggestion    which 
provoked  withering  comments  from  a  subsequent 
contributor.     Of    course    there    are    Dahlias    and 
Dahlias.     The   quiUed   pincushions   which    florists 
used  to  exliibit  as  Dahlias  (and  of  which  I  have  a 
pleasant  memory)  would  not  be  seen  to  advantage 
afloat.     But  of  late  years  other  types  have  come 
into  being,  some  of  which  I  venture  to  say,  however 
audaciously  wrong  it  may  be  to  say  it,  not  only 
look  lovely  floating  in  water,  but  are  not  seen  to 
such    advantage    under    any   other   conditions    of 
anangement.     A    good    bloom,     the    larger     the 
better,    of   one   of   those    expansive,    floppy,    but 
magnificent    Dahlias    which    the    trade    lists    call 
"  P<-eony-flowered, "    say   Aphrodite,    placed,    with 
one  of  its  own  five-fingered  leaves,  on  the  broad 
of   its  back   in   a   black   basalt   Wedgwood   bowl 
filled    with   water    to   the   brim,    is   an    ornament 
for  tlie  table  of  an  emperor.     If  you  attempt  to 
arrange  this  fine  flower  in  a  vase,  I  hope  you  may 
succeed   to  your  complete  satisfaction,   but   I   do 
not  think  you  will.     The  advocate  of  the  Dahlia 
as  a  "  floater,"   who  seemed   to  know  the   possi- 
bilities of  the  flower  better  than  his  critic,  recom- 
mended, if  I   remember  rightly,     Messrs,    Cheal's 
new  "  Star  "  Dahlias  as  good  subjects  for  floating  ; 
saying,  by  way  of  commendation,  that  the  flowers 
so  used  suggested  the  grace  and  poise  of  the  Water 
Lily,   as  they  certainly  do.     No  one  could  fairly 
suppose    that    in    making     this     suggestion     the 
writer    proposed    to     mimic  the    Water    Lily    or 
indulge    in     any     form     of    make-believe.       He 
merely  took  the  Water  Lily  as    a  well  known  type 
and  standard  of  grace  and  poise,    and   suggested 
that   a  similar  charming  effect   might  be  got  by 
using  "  Star  "  Dahlias.     Surely  there  is  no  justifi- 
cation    here     for     poodle-lionesque     comparisons 
Anyhow,    without    wishing    to    say    anything    in 
depreciation   of  Water   Lilies,    except   that     they 
require  a  pond  to  grow  in,  I  take  my  courage  in 
my  two  hands  and  maintain  that  certain  Dahlias 
are   lovely   objects    seen    floating   in    water,    and 
further   that   Nature,    when  she   inspired   Messrs. 
Cheal  and  Co,   to  create  their  charming  race  of 
"  Star  "  Dahlias  and  made  the  flowers  to  rival  in 
shape   and  colour  the  most  splendid  Nympha;as, 
took  for  granted  that  we  mortals,  foolish  as  she 
knows  us  to  be,  would  yet  have  sense  enough  to 
understand   that   when   she   gives   us   a  beautiful 
flower  she  intends  us  to  enjoy  its  beauty  in  all  the 
ways  in  which  its  beauty  is  enjoyable.     The  smug 
conviction  of  our  own  superiority  in  the  matter 
of  taste  is,   I   fear,   an   unamiable  and  antisocial, 
if  not  un-Christian,   frame  of  mind   to  which  we 
are  all— if  I  may  judge  of  humanity  at  large  by 
the  small  portion  of  it  best  known   to  myself— 


too  prone.  For  my  part,  I  hope  I  have  sciiooled 
myself  to  forgive  others  their  tastes  as  I  wish  mine 
to  be  forgiven,  though  I  am  not  so  sure  about  it 
as  I  should  like  to  be.  But  I  do  try — I  do  seriously 
and  religiously  try.  I  try  to  suffer  even  florists 
gladly.  SoMERS. 


The  note  of  "  H.  C.  P."  in  your  issue  of  February  26 
appears  to  condemn  a  very  easy,  beautiful  and 
justly  popular  fashion.  Recently  I  saw  a  fine 
crystal  bowl  16  inches  across  containing  Lenten 
Hellebores  (dark  and  light),  a  few  heads  of  Pulmo- 
naria,  and  a  bunch  of  Violets  resting  on  the  edge 
of  the  bowl.  A  most  attractive  centre  on  a 
luncheon  table.  Decorative  Dahlia  Delice  and 
many  others  are  delightful  on  water,   and  so  are 


many  of  the  semi-double  Roses.  I  have  not  tried 
Sweet  Peas,  but  by  using  almost  any  lavender 
shade  one  could  successfully  imitate  the  nautilus 
of  warm  seas.  "  H.  C.  P."  finds  pleasure  in 
seeing  what  many  of  us  endeavour  to  conceal, 
viz.,  the  stems  of  flowers  in  glass  vases  !  The 
world  is  wide,  and  all  these  matters  are  really 
very  personal,  fortunately.  Even  at  London 
shows  one  has  frequently  stood  awe-struck  and 
unhappy  before  some  so-called  "  decorative " 
work.  To  those  readers  who  want  more  receptacles 
for  flowers,  or  who  are  dissatisfied  with  those  they 
have,  I  suggest  the  dark  brown  Silchester  ware, 
made  in  many  splendid  shapes  and  very  becoming 
to  flowers.  Before  the  war  this  ware  could  be 
obtained  from  John  Hall's  Old  Hall  China  Shop, 
Salisbury.  West  Country. 


OUR    IDEAL    DELPHINIUMS 

A  Professional  Defence  of  Modern  Tendencies 


WE  read  the  remarks  of  your 
correspondent  under  the  heading 
of  "  My  Ideal  Delphinium."  in 
your  issue  of  February  26,  with 
much  interest  and  we  hasten  to 
assure  him  that  there  is  nothing  wrong  with  the 
ideal  at  which  we  are  aiming  (we  assume  that  we 


MILICENT     BLACKMORE. 
A    new  Delphinium  defended  by  its  raisers. 

are   among   those   referred   to,    as   several   of   the 
varieties  named  are  of  our  raising). 

We  have  for  many  years  been  working  to  obtain 
Delphiniums  pure  blue  in  colour,  though  not  to 
the  exclusion  of  our  efforts  in  other  directions, 
and  if  the  writer  of  the  article  had  called  at 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery  last  summer  he  might  have 
seen  a  trial  patch  of  about  a  thousand  plants, 
whicli  would  have  convinced  him  that  we  were 
making  great  efforts  in  this  direction  and  that  we 
had  achieved  something,  as  there  were  many 
varieties  pure  blue  in  colour,  although  varying 
greatly  in  shade. 


We  also  keep  in  mind  the  fact  that  the  best 
form  of  spike  is  one,  broad  at  the  base  and  tapering 
to  the  top  and  with  flowers  not  too  closely  packed. 
The  variety  which  conforms  nearest  to  this  ideal 
is  our  novelty,  Millicent  Blackmore.  It  is,  alas, 
one  thing  to  have  an  ideal  and  another  to  attain 
it.  Those  who  are  working  at  the  improvement 
of  any  race  of  plants  know  to  their  cost  that  though 
tiiey  have  an  ideal,  it  is  often  many  many  years 
before  they  reach  it,  if  they  ever  do.  They  must 
be  content  with  small  advances  year  by  year. 

It  might  be  interesting  to  your  correspondent 
and  other  readers  if  we  enumerate  a  few  varieties 
in  our  catalogue,  of  different  shades  of  blue,  and 
which,  though  not  reaching  our  ideals  of  what 
Delphiniums  should  be,  are  really  blue,  some  of 
them  carrying  spikes  of  the  desired  tapering  habit. 
Colonel  Douglas,  Colonel  Sir  Wyndham  Murray, 
Harry  Smetham,  Lady  Hammick,  Lord  Lansdowne 
(a  magnificent  pure  rich  blue,  of  splendid  growth 
and  strong  constitution).  Queen  of  Bath  and  Yvette 
Guilbert.  There  are  others  which  have  so  slight 
a  shade  of  rose  that  it  is  unnoticeable  a  short 
distance  away,  notably  Robert  Cox  and  Turquoise. 

We  have  said  enough  to  show  that  we  already 
have  some  good  blues  and  that  we  are  striving 
hard  to  get  better,  but  why  should  we  confine 
ourselves  to  one  colour  in  any  flower  if  it  is  possible 
to  get  others  ?  What  would  be  thought  of  the 
person  who  advocated  growing  red  Roses  to  the 
exclusion  of  all  other  colours  ?  Now,  seeing  it  is 
possible  to  get  shades  of  mauve,  violet,  lavender, 
heliotrope  and  rose  in  Delphiniums  and  seeing 
also  that  there  are  hosts  of  people  whose  tastes  are 
"  perverted"  enough  to  admire  these  colours,  why 
should  we  not  strive  also  to  obtain  them  in  self 
colours  and  in  the  subtle  and  exquisite  blendings 
which  we  now  have,  and  which  opens  out  such  a 
wide  vista  of  possibilities  for  the  future  ?  We 
shall  welcome  the  pink  Delphmium  when  it 
arrives,  as  well  as  good  flowers  in  any  of  the  colours 
mentioned  above  and  are  confident  that  there  will 
be  plenty  of  flower  lovers  who  will  welcome  them 
also. 

With  reference  to  prices  for  novelties.  It  is 
absolutely  imperative  that  if  new  varieties  are  to 
be  raised,  the  raiser  should  be  repaid  for  his  trouble, 
and  when  the  stock  of  a  variety  is  small,  as  it  ■ 
must  be  of  necessity  when  first  introduced,  the 
price  must  be  comparatively  high,  especially  is 
that  the  case  now,  when  the  cost  of  production  is 
so  high.  It  is  a  fine  thing  to  have  a  tradition  for 
generosity,  but  something  more  than  that  is  needed 
to  meet  the  weekly  wage  bill  a  nurseryman  has  to 
face.  Biackmore  and  Lancdon. 


March  12,  1921.]  THE     GARDEN.  125 

DELPHINIUMS:    How  anj  Where  to  Plant  f, 

Happy  Grouping 


or 


No  hardy  herbaceous  plant  flowering 
at  high  sununer-time  is  held  in  higher 
esteem  than  the  Delphinium,  none 
capable  of  richer  effect  than  it  when, 
rightly  regarded,  it  has  been  given  an 
opportunity  of  playing  its  part.  This  it  may 
achieve  in  various  ways — in  isolated  groups, 
the  ordinary  herbaceous  border,  or  even  in  associa- 
tion with  shrubs.  Afforded  flanking  positions 
to  Azalea  or  Rhododendron  on  rising  ground, 
set  belt-fashion  in  any  position  where  agreeable 
foil  exists,  made  to  rise  in  succession  to  Pffiony 
or  Pyrethrum  informally  grouped,  or  springing 
from  and  in  its  flowering  synchronising  with 
waving  sheaves  of  Moon  Daisy  or  like  plant, 
what  is  there,  I  ask,  among  the  flowering 
plants  of  the  year  more  worthy  of  con- 
sidered care,  more  sumptuous  or  lumin- 
ous— if  all  too  rare — than  the  choicest 
blues  these  Delphiniums  afford  ?  None, 
surely  !  Great  in  the  true  sense,  they 
impel  admiration  because  of  stature, 
spire-like  elegance  and  a  contribution 
to  garden  picture  or  landscape  which 
is  theirs  alone.  The  spacious  crescent- 
formed  border  on  gently  rising  ground 
is  ideal  for  them,  and  whether  ap- 
proached from  the  higher  or  lower 
level  at  flowering- time,  the  effect  of  a 
well  assorted  selection  just  baffles  de- 
scription. A  year  or  two  since  I  was 
suddenly  confronted  in  a  Surrey  garden 
by  a  generous  association  of  Phloxes 
and  these  plants,  obviously  arranged  for 
successional  flowering.  It  did  not 
appeal,  however,  though  in  the  main 
its  object  was  attained.  As  to  how  to 
plant  them  for  effect,  there  is  but  one 
way,  viz. : 

Grouping  or  Colonising,  and  that  on 
as  generous  a  scale  as  circumstances 
admit.  Most  important,  however,  in 
this  connection  is  colour  selection,  the 
Gentian  blues  here,  the  sky  blues 
elsewhere,  always  confining  a  group  to 
a  separate  shade  or  variety.  In  the 
case  of  the  Anchusa,  where  the  varieties 
Opal. and  Dropmore  are  planted  in  close 
proximity,  that  last  named  dominat- 
ing has  a  belittling  effect  upon  the 
other.  Alone  each  is  capable  of  brilliant  results. 
So  it  is  with  the  Delphinium,  each  colour 
should  be  alone.  Thus  arranged  each  is  capable 
of  standing  on  its  own  feet,  while  colour 
clashings  and  incongruities  will  be  avoided. 
Then,  if  one  might  intrude  in  a  personal 
sense,  it  would  be  to  say  that  the  true  blues 
—  rich  Gentian  or  sky  —  having  white  eyes  or 
centres  appeal  to  me  in  a  stronger  way  and 
more  immediately  than  the  mixed  violet  or  purplish 
shades  having  dark  bee-formed  centres.  Excellent 
by  way  of  contrast  and  indescribably  beautiful 
near  by,  those  first  named  are  immeasurably 
superior  in  the  picture  and,  because  of  the  double 
part  they  play,  worthier  of  fuller  consideration. 
The  more  graceful  their  carriage,  spire-like  their 
ilorm,  with  easily  disposed  flowers,  the  nearer  is 
perfection,  the  more  generous  their  decorative 
aspect.  Those  having  densely  symmetrical  or 
columnar  spikes  cannot  hold  the  proverbial 
candle  to  these  in  these  respects  :  the  colossal  and 
obese,  as  Sir  Douglas  Haig,  for  example,  fit  only 
for  the  ranks  of  the  undesirables.     The   varieties 


that  tell  are  such  as  Lizzie  Van  Veen,  Queen  Mary, 
Persimmon,  conspicua,  Mrs.  J.  S.  Brunton, 
Lamartin,  Willie  O'Brien  and  others  of  that  type, 
and  of  such  our  gardens  can  never  be  too  full. 

As  the  moment  is  opportune  for  planting,  a 
word  or  two  in  concluding  might  be  added  on  this 
head.  In  light  and  well  drained  soils  the  Del- 
phinium transplants  well  either  in  early  autumn 
or  in  spring.  For  heavier  soils,  however,  I  prefer 
deferring  their  planting  till  March.  Then  with 
renewed  growth  new  root  activities  follow  and 
the  plant  soon  takes  to  its  new  quarters.  Every 
effort  should,  however,  be  made  to  improve  heavy 
soils  by  trenching,  liming,  the  addition  of  grit, 
leaf-mould,  burnt  clay — most  valuable — anything. 


latter  only.  Finally,  in  planting,  keep  the  crowns 
2  inches  or  3  inches  below  the  surface.  It  ensures 
the  stability  of  the  plant  and  encourages  rooting. 
Plants  of  the  description  named  may  be  arranged 
2  feet  apart  each  way.  E.   H.   Jenkins 


If  the  Delphinium  is  to  retain  its  title  as  queen 
of  the  hardy  border  flowers — and  so  far  it  is 
unrivalled  —  we  must  have  strong  growing 
plants.  However  good  the  colour  may  be, 
a  dwarfed  inflorescence  is  of  little  use  for 
garden  effect ;  the  tallest  spires  being  the  best  for 
the  border.  Delphiniums  can  be  made  to  bloom 
for  months  by  cutting  off  the  spikes  after  flowering. 
When   the  centre  spike  is  cut   away,  side  shoots 


DELPHINIUMS, 


FROM     PALEST     BLUE     TO     DEEPEST     SHADES     OF 
THE     MIXED     BORDER. 


INDIGO,     GIVE     DIGNITY     TO 


indeed,  calculated  to  assist  drainage  and  ensure 
porosity.  To  this  end  light  litter  or  long  strawy 
manure  is  useful.  The  lighter  and  sandier  soils 
will  be  better  treated  with  cow  manure  because  of 
its  cool  nature.  In  general  terms  the  Delphinium 
enjoys  a  rich  as  well  as  a  deep  soil,  and  with  the 
manure  worked  well  down  the  roots  will  be  attracted 
to  the  richer  soil  in  due  course.  As  to  the  size 
of  the  plants,  no  planter  of  experience  would 
crave  for  clumps,  and  of  novelties  he  is  not  likely 
to  get  them.  A  safer  way,  too,  even  where  clumps 
obtain,  is  to  break  them  up,  twt  plant  Ihem  intact. 
A  goodly  clump  intelligently  divided  would  form 
the  nucleus  to  a  decent  group,  and  as  crown  buds 
in  the  Delphinium  form  readily  and  freely, 
periodical  division  is  desirable  in  order  to  ensure 
a  continuance  of  the  finest  spikes,  though  in  certain 
soils  they  may  for  years  acquit  themselves  well 
without  it.  A  fair  planting  piece  is  that  having 
two  or  three  sturdy  shoots  and  well  rooted  to 
boot.  A  more  satisfying  plant  is  that  divided  a 
year  ago  and  given  nursery  treatment  since. 
In    large    measure    the    specialists    supply    these 


send  up  a  succession  of  flowers.  It  should  not  be 
forgotten,  how-ever,  that  continuous  flowering 
tends  to  exhaust  the  plants,  and  a  top-dressing  of 
rich  soil  and  manure  should  be  applied.  The 
clumps  should  be  replanted  and  divided  every  three 
or  four  years.  This  is  best  done  in  spring  just  as 
the  plants  are  starting  into  growth,  though  it  may 
be  carried  out  successfully  in  late  summer,  but  not 
in  late  autumn  The  plants  should  be  cut  down 
about  ten  days  beforehand  They  start  growth 
afresh,  and  are  then  ready  to  divide  and  replant. 
Do  not  omit  to  water  overhead  and  shade  after 
replanting  in  late  summer. 

Every  hardy  plant  catalogue  contains  a  lengthy 
list  of  varieties.  Perfection,  pale  blue  and  helio- 
trope, as  the  illustration  denotes,  is  very  well 
named.  In  the  background  can  be  seen  another 
distinct  variety,  Rev.  E.  Lascelles,  purple  blue, 
with  prominent  white  centre.  Duke  of  Connaught, 
King  of  Delphiniums,  Carmen,  I.amartine,  Moer- 
heimi  (white),  Persimmon  (sky  blue).  The  .\lake 
(royal  blue)  and  the  exquisite  BelLidonna  (Cam- 
bridge blue)  are  all  grand  border  varieties.    H.   C. 


126 


THE     GARDEN. 


Border    Plants    that     Succeed    Best 


By    GERTRUDE    JEKYLL,    V.M.H. 


On     Light    Soils 

ANY  of  tlie  best  border  plants  will 
do  equally  well  in  soils  of  a  light  or 
a  heavy  character,  but  it  may  be 
helpful  to  point  out  a  certain  number 
of  those  that  are  distinctly  preferable 
for  one  or  the  other.  It  may  be  taken  as  a 
rough  rule  that  plants  or  shrubs  from 
Southern  Europe,  the  Mediterranean  region ,  and 
the  nearer  Orient,    such   as  Lavender,  Rosemary. 


M 


poor  soil  is  a  continual  struggle,  and  though  rich 
feeding  may  give  enough  strength  for  the 
production  of  a  fairly  good  flower-spike  the 
handsome  pyramid  of  healtliy  foliage  down  to 
the  ground  cannot  be  expected  ;  the  leaves  are 
pinched  and  slirivelled  with  the  disease,  and  the 
naked  spike  has  to  be  concealed  by  a  planting  of 
something  fairly  tall  in  front. 

For  general  convenience  it  is  usual  to  group 
together  as  heavy  soils  those  that  are  loamy  and 
calcareous.     But    it    mav    be    well    to    remember 


[March  12,  192 1. 

long  and  tedious  one,  or  that  they  never  had  much 
luck  with  perennials  from  seed.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  in  these  daj's  when  quickness  looms  largely  in 
the  ascendancy  not  a  few  are  unwilling  to  exercise 
patience  and  to  wait  a  little  for  plants  to  grow. 
With  them  there  must  be  no  season  without 
flowers,  and  annuals  are  quite  long  enough  on 
their  journey  until  the  blooms  appear.  It  is  not 
easy  to  disabuse  the  minds  of  those  who  talk  and 
think  in  this  way,  but  it  is  only  part  of  the  truth 
to  place  all  perennials  in  the  same  category  and 
regard  them  as  being  a  long  time  on  hand  until  they 
reach  their  beauty  stage. 

Exceptions.' — It  is  a  fallacy  to  believe  that 
because  clumps  of  perennials  in  the  border  have 
been  obtained  by  dividing  the  roots  that  the  small 


10  3C  l^O  SC  60 

AN     ATTRACTIVE     ARRANGEMENT    FOR     A     BORDER     OF     PERENNIALS     ON     LIGHT     SOIL. 


7° 


Phlomis  and  Santolina,  will  be  thankful  for  tl.e 
warmth  of  oiu:  lighter  soils,  even  though  their 
actual  habitat  may  be  on  loam  or  limestone. 
This  will  include  all  the  Cistus  tribe,  embracing 
the  Helianthemuras,  the  greater  number  of  the 
Artemisias,  the  Euphorbias  and  the  Eryngiums. 

It  may  be  taken  as  a  compensation  for  the 
natural  poverty  of  the  lighter  soils  that  this  quality 
tends  to  check  over-exuberance  of  growth  and 
encourages  both  profusion  and  good  colour  of 
bloom.  In  fact,  if  it  is  reasonably  enriched,  a 
naturally  light  soil  is  the  pleasantest  for  general 
gardening,  for  it  can  be  worked  in  all  kinds  of 
weathers  except  the  heaviest  wet ;  it  is  not  soapy 
or  sticky  in  the  winter  months  or  like  a  hard  brick 
full  of  cracks  in  the  dry  days  of  sunmier  ;   moreover. 


that  there  are  whole  families  of  plants  that  have 
a  special  need  of  lime.  These  include  the  Crucifera' 
in  general — Wallflowers,  Stocks,  Rockets,  Iberis, 
Arabis,  Aubrietia  and  ^thionenia ;  also  other 
families,  such  as  all  the  Dianthus,  and  the  greater 
number  of  the  Anemones,  Clematis  and  Cam- 
panulas. Phloxes  of  the  decussata  class  are  apt 
to  be  unhappy  on  light  soils,  but  revel  in  a  rich 
loam.  It  is  edmost  impossible  to  grow  the  pretty 
double  Prinu-oses  in  their  charming  colourings  of 
white,  yellow,  lilac  and  crimson  on  a  light  soil, 
even  though  constantly  enriched.  Nearly  all  the 
Roses  are  loam  lovers,  as  we  know  well  by  experi- 
ence with  their  near  relatives  the  fruit  trees, 
almost  the  only  exceptions  being  Raspberries, 
tlie  native  form  of  which  runs  riot  in  s.indy  copses, 


seedlings  will  be  two  or  three  years  before  they 
make  sufficient  size  to  be  planted  out  in  their 
flowering  quarters.  It  is  not  so,  as  there  are 
certain  very  popular  perennials  which  can  be 
propagated  from  seed  one  year,  and  will  with 
certainty  bloom  the  following,  if  not  in  the  same 
season  of  sowing.  Two  or  thrro  examples  will 
demonstrate  what  I  mean,  they  are  taken  from  my 
own  garden.  Geums,  sown  under  glass  in  March, 
pricked  out  in  a  bed  to  themselves  in  May,  given 
good  soil  and  plenty  of  room  to  obviate  any  further 
necessity  for  disturbing  them,  made  splendid 
plants,  from  which  in  October  I  cut  a  number  of 
nice  flowering  spikes.  Pyrethrums,  sown  in  boxes 
in  a  cold  frame  in  May,  have,  thanks  to  the 
abundance   of   moisture   last   summer,   also   made 


c  T-ui 


AN     ALTERNATIVE     SUGGESTION     FOR     HEAVY     SOIL. 


it  is  decidedly  favourable  for  the  greater  number 
of  bulbous  plants.  The  plan  gives  a  section  of 
a  flower  border  showing  plants,  the  greater  number 
of  which  are  specially  desirable  for  light  soils. 
The  white  Everlasting  Pea  notched  into  the  back 
of  the  Fchinops  is  meant  to  be  trained  over  and 
among  the  branches  of  tlie  Globe  Thistle  as  this 
goes  out  of  flower. 


On    Heavy    Soils 

Though  the  best  border  plants  are,'  as  to  their 
greater  number,  amenable  to  treatment  on  any 
soil  that  is  well  cultivated  and  fairly  enriched, 
there  ,are  some  that  are  so  closely  addicted  to 
their  own  special  requirements  that  they  must 
have  what  they  want  or  they  "  will  not  play." 
Of  important  border  plants  the  first  that  come  to 
mind  are  the  Hollyhocks.  It  may  safely  be  said 
that  on  poor  soils  it  is  impossible  to  grow  Holly- 
hocks without  their  being  attacked  and  weakened 
by  the  fungoid  disease  Puccinia  malvacea,  while 
in  a  soil  that  is  rich  in  loam  or  lime  the  pest  is 
either  absent  or  so  little  prevalent  that  it  need 
not    be    considered.     Growing    Hollyhocks    on    a 


while   the  cultivated   kinds  bear   heavy  crops 
the  light-soiled  fruit  garden. 


PERENNIALS   FROM 
SEED 

Some  Misconceptions 

THE  culture  of  hardy  perennials  has  never 
been  more  popular  than  it  is  to-day, 
as  scarcely  a  garden  of  any  size  is  without 
them,  yet,  strange  to  say,  not  a  little 
misconception  exists  in  the  minds  of 
some  people  as  to  the  methods  to  be  employed 
in  order  to  gain  fresh  stock.  Two  avenues  only 
appear  to  be  open  to  most  folk — one  is  the  purchase, 
or  procuring  what  is  wanted,  or  to  wait  until 
plants  are  large  enough  for  the  roots  to  be  divided. 
Suggest  to  those  who  have  always. confined  them- 
selves to  these  methods  that  there  is  still  another 
procedure  available,  viz.,  that  of  sowing  seed  and 
raising  as  many  plants  as  desired,  and  they 
invariably  tell  you  either  that  the  process  is  a  very 


excellent  progress,  so  that  almost  within  a  year 
I  shall  have  plants  full  of  bloom.  Gaillardias. 
brought  up  likewise  in  a  cold  frame  and  seed  sown 
in  April,  1920,  were  nearly  all  showing  for  bloom 
by  September  and  had  to  have  the  buds  pinched 
out  in  order  that  the  growth  of  the  plants  should 
take  precedence.  Gypsophila  paniculata,  which 
is  not  an  easy  subject  to  divide  because  of  its  long 
taproots,  is  alw'ays  better  raised  from  seed.  In  this 
case  growth  has  been  rather  longer,  as  it  was  not 
until  .August  that  the  panicles  appeared  as  a  result 
of  seed  sown  in  May  the  previous  year.  Instances 
can  be  multiplied  and  show  that  there  is  not  really- 
such  a  long  wait  after  all  between  the  time  of 
seed  sowing   and  blooming   of  many  perennials. 

Common  Mistakes. — Where  so  many  err  in 
regard  to  sowing  seeds  of  perennials  is  in  the 
initial  stage.  They  commence  operations  generally 
on  borders  where  other  things  are  grown,  tall 
subjects  among  the  rest,  which  exclude  a  deal 
of  air  and  sun  and  often  light,  which  are  so  vital 
and  mean  so  much  to  the  progress  of  little  plants. 
Not  infrequently,  because  it  is  known  that  they 
cannot  be  expected  to  flower  in  the  current  year, 
interest  is  not  quite  so  keen  in  them,  and  weeds 


March  12,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


127 


are  allowed  to  remain  and  impuile  growth.  If  no 
other  course  is  available  than  that  aftorded  by  a 
border,  then  it  should  be  one  open  to  sun  and  air. 
That  is  the  reason  why,  in  general  practice,  I 
favour  sowing  seed  in  boxes,  starting  in  a  green- 
house, or,  better  still,  a  cold  frame  having  a  south 


aspect,  and  getting  the  plants  pricked  out  in  good 
soil  in  which  some  form  of  manure  has  been 
incorporated.  When  this  plan  is  followed  ami 
seed  sown  from  a  reliable  source,  few  disappoint- 
ments occur  ;  indeed,  success  is  the  commonplace 
and  failure  the  surprise.  W.  Linders  Lea. 


PLANT    PERENNIAL    POPPIES 

There  is  Nothing  in  June  to  Compare  to  the  Gorgeous 

Oriental  Poppy 


THOUGH  the  Poppies  are  individually 
very  ephemeral  flowers,  they  afford  us 
such  wonderfully  intense  glowing  colour 
masses  in  the  garden  and  hardy  border 
that  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  what  we 
should  do  without  them.  The  delicate  texture 
of  the  petals,  charming  and  distinctive  foliage,  well 
poised  flowers  and  attractive  budhood,  all  combine 
to  make  an  ideal  flower,  a  flower  that  we  admire 
and  love  the  more  perhaps  because  it  is  so  fleeting. 
Speaking  of  their  butUiood  reminds  us  too  of  how 
fascinatmg  it  is  to  watch  the  buds  gradually  push 
out  from  between  the  leaf  axils,  carrying  a  drooping 
case,  green  and  hairy,  that  daily  becomes  fuller 
and  fuller,  until  at  length  it  stands  erect  and  we 
know  that,  early  on  the  morrow,  the  enclosing  case 
will  break  asunder,  detach  itself  from  the  stem  at 
the  base  and  the  thin,  closely  packed  satiny  petals 
slowlv  unfuil  in  the  sunlight. 


A  Poppy  flower  is  never  more  beautiful  than 
when  three-parts  expanded  and  while  the  edge 
still  retains  its  marvellous  crinkling  and  crimping. 
Nor  is  the  beauty  entirely  past  even  after  the 
petals  have  faded,  for  the  clustering  stamens,  with 
their  masses  of  blue-black  pollen  still  hang  and 
the  seed  capsule  looks  most  attractive.  Where 
the  flowers  are  not  cut,  this  capsule  continues  to  be 
an  object  of  interest  all  through  its  development 
and  ripening,  until  the  final  stage  is  attained, 
when  the  roof  rises  and  the  tiny  windows  open  and 
the  winds  of  autumn  sway  the  stems  and  scatter 
the  tiny  seeds  in  all  directions. 

Among  my  own  favourites  are  the  tiny  Alpine 
Poppies,  which  resemble  the  hue  Icelands  both  in 
growth  and  colours,  though  they  are  but  6  inches 
in  height  and  reduced  throughout  in  proportion. 
In  little  informal  drifts  against  granite  rocks  they 
are    ideal,    the    yellow,    white,    orange    and    rose 


flowers  appearing  to  special  advantage  by  contrast 
with  the  grey  blucness  of  the  rock. 

Occasionally  among  the  seedlings  one  comes 
across  a  variety  with  beautifully  fringed  petals  and 
theJe  are  worth  special  attention  for  seed-saving 
purposes.  The  Iceland  varieties  form  one  of  the 
daintiest  of  table  decorations  and,  as  a  broad  belt 
edging  to  a  large  border,  will  remain  flowerful  from 
June  to  October,  during  which  time  they  throw  up 
thousands  of  their  glorious  blossoms.  I  must 
confess  that  I  love  the  pure  gold,  orange  yellows 
and  pure  whites  far  and  away  before  the  newer 
hybrid  forms,  the  colours  of  many  of  which  are 
too  muddy  and  indeterminate  to  be  pleasing. 

The  Splendour  of  Oriental  Poppies. — The 
Oriental  type  is  the  most  forceful  and,  at  times, 
aggressive  flower  in  all  the  June  garden  and  truly 
wonderful  are  the  glorious  flesh  pinks,  crimsons, 
salmons,  scarlets  and  apricots,  all  of  which  have 
a  striking  black  and  purple  blotch  at  the  base  of 
each  petal.  These  Oriental  varieties  need  careful 
placing,  for  while  so  gloriously  brilliant  for  a  short 
time,  the  foliage  soon  becomes  very  shabby  and 
draggled  after  flowering  and  one  must  group  them 
behind  some  quick-growing,  later  flowering  peren- 
nial, that  can  be  tied  out  and  staked  so  as  to  fill 
the  gaping  hole  they  leave  in  the  border,  and  screen 
them  when  they  are  in  the  unsightly  stage. 

A  little  known  form  very  seldom  met  in  gardens 
is  Papaver  rupifragum,  which  flowers  from  Jtme 
till  September.  It  is  a  slender  grower,  rising  to 
2i  feet,  with  unusual  orange  buff  hued  flowers  that, 
associated  with  light  grasses,  make  a  most  attractive 
decoration.  H.  W.  C-\nxixg  Wrigkt. 


THE  FLAMING  GLORY  OF  THE  PERENNIAL  POPPY  IN  RELIEF  AGAINST  THE  SOMBRE  YEW. 


128 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  12,  1921. 


THREE    SAXIFRAGES 

That    Should    be    Grown    in    Every    Rock    Garden 


S.  Boydii. — No  hybrid  at  its  coming  gave 
greater  joy  than  this  yellow-flowered  sort.  None 
demonstrated  more  eloquently  the  potentialities 
of  cross-breeding  in  these  Saxifrages  or  raised  to 


S.  Boydii  alba  (see  illustration).— From  the 
name  given  it  would  appear  that  this  is  a  variation 
of  the  original  Boydii.  As  the  plant,  however, 
has  nothing  in  common  with  it,  whether  in  growth 


^^a#^ 


SAXIFRAGA     BOYDII     ALBA. 


higher  popularity  the  group  as  a  whole.  It  has, 
however,  not  proved  an  easy  plant  to  the  cultivator. 
Having  rock-loving  species  as  its  parents,  it  is  a 
plant  for  the  rocks  in  fissure  or  crevice  where  grit, 
disintegrated  rock  and  a  modicum  of  loam  find 
a  place  and  where  comparative  dr^mess  is  assured. 
Soil  and  soil  damp  it  dislikes  and  is  short  lived  when 
so  circumstanced.  In  pot  or  pan  it  is  surprising 
how  long  it  remains  good  if  grown  in  river 
sand  or  grit.  It  gained  a  first  class  certificate 
thirty  years  ago. 


or  flower,  the  name  must  be  regarded  as  a 
misnomer.  Far  more  probable  that  it  is  of  the 
parentage  originally  attributed  by  Mr.  Boyd  to 
the  yellow-flowered  sort  bearing  his  name.  This 
was  Burseriana  and  Rocheliana.  Then  if  we 
conclude  that  the  Rocheliana  in  the  case  was  really 
its  variety  coriophylla,  we  have  in  these  twain, 
I  think,  the  materials  which  might  go  to  make  S. 
Boydii  alba  as  we  know  it  to-day.  The  plant, 
however,  is  good  and  desirable,  vigorous  of  growth 
and  large  of  flower.     Its  flowers  are  in  two  scries. 


the  earliest,  soUtary,  stemless  nestling  in  the  heart 
of  the  rosettes,  while  later  they  are  produced  in 
sprays,  two  to  four  in  a  spray,  the  peduncles  often 
2  inches  high.  Gritty  loam  and  good  drainage. 
S.  Faldonside  is  a  child  of  S.  Eoydii  and  far 
more  beautiful,  surpassing  the  parent  in  size,  form 
and  unmatched  beauty  generally.  By  common 
consent  the  uncrowned  "  Queen"  of  yellow  Saxi- 
frages X  more  amiable  doer  than  its  parent 
it  is  more  frequently  seen  and  more  abundant 
Culturally  it  requires  intelligent  care  and  the 
conditions  laid  down  for  Boydii  suit  it  well. 
Periodical  increase  from  cuttings  and  absence 
of  rich  soils  at  the  roots  are  good  cultural 
finger  posts.  Despite  a  superiority  that  is  not 
denied  it  has  so  far  but  received  an  award  of 
merit,   and   that  in   quite  recent  years. 


SAXIFRAGA     FALDONSIDE. 


The     Hardiness 
of    Habranthus     pratensis 

A  Beautiful  Plant  of  Reputed   Tenderness 
which  a  Hertfordshire  Reader   Grew   Suc- 
cessfully in  the  Open 

One  often  hears  doubts  cast  on  the  hardiness  of 
Habranthus  pratensis,  and  it  is  sucli  a  superbly 
gorgeous  flower  that  I  am  very  glad  to  be  able 
to  give  an  encouraging  report  of  its  behaviour 
here  under  open-air  treatment.  Two  years  ago 
1  came  by  a  very  large  stock  of  the  bulbs,  running 
into  many  thousands.  I  had  never  grown  the 
plant  before,  and  only  knew  that  it  was  commonly 
classed  as  a  hardy  bulb,  with  nasty  whispers 
liaunting  its  reputation.  I  therefore  acted  on 
the  principle  which  I  always  adopt  with  a  plant 
which  is  new  to  me.  I  planted  the  whole  lot 
out  in  open  ground,  in  stiffish  loam,  without 
fuss,  luxury  or  ceremony.  If  it  stood  the  test, 
well  and  good,  it  was  a  plant  for  me.  If  it  died, 
1  should  be  saved  from  endless  worry  and  trouble. 
As  a  hardy  plantsman  I  have  no  use  for  the 
sort  of  "hardy"  plant  which  is  only  hardy  if 
you  pla.it  it  in  a  warm  corner  of  Cornwall  and  then 
put  a  greenhouse  over  it  in  winter.  I  refuse  to 
court  obituary  complaints  in  my  post.  So  out 
went  Habranthus  pratensis  into  long  nursery 
rows,  3  inches  or  4  inches  apart  in  drills,  and 
there  it  has  stood  the  last  two  winters.  The 
Ijulbs  have  more  than  once  been  frozen  in,  for 
although  the  last  two  winters  have  on  the  whole 
been  mildish,  we  have  had  some  very  severe 
spells.  Habranthus  pratensis  has  stood  the 
spartan  test  perfectly.  We  have  lifted,  sorted 
and  replanted  the  bulbs,  and  the  results  are 
quite  convincing  as  to  tlieir  absolute  hardiness 
in  this  cold  neighbourhood.  They  have  increased 
abundantly,  not  only  in  number,  but  also  in 
quality.  They  flowered  beautifully  last  summer. 
I  incline  to  believe  that  all  these  nasty  rumours 
about  the  plants  hardiness  have  originated  with 
folk  who  have  never  tried  it,  on  the  principle 
that  it  is  "  too  good  to  be  true  "  Certainly  when 
one  sees  those  graceful  heads  of  Amaryllis  I.ily 
blossoms  of  vermilion-scarlet  with  ochre-yellow 
throats,  carried  on  their  2-foot  stems,  it  is  difficult 
to  believe  that  the  plant  can  be  hardy  even  in 
cold  Hertfordshire.  In  fact,  flowering  in  the 
nursery  rows  among  the  ruck  of  hardy  herbaceous 
plants  they  looked  almost  like  a  practical  joke, 
as  though  someone  had  come  from  the  green- 
house and  stuck  a  lot  of  exotics  into  the  soil 
So  that  in  planting  Habranthus  for  effect  in  the 
garden  it  would  be  as  well  to  place  it  near  some- 
thing with  the  sort  of  character  that  will  keep  it  in 
countenance — -Yuccas,  Montbretias.  Funkias.  any- 
thing with  the  riglit  kind  of  romantic  aspect. 
Stevenage.  C.  E. 


March  12,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


129 


PERENNIALS  for  PRESENT  PLANTING 


How  to  Manage  the 

IT  is  generally  conceded,  I  think,  that  for  the 
vast  majority  of  herbaceous  perennials 
and  the  greatest  variety  of  soils  there  is 
no  season  of  the  year  more  suitable  for 
planting  than  that  of  early  spring.  It 
is  as  true  of  the  seedling  as  it  is  of  the  more 
established  example,  and  equally  so  of  that  older 
type  of  the  last  named,  for  which  division  of  the 
rootstock  in  conjunction  with  transplanting  are 
essential  if  the  plant  is  to  give  of  its  best.  It  is 
true,  too,  from  the  propagator's  point  of  view, 
inasmuch  as  it  is  at  that  season  of  the  year  that 
the  majority  of  herbaceous  perennials,  starting 
root  and  branch  anew,  also  develop,  if  opportunity 
is  afforded  for  so  doing,  a  proportionate  number 
of  the  latent  eyes  or  buds  which  may  be  found 
about  the  bases  of  the  stems,  it  may  be  of  Torch 
Lily,  Tufted  Pansy,  Delphinium,  Michaelmas 
Daisy,  Pyrethrum  or  many  another  besides      Left 


Border  and  the  Plants 


flowering  time  will  be  also  that  of  the  cultivation — ■ 
or  lack  of  it — they  receive  ;  hence  the  desire  for 
timely  action. 

Preparing  the  Border. — At  all  times  a  well- 
prepared  border  is  essential  to  success.  Such 
preparation  is  more  easy  of  accomplishment  in 
the  case  of  a  new  border  where  trenching  and 
manuring  can  be  done  in  advance,  and  without 
such  hindrance  or  interruption  as  is  inseparable 
from  a  border  not  destined  for  complete  over- 
hauling. So  much,  however,  might  be  advanced 
in  favour  of  the  latter,  and  so  good  the  results, 
that  in  all  cases  where  possible  it  is  worth  pur- 
suing. All  the  same,  there  are  many  things — ■ 
Phlox,  Pyiethrum,  PotentiUa,  Japanese  Anemone, 
Delphinium,  Day  lily  and  Paony,  to  name  but  a 
few — that  are  infinitely  better  if  left  for  two, 
three,  or  even  a  greater  number  of  years,  and  to 
these    the    importance   of   a   well-prepared   border 


HERBACEOUS    P.^ONIES    DO    BEST    IF     LEFT      UNDISTURBED     FOR    YEARS,    HENCE    THE 
IMPORTANCE    OF    THE    RIGHT    PREPARATION    FOR    PLANTING. 


to  themselves  in  undivided  clumps,  these  same 
buds  are  either  crowded  out  of  existence  altogether 
or  go  to  swell  that  little  forest  of  weakly  growths 
more  common,  happily,  in  clumps  of  herbaceous 
border  plants  a  decade  or  two  ago  than  they  are 
to-day.  Thus  it  would  appear  that  ciJtivators 
generally  are  moving  in  a  right  direction,  and 
that  amateurs,  realising  how  to  make  the  most  of 
things,  are  also  prepared  to  cultivate  their  border 
flowers  on  more  rational  lines  than  hitherto.  In 
former  times  it  was  no  uncommon  thing  to  see 
great  mat-like  swards  of  the  Michaelmas  Daisy 
occupying  a  border,  the  nearly  bare  stems  and 
inadequate  floral  display  but  the  net  result  of 
starvation — the  exacting  toll  of  neglect.  To-day 
we  know  that  these  same  plants  merit  annual  or 
biennial  division  and  transplanting,  giving  some 
thirty,  some  fifty,  some  a  hundred  fold  of  their 
flowers,  as  the  result  of  the  cultivation  bestowed. 
In  principle,  the  same  is  true  of  other  plants — 
Phlox,  Sunflower,  Helenium,  Campanula,  Day  Lily 
and  the  like — and  the  measure  of  their  success  at 


at  the  outset  cannot  well  be  overestimated. 
In  the  case  of  heavy  soils,  the  addition  of  grit 
and  leaf-soil  will  assist  drainage,  just  as  a  free 
addition  of  lime  will  assist  porosity  and  do  other 
important  work.  For  light  soils  the  manure 
should  be  introduced  low  down,  where  h.ter  it 
may  play  the  part  of  a  cool  retreat — a  sponge — 
for  the  roots  in  the  event  of  dry  weather. 

The  Big  Clump  Fallacy.^F.Isewhere  I  have 
written  of  the  "  Fallacy  of  the  big  clump,"  and 
it  is  worth  repeating  here.  In  short,  the  big 
rlump  of  Pa?ony,  Michaelmas  Daisy,  Lenten  or 
Christmas  Rose,  Iris,  Pyrethrum,  or  what  you 
will,  is  to  the  planter  a  delusion  and  a  snare ; 
a  youthful  specimen  is  capable  of  much  better 
work.  The  obvious  reason  of  this  is  that  the 
youthful  plant  has  unlimited  opportunities  for 
development,  while  the  big  clump,  with  its  score 
or  so  of  crowns,  can  only  develop  a  tithe  of  them 
and  root  fibres  pro  rata  ;    hence  the  fallacy. 

The  Spade-Divided  Clump  is  almost  as  bad 
as  the  last  ;    plays  "  second  fiddle"   to  it,  in  fart, 


in  that  it  retains  the  feebler  crowns  of  the  plant, 
which,  together  with  the  woody  portion  inseparable 
therefrom,  would  be  doing  greater  service  for  the 
garden  by  creating  potash  d  la  bonfire.  Moreover, 
the  spade  as  a  tool  for  dividing  plants  is  a  cumbrous, 
ofttimes  a  dangerous  thing.  A  strong  pruning 
knife  or  a  couple  of  hand  forks  are  infinitely  more 
safe  in  that  either  can  be  directed  to  any  point  of 
the  plant's  anatomy  at  the  will  of  the  operator. 
In  this  way  solid  clumps — -TroUius  or  Pyrethrum 
— ^first  bereft  of  soil  by  washing  or  otherwise,  can 
be  reduced  to  quite  small  divisions  with  impunity. 
So,  too,  can  larger- growing  subjects,  as  Iris  Izevigata 
and  others.  In  the  case  of  Flag  Irises,  all  that  the 
planter  has  need  of  is  the  most  recently  formed 
rhizome  with  its  growing'crown  attached.  The 
Michaelmas  Daisies  of  the  Novi-Belgii  set  separate 
readily  with 'the  hand,  while  those  of  the  Nov«e- 
.Angli.T?  group,  being  more  woody,  are  best  wrenched 
asunder  by  means  of  hand  forks.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  closer-growing  root-stocks  of  such  as 
ericoides  and  cordifolius  submit  to  careful  division 
with  a  knife,  and  many  other  instances  might  be 
given.  The  whole  object  of  division  is  reinvigora- 
tion,  and  the  most  youthful  pieces — the  fittest — are 
all  the  gardener  need  bother  about,  planting  these 
with  a  free  hand  in  groups  to  give  immediate 
effect. 

Some  Useful  Plants  for  Cutting. — There  is  ever 
a  demand  for  flowers  in  the  cut  state,  and  the 
following  is  a  selection :  Single  PjTethrums 
Hamlet  (pink)  and  James  Kelway  (crimson)  ; 
double,  Ne  Plus  Ultra  (pale  pmk),  Aphrodite 
(white)  and  Pericles  (yeUow)  ;  Asters,  Amellus, 
ericoides  Desire,  cordifolius  in  variety  and  Beauty 
of  Colwall ;  Irises  pallida,  aiu-ea,  Mrs.  Darwin  and 
Dr.  Bernice ;  Galegas  in  white  and  mauve,  white 
Everlasting  Pea,  Gaillardias,  double  and  single 
flowered  Gypsophila  paniculata,  .Aquilegia  chry- 
santha,  Alstroemeria  aurantiaca,  Campanula  per- 
sicifolia  in  variety.  Montbretias,  Scabiosa  cau- 
casica.   Lupines,   Rudbeckias  and  Heleniums. 


Now  is  a  Good  Time  to  Sow 
the  Brilliant  Salpiglossis 


M 


;  ASSED  in  beds  or  large  groups 
in  the  borders  in  the  most  prominent 
positions,  the  Salpiglossis  with  its 
wonderfully  veined  and  brilliantly 
coloured  funnel-shaped  blossoms  is 
among  the  finest  half-hardy  annuals  that  we 
have.  They  respond  in  a  very  special  way  to 
any  extra  care  expended  on  their  cultivation, 
and  it  is  often  a  surprise  to  those  who  have  only 
seen  mediocre  examples  to  meet  with  magnifi- 
cently branched  specimens  carrying  dozens  of 
flowers  and  rising  to  2i  feet  or  3  feet  in  height. 
To  assure  these  early  sowing  must  be  practised  ; 
indeed,  I  have  a  friend  who  raises  exceptionally 
fine  plants,  and  these  he  sows  in  September. 
Excellent  results,  however,  are  ensured  by 
sowing  now,  but  no  excess  of  heat  must  ever 
be  used  or  the  plants  soon  become  drawn  weak- 
lings. Very  sandy  compost  is  desirable  so  as 
to  minimise  the  risk  of  damping  in  the  early 
stages.  Salpiglossis  are  "  miffy "  plants  and 
need  care,  especially  while  seedlings  and  when 
first  planted  out.  Sow  thinly  in  efficiently 
drained  pans,  and  cover  the  seeds  very  lightly 
with  soil  and  place  in  a  temperature  of  50° 
to  55°  so  as  to  induce  rapid  germination,  but 
directly  this  has  taken  place  remove  them  to  a 
cooler  temperature  where  they  can  make  slow 
and   steady   progress.     The    main   effort   should 


130 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  12,  1921. 


be  directed  to  inducing  them  to  form  as  much 
fibrous  root  as  possible.  When  large  enough 
to  handle  prick  them  out  into  pans  or  boxes 
3  inches  apart  in  a  compost  of  two  parts  fibrous 
loam  to  one  of  coarse  sand.  This  may  seem 
an  undue  proportion  of  the  latter,  but  the  roots 
are  easily  injured  or  destroyed  by  excessive 
moisture  and  the  sand  assists  in  the  production 
of  more  fibre.  From  the  middle  of  April 
onwards  they  do  best  in  cold  frames,  taking 
care,  while  ventilating  these  freely,  to  avoid 
chilling  draughts.  The  aim  from  the  seedling 
onwards  is  to  produce  stocky  dwarf  plants, 
but  once  they  become  at  all  drawn  they  might 
as  well  be  destroyed  so  far  as  really  good  results 
are  concerned.  If  an  especially  cold  night 
occurs,  mat  the  frame  well  up  and  do  not  remove 
this  too  early  in  the  morning,  tliough_^forced 
growth  by  means  of  a  high  tempera- 
ture due  to  not  opening  the  frames 
early  enough  must  be  avoided.  Plant- 
ing out  should  be  done  towards  the 
end  of  May,  choosing  a  bed  in  which 
the  soil  has  been  well^enriched  by 
the  addition  of  plenty  of  manure  and 
deep  digging.  The  sunnier  the  bed 
the  better,  as  this  ensures  greatcr 
warmth.  A  cool  showery  period  is 
the  best  for  planting,  but  if  this  doc  s 
not  occur,  thoroughly  drench  the  soil 
a  couple  of  days  previously  ;  then 
plant,  and  water  with  a  rosed  can 
when  completed.  It  pays  to  invert 
a  flower-pot  over  each  plant  if  the 
weather  is  sunny,  removing  this  as 
soon  as  the  sun  is  off  the  bed.  Pro- 
tection must  be  afforded  against  slugs, 
as  these  are  particularly  fond  of  young 
Salpiglossis,  and  where  they  cxi  st 
in  large  numbers  will  completely 
demolish  the  plants  in  an  incredibly 
short  time.  Croydon. 


Bending    Flower    Stems    are    of    High 
Decorative  Value  in  the  Garden 


By     the     editor. 


THERE  is  something  very  attractive 
about  plants  with  tall  and  graceful 
flower-spikes  rising,  it  may  be,  several 
feet  in  height  and  waving  freely  in  the 
wind.  Generally  speaking,  such  flower- 
stems,  though  slender,  are  so  tough  and  wiry 
that  they  are  never  injured  like  the  much  stouter 
and  stronger-looking  stems  of  robust- growing 
plants:  In  the  Wandflower  (Sparaxis  pulcherrima) 
the  flowers  are  borne  on  almost  invisible  wire  lil^e 


Mountori  House  in  Rose- time  presents  a  scene 
of  unusual  splendour,  when  pillars  and  pergolas 
are  gay  with  the  blooms  of  Dorothy  Perkins  and 
American  PiUar.  As  the  summer  wanes  the 
brilliant  display  of  Rambler  Roses  gives  way  to 
the  quiet  beauty  of  the  Wandflower  and  its  well 
chosen  companions. 

Tills  graceful  Sparaxis  was  evidently  quite  at 
home  among  the  Tamarix  in  a  stony  soil  and  sunny 
border.     There  was  no  question  of  its  hardiness. 


A    New    Strain    of 
Early  Tulips 

Easily  Forced  and  Better  Colours 


Great  interest  is  being  taken  in 
a  riew  hybrid  race  of  Tulips  that 
are  likely  to  be  extensively  grown 
for  forcing  purposes,  both  in  private  and 
market  gardens.  At  a  recent  meeting  of  the 
Tulip  Committee,  Haarlem  Bulb  Growers  Society, 
Messrs.  E.  H.  Krelage  and  Son  showed  five 
varieties  of  forced  Tulips  in  pots.  These  Tulips 
are  hybrids  between  Due  van  Tholl  and  Darwin 
varieties  and  combine  the  earlincss  of  the  former 
with  the  colours  and  the  longer  stems  of  the 
latter.  The  flowering  period  outdoors  is  the 
same  as  that  of  the  early  single  Tulips  and  thty 
can  easily  be  forced  in  the  first  week  of  January  ; 
some  varieties  were  flowered  in  perfect  condition, 
but  with  shorter  stems,  on  December  20.  The 
colours  of  the  varieties  shown  were  bright  pink, 
salmon  orange,  maroon,  cerise  and  brown  with 
sulphur  edge,  but  Messrs.  Krelage  possess  a  great 
many  varieties  in  other  shades.  The  first  crosses 
were  made  in  1900  and  have  since  been  continued 
-.-early. 

These  newcomers  which,  compared  with  the 
existing  varieties  for  early  forcing,  showed  great 
superiority,  will  doubtless  have  a  splendid  future, 
for  a  combination  of  early  forcing  qualities,  new 
colours  and  good  stems  would  mean  a  decided 
advance  on  all  early  forcing  Tulips. 


XHi.     WANUl-LOWER     DANCES     IN     THE     BREEZE. 


foot  stalks.  One  day  in  early  August  we  saw 
this  delightful  plant  in  the  height  of  its  summer 
plumage  in  Mr.  H.  Avray  Tipping's  garden  at 
Mounton  House.  Chepstow.  It  was  not  until  then 
that  we  realised  how  very  beautiful  it  could  be 
in  an  English  garden.  There  were  several  clumps, 
both  large  and  small,  growing  in  a  warm,  sunny 
border  of  mixed  shrubs  and  herbaceous  plants 
Whether  by  accident  or  design  we  hardly  know, 
but  the  foliage  and  flowers  of  the  border  plants 
and  the  neighbouring  shrubs  entered  into  a  perfect 
harmony  of  colour  such  as  one  rarely  sees.  The 
feathery  growth  of  Tamarix  with  its  plumes  of 
pink  blossom  formed  a  fitting  companion  to  the  rosy 
purple  flowers  of  Sparaxis.  The  slender,  archirg 
sprays  of  Sparaxis  have  given  to  it  the  name  of 
Wandflower.  An  old  quarry  near  by  was  made 
gay  with  the  pink  plumes  of  Astiltes  and  bronze 
toliage  of  Rodgersias ;  while  in  the  backgroun'' 
was  an  immense  clump  of  tlie  American  Smoke 
Tree  (Rhus  cotinoides)  in  full  flower,  producing  a 
cloudlike  effect  above  its  handsome  foliage,  which, 
by  the  way,  assumes  a  fine  colour  in  autumn — a 
brilliant  scarlet  suffused  with  orange  and  crimson  ; 
it  is  unsurpassed  for  its  magnificent  colouring. 


for  self-so.vn  seedlings  were  springing  up  around 
the  parent  plants.  It  is  well  to  know  this,  for  the 
Sparaxis,  which  is  a  native  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  has  been  tried  in  scores  of  gardens  witliout 
mucli  success,  and,  like  other  Cape  bulbs,  it  is 
looked  upon  as  a  very  difficult  plant  to  manage 
in  this  country.  Its  peculiarities,  whatever  tl.ey 
may  be,  are  satisfied  at  Mounton  House  without 
the  slightest  trouble.  The  slender,  wire-like 
spikes  were  fully  6  feet  long  and  bent  o\'er  with 
the  weight  of  their  pendulous  flowers.  A  steady 
breeze  blowing  up  the  Bristol  Channel  kept  all 
the  flowers  swinging  to  and  fro  continually. 
Tliey  were  dancing  in  the  breeze,  as  restless  as 
butterflies  on  tlie  wing,  and  would  not  be  induced 
to  come  to  a  momentary  rest  before  the  camera. 
Tlie  Wandflower  is  indeed  an  appropriate  name 
for  this  delicate  flower.  Although  the  flower- 
stems  are  very  thin  and  slender,  yet  they  are  so 
tough  and  strong  th.at  after  a  stiff  gale,  when  other 
plants  are  unmistakably  weather-beaten,  the 
Wandflower  remains  unbroken,  and  it  goes  on 
swinging  gaily  in  the  gentle  breezes  after  a  storm. 

A  few  notes  on  cultivation  may  be  helpful   to 
those  who  intend  giving   this  charming  flower   a 


March  1.2,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


131 


trial.  The  bulbs  should  be  planted  either  in  the 
autumn  or  in  early  March.  If  planted  later  than 
.March  the  bulbs  fail  to  flower  as  well  as  they 
otherwise  would  do.  .\  loose,  light,  loamy  soil 
is  preferred,  and  where  the  soil  is  naturally  of  a 
heavy  nature  the  bulbs  should  be  well  covered  witli 
rough  sand.  Good  drainage  is  essential,  and  a 
due  south  aspect  should  be  chosen.  It  is  a  suitable 
subject  for  planting  on  the  margins  of  shrubberies 
or  along  the  water  banks  so  long  as  tl.e  position 
is  high  and  dry.  -A,  wet  situation  in  winter  is 
fatal.  Sparaxis  needs  all  the  sun  that  we  can  givf. 
it  in  an  English  garden,  and  if  the  site  is  backed 
by  a  wall  or  greenhouse  all  the  better.     Tlie  bulbs 


should  be  planted  from  4  inches  to  6  inches  deep 
and  about  3  inches  apart.  It  is  a  good  plan  to 
cover  the  soil  with  Bracken  or  dry  leaves  to  keep 
tliem  dry  through  the  winter.  When  once  estab- 
lished the  plants  resent  being  disturbed. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  Dierama  pulcherri- 
mum  is  now  regarded  by  botanists  as  the  correct 
name  for  this  plant,  but  in  gardens  it  wiU  always 
be  known  under  the  old  name  of  Sparaxis  pulcher- 
rima.  There  is  something  truly  exquisite  about 
its  graceful  habit  and  refined  flowers  that  makes 
the  Wandflower  worthy  of  close  attention  to  those 
details  in  cultivation  which  will  bring  it  to 
perfection. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Rock  Garden  Plants  wintered  in  cold  frames 
may  now  be  planted  out,  making  a  beginning  with 
the  hardier  ones.  As  far  as  possible,  each  subject 
should  be  considered  separately  as  to  its  require- 
ments of  soil  and  position.  Should  the  planting 
be  freshly  carried  out  either  in  wall  or  rock  garden, 
an  effort  should  be  made  to  so  arrange  such 
planting  that  a  sufficient  number  of  plants  of 
each  variety  are  used  to  give  a  good  effect,  as 
too  often,  I  think,  rock  garden  planting  is 
"  scrappy,"   if  I   may  use  such  a  word. 

Standard  Plants  of  Heliotrope,  Plumbago  and 
other  plants  which  may  be  so  grown  for  summer 
bedding  should  be  encouraged  now'  to  make 
good  healthy  growth,  by  potting  or  top-dressing. 

Gladioli. — The  earliest  corms  may  be  planted 
in  well-enriched  soil  as  soon  as  activity  is  notice- 
able. Where  Gladioli  aie  to  be  used  after  spring- 
flowering  plants  and  bulbs,  the  corms  must  be 
kept  at  rest  as  long  as  possible,  by  keeping  as 
cool  as  it  is  safe  to  do  so. 

Rose  Pruning.' — Unless  checked  by  sharp 
frosts,  this  work  may  be  taken  in  hand  as  soon 
as  convenient,  leaving  the  Tea  Roses  until  the 
last. 

Seeds.' — .\ccording  to  requirements  and  weather 
conditions,  sowings  may  now  be  made  of  a  great 
number  of  the  hardy  annuals.  Some  resent 
being  moved,  so  it  is  a  great  advantage  to  be  able 
to  sow  where  the  plants  are  to  remain  and  then 
thin  out  the  seedlings  as  desired.  As  to  varieties 
and  culture,  I  need  only  refer  readers  to  The 
Garden  for  the  last  few  weeks. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Cauliflowers  which  have  been  growing  in 
3-inch  and  4-inch  pots  from  autumn  sowing 
must  be  well  hardened  off  and  planted  on  a  warm 
border  at  the  first  opportunity.  Protection,  by 
way  of  evergreen  boughs,  should  be  given  for  a 
time.  Cauliflowers  delight  in  a  well-enriched 
soil  which  allows  of  a  good  free  root  run. 

Sowing. — This  may  be  carried  out  now  more 
extensively  with  safety.  .-V  good  breadth  of 
Broad  Beans  and  Peas  should  be  made  where 
there  is  a  large  kitchen  demand.  Choose  a  some- 
what cooler  situation  for  the  former  than  was 
chosen  for  the  earlier  sowings.  In  a  warm  position 
a  small  sowing  of  Beet  may  be  made ;  also  a 
further  sowing  of  Carrot,  Turnip,  Spinach,  and 
a  small  one  of  Radish  and  Lettuce  outdoors. 

Planting  of  early  raised  crops  of  Broad  Beans 
and  Peas  must  be  attended  to  before  the  plants 
become  leggy,  afterwards  drawing  a  little  soil 
up  round  the  plants  as  a  protection  ;  also  protect 
with  evergreen  branches  if  frosty  winds  are 
experienced. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Melons.— Encourage  the  plants  to  make  a 
clean,  free  growth.  The  training  and  stopping 
of  the  young  shoots  is  often  carried  out  somewhat 
differently,  but  with  equal  success,  and,  after 
all,  the  latter  is  the  most  important  point.  .As 
a  general  guide  the  growths  may  be  pinched  at 
one  leaf  beyond  where  the  fruit  is,  and  all  subse- 
quent laterals  and  other  unnecessary  shoots  kept 
pinched  or  removed  to  avoid  overcrowding  of  the 
chief  wood.  The  fruiting  stage  having  been 
reached,  pollination  of  several  flowers  should  be 
carried  out  the  same  day  if  possible,  and  then  the 
fruits  swell  away  evenly  together.  Two  or  three 
fruits  I  find  is  generally  sufficient  for  early  plants 
to    carry.      During    the    flowering    period    a    drier 


atmosphere  should  be  kept,  but  a  "set"  having 
been  obtained,  the  syringe  can  be  freely  used  again 
on  all  bright  days.  Make  every  possible  use  of 
sun  heat,  for  Melons  revel  in  heat  and  moisture 
while  swelling  their  fruits. 

H.  Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albiiry  Park  Gardens   Guild  ord. 


FOR     NORTHERN     G.\RDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Planting  Seakale. — Voung  thongs  which  have 
been  in  the  plunge  for  a  period  may  now  be  planted 
in  well  prepared  and  generously  manured  ground, 
as  Seakale  enjoys  a  rich  root-run.  Plant  in  rows 
about  18  inches  apart,  and  allow  i  foot  between 
the  plants, 

Jerusalem  Artichokes. — ^This  nutritious  and 
accommodating  winter  vegetable  should  be  planted 
in  a  sunny  position  so  that  good  results  may  be 
obtained,  choosing  a  part  that  is  sheltered  from 
strong  winds.  Plant  in  rows  2  J  feet  apart,  allowing 
I  foot  between  the  tubers  and  about  5  inches 
deep.  The  work  should  be  done  now  provided  the 
ground  is  in  good  condition. 

Glole  Artichokes. — Should  the  weatlier  remam 
favourable  the  protecting  material  may  be  cleared 
away  and  a  generous  dressing  of  manure  worked 
in  about  the  stools  so  that  vigorous  growth  may 
be  obtained,  filling  up  any  blanks  with  off-sets. 

Tomatoes.— Early  lots  will  now  be  ready  to 
move  into  their  fruiting  pots  or  borders.  Examine 
the  soil  for  wireworm.  and  if  this  pest  proves 
troublesome  insert  small  pieces  of  Carrot  between 
the  plants.  This  proves  a  ready  bait  for  them. 
Examine  the  pieces  regularly  until  the  plants  are 
well  under  way. 

Mushrooms. — The  difticulty  in  obtaining  the 
necessary  manure  has  vetoed  the  growing  of 
Mushrooms  in  many  places,  but  where  convenient, 
beds  should  be  made  up  as  fast  as  the  manure 
is  prepared.  The  beds  should  not  be  allowed  to 
suffer  through  want  of  water.  A  thorough  soaking 
should  be  given  instead  of  surface  sprinklings. 
See  that  a  steady  heat  is  maintained,  as  a  fluctuat- 
ing temperature  generally  results  in  failure.  When 
watering  use  tepid  water. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Early  Peaches.— These  wUI  bo  swelling  freely 
now,  so  disbudding  and  thinning  should  be  attended 
to,  care  being  taken  to  encourage  young  growths 
to  take  the  place  of  old  or  worn-out  branches. 
Pee  that  the  trees  do  not  suffer  from  lack  of  water. 
In  the  case  of  trees  carrying  heavy  crops,  a  watering 
of  liquid  manure  occasionally  will  be  of  great  benefit. 
Keep  the  syringe  going  freely  during  fine  weather 
so  that  red  spider  may  be  kept  in  check. 

Vines. — ^.Attend  carefully  to  Vines  that  are 
well  forward,  stopping  the  laterals  at  a  couple  of 
leaves  beyond  the  bunch,  and  have  all  superfluous 
growths  removed.  Vines  that  are  in  flower  will 
benefit  from  a  tap  on  the  rod  so  that  fertilisation 
may  be  assisted.  Late  vineries  shotUd  be  kept  as 
cool  as  possible  meantime  until  the  buds  begin 
to  move,  when  heat  may  be  increased. 

Plants  Unt'er  Glass. 

Cannas. — These  interesting  subjects,  although 
not  tised  very  much  for  bedding  purposes  in  the 
North,  are  always  appreciated  for  greenhouse 
culture.  .After  being  partly  dried  off  they  will 
now  be  showing  signs  of  growth,  so  should  be 
split  up  and  started  in  a  brisk  heat,  removing  to 
cooler  quarters  after  reasonable  growth  has  been 
made. 


Repotting. — Hychrangeas,  Fuchsias,  Pelar- 
goniums, Tracheliums  and  other  subjects  for  the 
greenhouse  should  all  receive  any  necessary 
repotting  at  this  time  ;  while  Palms,  Draceanas 
and  Crotons  should  also  be  attended  to. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Polyanthuses. — ^If  strong  plants  are  to  be  had 
for  bedding  purposes  in  the  autumn,  a  sowing 
should  be  made  imder  glass  without  delay,  as  they 
require  a  lengthy  season  of  growth.  Immediately 
the  seedlings  are  large  enough  to  handle  they 
should  be  pricked  off  into  boxes  and  later  planted 
out  in  nursery  lines  in  the  reserve  garden.  The 
Munstead  strain  for  size  and  fragrance  is  very 
fine,  and  has  always  given  great  pleasure  when 
grown  here. 

Border  Carnations. — In  northern  gardens  it 
is  customary  to  winter  these  in  frames  and  plant 
out  during  March,  so  this  should  be  done  imme- 
diately the  state  of  the  ground  permits.  Border 
Carnations  enjoy  plenty  of  wood-ash  worked  into 
the  border,  while  a  dusting  of  soot  round  the 
plants  wards  off  slugs.  Plant  from  12  inches  to 
14  inches  apart,  according  to  the  habit  of  the 
particiflar  variety.  Where  seedling  Carnations 
are  gro\vn  these  should  also  be  transferred  from 
the  nursery  garden  to  their  flowering  quarters. 
James  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart  ). 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


ANSWERS 
rO  CORRESPONDENTS 

'  QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— r/ie  Editor  endeavours 
to  viake  The  Garden  helpful  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assista'nce,  no  matter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  colu7}>ns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  ufittcn  ort  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  tlie  Editor  of  The  G.UiDEN,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.'l.  I'he  nam£  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  iti  the  paper.  When  more  than  otie 
q^iery  is  sent,  each  sltovld  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  cleaily  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  7noss,  not  cotton-uool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
stnall  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Tubushee. 


FLOWER     GARDEN. 

VIOLAS  TO  COLOUR  (Cantab).— AATiite :  Swan,  Snow- 
flake.  Mid-yellow;  Mrs.  E.  A.  Cade,  Margaret  Wood. 
Pale  blue:  FicdAYilliams.  Bridal  Morn.  Dark  blue  :  Blue 
Hock,  Admiral  of  the  Blues.  Crimson.  Crimson  Bedder. 
(  ream  and  primrose:  Marchioness, Peace.  Dark  yellow  : 
Moseley  Perfection,  George  Palmer.  Medium'  blue : 
Stanley  Paul,  W.  H.  ^yoodgate.  Pink  is  beyond  us. 
J.  B.  Riding  is  of  rosy  mauve  colour  and  a  fine'bedder  ; 
Edged  varieties :  James  Pulling,  Katiileen,  Lark,  Sunbeam. 
Curiously,  our  correspondent  does  not  ask  for  mauve 
shades,  though  some  are  very  beautiful.  Maggie  Mott, 
Ophelia  and  Mauve  Queen  are  some. 


TREES     AND     SHRtTRS. 

SUITABLE  TREES  TO  FORM  A  HEDGE  (R.  A.  H.  W., 

Essex). — A  very  good  informal  hedge  could  be  made 
to  screen  oif  the  garden  from  the  tennis  court  with  Pjtus 
rtoribunda  and  P.  f.  atrosanguinea.  Trees  could  be 
l)Ianted  8  feet  apart,  and  they  would  soon  grow  together. 
They  could  be  grown  without  pruning  if  there  is  plenty 
of  room  available.  Trees  branched  low  on  the  stem 
should  be  procured.  Trees  may  be  obtained  from  either 
Mr.  Anthony  Waterer,  Knap  Hill.  Surrey,  or  Jlr.  Notcutt, 
Woodbridge,  Essex. 

CAMELLIA  ATTACKED  (B.,  Seaton).— The  black 
deposit  on  the  Camellia  leaves  is  no  doubt  a.  fungus  of 
the  genus  Fumago.  These  fungi  grow  only  upon  the 
honeydew  deposited  by  apliis  or  by  scale  iusticts,  and  our 
correspondent  will  probably  find  that  the  white  Camellia 
is  attacked  by  the  one  or  the  other  of  these  pests,  whch 
are  probably  the  cause  of  the  failure  to  flower.  Attention 
to  the  destruction  of  these  insects  by  spraying  at  a  suitable 
time  with  nicotine  wash  or  with  Kataktlla  would  doubtless 
preserve  the  plants,  and  clean  and  improve  the  flowering. 
Possibly  the  Camellia  is  oV(.rshadowed  by  trees  which  are 
attacked. 


THE     GREENHOUSE. 

CALCEOLARIA  AND  SALPIGLOSSIS  (Interested).— 
As  a  groundwork  for  the  Salpiglossis.  Sweet  Alyssum  or 
Mignonette  would  be  suitable  if  a  flowering  plant  "is  needed 
that  w  uld  not  clash.  Pot  the  Calceolarias  in  4-inch 
pots  at  once  in  loam,  leaf  soil  and  sand.  Give  them 
cool  greenhouse  treatment  and  use  tlie  syringe  freely  to 
keep  the  atmospheric  conditions  moist.  Dry  arid  condi- 
tions are  abhorrent  to  these  plants.  Late'r  give  them 
5-inch  or  6-inch  pots.  Wc  should  preft-r  them  as  hush 
plants.  Standards  are  not  usually  satisfactorv  and 
much  flower  beauty  is  lost— and  time^in  forming  them. 


132 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  12,  1921. 


THE  VINERY  AND  PLANTS  TO  GROW  IN  SAME 
(G.  W.  G.,  Berks.). — Our  correspondent  wishes  to  know 
what  plants  and  ferns  can  be  cultivated  in  a  vinery 
uithout  any  risk  ot  damage  to  vines  from  insect  pests. 
If  our  correspondent  means  such  plants  as  are  commonly 
grown  for  the  decoration  of  the  conservatory  and  the 
house,  our  answer  must  be  there  is  none,  unless  an 
experienced  and  vigilant  gardener  is  in  charge,  and  even 
then  the  risk  is  great.  Even  the  Fern,  innocent  as  it 
may  seem,  is  one  of  the  worst,  culprits,  scales  and  thrips 
finding  a  congenial  and  safe  place  among  its  fronds  in  which 
to  hide  and  tlirivc.  If  the  vine  is  clean  and  free  from 
insect  pests,  let  well  alone  and  keep  out  all  plants  likely 
to  do  it  harm.  On  the  other  hand,  the  vinery  can  be 
made  most  useful  in  spring  of  the  year  for  gently  forcing 
into  bloom  many  useful  plants  as  flowering  shrubs  ;  Lilacs, 
Spiraeas,  Laburnums,  Hhododendrons,  Deutzias,  Diely- 
tras  and  many  others,  also  bulbs  in  infinite  variety,  as 
well  as  for  the  raising  of  vegetable  plants  from  seeds  for 
securing  early  crops  of  Lettuce,  Celery,  Beetroot,  Beans 
and  Peas  and  many  others.  Excellent  Grapes  were 
grown  and  ripened  during  the  war  without  a  shovelful 
of  coal.  The  secret  of  success  in  this  method  of  growing 
the  vine  lies  in  the  husbanding  of  every  ray  of  sunshine 
by  the  exercise  of  judgment  and  care  in  ventilating. 
For  instance,  in  the  first  place,  do  not  give  any  front 
air  at  all  until  the  second  week  in  April — depending  on 
the  top  ventilator  to  keep  the  temperature  sufficiently 
down,  say  to  84*  Fahr.  in  the  shade,  middle  of  the  day 
maximum — and  closing  the  ventilator  at  3.30  p.m.  on 
warm,  sunshiny   days.     This  will  secure  a   fine  growing 


and  panicles  of  flowers  from  the  tops  of  young  growths. 
It  will  give  a  succession  of  fruit  till  frost  destioys  the 
blossom.  The  flower-buds  are  showing  now  (February  24). 
If  this  variety  were  grown  where  frost  was  not  it  would 
fruit  continuously.  Jt  has  been  grown  at  Corfe  Mulltn 
for  seven  years  and  has  always  fruited  in  the  same 
manner. 

PERPETUAL  FRUITING  RASPBERRY  'Eustic).— We 
take  this  to  be  a  form  oi  the  summer-btaring  Baspbtrry. 
It  is  nothing  unusual  for  the  ordinary  summer  Baspberry 
to  occasionally  boar  some  fruit  continuously  to  theajlumn. 
but  the  quantity  so  borne  is  of  tmall  value  We  think  our 
corresiondent  will  be  on  the  right  side  in  treating  it 
as  a  summer  fruiting  variety.  Ko  doubt  strong 
canes  will  bring  forth  a  good  crop,  which  may  be  partly 
perpetual.  Autunui-fruiting  Baspberries  are  a  distinct 
section.  They  bear  as  heavy  crops  as  do  the  sum- 
mer ones,  but  the  flavour  and  quality  of  the  fruit 
cannot  be  compared.  Id  pruning  them,  the  canes  of  last 
year's  growth  are  cut  down  to  the  ground  level  in 
February.  The  fruit  is  borne  on  the  young  canes,  the 
growth  of  the  current  season.  Apple  Ellison's  Orange  in 
its  season  is  one  oi  our  best  Dessert  Apples.  We  agree 
with  our  correspondent  as  regards  the  value  of  Feam's 
Pippin  as  a  later  dessert  Apple.  It  is  one  of  our  oldest 
and  best  known  sorts.  It  has  of  late  years  been  ousted 
out  of  its  high  position  by  so-called  new  sorts  of  less  merit. 

F    TWO    AND    A    HALF    ACRE    PLOT   OF   GRASSLAND 
FOR      FRUIT-GROWING      AND      POULTRY-FARMING 

(White    Wyandotte). — Our    conrs^pondent    does   not    say 


A    BRIGHT    DISPLAY    OF    CROCUSES    UNDER    TREES    IN    PECKHAM    PARK, 
Frovi  a  photograph  taken  on  February  26. 


LONDON. 


temperature  well  into  the  night.  SyriEge  the  walls  and 
borders  of  the  vinery  copiously  at  the  time  of  closing  the 
ventilators,  but  not  the  vines. 


ROCK     GARDEN. 

PLANTS    FOR    A   SHADED   ROCK    GARDEN    (D.    B., 

Carntiustie). — The  rock  garden  is  not  well  circumstanced 
for  llowering  alpines,  particularly  if  the  shade  is  caused 
by  buildings  or  trees.  To  such  plants  sun  is  as  life.  Those 
now  given,  therefore,  should  be  planttd  where  the  fullest 
measure  of  sun  reaches  them,  arranging  them  in  threes 
or  more  in  order  to  obtain  effect.  Any  of  the  Hepaticas 
(Anemone  Hepatica)  in  red,  white  and  blue  shades,  A. 
angulosa,  Campanula  muralis,  C.  Stansfleldi,  C.  pulloides, 
C.  turb  rata,  Phlox  subulata  atropurpurea,  P.  s.  ■Vi\id, 
P.  s.  Sprite,  P.  s.  Nelsoiii,  Primula  rosea,  P.  BuUeyana, 
P.  dentieulata,  P.  d.  cashmiriana.  P.  d.  alba,  P.  Beesiana, 
P.  Sieboldi  in  variety,  Bamondia  pyrenalca,  any  of  the 
mossy  Saxifrages,  as  S.  (.  librani,  S.  sanguinea  superba, 
S.  Khei,  S.  muscoides  atropurpurea,  Christmas  and  Lenten 
Boses  in  the  more  shaded  parts,  Saxifraga  megasea 
purpurea,  S.  Delavayl,  S.  oppositifolia  in  variety,  Silene 
alpcstris,  Veronica  rupestris,  Corydalls  nobilis,  C.  thalictri- 
folia  and  Cyclamen  neapolitanum.  Snowdrops,  blue  wood 
Anemones  and  other  bulbous  or  tuberous-rooted  plants 
might  be  introduced  in  autumn,  and  with  such  Primroses 
as  Miss  Massey,  Altaica  and  the  single  and  double  forms 
associated  with  Hart's  Tongue,  Oak  and  other  Ferns, 
a  pretty  comer  should  result. 


FRUIT     GARDEN. 

RASPBERRY  LLOYD  GEORGE  (Furley).— This  is  a 
heavy  and  large  summer-fruiting  variety,  and  should 
be  treated  as  a  summer  Raspberr>- ;  it  will  give  its 
successive  fruit  on  the  terminals  of  young  growths.  At 
Cardiff  in  July  there  were  lateral  growths  with  ripe  fruit 


what  depth  of  loam  there  is  overlying  the  chalk  subsoil. 
Presuming  it  will  be  between  18  inches  and  2  feet,  most 
hardy  fruits  trees  would  succeed  well  in  it.  It  would  be 
ideal  for  the  growth  of  all  stone  fruit,  such  as  Plums  and 
Cherries  ;  also  Apricots  trained  against  the  cottage  wall?, 
soath  and  west.  If  desired,  the  one  and  a  half  acres  to 
be  given  up  to  poultry  could  be  planted  with  standard 
trees  of  Apples  and  Plums.  The  poultry  would  not  harm 
the  trees  so  long  as  they  are  firmly  planted  and  well  secured 
to  strong  stakes  and  the  bare  ground  round  their  base 
protected  against  scratching  by  pegging  down  branches 
of  Thorns,  Gorse  or  any  other  similar  material.  (The 
standards  should  be  about  5^  feet  high).  The  Apples 
should  be  planted  24  feet  apart  in  the  row,  and  tlie  same 
d  stance  allowed  between  the  rows.  Standard  Plum  trees 
should  be  planted  between  the  Apple  trees  all  the  way 
through.  This  would  leave  ample  space  for  the  poultry 
as  well  as  the  trees.  A  portion  of  the  ground  should  be 
allocated  for  the  growth  of  vegetables  and  bush  fruit. 
This  should  be  trenched  and  the  turf  dug  in,  grass  side 
downwards.  It  should  be  wired  in  round  its  sides,  say, 
6  feet  high.  Cordon  Gooseberries,  Bed  and  White  Currants, 
Loganberries  and  Cherries  could  be  trained  to  the  w.rcd 
sides  and  bush  fruit  and  vegetables  in  the  centre.  Herring 
netting  could  be  placed  over  the  top  to  protect  fruit  from 
birds  when  ripe. 

REMOVING  GREASE  BANDS  FROM  APPLE  TREES 
(Brookside). — Do  not  remove  the  bands  until  late  in 
spring.  Burn  as  soon  as  removed.  See  there  are  no 
pests  left  under  the  band  or  on  the  tree  trunk  below  it. 
PLANTING  A  GARDEN  OF  ABOUT  A  QUARTER  OF 
AN  ACRE  WITH  FRUIT  TREES  (H.  B.  C,  Sussex).— 
How  about  shelter  if  the  Laurel  hedges  are  removed  ? 
If  our  correspondent  is  satisfied  on  this  point,  remove 
them  as  early  as  possible  and  plant  the  ground  with 
single  cordons  of  Apples  and  Pears,  Gooseberries  and 
C\irrants.  The  ground  will  be  poor  after  Laurels,  and 
should    be    deeply    dug    and    generously    manured    with 


well  rotted  stable  or  farm  manure  before  plaQting,-Ti''If  - 
the  cordons  are  trained  vertically,  the  trellis  would  need 
to  be  6i  feet  or  7  feet  liigh.  Rather  let  the  trees  be 
trained  obliquely  at  an  angle  of  45°,  running  from  north 
to  south,  and  the  cordons  trained  in  the  same  direction. 
Cordon  trees  trained  and  grown  in  rows  succeed  very 
well.  They  should  be  planted  16  inches  apart  in  the 
rows,  the  rows  being  6  feet  apart.  The  following  succeed 
well  when  grown  as  cordons  :  Apples,  Pears.  Gooseberries. 
Currants  (red  and  white,  not  black),  Bas])berries,  Logan- 
berries, Blackberries.  The  Currants  and  Gooseberries 
would  be  cordons  and  planted  the  same  distance  ajiart  as 
Apples.  The  Raspberries,  Loganberries  and  Black- 
berries should  be  trained  fan-shaped,  spreading  out  the 
branches.  The  Raspberries  should  be  planted  4  feet 
apart  and  the  Loganberry  and  Blackberry,  5  feet.  Larger 
fruit  and  better  quality  Apples  and  Pears  are  grown  on 
cordons  than  on  bushes,  because  cordons  are  exposed  to 
a  larger  diffusion  of  sunshine,  warmth  and  air.  But 
taking  one  year  with  another  we  do  not  think  our  corres- 
pondent would  obtain  a  greater  weight  of  fiu.t  jtr  acre 
than  in  the  case  of  bushes. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

SEASHORE  SAND  AND  CLAY  SOIL  (E.  C..  Hants.).— 
A  moderate  amount  of  sand  mixed  with  clay  soil  has 
a  decided  advantage  in  a  mechanical  sense,  by  making 
the  latter  more  porous  and  therefore  easier  to  work,  and 
also  in  the  sense  that  rain,  warmth  and  uir  have  a  freer 
access  into  the  soil,  with  the  result  of  adding  much  to  its 
fertility.  As  long  as  it  is  not  taken  from  a  tidal 
area,  where  it  is  saturated  daily  with  brine,  we  think  a 
moderate  application  of  sand  from  dry  banks  to  clay  soils 
would  be  beneficial  to  the  growth  of  Potatoes  (seaweed  is) 
and  all  the  Cabbage  tribe,  also  Asparagus. 

THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  DAISIES  ON  A  LAW  N 
(K.  E.  T.). — Sulphate  of  ammonia  may  be  mixed  with 
fine  sand  and  sown  over  the  lawn  in  moist,  but  not  very 
wet  weather.  This  ought  to  kill  the  Daisies.  Sulphate 
of  ammonia  can  be  purchased  from  any  good  seedsman  or 
horticultural  sundriesman  or  it  may  be  obtained  from  a 
gas  works. 

NAMES  OF  PLANTS.— C.  W.,  Grayshott.— Sempervivum 

arboreum. W.    A.    B.,    Northampton. — Sprekelia   for- 

mosissima. 1.    S.,    Kelso. — Garrya  elliptica. E.   T., 

Herts. — 1.    Thuya    dolabrata;  2.   Anchusa  sempervirens; 

3.    Cupressus  obtusa.   var.  nana. G.   H.  P.,  Staffs. — 

Pittosporum  tenuifolium. 


SOCIETIES 


THE    FRENCH    CHRYSANTHEMUM    CONGRESS,    1921. 

Owing  to  interruption  by  the  war,  the  Annual  Congress, 
organised  by  the  Soci6t6  Frangaise  des  Chrysanth^mistes, 
have  not  been  held  since  the  one  in  Ghent  in  1913.  There 
isafeelingonthepart  of  the  organisers  of  the  1921  Congress 
that  the  renewal  of  these  Congresses  should  be  signalised 
by  an  International  re-union  of  Clu'ysanthemum  growers 
and  admirers.  The  town  chosen  is  Le  Mans,  where  the 
local  societies  have  agreed  to  join  hands  in  making  the 
Congress  and  accompanying  show  a  great  success.  The 
prize  list  is  a  liberal  one.  A  very  friendly  desire  has  been 
expressed  by  those  who  have  the  details  in  hand  that 
English  grovvers  of  Chiysanthemums  should  be  represented 
and  a  very  cordial  welcome  is  promised.  If  any  readers 
of  The  G\rden  are  interested  1  shall  be  glad  to  give  any 
farther  particulars  that  may  be  required. — C.  Harman 
Payne,  Foreign  Secn-tary  National  Chrysanthemum 
Society,  195,  Welimeadow  Road,  Catford,  S.E.6. 

"  LE     CHRYSANTHEME." 

The  January  issue  of  this  publication  is  unusually  inter- 
esting. From  it  we  learn  that  the  Societe  Frangaise 
des  Chrysanth6mistes  is  gradually  but  surely  regaining 
its  pre-war  condition  of  prosperity.  We  notice  the 
membership  roll  is  now  723  inclusive  "of  seventy  affiliated 
societies.  The  new  Momm6ja  prize  of  200frs.  for  the 
encouragement  of  new  seedling  raisers  has  been  awarded 
to  Madame  Martin,  who  gained  fourteen  first-clfss 
certificates  during  the  past  season.  Among  other  items 
of  news  are  the  particulars  of  the  twenty-first  annual 
Congress  of  the  Society  to  be  held  next  November.  It 
is  very  regrettable  that  the  proposed  issue  of  the  "  Camet 
des  Couleurs "  cannot  at  present  be  undertaken  owing 
to  increased  cost  of  paper  and  printing.  This  proposed 
work  is  really  a  pocket  edition  of  the  '*  Repertoire  de 
Coleurs  '*  published  some  years  ago  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Society.  A  list  of  the  best  varieties  shown  at  the 
last  Paris  Show  reveals  the  fact  that  they  are  mainly 
varieties  of  English  origin. 


TBADB     NOTE. 

Wheldon  and  Wesley,  Ltmited. — Readers  interested 
in  old  botanical  and  horticultural  books  may  like  to 
know  that  the  firms  of  John  Wheldon  and  Co.,  of  38, 
Great  Queen  Street,  W.C,  and  William  Wesley  and  Son, 
23,  Essex  Street,  Strand.  W.C,  have  amalgamated  and 
are  formed  into  a  limited  liability  company. 


PUBLICATIONS    RECEIVED. 

"  The  Handy  Book  on  Pruning,  Grafting  and  Budding," 
by  James  Udale.  Published  by  W.  and  H.  Smith, 
Limited,  Evesham;    price  2s.  6d.  net. 

"  The  Journal  of  Pomology."  February,  1921  ;  edited  by 
E.  A.  Bunyard,  F.L.S.  'Published  by  George  Bunyard 
and  Co.,  Limited,  Maidstone ;    price  3s.  6d. 


Makch  12,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


BEGONIAS 

In  superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding. 


T/-    per  dozen  SO  -  per  lUO 
5  6    „        ,,      40/-    „     ,, 
4/6    „        ,,     30/-    ,,     ,, 
3/6   ,,         ,,      24/-    ,,     „ 


Doubles,  in  8  colours,  flowers  liUe  large  Roses  and  Camellias 
Doubles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,  ,,  .,        1,  n 

Singles,  in  (3  colours,  very  large  fine  shaped  flowers 
Singles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,         ,,         ,,  ,1 

Collection  of  36  large  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15/- 
Send  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations, 
Delphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOW    IS    the:    best   time    to    plant    delphiniums. 

We  have  pleasure  in  offering  the  following  Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 

which  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  this  year : — 

Collection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kinds  for    ...     50/- 

Collection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds 40/- 

Collection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      20/-  and  30/- 

DELPHINIUM.  "Millicen-  Blackmore,"  Award  of  Merit,  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  July  1919.  Strong  ground  roots  of 
this  most  lovely  new  plant,  will  flower  well  this  year,  30,-  each.  Colour:  A  soft  combination  of  blue  and  mauve,  with 
black  centre.      SpiUes  of  perfect  form,  and  individual  pips  nearly  3  inches   across. 


CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

blackmore:     &     langdon 


BATH 


RITO  a  Prize  Winner 

A  user  writes  ; — 

"Through    using    Rito    this   year,    I    have 
won   10  Prizes  at   Horticultural   Shows." 

This    is   proof   that    RITO    produces   the    best.      Equally 
The' Rito  Smile  Suitable    for    all    garden    crops,    and    produces   rich    and 


Prices : 


fragrant   flowers. 
-1     cwt.    23  6,     i-cwt.    12/- 


^-cwt.    6/9,    14   lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 
SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

.Mttitlifnchtred  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  hy  The  Molassine  Comfany  I. til. .22.  Tunnel  Avenue.  Greennieh.  S.E.  10 


TOM  E.  KING,  Limited 

"  SEED     POTATOES." 
(See   Our  Advertisement    on    Page  ix.) 

Woodford  Allotment  Holdeks.  Limitkd. 

February  •12nd.  1921. 

Gevts.  —  With  reference  to  yours  of  January  24th, 
enclosing  quotation  for  Seed  Potatoes,  my  Committee  point 
out  your  prices  are  in  excess  of  other  quotations  received, 
but  being  so  satisfied  with  the  Seed  you  supplied  last  year 
and  the  year  before,  we  shall  prefer  to  trade  with  you 
again.  I  should  be  pleased  if  you  could  give  us  a  revised 
quotation.  F.  CJ.   Boteler  (Sec). 

Tom  E.  King.  Ltd.  

Barnstaple  Allotment  Association. 
Ton  E.  King,  Ltd. 

Sirs. — Enclosed  please  find  cheque,  £30  13s.  6d..  as  per 
account.  The  Committee  wish  to  thank  you  for  promptitude 
of  dispatch.  Another  year  we  shall  not  forget  where  to 
place  cur  or^fer.  H.   H.  Wauwick  iHnn.  Sec). 

TOM  E.  KING,  Limited,  Somersham,  Hunts. 

Contractors  to  His  Majesty's  Government. 

Planting  Calendar 
MARCH. 


Conditions  are  now  favourable  for  planting 
ROSES,  BUSH  FRUITS,  LOGANBERRIES, 
LAXTONBERRIES,  and  other  Hybrid  Berries, 
STRAWBERRIES,  HARDY  PERENNIALS,  ROCK 
PLANTS,  HARDY  CLIMBERS,  ORNAMENTAL 
TREES  &  SHRUBS,  RHUBARB,  ASPARAGUS, 

etc. 

We  have  good  stocks  of  all  the  above,  and  shall 
be  pleased  to  send  Illustrated  and  Descriptive 
Catalogues  on  application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    Catalogue. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed    Potato    Merchants,   YORK. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

New  Descriptive  Catalogue  ready,  free. 
SAXIFRAQA         Faldonside,    1/6         Sancta,    9d. 
„                     Elizabethae,   9d.  Paulinae,   1/6 

,,  Irvingii,    1/6  Squarrosa,   2/6 

FREDK.    G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 
ASHTEAD,     SURREY. 


Forbes'  1921  Catalogue 

Carnations.  Pelargoniums.  Pentstemons. 

Phloxes.         Florists'  Flowers. 
Hardy    Border    Perennials.  Seeds,    etc. 

FREE     ON    APPLICATION, 

JOHN  FORBES  (Hawick)  Limited,  The  King's 
Nurserymen,    Ha\vick,    Scotland. 


CAU  LI  FLOWER 


DANIELS' 


'  MAY     QUEEN.' 


The  fastest  Rrowing,  quicUest  heading  var  iety  in 
existence.  Ph^nted  in  March,  large  white  heads 
may  be  cut  durinR  May  and  June.  Autumn-sown 
plants,  3/6  per  100;  500  for  16/-.  Carriage  Paid, 
with  Cultural   Hints. 

DANIELS  &  SON,  Oept.  G.N.,  Wymondham,  Norfolk. 


CARNATIONS 

Why  pay  high  railway  rates? 

TRY     MY 

Parcel  Post  Collections. 


PLANTS  OUT  OF    li   INCH    POTS. 

20    in  20  varieties 20/- 

50    in  50  varieties  ...  ...     50/- 

100    in   100  varieties  ...100/- 

All    Free    by    Post. 


C.   ENGELMANN, 

Carnation   Grower, 
SAFFRON      \A/ALDEN. 


GREEN    HOLLIES. 

A     particularly     fine     lot     for     immediate     effect. 

5/6   feet,   6/7   feet,  7/8  feet  and  8/9  feet. 

Prices  per    dozen     and    hundred    on    application    to 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma    Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


ALPINE    AND   HERBACEOUS   PLANTS. 


Descriptive  Catalogue-Guide   for   1921. 

All  plants  carefully  described,  with  heights,  times 
of  flowering,  and  some  Cultural  Notes.      Write  : — 

MAXWELL     &    BEALE, 

BROADSTONE,     DORSET. 

CARNATIONS 

For   any  and   every    purpose,    but   you    must    plant 

BORDER    CARNATIONS 

now  for  best  results  this  season.  Our  stocks  are  simply 
magnificent,  and  we  have  all  the  best  varieties.  The  under- 
mentioned collections  are  available  at  carriage  and  packing 
paid  prices  : — 

Coll.  No.  le.— 6  dislinci  varieties,  12/- 

Coll.    No.    2c.— 12    distinct    varieties.    24/- 

Coll.  No.  3c.— 100  Plants  in  the   twelve   best  statdard 

;  varieties,  140/- 

Carrlage  and  packing  paid  for  cash. 

ALLWOODII. 

The  new  hardy  plant— half  Pink  and  half  Carnation.  They 
grow  anywhere  and  flower  perpetually  from  Spring  to 
Winter.  All  varieties  available  from  1/6  to  5/-  per  plant 
or  we  can  offer  the  undermentioned  collections  :~ 

;Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties.  11/- 

Coll.  No.2b.— 9  distinct  varieties  (including  3  noveIties).23/6 

Coll.   No.    3b.  — 12     distiact    varieties    (including     alt  6 

novelties),  40/- 

Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  cash. 

CULT  U'R  A  L  BOOK  LET,  6d.  post  free. 
FOR  THE  GREENHOUSE.— Wf  h.ive  magnificent  stocks  of! 
Perpetual  Flowering  Carnations  in  liin.  Puts— pLints  which  will 
mninieruc  (■>  hlnom  sh.Mti\.  unJ  continue  for  upwards  of  18  months. 
All  the  liest  varieties  from  35  -  per  dozen  Icarr  age  extra).  Younger 
slock  in  :.i.iin.  Puts  ready  from  April  onwards  from  15,'-  per  dozen 
(carriaHc  extra). 
Fully  Illustrated  Catalogue  gladly  sent  Post  Free  on  request. 

I  When  yoD  tbink  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


The  leading  CarDstioo  Raisers  sad  Specialists  io   the  World,  Depl.  4. 

HAYWARDS   HEATH.   SUSSEX 


VIU 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  12    1921. 


Potatoes  that  Maintain  their  Reputation 

Beware   of    Varieties   that   are  Merely   Popular 


»    S    a   second   early    King   George  V  merits 
l\        all  the  attention  that  ha?  been  bestowed 

/  %  upon  it.  During  the  past  year  it  has 
^-^^L  maintained  its  reputation,  and  is  perhaps 
*  M.  even  more  in  demand  than  it  was  before. 

It  is  an  excellent  varietj-,  a  good  cropper,  a  first- 
class  cooker  and  immune  from  wart  disease.  A 
new  variety  called  Ally  may  possibly  rival  King 
George  V  but  for  the  fact  that,  though  equally 
good  in  other  respects,  it  does  not  cook  so  well. 
When  boiled  it  has  a  tendency  to  turn  a  dark 
colour  at  one  end. 

Two  other  varieties  being  very  much  boomed 
at  the  moment  are  Great  Scot  and  Arran  Chief 
Great  Scot  is  rather  more  in  favour  than  Arran 
Chief,  perhaps  because  it  is  a  little  earlier  and 
immune  from  wart  disease.  Even  so  those  persons 
who  are  not  troubled  with  scheduled  areas  against 
the  disease,  and  like  a  late  variety,  incline  more 
towards  Arran  Chief.  Anyw'ay,  they  are  both  well 
in  the  fashion,  and  both  are  very  good  varieties. 
How  long  they  will  remain  "  very  good,"  whether 
they  will  long  maintain  themselves  in  fashion,  or 
how  soon  better  varieties  will  be  produced  is 
another  ^  matter.  Judging  by  the  number  of 
"  new  "  sorts  that  are  being  tried  and  the  efforts 
being  made  to  raise  new  varieties,  superior  sorts 
to  either  will  no  doubt  be  forthcoming  later  on. 
But  still  even  improved  varieties  may  not  succeed 
in  ousting  Great  Scot  and  Arran  Chief  very  easily. 
It  all  depends  upon  how  much  the  planting  of 
these  becomes  a  habit  of  mind,  and  it  rather  looks 
as  though  people  were  "  going  mad "  on  them, 
exaggerating  their  good  qualities,  with  eyes  shut 
on  any  other  sort.  We  all  remember  the  "  run  " 
there  was  on  the  Up-to-date,  lasting  as  it  did 
long  after  that  variety  had  got  past  its  best,  ami 
superior  sorts  had  been  produced. 

There  are  people  even  to-day  who  swear  bj'  an 
Up-to-date  as  a  maincrop  Potato.  An  attitude 
of  mind  stands  for  much  in  these  matters.  The 
oft-repeated  becomes  psychologically  a  habit  o1 
mind.  People  "  go  mad,"  as  it  were,  on  certain 
goods,  irrespective  cf  the  quality  so  long  as  the 
article  bears  the  name.  And  I  have  heard  scores 
of  people  so  speak  of  the  Up-to-date,  and  I  now 
hear  the  same  of  Great  Scot  and  Arran  Chief. 
It  would  not  be  right  to  say  that  these  two  sor.s 
had  had  their  "  day,"  because,  comparatively 
speaking,  they  are  of  recent  introduction.  When 
a  variety  is  rising  to  the  zenith  of  its  popularity 
it  is  difficult  to  change  public  opinion,  even  though 
a  superior  Potato  may  have  been  secured.  It  may 
be  enjoyable,  but  it  is  nevertheless  dangerous  to 
be  captured  by  a  popular  craze.  But  here  in  this 
matter  of  Potatoes  we  ought  really  to  be  much 
more  serious.  Booms  are  good  for  some  people, 
but  not  often  for  the  practical  man.  Now  thert- 
is  quite  a  craze  on  Great  Scot  and  Arran  Chief,  and 
somewhat  less  so  on  King  George  V.  All  are 
profitable  sorts,  and  King  George  V  can  be  recom- 
mended with  every  confidence.  I  doubt,  however, 
judging  from  present  results,  whether  Majestic 
will  not  prove  itself  a  serious  rival  of  Great  Scot 
if  given  a  fair  chance.  This  is  an  immune  variety, 
a  heavy  cropper,  and  an  excellent  cooker  of  fine 
flavour.  It  wojild  be,  I  should  think,  a  little 
later  than  King  George  V  and  a  little  earlier  than 
Great  Scot. 

The  trouble  with  many  apparently  firet-class 
sorts  is  that  they  are  all  right  so  long  as  grown 
by  the  seed-grower,  under  all  the  conditions 
necessary  to  develop  the  best  that  is  in  them. 
Many  Potatoes  are  merely  improvements  on  older 


varieties,  improved  by  being  grov\-n  under  ideal 
circumstances  and  fed  by  the  exact  amount  of 
the  right  kind  of  plant  food.  In  a  few  years,  after 
they  have  been  knocking  about  the  world  a  little 
and  grown  by  all  and  sundry,  they  begin  to  revert 
back  to  the  characteristics  of  the  old  stock.  A 
qualit\'  to  be  sought  after  in  any  new  variety  is 
power  to  retain  its  peculiar  characteristics  and 
the  qualities  by  which  it  is  made  popular.  Th< 
Up-to-date  succeeded  well  in  this. 

There  are  many  new  and  newer  varieties  being 
brought  to  the  fore  at  the  present  time,  and  if 
they  do  not  "  revert,"  should  provide  a  choice 
of  good  stuff  during  the  next  few  years.  Majestic 
has  already  been  mentioned,  the  only  question 
being  whether  it  will  maintain  the  good  qualities 
by  which  it  is  characterised.  There  are  others 
that  are  being  talked  of  a  great  deal,  including 
Ally,  a  second  early.  But  for  the  one  drawback 
mentioned  above — that  of  cooking  badly — this 
is  an  ideal  variety.  It  must  not  be  confused  with 
Allies,  a  late  variety  and  about  as  good  as  Northern 
Star. 

The  Magnificent,  raised  by  Mr.  Findlay,  is  a 
distinctive  sort,  a  second  early  with  an  upstanding 
habit  of  growth.  It  is  hardy  and  a  strong  grower. 
The  tubers  are  rather  round  and  flat,  rough  skinned, 
but  the  Potato  is  good.     It  is  a  wart  resister. 

Tinwald  Perfection,  raised  by  Mr.  Parish,  is  an' 
immune  variety  of  the  Up-to-date  type.  It  is 
very  good  and  being  widely  advertised.  All 
that  can  be  said  against  it  is  that  it  is  not  a  big 
cropper  and  when  cooked  the  flesh  is  rather  yellow. 

While  on  this  subject  I  would  like  to  call  attention 
to  a  not  widely  known  sort,  namely.  Golden  ^\■onder. 
This  variety  is  a  wart  disease  resister,  mottled  in 
colour  and  a  heavy  cropper ;  but  its  greatest 
attribute  is  its  quality  and  flavour.  It  is  not  a  new- 
variety. 

Another  good  immune  coloured  Potato  is  Edzell 
Blue.  If  it  were  not  for  the  prejudice  against 
olonr.  this  variety,  a  first  early,  should  be  much 


more  widely  known.  It  was  awarded  the  highest 
honour  at  Ormskirk  in  1917,  and  is  altogether  a 
good  Potato.  Kerr's  Pink,  a  late,  is  to  my  mind 
not  worth  growing ;  and  King  Edward,  too. 
has  had  its  day  with  me,  both  as  regards  qualitv 
of  tuber  and  flavour.  A  good  variety  that  I 
have  not  mentioned  is  Conquest,  one  that  is  readv 
to  dig  about  August.  In  quality  Edward  VII 
never  has  touched  it,  and  it  cannot  be  beaten 
even  by  Arran  Chief.  Rector  is  a  late  extra- 
ordinarily heavy  cropper  and  of  first-class  flavour 
and  the  best  resister  of  wart  disease.  Unfortu- 
nately it  is  coloured,  and  there  are  not  many  of 
them  about.  L.  M.  Mahshait. 


Testimonial  to  Mr.  F.  Jordan.— Mr.  p. 
Jordan,  late  Hallkeeper,  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  wishes  to  thank  his  many  friemls  who 
so  generously  contributed  to  the  testimoaial 
presented  to  him  on  February  22,  1921.  He  also 
takes  the  opportunity  of  thanking  the  Council 
and  Staff  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  for 
the  handsome  arm  chair ;  a' so  Mr.  Bissett  for  all 
th  ■  trouble  he  has  taken  in  the  matter. 


BATLiSS,  dQ/1E5 

ANDBAYUS5.LTD. 


>^  WOLVERHAMPTON.^ 

LONDON  OFFICES  CANNON  SIE.f. 


PORTABLE 
AND 

EXTENSIBLE 
TO    ANY 
LENGTH 


^ne 


SEcrroTML 
GAPDETs^  FRAME 


DAMP 

DRIP 

AND 

DRAUGHT 

PROOF 


O' 


^N  all  points  the  Slade  Frame  scores — in  value  and  price 
it's  unbeaten.  It  does  the  same  work  as  the  clumsy 
brick  built  frame  but  it  can  be  moved  about,  taken  to 
pieces  and  reassembled  at  will.  It's  perfectly  proof  against 
draught,  damp,  vermin,  etc.,  and  conserves  maximum  quantity 
of  natural  heat.  In  Booklet  B.  you  will  find  further  interesting 
particulars — why  not  write  for  it  ? 


PRICES 

Type  A. —  S  ngle 
frame,  two  li,^hts, 
size  4  ft.  by  .T  ft.  by 
1.5  in.  by  9  in.,  as 
illustrated. 

£2     9     6 


Type  A.—  Double 
frame,  four  lights, 
size  S  ft.  by  3  ft.  by 
15  In.  by  9  in. 

£4     13     0 


ALL  FRAMES  are 
sent  carriage  forward 
at  consignee's  risk. 


lEr    THIS     BOOK 

"Cultivation  by 
Movable  Frames" 

Byr 
Hkhbert   Cowlev 

Editor  of 
■  THE    GARDES." 

1  /-    Post    Free 


THE 


35. 


SLADE      SYNDICATE      LTD. 

Directors:    E.  J.   W.  SLADK  &   .M.  W.   SLAIIE 

SURREY    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON.    W.C.2. 


March  12,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


32nd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Post    Free,    or    carriage    paid    passenger    train.        Packing    free,    no    delay.        24/-    worth    for   20/-.      Lots    can    be 
divided.       Please  add   4d.   extra  for  orders   under   3  -,   to    help    meet    high    rate   of    postage.        Cash    with    order. 
Plant    now    for    success.      Splendid    strong,    hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year.^ 


HARDY     PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Achillea,  The  Pearl,  double  white,  8,  1/4.  Achillea,  Perry's 
White,  G,  1/6.  Achillea,  New  Ctirise  Queen,  4,  1/4.  Agros- 
temma,   Flos  joirs,  Crimson,   6,   1/4.     Alyssum   compactum, 


rockery,  etc.,  masses  deep  sentian  blue,  3,  1/6.  Aconitum 
Fiseheri,  rich  blue,  enormous  blooms,  3, 1/6.  Anemone  japonica, 
white  or  pink,  4,  1/6.  Aquilegia,  lonj;  spurred,  U'-w  art  shad-s 
and  pure  yellow,  6,  1/4.  Aquilegia,  double  ami  ^iu'^l' 'mi\;'il, 
12,  1/6.  Arabis,  double  white,  6,  1/4.  Aubrietia,  iaa^s"s  ricli 
purple,  12,  1/6.  Auricula,  alpine  and  show,  6,  1/6.  Aster, 
perennial,  best  named,  3,  1/6.  Aster,  perennial,  uood  mixed, 
6,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  stroma,  bushy,  autumn  sown  and  t^an^- 
planted,  new  large  flowering,  lovely  colours,  separate  or  mixed, 
6,  1/4. 

Brompton  Stocks,  all  colours,  6,  1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  rooted  cuttings,  best  named,  for 
house  or  garden,  summer,  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  any  colour 
or  mixed,  6,  1/4.  Campanulas,  dwarf  carpatica,  masses  of 
bloom,blueorwhite,4,l/4.  Campanula  per^icitolia  andgrandis, 
tall,  4,  1/4.  Campanula  Wahli'nbergia,  large  Clematis-flowered, 
4,-1/4.    Campanula  macrantha,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4.    Cam- 


6,  1/4.  Pinks,  Mrs.  Simkins,  4, 1/4.  Pinks,  coloured,  fragrant, 
12, 1/6.  Pinks,  Japanese,  large  fringed,  12, 1/6.  Polemonium, 
bluf,  6,  1/4.  Phlox,  large  flowering,  best  named,  pink,  salmon, 
scarlet,  white,  crimson,  purple,  white  and  cerise,  u,  1/6  ;  mixed, 
4,    1/4.     Polyanthus,   Kelway]^s   border,  6,  1/4.     Polyanthus, 

orwhite, 
double 
clumps, 
and  damp, 
hady  places,  many  beautiful  colours,  assorted,  4,  1/4.  Pent- 
stemon,  scarlet  and  large  flowering  varieties,  6.  1/6.  Paeonies 
lariie  pink,  crimson,  white,  yellow,  2, 1/4.  Pyrethrum,  Kelway's 
IiybrUW,  6,  1/6. 

Ribbon  Qrass,  variegated,  6,  1/4.  Rose  of  Sharon,  4,  1/4, 
Rose  Campion,  crimson.  12,  1/6.  Rosemary  bushes,  3,  1/6. 
Rocket,  sw'<t,  6,  1/4.  Rudbeckia  Newmanii,  6,  1/6.  Rud- 
beckia,  golden  ball,  double  6.  1/4. 

Salvia  praten^is.'ipikes  purple,  4, 1/4.  Saponaria  ocymolues 
pink  dwarf,  6,1/4.  Saxifraga choice  assorted, 6, 1/6.  Sedums, 
choice  assorted,  6,  1/4.  Scabious,  sweet,  double,  8, 1/4.  Scabious 
Caucisica,  large  mauve,  3,  1/6.  Shasta  Daisy,  white,  6,  1/4. 
Silene  compacta,  dwarf  pink,  15,  1/6.  Solidago,  Golden  Wings, 
6,  '1/6.  Stachys,  Lamb's-wool,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  Williams, 
Kelway's  Pink  Beauty  and  Scarlet  Beauty,  6,  1/4.  Sweet 
William  Diadem,  auricular  eyed  and  good  mixed,  12, 1/6,  Star 
of  Bethlehem,  6,  1/4. 

Trollius    early  golden  globe  flower,  6,  1/6.     Thistle  Queen 


GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN. 

We  Guarantee  all  Seed  sold  as  Scotch  to  be  Direct  'from 
Scotland  this  Season.  The  Scottish  Board  of  Agriculture 
Certificate  Number  will  be  given  with  alt  Scotch  Seed  Orders. 

IMMUNES,  SCOTCH. 

1121b.  56lb. 

Dargill  Early 32/  17/ 

Witch  Hill         40/  21/ 

Arran  Rose      25/  13/ 

Edzell  Blue       25/  13/ 

Qreat  Scot        24/  13/ 

Ally 24/  13/ 

King  George 20/  11/ 

Arran  Comrade  24/  13/ 

The  Bishop      32/  17/ 

Majestic 24/  13/ 

Arran  Victory         .  .      .  .  24/  13/ 

Kerr's     Pink 24/  13/ 

Lochar        24/  13/ 

Templar 24/  13/ 

Qolden  Wonder      ..      ..  24/  13/ 

Langworthy 24/  13/ 

Abundance        24/  13/ 

Tinwald  Perfection  24/  13/ 

K.  of  K."  (Eaglish)    ..  50/  26/ 


Sf r!^?,^"^;:!±•  '."??r "A,':;irHX^jlirr7^ 'r  rJnl'    of  scots,  from  th/oPiglaal  at  FotheringaV  Castlo.  3, 1/4.    Thalic- 


plants,  blue  or  white,  3, 1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  lovely  hybrid 
12,  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells,  double  pink,  white  and  blue,  6,  1/4. 
Canterbury  Bells,  cup  and  saucer,  6,  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells, 
lovely  lafize  pink  or  white  singles,  12,  1/6.  Candytuft,  perennial, 
4,  1/4.  Carnation  Grenadin,  scarlet  or  white  or  mixed,  good, 
6,  1/6.  Carnation  Margaret,  fine  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Carnation, 
good  double  border,  all  colours,  separate,  6,  1/6.  Csntaurea 
raontana,  Ur^e  perennial  Cornflower,  blue  or  white,  6,  1/4. 
Cerastium,  snow  in  summer,  12,  1/6.  Cheddar  Pinks,  true, 
6.  1/4.  Christmas  Rdses,  large  roots,  2,  1/4.  Chrysanthe- 
mum maximum,  ATrs.  L.  B''ll,  market  favourite,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Chinese  Pinks,  lovely  colours,  12,  1/6,  Cistus,  rock  ro^e, 
C,  1/4.  Careopsis  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Cornflowers,  Kelway's 
double  blue,  12,  1/4.  Cowslips,  red  hybrids,  6,  1/4.  Crucia- 
nella,  pink  rockery,  etc.,  8,  1/4. 

Dactylis,  silver  ribbon  grass,  6,  1/4.  Daisies,  newMoastrosa, 
enormous  double  red  orwhite,  12, 1/4.  Dalphinium  formi^um 
anl  fin -st  hybrids,  3,  1/6.  Dianthus  deltoides,  creeping, 
crira-on,  6,  1/4.  Dianthus,  Kelway*s  lovely  nimcd  vari.-ties, 
separate  colours  or  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Dielytra  spc^tabilis,  bleeding 
-heart,  2,   1/9. 

Eccremocarpus,  orange  flowered  climber,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron 
stenactes),  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron,  new  Quakeress,  flue, 
3,  1/6.  Erigeron,  niw  l.ir^e  salmnu,  2,  1/6.  Eupatorium, 
white,  6,  1/4.  Evening  Primrose,  tall,  6,  1/4.  Evening 
Primrose,  dwarf,  4,  1/4. 

Forget-me-nots,  b^st  large  flowering  dwarf,  dark  or  light 
blue,  15,  1/4.  Foxgloves,  purple,  white,  spotted,  etc.,  12,  1/4. 
French  Marguerites,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.  Fuchsia,  hardy 
crimson  bu-^h,  4,  1/6, 


NON-IMMUNE5,   SCOTCH 


trum,  hardy  Maiden  Hair,  4,  1/4.  Thrift,  compact,  pink 
flowering,   12,  1/6.     Tritoma,   Red-hot  Poker,  3,  1/4. 

Verbascum,  taiv  ye  (low,  4,  1/4.  Verbascum,  dwarf,  lovely 
colours,  6,  1/6.  Valerian,  red,  6,  1/4.  Veronica,  beautiful 
blue,  6,  1/6.  Viola  cornuta,  gem  for  rockery,  white,  mauve, 
purple,  blue,  12,  1/6.  Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  yellow,  white, 
blue,  purple,  12,  1/6.  Viola  Mjggie  Mott,  large  mauve  rooted 
cuttings,  6,  1/4. 

Wallflowers,  red,  golden,  bronze,  purple,  ruby,  pink-'brown 
100,  3/- ;  503,  10/-. 

HARDY     FLOWERING     SHRUBS. 

Large  bushes  (not  less  than  four  can  be  sent).  1/9  each. 

Dsutzta,  pink  or  white.  Spireea,  pink  or  white.  Cotone- 
aster  horizontalis  and  Simon^ii.  Forsythia,  early  yellow. 
Quelder  Rase,  Snowball.  Laburnum.  Lilac,  red  or  white. 
L^urastinus.  Maidenhair  Tree.  Ribes,  Red  or  Golden 
Flowering  Currant.  Veronica  Travers.  Phlomis,  Jerusalem 
Sago, 

STRONG    LARGE    HARDY    CLIMBERS. 

Clematis  \italba,  Traveller's  Joy,  1,  2/-.  Clematis  montana, 
largt;,  tarly,  white,  1,  2/6.  Jasmine,  yellow,  winter  and  spring, 
1,  2/6.  kerria  japonica,  early  yellow,  1,  2/6.  Honeysuckle, 
Japanese,  variegated,  1,  2/-.  Virginian  Creeper,  1,  2/-. 
Pyru3  japonica,  early  crimson,  1,  2/6. 

STRONG  VEGETABLE  AND  HERB  PLANTS. 

Spring  Cabbage,  winter  Onions,  Lettuce,  LeeKS,  Pickling 
Cabbage,  100,  1/9.  Chives,  perennial  Onions,  20,  1/4. 
Qaillardia  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Qalega,  Goafs-rue,  mauve  or  Asparagus,  Kelway's  giant,  etc.,  strong  two  year  root?,  50,  4/- ; 
white,  6,  1/4.'  Qeum  Mrs.  Bradshaw  (two  year  old),  2,  1/4.  100  7/-.  Rhubarb,  best  named  red  varieties,  6,1/4.  Sea  Kale 
Qeum  Glory,  double  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Gladiolus,  best  named,  12,  1/9.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint.  Marjoram,  6,  1/4.  Parsley,  best 
large  bulbs,  scarlet,  white,  pink,  flame,  yellow,  salmon,  maroon,  curled,  12,  1/4.  Cauliflower  strong  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
violet,  blue  and   splendid   new  hybrids.   6,    1/4.    Qypsophila    planted  in  frames  for  earlv  use.  20    1/4' 

t^lttm.  "oy^'^'ophiVa  RoSTfk  "■'plak.Ti'/f '"  <^^""         SPLENDID  STRONG  TRANSPtANTED  PLANTS  FOR 

Helenium     Bi^</lowi,    Hooperii,    autumnal,    etc.,    6,     1/4,  COOL   HOUSE, 

Helenium   Riverton  Gem  and  Beauty,  4,  1/6.    Helianthus,  Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.    Aralia  Fi'.^ 

perennial  Sunflower,  double  or  single,  12,  1/6.    Hemerocalfis,  Palm,  3,  1/4.    Asparagus  Fern,  trailing,  3,  1/6.    Asparagus 


Myatt's  Ashleaf      ..      ..     40/     '   21/      11/  6/  3/6 

May  Queen       40/         21/       11/  6/  3/6 

Duke  of  York  .  .      .34/         18/         9/6         6/3         3/ 

Midlothian  Early   .  .      .  .     34/         18/         9/6         5/3         3/ 

Ninetyfold         32/        17/        9/  5/  3/ 

Puritan       32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Sharpe's  Express  . .      . .     25/        13/6      7/6        4/3        2/8 
Sir  John  Llewellyn       ..     25/         13/6      7/6         4/3         2/6 

Early  Eclipse 25/        13/6      7/6        4/3        2/6 

Epicures 22/         12/         7/  4/  2/6 

Sharpe's  Victor       ..      ..21/         11/6      6/6         3/6         2/3 

Early  Rose        21/         11/6      6/6         3/6         2/3 

Ringleader         21/         11/6      6/6         3/6         2/3 

Pink  Hebron 21/         11/6      6/6         3/6         2/3 

Eating  Potatoes  10/         — 

British  Queen 25/        13/        7/  4/  2/6 

Up-to-Date       25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Chief     22/         11/6      6/6         4/  2/6 

Dalhousie 22/         11/6       6/6         4/  2/6 

Iron  Duke         22/        11/6      6/6        4/  2/6 

THE   EARLY   NON-IMMUNE  COLLECTION. 

3Ub.    each    Myatt's    Ashleaf,    Sharpe's    Express, 

Midlothian   Early,  Early  Rose, 

The  CoUectlon,  10/-.     Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE    EARLY    IMMUNE   COLLECTION. 

3 Jib.  each  Dargill  Early,  Arran  Rose,  Witch  Hill, 

Edzell  Blue. 

The  CoUecllon,  10/-.     Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE    SECOND    EARLY    AND    MAINCROP     IMMUNE 

COLLECTION. 

3ilb.  each  "  K.  of  K.,"  Arran  Comrade,  Majestic, 

The  Bishop. 

The  CoUectlon,  11/-.    Double  Quantity,  21/-. 

No  variety  can  be  substituted.    All  collections  are  packed 

in  separate  bags,  correctly  named,  and  delivered  to  your  door 

in  one  parcel,  carriage  paid,  by  passenger  train.    All  Seeds  In 

the    above    collection    are    Scotch,    except    Early    Rose    and 

■■  K.  of  K." 


iSlb. 

141b. 

9/ 

5/ 

11/ 

6/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

6/ 

3/6 

7/ 

4/ 

9/ 

5/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

14/ 

8/ 

11/ 

6/ 

11/ 

6/ 

9/6 

5/3 

9/6 

5/3 

9/ 

5/ 

9/ 

5/ 

7/6 

4/3 

7/6 

4/3 

7/6 

4/3 

7/ 

4/ 

6/6 

3/6 

6/6 

3/6 

6/6 

3/6 

6/6 

3/6 

7/ 

4/ 

7/ 

4/ 

6/6 

4/ 

6/6 

4/ 

.      6/6 

4/ 

71b. 

3/ 

3/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

3/ 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

2/6 

5/ 


lar^e  flowering,  yellow  and  o  ran  tie  red  Lily,  4,  1/4.     Heuchera 
sanauinea.  scarlet,  4,  1/4.     Hollyhock,  Kelway's  doubles,  4, 1/6. 


Fern  Plumosus  erect,  2,  1/9.     Begonias,  Salmon  Queen,  Rose 
Queen,  Crimson    magnifaca   and  scarlet  Prima  Donna,  4,  1/4. 


Hollyhock,  single,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.     Honesty,  crimson  or  Beauty  Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4.     Calceolarias,  herba- 

white,  12,  1/6.     Hypericum  St.  John  Wort.,  6,  1/6.  ceous,  very  good,  6,   1/6.     Cannas  Crozy's  splendid  hybrids, 

Iceland  Poppy,  Excelsior  strain,  6,1/4    Incarvillea.large  rich  4,  1/6.    Celsia  critlca,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4.     Cineraria, 

carmine,  3,  1/6.     Iris,  Luge  flowered  Japanese,  4,  1/4.     Iris,  large  exhibition,  6,  1/4.     Cyclamen,  very  choice  strain,  3,  1/6. 

large  flair,  splendid  large  flowering  white,  mauve,  blue,  purple.  Eucalyptus,    blue    gum,    6,    1/4.     Fuchsia,    choice    doubles 

yellow,  4,  1/6;    nuxed,  6,  1/6  assorted,  4, 1/6.    Geraniums,  scented  Oak  leaf,  3,  1/6.     Helio- 

Kniphofia,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/4.  trope,  large  fragrant,  4,  1/6.     Lobelia  cardinalis  Queen  Vlotoria, 

Lavender  bu'^hes,  English,  3,  1/4.     Lilies,  hardy  Tiger,  3, 1/4.  scarlet    spikes,    bronze    foliage,    4,    1/6.     Lobelia    cardinalis, 

Lily  of  the  Valley,  large,  6,  1/4.     Linum,  blue  perennial  Flax,  beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.     Marguerites,  large  wliite,  6,  1/6. 

8,  1/4.     Linaria  dalmatica,  yellow,  6,  1/4.     Lobelia  cardinali'^.  Marguerites,  largo  yellow,  6,  1/6.     Marguerites,  lovely  blue, 

hybrids,   6,    1/6.     Lobelia   cardinalis.   Queen   Victoria,  4,   1/4.  6,  1/4.     Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  red  or  white,  6,  1/4.     Primula 

London  Pride,  rockery,  6, 1/4.  Lupins  polyphyllus,  white,  blue,  obconica,  lovely  newgiant  hybrids,3, 1/4.     Primula  malacoides, 

6,  1/4.     Lupin,  pink,  4,  1/4.     Lupin  Tree,  yellow  or  white,  lovely  mauve,  4  1/4.     Primula  cortusoldes,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 

3,   1/4.    Lupins,   nuxed   colours,   12,   1/6.    Lychnis,  scarlet,  Primula  japonica,  rich  crimson,  4,  1/4.    Primula  Kewensls, 


salmon,  crimson,  6,  1/4. 

Musk,  hardv  scarlet,  6,  1/4.  Monarda  Cambridge,  scarlet, 
3,  1/4.     Montbretia,  brilliant  spikes,  12,  1/6. 

r^epeta  Mussini  fCat  Mint),  6,  1/6. 

Periwinkle,  large  blue,  6,  1/6.  Pansies,  splended  large 
flowering  Bugnot's  Superb,  Bismarck,  Britannia,  Masterpiece, 
Cassiers,  Odiers,  etc.,  12,  1/4.     Pansies,  bedding  white,  yellow. 


bright  yellow,  4.  1/4.  Primula  Bulleyana,  orange  red,  4,  ]/4, 
Primula  pulvendenta,  crimson  shades,  4,  1/4.  Rehmannia, 
large  pink  trumpet,  3,  1/6.  Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet, 
4.  1/6.  Salvia  coccinea,  brilliant  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Mother  of 
Thousands,  hanging,  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus  Wisctoniensts,  6, 
1/4.  Smilax,  tra.iling,  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  large  new 
liybriils,    4.    1/4.     Primula   rosea   grandiflora,    lovely,    1,    1/-. 


blue,  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden.  12,  1/4.     Papaver  Oriental  Streptocarpus,    lovely    Cape    Primrose,    many    rich    colours. 

Queen,  Apricot  Queen,  Salmon,  etc..  6,  1/6.     Papaver  Oriental,  large  tubular  blossoms,  cverfn^en  perennial,  almost  perpetual 

scarlet  and  crimson.  6,  1/4.     Passion,  hardy  blue  and  white,  flowering,  a   gem   for  pots,   3,    1/6. 

3j  1/6.     Peas,  Everlasting,  red,  pink,  white,  4,  1/4.     Physalis,  Tomato     plants,     strong,     sturdy,     transplanted,     market 

giant  Capa  Gooseberry,  6,  1/4.     Pinks,  favourite  double  white,  favourites.  Sunrise,  etc.,  6,  1/6. 

CATALOGUE       FREE:. 

MRS.   PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH, 


HORTICULTURAL 

MANURES 

1121b. 

581b.       281b. 

141b. 

71b. 

Basic  Slag,  30  %    . .      ..     12/ 

6/6      3/6 

2/ 

1/3 

Superphosphate,  30  %. .     13/ 

7/         4/ 

?'S 

1/6 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia        40/ 

20/       10/ 

5/6 

3/ 

Potash  (Kainit)       . .      . .     32/ 

16/         8/ 

4/6 

2/6 

All  Round  Manure       . .     24/ 

12/         6/ 

3/6 

2/ 

(Our  Own  Ml.\lng.) 

CARRIAGE    PAID    PASSENQER    RATES. 

Seeds  and  Manures  can  be  sent  carriage  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included.  It  Is  much  clieaper  to  send  any  weight 
up  to  281b.  by  passenger  than  goods. 
71b.  ' " 
Up  to  30  miles  . .  . .  1  / 
Up  to  50  miles  . .  . .  1  / 
Up  to  100  miles  . .  . .  1  / 
Up  to  200  miles  . .  . .  1/ 
Over    200  miles       ....       1  / 

Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  dcUverv 
Send  for  our  Illustrated  List,  a  complete  guide  to  Potato 
Growing.    It  will  interest  you. 


141h. 

281b. 

661b. 

1121b, 

1/4 

1/9 

2/4 

3/3 

1/6 

1/11 

2/6 

4/3 

1/7 

2/1 

3/6 

6/3 

1/9 

2/4 

4/6 

8/4 

1/11 

2/11 

5/10 

10/4 

Contractor    to    His    Majesty's    Government. 


X. 


THE     GARDEN, 


;\Iarch 


INSECT     PESTS. 


Cases  of  specimens  showing; 

Injurious     and     Useful     Insects 

of  the  Garden  and  Orchard.  Every  species  is 
named  and  the  nature  of  the  injury  or  good  they  do 
stated.  Very  useful  for  Gardeners  and  others 
who  want  to  readily  id-ntify  the  more  important 
Insect  Pests. 

SET    No.     1. 
In  glass-topped  case,  9in.  hy  7in.      ...     Price  12/6 

SET    No.     2. 

Showing  twice  the  number  of  species,  and  many 
additional  larval  forms.  In  two  glass-topped 
cases     Price  24/- 


BU  LBS 


RAY    PALMER,    F. 

Economic   Entomologist^ 
"  INGLEHOLME,"      NORTON      WAY, 

LETCHWORTH. 

ASPARAGUS. 

Now  is  the  best  time  for  planting.  We  can  offer 
Strong  two  years'  of  Giant  and  French  Argenteuil, 
15/-  per  100,  three  years'  ditto,  20/-  per  100. 
Carriage  by  Passenger  Train  extra. 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


NEPETA    MUSSINI.    glorious    lavender    Hower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII.    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE   and   ROCK.    PLANTS   for   any  given   aspect, 

10/6  ;  all  carriage  paid.    Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAU  DEVI  N, 

WILLASTON,    BIRKENHEAD. 


PLANTS 


For   Spring,   1921. 


All     of     the     Finest     Quality 


The   Catalogue  of  above  will  be 

sent,    post    free,    on    application 

to  their  Offices  at 

Overveen,     Haarlem, 
HOLLAND. 


Eggs 
Chicks 


Ar        From  High  Fecur  d  Layers  of  First-grade 


Eggs  mated   to   Mate   B  rds  bred  from 
dams  with  pullet  year  records  200  &  over 


Ready  to  lay 

=^^without  delay.  No  tarring 

-no  painting-no  bother  at 

all.       Lontr  lasting  —  time  and 

weatherproof -clean  to  handle  -far 

better  than  tarred  felt.      Of  Hardwar* 

Merchants  everywhiT*?. 

SAMPLES     The  Ruberoid  Co..  Lt^. 
FrF.E.  iDpt.S).  Sl.Kniiihtride.  bt..h..C. 


HEATING    APPARATUS, 


Specially     suitable      for 
(jreenhouses.       Motor 

Houses:,  etc. 

Send  for  fi  ee  Illustrated 

I  ist    "  G."    of     Boilers 

of  various  kinds.  Pipes. 

Fitti   gs.  Coils,  etc. 


T,  JEAVONS,  Silver  Street  Workg, 
BRIERLEY     HILL. 


You,    Your     Friend,    and     Your     Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss 
the    Important  and    Beautiful  Numbers  of 

THE  GARDEN 

that  are   to  appear  during  this  year. 


White  Leghorns.    Light  Sussex. 


Egss  12  6.  15,6.  Chit ks  3 1 /- per  d  I. 

A  limited  numbercof  Eggs  fiom  Special  Bird;.     30,  -  &  42  -  per  doz. 

G.GORDON  GRAY,  LTD.,,Deansbrook  P.F.,  Thaxted,  Essex. 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS     K08ES.    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS. 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES.    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY  MONDAY    WEDNESDAY  &  FRIDAY    bv 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 

67     &    68,     CHEAPSIDE,     E.G. 2 

Catalogues  on  Application.  


'C/ie  surest   and  simplest    way  of  promptly  securing  a 
copy  of  every  issue  is    to  fill  up  the  form  printed  helow. 


; CUT   HERE.   

To  Messrs 

Newsagents, 
or  The  Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,  London,  W.C.2. 
Please    send    me,     by    Post,    "The    Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.O. 

for being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 

Name 

Address  

19 

Inland  Subscription,  Foreign  and  Colonial  Subscriptions,   17/4  per  annum;    6  months.  8  8,  including  Postage. 


PRODUSO* 


From  :  — 

SEEDSMEN  and 
NURSERYMEN 

or  direct. 
TINS  9d.  EACH  (1/3   post  f.ee). 

7:b..l4ib., 281b. .361b.,  Icwt.  b.igs 
3,'-,  5/9,  9/6,  17/6,  30/-  each. 

Bags  Free,  Carriage  Paid. 
HUNTER  &  GOW  LTD..  28.  THOMAS  ST,  LIVERPOOL. 


THE  FINEST 
&  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
FERTI  LIZER 
FOR   ALL    CROPS. 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDE 

OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAP 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  41b.  and  71b.  tins. 

All    Packages    bear    M.iler's    name,    and    the    public    -ire 
cautioned  when  orderins  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 

OGSTON     &     TEN  N  ANT,     LTD., 

Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


March   12,   1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


^ow 


Lawn 


AND 


!Z^^^fijR 


1 


THE     PIONEERS     OF     ALL     THAT 
IS      BEST       IN      LAWN      MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "  SILENS 
MESSOR"  LAWN 
MOWERS. 


WORLD    RENOWNED 

OVER  A  MILLION  SOLD. 

Green's  New  Century  Lawn  Mower 

The  ideal  Mower  for  small  lawns, 
slopes,  banks, 


^oLueBS 


awn    Mowers 
made  in 
Sizes     12in.    to    42in. 


/m     Maj'     be     had     from 
any     Ironmonger     or 
Seedsman        in       the 
United  Kingdom. 


GREEN'S 
GARDEN 
ROLLERS. 


Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


THOMAS  GREEN  ix    SON,   Ltd..  Smittafield   Ironworks,  Leeds,   and  New  Surrey  Works,  Sonlbwark   Street,   London,   S.E.I. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

a   jc  J4' 

THE    BEST   AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern      Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


tale  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 

RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

"Royal     Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL.  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


38,000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  o( 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.  LONDON,  S.E.1 


No.  80 


No.  80. — This  is  an  Ideal  Frame  for 
Allotment  Holders  and  Smallholders. 
Size,  4  ft.  9  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.  Sides  9  in. 
hieh.  Painted  two  coats  and  glazed  with 
1 5  oz.  glass.  Frames  also- supplied  in 
other  styles  and  sizes. 

Price :     £3  :  O  :  O 

No.  H.  75.— The  fronts  are  1  1  in.  high, 
backs  22  in.  high.  The  frame  is  1  in. 
thick  and  the  lights  H  in.,  glazed  with 
1  5  oz.  glass,  and  painted  two  coats. 

I-Light  Frame.  4  ft.  by  6  ft.  £5  14s.  Od. 
2-Light  Frame.  8  ft.  by  6  ft.  £8  8s.  Od, 
3.Lighl  Fra  me.  1 2  ft.  by  6  ft.  £  1 1    4s.  6d. 


B.  &  P.  GARDEN 
FRAMES  ARE 
KNOWN  FOR 
LONG  SERVICE. 

B.  &  P.  Horticultural  Frames 
are  the  most  wonderful  value 
offered  to  the  Small  Gardener 
or  Allotment  Holder  to-day. 
They  are  made  of  the  highest 
grade  materials  throughout 
every  detail  of  their  produc- 
tion in  our  Norwich  Shops  ; 
and  are  built  to  withstand 
the  weather  vagaries  year 
in  and  year  out. 

These  frames  are  thoroughly 
practical  in  design,  and  are 
offered  at  the  lowest  possible 
prices,  consistent  with  a  high 
standard  of  workmanship,  and 
our  world-wide  reputation  for 
quality. 

Write  to  us  fully  ;  we  can  meet  all 
your  requirements  ;  and  we  will 
send  you  our  free  list  of  Garden 
Frames     and     Small    Greenhouses. 

CARRIAGE   PAID  TO  ANY  STATION 
IN    ENGLAND    AND    WALES, 


■#-  Enquiries  invited  for  Greenhouses,  Consen-a- 
tories,  Vinery  Ranges,  Peach  Houses,  Carnation 
Houses,  Heating  Systems,  Garden  Frames,  etc. 
of  all  descriptions,  with  requisite  accessories. 


oultm&mul^ 


TELEGRAMS: 

BOULTON,  NORWICH 

TELEPHONE! 

NORWICH        851 


LONDON    OFFICE. 

Chief  Office  &  Works  :  ^^s-?.  queen  victoria  st. 

N    ^)    R    W    I     O    H    '     BOUTIQUE,    CENTRtL    LONDON 
I     T«i.phor.«i    CENTMl    4642 


THE     GARDEN. 


March   12,    192 1. 


SPECIAL     BARGAINS 


CLOGS 

AT  CUT 
PRICES. 


(^o^Qs^ 


We  give  details  here  of  a  special  line  of  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  to  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  surplus  stocU,  made  up  tor  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day- there's  no  time 
to  put  off.  . 

C524.  Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,  strong  wrood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  uppers,  shape  as 
illustrated.  ,    „      ^,., 

Child's  sizes,  7,  8,  9,  and  10.  5)6  for  3/11. 

postpaid     -■■   3/1* 

Boys'  and  Girls'  sizes.  11,  12,  13,  and  1, 

6l6  for  4ill,  post  paid     4/11 

■youth's  and  Women's  sizes,  2,  3,  4.  and 

5,  7i'll  for  5/11,  post  paid  5111 

Women's  and  Men's  sizes,  6,  7.  8.  9. 10, 

and  11.8/11  for  6/11.  post  paid  ...  6/11 

Irons  round  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  1.  9d. 

e.\tra-     All  larjier  sizes,  1/3  extra. 

All  our  usual  shnpes  in  stocU.    '2  Bucke,  hest  quality, 

8/11   now  8/- post  paid.     Ali  sizesfor  mtn  and  women 

same  price       Wellin>;tons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 

anJ  Watertijjhts  all  reduced  10  percent. 

Send  for   our  CfttlloCiie  of  Foot- 

wenr  now.     All  rcilntcl  in  prtcc. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED  VAPOUR  CONE 

Fumigator 


BENTLEY'S 
Concentrated  Alkali 

(WINTER    WASH) 

A  highly  effective  and  most  popular  Winter 
Wash  for  Fruit  and  Forest  Trees  of  every  kind. 
In  tins  sufficient  to  make  22  galU.  of  Wash. 
1   lo  5  tins,  3/7  each.  8  tins,  3/5  each. 

12  tins,  3/3  each.  20    tins  3/1    each. 

40  tins,  2/1 1   each. 

Carriage  paid  on  201-  orders  and  upwards. 


WEED   DESTROYERS 
DAISY  KILLER  (LAWN  SAND) 
INSECTICIDES        FUNGICIDES 
FUMIGANTS  FERTILIZERS 

Catalogue  on  Application. 


Seasonable  Wants 


WILLIS     BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


NOT    A    SUBSTITUTE,    BUT    A 

REAL    MANURE 

for  digging  in  or  as  top  dressing. 

NO    STABLE    MANURE    REQUIRED. 

1  cwt.  17;6;    icwt.  10I-:  '28  1b.  5/6    £16  lOs,  per  ton 

Ciitriaee  Paid 


Sole  Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 

CHEMICAL    WORKS, 

BARROWON-HUMBER,  HULL. 


Why  Bucket  Your  Water? 


N' 


Use  one  of  our  portable  Pumping  Sets  and  save  money. 

A  Brand  New  £45  Gun  Metal  Pumping  Set 

complete  with  2  lengths  of  2-inch 
wired   Hose,  and  Strainer  for  only 

£13     :      15      :     O 

INVALUABLE  to  Gardeners,  Allotment  Holders,  and  for 
Drainage,  etc.,  or  anywhere  where  water  has  to  be  moved. 

I'ull  pLirticuhirs  from 

E.W.  FARROW  &  SONS  C,!'),  SPALDING. 

DONT    DELAY-WRITE   TC-DAY. 
You  save  over  £30  on  each  Pumping  Set  purchased. 


VINE    MANURE 

and  Vine  Border  Compound,  Coarse  or  Fine. 

30/- per  cwt.;    16,'-*  cwt. 

RUSSIAN    MATS 

New,  just  arrived.     Size  about  7  ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in. 
Limited  supplv,  42/-  per  doz.,  carriage  paid, 

WILLIS    BROS.* 
WINTER   WASH 

For  spraying  Fruit  Trees,  prepared  from  recipe  of 
celebrated  Canadian  Apple  Grower,  who  is  noted 
for  his  clean  fruit  and  orchards. 

10/6  per  gal.  ;    50/- 5  gals. 
Car-iage  Paid.        Tins  included. 


Introduced    1885. 

rOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I  1 

Only  a  match  required  for  | 
starting  it  1  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 
Registered  Trade  Mark  6295.       -^^  {„jg  Fumigator  I 

Prices.— No.  1i  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft  10d  each;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 
1,500  cubic  ft.,  1 ,3  each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses   from    2.000  to  '^,500  cubic  ft..   1/9  each 

44  rw^w7»  I^T   JL    ^^  5J     The  New  and   Most   Successful 

1  HfN  AA.        GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It  is  rapidly  taking  the   place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1  /6,  3/-,  6/-,  9/-  AlsoinbulU  at  reduced  rates 


Guaranteed 

Garden 

Supplies 


WILLIS  BROS. 


Horticultural   Manure 

Manufacturer'!, 
HARPENDEN.  HERTS. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA"  Lawn  SAmd  SoilFume. 
NICOTIME  INSECTICIDES.  FUMERS. SPRAYS  AND  OTHER  CHEMICALS 
•  NDSuNfJRIES     SEEUST     PlEASE   ASK  YOUR   AGEHT  FOR  THE   EUREKA 

iPnCLES-TMEY  ARE   ALWAYS   SATIsrACTOfJY 
IN   OBTAIMNG    WE  5ENO   DiCECT,     CaRR'ACE   P' 

|,HHw,imj>..i..nmj;i4j 


USE      CORRY'S 


CELEBRATED      CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER   DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint.       Quart.     (.Gall.      1  Gall.         3  G.al1.        5  Gall.    10 Ga^. 
2|3         3  9  6/.         Ill-  25)6         40/.         76/. 

SOLD    BY    THE    TRADE    GENERALLY. 

Manufactured   by  CORRY    &    CO.,   Ltd.,   London. 


When  you  need 
a  Real  Good  Thing 

for  youp  Garden, 
Lawn,  Allotment 
OP  games  let  us 
know. 

Every  Enquiry  Welcomed. 
Practical  advice  given  FREE. 


IF  WE  DO  NOT 
GROW  STOCK  or 
Manufacture  it 
WE  WILL  FIND 
IT     FOR     YOU 


GARDEN 
SUPPLIESLd. 
Cpanmep  St. 
LIVERPOOL. 


THE 


"BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Featupes 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth   "  draw 

out  "  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does  not  pinch 

or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 

Postage  7d. 

So/f  Manufacturers: 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


each 


REEDEN'S    SCHOOL   OF    GARDENING 

NEWIGK,     SUSSEX. 

A  thoroughly  practical  training  for  ladies  taking 
up  Horticulture  as  a  profession  or  supervise  own 
gardens;  fruit,  flowers,  vegetables,  herbs.  Charming 
House  and  Grounds.    Apply  Prjncipai 


ets  there  f  -  - 

and  makes  the  Garden  ^ZU^^rx 
gay  all  the  year  round  ^'^Hlr' 

■  TRADE     MARK. 


i;-=ssissssm3sss^^^^iB^^^ 


|:j.|.|jjmu.|.JiJ=|^j|^^^.);liMI.LT 


:^==^ — H    wr-    and  bv  George  Newnes.  Limited.  8-11,  Southampton  Street,  Strand  W.C.2, 

Published  by  "  Cou.T«v  L,ee."  L.m.teu.  ^^^^O^^avistoc^k^S^tree^t.  _SUand.  W^C...  l-l,%^^-°''llJ',\,„,on.  W.C.2 


THE 


GARDEN 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2574. 

Sntered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,   March    19,   1921 


REGISTERED  AT  THE  GENERAL 

POST  OFFICE  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 

AND  FOR  CANADIAN  MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    1714:    Foreign,    17/4 


GLADIOLUS   DAWN,  PINK  WITH   CLARET  THROAT. 

See  special  article  on  Page  134  on  Gladioli  for  Spring  Planting 


MERRYWEATHER'S  ROSES 


FOR  THE  GARDEN  ! 
FOR   BEDS! 


FOR  EXHIBITION! 
FOR   EVERYWHERE! 


Also    Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 

H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

BEAUTIFUL  JAPANESE  LILIES 

FOR     MARCH     PLANTING. 

LILIUM    AURATUM.   the  White  rOolden-rayed  spotted   Lily  of  Japan,   bearing   large 
swL-etly  sctnted   Howers,   ptr  dozen.  21s.  ;  each  2s. 

LlLlUM    SPECIOSUM    ALBUM    KRAETZERI.   beautiful    large    flowers    with    dark 
orange  anthers,  rer  dozen  30s.  ;  each  2s.  9d. 
Extra  strong  bulbs,  per  dozen.  4Us. ;    each  3s.  6d. 

LILIUM     SPECIOSUM     MAGNIFICUM.    large    handsome    dark     crimson     flnwers. 
spotted    purple-crimson,    margined   white,    per  dozen.    30s,;     each    2s.    9d. 
Extra  strong  bulbs,  per  dozen.  40s. ;    each  3s.  6d. 

LILIUM  SPECIOSUM   MELPOMENE,  fine  handsome  flowers,   rich   crimson,  spotted 

purple-crimson  and  maigined  white,   per  dozen,  30s.;    each  2s.  9d. 
Extra  stiong  bu!bs,  per  dozen,  40s. ;    each  3s.  6d. 

Descriptive  CataloRne  free  on  application. 

BA    ^  ^  O  C  ^%  IVI  O.  11,      12      &     13,      KINQ      STREET, 

r^  rx   r^  OC  ^  K^  1^  ^  ,        COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  corstitution.      A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting   STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens       Albinos  in  warm  and   cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for      the      good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO.,  "  h\^tS°^ 
FLOWER    SEEDS. 

The  Ipswich  Hardy  Plant  and  Seed  Specialists, 

with  a  reputation  of  70  years  to  uphold,  offer  a  large  selection  of 
Choice  Seeds,  including  the  Best  Annuals  and  the  Seeds  of 
many   Rare   Plants  not  offered  elsewhere. 

VEGETABLE  SEEDS.       Specially  selected  stocks. 

SEED   POTATOES.      Guaranteed  Scotch  and  once  grown,  at  low  prices. 

HARDY   PLANTS.       Pre  War  quality  at  Pre-War  prices. 

FRUIT  TREES.       Large  fruiting.  S/-  each 

CATALOGUES  on  application  to 

THOMPSON    &    MORGAN,    IPSWICH. 


THE     GARDEN. 


I'March    iq,    iq2i. 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of  England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.   RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides   and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  am  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estats 

Cranmer  Street  a""*  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
or  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS    AND    FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM   &   SON 

Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,   ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock.  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


J.   JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable&'Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


CORRY   &   CO.,   Ltd. 

Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C,2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.   BENTLEY,   Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Scotch    Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


HV.  RICHARDSON  &  CO. 
Skeldergate  Bridge  Works, 
YORK. 


La\vn,  Garden, 
Fruit  Tree,  and 
Horticultural 
Fertilisers 


THE  SHEFFIELD    MALAY 

TOOL  COY. 
Norfolk  Lane.  SHEFFIELD 


Perfect  roads, 
drains,  paths,  lawns 
terraces,  etc  ,  are 
obtained  by  using 
iheS.IM.  ROAD 
TRACER  &  LEVEL 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &    CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Archi. 
tects,  specialise 
in  Rocic,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  1912. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No. :  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


J.    CHEAL   &    SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St., London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


T.    YANO    &    CO.       Est.     1908.       Japanese 

0:ird<biiiu',  laid  out  with  Japanese  trees  and  stont>  ornaments. — 
Nurs.TV  :      5(5    and    66,     Paddenswick     Road,     Hammersmith 


HEATING    APPARATUS     for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house;  separate  parts  supplied 
Viincuard,  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers,  Pipes 
.Toiiits,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free. — THOMAS  JEAVONS, 
Silver  .Street  Works,  Brierley  Hill.   


ALPINE  AND  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS,  etc. 

New  li.^t,  five  on  applicatiun. — T.   SMITH.    ]»aisy    Hill  Nursrry. 

Nrwry 


TANNED  GARDEN  OR  TENNIS  NETTING.- 

Very  best  ;    all  kinds. — Spashett  <t  Co.,  Garden  Nt-f  Makers 
Lowestoft. 


is  the  seed  with  the  "growing" 
reputation.  Since  1870  hundreds 
of  Gardens  have  owed  their  beau- 
tiful flowerings  and  hardy  plants 
to  these  famous  seeds. 
Sow  the  seed  of  success  by  trying  a  few 
packets  now.  Sold  in  2d.  packets,  all 
varieties,  or  by  weight. 
IllustraledCataloguesentJreeon  request 

SPECIAL  NOTE.   SWEET  PEAS. 

We  are  offering  the  newest  and 

choicest     strains     of    all    superb 

varieties    recently    introduced    in 

2d.  packets  or  by  weight. 


0nc9Cm 
Seeds 


14,  Holywell  Hill, 

,11,     ST.    ALBANS. 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application, 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

Tlie   finest  stocU  in   the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &    SON,     Florists, 

Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


FIR    POLES. 

Stout  Fir  Poles,  aLxuit  9  feet,  suitable  for  Climbing 

Roses,  at  18/-  per  dozen. 

Extra  stout,  suitable  for  Pergolas,  at  30/-  per  dozen. 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


KING'S  Acre 


Hardy  Herbaceous  &  Border 
PLANTS  and  VIOLAS  for  Spring 

Planting.     A  reliable  and  exten- 
sive   stock    of  young,  vigorous 
Plants. 

llluslraled     Ca'alogue     and    any     informalion 
required  free  on   request   to 

King's   Acre    Nurseries 
HEREFORD.   ^*^ 


m 


March   19,   1921 


GARDEN. 


WEBB'S  EXHIBITION  VEGETABLES.— The 

Gre  it  Prizcwinaers :  Emperor  C-ibbaae,  Piizetaker  B.  Sprouts, 
ll«U:;nce  G.obe  Beet,  Woiideiful  Lettuce,  6d.  and  1/-  per  paeket. 
Ctiampioa  Prize  Leek,  Misterpieee  Onion,  Exhibition  B.  Bean, 
Mammoth  Cauliflower,  1/-  per  paoi<et.  Marrowfat  Parsnip, 
lOd.  per  oz.  Prizewinner,  Cirrot,  1/3  per  oz,  Stourbridge 
Marrow  Pea,  2/0  per  pint. 

WEBBS     EXHIBITION     SWEET     PEAS.— 

13  finest   nimcd    varieties,  6/-.       12   finest   n.amed   varieties 

i^ma  ler  pickets),  3/-.     Illustrated  Catalogue  Free. 

WEBB  &  SON,  LTD.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  STOURBRIDGE. 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shrubs,  Japanese  Cherries,  SLaples,  and  Chinese  subjects. 
— JOHS  WiTERER,  SONS  &  CRISP,  LTD.,  Thc  Nursellcs, 
Bagshot,  Surrey 


WATERERS'  VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER 

SEEDS,  Scotch  grown  seid  Potatoes, 


WATERERS'  ALPINE   AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,   in  the  new  and  leading   varieties  of    Delphioiams, 
Phloxes,  Irises.  


GREENHOUSE    PAINTING    AND    GLAZING 

— ••  VITROLITE  "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  233.  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40s.  per 
c«t.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  Waltkk  Carson  <S 
Sons.  Prove  Works,  Battersca.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  EEFTHr,  Keston 
K-ent.  


WAKELEY'S    PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

—The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
manure.    See  advert,  on  p.  iv. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New   Descriptive    List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate 
6d.  post  free. — The  Buebaoe  Nurseries,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.    Established  1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."      1  No.  6  "  Mona."    For  Immediate  delivery.    Prices 
on    application.  —  Wm.    Doncan    Thckee    &    SONS,    Ltd., 

Tottenham,  N.15.  


GARDEN  TOOLS.— Send  a  Post  Card  to-day 

for  RydiTs  new  36  page  Catalogue  of  all  Garden  Tools.  You 
will  find  there  unparalleled  offers  of  many  labour-saving  tools 
of  high  quality  at  exceptionally  low  prices.  See  also  our 
advrrtisements  of  Rock  Plants  on  this  page  and  of  Gladiolus 

and  s,r,l~  on  pa.'i-  vi.— 1!ym:k  .V  SON  (I'J^n),  Ltd.,  St.  Albans. 


MESSRS.  OLIVER  &  HUNTER'S  NEW  SEED 

CATALOGUE  for  1921  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  postage 
tree  to  all  those  interested  in  gardening. — Write  to-day  to 
THE  Seed  *  tJuESEEY  EsTAnLiSHMENT,  Monlaive,  N.B. 


ALSTROMCERIA       CLUMPS,       ORIENTAL 

POPPIES,     BED    HOT     POKER,   all    9/-    per   doz.      Good 
flowerin',:  stuff. —  rH0M\9,  Trewince,  Portscatho,  Cornwall. 


PERGOLA  POSTS.— 500  S.  Fir  posts,  8  to  14ft., 

top  diameter,  9ins.,  last  best  In  the  ground,  give  excellent 
results.  Long  poles,  for  tops  and  cross-bars,  41ns.  to  eins. 
diameter,  all  at  62s.  6d.  per  ton.  Truck  loads  about  4  tons. 
Free  on  rail.  Ready  for  Immediate  despatch.  Rckal  Indds- 
TBIES,  Limited,  Cheltenham. 


MINIATURE      JAPANESE       GARDENS     of 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  Also  Japanese  miniature 
a^rps,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
this  papiT.— Fkrrest  and  Ward,  S4,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C.3. 


ROCK    PLANTS.  —  Ryders    Special    Offer.— 

Collections  of  the  best  sorts  for  present  planting.  All  well 
rooted  plants,  true  to  name,  that  will  give  every  satisfaction 
this  season ;  100  in  50  sorts,  42/- ;  50  In  25  sorts,  25/-,  carriage 
paid.  See  also  our  advertisements  of  Garden  Tools  on  this 
page  and  of  Gladiolus  and  Seeds  on  page  vi.. — Ryder  &  SON 
(1920),  Ltd.,  St.  Alb,ans. 


ROCK  PLANTS,   best  varieties,   inexpensive. 

List  free.— .^tAR10N  GLED8TANE3,  Fardross,  Ciogher,  Ireland. 


GARDEN   BARROWS,   direct  from    makers, 

32/6  each,   F.O.R.,   Immediate  delivery.  Cash   with  order. — 

Robinson     Bros.,     Hardwick     Works,  Chatsworth      Road, 
Cheatcrfleld. 


EARLY  FLOWERING   SAXIFRAGES,   great 

varletv  now  in  bloom.  Coilertions  of  one  dozen  (two  of  a  sort) 
for  S/6  and  11/6.  Special  "  Engleria  "  collection.  24/-.  Packing 
and  po'it  trie. — R.  TUCKER  &  Sons.  Nurserymen.  Oxford. 


GOLDEN  PRIVETS  for  disposal.     20,  5  ft.  by 

2  feet.— Apply  R.  Asnis=,  86.  yorth  Tlill,  HighK.ati-,  N.6. 


BARR'S  SEED  GUIDE  (Free).— For  the  best 

Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  of  finest  selected  strains  and 
tested  growth.  At  the  R.H.S.  Trials  our  Strains  of  Vegetable 
Seeds  have  received  exceptional  recognition  for  lilgh  quality, 
receiving  First-Class  Certificates,  Awards  ol  Merit,  and  many 
Highly  Commended. 

BARR'S    BEAUTIFUL   LILIES,    GLADIOLI, 

CANNAS,  DAHLIAS,  MONTBRETIAS,  TIGRIDIAS, 
TUBEROSES,  etc.,  for  Spring  planting.  Descriptive  Catalogue 
free. — Barr  &  SONS,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  thi 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent !  They  do  grandly  In  any  part  of  Great 
Britain.  Catalogues  free  to  Intending  purchasers.  Seed 
23.  6d,  and  5s. — J.  Douglas,  Great  Bookham. 


JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders    of   Conser- 

vatorles.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire  :  Gray,  KenBlBgton  90. 
Telephone:  Kensington  90  <Si  91. 


SEWAGE       DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspoolfl  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser  ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  LoT\er 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster.  __^___ 


IRON    AND    WIRE    FENCING   for    gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  Iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  tor 
Illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BorLTON  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW    CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  Including  splendid  novelties  for  1921 ;  aleo 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Cole  &  Son,  Chrysanthemnxn  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9;  quarts,  3/-; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-galIon,  7/-;  5-galIons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Kurserymen  &  Ironmongers,  Sole  Manufacturers:  AIcDouoall 
Bros.,  LTD.,>Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  Is  alwaj's  on  view. 
Inspection  Invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
THOfl.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


KING'S     ACRE     SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
for  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliability.— King's  Acke  NntSERiES.  Limited.  Hereford. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  192 1 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  In  flowers  and  vegetables, 
including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Bcatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fniit  Culture  for  IJd.  postage. — 
L4XT0N  Brothers,  Bedford. 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND  STRAWBEKEIES.  New  catalogue,  containing 
novelties,  gratis.  Hints  on  planting  and  pruning,  2d. — 
Laxton  Brotbkrs,  Bedford. 


PAVING.  —  Crazy    and     Rectangular    Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Roeks 
for  rock  gartlens.  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry,"  dwarf  and 
retaining  wails.  In  large  or  small  quantities  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  In  England. — HoDSON  &  SON,  68,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham. 


WELLS'     CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Singles  and  Decomtives  for  flowering  in  the  greeiihoase, 
November  and  December,  5/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  in  May,  to  bloom  from 
August  till  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  in  25  varieties  for  30/-* 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application.- — W.  Wells  &  Co., 
Merstham,  Surrey. ^ 


ROCKERY     PLANTS     SPECIAUTY.  —  List 

free. — TERRY  Lee,  16,  Morden  Road,  Stechtord,  Birmingham. 


FLOWER    POTS.— 10  8in.,   15  61n.,  15  sin., 

15  4In.,  16  3ln.,  complete,  packed  free,  156.  Dlostrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale,  and 
rhubarb  pots,  et«.,  free. — THOS.  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brleriey 
Hill. 


1,000,000    PLANTS    FOR    SALE.— To    have 

beautiful  borders  of  blue  In  early  spring  plant  now  Sutton's 
Royal  Blue  Myosotis,  large  clumps,  50  for  6/6.  Rfarguerites,  1/6  ; 
Violas,  21- ;  Chrysanthemum  Max,  10/- ;  Antirrhinums,  1/9  ; 
Pentstemons,  2/- ;  Geum,  2/-,  etc.,  etc.,  all  per  dozen. — Webb, 
New  End,  Astwood,   Redditch. 


SUTTON'S   GRASS  SEEDS 

FOR   LAWNS   AND    SPORTS    GROUNDS. 
The  best  mixtures  for  produeing  a  good,  hard-wearing  green 
turf    the    whole    year    through.     Practical    advice    given    by 
correspondcnee.     Send  for  a  copy  of  our  pamphlet,  "Lawns'* 
price  2/6. 
.SUTTON  &   SONS,   THE   KING'S   SEEDSMEN,"  READING. 


KEL WAY'S    PEONIES.  — NOW    IS    THE 

TIME  TO  PLANT.  AS  BEAUTIFUL  AS  ROSES,  BUT  AS 
HARDY  AS  THE  DOCK.  HAVE  YOU  TRIED  THEM  f 
As  one  walks  through  a  border  of  KELWAY'S  P.S;01iIES 
one  can  easily  imagine  that  they  are  roses — giant  roses — 
their  delicious  scent,  their  creamy-tinted  petals  flushed  wiih 
pink,  and  th-ir  bright  dark  foliage  are  exceptionally  delightful. 
WRITE  TO  KELWAY'S  NOW,  and  procure  strong 
named  plants  for  immediate  planting,  then  you  will  be  rewarded 
with  good  clumps  and  beautiful  blossoms  In  early  summer 
KELWAY  &  SON,  THE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURISTS. 
LANGPORT,   SOMERSET. 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  PLANT  KELWAY'S 

LOVELY  GLADIOLI  for  spring  planting.  Our  reputation  as 
growers  of  these  beautiful  autumn-flowering  bulbs  extends  over 
a  period  of  sixty  years,  and  as  our  bulbs  are  of  our  own  growing 
at  Langport,  customers  are  assured  of  fine  hardy  spccimenfl.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  remind  prospective  buyers  of  the  glorious  com- 
binations of  colour  which  are  now  obtainable,  more  especially  in 
our  Langprim  strain,  but  we  would  advise  writing  at  once  for 
our  price  list  to  the  Hetail  Plant  Department  Kelway  and  Son, 
Langport.,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD..  ROYAL  SEEDSMEN, 

Edinburgh,  will  send  a  copy  of  their  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide 
to  Gardening,  free,  if  this  paper  is  mentioned. 


BATH'S    SELECT  SEEDS   AND  PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  acd  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  applicalicn. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  R.  H.  Baib, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now       Our  unique  publicaticn.  "'  Irises  aiid 
Iris  Garden?,'*  free  on  applitation. 


WALLACE'S   HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S    RHODODENDRONS    AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.  —  R.  WALLACE  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Wells, 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.       Catalogne    (No.     4)    free.— 
MOORTON,  S,  Thornton   Avenue,  Chiswick. 


CRANSTON'S   FAMOUS    ONIONS:   ready  tor 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autumn-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  AUsa  Craig  and  Rousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants. 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Offenham,  Wheeler's  Imperial,  Bed 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application. — King's 
ACRE  Nurseries,  Ltd..  Hereford  (late  Oanpton's). 


RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY    PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stott 
on  the  market  for  garden  wallra,  terraces,  &c.  Also  wallb  g 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  Invited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  &c. — Gillum  (Garden  Dept.),  Wellealey  Court 
Road,  Croydon. 

HARDY  ORCHIDS.— Cypripedium  pubescens, 

C.  spectabilc.  Orchis  follosa,  2/6  each  ;  O.  latifoUa,  9d. ;  O. 
maculata,  6d. ;  O.  mascula,  6d. ;  Ophrys  aplfera,  9d. ;  Eplpactls 
glgantea,  1/6;  E.  latifnlla,  6d.  Descriptive  catalogue  free. — 
BowELL  <t  SkaRRATT,  Nurseries.  Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S    "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CTDE  "  Sheets "  for  greenhouse  fumigation ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongen,  etc. — 
McDotJQALL  Bros..  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


SCOTCH  SEED  POTATOES.— Duke  of  York, 

Express,  Eclipse,  Midlothian  Early,  Llewellyn,  May  Queen, 
NInetyfold,  Great  Scot,  Kerr's  Pink,  Loehar.  Templar.  TInwald 
Perfection,  Dargll  Early.  Arran  Comrade,  King  George  V.  Edzell 
Blue,  King  Edward  VII  (regenerated),  Brillsh  Queen,  Arrsn 
Rose,  Rhoderick  Dhu,  K.  of  K.,  BIcomfleld.  etc.  Catalogue 
of  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application  — T'LUE, 
Whttk  <S  Co.,  12,  Meiboume  Place.  George  TV  Bridge, 
Edinburgh.     Establlslird  1837. 


FIDLER'S    NEW    ILLUSTRATED    GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  SOW 
RE.ADY.  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  addroia  on 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  FISLEK  A  SOHS,  Boy«l 
Berkshire  Seed  Stores,  Beading 


THE     GARDEN. 


TMakch   tq,   1921. 


THOUSANDS       OF       USERS       YEARLY 

testify    to    the    excellence    of    Wakeley's    Hop    Manure    for    all    purposes. 


HOP  MANURE 

<  PATENTED.) 

V  The  Most  Perfect  x/ 
\  Fertilizer  ^/^ 


Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society 

"  Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been 
used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at  Wisley, 
and  I  am  pleased  to  repo-t  that  it  has 
proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders, 
frjit  and  vegetables  grovvn  both  under  glass 
and  o  it  in  the  open  air." 

(Signed)     VV.  WILKS,   Scent ixry. 


lAWARDED  DIPLOMA  AND  MEDAL  AT  THE 

ROYAL  INTERNATIONAL  HORTICULTURAL 

EXHIBITION,  1912. 

Beware  of  imitations. 
Genuine  only  in  our  marked   bags 

Containing  Gjarantead  Analysis. 


^  COMPLETE  '<;; 

SUBSTITUTE 


Prices  (including  bags)  :  1  bushel,  2/3  ; 
.1  bushels,  6/-  ;  5-4  bushels,  28/9  ; 
10-4  bushels,  55/-  ;  20-4  bushels,  1  OO/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

A  beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full 
barticulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt 
of  postcard . 


WAKELEY  BROS.  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  75a,  Bankside,  London 


CHOICE   BORDER   VARIETIES. 


PLANT     NOW. 


A^ri^ 


-rvg5*s 


special  Offer  ..I 

12  Plants,  2  of  a  sort 

or   1  2,6  carriage  raid,     c  w.o, 

STUART  LOW  &  CO.,   Bush   Hill  Park,  Middlesex. 


MAURICE  PRIGHARD'S 

Catalogue  of  Herbaceous  &  Alpine  Plants, 

Aquatics,  etc,  now  ready  for  1921.  Mans 
new  and  valuable  additions  will  be  found  therein. 
New  Aubrietias,   New  Saxifragas. 

New  Moraine  Alpine  Plant  offered  for  first  time — 
Erodium   chamaedpyoides   rosea  (R.V.P.) 

Catalogue  sent  free,  2d.  stamp. 

Riverslea  Nursery,  Christchurch,  Hants. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS,— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2s.  6d.  net ; 
elotb  Ss.  6d.  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Puolished  at  the  offices 
of  "  CornTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


& 


l-'orcst  and  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Roses,  etc., 
j^i-own  in  most  exposed  situation  on  heavy  soil, 
tiierefore  the  hardiest  procurable.' 

Every  Requisite  for  Forest,  Farm  &  Garden. 

Garden  Seeds  of  specially  selected  strain. 

Catalogues  on  application  Mention   paper. 


SAMSONS     LIMITED, 

NURSERYMEN    &    SEEDSMEN, 
Established  1759.  KILMARNOCK. 


CHRYSANTHEMUIVIS, 

General    Catalogue    of    all     the    leading    varieties 
also    Novelty    List,    now    ready,    post    free,    from 

KEITH     L.UXFORD     &     CO., 
Sheering  Nurseries,  Harlovt^,  Essex. 


KINNELL'S    HOSE 


BE  SATISFIED 
ONLY  WITH 
THE    BEST. 

Hose  List  No   6 
Post  Free. 


-*^.?",» 


CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  Co.,  Ltd. 


SECURE  YOUR 
SUPPLIES 
NOW. 

Sample  Hose 
sent  on  request. 


SOUTH WARK  ST. 
LONDON      S.E.I. 


SWEET  PEAS 


Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM, 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  the  tilooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  posse.'^s  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  disp'ay  of 
finest   flowers   of    the   most  exquisite   colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named  5/6 

18           ..                  ..               ..  8/- 

24           ..  10/6 

30           ..  12;6 

40           ..  17/6 

50           ..  22/6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH     WITH    ORDER, 

All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  magnificent  for  all  purposes. containing 
a  wonderful  range  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of   all  the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.FRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.  61),   WEM,   Shropshire. 

Also   the   finest   Flower   Seeds.    Vegetable 
Seeds,    Potatoes,   etc. 


March   19,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


John  Waterer,  Sons 
&  Crisp,  Limited. 

SPRING  SPECIALITIES 

FOR 

BORDERS    and    ALPINE 
GARDENS. 


DELPHINIUMS. 


w 


ATERER  S 


N 


EW 


Hybrids,  embracing  some  of  the  finest 
forms  in  existence.  Those  Hybrids  of 
our  own  introduction  are  detailed  in 
our  Hardy  Plant  Catalogue  for  1 920-1. 

The  following  are  selected  from  our 
General  Collection  : — 

EACH 

AePOplanCi      brilliant     blue      and      violet, 

white  eye        ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     2/6 

Elsa  (Waterer's),  rich  sky  blue,   rosy  flush, 

single,  immense  spikes       ...         ...         ...     7/6 

Flossie,  pale  blue,  very  effective 2/- 

King  of   Delphiniums,   intense   indigo, 

suffused  plum  ...         ...         ...         ...     2/6 

Lavanda  (Waterer's),  semi-double  lavender, 

A..M.,   R.H.S 3/6 

Mde.  Violet  Geslin,   blue  shaded  rose, 

double  3/6 

Niobe,   pale  blue,  dark  eye 2/6 

The  Alake,  deep  purple  blue,  magnificent  3/6 
Mixed   Hybrids,  beautiful  shades  ...     9d< 

MICHAELMAS  DAISIES.    Our  Catalogue 

deals  with  over  I20  distinct  varieties. 

PERENNIAL  IRISES,  in  150  named 
varieties. 

LUPINS.  We  have  raised  many  ex- 
quisite Perennial  forms,  invaluable  for 
the  border  for  their  beauty  of  colouring 
and  free  flowering  propensities. 

PERENNIAL  PHLOXES  are  essential  in 
a  wisely  planned  colour  border.  Large 
areas  are  devoted  to  the  culture  of  the 
best  forms. 

PYRETHRUMS,  Single  and  Double. 
Planting  time  is  close  at  hand,  and  their 
beautiful  shades  should  subscribe  to 
the  colour  scheme  of  every  border. 

ALPINE  PLANTS.  We  grow  large 
numbers  of  the  choicer  hardy  subjects, 

including  Aubrietias,  Campanulas, 
Dianthus,  Saxifragas,  Sedums, 

Primulas,     Violas,     &C.,      and     many 

gems      and     rarities     not      commonly 

known. 

IN    FACT,    there    is   very    little    that    is 

HARDY  and  REALLY  WORTH  GROWING 

that    is    not    provided   for   in    our    140 

page  Catalogue. 

The  Nurseries, 
TWYFORD,   Berks. 

Also  at  BAGSHOT,  Surrey,  &  LONDON. 


"Old-fashioned"  Flowers. 

HARKNESS'S 

SENSATIONAL 

'REGAL'  LUPINS 

"  Unapproached  for  beauty  and  unequalled 
for  variety,"  is  the  general  verdict  of  experts 
who  have  seen  this  wonderful  creation  of 
surpassingly  lovely  Lupins.  Colours  range 
from  A  to  Z  in  the  colour  chart.  Excepting, 
perhaps,  Buttercup  Yellow  Self  and  Scarlet 
Self,  every  colour  in  the  chart,  and  many 
not  '*  charted,"  and  every  shade  of  every 
beautiful  colour,  is  to  be  found  in  this 
wonderful  introduction.  Strong  Plants,  will 
bloom  profusely  this  season,  GJG  dozen;  25, 
12/6;  50,  22/6;   100,  £2  2s.  6d. 

SEED,  1/2  per  packet.  Yellow  shades  only, 
2/6  per  packet. 

See  Coloured  Illustration,  free  for  Post  Card. 


Harkness's  Giant  "  Imperial  "  Pansles  arc  unapproached 
for  tluir  ^ize,  many  being  4  inches  in  diameter.  Matclilts;- 
for  th'ir  varied  and  brilliant  colours.  Each  flower  lia-\iii;i 
hugi-'  di  nse  blotches  of  wonderful  beauty.  Strong  plant; 
from  cuttings  will  nivr  endless  quantities  of  flowers  tlil 
season.     3s.  3d.  doz.  ;    25,  6s.  3d. ;     50,  12s. ;     100,  22s.  6d. 

Crimson  Empress  Pansies. — A  marvellous  selection  of  bronzy- 
crimson  Panties,  with  glorious  deep  crimson  blotches,  nn>--t 
wonderful  in  their  intensity  of  colour.  lea\ing  nothing  t.i  In- 
desired.  May  be  termed  the  real  Hearts-ease  Pan^il's. 
3s.  doz. ;  25,  5s.  9d. ;  50,  lO.s.  9i. ;  100,  20s.  Seed  of  any 
of  above  ls.'6d.  per  pkt. 

Coreopsis     Qrandiflora. — An     easily    grown    golden  [yellow 
flower,    invaluable    for   garden   and    for    cutting,    3s.     doz, 
25,  5s.  9d. ;    50,11s.;    100,20s.    Seed  6d.  per  pkt. 

"  Cup  and  Saucer  '*  Canterbury  Bells  in  delightful  pink, 
pure  white,  lilac-blue  and  a  new  colour  purplish-red,  very 
fine  plants  for  flowi-rmg  tliis  season.  Each  colour  separate, 
or  mixed,  2s.  doz.  ;  50,  7s.  6d.  ;  100,  14s. _  Seed,  any  colour 
or  mixed,  6d.  per  pkt. 

Single  Canterbury  tfells  in  clear  pink,  pure  white,  lilac- 
blue  and  purplish-red,  very  fine  plants  to  flower  this  season. 
Each  colour  separate,  or  mL\ed,  Is.  9d.  doz.;  50,  6s.  6d.  ; 
100,  12s.  6d.     Seed,  any  colour  or  mixed,  3d.  per  pkt. 

Sweetwilliams.  Sutton's  •'  Pink  Beauty." — Lovely  shades 
of  salmon-pink ;  appreciated  by  everyone.  Strong  plants 
to  flower  freely  this  season,  2s.  doz.  25,  3s.  9d. ;  50,'6s.  9d.[: 
luu  .13s. 

Sweetwilliams.  Harkness's  "  King  of  Scarlets. "^Intense 
scarlet  without  variation  or  shading  of  any  kind,  the  most 
vivid  and  brilliant  scarlet  yet  produced  in  flowers.  Tliese 
are  very  special.  Strong  plants  to  flower  well  1921,  3s.3d.'doz.; 
25,  6s.  3d. :     50,  12s.  3d.":      100.  22s.  jd.^         ^    _  ' 

Sweetwilliams.  Carter's  ""Holborn  Qlory." — A  grand 
strain  of  Auricula-eyed  Sw.-etwilliams,  very  large  flowers 
brilliantly  coloured,  really  first-class.  Strong  plants  2s.  6d. 
doz. ;    25,  4s.  6d. ;    50,  8s.  6d. ;    100,  16s, 

Sweetwilliams. — All  above  in  mixture  Is.  9d.  doz. ;  25,  3s.  3d, ; 

H.  50,  6>.  3d.  ;|  100,  12s.     Seed  of  any  of  above  6d.  pkt. 

Qiant  Daisies. — ^Flowers  3  inches  across,  white,  rose,  red, 
mottled  and  white  tipped  pink.  Separate  or  mixed,  3s.  doz.; 
25,  5s.  9d. ;  50,  lis. ;  100,  20s.  Seed,  separate  or  niLxed, 
6d.  per  pkt. 

GRAND    COLLECTIONS    OF    POPULAR    HARDY 
FLOWERS. 

Giant   Delphiniums,    nuble,    upright   spik'S,    123.,    Ids.,    24s. 

and  3t1-.  p-  r  doz.     Gn-at  value  at  every  price. 
Branching    Delphiniums,    12    splendid    varieties,    including 

Belkidnnna.    Capri,    Mcerheimi,    Creighton,    Thompson,    &c. 

12s.  p.r  doz. 
Anemone  japonica,  named  varieties,  8s.  doz. 
Asters  (.Mirliailiiias  Daisies)  new  varieties,  12s.  to  18s.  per  doz 
Asters  (>n'li;Li  huas  Daisiis),  cneral  collection,  8s.  doz. 
Early  Chrysanthemums,  including  new  varieties,  3s.  6d.  doz. 
Hardy  Gladioli,  12  to  24  best  varieties,  3s.  6d.  doz. 
Flag   Iris,  in  12  varieties,  5s.  to  6s.  6d.  doz. 
Named  Lupins,  in  12  varieties  including  novelties,  12s.  doz. 
Oriental  Poppies,  in  12  varieties,  including  new  sorts,  8s.  doz. 
Giant  Iceland  Poppies,  yi  How,  white,  orange,  3s.  3d.  doz. 
Phloxes,  imhiding  new  vari^ti'-s,  really  choice,  8s.  to  12s.  doz. 

For  descriptions  of  these  and  many  other   things,  please 
see  our  Illustrated  Catalogue  (free  on  application). 

HARKNESS  &  SONS,  f.r  h.s. 

Grange  Nurseries,  BEDALE,  YORKS. 


BATH'S 

BORDER 

CARNATIONS,  &c. 

For    Present    Planting. 

We  make  a  great  speciality  of  Carnations,  and  our 
stock  is  unequalled.  The  plants  are  very  strong, 
perfectly  hardy,  and  will  satisfy  the  most  fastidious 
buyer.  The  following  Sets  are  selected  from  our 
unsurpassed  collection  of  450  varieties,  and  contain 
the  cream  of  the  new  and  older  sorts. 
SET  D. 
One  dozen]  extra ^fine  varieties  for  15/-,  carriage  paid. 

Bookham  White. — Pure  white  ;    perfect  form.     1  /3. 
Francesca. — Heliotrope,  brilliant  carmine  base.     2/-. 
My  Clove.— Apple  blossom  :  suffused  heliotrope.     2/6. 
Lord  Kitchener. — Purest  white,  marked  blood  red.     2/-. 
Elizabeth  Shillner. — .A.  grand  orange  self.     1/3. 
Fujiyama. — Glowing  red;    very  large  flower.     1/3. 
Lord  Roberts. — Bright  sulphur  yellow  ;   very  free.    1/-. 
Duchess  of  Wellington. — Deep  lavender.    1/3. 
Romeo. — Yellow,  suffused  and  marked  pink  ;  extra    2/-. 
Caprice. — Pink,  mottled  red;    fine  form.     1/-, 
Distinction.— Crushed  strawberry  ;    lovely.     1/3. 
Induna.  —  Maroon;    finely  formed  flower      1/-. 
SET     E. 
One  dozen  choice  varieties  for  11 /-|  carriage  paid. 

Diana. — Pure  white;    large  full  flower.     1/-. 
Red  Emperor. — Rosy  red  ;    extra  large  flower.     2/-. 
Queen  Alexandra. — Bufi  yellow;    very  free.     1/-. 
Lady  Greenall. — Bright  rosy  red,  shading  to  pink.    1/-, 
Lord  Tennyson. — Yellow,  distinctly  edged  rose.     1/-. 
Ariadne. — A  lovely  heliotrope  self.     1/-. 
Constance. — Yellow,  marked  pink:    fine  quality.     1/-. 
Isolde. — Raspberry  red  ;   very  bright  and  distinct.    1/- 
Morocco. — Deep  velvety  crimson.     1/-. 
Pink  Pearl. — Rich  pink  self ;  strongly  fragrant.     1/6. 
A.  B.  Stewart. — .Apricot,  suffused  rose.     1/3. 
Mrs.  F.  J.  Sealing. — Brilliant  scarlet;    very  vigorous; 
continues  flowering  all  summer.     1/-.  ^ 

Bath's'Popular  Set  of  12  Fine  Named  Varieties  of 
Carnations  and  Picotees.  Price  8/6,  carriage  paid. 

BATH'S     GOLD     MEDAL? 

DELPHINIUMS. 

These  plants  are  remarkably  handsome  in  the 
border,  and  during  the  early  summer  and  autumn  the 
bold  and  stately  masses  of  brilliant  blue  and  purple 
produce  a  striking  effect  unequalled  by  any  other  flower. 

One  dozen  extra  fine  varieties  for  21/-,  carriage  paid. 
Andrew  Carnegie. — Light  blue,  lilac  centre,    1/6. 
Hugo  Poortman. — Pale  blue  ;   enormous  flower.     2/6 
La  Tendresse. — Light  blue  and  mauve.     2/6. 
Rev.    E.    Lascelles. — Oxford    blue,    with    conspicuous 

white  eye ;    magnificent.     2/-. 
Pannonia — Brilliant    ultra-marine     blue,     white    eye; 

distinrt  and  beautiful.     A.M.,  R.H.S.,  igso.     3/6. 
Turquoise. — Pale  blue,  dark  centre;    distinct.     2/-. 
Rozenlust. — Mauve,  edged  Cambridge  blue.     2/-. 
Resplendens. — Pale  blue,  tinted  mauve  ;   superb.    2/6. 
K.  F.  Caron.— Gentian  blue,  white  centre.     1/6. 
King  of  Delphiniiuns. — Gentian  blue  and  plum,  white 

eye.     1  /6. 
Geneva. — Sky  blue,  %vhite  eye;    lovely.     1/-. 
Mrs.  Creighton. — Cobalt  blue,  shaded  plum.     1/6. 

BATH'S     GOLD     MEDAL 

P>EONIES. 

The  most  gorgeous  of  all  garden  flowers  Requires 
less  cultural  attention  than  almost  any  other  plant. 
Exceedingly  hardy,  its  vigour  and  beauty  increase  year 
by  year. 

SET     B. 
12  glorious  richly  fragrant  varieties  for  25/-,  carriage  paid. 
Albert  Crousse. — Pinkish  blush  ;    very  large.     3/6. 
Canarie. — White,  tinted  sulphur  ;    very  free.     2/-. 
Duchess  de  Nemours. — Snow  white ;    very  free.     2/-. 
Felix  Crousse. — Brilliant  crimson  ;    large  flower.     2/-. 
Golden  Harvest. — Blush,  creamy  white  centre.     3/6. 
Lady  Carrington. — Flesh  ;    very  large.     3/-. 
Marie  Lemoine. — Pure  white  ;    late  ;    extra  fine. 
Mme.  Calot. — White,  tipped  rose ;    extra.     2/-. 
Mme.  de  Vatry. — Pink,  white  centre.     2/-. 
Mons.  Chas.  Levique. — .A  lovely  silvery  blush.     2/6. 
Festiva  Maxima. — White,  tipped  blood  red.     2/-. 
Solfaterre. — Beautiful  primrose  yellow.     2/6. 
Complete  Illustrated  Catalogues  post  free  on  application 

R.   H.  BATH,   LTD., 

The    Floral     Farms,  .WISBECH. 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  19,   192 1. 


=i||iliiiiiiii 


niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 


EASTER  is  the  TIME  I 

when      the        Gardener's      thoughts  = 

seriously  turn  to  Seed  Sowing  ^ 

If   you   have   not  got  them,  order  = 

from   RYDERS  of   St.  Albans,  and  i 

make  sure  of  having  your  = 

SEEDS    BY   RETURN  | 

There  will  be  no  waiting,  wondering  = 

if   they   will  arrive  by  the  time   you  = 

want  them,  for  every  order  sent  to  = 

Ryders   is  executed   on    the   day   of  = 

receipt.     Ryders   Seeds    are  all   the  = 

very  best  that  can  be  grown.     They  = 

are    true    to     name    and     of    high  = 

germinating  percentage.  = 

EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  | 

Seeds,    Plants,    Bulbs,    and  i 

Garden  Sundries  can  be  had  = 

from    Ryders    in    the    best    quality  = 

and  at  very  low  prices.  = 

Send  a  Post   Card  for   RYDERS  = 

FREE      CATALOGUE     to-day.  = 

I    RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS  = 

=                                         (liy,h-r  S  Son  (»."«)  /,(,(.)  ^ 
^llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli? 


.^2.&i^ 


••  .fs-7 


B 


S^ 


FLOWER  SEEDS  to  sozo   now 
in  frame  or  greenhouse. 

STOCKS,  targe  fld.,    ten  week, 
finest  mi.xed,  dd.perpkt. 
All-  the  -  Year    Round, 
beautiful  double  white, 
i)d.  and  i/-  per  pkt. 
„        Large    fid.    pyramidal, 
large     double    flozvers, 
mixed,  6d.  per  pkt. 
ASTERS,  Giant  Comet,  mixed; 
Giant  Comet, white, -OstrichPlume, 
white  ;    ditto,  mixed ;    Tntffant's 
Perfection,      mixed ;       Victoria, 
mixed  ;  Dwf.  Chrysanthemum,  fld. 
mixed ;    Sinensis,    single    mauve, 
pink,  and  white,  all  6d.  per  pkt., 
best  obtainable  strains. 
CARNATION.      finest     border 
vars.,  self  colours,  1/6  per  pkt. 
GLOXINIA,   finest    erect   fid., 
I  (6  per  pkt. 

PRIMULAS,  giant  fld.,  in  good 
variety  of  sep.  colours,  and  finest 
mixed,  i  /6  per  pkt. 
AURICULA  ALPINE,  finest 
strain  for  outdoor  culture,  6d.  pkt. 
NEMESIAS,  Triumph,  and 
Blue  Gem,  splendid  half-hardy 
annuals,  6d.  and  i/-  per  pkt.  ; 
sow  end  of  March. 
SALPIGLOSSIS  grandiflorus, 
very  fine  half-hardy  annuals, 
3rf.  and  6d. 

V^iX-V"  /■  R.  Pearson  S-Sons,  Ltd.. 

i(~v§y."j  Lowdhatn. 

)Cf-%       Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


>® 

'MX 


'Knur's-'' 


.a 


UWNS 


mm 


YO  U     should 
now  apply  a 
light     dressing     of 
Canary    Guano    to 
your  iawn.     Canary 
Guano    is    the    ideal 
fertilizer  for  renovat- 
ing worn  lawns,  and. 
applied  at  this  time,  it 
wrill  have  the  effect  of 
improving   the   quality 
of  the  grasses  and  oroducing   a    healthy 
growth 

Canary  Guano  is  specially  manufactured 
for  u-e  on  lawns  and  ma.  be  relied  upon 
to  contain  no  chemical  to  burn  the  grass. 


=iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii£ 

I          RYDERS  I 

I  Gorgeous  Gladiolus.  | 

=  Plant     Ryders     Gladioli     amongst     y  ur  = 

=  Carnations  or  between  any  of  the  plants  in  = 

=  the  front  half  of  the   Herbaceous  Border  = 

=  and    you    will    be   delighted    with    them.  = 

=  Ryders    Gladioli    bulbs   are   all   unusually  = 

^  large  and  well   ripened,  so  will  throw  up  ^ 

=  tall,    perfect    spikes   of  beautiful   flowers.  = 

I  18  VARIETIES  for  5/-  j 

=  We  will  send,  by  return,  one  bulb  each  of  = 

^  the    following,    carriage    paid,    for   5/-: —  ^ 

=  BRIMSTONE,  pure  light  yellow  ;  LOVELINESS,  = 

=  a  most  delightful  flower  ;   PANAMA,  a  large  = 

=  flowered,  deeper  coloured  America  ;  PEACE,  = 

=  enormous    pure    white    tinged    with    pale  ^ 

=  lilac;    PRINCE   OF   SCARLET,  an   especially  = 

=  desirable    sort ;     PRINCESS,    vivid    scarlet,  H 

=  flowers    open  w  dely  ;    GOLDEN   WEST,    the  = 

E  colour  of  the   setting   sun  ,   L'IMMACULEE,  = 

=  pure   white,    a    perfect   spike      Mrs.  FRANK  = 

E  PENDLETON,  soft  rose   pink,  with  crimson  E 

E  spot;     ORION,   delightful    pale  rose   pink;  H 

I  PINK   BEAUTY,    brilliant   rose    pink;    WAR,  = 

=  deep,   blood   red   shaded  darkest   crimson,  = 

E  and  6  bulbs  of  the  new  and  most  charming  E 

=  PRIMULINUS  hybrids.  E 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  | 

^  SEEDS  of  all  kiods.  iadudiog  many  unobtainable  elsewh"e  ;  E 

=  PLANTS.  ROSES.  TREES  nnd  SHRUBS.  GARDEN  TOOLS  = 

=           and  olher  SUNDRIES.     WRITE  FOR  FREE  LISTS.  H 

I  RYDERS  (Seed Dept.  11),  ST.  ALBANS  | 

=                                       I Rydey  &  Son  (1920)  Ltd.)  — 
illllilllliliilllllllllllllilllillillllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllll^ 


GET  THIS 
FREE  GUIDE 


TO-DAY. 


Simply  write  a  postcard  now  for  an  absolutely  free 
copy  of  our  beautifully  illustrated 

"GUIDE  TO 
GARDEN    WISDOM 
AND     GUARANTEED 
GARDEN   SEEDS." 

We  shall  be  delighted  to  send  it  to  you  absolutely 
freely,  and  without  any  sort  of  obligation  on  your  part. 
Ensures  Your  Garden  being  as  Lovely  and  as  Profit- 
able as  the  one  you  have  so  often  admired,  and  saves 
you  money,  too 

EVERY  PACKET  OF  SEEDS  ordered  thence 
MUST  grow  for  YOU  and  please  you  or  you  will  get  it 
REPLACED  FREELY.  Your  decision  is  absolutely 
final.  We  shall  not  be  there  'o  influence  you.  If  a 
Seedsman  has  not  confidence  enough  in  his  Seeds  to 
sell  them  under  a  plain  Guarantee,  they  are  obviously 
not  good  enough  for  YOUR  Garden. 

Please 'post  your:  card  to-day,  addressing  us  per- 
sonally." 

TOOGOOD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 

Seedsmen    to     H.M.     the     King,     and 

Growers  or  "  Better  Crops  "  Seeds  only. 

SOUTHAMPTON. 


S^Ml^t^l^,^^ 


No.  2574.— Vol,  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[March  19,  1921 


In  oiir  New  Year's  Number  we  expressed  the  opinion  that  this  year  would  prove  to  be  the  turning 
point  in  the  post-war  development  of  gardening  and  announced  our  intention  of  doing  all  in  our  power 
to  assist  that  development.  It  affords  us  considerable  pleasure,  therefore,  to  be  able  to  state  that  signs 
are  not  wanting  that  this  forecast  is  already  being  rapidly  fulfilled.  This  is  a  most  happy  augury  for 
the  future.  An  exceptionally  large  number  of  new  readers  have  been  added  to  The  Garden,  and 
apparently  many  of  these  were  not  previously  readers  of  any  gardening  paper.  They  are  all  the  more 
welcome  for  that  very  reason.  The  novice  is  worthy  of  every  encouragement,  and  it  is  our  desire  to 
help  beginners  and  yet  at  the  same  time  to  interest  the  advanced  horticulturist  as  far  as  it  lies  in  our  power 
to  do  so.  Our  columns  are  always  open  to  suggestions  from  readers,  who  should  not  hesitate  to  ask  advice 
on  gardening  difficulties,  and  in  turn  give  to  others  the  benefit  of  their  experience.  Expressions  of  opinion 
on  matters  relating  to  all  branches  of  gardening  are  welcomed  :  it  is  fresh  eyes  that  so  often  see  things  of 
special  interest.  As  our  issues  devoted  to  annual  flowers  and  vegetables  have  gained  for  us  many  new  friends 
and  warm  congratulations  from  old  friends,  we  hope  that  the  numbers  we  are  issuing  on  perennials  will 
further  interest  the  ever  enlarging  circle  of  readers.  Our  programme  for  the  future  is  a  most  attractive  one, 
and  we  hope  shortly  to  make  some  interesting  announcements  to  our  readers. 


PRIMULA  DEXTICT'LATA  illustrated  on 
this  page  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
of  all  the  earlier  members  of  the  Primula 
family.  The  large  globular  heads  of 
i5ower.  pale  lilac  in  colour,  remain  in 
good  condition  for  an  unusually  long  time,  while 
it  has  the  advantage  of  being  truly  perennial. 
It  appears  to  the  best  advantage  against  a  slaty 
grey  rock,  on  the  shaded  side,  which  throws  the 
handsome  foliage  and  flowers  into 
strong  relief.  The  variety  alba  is 
extremely  attractive  and  succeeds 
splendidly  as  an  edging  to  a  shady 
border,  where  the  foot- tall  flower 
stems  are  produced  very  freely  until 
the  end  of  May.  Cashmeriana 
rubra  is  the  strongest  coloured 
form,  reddish  violet,  but  not  so 
beautiful  as  the  type.  Seeds  sown 
in  pans  in  a  cold  frame  during 
spring,  and  planted  out  later  in 
summer,  will  give  flowering  plants 
for  the  following  year,  these  re- 
appearing with  renewed  vigour 
year  after  j'ear 
The    Pentstemon.  —  in   the  red 

soil  of  Scotland  and  the  Midland 
counties  no  plant  succeeds  better 
than  the  Pentstemon,  and  there 
are  very  few  to  equal  it  as  a  border 
plant.  Its  position,  whether  in 
shade  or  full  sunshine,  seems  to 
make'  no  difference  either  to  the 
beauty  or  abundance  of  the 
flowers  it  produces.  Some  of 
the  scarlet,  crimson  and  purple 
varieties  have  pure  w^hite  throats  which 
enhance  their  charm.  Like  other  herbaceous 
plants,  Pentstemons  are  increased  by  divid- 
ing the  roots,  an  operation  that  is  best  done 
at  the  beginning  of  April — -sooner  or  later,  accord- 
ng  to  season.  Cuttings  may  also  be  made  of 
1  e  lateral  shoots  when  they  are  about  4  inches 
r  5  inches  long. 


A  Beautiful  Early-flowering  Shrub.— In  spite 

of  the  fact  that  Parrotia  persica  was  introduced 
into  this  country  as  far  back  as  1848,  it  is  very 
seldom  found  in  gardens.  It  is  a  very  attractive 
plant  in  February  and  early  March  when  whole 
branches  are  profusely  furnished  with  flowers, 
the  crimson-tipped  stamens  of  the  male  blossom 
being     beautiful     and     uncommon.  Although 

perfectly  hardy,   it  benefits  if  sheltered  by  other 


FREE     FLOWERING     FORM     OF     PRIMULA     DENTICULATA 


trees  from  the  cold  winds.  Apart  from  its 
attraction  at  this  season  of  the  year,  it  is  one  of 
the  most  ornamental  of  foliage  plants  during 
the  autumn. 

Ornamental  Grasses  for  Cutting. — There  are 
a  large  number  of  beautiful  grasses  that  can  be 
sown  in  the  open  ground  at  the  present  time. 
During  the  summer  they  will  be  found  of  great 


value  for  mixing  with  other  cut  flowers,  or' if  cut 
before  they  are  fully  developed  they  may  be 
dried,  when  they  will  be  found  ^excellent  for  mixing 
with  everlasting  flowers  for  winter  decoration. 

Pruning  Ivy.- — Few  plants  are  so  generally 
serviceable  as  varieties  of  Ivy  for  covering  a  wall, 
for  clothing  bare  places  under  trees,  or  for  hiding 
unsightly  objects.  Ivies  may  be  planted  now, 
and  if  established  plants  in  pots  can  be  obtained 
so  much  the  better,  '  as  they  grow 
straight  away  without  a  check. 
There  are  a  number  of  varieties 
to  select  from,  and  although  the 
large-leaved  kinds  grow  quickly, 
the  smaller-leaved  varieties  are 
usually  preferred  for  most  purposes. 
To  keep  Ivy  bright  it  should  be 
cut  over  once  a  year  to  remove 
the  old  leaves.  This  is  best  done 
now,  for  although  Ivy  can  be  cut 
at  almost  any  time  during  the 
winter,  by  leaving  it  until  the 
present  time  it  soon  becomes  furnished 
with  new  leaves  and  therefore  does 
not   remain  bare  so  long. 

Planting  Potatoes.  —  March  and 
April  are  the  best  months  for  plant- 
ing Potatoes.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  close  planting  is  a  source  of 
disease  and  poor  crops.  The  follow- 
ing are  safe  distances  to  plant : 
Early  varieties,  i  foot  from  set  to 
set.  18  inches  to  2  feet  between  the 
rows ;  second  varieties,  12  inches 
to  16  inches  from  set  to  set, 
2  feet  to  2i  feet  between  the  rows  ; 
maincrop.  18  inches  from  set  to  set,  3  feet 
between  the  rows. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 

March  32.— Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Fort- 
nightly Meeting.  Lecture  at  3  p.m.  by  Mrs.  Arber 
on  "  Some  Early  Herbals." 

March  30. — Irish  Gardeners'  Association  Meeting 


134 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  19,  1921. 


GLADIOLI    FOR    A    DISPLAY    IN    LATE   SUMMER 


The   Gorgeous   Sword  Lily   Should  be   Planted 
Within   the  Next  Few   Weeks 


THE    PINK    BUGLE    LILY 

GLADIOLUS     (WATSONIA 

ROSEA 


GLADIOLUS    AMERICA, 
COLOUR    SOFT   ROSE. 


GLADIOLI     GIVE     DIGNITY     TO     THE     LATE     SUMMER     BORDER. 


WHEN   one   thinks   of   the   tens   of 
thousands  of  the  sons  of  men  who 
take   joy   in   their   gardens,  it  is 
amazing  that  the  Gladiolus  should 
so    frequently   be    overlooked  at 
planting    time.     Too    formal,    too    stiff    for    real 
decorative  effect,  is  the  only  opprobrium  I   have 
ever  heard  levelled   at   this  most  lovable  flower. 
Probably,  too,  some  varieties  deserve  such  censure, 
just  as  some  Delphiniums  do,  but  the  Primulinus 
hybrids    have    utterly    routed    criticism    on    that 
score  and  in  a  few  years  time  growers  wUl  have 
an  almost  infjnite  variety  of  sorts  to  choose  from, 
and  prices  will  be  within  anyone's  reach.     Any- 
way, there  is  hardly  a  plant  in  the  garden  that  will 
do  so  much  for  itself  without  attention.     There  is, 
indeed,   practically  nothing  for   the  cultivator   to 
do  but  to  plant  the  corm,  and  in  summer  provide  a 
stake   to  protect   the   lengthening  spear  of  green 
from   the   buffeting   of  winds.     But   a   good  site, 
with   sunshine   above   ground   and   well   prepared 
sou  beneath,    are  necessary  for  good   results.     If 
the  soil  is  heavy,  good  drainage  should  be  secured, 
and  the  corms  planted  about  3  J  inches  to  4  inches 
cm   the   surface.     In  light   ground   5    inches   to 
5 J  inches  is  not  too  deep.     It  is  well  worth  while 
taking   the   trouble  to  surround   each   corm  with 
silver  sand  and  crushed  charcoal  or  wood  ashes. 
This   ensures   a   clean,   healthy   growth   and   very 
largely  prevents   wireworra    and  other  pests  from 
molesting  the  corms.     The  better  class  Primulinus 
hybrids   make   exquisite   pot   plants   for  the  con- 
servatory or  cold  greenhouse.     For   this   purpose 
use  good  soil,  an  unctuous  medium  such  as  is  used 
for  potting  Carnations  is  very  suitable,   and  put 
the  corms  in  deep  enough  to  be  covered  by  about 
an  inch  of  soil.     Four  corms  to  an  8- inch  pot  or 
five  in  a  g-inch  make  a  fine  show.     The  pots  should 
be  sunk  in  ashes  to  the  brim  for  a  few  weeks  to 
encourage    strong    root     action,     though     this    is 
not     absolutely    essential.      The    Gladiolus    likes 
a  moist  atmosphere,   especially    in    hot    weather, 


so    the    syringe    should    be    freely    used    at    such 
times.  J.  L.  Gibson. 


In  days  when  "  the  charm  of  the  old  world  garden  " 
is  a  phrase  that  is  more  freely  used  than  under- 
stood, it  is  interesting  to  contemplate  sometimes 
how  ineffably  dull  some  of  those  old  world  gardens 


THE    PARENT    OF  A   NEW   RACE   OF  GLADIOLI 
(G.    PRIMULINUS    MAID    OF    THE    MIST). 


would  appear  to  us  to-day.  There  may  be,  indeed 
there  is,  "  In  the  things  that  Time  hath  bent,  a 
spirit's  feeling."  I  do  not  think,  however,  that  an 
unlimited  sensation  of  ghostly  touch  would  be 
sufficient  compensation  for  an  exchange  of  the 
garden  Gladioli  of  even  one  hundred  and  fifty  years 
ago  with  those  of  to-day.  At  that  time  we  are 
told  "  There  is  but  one  species  common  to  English 
gardens,  out  of  which  are  many  eminent  varieties." 
.■\s  these  '■  many  eminent  varieties"  resolve  them- 
selves into  "  Common  red,  common  purple  and 
common  white,  with  flowers  on  one  side  of  the 
stalk,"  and  ditto  with  "  flowers  ranged  in  double 
series,"  there  would  appear  to  be  nothing  very 
exciting  or  interesting  among  the  Corn  Flags  or 
Sword  Lilies  of  that  day. 

It  was  M.  Lemoine  about  1840  or  1841  (both 
famous  for  things  now  obsolete — penny  postage 
and  the  Crystal  Palace),  who  gave  the  first  impetus 
towards  popularity  of  these  beautiful  garden 
flowers. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  he  introduced  the 
race  known  as  gandavensis,  although  the  actual 
work  of  hybridising  G.  psittacinus  with  G.  oppo- 
sitiflorus  was  not  his  own.  Purity  of  colour  was 
the  dominant  characteristic  of  this  race,  which  is 
still  as  popular  as  ever.  For  forty  years  it  held  its 
own,  and  again  the  firm  of  Lemoine  came  to  the 
fore  with  a  new  race,  evolved  by  the  introduction  of 
the  blood  of  another  species,  G.  purpureo-auratus. 
These  were  called  Lemoinei,  and  are  characterised 
by  beautiful  blotches,  often  in  distinct  contrast  to 
the  flower  itself  on  the  lower  petals.  1 1  was  among 
these  there  first  appeared  the  violet  and  purple 
shades  typified  by  Baron  Joseph  Hulot.  At  first 
many  of  the  flowers  in  this  race  were  comparatively 
small,  but  the  habit  was,  and  remains  to-day, 
among  the  most  graceful. 

By  crossing  this  race  with  G.  Saundersii  a  new  type 
was  produced,  again  by  the  same  firm,  and  sent  out 
as  nanceianus  In  this  many  of  the  varieties  are 
comparatively  dwarf,  the  blotches  become  subdued 


March  iq,  19  21.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


135 


to  suffusions  and  veinings  and  are  usually  found 
on  cream  or  pure  white  throats. 

Since  then  progress  has  been  rapid  and  inter- 
national. Childs  and  Groff  in  America,  and 
Kelway  in  England,  have  each  contributed  largely 
to  the  improvement  of  the  genus.  Incidentally 
a  great  deal  of  distinctive  characteristic  has  been 
lost,  and  although  the  varieties  are  generally 
broadly  divided  up  into  Lemoinci  types,  ganda- 
vensis  types  and  so  on,  the  terms  have  little 
meaning  in  the  case  of  most  of  the  best  sorts. 
America  in  particular  has  made  giant  strides  in 
the  production  of  beautiful  forms,  and  colours 
undreamt  of  twenty  years  ago  are  common 
to-day. 

Among  the  hybrid  races  perhaps  the  most 
distinctive  to-day  are  the  primulinus  hybrids. 
The  t^'pe.  Gladiolus  primulinus  Jlaid  of  the  Mist 
is  a  charming  species,  with  clear  yellow  flowers. 
The  upper  petal  forms  a  protective 
hood  over  the  stamens.  This  charac- 
teristic is  said  to  be  the  result  of 
evolutionary  adaptation  to  environ- 
ment, in  that  the  plant  was  discovered 
growing  in  the  mists  of  the  Victoria 
Falls  and  that  nature  provided  the 
hood  to  protect  the  pollen  from  the 
damp.  The  results  of  crossing  this 
with  the  Lemoinei  and  other  races 
was  to  produce  an  intermediate  colour 
group  in  soft  shades  of  buff,  orange, 
flame  and  many  indefinite  and  in- 
describable tints  that  are  infinitely 
pleasing.  \\'hat  is  more,  in  most  of 
these  the  hooded  upper  petal  has  not 
been  sacrificed. 

One  of  the  chief  values  of  the  Gladioli 
lies  in  the  opportunity  they  offer  to 
provide  autumn  colour  in  the  flower 
border.  One  so  frequently  hears  the 
regret  expressed  that  the  dominant 
colour  in  the  late  summer  and  autumn 
border  is  yellow.  There  is  no  excuse 
for  this  with  the  wealth  of  colour  that 
exists  among  the  Gladioli  of  to-day. 
It  is  a  bold  assertion,  but  a  true  one, 
that  every  colour,  tone  or  shade  that 
can  be  found  among  the  May-flower- 
ing and  Darwin  Tulips  can  be 
found  in  the  Gladiolus.  There  is  no 
colour  scheme  of  which  the  garden  is 
capable  that  cannot  be  produced  with 
them,  and  among  them  can  be  found 
shades  that  will  offer  contrast  or  har- 
mony with  every  other  flower  in  the 
borders  at  the  same  period.  By  plant- 
ing at  intervals  from  early  April  on  to 
the  latter  part  of  May,  a  succession  of 
flower  can  be  obtained  that  will  provide  colour 
from  late  August  to  the  end  of  October,  and 
last  season  some  of  the  late-planted  primulinus 
types   lasted   well   into  Xovember. 

It  is  quite  impossible  to  enumerate  all  the 
best  varieties,  there  are  so  many,  but  there  are 
a  few  that  should  always  be  planted.  No  one,  for 
instance,  would  think  of  leaving  out  the  fine  old 
scarlet  Brenchleyensis,  or  the  now  equally  well 
known  pink,  America,  and  a  few  others  of  equal 
merit — without  going  into  the  range  of  the  highly 
priced  novelties — are  Baron  Joseph  Hulot,  violet 
purple  ;  Blue  Jay,  an  indescribable  pale  purple, 
with  a  good  deal  of  white  in  the  throat ;  Dawn, 
pink,  with  claret  throat  ;  Mrs.  Francis  King, 
salmon  scarlet ;  Magia,  pale  yellow,  with  blush 
tint  on  petals  ;  Flora,  soft  yellow  ;  Europe,  pure 
white ;  Liebesfeuer,  coral  scarlet ;  Loveliness, 
cream,  yellow  ground,  suffused  apricot ;  War, 
deep  blood  red  ;  H  alley,  salmon  pink,  with  white 
and  red  throat. 

Tuiibridge  Wells.  G.   Dillistone. 


Near  Relatives  of  the  Gladiolus 

The  Beautiful  Bugle  Lily  or  Walsonia 

The  Bugle  Lilies  are  related  to  the  Gladioli  and 
the  one  illustrated,  viz.,  Watsonia  rosea,  has 
been  described  and  figured  by  some  botanical 
authorities  under  the  name  Gladiolus  pyramidalis. 
It  is  a  very  pretty  species,  growing  over  4  feet 
in  height,  with  bright  rose  flowers  freely  disposed 
on  branching  spikes.  Perhaps  the  best  known 
Bugle  Lily  in  cultivation  is  Watsonia  alba,  other- 
wise known  as  W.  Ardernei.  The  Bugle  Lilies 
are  nati\es  of  South  Africa  and  are  comparatively 
easily  grown.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  they  will 
become  more  widely  known,  as  they  are  admirably 
adapted  to  general  garden  cultivation,  as  well  as 
for  decorative  purposes  in  pots.  For  growing  in 
open  borders  successional  plantings  during  spring 


iiveetly  scented.  They  vary  in  colour  from  pure 
white  to  deep  pink,  and  many  have  a  well  coloured 
dark  blotch  at  the  base  of  the  petals.  They  are 
capital  for  use  in  a  sunny  rock  wall  where  they 
form  hanging  sheets  of  leaf  and  bloom,  often  a 
yard  or  more  in  depth,  though  some  of  them  are 
more  tufty  in  habit.  Tlicy  are  also  good  as  edgings 
or  in  any  kind  of  rockwork,  always  in  full  sun  and 
preferably   in   a   chalky  soil.  G.    J. 


A     M.\GNIFICENT     BORDER     OF     GLADIOLI     AT     WISLEY, 


will  result  in  a  flowering  period  from  July  to 
October.  They  are  admirable  for  association  with 
clumps  of  Phloxes,  the  two  flowering  together  with 
pleasing  effect.  When  planted  in  heavy  soil  it  is 
advisable  to  lift  the  corms  after  flowering  drying 
them  well  and  storing  as  in  the  case  of  choice 
Gladioli,  replanting  in  the  spring.  On  light  soil 
they  may  remain  out  during  winter  in  safety  if  a 
light  covering  of  bracken  is  provided  should  the 
weather  be  hard  and  frosty.  Bugle  Lihes  are 
almost  certain  to  thrive  and  flower  well  in  a  soil 
that  suits  the  Wand  Flower  or  Sparaxis.       H.  C. 


ROCK     PINKS 

These  pretty  little  Pinte,  easily  grown  from  seed, 
are  interestiug  to  watch  for  desirable  variations 
as  well  as  for  their  own  sake.  They  are  hybrids  of 
a  number  of  species,  such  as  D.  caesius,  plumarius 
and  superbus.  They  may  be  single  or  double  ;  tlie 
greater  number  are  richly  fringed  at  the  edge  and 


Wiring  Old  Garden  Walls 

Many  readers  may,  like  myself,  have  old  worn- 
out  walls  and  be  desirous  of  wiring  them,  but 
who,  having  at  different  times  read  the 
disastrous  accounts  of  injury  to  the  branches 
of  fruit  trees,  may  be  deterred  from  using  wire 
and  go  on  with  the  old  nail-riddled  walls  as 
usual.  The  garden  walls  here  are  all 
built  of  rubble  limestone,  which  is  most 
uneven,  many  of  the  blocks  being  from 
12  inches  to  18  inches  thick,  and  no  two 
stones  in  the  whole  of  the  walls  of  the 
same  shape  and  thickness.  A  nail  might 
be  driven  into  ten  places  before  a  hold 
could  be  got,  and  thus  labour  lost  and 
work  badly  done.  I  have  repaired  over 
700  yards  in  length  of  these  walls,  which 
are  from  9  feet  to  12  feet  high,  and 
wired  them  with  No.  12  galvanised  wire 
with  the  most  satisfactory  results.  I  will 
now  state  how  I  proceeded.  When  the 
leaves  drop  in  autumn  the  trees  are 
carefully  loosened  from  the  wall  and 
the  brandies  tied  in  bundles  to  stakes, 
so  that  the  surface  of  the  wall  may  be 
free  for  repair.  All  the  large  holes  and 
uneven  places  are  weU  filled  with  mortar 
made  of  good  quickUme  and  forge  dust ; 
this  makes  a  capital  tough  mortar  and. 
being  dark,  is  not  conspicuous.  Galvan- 
ised eyelets  are  then  driven  half  tlieir 
S  length  into  the  wall,  and  in  straight  lines 

'i  about  7  feet  apart  and  S  inches  from  line 

to  line.  .An  iron  bar  with  holes  8  inches 
I]'  irt  is  fixed  at  about  every  300  feet. 
i  liese  bars  are  well  fastened  to  the  wall 
with  strong  brads  to  which  the  wire  is 
fastened  and  strained  to  the  second  bar, 
300  feet  being  quite  enough  to  tighten 
with  an  ordinary  wire  strainer.  These 
bars  need  not  be  more  than  1  incli  by 
half  an  inch  thick.  I  then  make  a  very 
thick  wash  with  quicklime,  a  little 
lampblack  and  tar  to  tone  down  the 
colour ;  this  is  then  well  rubbed  over 
the  wall,  filling  every  nail  hole  and 
crevice.  This  thoroughly  destroys  all  insect  life. 
The  brush  we  use  is  tlie  stiff  kind  used  for  tarring. 
The  handle  is  about  4  feet  long,  so  that  the  workman 
can  use  two  hands,  and  thus  work  the  stiff  mixture 
into  every  crevice.  Since  I  have  used  this  lime 
and  tar  mixture  on  the  Cherry  walls  the  black 
aphides  have  given  very  little  trouble.  .-Vfter  the 
limewash  is  dry  I  then  thread  the  wke  through  the 
eyelets,  fasten  to  the  end  bar,  and  strain  to  the 
second  moderately  tight ;  the  eyelets  are  then 
driven  close  into  the  wall.  In  tying  the  trees  to 
the  wire  we  pass  the  matting  once  around  the 
wire  before  tying  the  branches.  This  is  necessary 
to  keep  the  shoots  in  place,  and  may  prevent 
the  branch  from  coming  in  contact  with  the  wire. 
I  have  .Apricot,  Peach,  Cherry,  Fig  and  Plum 
trees  trained  on  galvanised  wire  with  the  most 
satisfactory  results,  and  I  think  where  evil  has 
happened  is  in  consequence  of  branches  being 
fastened  too  tightly  to  tlie  wire,  and  an  obstruction 
has  been  caused  to  the  sap  and  injury  done. 
County   Cork.  Q. 


136 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  19,  1921. 


THE    BEST 


LUPINES    FOR 
BORDERS 


FLOWER 


in  September  and  October.  These  plants  will  bear 
division  the  following  spring  or  cuttings  may  be 
taken  and  rooted  in  any  ordinary  cold  greenhouse 
or  frame.  J.  H. 


A   Greater   Variety   of   Colours  is  Now   Obtainable 


PROBABLY  no  hardy  garden  plant  is  so 
well  known  and  so  generally  cultivated 
as  the  perennial  Lupine  ;  especially  does 
this  remark  apply  to  the  section  known 
as  polyphyllus  ;  this  is  truly  herbaceous 
and  is  one  of  the  few  herbaceous  plants  that  will 
flower  satisfactorily  from  seed  sown  the  same 
season  ;  this  it  will  do  if  sown  out  of 
doors  in  March  or  April.  i 

Xhe  plant  itself  is  ornamental  in 
appearance,  having  long  stemmed 
leaves,  each  of  which  is  divided 
into  a  dozen  or  so  narrow  leaflets. 
The  pea-shaped  flowers  are  gracefully 
arranged  in  whorls  on  long  elegant 
tapering  spikes  often  aj  feet  to  3  feet 
in  length.  It  requires  little  imagina- 
tion to  realise  that  an  established 
plant  bearing  from  twelve  to  twenty 
spikes,  all  in  bloom  at  once,  presents 
a  very  stately  and  imposing  appear- 
ance. 

Until  within  recent  years  blues, 
whites  and  bicolors  (blue  and  white) 
represented  the  range  of  colour  to  be 
found  in  this  family  of  plants.  A  few 
years  ago,  however,  a  rose  coloured 
variety  made  its  debut  in  the  garden 
of  a  wayside  cottage.  Happily  it 
was  discovered  and  appropriated  by 
a  fortunate  member  of  the  nursery 
trade. 

The  introduction  of  this  rose 
coloured  variety  marked  an  epoch  in 
the  history  of  Lupinus  polyphyllus, 
as  from  that  date  the  range  of 
colour  widened,  until  at  the  present 
time  there  is  practically  no  colour  or 
shade  of  colour  unrepresented  in  the 
family.  Some  of  these  are  selfs,  i.e.. 
wholly  one  colour,  while  others  are  bi- 
colors and  tricolors,  some  have  colours 
and  shades  of  colour  so  associated  as 
to  defy  description  and  try  the 
palette  and  proficiency  of  the  most 
gifted  floral  artist. 

There  is  no  need  to  elaborate  or 
detail  the  wonderful  variety  of  colour- 
ings now  present  in  these  Lupines, 
though  a  bright  scarlet  and  a  but- 
tercup yellow  may  not  as  yet  have 
been    discovered. 

Readers  will  be  well  repaid  if  they 
keep  an  "  open  eye  "  when  \dsiting  the 
leading  horticultural  exhibitions  this 
season.  Lupines  will  be  largely  in 
evidence.  Several  firms  of  high 
standing  have  varieties  of  more  than  passing  interest 
to  bring  before  the  notice  of  those  "  who  love  a 
flower  show." 

A  selection  that  will  please  the  most  fastidious  is 
as  follows  :  Moerheimi  (peach,  dull  white  wings  ; 
this  is  quite  a  dwarf  variety),  Ariande  (violet  blue, 
white  wings),  Lavender  Queen,  Frank  Boustead 
(biscuit  colour,  yellow  wings),  Joan  Bown  (soft 
rose,  creamy  yellow  wings  ;  this  is  very  choice), 
Nellie  (nearly  white),  China  Blue.  Isis  (self  blue), 
Mauve  Queen,  Rose  Queen  (deep  fiery  rose).  Rosea 
Bicolor  (rose  and  white),  Nora  (lilac  rose).  Summer 
Cloud  (pale  blue,  shaded  deeper  blue).  May  Queen 
(purple),  Ruby  King  and  Delight  (chocolate  and 
pink).    Seed  and  seedling  plants  of  good  strains  are 


easily  procurable,  a  strain  known  as  Regal  Lupines 
is  offered  by  most  seedsmen  and  is  a  very  choice 
strain. 

Lupinus  nootkatensis  is  a  fine  dwarf  early 
flowering  herbaceous  variety,  colour  purple  and 
creamy  white,  the  foliage  is  very  distinct,  being 
massive  and  with  broader  leaflets  than  poh^jhyllus. 


IRISES    ARE 
JUNE 


AMONG     lili. 
FLOWERS. 


MUST     BE.\UTIFUL 


As  they  flower  at  the  same  time  and  complement  one  another  the 
best  effects  are  gained  by  planting  them  together. 


L.  Gladys  Robson,  colour  pale  lavender,  is  a  fine 
hybrid  nootkatensis. 

Lupinus  arboreus  (Tree  Lupines)  are  too  large 
for  any  ordinary  border  ;  they  require  space  for 
development,  as  they  often  grow  8  feet  high  and 
8  feet  to  12  feet  in  width.  Where  room  can  be 
afforded  they  are  certainly  very  handsome.  Yellow 
and  whites  predominate,  but  they  are  now  to  be 
had  in  a  great  variety  of  very  lovely  colours. 
Hybrids  (arboreus  x  pol\-phyllus)  are  interesting 
and.  where  the  arboreus  blood  has  not  been 
too  assertive,  their  value  as  border  plants  is 
enhanced. 

Propagation  by  seed  is  exceptionally  interesting. 
Spring  sown  seed  will  produce  plants  to  flower  well 


The  Rose  Society's  Choice 
of  the  Best  Roses 

It  has  been  truthfully  said  that  the  members 
of  the  National  Rose  Society  obtain  the  full 
value  for  their  half-guinea  subscription  in 
literature  alone.  The  Rose  Annual  soon  to 
appear  is  well  worth  the  money, 
but  that  is  not  all  that  is  supplied. 
We  have  before  us  a  copy  of  the 
Society's  Select  List  of  Roses  and 
Instructions  for  Pruning,  and  as  this 
is  only  supplied  to  members,  we 
strongly  advise  those  readers  who  are 
irot  already  members  to  enrol  them- 
selves at  once. 

In  the  little  work  mentioned,  the 
amateur  and  beginner  in  Rose  growing 
will  find  the  pruning  instructions  most 
helpful ;  indeed,  one  cannot  go  wrong 
ia  the  often  puzzling  details  of  pruning 
if  this  book  is  thoroughly  well  studied. 
There  are  some  excellent  illustrations 
which  will  assist  the  novice  to  master 
this  somewhat  intricate  matter. 

As  to  the  selections,  the  Society 
point  out  that  it  is  not  a  catalogue. 
The  most  able  minds  among  Rose 
growers  have  compiled  a  select  list  so 
that  no  one  need  fear  obtaining  the 
Roses  they  desire  from  the  names 
given.  We  find  no  fault  whatever 
with  the  selection  excepting  that 
we  miss  some  good  and  tried 
Roses,  whereas  some  novelties  are 
inserted  which  cannot  possibly  have 
had  a  sufficient  trial.  For  instance. 
Coral  Cluster  is  named.  As  far  as 
we  know  this  Rose  has  only  been 
exhibited  once  and  that  at  the  last 
autumn  show.  We  believe  it  is  a 
sport  of  Orleans  Rose,  and  who  can 
say  it  is  a  fixed  sport  ? 

Taking  them  at  random,  the  fol- 
lowing grand  Roses  find  no  place  in 
this  selection.  Amateur  Teyssier, 
one  of  the  loveliest  of  garden 
Roses  ;  Peace,  a  most  beautiful  sport 
of  G.  Nabonnand ;  Johanna  Sebus, 
a  most  beautiful  Rose  and  one  of 
the  sweetest ;  Entente  Cordiale,  a 
very  chaste  Rose  and  of  delicious 
fragrance,  quite  one  of  Pernet- 
Duchers  best ;  )  Grange  Colombe,  a 
splendid  long  bud ;  Warrior,  a  fine 
red  bedder ;  Lina  Schmidt  Michel, 
one  of  the  grandest  of  our  shrub 
Roses  ;  Lady  Dunleath,  really  exquisite  in  form 
and  fragrance ;  Mrs.  T.  Hillas.  a  fine  yellow ; 
Maj-flower,  quite  a  useful  show  bloom  ;  Sachsen- 
gruss,  a  noble  flower  as  big  as  Druschki,  with  the 
most  delightfiU  shell  pink  flowers  ;  Theresa  and 
Souvenir  de  Stella  Gray,  two  choice  colours  that 
should  be  in  every  collection  ;  Souvenir  de  Gustave 
Prat,  a  most  delightful  yellow  of  sturdy  growth. 

In  the  selections  of  bedding  Roses  we  miss  one 
of  the  best  dark  reds,  W.  C.  Gaunt. 

Considering  the  great  value  of  the  polyantha 
pompon  for  bedding,  we  think  a  larger  list  than 
seven  could  have  been  usefully  given.  Triomphe 
Orleanaise  and  Merveille  de  Rouges  are  two 
fine   reds   and   Mme.   Jules   Gouchault   and   Perle 


March  19,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


137 


Orleanaise  are  quite  two  of  the  best  pinks.  Some 
of  these  occur  in  the  body  of  list,  but  they  should 
be  in  the  selections.  Among  ramblers  we  miss  that 
grand  variety  Miss  Helyett,  also  Purity  and  Galaxy. 

When  there  is  such  a  demand  from  the  general 
public  for  fragrant  Roses,  we  think  this  selection  of 
very  fragrant  varieties  might  have  been  consider- 
ably increased.  As  a  correspondent  put  it  recently, 
"  a  Rose  without  fragrance  is  simply  a  flower,  it 
is  not  a  Rose."  We  are  of  opinion  that  the  Society 
might  well  in  any  future  selection  put  a  mark 
against  all  Roses  that  have  fragrance,  arranging 
them  in  two  or  three  degrees :  very  fragrant, 
fragrant,  and  sweet — or  something  on  these  lines. 

Mention  is  made  of  certain  Roses  as  being  too 
much  alike,  but  strangely  they  do  not  appear  in 
the  select  lists.  These  are  Alfred  Colombe,  Charles 
LefebvTc,  Duke  of  Wellington,  Marie  Baumaim, 
Prince  C.  de  Rohan.  In  our  opinion  it  is  a  mistake 
to  be  too  drastic  in  eliminating  the  hybrid  per- 
petuals.  Some  of  them  are  far  superior  to  the 
lybrid  teas,  especially  for  town  gardens. 


PLANTS     FOR    THE    FRONT    OF    THE 
HERBACEOUS    BORDER 

In   Addition   to   Annuals    there    are    many    Perennials   which 
can   be   Appropriately    Used 


September    Michaelmas 
Daisies 

CooD  forms  of  the  perennial  Asters  are  now  so 
many  that  there  is  no  trouble  in  picking  out  a 
certain   number   specially   for   September   and   so 


THE  front  of  a  herbaceous  border  may 
be  dealt  with  in  more  than  one  way  to 
produce  good  effect,  but  the  average 
treatment  of  such  a  border  is  alike 
from  back  to  front  and  from  end  to 
end,  making  difficult  if  not  ruling  out  any  special 
dealing  with  the  front.  Additions  and  variations 
of  this  planting  include  groups  of  annuals  in  the 
larger  spaces  with  a  bordering  or  edging  of  early 
spring  bulbs,  Pinks,  Violas,  or  whatever  may  be 
preferred  by  the  owner  as  a  finish  off.  A  more 
recent  bordering  arrangement  than  the  foregoing — 
albeit  not  yet  widely  adopted — is  that  of  embedding 
suitable  stones  along  the  front  and  planting  in 
between  them  appropriate  plants,  the  whole 
being  expressive  of  a  rock  garden  like  effect  and 
giving  a  decidedly  artistic  and  meritorious  ruling. 
Another  and  less  pretentious  way  of  seeking  to 
add  early  and  late  beauty  to  the  herbaceous  border 
frontal  is  the  plan  followed  here. 

A  certain  width — ours  is  4J  feet  to  5  feet,  but 
this  could  be  less  or  more  according  to  the  size 


rather  than  as  small  groups  here  and  there  and 
before  the  bulk  of  the  plants  at  the  rear  of  the 
border  are  not  more  than  half-grown.  This  done 
is  no  mean  gain  where  a  gardener  has  to  obtain 
an  effect  as  early  as  possible.  Another  weighty 
point  to  be  advanced  for  this  system  is  that  a 
group  of  pot -grown  or  frame-growTi  stuff  having 
been  duly  hardened  can  be  introduced  in  any 
stage  of  growth  and  at  any  time  of  the  year — a 
truly  valuable  asset  when  something  fails  after 
having  been  timed  to  give  satisfaction  during  a 
particular  week  or  month.  Then  there  is  the 
profit  derived  from  being  able  to  more  easily  and 
satisfactorily  look  after  such  plants  in  the  front  of 
a  border  than  when  distributed  among  late- 
flowering  subjects.  Of  course  no  border  need  be 
so  treated  its  whole  length,  but  in  sections  only 
if  preferred,  the  intervening  spaces  being  filled 
out  to  the  path  with  herbaceous  plants. 

For  the  purpose  outlined  I  have  used  the  follow- 
ing plants :  Antirrhinums,  Asters  (aimual), 
Canterbury  Bells,  Carnations,  Geraniums  (Zonal), 
Geum,  Iris  (Spanish),  Nasturtiums, 
Pentstemons.  Sweet  William,  Verbenas 
(bedding).  Verbena  venosa,  Violas  and 
Zinnias.  Many  others  can  be  suggested, 
and  there  is  no  reason  why  such  planting 
could  not  be  done  with  blocks  of  all 
annuals,  except  that  rotation  planting 
must  be  studied  to  keep  a  continuous 
show.  Where  Verbena  venosa  will  stand 
the  winter  its  position  need  not  be 
disturbed  annually.  Asters  do  well 
placed  between  Violas,  and  prolong  the 
season  of  flowering  on  the  border,  as  do 
dwarf  Nasturtiums  put  between  Canter- 
bury Bells,  yellow  between  the  pui-ple 
plants  and  scarlet  between  pink  plants; 
while  Zinnias  planted  between  Sweet 
Williams  serve  to  carry  on  very  credit- 
ably the  brightness  and  worth  associ- 
ated with  the  name  of  the  latter  old 
friend.  And  an  intermingling  of  Carna- 
tions and  Spanish  Iris  vrill  lengthen 
the  period  of  flowering  for  the  section 
of  ground  they  occupy.  C.  T. 

Ampihill  Park  Gardens. 


BORDERS     OF     SEPTEMBER     MICHAELMAS     DAISIES 

Improved  by  an  informal  edging  of  Aster  acris,  Sedum    spectabile  and  the  silvery-grey  of 

Stachys  lanata. 


securing  a  fine  show  for  a  good  three  weeks,  keeping 
the  later  kinds  in  a  separate  border  for  October. 
In  the  double  border  illustrated  the  kinds  are  by 
no  means  the  newest,  but  are  some  of  the  older 
standard  sorts,  such  as  F.  W.  Burbidge,  Shortii, 
Topsawyer,  umbellatus.  acris,  with  some  home- 
grown seedlings  and  with  a  liberal  admi.xture  of 
Pyrethrum  uUginosura,  which,  though  not  an 
Aster,  is  certainly  a  Daisy  and  flowers  at  Michael- 
mas, and  therefore  has  an  undoubted  right  to 
admission.  G.   J. 


of  the  whole  border — is  left  free  of  herbaceous 
plants  and  dug  as  if  it  were  a  separated  border. 
Being  clear  of  plants,  this  part  can  be  the  better 
tilled,  and  any  given  length  can  receive  special 
attention  for  any  favourite  subject,  of  which  there 
is  usually  one  or  two.  This  narrow  border  need 
not  be  necessarily  in  a  straight  line  where  it  touches 
the  herbaceous  plants,  but  slightly  irregular  if 
preferred.  Of  the  advantages  of  so  dealing  with 
the  front  of  a  large  border,  one  is  that  some  groups 
of   plants   can   be  seen   early  in  flower   en   masse 


Early-flowering  Chrysanthemums. — 

Hundreds  of  cultivators  are  quite  con- 
tent to    allow  the  old    roots    of    their 
early  or  border  varieties  to  remain  in 
the   soil   year    after    year   to   produce 
weakly  stems,   much  overcrowded,  and 
correspondingly   weakly   f.owers.      One 
year  old  plants  may  be   left    in    many 
instances,     as    such,    if   well  manured 
and   protected  from     frost    by    ashes,, 
will     bear     a     good     crop     of      nice 
blooms.     But    it    is    much     the    best 
plan  for  amateurs  who  possess   a  cold  frame   to 
lift   the   roots,    carefully   divide    and    plant   them 
in   light   soil   in   it.     This   simple   protection   will 
result  in  healthy  growth,   and  some  of  the  best 
cuttings    may    be    inserted    in    sandy    soil    in    a 
box    in   March.     The    cuttmgs    wUl     form     roots 
quickly  and  attain  to  a  very  fair  size  for  planting 
in  the  border  at  the  end  of  May.     Young  plants 
always  bear  the  best  quality  blooms,  and  by  this 
means,    moreover,    the   stock   is   maintained   in   a 
healthy  condition. 


138 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  19,  1921. 


PERENNIALS    THAT     SUCCEED 
SHADY    POSITIONS 


IN 


waxy  berries,  resembling  long  bunches  J  of 
Currants,  in  the  autumn.  These  are  unusually- 
attractive. 

Ranunculus      aconltifolius       and       Trollius 
Orange    Globe,    Triumph    and     Boule    d'Or    are. 
fine  varieties   and  free. 


PLANTS  growing  in  such  a  position  must 
not  be  too  near  the  base  of  shrubs  or 
trees,  or  the  roots  from  these  will  draw 
practically  all  the  nourishment  that 
these  perennials  require.  I  believe  that 
many  of  our  best  and  gayest  plants  do  best 
when  half  shade  is  given  them.  Those  shaded  from 
the  morning  sun  gain  the  sun  in  the  afternoon, 
but  when  herbaceous  plants  are  exposed  aU  day 
they  do  not  last  so  long  in  flower  as  a  natural 
consequence.  In  preparing  a  border j^  for  these 
it  is  best  to  trench  the  ground  to  a  depth  of 
2i  feet  to  3  feet,  using  at  the  same  time  plenty 
of  good  farmyard  manure  and  also  a  sprinkling 
of  lime,  if  none  exists  in  the  soil ;  but  if  the  soil 
is  light  and  sandy  2  feet  wiU  suffice.  Planting 
can  be  done  any  time  during  October  or  March 
and  early  April.  After  planting,  it  may  be 
necessary  to  apply  water  until  the  plants  are 
established ;  if  this  is  needed,  water  well  and 
then  leave  them  for  a  few  days  until  necessity 
compels  to  water  again.  A  few  good  subjects 
suitable  for  such  positions  I  will  enumerate. 

Delphiniums.' — These  are  very  popular  flowers, 
and  good  forms  are  now  easy  to  procure.  Of 
course,  those  grown  in  partial  shade  do  not  flower 
so  early  as  those  in  fuU  sun,  but  they  do  last 
longer  and  are  usually  of  a  better  colour.  When 
planting,  some  of  the  older  varieties  are  still 
excellent,  such  as  Rev.  E.  Lascelles,  The  Alake, 
Moerheimi  (white),  Belladonna  semi-plena  (the 
last  named  is  a  very  free  bloomer  and  excellent 
for  cutting),  King  of  Delphiniums,  Mrs.  Carnegie 
and,  of  course,  heaps  of  others. 

Paeonies  do  well  in  shade,  both  singles  and 
doubles,  and  are  extremely  fragrant.  Some 
beautiful  forms  are  now  to  be  had  which  are  of 
Chinese  origin.  These,  planted  in  shady  walks 
between  Rhododendrons  and  other  shrubs,  do 
uncommonly  well.  Empress,  Magasaki,  Magnet 
and  Geisha  are  among  the  most  beautiful  varieties. 


Hemerocallis. — These  showy 

plants  are  well  adapted  for  any 
border,  and  they  bloom  from 
May  to  August.  Good  forms 
of  these  are  H.  aurantiaca 
major  (deep  orange  and  very 
fragrant),  H.  Ajax,  H.  eitrina, 
Gold  Dust  and  Queen  of  May. 

Helianthus  (Perennial  Sun- 
flower) is  \-ery  free  flowering 
and  should  be  planted  in 
masses  and  will  thrive  in  any 
position. 

Heleniums  are  very  attrac- 
tive and  free  flowering,  and 
some  good  forms  are  Riverslea 
Beauty,  Riverton  Beauty, 
Riverton  Gem  and  striatum. 

Galega  Hartlandi  and  G.  ori- 
entalis  arc  also  free  and  good 

Funkia  ovata,  F.  Siebol- 
diana  and  F.  albomarginata  are 
excellent  in  shade. 

Euphorbia  Wulferi  is  showy 
and  flowers  from  the  end  of 
May  till  July. 

Epimediums  are  showy  as 
regards  both  foliage  and 
flowers  and  do  best  in  a  shady, 
moist  position. 

Epigsea  repens  is  an  ever- 
green and  sweetly  scented 
plant. 

Dicentra  (Dielytra)  is  very 
pretty  and  flourishes  well. 

Cimicifuga  simplex  and  C. 
americana  are  very  pretty  and 
flower  in  August  and  Sep- 
tember. 

Coriaria  terminalis  [is  ex- 
cellent   for  the  border,  bearing 


ipt    -.i.^tC.^ 


THE     SPIR.iEA 


A     SHADY    WATERSIDE     WALK. 

The  white  Bachelor's  Button  (Ranunculus  aconitifolius)  used  with  good  effect. 


IS     ONE     OF     THE     BEST     PERENNIALS    FOR 
WOODLAND     SHADE. 


Tropaeolum  speciosum  looks  well 
when  allowed  to  ramble  over  a  tree 
or  tripod.  When  planting  this  prepare 
a  hole  2  feet  deep  and  plant  at  least 
iS  inches — out  of  the  influence  of  cold 
or  heat. 

Trillium  (Wood  Lily) — These  are 
fine  when  in  flower  and  should  be 
planted  fairly  deep  in  good  leaf-soil 
and  loam.  T.  grandiflorum  (white), 
T.  erectum  (purple)  and  T.  stylosum 
(pink)  are  the  best  forms. 

Tiarella  cordifolia,  has  feathery 
white  flowers  like  foam. 

Spiraeas  and  Japanese  Anemones 
do  well  in  a  damp,  shady  position. 
The  Spiraeas  include  palmata,  Peach 
Blossom,  Queen  Alexandra,  filipen- 
dula  fl.-pl.   and  ulmaria  fl.-pl. 

Sidalcea  Listeri  and  Warley  Rose 
are  also  good  in  August. 

Rodgersia  podophylla  is  excellent. 

Solidago  is  excellent  for  cutting 
and  massing ;  and  Golden  Wings, 
canadensis,  Shortii  and  Pilosa  are  a 
good,  reliable  selection. 

Primula  japonica,  P.  Juliae  and 
P.  sikkimensis  are  useful  and  pretty 
forms  for  the  shade.  P.  denticulata 
will  also  grow  well  and  flower  early. 

SaXifraga.  —  The  Megasea  species 
will     respond      to      shade      and      are 


March  19,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


139 


attractive  for  cover- 
ing stones. 

Aconitum  Fischeii. 
A.  Kapellus  and  A.  N. 
alba. 

Asters  will  readily 
respond  to  partial 
shade.  One  of  the 
best  is  King  George, 
a  moderate  grower, 
but  with  massive 
flowers.  A.  Lino- 
syris,  the  ericoides 
section  and  many 
others.  Hon.  Edith 
Gibbs  is  a  very 
fascinating  variety, 
pale  lilac  and  very 
pendulous ;  where 
this  is  allowed  plenty 
of  room  it  is  hand- 
some. Asters  are  so 
numerous  that  really 
one  should  see  a  col- 
lection and  choose 
their  own  colours  and 
habits. 

Clematis.  —  Many 
of  these  do  extremely 
well  in  perennial 
borders.  1 1  should 
be  possible  to  have 
a  long  succession  of 
flowers,  especially  if 
the  dead  flovp-er- 
stems  are  cut  as  soon 
as  the  bloom  passes, 
and  this  more  directly 
applies  to  those  plants 
which  will  develop 
another  crop  of 
flowers  ;  but  once 
seed  is  allowed  to  set, 
the    plant    ceases    to 

grow.  The  ruthless  cutting  back  is  to  be  con- 
denmed ;  what  is  done  should  be  done  for  the 
good  of  the  plant. 

Staking  demands  care ;  nothing  looks  worse 
than  to  see  plants  tied  up  in  the  middle  like 
a  Birch  broom.     The  whole  matter  should  be  made 


FIVE    MONTHS    AFTER    PLANTING.       THIS    JAPANESE    ANEMONE 
SUCCEEDS    WELL    IN    THE    SHADE. 

a  study  if  artistic  effects  are  to  be  produced. 
I  have  omitted  bulbs,  though  Crocus  and  Nar- 
cissus do  splendidly,  and  when  planted  should  be 
put  down  deep  so  that  they  are  not  disturbed  in 
hoeing  and  forking  over  the  border. 

Dryiiham  Gardens,   Weybridge.      W.   A.  Cook. 


The  True  Shamrock   and   How  to 

Identify  It 

By     JAMES      BRITTEN,      F.  L.  S. 


THERE  was  a  fair  amount  of  Shannrock 
worn  in  London  yesterday,  or,  rather 
the  common  clover  which  passes  for 
shamrock.  This  plant  is  now  quite 
common  in  Ireland,  and  I  received  a 
small  bo-ij  of  it  from  Cork  yesterday  morning 
labelled  '  Shamrock  from  Ireland,'  but  it  was  not 
shamrock  at  all.  Genuine  shamrock  is  the 
beautiful  little  wood  sorrel,  the  trefoil  leaf  of 
which  is  a  brilliant  green  and  which  bears  a 
geranium-like  white  flower.  The  clover  which 
has  usurped  the  place  of  the  traditional  shamrock, 
has  no  flower  and  the  four-leaf  variety  is  quite 
common." 

This,  from  the  Daily  News  of  last  year  on  the 
day  following  St.  Patrick's  Day  (March  i"),  is  an 
excellent  example  of  the  para,graphs  which,  in 
various  newspapers,  have  commemorated  the 
feast  and  will  no  doubt  continue  to  do  so  until 


some  accurate  account  of  the  Shamrock  is  readily 
accessible.  At  present,  although  the  late  Mr. 
Nathaniel  Colgan  of  Dublin,  published  an  admirable 
monograph  on  the  subject,  the  "  Journal  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  .Antiquaries  of  Ireland  " — in  the 
sixth  volume  of  which,  published  in  i8g6,  his 
account  appeared — is  not  likely  to  come  in  most 
folks'  way  ;  and  I  think  the  readers  of  The  Garden 
may  Uke  to  be  put  in  possession  of  some  of  the 
principal  facts  it  contains.  The  subject  was  treated 
at  some  length  in  the  "  Dictionary  of  English  Plant 
Names."  wherein  my  essay  had  the  good  fortune 
to  attract  Mr.  Colgan's  notice  and  led  to  his  more 
complete  history ;  but  the  Dictionary  is  not  on 
everyone's  shelf,  and  moreover,  is  out  of  print,  so 
there  seems  room  for  some  popular  summary 
of  the  facts :  of  the  fictions,  the  paragraph 
which  stands  at  the  head  of  this  paper  is  a 
fair  summary. 


The  fictions  begin  with  the  first  sentence  : 
a  very  slight  investigation  would  enable  folk  to 
see  that  the  plant  which,  in  the  writer's  opinion, 
"  passes  for  Shamrock,"  is  not  "  the  common 
clover,"  and,  without  having  seen  it,  I  am  quite 
sure  that  the  "  small  bo.x  "  he  received  from  Cork 
did  not  contain  that  plant.  Moreover,  the  entirely 
modem  view,  which  was  not  invented  until  1S31. 
that  the  Wood  Sorrel  is  the  "  genuine  Shamrock  " 
finds  no  support  either  in  tradition  or  in  popular  use. 
The  reference  to  a  Clover  which  "  has  no  flower  " 
and  of  which  "  the  four-leaf  variety  is  quite 
common,"  aptly  closes  the  catalogue  of  errors. 

Postponing  the  consideration  of  the  earlier 
application  of  the  name,  it  may  be  well  to  state 
definitely  that  the  plant  at  the  present  time 
accepted  as  Shamrock  by  Irishmen  almost  every- 
where, at  home  and  abroad,  in  Ireland  and  in 
England,  is  the  Lesser  Yellow  Trefoil  (Trifolium 
minus).  It  is  this  plant  which — with  an  occasional 
and  accidental  exception  in  favour  of  tlie  Yellow 
Trefoil  of  cultivation  (Medicago  lupulina) — fills 
the  stalls  in  Covent  Garden,  and  is  carried  by  the 
post  in  time  for  St.  Patrick's  Day  to  every  part 
of  the  world  where  Irishmen  congregate,  which  is 
to  say  everywhere.  It  certainly  filled  the  "  small 
box  "  to  which  the  Daily  Xews  writer  refers,  for 
Cork  kno%vs  no  other ;  and  in  the  Trinity  College 
Botanical  Garden  in  Dublin  it  is  grown  especially 
to  satisfy  the  demands  of  English  enquhers  for 
the  real  Shamrock.  It  is  this  which  is  fastened 
on  the  Christmas  and  St.  Patrick's  Day  cards 
made  up  in  Dublin  and  Belfast,  and  of  which  the 
seed  is,  by  their  meaas,  distributed.  When  the 
Dictionary  of  Plant  Names  was  in  progress  I  had 
specimens  or  records  of  Shamrock  from  thirteen 
Irish  counties — T.  minus  in  every  case ;  and  Mr. 
Colgan's  wider  experience  confirms  this  evidence. 

As  every  botanist  knows,  T.  minus  is  widely 
and  commonly  distributed  through  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  but  he  will  find  it  difficult  to  convince 
an  Irishman  of  the  fact.  In  his  belief,  the  plant 
is  found  only  in  the  island  which  St.  Patrick  made 
his  own  ;  wlien  removed  from  it  the  plant  cannot 
live — "  if  its  roots  be  not  fed  from  its  own  Irish  clay 
it  will  wither,"  said  a  recent  writer,  and  this  is 
the  popular  view.  Another  popular  belief  is  that 
the  Shamrock  does  not  flower.  I  remember 
once  in  Ireland  asking  a  man  whether  the  T. 
minus  I  showed  him  was  Shamrock,  and  he  at 
once  disqualified  it  on  the  ground  of  its  yellow 
flowers.  Mr.  Colgan  had  a  somewhat  similar 
experience  in  the  Aran  Islands,  where  some  men 
whom  he  asked  to  find  the  plant  were  "  apparently 
inclined  to  fix  on  T.  minus  but  seemed  so  staggered 
at  the  appearance  of  its  flowers  that  they  gave  up 
the  search  in  the  belief  that  it  was  too  late  for  the 
Shamrock."  This  belief  is  quite  intelligible  when 
it  is  remembered  that  in  March,  when  the  Shamrock 
is  most  in  request,  T.  minus  has  not  put  forth  its 
blossoms. 

But  was  T.  minus  the  original  Shanu-ock  ? 
So  far  as  the  legend  which  coimects  the  plant  with 
St.  Patrick  is  concerned,  it  may  well  have  been  ; 
but  the  name  itself,  in  its  earlier  appearances  in 
literature,  was  associated  with  the  Purple  and 
White  Clovers  (T.  pratense  and  T.  repens)  ;  it  is 
these  which  Gerard  (1597)  says  "  are  called  in 
Irish  Shamrocks."  and  it  would  seem  that  the 
name  was  applied  more  especially  to  the  former. 
No  poetical  or  fanciful  reputation  attached  to  the 
plant  at  the  period  named,  or  for  some  time  later : 
it  wiU  doubtless  surprise  many  to  know  that, 
to  quote  Mr.  Colgan  :  "  For  almost  a  century 
from  the  date  of  its  first  appearance  in  literature 
the  Shamrock  presents  itself  solely  as  a  breadstuff 
or  food  herb  of  the  Irish,  probably  only  so  used 
in  times  of  famine  or  scarcity  of  corn."  He  gives 
numerous  extracts  from  writers  ranging  from  1570 
to  1682 — the  last  date  at  which  we  have  evidence 


140 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  19,  192 1. 


of  its  employment  as  food — all  referring  to  this 
use  of  the  plant.  The  first,  which,  indeed,  is  the 
■earliest  contribution  to  the  history'  of  the  Shamrock, 
is  from  Lobel,  who,  in  his  "  Stirpium  Adversaria 
Nova  "  (1570),  having  spoken  of  the  value  of  the 
clovers  for  fattening  beasts,  goes  on  to  add  that 
"  the  mere  Irish  grind  the  meal  for  their  cakes  and 
loaves,  which  they  knead  with  butter,  when  they 
are  vexed  and  nigh  maddened  with  a  three  days' 
hunger "  (I  quote  Mr.  Colgan's  translation  of 
I.obel's  Latin).  Henry  Mundy,  an  Oxford  doctor, 
writing  in  1680,  says  that  "  the  Irish  that  nourish 
themselves  with  their  Shamrock,  which  is  the 
purple  Clover,  are  swift  of  foot  and  of  nimble 
strength."  Ray  (1686)  has  a  similar  statement, 
derived  from  Tancred  Robinson,  who  heard  it  in 
Ireland;  and  Linnaeus  in  "  Flora  Suecica  "  (i737) 
follows  Ray  in  his  statement  and  in  spelling  the 
word  "  Chambroch."  The  latest  reference  to  the 
use  of  the  Shamrock  as  food  is  that  of  Sir  Henry 
Piers  in  his  "Description  of  Westmeath  "  (1682), 
who,  however,  does  not  suggest  it  was  regarded 
otherwise  than  as  ordinary  food ;  speaking  of 
the  time  after  liarvest  he  says  :  "  Butter,  new 
cheese  and  curds  and  shamrocks  are  the  food  of 
the  meaner  sort  for  all  this  season." 

The  earliest  reference  to  the  wearing  of  the 
Shamrock  occurs  in  the  Journal  of  Thomas  Dinely, 
kept  in  the  year  16S1  but  not  published  until 
1856  ;  here  the  wearing  and  eating  are  combined — 
"  The  vulgar  superstitiously  wear  Shamrogues, 
3-leaved  grass,  which  they  likewise  eat  (they  say) 
to  cause  a  sweet  breath."  But  so  far  as  published 
literature  is  concerned,  the  first  record  of  the 
wearing  in  connection  with  St.  Patrick's  Day,  or 
to  the  legend  which  associates  the  Shamrock 
with  the  Saint's  preaching,  is  less  than  200  years 
old — a  fact  which  seems  almost  incredible,  seeing 
how  generally  the  legend  is  known:  neither  Mr. 
Colgan  nor  I  have,  however,  been  able  to  find  any 
earlier  reference  to  association  or  legend  than  that 
which  appears  in  Caleb  Threlkeld's  "  Synopsis 
Plantarum  Hibernian,"  published  in  Dublin  in 
1727.  Threlkeld  (1676-1728)  was  born  in  Cumber- 
land and  took  a  doctor's  degree  at  Edinburgh  in 
1712.  The  interesting  preface  to  the  Synopsis 
contains  many  details  of  his  life  ;  he  went  to 
Dublin  "as  divine  and  physician"  in  1713.  and 
made  botanical  excursions  in  all  the  surrounding 
country,  as  well  as  in  Meath  and  in  the  north 
of  Ireland.  His  book,  one  of  the  earliest  on  the 
Irish  flora,  includes  more  than  500  species,  witli 
the  localities  in  which  they  occurred,  their  Englisli 
and  Irish  names,  and  their  medicinal  properties. 
Robert  Brown  named  in  his  honour  the  Chenopo- 
diaceous  genus  Threlkeldia. 

His  reference  to  the  Shamrock  runs  as  follows  : 
"  Trifolium  pratense  album,  white-flowered  Meadow 
Trefoil.  The  Meadow  Trefoils  are  called  in  Irish 
Shamrocks.  .  .  .  This  plant  is  worn  by  the 
People  in  their  Hats  upon  the  17.  Day  of  March 
yearly  (which  is  called  St.  Patrick's  Day),  it  being 
a  Current  Tradition  that  by  this  Tliree  Leafed 
Grass  he  emblematically  set  forth  to  them  the 
Mystery  of  the  Holy  Trinity.  However  that  be, 
■when  they  wet  their  Seamir-oge,  they  often  commit 
Excess  in  Liquor,  which  is  not  the  riglit  Keeping 
of  a  Day  to  the  Lord." 

It  will  be  noted  that  Threlkeld  refers  to  the 
legend  as  "  a  current  tradition,"  and  I  see  no 
reason  why  it  should  not  have  been  handed  down 
from  the  fifth  century,  when  St.  Patrick  preached. 
The  custom  of  "  wetting  "  or  "  drowning  "  the 
Shamrock  is  happily  nowadays  "  more  honoured 
in  the  breach  than  in  th'  observance," 

It  will  be  noticed  that  Threlkeld  specificially 
limits  the  name  to  the  White  Clover,  and  it  is 
certainly  that  species  which  is  generally  accepted 
by  Englishmen  as  Shamrock  and  which  usually 
appears  in  conventional  designs,  representing  the 


Rose,  Shamrock  and  Thistle.  It  would  seem  to 
have  been  worn  in  London  on  St.  Patrick's  Day 
early  in  the  last  century,  and  also  in  Dublin. 
Mr.  Bicheno,  who,  as  we  shall  see,  championed 
the  claims  of  the  Wood-Sorrel,  speaks  of  "  the 
clover  in  the  hats  of  the  Irish  in  both  places," 
adding  that  "  anyone  who  should  entertain  an 
opinion  that  this  is  not  the  original  emblem  of 
Ireland  will  be  thought  to  ha\'e  no  ground  for 
differing  from  the  established  belief." 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  when  T.  repens 
was  superseded  by  T.  minus  ;  the  latter  certainly 
held  the  field  more  than  forty  years  ago,  for  I 
remember  the  contempt  with  which  my  offer  of 


White  Clover  one  St.  Patrick's  Eve  was  rejected 
by  a  club  of  Irish  lads  in  which  I  was  interested, 
and  the  triumph  with  which  T.  minus,  sent  from 
County  Cork,  was  shown  me  the  following  day. 
A  leaflet  =ent  out  two  years  ago  by  the  nuns  of  a 
con\ent  in  County  Mayo,  whence  much  Shamrock 
is  annually  distributed,  states  that  in  Connacht 
the  White  Clover  is  in  favour,  although  T.  minus 
is  employed  throughout  the  south  of  Ireland. 
It  is  T.  minus  that  is  distributed  annually  by  the 
Queen  to  the  Irish  Guards ;  the  supply  for  this, 
according  to  a  correspondent  of  the  Weslminster 
Gazette  last  March,  is  cultivated  for  the  purpose 
by  the  Countess  of  Limerick. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


A    HANDSOME    PLANT    FOR    A    SHADY 
AND    MOIST    SITUATION. 

'T'HE  distinct  bronze  green  foliage  of  Rodgersia 
podophylla  has  given  this  handsome  her- 
baceous  perennial  the  popular  name  of  Rodger's 
Bronze- Leaf.  The  plants  thrive  best  in  moist  and 
somewhat  shaded  situations,  being  nowhere  happier 


thrive  in  a  mixture  of  fibrous  loam,  peat  and 
leaf-mould,  if  plenty  of  coarse  sand  or  grit  is 
added. — A.   O.,  Surrey. 

THE    FLOWERING  OF  STERNBERGIAS. 

"I\/rUCH    has    been   wTritten   of    late    as    to    the 

flowering  of    these  plants    and    the    goodly 

group   at   Cambridge   appearing  in  The   Garden 


RODGERSIA     PODOPHYLLA     FLOWERING     FREELY     IN     A     BOG     GARDEN. 


than  in  a  bog  garden.  The  plant  depicted  in  the 
illustration  is  growing  in  such  a  position,  through 
the  middle  of  which  in  summer  flows  a  little 
artificial  stream.  It  has  a  stoloniferous  rootstock 
or  rhizomes  which  push  out  into  the  ground 
around  the  plants,  soon  increasing  in  size, 
these  also  affording  a  ready  means  of  increase. 
The  large  palmate  leaves  are  rich  bronze  green  ; 
above  these  the  tall  branching  flower-spikes  are 
conspicuous  during  June  and  July  to  a  height  of 
2\  feet  to  4  feet.  The  creamy  white  flowers  are 
small  individually,  but  very  freely  produced  on 
the  inflorescences.  Rodgersia  podophylla  is  a 
member  of  the  Natural  Order  Saxifragaceae,  and  was 
first  introduced  from   Japan  in  1S80.      Rodgersias 


of  February  26  prompts  this  note.  It  cannot  too 
widely  be  known  that  the  only  reliable  and  free- 
flowering  form  is  S.  lutea  angustifolia.  Compared 
with  it  in  this  latter  respect  Fischeriana  (spring 
flowering)  lutea  (type)  and  macrantha  are  scarce 
worth  while.  S.  lutea  may  grow  freely  enough  and 
make  good  tufts,  but  flowers  are  very  few.  In 
all  probability  soil  warmth  and  absence  of  sun  heat 
are  the  chief  causes  of  the  failure.  What  may 
happen  if  the  bulbs  -were  planted  in  beds  of  pure 
sand  would  be  worth  the  experiment  to  see.  Of 
the  variety  S.  1.  angustifolia  the  best  general 
flowering  of  it  I  ever  saw  was  in  the  Parsonage 
Garden  at  Ryde,  where  for  many  bulbous  plants 
the  beds  were  of  almost  pure  sand  to  a  depth  of 


March  19,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


141 


nearly  2  feet.  Here,  in  fine  clumps  and  at  frequent 
intervals  in  the  open  borders,  the  variety  angusti- 
folia  flowered  regularly  each  year.  Too  often 
in  our  gardening  efforts  we  are,  I  fear,  content 
to  conform  to  orthodox  ways  and  plant  "  in 
well-drained  soil  "  ;  our  failures  all  too  rarely 
tempting     us    to    experiment    even    witli    warmth 


loving  subjects  in  sand  beds.  The  late  Rev. 
H.  Ewbank,  however,  grew  many  choice  things 
in  this  way,  and  such  brilliant  Gerberas — -two 
dozen  flower-heads  on  a  clump — as  I  recall 
I  had  seen  neither  before  nor  yet  since.  The 
old  Parsonage  garden  was  a  sun-kissed  garden 
too. — E.  H.  Jenki.ns. 


Should  Chefs  or  Growers  Judge  Garden 
Produce  at  Shows? 

A   Conflict  of  Opinion 


A  LITTLE  friendly  fling  at  Mr.  E.  Beckett 
from  my  pen  in  a  recent  issue  of  The 
Garden  has  drawn  from  him  an 
article  (March  5.  page  116)  which  I 
have  read  very  carefully ;  but  it  has 
not  brought  conviction  to  me  in  the  very 
slightest,  and  I  frankly  confess  that  I  remain 
the  unrepentant  heretic  which  I  suppose  he 
considers  me.  After  paying  me  a  generous 
compliment,  at  which  I  duly  and  suitably  blush, 
he  rakes  up  the  old  story  of  my  large  Capsi- 
cum, to  which  I  fully  replied  in  your  issue  of 
March  25th,  1916,  so  that  I  do  not  consider  it 
necessary  to  re-hash  that  matter.  There  is  no 
need  for  a  humble  individual  like  me  to  pay  Mr. 
Beckett  compliments ;  he  is  recognised  in  all 
quarters,  both  here  and  abroad,  as  leading  the 
way  in  the  cultivation  and  in  the  methods  of 
exhibiting  fine  vegetables,  and  in  this  latter 
respect  he  is  certainly  not  one  of  our  greatest 
offenders  as  regards  size.  With  reference  to  the 
new  judging  procedure  outlined  by  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  I  will  be  frank  enough 
to  say  that  I  am  a  little  in  doubt  as  to  the 
employing  of  chefs  in  judging.  I  think,  mind 
you,  that  they  would  be  helpful ;  but  what  I 
would  really  like  to  see  would  be  the  collaboration, 
in  judging  vegetables,  of  amateur  consumers  of 
taste  and  discrimination,  such  as  we  had  in  the 
late  Colonel  Newnham-Davis,  and  such  as  we  have 
in  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Engleheart  and  others  at  the 
present  day.  I  should  hope  that  Mr.  Beckett 
would  not  object  to  this,  although  the  word  "  chef  " 
seems  to  be  anathema  to  him,  for  some  reason, 
and  I  understand  that  he  will  absolutely  refuse 
to  exhibit  at  all  in  future  if  chefs  are  to  be  employed, 
which  would  indeed  be  a  great  loss  to  all  of  us. 
I  do  not  want  to  eat,  or  to  have  on  my  table. 
Onions  weighing  41b.  each.  Carrots  and  Parsnips 
about  a  foot  and  a  half  long,  with  about  another 
foot  of  useless  rat- tail  added  on  to  that  ;  Leeks, 
Broccoli  and  other  things  that  would  not  go  into 
any  vegetable  dish  that  ever  was  made.  I  have 
no  doubt  at  all  that  these  things  have  their  uses 
(bar  the  rat-tails),  but  they  are  not  for  the  likes 
of  me.  They  look  imposing  on  the  exhibition 
stage,  and  no  doubt  an  enormous  amount  _of. 
trouble  (worthy  of  a  better  cause)  has  been 
taken  in  the  growing  of  them  ;  but  on  the  table 
of  the  average  consumer  they  are  just  unmanage- 
able :  and  neither  Mr.  Beckett  nor  any  other 
exhibitor  must  shut  his  eyes  to  the  very  strong 
and  growing  public  feeling  there  is  on  this  matter. 
It  is  being  voiced  in  many  quarters  among  amateurs, 
and  has  been  for  some  time  ;  but  it  is  now  extending 
in  other  directions,  and  on  picking  up  a  horti- 
cultural trade  paper  this  week  I  read  tlie  following, 
a  propos  of  the  new  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
regulation  :  "  A"  desire  to  educate  folk  generally 
that  big  vegetables  are  not  on  that  account  the 
better,  is  commendable,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  we 
shall  get  away  from  the  giant  specimens  which  have, 


in  the  past,  won  so  many  prizes,  more  especially  at 
country  exhibitions."  This  is  from  the  pen  of  a 
well  known  veteran  gardener,  a  regular  contributor 
to  the  paper  in  question,  and  surely  shows  pretty 
plainly  the  way  in  which  the  wind  is  beginning 
to  blow.  F.  Herbert  Chapman. 


If  Mr.  Beckett  is  certain  that  his  show  vegetables 
are  all  they  should  be  in  dinner-table  quality,  why 
should  he  so  vehemently  object  to  have  them 
judged  by  eminent  chefs?  Surely  he  should 
welcome  such  judgment.  The  chef  is  not  an 
"  unqualified  person "  in  judging  vegetables — 
they  are  materials  he  uses  in  his  work.  No ! 
sorely  though  the  fact  may  wound  the  gardener, 
the  chef  is — or  should  be — the  better  judge  of 
vegetables,  though  the  final  judgment  must  rest 
with  those  who  partake  of  the  prepared  vegetables 
at  table.  Every  observant,  hospitable  mistress 
of  a  house  knows  that  young,  tender  vegetables 
are  generally  preferred  to  large-sized  ones.  It  is 
quality  that  counts  at  the  dinner-table.  Small 
Turnips,  Carrots  and  Onions  (yes  !  even  braised 
Onions !)  are  almost  invariably  chosen  rather 
than  large  ones.  Large  Turnips,  in  particular, 
are  often  apt  to  be  "  woody  in  texture  and  strong 
in  flavour "  ;  and  although  my  taste  regarding 
Peas  accords  with  Mr.  Beckett's,  in  preferring 
them  full  grown,  I  must  admit  we  are  in  a  very 
small  minority,  and  that  nearly  everyone  will 
agree  with  Lord  Lambourne  and  Mr.  Dykes.  Mr. 
Beckett's  absurd — yes  !  absurd — ^suggestion  that 
this  will  lead  to  a  reversion  to  field  Peas  is — well ! 
Really  !  Though  Mr.  Beckett  is  facile  princcps  as 
a  grower  of  show  vegetables,  my  faith  in  his  judg- 
ment of  their  table  quality  was  severely  shaken 
by  his  recent  article  in  The  Garden  (one  notable 
instance  being  his  commendation  of  Favourite 
Cabbage — a  very  worthy  greengrocer's  one — and 
the  omission  of  Harbinger  and  Little  Gem,  which, 
after  many  years'  pitting  against  many  older  and 
newer  varieties,  I  find  still  the  best  in  table  quality). 
And  now ! — his  commendation  of  "  fully  ripe 
Marrows "  as  a  "  delicious "  winter  vegetable 
has  finally  and  completely  shattered  all  my  remain- 
ing remnant  of  faith  in  him  as  a  connoisseur  of 
cooked  vegetables.  It  is  true,  as  Mr.  Beckett 
observes,  that  this  controversy  has  raged  for  fifty 
years.  And  why  ?  Just  because  gardeners,  being 
a  stiff-necked,  perverse  and  ...  (I  will  not 
quote  further)  have  obstinately  persisted  in  growing 
for  exhibition,  vegetables  which,  in  the  opinion  of 
cooks  and  consumers,  are  not  desired  for  the  table. 
Now,  after  the  brave  and  sensible  letter 
alluded  to,  we  hope  gardeners  may  at  last  be  turned 
from  the  error  of  their  ways,  and  that  in  future 
we  may  see,  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
and  other  shows,  vegetables  of  a  class  that  will 
please  better  the  taste  of  those  who  eat  them. 

Mr.  Beckett's  remark  at  the  end  of  his  article 
that  poor  cooking  may  mar  good  vegetables  is 
quite  beside  the  point,  for  only  eminent  chefs  are 


to  be  invited  as  judges  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  whose  new  departure  will  be  hailed  as 
a  most  progressive  step  taken  to  improve  the  general 
quality  of  table  vegetables  by  everyone  who  is 
neither  seedsman  nor  gardener,  but,  like  the 
writer.  Anne  "  Amateur." 

I  READ  with  interest  the  letter  in  The  Garden 
recently  by  Lord  Lambourne  and  Mr.  Dykes  but 
certainly  not  with  approval.  I  agree  that  "  Vege- 
tables are  grown  primarily  to  be  eaten  "  also  that 
"  Size  in  itself  is  not  necessarily  a  defect,"  but 
following  the  latter  statement  the  letter  goes  on 
to  condemn  size  all  through.  However,  taking 
the  letter  seriatum — "  and  yet  anyone  who  has 
attended  shows  where  vegetables  have  been 
exhibited  must  have  noticed  that  size  has  often 
been  preferred  to  quality."  It  may  be  so,  but  I 
must  say  that  has  not  been  my  experience  (I 
have  often  heard  of  complaints  that  the  largest 
specimens  did  not  obtain  the  highest  award). 
An  exception  is  given  as  to  "  "  Size  in  itself  not 
being  necessarily  a  defect."  viz.,  "  Vegetable 
Marrow,  which  loses  so  much  of  its  flavour  unless 
cooked  whole."  I  submit  this  is  purely  a  matter 
of  taste.  Some  prefer  small  Marrows  cooked 
whole,  others  prefer  them  larger,  peeled,  cut  up, 
seeds  removed,  boiled  and  served  up  with  melted 
butter.  Certainly  "  No  one  can  deny  that  huge 
vegetables  are  only  too  often  coarse  in  quality," 
but  not  always,  and  the  letter  seems  to  me  to 
condemn  all  large  specimens.  They  are  not  to 
be  recognised  at  shows.  The  next  sentence 
somewhat  puzzles  me,  viz.,  that  "  when  only  a 
small  area  of  vegetable  ground  is  available  .  .  . 
quality  may  have  to  some  extent  to  be  sacrificed 
to  quantity."  Does  that  mean  that  with  large- 
sized  specimens  a  greater  weight~per  rod  is  pro- 
duced ?  or  that  the  ground  should  be  cropped 
closer  to  obtain  more  in  quantity  (number)  but 
of  inferior  quality  ?  This  I  fancy  would  be 
contradicting  the  purport  of  ~the  letter  and, 
moreover,  as  it  suggests  special  classes  for  the 
cultivators  of  small  plots,  it  must  mean  that  they 
should  grow  and  may  exhibit  large  specimens. 
"  The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  has  resolved," 
lie. — I  think  this  would  better  read  "  The  Council 
of,"  &c.  ;  the  matter  has  not,  so  far  as  I  am  aware, 
been  before  any  Committee — "  that  at  all  its 
meetings  vegetables  shall  be  judged  according 
to  their  fitness  for  tableland  not  merely  by  their 
size  and  external  appearance."  If  that  means 
"  quality  "  it  is  done  so  now.  "  With  this  object 
in  view  it  has  been  decided  to  ask  the  assistance 
of  eminent  chefs  as  judges."  This  to  me  is  "  too 
funny."  Chefs  are  engaged  among  the  wealthy 
classes  and  in  high-class  hotels  or  restaurants. 
At  big  dinners  what  vegetables  do  we  get  ? 
Generally  two,  including  Potatoes.  The  great 
bulk  of  vegetables  are  eaten  by  the  middle  and 
lower  classes,  and  I  could  find  many  gardeners' 
wives  who  could  show  chefs  how  to  cook  them. 
"  For  instance,  Peas  will  be  commended  not  so 
much  for  the  large  size  of  pods  as  for  the  tender- 
ness and  number  of  the  individual  seeds  in  them." 
I  have  never  known  Peas  to  be  judged  in  any 
other  way — always  opened  and  examined.  "  Carrots 
will  have  to  be  of  moderate  size  of  that  tender 
crispness  which  is  lost  in  full-grown  examples." 
With  respect  I  submit  it  would  be  more  correct 
to   say   "  sometimes  lost." 

Speaking  as  a  grower  for  Covent  Garden,  large, 
well  grown  vegetables  realise  most  money  (and  1 
cannot  imagine  that  the  buyers  are  all  fools). 
West  End  tradesmen  prefer  small,  close  Cauli- 
flowers. Why  ?  Quality  ?  No,  three  make  a 
more  attractive  dish ;  but  large,  close  heads 
are  the  most  valuable.  I  cannot  think  of  any 
other  vegetable  for  cooking  preferred  small.  Is 
it  the  intention  to  bar  awards  to  the  magnificent 


142 

exhibits  of  vegetables  put  up  by  Mr.  E.  Beckett 
and  others,  all  showing  the  highest  cultivation 
and  of  excellent  quality  ?  If  so,  what  a  pity. 
Or  does  the  letter  refer  to  the  exhibits  of  vegetables 
for  competition  where  tlie  same  arguments  as  to 
quality  with  size  hold  good  ?  If  so,  I  can  foresee 
a  shortage  of  exhibitors,  anyhow  of  the  best 
growers. 

Twickenham.  W.   Poupart. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  19,  1921 


GARDENING     OF     THE     WEEK 


New    and    Rare    Plants 

FIRST-CLASS     CERTIFICATES. 

Clematis    Armandi     x    Pavoliniana    Jeune's 

Variety. — An  early  flowering  climbing  evergreen 
form  after  the  type  first  named. 
Said  to  be  perfectly  hardy,  it  is 
next  to  impossible  to  over-estimate 
its  value.  The  starry  flowers  are 
pure  white  and  produced  abundantly 
in  axillary  clusters,  the  individuals 
occurring  on  petioles  4  inches  to 
6  inches  in  length.  Leaves  4  inches 
to  5  inches  long,  ovate  acuminate, 
and  Lapageria-like  in  texture  and 
appearance.  An  exquisitely  beauti- 
ful and  highly  ornamental  plant. 
From  Captain  R.  B.  Symons-Jeune. 
Knightsbridge. 

Narcissus  Magnificence.  —  The 
high  award  in  this  case  is  but  a 
natural  sequence  of  the  award  of 
merit  granted  to  it  a  year  ago.  A 
self-yellow  Ajax  or  trumpet  variety 
of  richest  yellow,  it  is  of  fine 
stature  and  commanding  presence. 
In  these  respects  it  is  comparable 
to  King  Alfred,  though  without 
the  latter' s  unique  refinement. 
It  is  of  maximus  descent  if  not  its 
intensely  golden  hue,  the  widely 
expanded,  much  lacerated  rim  a 
glorified  edition  of  that  parent. 
Handsome  and  imposing.  Recom- 
mended for  marliet  and  garden. 
Shown  by  the  Donard  Nursery 
Company,  Newcastle,  County 
Down. 

AWARDS     OF     MERIT. 

Freesia  Treasure.— .A  large  and 
handsome  bright  yellow  variety,  the 
corolla  tipped  occasionally  with 
primrose.  Strong  grower,  good 
branching  habit. 

Freesia  Apotheose.  —  Mauve 
coloured  with  whitish  throat,  a 
great  advance  in  the  colour  first 
named.  Vigoru",  good  branching 
habit  and  freedom  characterise  it. 
These  twain  were  from  Mr.  C.  Van 
Tubergen,  jun,,  Haarlem,   Holland. 

Rhododendron  H.  T.  Gill.— 
Said  to  have  R.  Fortunei  and  a  R. 
arboreum  selected  seedling  as  its 
parents,  this  welcome  variety  has 
handsome  and  compact  trusses  of 
rich  rosy  scarlet.  A  bush  of  jit 
in  flower  would  constitute  a  most  imposing 
object.  Shown  by  Messrs,  R.  Gill  and  Sons, 
Falmouth, 

Cymbidium  Alexanderi  giganteum.— The  pink 
of  C.  Alexanderi  is  seen  in  richer  measure  in  the 
larger  variety,  which  is  also  characterised  by 
maroon  spots  on  the  side  lobes  and  front  of  lip. 
From  Mrs.  C.  W.  Bischoffsheim,  The  Warren 
House,  Stanmore. 

The  above-mentioned  novelties  weie  shown 
before  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  on 
March  i,   when  the  awards  were   made. 


FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 

Tiie  Flower  Garden. 

Pseonies. — These  plants  often  occupy  the  same 
site  for  a  number  of  years  undisturbed,  which 
renders  it  necessary  to  applv  a  good  top  dressing 
to  the  soil  to  prevent  exhaustion.  The  present  is  a 
suitable  time  for  the  work  to  be  done. 

Hyacinthus  candicans,  also  known  as  Galtonia 
candicans,  is  a  good  bulbous  subject  which  may  be 
planted  now.  As  it  is  a  somewhat  late  flowering 
plant,  it  may  be  very  usefully  employed  as  a  "  dot  " 
subject  among  earlier  flowering  ones. 

Seedlings. — The  pricking  out  of  the  many 
batches  of  plants  raised  fronj  seed  now  calls  for 
frequent  attention,  and  an  effort  must  be  made  to 
keep   ahead  of  the  work,   for  if  the  seedlings  are 


DAFFODIL     MAGNIFICENCE. 
A    trumpet    of   the    richest   yellow. 

allowed  to  get[  leggy  and  drawn  they  require  much 
more  attention  later  to  get  good  results,  in  fact  it  is 
doubtful  if  they  ever  really  recover.  It  is  worth 
noting  that,  whether  boxes  or  frames  be  used  for 
pricking  out,  the  best  results  are  obtained  by 
only  using  about  3  inches  of  soil,  as  this  easily 
responds  to  sun  warmth,  and  thus  keeps  sweet  and 
encourages  quick  root  action.  These  remarks 
apply  principally  to  such  plants  as  .Antirrhinums, 
Verbenas,  Heliotropes  and  Salvias. 

The"  Hardy  fruit  Garden. 
Mulching.— If     newly     planted      fruit      trees, 
especially  on  light  soils,  have  not  been  mulched, 
the  work  should  be   undertaken  now,  before   the 


drying  winds  and  increasing  power  of  the  sun  have 
had  time  to  rob  the  soil  of  any  of  the  moisture  so 
necessary  to  enable  the  trees  to  develop  healthy 
root  action.  There  is  no  gain  in  applying  a  mulch 
so  early  in  the  season  on  very  heavy  land.  In 
addition  to  the  newly  planted  trees,  those  already 
estatjlished  having  carried  or  giving  promise  of 
heavy  crops,  also  repay  a  liberal  mulch.  Failing 
some  well  rotted  cow  manure,  a  suitable  mulch  may 
be  made  of  stable  litter  and  decayed  leaves,  well 
mixed  and  allowed  to  lie  in  a  heap  for  a  time, 
being   given  several  turnings  meanwhile. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Leeks. — The  main  sowing  of  this  reliable  winter 
vegetable  may  now  be  made.  In  many  gardens 
it  is  the  practice  to  make  only  one  sowing,  but  I 
think  it  an  advantage  to  make 
several  sowings  and  let  the  last  be 
as  late  as  early  April,  for  often  the 
late  sown  ones  come  in  very  useful, 
as  they  are  not  so  prone  to  run  to 
seed. 

Cucumbers  for  frame  cultivation 

should  now  receive  attention,  and 
seed  sown  and  treated  as  advised 
in  an  earlier  calendar.  1 1  is  a  great 
helpJto  the  earlier  frame  batches  if 
a  hot-bed  can  be  arranged  for  them. 
Later  batches  will  do  nicely  without 
such  aid,  but  the  sun's  warmth 
should  always  be  made  the  utmost 
use  of  by  early  closing  of  the  frames. 
During  the  early  part  of  the  season 
the  frames  should  always  be  well 
covered  up  at  night.  The  Cucumber 
plants  in  bearing  should  receive 
frequent  attention  to  tying  and 
stopping,  and  be  well  supplied  with 
moisture  at  the  roots,  and  atmos- 
pherically. 

Potatoes.— A  good  breadth  of 
these  should  be  got  in  as  opportunity 
offers,  the  ground  being  in  good 
working  condition.  Where  space  is 
limited,  planting  can  be  so  arranged 
to  allow  of  some  Brassica  crop 
running  between  the  rows. 

Seedlings.  — ■  The  pricked  out 
seedlings,  of  Cauliflowers,  Brussels 
and  Cabbage  (sown  as  advised  in 
gentle  heat),  must  be  grown  cool  and 
sturdy,  avoiding  excessive  moisture 
and  cold  draughts  ;  this  will  ensure 
the  best  results  from  them  later. 

Supplies. — Cover  some  crowns  of 
Rhubarb  outdoors  as  a  succession 
to  those  indoors,  .\ny  boxes  or 
barrels,  failing  proper  pots,  will  do 
quite  weU  for  placing  over  the 
crowns  before  covering  the  whole 
well  up  with  litter  and  leaves. 
Seakale  may  now  be  so  treated  and 
most  excellent  results  obtained.  I 
think  sometimes  the  flavour  of 
Seakale  thus  treated  is  even  better 
than  when  grown  in  a  Mushroom 
house.  The  supply  of  Mint  and 
other  herbs  and  salads  must  be 
entirely  governed  by  household 
requirements  and  large  or  small 
batches  brought  on  as  desired 

Plants  Under  Glass. 
Azalea  indica.  —  As  the  plants 

pass  out  of  flower  carefully  remove 

all  seed  pods  and  decaying  blooms. 

Shabby  plants  should  be  cut  back 

and  encouraged  tr  make  new  growth 

in  a  warm,    moist    atmosphere,   at 

the  same    time    attending   to   any 

faulty  root    action,   and    repot   or 

top-dress    where    necessary,    using    as   a  compost 

two     thirds     of    best    fibrous    peat,    a    little    leaf 

soil    and    good    fibrous    loam,     with     plenty      of 

sharp   silver   sand   added  ;     pot   firmly   and  avoid 

over   watering   until   root-action   is   again   in   full 

swing.      Spray    frequently    with    rain    water    and 

occasionally    with    clear   soot   water.     When   the 

plants  are  sufficiently  advanced  with  new  growth 

and  bud  formation   to  justify    feeding,   use  weak 

sheep    manure    water    alternately    with    Standen's 

plant  manure,  for  these  two  suit  them  admirably. 

Fruits  Under  Glass.  b 

Strawberries. — Plants    growing    freely    in    the     ■ 
several   stages   of   development   now   need   to   be     ' 


March  19,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


143 


THE     NEW      YELLOW      1 KLLSIA      TREASURE. 
(See  "  New  and  Rare  Plants,"  page  142) 

kept    well    supplied   with   water   on   sunny   days. 
Probably  the  greatest  enemy  to  good  results  from 
pot  plants  is  dryness  at  some  stage  or  other. 
H.  Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albury  Park  Gardens.  Guildford. 


should  be  sown  in  heat,  placing  a  pane  of  glass  over 
the  seed  pan  and  keeping  the  soil  always  in  a  moist 
condition.  Germination  is  slow,  but  once  the 
scedUngs  appear  and  show  their  second  pair  of 
leaves  they  should  be  pricked  out  into  2j  inch  pots 
and  kept  in  a  close  frame  for  a  period,  potting 
into  fives  at  a  later  date. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Herbaceous  Borders.— Owing  to  the  open 
weather  experienced  here,  bulbous  plants  are 
showing  through  the  ground  much  earlier  than 
usual,  so  work  in  connection  with  the  hardy  flower 
border  should  be  proceeded  with.  Where  the 
borders  were  top-dressed  during  the  winter  they 
should  be  lightly  forked  in,  but  where  the  borders 
may  have  been^trenched  or  replanted  the  previous 
vear,  no  dressing  is  thought  necessary  and  so  far 
this  season  they  wiU  have  the  surface  run  over 
with  a  Buco  cultivator,  a  lesser  sized  implement 
being  used  among  the  smaller  plants  near  the 
front  of  the  border.  Scatter  wood  ashes  round  the 
crowns  of  Delphiniums  and  Gypsophila  as  slugs 
have  a  special  fondness  for  these  plants. 

Phloxes. — ^The  feature  of  many  old  gardens 
during  August  and  September  is  their  glorious 
display  of  perennial  Phloxes.  On  some  heavy  soils 
the  Phlox  does  not  thrive  as  one  would  wish,  but 
gratifying  results  may  be  attained  by  adding  some 
lighter  material  to  the  beds  or  borders  allotted 
to  them  Their  fondness  for  old  lime  rubble  is 
noticeable,  and  if  this  material  is  sifted  and 
worked  into  a  heavy  staple,  along  with  a  goodly 
quantity  of  leaf  mould,  it  will  be  found  to  have 
a  most  beneficial  influence  on  the  growth  of  the 
plants.  The  salmon  pink  shades  are  very  popular, 
especially  for  cutting. 

James  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Cauliflowers. — Early  varieties  of  these,  which 
have  been  wintered  in  frames  may  now  be  trans- 
ferred to  a  warm  and  sheltered  border.  A  few 
light  Spruce  twigs  run  up  each  side  of  the  rows 
are  of  great  benefit  in  warding  off  cutting  winds. 

Hot-beds. — .Additional  hot-beds  are  an  advan- 
tage at  this  time  for  pricking  off  vegetable  and 
other  seedlings  into.  Should  manure  be  scarce, 
the  admixture  of  more  leaves  wiU  be  necessary. 
This  may  not  bring  the  bed  to  such  a  high  tem- 
perature, but  it  will  be  found  quite  warm  enough 
at  this  time  for  most  vegetable  seedlings,  while  it 
may  be  used  with  advantage  later  for  growing  good 
crops  of  Vegetable  Marrows. 

Onions. — Early  sowings  of  these  for  large 
bulbs  should  now  be  pricked  out,  either  into 
boxes  or  hot-beds.  tSe  a  nice  free  compjst, 
being  careful  not  to  have  much  rough  material 
at  the  bottom  of  the  boxes,  as  this  wiU  be  found 
a  disadvantage  when  transplanting  takes  place, 
since  the  small  white  roots  of  the  Onion  are 
so  easily  damaged  when  lifting  and  separating  the 
plants. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Strawberries. — Early  batches  of  these  will  now 
be  swelling  their  fruits,  so  should  receive  some 
stimulant.  .A  little  manure  water  given  about 
twice  weekly  will  prove  beneficial.  If  the  plants 
are  being  grown  in  a  forcing  pit,  it  is  advisable 
to  have  some  moved  into  a  cooler  house  as  the 
fruit  begins  to  colour,  as  this  gives  the  berries  a 
brisker  and  better  flavour.  Support  should  be 
given  the  fruit  trusses,  twigs  of  Birch  being  very 
suitable  for  this  purpose. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Statice  Suworowi.— This  attractive  annual, 
although  not  much  used  for  bedding  purposes  in 
our  district,  is  much  appreciated  for  pot  culture 
and  proves  an  elegant  subject  for  either  conservatory 
or  house  decoration.  It  is  easily  raised,  and  a 
moderate  temperature  suits  it  best.  When  trans- 
ferring the  young  plants  to  their  flowering  pots  we 
find  that  three  to  a  6  inch  pot  gives  the  finest 
results.  It  is  used  with  fine  effect  to  break  the 
flat  appearance  of  other  groups  of  plants. 

Grevillea  robusta. — In  establishments  where 
stoves  and  their  innumerable  types  of  table  and 
other  decorative  plants  were  sacnficed  during  the 
war.  the  want  is  now  felt  of  many  old  favourites; 
but  Grevillea  robusta  is  readily  raised  from  seed 
sown  now  and  develops  into  a  useful  sized  plant 
by  the  end  of  the  season  It  is  much  prized  for  its 
neat   decorative   form    and    Fern- like   foliage.     It 


at  its  disposal  shouldido  well.Tpiant  a  few  roots  of  this 
in  a  wicker  basket  and  sink  a  foot  deep.  For  its  size 
the  basin  errs  in  being  too  deep,  and  if  possible  it  would 
be  advisable  to  introduce  9  inches  of  marly  gravel  into  tbe 
hniUnw  and  above  this  6  inches  of  strongish  loam  for  the 
plants  to  root  into  and  become  established.  This  would 
save  much  subsequent  disappointment. 

SWEET  PEAS  AND  COLOUR  (S.  \V.  G.,  Berks).— Suffi- 
cient quantities  b-iUiof  iron  and  magnesia  are  to  be  found 
in  all  ordinary  soils  for  the  needs  of  the  plant,  though 
high  colour  in  fruit  and  flowers  in  the  case  oi  tbese  plants 
growing  in  loams  associated  with  red  sandstone  soils  is 
often  attributed  to  the  presence  of  large  quantities  of 
iron  compounds  In  such  soils,  and  because  of  it  sulphate 
of  iron  has  been  regarded  as  a  valuable  adjunct  to  maniires. 
This,  iiowever,  has  not  been  borne  out  in  practice.  Lime 
and  potash  are,  however,  of  infinite  importance  to  the 
Sweet  Pea,  and  if  the  soil  is  deficient  in  lime  a  free  addition 
should  be  incorporated  with  the  soil  of  the  trenches  now. 
Our  correspondent  does  not  give  us  any  idea  of  the  soil 
he  is  working  with,  though  judging  by  the  district 
(Berkshire)  it  is  usually  deficient  iu  lime.  The  potash 
could  be  added  later  on. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— T/ie  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  G.iedes  helpful  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  nhat  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Anstrers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  EDITOR  of  THE  GARDES,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2..  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  arc  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  he  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  sfumld  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  cluiracterietic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  PUBLISHER. 


FLOUTSR    GARDEN. 

VIOLETS  UNSATISFACTORY  (Herts).— Quite  a  variety 
of  factors  might  contribute  to  the  Marie  Louise  Violets 
not  attaining  their  usual  colour.  For  example,  where 
and  how  grown  last  season,  the  soil,  class  of  plant  set  out 
(rooted  cutting  or  divided  stool),  position  (sun  or  shade) 
being  some  of  them.  The  not  infrequent  failing  with 
these  doubles,  however,  in  winter  is  lack  of  colour,  an 
anaemic  condition  probably  largely  due  to  lack  of  sunlight 
or  this  in  conjunction  with  lifting  and  framing  durmg  the 
nascent  (petal-forming)  period  of  the  blooms.  For  this 
latter  the  remcdv,  of  course,  would  be  to  plant  either  in 
frames  or  in  beds  of  frame  dimelLsions  so  that  lifting  and 
transplanting  in  autumn  could  be  dispensed  mth.  Beyond 
saving  that  the  plants  "  are  growing  in  well  ventilated 
frames."  oiu"  correspondent  does  not  give  any  clue  as  to 
their  treatni«-nt. 

PLANTS  FOR  WATER  BASIN  ()L  H.,  Southampton).— 
\s  the  low  water  level  is  productive  of  "  inartistic " 
effect  we  suggest  that  our  correspondent  corrects  this 
defect  without  further  ado.  By  insertmg  an  ordinary 
'■  bend  " — iron,  lead  or  eartlienware — into  the  present 
outlet,  raising  it  to  just  below  the  rim  level  of  the  basin 
and  cementing  it  in,  the  inartistic  defect  would  be  remedied 
once  for  all.  The  water  level  in  such  circumstances 
should  be  immediately  below  that  of  the  surface  sur- 
roundings, not  a  foot  below,  as  though  the  entire  arrange- 
ment was  suffering  from  the  effects  of  eternal  drought 
or  water  shortage.  The  best  tall-growing  subject  is 
Sa-'ittaria  japonica  fl.-pl.,  flowers  pure  white,  double 
and  rising  18  inches  out  of  the  water.  Of  this  two  groups 
might  be  arranged,  three  plants  in  each.  These  were 
better  set  and  sunk  in  baskets  of  loam  and  manure,  and 
so  arranged  as  to  height  that  the  crown  of  the  plants 
would  be  about  6  inches  under  water.  The  best  Water 
Lilies  would  be  Nymphaa  odorata  rosea,  X.  o.  alba  and 
N.  o.  sulphurea.  A  pretty  Grass  is  Cyperus  longus  and 
with  Juncus  (Scu-pus)  zebrinus  could  alternate  with  the 
Saeittarias  near  the  sides  and  be  treated  like  these  accord- 
ing to  depth.  The  Water  Ha-n-thorn  (Aponogeton  dis- 
tachyon)  should  be  encouraged  to  strew  the  water's 
surface.    It  is  delightful  of  perfume,  and  with  soft  water 


THE     GREENTIOUSE. 

PEACH    TREES    UNDER    GLASS    UNSATISFACTORY 

(J.  W.,  N.  I)':-von). — ^ye  fear  the  trouble  is  more  deeply 
seated  than  the  buds  of  the  Peaches,  although  these 
show  it  most.  The  pith  is  dead  and  brown  in  several  of 
the  shoots,  which  suggests  either  that  the  roots  are  dead  or 
dying  or  that  the  trees  are  suffering  badly  from  gum- 
ming. We  doubt  the  wisdom  of  painting  buds  with  any 
oily  material. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

WORMS  AND  MANURE  T(  Amateur,  Somerset).— 
Several  of  the  white.  thread-Uke  worms  found  in  manure, 
leaf-mould  and  sou  are  quite  harmless,  but  others  may,  at 
times,  when  present  in  large  numbers,  attack  the  roots 
of  plants.  We  wonder,  however,  if  the  creatures  referred 
to  by  our  correspondent  are  actually  worms.  It  is  always 
more  satisfactory  to  send  specimens.  Wakeley's  Hop 
Manure  is  an  excellent  substitute  for  stable  manure  and 
is  clean  to  handle  and  safe  to  use. 

NAMES    OF   PLANTS. — Thome,  Broad.— Prunus    Pis- 

sardii. B..Durham.^-Griselinialittoralis. "Alpine." 

— 1.  Saxifraga  Elizabethje ;  2,  Saxifraga  apicoUta ; 
3,  Saxifraga  Rocheliana  var. ;  4,  Sedum  spathulifolium  ; 
5,  Primula  marg  nata. 


An    Aid    to    Efficiency    in    the 
Garden 

Once  again  we  hear  the  old  familiar  phrase, 
"  Efficiency  and  Economy,"  and  anything  which 
tends  towards  a  more  economical  production  is 
welcomed  by  all  true  gardeners.  Therefore  we 
draw  attention  to  an  ingenious  and  exceedingly 
practical  device  for  sowing  all  varieties  of  small 
seeds  evenly,  and  as  thinly  as  desired^ — and  the 
seed  being  in  full  view,  the  rate  of  distribution  is 
easily  controlled — whereby  not  only  is  there  a 
saving  of  seed,  but  a  considerable  saving  in  time 
for  subsequent  thinning  out.  As  the  latter  opera- 
tion has  usually  to  be  done  during  the  busiest 
period  of  the  season,  the  economy  in  this  respect 
is  very  marked. 

A  glance  at  the  accompanying  illustration  will 
show  the  sliding  regulators,  adjustable  according  to 


ADJUSTABLE 
(UCULATORS. 

VIBRATORY 
FLANGES 

A    NOVEL    DEVICE    FOR    SOWING    SEEDS. 

the  varieties  of  seed  in  use,  and  also  the  side 
flanges,  which  produce  a  vibratory  movement  when 
passed  along  the  cord  or  stick,  used  in  drawing  the 
drill. 


144 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  19   1921 


Mr.  Vincent  Banks.— It  will  doubtless  come 
as  a  surprise  to  many  to  learn  that  the  Ministry  of 
Agriculture  has,  for  reasons  of  economy,  decided 
to  discontinue  its  propaganda  work  on  the  bottling 
and  preserving  of  vegetables  and  fruits  instituted 
by  the  Food  Production  Department  during  the 
war.  For  this  important  work  the  Ministry  was 
fortunate  in  securing  the  services  of  Mr.  Vincent 
Banks,  who  with  Mrs.  Banks,  has  made  fruit  and 
vegetable  preservation  a  study  of  years.  In 
view  of  the  above  decision  and  the  importance 
of  fruit  and  vegetable  preservation  to  the  com- 
munity Mr.  Banks  proposes  to  continue  the  work 
in  a  private  capacity  and  probably  to  establish 
centres  for  that  purpose.  Meanwhile  he  is  open 
to  engagements,  and  we  wish  him  every  success. 
His  address  is  in,  Lambeth  Palace  Road,  S.E.i. 

A  Selection  of  Sweet  Peas. — In  view  of  the 
interesting  notes  that  have  appeared  in  recent 
issues  on  this  subject  the  following  selection  for 
garden  and  exhibition,  recommended  by  Mr. 
Henry  Eckford,  of  Wem  (Salop),  is  worthy  of 
consideration  by  all  lovers  of  the  Sweet  Pea. 
Agricola,  blush  pink  ;  Caprice,  blue  ;  Constance 
Hinton,  white  ;  Edward  Cowdy,  orange  ;  Fiery 
Cross,  bright  orange;  Hercules,  pink;  Ivorine, 
ivory ;  Jean  Ireland,  creamy  picotee ;  J.rs. 
H.  Hitchcock,  cream  pink  flushed  salmon  ;  New 
Buttercup,  pale  primrose ;  Orchid,  lavender ; 
PapUio,  red  maroon  ;  Pastel  Blue  ;  Peace,  pink  ; 
R.  F.  Felton,  lavender  ;  Rosabelle,  rose  ;  Royal 
Purple ;  Scarlet  Emperor ;  Tea  Rose,  blush 
rose ;  The  .President,  orange  scarlet ;  and 
Wedgwood,  clear  blue. 

Reedens  School  of  Gardening. — It  is  a  sign 
of  the  times  that  schools  for  the  practical  training 
of  w'omen  gardeners  are  springing  up  in  various 
parts  of  the  country.  The  one  at  Reedens  is 
situated  on  high  ground  between  Ashdown  Forest 
and  the  sea  in  a  delightful  part  of  Sussex,  twelve 
miles  from  Brighton  and  three  from  Lewes.  There 
are  seventeen  acres  of  land,  together  with  two 
walled-in  kitchen  gardens,  flower  garden,  herba- 
ceous and  other  borders  and  fruit  plantations.  The 
range  of  glasshouses,  including  vinery  and  Peach- 
house,  and  with  greenhouse  accommodation  for 
other  fruits  and  flowers,  is  particularly  well 
ordered.  Its  equipment,  indeed,  admits  of  a 
thorough  practical  training,  fitting  the  student 
to  take  up  horticulture  as  a  profession  or  enabling 
ladies  to  supervise  their  own  gardens  for  pleasure 
or  profit.  Instruction  is  also  given  in  fruit  bottling 
and  jam  making,  apart  from  the  routine  of 
theoretical  and  practical  work.  The  school  is 
under  the  personal  supervision  and  direction  of 
the  proprietress,  Miss  C.  M.  Dixon,  assisted  by  a 
staff  of  teachers.  For  such  work  Miss  Dixon  is 
possessed  of  many  advantages,  her  lengthy  train- 
ing, subsequent  experience  and  later  intimate 
association  with  commercial  horticulture  for  some 
years  not  least  among  them. 

WANTED,     the    following    Volumes    01 

■•  THE  GAKDEN,"  bound  or  unbound:  Vol.  68,  July-Dec, 
1005  ;  Vol.  69,  Jan.-June,  1906 ;  Vol.  70,  July-Dec,  1906; 
Vol.  71,  Jan.-Dec,  1907;  Vol.  76,  Jan.-Dcc,  1911;  Vol.  76, 
Jan.-Dcc,  1912.  State  particulars  to  B.,  Tbe  Garden,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,   London. 

FOR  SALE.— LE  VALNORD,  GUERNSEY  ; 

three  reception  rooms,  four  bedrooms,  attics,  etc. ;  in  about 
five  acres. — Apply  A.  MaRTIN  &  Son.  Estate  Agents.  Guernsey. 

IRON      FENCING,      GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Nelting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wlrework,  Poultiy  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Ealling,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preservation  of  Ironwork, 
etc.    Catalogue  free— HllL  <Sr  Smith,  Ltd.,  Brlcrley  Hill. 


NEPETA    MUSSINL    glorious    lavender    flower. 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII.    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and   ROCK    PLANTS   for   any  given 

10/6  ;  all  carriagu  paid.    Cash. 

grows 
aspect. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J. 

TAU  DEVI  N 

WILLASTON.    BIRKENHEAD. 

» 

APPOINTMENT 


TO    H.M. 

THE        KING. 


RANSOM  E  S' 

LAWN    MOWERS 

"  The  BEST  in  the  World. '■ 


HAND  LAWN 
MOWERS  OF 
ALL  TYPES. 


Also 

MOTOR,    HORSE,    PONY 

and 

DONKEY    MOWERS. 
DELIVERY    FROM    STOCK. 

Wrile  for  List  No.  101  lo  : — 

RANSOMES,  SIMS  &  JEFFRIES,  LTD., 

ORWELL    WORKS, 

IPSWICH. 

Sold    by    all    Ironmongers    and    Seedsmen. 


THE 

LINCOLN    PEA 

A    customer   from    Yorkshire   writes :      I 
have  grown — 

SIXTEEN     PECKS 

from  one  pint  of  your  Pea,  of  8  !bs.  to  the 

peck,   I  thought  it  impossible  to  grow  16 

packs  as  stated  last  season,  but  I  can  beat 

that  in  a  goad  season.  ^"^ 

19    PINT,    POST     PAID. 

Price  and  Particulars  j^iven  for  lar^e    lots. 

T.  H.   LINCOLN    &   CO., 

Seed  Growers BOSTON,  LINGS. 


7/^ey  are  Cfriamly 
rmost  ingenious  and 
would  prove  a  gnat 
t^mfwenie/ice to  allot- 
ment holders  iind 
\paydeners  astkty 
■would Jbiulitiii^  Ink 
sowing  of  sett's  and 


CES  sowing  of  setts  and 

PRICE  lAsr^ev^^"^ 


EVERYMAN'S    SEED    SOWER 

Economises  the  Seed  and 
SAVES    THINNING    OUT 


From      Leading 

Ironmongers 

Horticultural 

Sundriesmen 

Store:,  etc. 

If    your    dealer     is 

out    of    stock    send 

1  /2  for   Sample 

post  free    to 

HOUSE &QARDEN 

SUNDRIES   CO., 

Dept.  Q., 

10  Eastcheap,E.C.3 


REDUCED     PRICE      OF      SCOTCH      SEED 

POTATOES.  Substantial  reductions  in  all  varieties.  Send 
for  catalogue,  or  state  actual  wants  and  get  a  keen  quotation. — 
Thyne  Si  Son,  Garden  Department,  Dundee. 


GRAND   COLLECTIONS 

PHLOX. 

Jules  Sandeau,  ihim    pink. 
W.  C.  Egan,  rn^y  lav.udor. 
Wanadis,  pair  hivcmliT  blue. 
Nana  Ccerulea,  purplish  blue, 
Selnna,  salmon  pink. 
iris,  Itlni'  violrt. 

E.  Campbell,  l^'st  pink,  white  eye. 
Hanny  Pfleiderer,  creamy  white,  rose  eye. 
Antonin  Mercie,  lavender. 
Coquelicot,  Ii<  ry  scarlet. 
General  van  Heutszi  oran^'e  scarlet. 

F.  A.  Buchner,  white. 
1  raeh  uf  abovi-  9/-  ;     2  of  each  17/- 

PAPAVERS    (Orieatal  Poppies). 
Poppy's  Unique,  crimson  scarlet. 
Rose  Queen,  rose  pink. 
Princess  Ena,  ^salmon  rose. 
Oriflame,  scarlet. 
Silvep  Btick,  t>ilvery  wJiite. 
Silver  Queen,  white. 
Mps.  Peppy,  apricot  salmon. 
Queen  Alexandpa,  clear  rose. 
Masteppiece,  salmon  pink. 
Qoliath,  scarlrt.  enormous  flowers. 
Perry's  White,  white. 
Lady  Roscoe,  salmon  shaded  terra-cotta. 
1  (if  rach  8/6;     2  of  each  16/. 
CAMPANULAS    (for    Rockeries). 
Cappatica    Isabel,  dark  \iolet. 
,,  White  Stap,  white. 

„  Riverslea,  rich  blue. 

Qapganica  minop,  pale  blue. 
Q.  F.  Wilson,  deep  blue. 
Profusion,  pale  blue. 
Bavarica,  blue. 
Aggregata,  bluish  purple. 
Stevensii  nana,  drep  blue. 
Putloides,  drrp  purple. 
Tupbinata  pallida,  pale  blue. 

,,  purplish  blue. 

1  earli  9/-  ;    2  uf  <'ach  17/6  ;    3  of  each  25/-. 
ALBRIETIAS    (12    Grand    Varieties). 
Apgentea,  Ppitchapd's   A.I.,    Pupple    Robe,  Violet 
Queen,  Puppupea,  Qodstone  (New),  Taupicola  alba, 
The  Queen  (New),  Leichtlini,  Lilac  Queen,  Laven- 
der, Sov.  de  Wm.  ingpam. 
1  of  each  8/6  ;    2  of  each  16/-  ;    3  of  each  24/6. 
Send  for  Descriptive  List  of  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants. 

W.     WELLS,  TJun., 

Hardy  Plant  Nurseries,  MERSTHAM,  SURREY. 


NWOMA 


nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 


AUBRIETIAS 

(New  Varieties). 

^%         ^3%         (^* 

Strong  tufty  plants  grown  in  pots  for  imme- 
diate  planting    out    for   effect   this  Spring. 

t^^  (^*  (,?* 

ATTRACTION  <R.  V.  PRICHABD).  1921  Novelty. 

Immense   pale   mauve:    largest  flowers   of    any. 

each  5'-. 
AUBREY   PRICHARD.  rich  mauve  blue,   circular 

flowers.  1  6  each,  ISi-doz. 
BLUE  KING,  nearest  approach  to  blue,  1/6  each, 

15/-doz. 
CHURCH  HNOWLE.  lovely   grey   blue,    1/-  each, 

101- doz. 
DAYBREAK,  rosy  lavender,  1/6  each,  15/-  doz. 
IIRE   KING,    IMPROVED,   reddish   crimson,   1/6 

each,  15/-  doz. 
RIVERSLEA  PINK,  large  rosy  pink,  1/-  each,  10/- 

doz. 
ROSEA  SPLENDENS,  lovely  soft  rose  pink,  large 

size,  perfect  habit.    Award  Merit.  R.H.S.  Spring. 

1919.    1/6  each,  six  plants  for  S/n. 
RUSSELL'S  CRIMSON,  darkest  of  the  red  shades, 

1/-  each,  10/-  doz. 
STUDLAND,  clear  lavender  mauve,  l/-each,  10/6 

doz. 
VIRGINIE,  rich  lavender,  white  centre,    1/6  each. 

15/-  doz. 
WARBARROW,  pure  deep  rose,  1/-  each,  10/6  doz. 

Collection,  one  each  of  the  above,  12/6,  other 

varieties  of  Aubrietias,  9d.  each,  8/-  doz. 

Carriage  extra. 

CATALOGUE  o/6es(  rock  and  herbaceous  plants, 
on  application. 

MAURICE    PRICHARD, 

Riverslea   Nursery, 

CHRISTCHURCH,    HANTS. 


nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnD 


March  19,   ly^i.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


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mtoTus 
kecU 


for 


Garden,  Tennis  &  Croquet 
Lawns,  Bowling  Greens, 
Golf  Courses,  Cricket,  Polo, 
and  other  Sports  Grounds. 

T 


M 


'HE  science  of  "  Grass  Production  and  Uplseep  "  has 
been  the  life-study  of  three  generations  of  Suttons, 
and  the  experience  gained  through  all  these  years 
has  materially  assisted  in  producing  and  main  aining 
the  fine,  hardwearing  turf  to  be  found  on  the  many 
Lawns,  Golf  Courses  and  Sports  Grounds  — in  the  British  Isles,  France.  Belgium  and  America — it  has  been  our  prisilege 
to   sow   down    or   to  renovate. 

The  production  of  Turf  is  not  then  merely  a  question  of  seed  sowing, 
but  prescribing  thoughtful  and  appropriate  Seed  Mixtures  suited  to  varying 
soils,  situations  and  climatic  conditions.  To  ensure  success  these  prescriptions 
must   be    compounded   with    meticulous    care. 

The  services  of  our  expert  advisers  are  at  your  disposal,  and  enquiries 
as   to    particulars   and    terras   on    which    visits   can    be   arranged    are    invited. 

The  best  methods  of  laying  down  Lawns  and  Sports  Grounds  are  to  be 
found    in    our   pamphlet,    "  Lawns,"    price    2/6. 


M 
M 


M/UoTi^t 


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THE    KING'S    SEEDSMEN, 


READING. 


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r^i  T^i  I— 1 3— r  I— I  i^i  1^1  x^ii^[— r  i^r  i^i  i— t  j^r  3— r  ^^jtys^ 


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Effective  Treatment  of  Daffodil  &  other  Bulb  Diseases 

The  certainty,  simplicity  and  economy  of  the 
"  hot- water  treatment "  of  bulb  diseases  have 
been  conclusively  proved.  The  Hearson's  Ther- 
mostatic Bulb  Treatment  Bath  makes  it  possible 
for  the  large  or  small  bulb-grower  to  completely 
annihilate  eelworm  (Tylenchus  devastatrix), 
Merodon  equestris,  and  other  pests  without 
the    slightest    injury    to    the    bulbs    themselves. 

HEARSON S 

THERMOSTATIC  BULB  TREATMENT  BATH 

maintains  the  required  temperature  automatically  and  with  little 
supervision  during  the  whole  period  of  treatment  :  the  bath  as  sent 
from  the  factory  is  complete,  self-contained,  and  needs  no  accessories: 
the  economy  of  the  method  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  cost 
of    treating    one    ton    of     bulbs     is    approximately     fifteen     shillings. 


Model  No.  J  (li  cu't.  of  Bulbs)  Gas  Heated. 

The   Hearson   Thermostatic   Bulb  Treatment 

Baths  are  made  for  heating  by  Gas  or   Oil, 

to   hold   from  a   few    pounds   to   1^    cwt.  of 

bulbs,  and   at  prices  from  £10  to  £45. 


THE     CERTAIN      CURE     FOR     BULB      DISEASES. 

Descriptive  Leaflet  gladly  sent  on   request  to  Dept.  A. 

CHAS.  HEARSON  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  68,  Willow  Walk,  Bermondsey,  London,  S.E.I. 

Telephone    No.:      Hop     163. 


\aii. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  19,   1921. 


Lawn 


J|^       LAWN    ^ 

Rowers 


AND 


THE     PIONEERS     OF     ALL    THAT 
IS      BEST      IN      LAWN      MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "  SILENS 
MESSOR"  LAWN 
MOWERS. 


WORLD    RENOWNEr 

OVER  A  MILLION  SOLD 

Green's  New  Century  Lawn  Mower 

The  ideal  Mower  for  small  lawns, 
slopes,    banks, 
etc. 


f^ouje.^ 


Motor   Lawn   Mowers 

made  in 
Sizes     12in.    to    42in. 


-^  May     be     had     from 
any     Ironraonger     or 
Seedsman        in       thel 
United  Kingdom. 


ROLLERS. 


Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


THOMAS  GREEN  &    SON.  Ltd.,  Smithfield   Ironworks,  Leeds,  and  New  Surrey  Works,  Sonthwark  Street.  London.  S.E.I. 


PRODUSO' 


From  :— 

SEEDSMEN  and 
NURSERYMEN 

or  direct. 

TINS  9iL  EACH  (113  post  tret). 

7lb,,14lb.,281b.,561b.,  Icwt.  bags 
3  -,  5/9,  916,  17/6,  30/-  each. 

Bags  Free.  Carriage  Paid. 
HUNTER  &  GOW   LTD.,  28.  THOMAS  ST,  UVERPOOL 


THE  FINEST 
&  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
FE  RTI LIZER 
FOR    ALL    CROPS. 


ASPARAGUS. 

Now  is  the  best  time  for  planting.  We  can  offer 
Strong  two  years'  of  Giant  and  French  Argenteuil, 
15/-  per  100,  three  years'  ditto,  20/-  per  100. 
Carriage  by  Passenger  Train  extra. 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


FIG.  2.  FIG.  2. 

(Welted  Pattern).  (No-Welt  Pattern). 

ONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS  USED. 
SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST!  MOST  ECONOMICAL  ! 

Best  English  Leather  or  Rubber  Soles. 
Used    in    the     Royal     and    in     thousands     of     the 

Principal    Gardens. 

Fig.  1,  can  be    re-soled   many    tunes  and   will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Silver  Medals:— 

Royal  Horticultural  Society.  1904  and  1914. 

Royal  International  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1912. 

HUNDREDS    OF    TESTIMONIALS. 
Over  10,OO0  Sets  used  In  the  United  Kingdom. 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  from  the  Makers  .— 
H.  PATTISSON  &   Co..  Strealham.  London 


NOW     READY. 

BLACK'S 

Gardening  Dictionary. 

Edited  by  E.  T.  ELLIS,  F.R.H.S. 

With  contributions  by  the  leading  Gardening 
Experts  and  Specialists  of  our  time. 

Demy    8vo.    cloth,    uniform    in    style    with    Black's 
Medical    Dictionary   and  other   Books   of   Reference. 

Price     1 5/-    net. 

A.  &C,  BLACK,  LTD,, 4,  Soho Square,  London, W,1 


^^'J 


BU  LBS 


AND 


PLANTS 


For   Spring,  1921. 


All     of     the      Finest      Quality. 


The   Catalogue  of  above  will  be 

sent,    post    free,    on    application 

to  their  Offices  at 

Overveen,     Haarlem, 
HOLLAND. 


"To  Lovers  of  the  Garden  Beautiful." 


600  Illustrations  from  Ufe>l  Hardy  Flowering 
Slirubs,  Trffs,  Oimbcrs,  Plants  for  thn  Waterside, 
Shrubbery,  Avenue,  Woodland,  Bog,  Bamboo, 
Dell  and  Rock  Qarden,  with  description  and 
notes  as  to  planting.    Copies  gratis  on  application. 


V.  N.  GAUNTLETT  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
Japanese  Nurseries, 

CHIDDINGFOLD,  Surrey. 


I 


(Carriage  Paid.) 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BCLBS,    ROSES,    HERBACEOUS     AND    ROCK    PLANTS, 

RHODODENDRONS,   AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES,   PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY  MONDAY    WEDNESDAY  &  FRIDAY    by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

at  their  Central  Sale' Rooms, 

67     &    68,     CHEAPSIDE,     E.G. 2 

Catalogues   on  Application. 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARV  ING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL,  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


38.000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and    Botanic^ 
Gardens     and     by     thousands    of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LI^T  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E,  1 


March  19,   192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


IX. 


BEGONIAS 

In  superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding. 


Doubles,  in  8  colours,  Howci's  IlliC  large  Roses  and  Camellias 
Doubles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,  ,,  ,,        ,,  ,, 

Singles,  in  6  colours,  very  large  fine  shaped  flowers 
Singles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,. 


T  -    r'^'"  dozen  50  -  per  100 

5  6    ,,  40  -    ,,     ,, 

46    ,,         ,,  30>     ,,     .. 

3,6   ,,  24/-    ,,     ,, 


Collection  of  3G  l.irj^e  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15- 
Send  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations, 
Delphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOW     IS     THE     BEST     TIME     TO      PLANT     DELPHINIUMS. 

We  have  pleasure  in  offering  the  following  Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 
which  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  this  year : — 

Collection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kinds  for    ...     50/- 
Collection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds...         ...         ...         ...         ...     40/- 

Collection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      ...         ...  ...  20/-  and  30/- 

CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

BLACKMORE   &   LANGDON,   BATH. 


Prices : 


MainiAicliii 


Use  RITO  and  double  your  Crops 

.Mr.  G.   F.  Birch,  of  Spalding,  writes;  — 

"  I  enclose'  two  photographs  showing  plants  tre.tted  with  RITO.  sids  by  side  with 
some  n  -l  treated.  You  will  notice  not  only  are  the  plants  much  stronger  and  larger,  but 
that  tht-re  is  nearly  three  tinie.^  as  mjch  fruit  on  those  that  have  had  the  beneHt  of  RITO." 

RITO  is  equally  suitable  for  all  kinds  of  Allotment 
and  Garden  Produce.  It  is  clean  to  handle  and  free 
from   smell. 

1  cwt.  23  6,  A-cwt.  12/-,  i-cwt.  6  9,  14  lbs.  3  9,  7  lbs.  2- 
SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

/  i,H,)er  Roya!  Letters  Patent  by  Tlie  Mohtssine  Coin/tnny  Ltd..  .V.  Tunnel  Aveanc.  Grcemcicli.  S.B.  10 


for  every  garden 


^HIGHEST  QUALTIY  LOWEST  PRICES. 

JCWHEELER&SOIiR 

Seed  Mercli2iii'Ls, 
GLOUCESTER 


Planting  Calendar 
M  AR^  H  . 

Conditions  are  now  favourable  for   planting 

ROSES,    BUSH    FRUITS,    LOGANBERRIES, 

LAXTONBERRIES,  and  other  Hybrid  Berries, 
STRAWBERRIES,  HARDY  PERENNIALS,  ROCK 
PLANTS,  HARDY  CLIMBERS,  ORNAMENTAL 

TREES  &  SHRUBS,  RHUBARB,  ASPARAGUS, 

etc. 

,  We  have  good  stocks  of  all  the  above,  and  shall 
be  pleased  to  send  Illustrated  and  Descriptive 
Catalogues  on  application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 

I 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    Catalogue. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed    Potato   Merchants,   YORK. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

Choice  Saxifrages,  over  TO  species  and 
varieties.  Sample  Dozen,  carr.  paid,  10,6 
Send    for    full    list,   containing   many    Ne>v    and 

Rare    Plants,    Free. 
FREDK.    G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 

ASHTEAD,    SURREY. 


Forbes*  1921  Catalogue 

Carnations.         Pelargoniums.         Pentstemons. 

Phloxes.  Florists'  Flowers. 

Hardy    Border    Perennials.  Seeds,   etc. 

FREE    ON    APPLICATION. 

JOHN  FORBES  (Hawick)  Limited,  The  King's 

Nurserymen.    HawicW,    Scotland. 


CAU  LI  F  LONA/  E  R 


DANIELS* 


MAY     QUEEN." 


The  fastest  prowing.  quicUest  headin^i  vaiiety  in 
existence.  Planted  in  March.  Lirge  white  heads 
may  be  cut  during  May  and  June.  Autumn-sown 
plants.  3/6  per  100  :  500  for  16/-  ;  1,000  for  30  -. 
Carriage  Paid,  with  Cultural  Hints. 

DANIELS  &  SON,  Dept.  G.N.,  Wymondham,  Norfolk. 


CARNATIONS 

Why  pay  high  railway  rates? 

TRY     MY 

Parcel  Post  Collections. 


PLANTS  our  OF  U  INCH  POTS. 

20     in   20  varieties 20/- 

50    in  50  varieties  ...  ...     50/- 

100    in   100  varieties  ...lOO,'- 

All    Free    by    Post. 


C.   ENGELMANN, 

Carnation   Grower, 
SAFFRON      NA/ALDEN. 

GREEN    HOLLIEST 

A     particularly     fine     lot     for     i  nmediate    effect. 

5  fi   feet,   6,7   feet,  7/8  feet  and  8/9  feet. 

P. ices  per   dozen,    and    hundred    on   application   to 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 

ALPINE    AND   HERBACEOUS   PLANTs! 

Des:riptive  Catalogae-Guide  for  1921. 

All  plants  carefully  described,  with  heights,  times 
of  flowering,  and  some  Cultural  Notes.      Write  : — 

MAXWELL     &    BEALE, 

BROADSTONE,     DORSET. 

CARNATIONS 

For  any  and  every    purpose,   but  you    must   plant 

BORDER    CARNATIONS 

now  for  best  results  this  season.  Our  stocks  are  simply 
magnificent,  and  we  have  all  the  best  varieties.  The  under- 
mentioned collections  are  available  at  carriage  and  packing 
paid  prices  : — 

Coll.  No.  Ic— 6  distinct;  varieties.  12/- 

Coll.    No.    2c.— 12    distinct    varieties,    24/-I 

Coll.  No.  3c.— 100  Plants   lri   tbe    twelve    bfst  standard 

*■  varieties,  140j-  ^ 

Carriage  and'pactclng'pal?  for  cash. 

ALLWOODII. 

The  new  hardy  plant— half  Pink  and  half  Carnation.  They 
grow  anywhere  and  flower  perpetually  from  Spring  to 
Winter.  All  varieties  available  from  1,'6  to  5;-  per  plant. 
or  we  can  offer  the  undermentioned  collections  : — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties,  11;- 

Coll.  No.2b.— 9  distinct  varietiesdncluding  3  novelties).23;6 

Coll.   No.    3b.— 12     disliact    varieties    (incluJing     all  6 

novelties).  40/- 

Carrlage  and  packing  paid  for  oash. 

CULT  U  R  A  I-     BOOKLET,    6d.    post -free. 

FOR    THE    GREENHOUSE.— We    have    magnifict;nt    stocks    of 

Perpetual  Flowering  Carnations  in  6in.  Pots— plants  which  will 

commence  to  bloom  shortly,  and  continue  for  upwards  of  IS  months. 

A'l  the  best  varieties  from  35  -  per  dozen  (carriage  extra).      YounRer 

stitc\   in  3iin.   Pots  ready  from  April  onwards   from   15./-    per  dozen 

'carriage  extra). 

Fully  Illustrated  Ca'alogue  gladly  sent  Pos'  Free  on  request. 

I  When  yoD  think  of  Carnations  yoo  think  of 


The  leadioT  Carnation  Raisers  and  Specialists  io  tbe  World.  Dept.  4. 

HAYWARDS        HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


X. 


THE     GARDEN 


':\Iarch   iq,   1921. 


f  rm 


/i;/ir;:]-::'N'h|:i:if| 


MORE  THAN  SOAP 

YET 
COSTS  NO  MORE 


<3^  name  LEVER 

on  cS'oap  IS  a 

Guarantee  o/'Pur/ti/ 

and  Exce/Jpnce. 


In  me  lift  witn 

LIFEBUOY- 

there  is  less  danger  of 
infection  because  this  won- 
derful antiseptic  soap  places 
a  tiny  sentinel  of  health  in 
every  pore  of  the  skin 
washed  with  it. 

You  are  in  the  lift  for  perhaps 
two  minutes  ;  during  that  time 
you  breathe  an  atmosphere 
laden  with  disease- bringing 
microbes.  You  cannot  avoid 
the  crowd  but  you  can  easily 
avoid  infection — ask  your 
grocer  for  Lifebuoy  Soap.  Use 
it  at  home — in  the  bathroom 
and  kitchen ;  in  the  office  or 
workshop.  Wash  with  Lifebuoy 
morning  and  night  —  there's 
health  in  its  fresh  carbolic 
odour. 


LIPIPUOY  SOAP 

LEVER     BROTHERS     LIMITED.     PORT    SUNLIGHT. 


r,  IT7    II 


Eggs  &■ 
Chicks 


From  High  Fecur  d  Layers  of  First-grade 
EggB  mated  to  Male  B.rds  bred  from 
dams  with  pullet  year  records  200  &  over. 

White  Leghorns.    Light  Sussex. 

EgK»  12  6,  1S;6.  Chicks  31i- par  d  z. 

of  Eggs  from  Spfcial  Birils.     30,  -  &  42,  -  per  doz. 

Thaxted,  Essex. 


A  limited  number 

G.GORDON  GRAY,  LTD., Deansbrook  P.F. 


"ACME 


>> 


WEED    KILLER 

DESTROYS     WEEDS,      MOSS,     etc.,    ON 

CARRIAGE     DRIVES,     GARDEN 

WALKS,     ROADS,     etc. 

Awarded    Gold     Medal    Anglo-American     E.xhibition. 
Bronze  Medal   Royal    Horticultural  Society. 

POWDER    WEED     KILLER 

The  same  chemical  compound  as  the  lit.|uid.  and  only 
needs  the  addition  of  water. 
Dissolves  Quickly  in  Cold  Water. 
SIZE    OF    TINS. 
No.  X,  sufficient  to   make  VA  galls.,  2/-,  postage    W. 
,.     I,  „  ..  '-iS 

,      2.  „  .,  50 

,,     3.  ..  .,  100 

..      4.  „  .,  150 

Tins  free. 

Lawn    Sand. —  Kills  Daisies,  etc. 

grass.      No  other  manure  necessary. 

56  lb..  16/-. 
Soluble    Paraffin. — Mixes   instantly  with   water   and 

does   not  separate.       1    lb..  J|9,  post  frte.      1   oz. 

sufficient  for  1  gallon  of  water. 
Arsenate  of  Lead  (Pastel  for  destroying  all  leaf-eating 

insects,  3/-  per  lb.,  post  free.     1  lb.  sufficitnt  for 

25  gallons  of  water. 
Extract  of  Quassia  Insecticide.— 1  gallon,  5/-,  carriage 

paid  c  n -T  g  lions.     Pint,  2/6,  post  free. 
Compound  Extract  of  Quassia  Tobacco  Insecticide.— 

Pint,  2/6  ;    quart,  4/-,   post  free. 

THE  ACME  CHEMICAL  CO.,  LTD., 

TONBRiDGE,     KENT. 


3/9 

18/-. 

1/- 
1/- 
1/6 
post  frte. 

and    fertilises 
essary.      7  lb.. 

the 
2/S; 

EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


^J    LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA"   Uwn  Sand.  sotLfUMC. 

NiCOriME.lNSECTICIDES.FUMEBS.SPfiAYS  AHX)  OTHER  CHEMICALS 
*Nt)  Sundries    %lt^  usr    Please  *sk  your  ageht  »oo  the  Eureka 

IRTlCLES  -  TmEY  ABE   ALWAYS   SATISFACTORY      IF  AMY   DIFFICULTY 
IN   OBTAiMiNG    WE   SEND   DIRECT,     caPPIACE   PAID 


OnlvAllress:  TOMUNSOII  >  H«YW»PD  LT?  LIWCOUW 


"Beats Tarred  Felt  hollow." 

Clean  and  easy  to  handle.  No 
tarring- orpaintine:.  Anybody  can 
fix  it.  Time  and  weatherproof. 
In  rolls,  ready  to  lay.  of  Hard- 
ware Merchants  everywhere. 

SAMPLES      The  Ruheroid  Co.,  Lt-I. 
Free.  iDpt.S),  ShKnijlhtride-  St.,R.C. 


You,    Your     Friend,    and     Your     Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss 
the   Important  and   Beautiful  Numbers  of 


THE  GARDEN 

that  are   to  appear  during  this  year. 


%ht  surest   and  simplest    way  of  promptly  securing  a 
copy  of  every  issue  is   to  fill  up  the  form  printed  below.  ; 


CUT  HERE. 


To  Messrs 

Newsagents, 
or  The   Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,  London,  W.C.2. 
Please    send    me,    by    Post,    "The   Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.O. 

for being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 

Name • 

Address 

19 

Inland  Subscription.  Foreign  and   Colonial  Subscriptions,   17/4  per  annum;   6  months,  8/S    including  Pottage. 


March    K),   1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


32ncl    SEASON. 


MrS-PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

PostiFree,    or   carriage  |iaid    passenger    train.    '   Packing    free,    no    delay.       24/-    worth   for   20/-.      Lots    can    be 
divided.       Please  add  4d.  extra  for   orders   under  3/-,   to    help    meet   high    rate   of   postage.        Cash    with    order. 
Plant    now    for    success.      Splendid    strong,    hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year. 


HARDY     PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Achillea,  Tlic  Pearl,  doubk'  white,  8,  1/4.  Achillea,  Perry's 
While,  6,  1/6.  Achillea,  Sew  Cerise  Queen,  4,  1/4.  Agros- 
teinma,  Fios  joirs,  Crimson,  6,  1/4.  Alyssum  corapactum, 
Gold  Dust,  12,  1/6.  Alyssum  raoutanum,  summer  tiowerini;, 
4,  1/4.  Alpine  Wallflowers,  dwarf,  20,  1/6.  Alpine  Pinks, 
various  colours,  12,  1/6.  Alstromeria,  PeruWau,  Flame  Lily, 
4,  1/4.  Anchusa  Italica,  amethyst  blue,  6,  1/4.  Anchusa 
Dropmore,  intense  blue,  4,  1/4.  Anchusa  myosotisiBora,  dwarf 
rockery,  etc.,  masses  deep  f^entian  blue,  3,  1/6.  Aconitum 
Fiseheri,  rich  blue, enormous  blooms,  3, 1/6.  Anemone  japonica, 
white  or  pink,  4,  1/6.  Aquilegia,  loa;|  spurred,  new  art  shades 
and  pure  yellow,  6,  1/4.  Aquilegia,  double  and  single  mixed, 
12,  1/6.  Arabis,  double  white,  6,  1/4.  Aubrietia,  masses  rich 
purple,  12,  1/6.  Auricula,  alpine  and  show,  6,  1/6.  Aster, 
perennial,  best  named,  3,  1/6.  Aster,  perennial,  sood  mU'-d, 
6,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  stroni;,  bushy,  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted, new  lar^;e  ftowerin,',  lovely  colours,  separate  or  mixed, 

3.  1/4. 

Brompton  Stocks,  all  colours,  6,  1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strons  rooted  cuttings,  best  named,  for 
house  or  'garden,  summer,  autumn  or  wiat^-r  flowering,  any  colour 
or  mixed,  6,  1/4.  Campanulas,  dwarf  carpatica,  masses  of 
bloom,blueorwliite,4,l/4.  Campanula  persicifoUa  andyrandis, 
tall,  4,  1/4.     Campanula  Wahlenberaia,  large  Clematis-flowered, 

4,  1/4.  Campanula  macrantha,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Cam- 
panula pyramidalis,  hanlsome  chimney  bell  flower,  two  year  old 
plants,  blue  or  white,  3,  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  lovely  hybrids, 
12, 1/4.  Canterbury  Bells,  double  pink,  white  and  blue,  6, 1/4. 
Canterbury  Bells,  cup  and  saucer,  6,  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells, 
lovely  larL'e  pink  itr  wliif c  singles,  12, 1/6.  Candytuft,  perennial, 
4,  1/4.  Carnation  (irenidin,  scarlet  or  white  or  mixed,  good, 
6,1/6.  Carnation  .Margaret,  flne  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Carnation, 
good  double  bordi-r,  all  colours,  separate,  6,  1/6.  Centaurea 
niontana,  large  perennial  Cornflower,  blue  or  white,  6,  1/4. 
Cerastium,  snow  in  summer,  12,  1/6.  Cheddar  Pinks,  true, 
6,  1/4.  Christmas  Rosas,  large  roots,  2,  1/4.  Chrysanthe- 
mum maximum,  >Irs.  L.  Bell,  market  favourite,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Chinese  Pinks,  lovely  colours,  12,  ^1/6.  Cistus,  rock  rose, 
6,  1/4.  Coreopsis  grandiflora,  6, 1/4. '  Cornflowers,  Kelway's 
double  blue,  12,  1/4.  Cowslips,  red  hybrids,  6,  1/4.  Crucia- 
nella,  pink  rockery,  etc.,  8,  1/4. 

Dactylis,  silver  ribbon  grass,  6, 1/4.  Daisies,  new  Moastrosa. 
rnormous  double  red  or  white,  12, 1/4.  Delphinium  formosum 
and  finest  hybrids,  3,  1/6.  Dianthus  deltoides,  creeping, 
crimson,  6  1/4.  Dianthus  Kelway's  lovely  named  varieties, 
.'-parate  colours  or  mLxed,  12,  l^ti     Oielytra  spectabilis,  bleeding 

'rut,   2,    1/9. 

Eccremocarpus,  orange  flowered  climber,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron 
■  -inactes),  mauve,  4,  r/4.  Erigeron,  new  Quakeress,  fine, 
o.  16.  Erigeron,  new  large  salmon,  2,  1/6.  Eupatorium, 
wMti ,  6,  1/4.  Evening  Primrose,  tall,  6,  1/4.  Evening 
Primrose,  dwarf,  4.  1/4. 

Forget-me-nots,  best  large  flowering  dwarf,  dark  or  light 
blue,  15,  1/4.  Foxgloves,  purple,  white,  spotted,  etc.,  12,  1/4. 
French  Marguerites,  all  colours.  6.  1/6.  Fuchsia,  hardy 
crimson  bush,  4,  1/6. 

Qaillardia  grandiflora,  6, 1/4.  Qalega,  Goat's-rue,  mauve  or 
white,  6,  1/4.  Qeum  Mrs.  Bradshaw  (two  year  old),  2,  1/4. 
Qeum  Glory,  double  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  QIadioIus,  best  named, 
large  bulbs,  scarlet,  white,  pink,  flame,  yellow,  salmon,  maroon, 
violet,  blue  and  splendid  new  hybrids.  6,  1/4.  Qypsophila 
glabrata,  dwarf  rockery,  6,  1/4.  Qypsophila  panlculata  (gauze 
tiower),  6,  1/6.    Qypsophila  lUikejeka,  pink,  4,  1/4. 

Helenium  Bigelowi,  Hooperii,  autumnal,  etc.,  6,  1/4, 
Helenium  Illverton  Gem  and  Beauty,  4,  1/6.  Helianthus, 
perennial  Sunflower,  double  or  single,  12,  1/6.  Hemerocallis, 
large  flowering,  yellow  and  orange  red  Lily,  4,  1/4.  Heuchera 
sangulnea,  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Hollyhock,  Kelway's  doubles,  4,  1/6. 
Hollyhock,  single,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.  Honesty,  crimson  or 
white,  12,  1/6.     Hypericum  St.  John  Wort,  6,  1/6. 

Iceland  Poppy,  Excelsior  strain,  6,1/4  Incarvillea,  large  rich 
carmine,  3,  1/6.  Iris,  large  flowered  Japanese,  4,  1/4.  Iris, 
larcre  flag,  splendid  large  flowering  white,  mauve,  blue,  purple, 
vellow,  4,  1/6;    mixed,  6,  1/6 

Kniphofia,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/4. 

Lavender  bushes,  English,  3,  1/4.     Lilies,  hardy  Tiger,  3, 1/4. 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  large,  6,  1/4.     Linum,  blue  perennial  Flax, 
'  8,  1/4.     Linaria  dalmatica,  yellow,  6,  1/4.     Lobelia  cardinalls, 
hybrids,   6,    1/6.     Lobelia   cardinalls,   CJueen   Victoria,  4,   1/4. 
London  Pride,  rockery,  6,  1/4.  Lupins  polyphyllus,  white,  blue, 
6,  1/4.     Lupin,  pink,  4,  1/4.     Lupin  Tree,  yellow  or  white, 
3,   1/4.     Lupins,   mixed   colours,   12,   1/6.     Lychnis,   scarlet, 
salmon,  crimson,  6,  1/4. 
1      Musk,  hardv  scarlet,  6,  1/4.     Monarda  Cambridge,  scarlet, 
3,  1/4.    Mont'bretia,  brilliant  spikes,  12,  1/6. 
I'^epeta  Mussini  (Cat  Mmt),  6,  1/6. 

Periwinkle,  large  blue,  6.  1/6.  Panstes,  splended  large 
Hnwerlng  Bugnot's  Superb,  Bismarck,  Britannia',  Masterpiece, 
<^'i-siers,  Odlers,  etc.,  12,  1/4.  Pansies,  bedding  white,  yellow, 
i'liii',  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden.  12,  1/4.  Papaver  Oriental 
t,)iieen.  Apricot  Queen,  Salmon,  etc..  6,  1/6.  Papaver  Oriental. 
scarlet  and  crimson,  6,  1/4.  Passion,  hardy  blue  and  white, 
^,  1/6.  Peas,  Everlasting,  red,  pink,  white,  4,  1/4.  Physalis, 
t.'i:int  Cape  Gooseberry,  6,"  1/4.     Pinks,  favourite  double  white. 


6,  1/4.  Pinks,  .Mrs.  Simkins,  4, 1/1.  Pinks,  coloured,  fragrant, 
12,1/6.  Pinks,  Jfipancse,  large  fringed,  12, 1/6.  Polemonium, 
blue,  6,  1/4.  Phlox,  large  flowering,  best  named,  pink,  salmon, 
scarlet,  wliite,  crimson,  purple,  wiiitc  and  cerise,  3,  1/6  ;  mixed, 
4,  1/4.  Polyanthus,  Kelway's  border,  6,  1/4.  Polyanthus, 
Primrose,rich  colours,  6,1/6.  Polyanthus,  double  blue  or  white, 
4,  1/6.  Poppy,  Shirley,  art  shades,  6  1/4.  Potentilla,  double 
crimson,  6,  1/6.  Primula  dentlculata  superba,  large  clumps, 
1.  1/-.  Primulas,  lovely  hardy  varieties  for  rockery  and  damp, 
shady  places,  many  beautiful  colours,  assorted,  4,  1/4.  Pent- 
stennon,  scarlet  and  large  flowering  varieties,  6,  1/6.  Pseonies 
iargi-  pink,  crimson,  white,  yellow,  2, 1/4.  Pyrethrum,  Kelway's 
hybrids,  6,  1/6. 

Ribbon  Qrass,  variegated,  6,  1/4.  Rose  of  Sharon,  4,  1/4, 
Rose  Campion,  crimson,  12,  1/6.  Rosemary  bushes,  3,  1/6. 
Rocket,  sweet,  6,  1/4.  Rudbsckia  Newmanii,  6,  1/6.  Rud- 
beckia,  golden  ball,  double  6.  1/4. 

Salvia  pratensls,  spikes  purple,  4, 1/4.  Saponariaocymoides 
pink  dwarf,  6,1/4.  Saxifraga  choice  assorted,  6, 1/6.  Sedums, 
choice  assorted,  6, 1/4.  Scabious,  sweet,  double,  8, 1/4.  Scabious 
Ciucasica,  large  mauve,  3,  1/6.  Shasta  Daisy,  wlute,  6,  1/4. 
Silene  compacta,  dwarf  pink,  15, 1/6.  Solidago,  Golden  Wlng.^, 
6,  1/6.  Stachys,  Lamb's-wool,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  Williams, 
Kelway's  Pink  Beauty  and  Scarlet  Beauty,  6,  1/4.  Sweet 
William  Diadem,  auricular  eyed  and  good  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Star 
of  Bethlehem,  6,  1/4. 

Trollius  early  golden  globe  flower,  6,  1/6.  Thistle  Queen 
of  Scots,  from  the  original  at  Fotheringay  Castle,  3, 1/4.  Thalic- 
trum,  hardy  Maiden  Hair,  4,  1/4.  Thrift,  compact,  pink 
flowering,   12,  1/6.    Tritoma,  Red-hot  Poker,  3,  1/4. 

Verbascum,  tan  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Verbasoum,  dwarf,  lovely 
colours,  6,  1/6.  Valerian,  red,  6,  1/4.  Veronica,  beautiful 
blue,  6,  1/6.  Viola  cornuta,  gem  tor  rockery,  white,  mauve 
purple,  blue,  12,  1/6.  Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  yellow,  white, 
blue,  purple,  12,  1/6.  Viola  Maggie  Jlott,  large  mauve  rooted 
cuttings,  6,  1/4. 

Wallflowers,  red,  golden,  bronze,  purple,  ruby,  pink,  brown, 
100.3/-;  500,  10/-. 

HARDY     FLOWERING     SHRUBS. 

Large  bushes  (not  less  than  four  can  be  sent),  1/9  each. 

Dsutzia,  pink  or  white.  Spiraea,  pink  or  white.  Cotone- 
aster  horizontalls  anl  Slmonsli.  Forsythia,  early  yellow. 
Quelder  Ross,  Snowball.  Laburnum.  Lilac,  red  or  white. 
Laurestinua.  Maidenhair  Tree.  Ribes,  Red  or  Golden 
Flowering  Currant.  Veronica  Travers.  Phlomis,  Jerusalem 
Sags, 
STRONG    LARGE    HARDY   GLIM3ERS. 

Clematis  vit.aiba.  Traveller's  Joy,  1,  2,-.  Clematis  montana, 
large,  c-arlv,  white,  1,  2/6.  Jasmine,  yellow,  winter  and  spring, 
1.  2/6.  Kerria  japonica,  early  yellow,  1,  2/6.  Honeysuckle, 
Japani-se,  variegated,  1,  2/-.  Virginian  Creeper,  1,  2/-. 
Pyrus  japonica,  early  crimson,  1,  2/6. 

STRONG  VEGETABLE  AND  HERB  PLANTS. 

Spring  Cabbage,  winter  Onions,  Lettuce,  Leeks,  Pickling 
Cabbage,  100,  1/9.  Chives,  perennial  Onions,  20,  1/4. 
Asparagus,  Kelway's  giant,  etc.,  strong  two  year  roots,  50,  4/- ; 
100  7/-.  Rhubarb,  best  named  red  v.arietles,  6,1/4.  Sea  Kale 
12,  1/9.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint.  Marjoram,  6, 1/4.  Parsley,  best 
curled,  12,  1/4.  Cauliflower  strong  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted In  frames  for  earlv  use,  20    1/4^ 

SPLENDID  STRONG  TRANSPLANTED  PLANTS  FOR 
COOL  HOUSE. 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia  Fig 
Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailing,  3,  1/6.  Asparagus 
Fern  Phimosus  erect,  2,  1/9.  Begonias,  Salmon  Queen,  Rose 
Queen,  Crimson  mignifaca  and  scarlet  Prima  Donna,  4,  1/4. 
Beauty  Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Calceolarias,  herba- 
ceous, very  good,  6,  1/6.  Cannas  Crozy's  splendid  liybrids, 
4,  1/6.  Celsia  critlca,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Cineraria, 
large  exhibition,  8,  1/4.  Cyclamen,  very  choice  strain,  3,  1/6. 
Eucalyptus,  blue  gum,  6,  1/4.  Fuchsia,  choice  doubles 
assorted,  4, 1/6.  Qeraniums,  scented  Oak  leaf,  3,  1/6.  Helio- 
trope, large  fragrant,  4, 1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalls  Queen  Victoria, 
scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalls, 
beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Marguerites,  large  white,  6,  1/6. 
Marguerites,  Large  yellow,  6,  1/6.  Marguerites,  lovely  blue, 
6,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  red  or  wlilte,  6,  1/4.  Primula 
ohconica,  lovely  n^'W  giant  liybrids, 3.  ]  /4.  Primula  malacoldes, 
lovelv  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Primula  cortusoldes,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  japonica,  rich  crimson,  4,  1/4.  Primula  Kewensls, 
bright  yellow,  4.  1/4.  Primula  Bulleyaoi,  orange  red,  4.  1/4. 
Primula  pulvenilenta,  crimson  shades,  4,  1/4.  Rehmannia, 
large  pink  trumpet,  3,  1/6.  Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet, 
4,  1/6.  Salvia  cocclnea,  brl.liant  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Mother  of 
Thousands,  hanging,  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus  Wlsitonlcnsls,  6, 
1/4.  Smilax,  trailing,  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  large  new 
hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Primula  rosea  grandiflora,  lovely,  1,  1/-. 
Streptooarpus,  lovely  Cape  Primrose,  many  rich  colours, 
large  tubular  blossoms,  evergreen  perennial,  almost  perpetual 
flowering,  a   gem  for  pots,  3,   1/6. 

Tomato  plants,  strong,  sturdy,  transplanted,  market 
favourites.  Sunrise,  etc.,  6,  1/6. 


CATALOGUE       FRE:E. 


MRS.   PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN. 

We  Guarantee  all  Seed  sold  as  Scotch  to  be  Direct  from 
Scotland  this  Season,  The  Scottish  Board  of  Agriculture 
Certificate  Number  will  be  givenwith  alt  Scotch  Seed  Orders. 

IMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 

1121b.     561b.       281b.       141b.  71b. 

Oargill  Early 32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Witch  Hill         40/         21/       11/  6/  3/6 

Arran  Rose      25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Ediell  Blue       25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Qreat  Scot        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Ally 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

King  Qeorge 20/         11/         6/  3/6  2/6 

Arran  Comrade        .      .  .     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

The  Bishop      32/        17/        9/  5/  3/ 

Majestic 24/        13/        7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Victory         . .      .  .     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Kerr's     Pink 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Lochar        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Templar 24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Qolden  Wonder       ...     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Langworthy      24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Abundance        24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Tinwald  Perfection        .  .     24/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

"  K.  of  K."  (English)    ..     50/         26/       14/  8/  5/ 

NON-IMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 

Myatfs  Ashleaf      ....     40/        21/11/  6/  3/6 

May  Queen       40/         21/       11/  6/  3/6 

Duke  of  York  . .        .34/        18/        9/6        5/3  3/ 

Midlothian  Early   .  .        .34/         18/         9/6         5/3  3/ 

Ninotyfold         32/         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Puritan       32;         17/         9/  5/  3/ 

Sharpe's  Express  . .        .25/         13/6      7/6         4/3  2/6 

Sir  John  Llewellyn       . .     25/         13/6      7/6         4/3  2/6 

Early  Eclipse 25/         13/6      7/6         4/3  2/6 

Epicures 22/         12/         7/  4/  2/6 

Sharpe's  Victor  .        .     21/         11/6      6/B         3/6  2/3 

Early  Rose        21/         11/6       6/6         3/6  2/3 

Ringleader         21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Pink  Hebron 21/         11/6      6/6         3/6  2/3 

Eating  Potatoes  10/  —  —  —  — 

British  Queen 25/         13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Up-to-Date        25/  13/         7/  4/  2/6 

Arran  Chief      22/         11/6       6/6         4/  2/6 

Dalhousie 22/         11/6      6/6         4/  2/6 

Iron  Duke         22/         11/6       6/6         4/  2/6 

THE   EARLY    NON-IMMUNE   COLLECTION. 

3ilb.    each    Myatt's    Ashleaf,    Sharpe's    Express, 

Midlothian    Early,  Early  Rose. 

The  CJollectlon,  10/-.     Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE   EARLY    IMMUNE  COLLECTION. 

3Alb.  each  Dargill  Early,  Arran  Rose,  Witch  Hill 

Edzell  Blue. 

The  CoUection,  10/-.     Double  Quantity,  19/-. 

THE    SECOND     EARLY    AND    MAINCROP     IMMUNE 

COLLECTION. 

3ilb.  each  "  K.  of  K.,"  Arran  Comrade,  Majestic, 

The  Bishop. 

The  C!ollection,  11/-.     Double  Quantity,  21/-. 

No  variety  can  be  substituted.    All  collections  are  packed 

In  separate  bags,  correctly  named,  and  delivered  to  your  door 

In  one  parcel,  carriage  paid,  by  passenger  train.    All  Seeds  in 

the    above    collection    are    Scotch,    except    Early    Rose  and 

••  K.  of  K." 


HORTICULTURAL  MANURES 


1121b.      561b. 


231b. 


141b.       71b. 


6/6  3/6  2/  1/3 

7/  4/  2/6  1/6 

20/  10/  5/6  3/ 

16/  8/  4/6  2/6 

12/  6/  3/6  2/ 


Basic  Slag,  30  %    . .      ..  12/ 

Superphosphate,  30%..  13/ 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia  40/ 

Potash   (KainitI       ..      ..  32/ 

All  Round  Manure        . .  24/ 
(Our  Own  Mixing.) 

CARRIAQE    PAID    PASSENQER   RATES. 

Seeds  and  Manures  can  be  sent  carriage  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included.  It  Is  much  cheaper  to  send  any  weight 
up  to  281b.  by  passenger  than  goods. 

71b.  14Ib.  28Ib.  561b.  1121b. 
Up  to  30  mUes  ....  1  /  1/4  1/9  2/4  3/3 
Up  to  50  mUes  ..  ..  1/  1/6  1/11  2/6  4/3 
Up  to  100  miles  ....  1  /  1/7  2/1  3/6  6/3 
Up  to  200  mUes  ....  1  /  1/9  2/4  4/6  8/4 
Over  200  mUes  ..  ..  1/  1/11  2/11  5/10  10/4 
Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  dellverv 
Send  for  our  Illustrated  List,  a  complete  guide  to  Potato 
Growing.    It  will  interest  you. 


Contractor    to    His    Majesty's    Government. 


Xll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March    kj,    1921. 


SPECIAL     BARGAINS ! 


CLOGS 

AT  CUT 
PRICES. 


We  give  details  hereof  a  special  line  of  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  t  ■  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  sur'  lus  stock,  made  un  tor  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day— there's  no  time 
to  put  off. 

C524.     Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,   strong   wood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  uppers,  shape  as 
illustrated. 
Child'ssizes,  7,  8,  9.and  10,  5,'6  for  3/11, 

post  paid     ...        3jl  1 

Boys'  and  Girls'  sizes,  II,  12,  13,  and  1, 

6/6  for  4/11,  post  paid     4/11 

Youth's  and  Women's  sizes,  2,  3.  4.  and 

S.  7,11  for  5,11,  post  paid  5/11 

Women's  and  Men's  sizes,  6.  7.  8,  9,  10, 

and  11,8/11  lor  6;]1.  post  paid  ...  6/1  1 

Irons  round  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  1.  9d. 

extra      All  larmier  sizes.  1/3  extra. 

All  our  usual  shapes  in  stock.    2  Buck  e,  hest  quality, 

8/1 1,  now  8/-  post  paid.     Al.  sizes  for  men  and  women 

same  price.      Wellin«tons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 

an  1  Watertights  all  reduced  10  percent. 

Send  for   our  Catalogue  of   Foot- 

U'L'iJf  itou\      All  reduced  m  price. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to ' 
vegetation ! 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

„     .  .  ^     .    ..        „„„-  Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

Registered  Trade  Hark  62Sd.       -^^  ^^-^  Fumigator! 

Prices.— No.  1»  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1,000 
cubic  ft.  10d.  each  ;  No.  2.  fnr  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 
1,500  cubic  ft,,  1/3  each  ;  No.  3.  tor  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses    from    2.000   to   2,500   cubic   ft.,    1/9  each. 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


SOH 


'S 


tJ\^^ 


o^^^ 


for 


On    the    market 

over     40    years. 

they  '-till  hold  first  place  in 

the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 

all     over     the     world      for     QUALITY 

and  RESULTS. 

The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 

experience     in     gardening,      thty      stand     unrivalled     at     the 

present     day    for     every    description    of    Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 

and  Foliage  Plants.  Vegetables.  Lawns,  etc..  etc. 

Vine,     Plant    and    VegeUble    Manure,     1  cwt.,  36/- ;      561b.,    19/-:      2Slb..  106; 

Ulh..  B;-;  71b.,  3/6  ;  Tins,    1/6. 
Special  Top-Dressing  Manure,  ,SBIb.,  19/-:  281b.,  10/6:  Hlb.,  6/-:  71b..  3/6. 
B^    WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLET-POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     "WS 
SOLD         BY         NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers  :      WM.     THOMSON      &     SONS.     LTD.,     CLOVI:NFORDS.     SCOTLAND. 


■  INTENSIVE    CULTURE    IN    EVERY    GARDEN. 


THE   CLOCHE   CLIP 


PATENTED 
IN  THE  U.K. 
&     ABROAD. 

THE    CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 

FOR  making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants, 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.  Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used.  The  Clip  will  make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can 
be  handled  without  falling  apart. 

Price  7  -  doz.     Postage  9d  1  dot.     1/-2doz.      3  doz.  Carriage  Paid,      Cash  with  order. 
Particulars  will  be  sent  on  application-THE   CLOCHE   CLIP    CO  ,    fiuiidford    Surrey 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

jf   tf  w 

THE    BEST   AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for   Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Clirysanthemums. 


Fancy 


Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting 


All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

i-eceived. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SO^.    LTD., 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


(( 


TENAX 


99     The  New  and  Most   Successful 

GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It   is   rapidly  tailing  the   place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d,,  1 /6,  3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

U.SE      CORRY'S     CELEBRATED      CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER   DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint.       Quart.     i-Gall.      1  Cill.         3  Gall.        5  Gall.    10  Gall. 
each       2/3         3/9         6/-         11 1-  25,6         40/-         76/- 

SOLD    BY    THE    TRADE    OENEPALLY. 

Manufactured   by  CORRY    &    CO.,   Ltd.,   London. 


BAYUS5,  J071E5 

ANDBAYLISS.LTD. 


/WOLVERHAMPTON   ^ 

LONDON  OFFICES   CANNON  ST  E.C. 


Stimulaustlie  soil,  assists  the  functions  of  soil  bacteria 
and  corrects  acidity.  Ask  your  S't-dsman,  or  write  to 
STONEHOUSE    Bort.    Depl.,     WEST    BKOMWICB 

HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid. — '*  COUNTEY  LIFE,"  Offices,  2U,  Tavistock 
Street,  Co'vent  Garden,  W.C.e. 


THE 


(( 


BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smootli   "  draw 
out "  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

Tlie  only  pruner  that  does   not  pinch 
or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK     7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 

Postage  7d. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


REEDEN'S    SCHOOL   OF    GARDENING 
NEWICK,     SUSSEX. 

A  thoroughly  practical  training  for  ladies  taking 
up  Horticulture  as  a  profession  or  supervise  own 
gardens;  fruit,  flower-;,  vegetables,  herbs.  Chiirming 
House  and  Grounds.    Apply  Principal. 


lets  there  f' 

I  and  makes  the  Garden  y^^l^^„^ 
gay  all  the  year  round  "~7^.^XF' 


Sold  everywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  in  PAi-KKTS  lOd.  &  I'fl,  and 
ID  BHANDED&  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs..  4/-;  14  lbs.  7/-;  28  lbs.   12'.;  56  lbs.,  22/-:  112  lbs..  40/-; 
dircctfromthe  Worki.  Carrlatfe  Paid  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  Cash  with  Order  (except  PACKETS) 


CLAY    &    SON.    Manure  Mf.rs  &  Bone  Crushers,  STRATFORD.  LONDON.E. 


Published  by  "  Country- Life."  Limited,  at  '2.0,  Tavistock  Street.  Strand.  W.C'Z.  and  by  George  Newnfs,  Limited.  8-11,  Southampton  Street,  Strand  W.C.'i, 

and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press.  65E&  57.   Drurv  Lane.  London,  \V.C.2 


1   H  li 


GARDEN 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


\V^OODLAND 


I'^ol.  LXXXV.— No.  2575. 

Satered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,    March   26,   1921 


REGISTERED  AT  THE  GENERAL 

POST  OFFICE  AS  A  NEWSPAPF-R 

AND  FOR  CANADIAN  nAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4;    Foreign,    17/4 


HERBACEOUS  PHLOXES  SHOULD  BE  PLANTED  NOW. 

(See  special  article,  page  146.) 


CURRANTS  AND  GOOSEBERRIES 

All  intending  planting  the  above  should  malte  early  application  to  us.  We 
hold  excellent  stocks  of  all  the  leading  varieties,  andean  guarantee  satisfaction. 
Fruit  growers  should  not  miss  planting 

CURRANT     SOUTHWELL     RED 

It  flowers  very  late,  and  so  resists  late  frosts.  Long  bunches  of  bright  shining 
red  berries  are  formed,  the  individual  berries  being  very  large  and  uniform  in 
size.  VVhen  gathered  it  has  a  very  fine  appearance  and  commands  the  top 
price  in  the  market. 

Full  particular s<oni Application. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &    SONS,    LTD., 
Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

BEAUTIFUL  JAPANESE  LILIES 

FOR     MARCH     PLANTING. 

LILIUM    AURATUM,   the   White    GolJen-rayed  spotted    Lily   of  Japan,   bearing   large 
sweetly  scented  flowers,  per  dozen,  21s.;  each  2s. 

LILIUM    SPECIOSUM    ALBUM   KRAETZERI.   beautiful    large    flowers   with   dark 
orange  anthers,  per  dozen  30s.  ;  each  2s.  9d. 
Extra  strong  bulbs,  per  dozen,  40s.  ;    each  3s.  6d. 

LILIUM    SPECIOSUM     MAGNIFICUM.'  large    handsome    dark     crimson     flowers, 
spotted   puiple-crimson,   margined   white,   per  dozen,    30s,;    each   2s.   9d. 
E.xtra   strong  bulbs.  perCdozen.  40s. ;    each  3s.I6d. 

LILIUM   SPECIOSUM   MELPOMENE,  fine  handsome  flowers,   rich  crimson,  spotted 
purple-crimson  and  margined  white,  per  dozen,  30s.  ;    each  2s.  9d. 
Extra  strong  bulbs,  per  dozen.  40s. ;    each  3s.  6d. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  free  on  application. 

BADD         a.         ^  O  IM  Q  11,      12      &     13,      KINO      STREET, 

f-^  f"^  rK   I~K  %X  «^  V^  I  ^  ^  ,        COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.0.2 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for      the      good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO.,  "  h^eath"^ 

VERT'S  HOLLYHOCKS 

Chater's  Original  and  Unrivalled  Gold  Medal  Strain. 

Herbaceous  Borders  are  not  complete  without  this  stately  subject. 

We  offer,  for  April  planting,  strong  healthy  plants  to  pro- 
vide a  grand  panorama  of  gorgeous  colour  ranging  from  white 
to  almost  black  during  the  coming  Summer  and  Autumn. 

List  post  free  on  application. 

JAMES  VERT  &  SONS,  SAFFRON  WALDEN,  ESSEX. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  26,   1021 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 

Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative  Rose   Grower    of  England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain. 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
otall  Itinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logua.  Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS    AND     FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM   &   SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,   ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 
Rock workers 
Rock,  Alpine 
and 
Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.   RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

insecticides  and 
Fumlgants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
■Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable&  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Scotch    Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


All  Qarden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO..   Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manuf  actu  rers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.   BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


THE  SHEFFIELD  •  MALAY 

TOOL  COY. 
Norfolk   Lane.  SHEFFIELD 


Perfect  roads, 
drains,  paths, lawns 
terraces,  etc  ,  are 
obtained  by  using 
theS.M.  ROAD 
TRACER  &  LEVEL 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  1912. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No.:  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


J.   CHEAL   &   SONS, 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Ltd. 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St., London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List   No.   42 

Post  Free 


T.     YANO     &     CO,      Est.    1908.      Japanese 

Gardening,  laid  nnt  with  Japanese  trees  and  stone  ornaments.— 
Nursery  :    5G  *  l>6.  Paddcnswick  Road,  Hammersmith. 


is  the  seed  with  the  "growing" 
reputalion.  Since  1870  hundreds 
o(  Gardens  have  owed  iheir  beau- 
tiful flowerings  and  hardy  plants 
to  these  famous  seeds. 
Sow  the  seed  of  success  by  trying  a  few 
packets  noli'.  Sold  in  2d.  packets,  all 
varieties,  or  by  weight. 
IlluilralcdCalaloguesenI  Jrecon  request 
SPECIAL  NOTE.   SWEET  PEAS. 

We  are  offering  the  newest  and  | 

choices"-     strains     ol    all    superb  | 

varieties    recently   introduced   in  | 

2^.  packets  or  by  weight.  : 

Seeds 


4,  Holywell  Hill, 

ST.    ALBANS. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  ronipletc  with  various  arrangements  of  pipe^ 
to  suit  anv  size  or  shape  house  ;  separate  parts  supplied. 
Vanguard,  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  V\\>n 
Joints,  Fittings,  etc.  Ilhistrated  List  4,  free.— THOMAS  JEATONS, 
Silver  Street  \V(.rks.   Ikiorlev   Hill.  


ALPINE  AND  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS,  etc. 

New  list,  free  on  application.— T.  Smith,  Daisy  Hill  Nursery 
Newry.  ' 


TANNED  GARDEN  OR  TENNIS  NETTING. 


Very  best  ;    all  kinds, 
Lowestoft. 


-Spasuett  *  Co.,  Garden  Net  Makers, 


COWDEROY'S  INDESTRUCTIBLE  LABELS, 

—Always  smart  and  legible  after  exposure  any  weather;  can 
be  re-uscd  indefinitely.  Send  2s.  6d.  for  sample  packet  of  three 
dozen,  eair.  paid. — Co-ffBEEOY,  7,  Gloucester  Bo.ad,  Brighton. 

FOR    SALE.  —  Bound    Volumes    of    "  The 

Gaeden."  Half-bound  morocco,  in  flrst-class  condition.  Vols. 
1884  to  1888  ;  vols.  1891  ;  vols.  1893  to  1901.  What  offers.— 
G.  P.,  c/o  Editor,  The  Garden,  20,  Ta%-istock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  London,  W.C.  

SCOTCBTSEED  POTATOES.— Duke  of  York, 

Express,  Eclipse,  Midlothian  Early,  Llewellyn.  May  Queen, 
Kin.  tvfold,  Great  Scot,  Kerr's  Pink,  Loeliur,  T.niplar  Tinwald 
Perfection,  Dargil  Earlv,  Arran  Comrade,  King  lle.jrge  V.,  Edzell 
Blue,  King  Edward  VII  (regi-uerated),  British  yueen,  Arran 
Rose,  Rhoderick  Dhu,  K.  of  K.,  Bloomfleld,  etc.  Catalogue 
of  Vegetable  and  Flower  Seeds  free  on  application.— TlllIE, 
Whvte  a  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV  Bridge, 
Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 

GENTIANA    VERNA,    12   clumps,  6s.,  free; 

3  Bee  Orchis,  Ss. ;  3  Neotinia  intacta,  5s. ;  6  King  Ferns,  4s.— 
O'Kellt.  Botanist,  Ballyv.augh.an,  Ireland. 


I  KING'S  ACRE 

m  

m  Hardy  Herbaceous  &  Border 

I  PLANTS  and  VIOLAS  for  Spring 

^  Planting.     A  reliable  and  exten- 

W  sive    stock    of   young,  vigorous 
i  Plants. 

11  Illustrated     Catalogue    and    any     information 
[U5  required  free  on   request   to 

I  King's  Acre    Nurseries 


ROCKERY     PLANTS     SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free.- TERllY  Lee,  16,  .Morden  Eoad,  Steehford,  Birmingham. 


m 


HEREFORD. 


Ltd. 


^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 


March   26,    igzi 


GARDEN.'^ 


*«»=3- 


WEBB'S  EXHIBITION  VEGETABLES.— The 

Great  Prizewinners  :  Emperor  Cabbage,  Prizetaker  B.  Sprouts, 
Reliance  Globe  Beet,  Wonderful  Lettuce,  6d.  and  1/-  per  packet. 
Champion  Prize  Leek,  M;isterpiece  Onion,  Exhibition  R.  Bean, 
Mammoth  Cauliflower.  1/-  per  packet.  Marrowfat,  Parsnip, 
lOd.  per  oz.  Prizewinner  Carrot,  1/3  per  oz.  Stourbridge 
>Lirrow  Pea,  2/6  per  pint 


WEBB'S     EXHIBITION     SWEET     PEAS.— 

12    liiir-.t    named    varieties,    6-,     12    tinest    named    varieties 
siiviller  narketsl,  "■'-.     Illu^tnitrd   CataloKiie  Free. 
\VEl;l'.  .V  SIlX.  LTIi..  Tie    Khe.--  S..,Mnrn.  ST'OURBRIDGE. 


WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Rare  Shrubs,  Japanese  Cherries,  .Maples,  and  Chinese  subjects. 
—John  Watekek,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseries,  Bagshot, 


WATERERS'  VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER 

SEEDS.    Se.itell    grown    ~eed    Pi.tatnes 


WATERERS'  ALPINE  AND  HERBACEOUS 


PLANTS,    in  the   new  and  leading 

Phloxes,    Irises. 


of    De 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND   GLAZING 

— ••  VITROLITE  "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  23/-  per 
"all  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40/-  per 
ewt.  Kegs  extra.— Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  A 
SONS,  Uruvr  W.irk-.  I'.attersea.     Agents  throughout  the  Country 


RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Cliinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous, 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Beuthe,  Kcston, 
Kent 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE. 

The    only     r.lialile    ami    complete    substitute    for    Stable 

manure.     :S(  i-  advert,  on  p.  iv. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive   List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate, 
6d.  post  free. — The  BtJRBAGE  Nurseries,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established  1"~ 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B   "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD  "  1  No.  6  •'  Mona."  For  immedkate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  Wm.  Duncan  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15, 


GARDEN  TOOLS.— Send  a  Post  Card  to-day 

for  Ryders  new  36-page  Catalogue  of  all  Garden  Tools.  You 
will  find  there  unparalleled  offers  of  miiny  labour-saving  tools 
of  high  quality  at  exceptionally  low  prices.  See  also  our 
advertisements  of  Rock  Plants  on  this  page  and  of  Gladiolus 
andlBer-onias  on  page  vi.— Ryder  A  Son  (1920),Ltd.,  St.  Albans. 

MESSRS.  OLIVER  &  HUNTER'S  NEW  SEED 

CATALOGUE  for  1921  is  now  re.ady  anil  will  be  sent  postage 
free  to  all  those  interested  in  gardening.  —  Write  to-day  to 

THE    SEED   &    NrTRSRRY    ESTABLISHMENT,    Mouiaive,    N.B 


MANUSCRIPTS.  —  Mr.     Francis      Griffiths, 

Publisher,  34,  Maiden  Lane,  Strand,  London,  W.C.,  is  open  to 
consider  manuscripts  on  technical,  scientific,  medical,  botanical 
and  general  subjects  for  publication  in  book  or  pamphlet  form. 
Immediate  attention  will  be  given  and  terms  quoted  on  receipt 
of  MS.  


OFFERS    SOLICITED.  —  "  The     Garden," 

1882  to  1899,  36  vols.,  perfect  condition. — Maechaji  NURSERIES, 
Borough  Gr<  rn,  Kent 


MINIATURE     JAPANESE     GARDENS     of 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  Also  Japanese  miniature 
figures,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  partictllars  to  all  mentioning 
this  paper. — Ferrest  &  Warp,  84,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C.3. 


CHRYSANTHEMUM.  —  "  Cromer,"       grand 

yellow;  earliest  grown;  bloom.s  inside  June  to  December. 
Extraordiaarily  prolitie  and  beautiful.  3/-  per  doz.,  post  free.— 
Buxton,  Suifleld  Park  Loilge.  Cromt-r^ 


GARDEN   BARROWS,    direct  from   makers, 

32/6  each,  F.O.R.,  immediate  delivery.  Cash  with  order. — 
Robinson  Bros.,  Hardwick  Works,  Chatsworth  Road, 
Chesterfield.  


EARLY   FLOWERING   SAXIFRAGES,  great 

variety  now  in  bloom.  CoUectioas  of  one  dozen  (two  of  a  sort) 
for  8/6  and  11/6.  Special  "  Engleria  "  collection,  24/-.  Packing 
and  post  free. — R.  Tucker  &  Sons,  Nurserymen,  Oxford 


REDUCED     PRICE     OF     SCOTCH     SEED 

P0T.\r0ES.  Substantial  reductions  in  all  varieties.  Send 
for  catalogue,  or  stale  actual  wants  and  git  a  keen  ciuotation. — 
Thyne  a  Son.  Gardeii   D'partment.  Dumlre. 


LAXTON'S    STRAWBERRIES.— We   have   a 

quantity  of  strong  plants  in  pots  and  runners  of  all  the  leading 
sort*,  which  we  can  now  olfer  at  reduced  prices,  for  spring 
planting,  to  fruit  this  season. — Laxion  Brother.s,  Nurseries, 
Bedford. 


BARR'S  VEGETABLE  &  FLOWER  SEEDS, 


of  fine.st  sfh^rtcd  strains. and  tested  growth.  Dvacriptivo  cata- 
logue, inclndint,'  a  select  list  of  the  best  Scotch  and  English 
grown  s'fd  Pntatoes  free. 

BARR'S  HARDY  PERENNIALS,  ALPINES, 

ROCK  PLANTS,  AQU.\TICS,  CLLMBERS,  Ac,  for  Spring 
planting.     Catalogue  free. 


BARR'S   BEAUTIFUL  LILIES,  GLADIOLI, 

CAXXAS.  ^rOXTliKETIAS.  TIGRIUIAS,  BEGOXIAS. 
Tri'.EliUSES,  Arc,  for  Spring  planting.  Catalogue  free.— 
Bark  \  Suns.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London. 

THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  tho 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Itigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  Seed,  2/6  and  5/-. — 
J.  Douglas,  Great  Bookliam. 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,    Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  IJanvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire  ;  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephoni-  :    Kensington  90  A  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL       FOR       COUNTRY 

IlorsES. — Xo  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertilisei  ; 
nu  solids;  no  open  filters;  perfectly  automatic;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvtnor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING   for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  rai  ing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists,— BOULTON  &  Paul,  Lth., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich.  


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  COLE  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9;  quarts,  3/-; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-galIon,  7/- ;  5-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  McDorOALL 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'   FRUIT    TREES,  ROSES,  VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  tirst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

KING'S    ACRE     SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
for  our  New  niustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  arc  noted  for 
their  reliability. — Kino's  Acre  Nurseries,  Limited,  Hereford. 

LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  in  flowers  and  vegetables 
including  the   fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.      List  gratis  on 

application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  tor  Ijd.  postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


LAXTONS'  FRUIT  TREES,  SMALL  FRUITS 

AND  STRAWBERRIES.  New  catalogue,  containing 
novelties,  gratis.  Hints  on  planting  and  pruning,  2d. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 

PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardins.  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — Hudson  &  Son,  58,  Castlegate 
Nottingham. 

WELLS '     CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratives  for  flowering  In  the  greenhouse, 
November  and  December,  5/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  In  May,  to  bloom  from 
.\ugust  til  October,  6/-  per  dozen,  or  100  in  25  varieties  for  30/-. 
Catalogues  post  tree  on  application. — W.  Welis  &  Co., 
Merstham,  Surrey. 


FLOWER  POTS.— 10  8in.,   15  6in.,  15   sin., 

15  4ins.,  15  3ins.,  complete,  packed  free,  15s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — Thos.  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brierley 
Hill. 


1,000,0000  PLANTS  FOR   SALE.— To   have 

beautiful  borders  of  blue  In  early  spring  plant  now  Sutton's 
Royal  Blue  Myosotis,  large  clumps,  50  for  6/9.  Marguerites,  1/6  ; 
Violas,  21- ;  Chrjsanthemum  Max,  IDs.;  Antirrhinums,  1/9; 
Pentstemons,  2/;  Geum,  2/,  etc.,  etc.,  all  per  dozen. — Webb, 
New  End,  Astwood,  Reddltch. 


SUTTONS   GRASS   SEEDS 

FOR     LAWNS     AND     SPORTS     GROUNDS. 
The  best  mixtures  for  producing  a  good,  hard-wearing  green 
turf   the    whole    year    through.      Practical    ad^^ce   given    by 
correspondence.     Send  for  a  copy  of  our  pamphlet,  "  Lawns," 
price  2/6. 
SUTTCN  A-  SONS.  THE  KING'S  SEEDSMEN.  READING. 


KPLWAY   BORDERS   SHORTEN   THE 

WINTER. — NOW  is  the  time  to  go  over  your  hardy  plants, 
replenishing  and  renewing  your  herbaceous  borders.  Get  a  list 
from  KELW.W'S  and  let  them  fill  your  gaps  with  fresh  beauty, 
which  will  last  some  years.  Is  your  border  beautiful  with  colour 
for  6  or  7  months  continuously  ?  It  should  be  a  source  of  ever- 
varying  interest  and  pleasure.  If  you  are  not  content,  see  to 
it  now.  Write  to  KELWAY'S  at  once  and  let  them  suggest  a 
colour  scheme  so  that  the  neighbouring  plants  do  not  clash. 
Tlir  rarliir  you  ohIit  the  j.'n-atiT  V(.ni  lijoirr. — KelwaY  &  SON 
Tlir  Hiival  llurtirulturi^t-.  Laiig|iorl.  Someryet. 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  PLANT  KELWAY'S 

LOVELY  GLADIOLI  fur  spring  planting.  Our  reputation  as 
growers  of  these  beautiful  autunin-floA\ering  bulbs  extends  over 
a  period  of  sixty  years,  and  as  our  bulbs  are  of  our  own  growing 
at  Langport,  customers  are  assured  of  fine  hardy  specimens.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  remind  prospective  buyers  of  the  gJorious  com- 
binations of  colour  which  are  now  obtainable,  more  especially  in 
our  Langprim  strain,  but  we  should  advise  writing  at  once  for 
our  price  list  to  the  Retail  Plant  Department,  Kelway  &  Son, 
Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1931  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     .Mention  this  paper. 


BATH'S  SELECT  SEEDS   AND  PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  It.  H.  Bath, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S       GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens."  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS   AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  fne. 

WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.— R.  Wallace  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  The   Old 
Gardens,  Tunbridgt-  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)     free.— 
.MoORTON.  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


CRANSTON'S  FAMOUS  ONIONS  :  ready  for 

inmiediate  planting.  Strong  autumn-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Eousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants, 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Offenham,  \VheeIer's  Imperial,  Red 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt 
deliverj'.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application. — £li9Q's 
Acre  Nurseries,  Ltd.,   Hereford  (late  Cranston's). 


RUSTIC    STONE     CRAZY     PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stcne 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  etc.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  invited,  Sundails,  garden 
ornaments,  ete. — GiLLiAM  (Garden  Dept.),  Wellesley  Court 
Road,  Crovdcn. 

ALPINES    FOR     PRESENT     PLANTING.— 

Anemone  Pulsatilla,  Aster  sub-cfierukus,  Corydalis  chellanthi* 
folia,  Erythrsea  Massoni,  Hypericum  coris,  Mazus  rugosus. 
Phlox  reptans,  Primula  bulleyana,  P.  Julise,  Sax.  aizoon  pectinata 
S.  Bathoniensis,  S.  Elizabeth®.  Any  6,  4s.  9d. ;  12,  Ss.  9d. 
Carriage  paid.  Catalogue  free. — BOWELL  and  Skarbatt, 
Nurseries,  Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S   ««FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "Sheets"  for  greenhous.-  fumigation;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seed->men,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
McDOtJQALL  BROS.,  LTD.,  Port  Street,  fllanchester. 


FERTILISERS.— Lawns    (25/-),  Fruit  Trees, 

Vines  (23,6),  General  Garden  Use  (21,-),  and  all  other  fertilisers. 
— Ht.  Richardson  &  Co..  Skeldergate  Bridge  Works,  York. 


FIDLER'S   NEW  ILLUSTRATED   GARDEN 

SEED  GUIDE  AND  CATALOGUE  FOR  1921  IS  NOW 
EEADY,  and  a  copy  will  be  sent  post  free  to  any  addre^ss  on 
receipt  of  post  card. — Write  at  once  to  FmLEE  &  SONS,  Royal 
Berkshire  Seed  Stores,  ReadinR. 


IRON      FENCING,      GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings.  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Kjiillng,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  prescrration  ol  Ironwork, 
ete.     Catalogue  free. — B.VLh  &  Smith,  Ltb.,  Brierley  Hill. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March   -jG,    192  i. 


THOUSANDS       OF       USERS       YEARLY 

testify    to    the    excellence    of    Wakeley's    Hop    Manure    for    all    purposes. 

AWARDED  DIPLOMA  AND  MEDAL  AT  THE 

ROYAL  INTERNATIONAL  HORTICULTURAL 

EXHIBITION,  1912. 


HOP  MANURE 


Beware  of  imitations. 
Genuine  only  in  our  marked  bags 

Containing  Guaranteed  Analysis. 


AND 


(    PATENTED 


V"  The  Most  Perfect  J^ 
to.     Fertilizer     ^ 


Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society 

"Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been 
used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at  Wisley, 
and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has 
proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders, 
fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both  under  glass 
and  out  in  the  open  air." 

(Signed)     W.  WILKS,?Secr<;far}i. 


^  COMPLETE  X. 
SUBSTITUTE 


Prices  (including  bags)  :  1  bushel,  2/3  ; 
4  bushels,  6/-  ;  5-4  bushels,  28/9  ; 
10-4  bushels,  55/-  ;  20-4  bushels,  1  OO/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

A  beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full 
particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt 
of  postcard. 


WAKELEY  BROS.  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  75a,  Bankside,  London 


CHOICE   BORDER   VARIETIES. 


PLANT     NOW. 


CAB!^ 


t\QN^ 


Special  Offer  of 

Plants,  2  of  a  sort 

for   12/6  carriage  paid,     c  w.o. 

STUART  LOW  &  CO.,   Bush  Hill  Park,  Middlesex. 


LA  RCH       POLES 

For  Pergolas.   Rustic  Roseries.  etc. 
2  inch,  ia/9:    21  inch.  14/6;    3  Inch.  17/6;    4  inch.  25/- 

All  per  100  feet.        AH  len^th^  in  st<  ck. 
Fine  Poles.  10  feet    A\  hiitt.  3  6  each:    5  butt.   4/6   each. 

ARTI8TIO    RUSTIC    ARCHES,   SCREENS,    etc. 

Lists  Fcfc.         Prompt  despaich. 

A.   E.  CASELEY  &   SONS, 

Merridale    Rustic    Works,   WOLVERHAMPTON. 


NEPETA    MUSSINI,    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII.    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and   ROCK    PLANTS    for   any  given   aspect. 

10/6  ;  all  carriage  paid.    Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAUDEVIN, 

WILLASTON,    BIRKENHEAD. 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The  finest  stock  in  the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


FIR    POLES. 

Stout  Fir  Poles,  about  9  feet,  suitable  for  Climbing 

Roses,  at  18/-  per  dozen. 

Extra  stout,  suitable  for  Pergolas,  at  30/-  per  dozen. 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


Not  a  Penny  for  Paint" 

No  mess;  tarrins  either.  Tima 
and  weatherproof.  Looks  well 
—  lasts  long.  Ready  to  lay 
without  delay.  Sold  by  Hard- 
ware Merchants  everywhere. 

Samples     The  Ruberold  Co..  Ltri. 
Free.  iDpt.SJ.  81.KnightHde'-St..K.C. 


KINNELL'S    HOSE 


BE  SATISFIED 
ONLY  WITH 
THE    BEST. 

Hose  List  No.  6 
Post  Free. 


CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  Co.,  Ltd. 


SECURE  YOUR 
SUPPLIES 
NOW. 

Sample  Hose 
seat  on  request. 


SOUTH  WARK  ST. 
LONOON,     S.E.I. 


SWEET  PEAS 


Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM, 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  the  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  possess  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named        5/6 

18         ..  ..  a/- 

24  10/6 

30  ..                   ..  12/6 

40  ..  17/6 

50  ..                  ..  ■          ..                22/6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH    WITH   ORDER. 

All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  magnificent  for  all  purposes, containing 
a  wonderful  range  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours ;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of   all  the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFORD.fr Hs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
<Dept.  61),   WEM,  Shropshire. 

Also   the  finest  Flower  Seeds,   Vegetable 
Seeds,    Potatoes,   etc. 


March  26,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


32nd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Post    Free,    op    carriage    paid    passenger    train.        Packing    free,    no    delay.       24/-    worth    for   20/-.      Lots    can    be 
divided.       Please   add   4d.   extra  for  orders   under  3/-,   to    help    meet   high    rate   of    postage.        Cash    with    order. 
Plant    now    for    success.      Splendid    strong,    hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year. 


HARDY     PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Achillea,  The  Pi'arl,  .loubii'  white,  6,  1/4.  Achillea,  Perry's 
White,  4,  1/a.  Achillea,  New  Cerise  Queen,  4,  1/6.  Agros- 
tomma,  Flos  joirs,  Crimson,  6,  1/4.  Alyssum  compactum, 
Gold  Dust,  12,  1/6.  Alyssum  moatanutn,  summer  flowering;, 
4,  1/4.  Alpine  Wallflowers,  dw:Lrf,  20,  1/6.  Alpine  Pinks, 
various  colours,  12,  1/6.  Alstromeria,  Peruvian,  Flame  Lily, 
4,  1/4.  Anchusa  Italica,  amethyst  blue,  6,  1/4.  Anchusa 
Dropraore,  intense  blue,  4,  1/4.  Anchusa  myosoti-^iftora,  dwarf 
rockery,  etc.,  masses  deep  gentian  blue,  3,  1/6.  Aconitum 
Fische'ri,  richblue,enormousbiooms,3,l/6.  Anemone  japonica, 
white  or  pink,  4,  1/6.  Aquilegia,  long  spurred,  new  art  shades 
and  pure  yellow,  6,  1/4.  Aquilegia,  double  and  single  mixed, 
12,  1/6.  Arabis,  double  white,  6,  1/4.  Aubrietia,  masses  rich 
purple,  12,  1/6.  Auricula,  alpine  and  show,  6,  1/6.  Aster, 
perennial,  best  named,  3,  1/6.  Aster,  perennial,  good  mixed, 
6,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  strong;,  bushy,  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted, new  Lirge  flowering,  lovely  colours,  separate  or  mixed, 
6,   1/4. 

Brompton  Stocks,  all  colours,  6,  1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  rooted  cuttings,  best  named,  for 
house  or  garden,  summer,  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  any  colour 
or  mixed,  6,  1/4.  Campanulas,  dwarf  carpatica,  masses  of 
bloom,blueor  white,4,l/4.  Campanula  persicifolia  andgrandi^, 
tall.  4, 1/4.  Campanula  Wahlenbergia,  large  Clematis-flowered, 
4.  1/4.  Campanula  macrantha,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Cam- 
panula pyramidalis,  handsome  chimney  bell  flower,  two  year  old 
pl;int>,blueor  white,  3,  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  lovely  hybrids, 
li;,  1  /6.  Canterbury  Bells,  double  pink,  white  and  blue,  6, 1/4. 
Canterbury  Balls,  cup  and  saucer,  6,  1/4.     Canterbury  Bells, 

li'Vrh' large  pink  or  white  singles,  12, 1/6.    Candytuft,  perennial,     , -     .  ,'-— i.  •«  ■    - 

4.1/4.     Carnation  GrenadiQ,  scarlet  or  white  or  mixed,  good,    trum,    hardy    Maiden    Eair,    4,    1/4.     Thrift,    compact,    pmk 
4.1/6.     Carnation  Margaret,  fine  doubles,  6,  1/4.     Carnation,    flowering,   12,  1/6.     Tritoma,   Red-hot  Poker,   3.   1/4. 


3,  1/6.  Peas,  Everlasting,  red,  pink,  white,  4,  1/4.  Physalis, 
giant  Cape  Gooseberry,  6,  1/4.  Pinks,  favourite  double  white, 
6,  1/4.  Pinks,  Mrs.  Simkins,  3, 1/4.  Pinks,  coloured,  fragrant, 
12,  1/6.  Pinks,  Japanese,  large  fringed,  12, 1/6.  Polemonium, 
blue,  6,  1/4.  Phlox,  large  flowering,  best  named,  pink,  salmon, 
scarlet,  white,  crimson,  purple,  white  and  cerise,  3,  1/6  ;    mixed, 

4,  1/4.  Polyanthus,  Kelway's  border,  6.  1/4,  Polyanthus, 
Primrose,  rich  colours,  6,  1/6.  Polyanthus,  double  white, 
4.  1/6.  Poppy,  Shirley,  art  shades,  6,  1/4,  Potentilla,  double 
crimson,  6,  1/6.  Primula  denticulata  superba,  large  clumps, 
1,  1/-.  Primulas,  lovely  hardy  varieties  for  rockery  and  damp, 
shady  places,  many  beautiful  colours,  assorted,  4,  1/4.  Pent- 
stemon,  scarlet  and  large  flowering  varieties,  6,  l/6.  Psonies 
large  pink,  crimson,  wtiitr,  yellow,  2, 1/4.  Pyrethrum,  Kelway's 
hybrids,  6,  1/6.  Polyant.hus,  primrose,  large  wliite  and  ye  low, 
6."  1/4.  Pyrethrum,  James  Kelway,  very  large,  single  scarlet, 
3,  1/6. 

Ribbon  Qrass,  variegated,  6,  1/4.  Rose  of  Sharon,  4,  1/4, 
Rose  Campion,  crimson,  12,  1/6.  Rocket,  sweet,  6,  1/4. 
Rudbeckia  Newmanii,  6,  1/6. 

Salvia  pratends.spiki-s  purple,  4,  1/6.  Saponaria  ocymuiJes 
pink  dwarf,  6,1/4.  Saxifraga  choice  a-sorted.  G,  1/6.  Sedums, 
choice  assorted,  6, 1/4.  Scabious,  ^w-'-t,  doul)!*-,  8, 1/4.  Scabious 
Caucasica,  large  mauve,  3,  1/6.  Shasta  Daisy,  wliite,  6,  1/4. 
Silene  compacta,  dwarf  pink,  15. 1/6.  Solidago,  Golden  Wings, 
6,  1/6.  Spirea  pilmaki.  scarlet,  3,  1/6.  Stachys,  Lamb*s- 
wool,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  Williams'  Kelway's  Pink  Beauty  and 
Scarlet  Beauty,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  William  Diad-m,  auricular 
eyed  and  good  mixed,  12,  1/6.     Star  of  Bethlehem,  6.  1/4. 

Trolliua  early  golden  globe  flower,  6,  1/6.  Thistle  Queen 
of  Scots,  from  the  original  at  Fotheringay  Castle,  3, 1/4.     Thalic- 


good  double  border,  all  colours,  separate,  6,  1/6.  Centaurea 
montana,  large  perennial  Cornflower,  blue  or  white,  6,  1/4. 
Cerastium,  snow  in  summer,  12,  1/6.    Cheddar  Pinks,  true 


Verbascum,  tail  yellow,  t,  1/4.  Verbascum,  dwarf,  lovely 
colours,  6,  1/6.  Valerian,  red,  6,  1/4.  Veronica,  beautiful 
blue,  6,  1/6.     Viola  cornuta,  gem  for  rockery,  white,  mauve. 


6,  1/4.     Christmas  Roses,  large  roots,  2,  1/4.     Chrysanthe-    purple,   blue,   12,   1/6.     Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  yellow,  white 


mum  maximum,  Mrs.  L.  Bell,  market  favourite,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Chinese  Pinks,  lovely  colours,  12,  1/6.  Cistus,  rock  rose, 
6,  1/4.  Coreopsis  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Cornflowers,  Kelway*-> 
double  blue,  12,  1/4.  Cowslips,  red  hybrids,  6,  1/4.  Crucia- 
nella,  pink  rockery,  etc.,  8,  1/4. 

Dactylis,  silver  ribbon  grass,  6, 1/4.  Daisies,  new  Monstrosa, 
enirmous  double  red  or  white,  12, 1/4.  Delphinium  formosum 
and  finest  hybrids,  Z,  1/6.  -Delphinium,  Lize  Van  Veen, 
euormous  pure  blue,  large  plants,  1/- each.    Dianthusdeltoides, 

creepimz,  crimson,  6.  1/4.      Dianthus    Kelway's  lovely  named    l^rS'>/'arb'_>^:dte,^ 
varieties,  separate  colours  or  mixed,  12,  1/6.    Dielytraspectabilis,    "     "'      "       '*  " 
bleeding  heart,  2,  1/9. 

Eccremocarpus,  orange  flowered  climber,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron 
(stenactes).  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron,  new  Quakeress,  flU'', 
3,  1/6.  Erigeron,  new  large  salmon,  2,  1/6.  Eupatorium, 
white,  6,  1/4.  Evening  Primrose,  dwarf,  4,  1/4. 
^Forget-me-nots,  best  large  flowering  dwarf,  dark  or  light 
blue,  15,  1/4.  Foxgloves,  purple,  white,  spotted,  etc.,  12,  1/4. 
French  Marguerites,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.  Fuchsia,  hardy 
crimson  bush,  4,  1/6, 

Qaillardra  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.    Qeum  Mrs.  Bradshaw  (two  _   _      _     _ 

year    old),    2,    1/4.       Qeum    Glory,    double    scarlet,    4,    1/4.    pUnVed  Enframes  for  early'use,"2o'  l74 
Gladiolus,  best  named,  large  bulbs,  scarlet,  white,  pmk,  name,    ^ 
yellow,  salmon,  maroon,  violet,  blue  and  splendid  new  hybrids, 
6.     1/4.      Qypsophila     glabrata,     dwarf     rockerj',     6,      1/4. 
Qypsophila  panlculata   (gauze   flower),   6,  1/6.     Qypsophila 
Rokejeka,  pink,  4,  1/4. 

Helentum  Bigelowi,  Hooperii,  autumnal,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Helenium  Hiverton  Gem  and  Beauty,  4,  1/6.  Helianthus, 
perennial  Sunflower,  double  or  single,  12,  1/6.     Hemerocallis 


blue,  purple,  12,  1/6.     Viola  Maggie  Mott,  large  mauve  rooted 
cuttings,  6,  1/4. 

Wallflowers,  red,  golden,  bronze,  purple,  ruby,  pink,  brown 
100.  3/- ;  500,  10/- 

STRONG    LARGE    HARDY    CLIMBERS. 

Clematis  vitalba.  Traveller's  Joy,  1,  2,-.     Clematis  montana, 

/6.     Jasmine,  yellow,  winter  and  spriiiL', 

1,  2/6.     kerria  japonica,  eariy  yellow,  1,  2/6.     Honeysuckle, 

Japanese,    variegaied,    1.    2/-.     Virginian    Creeper,    1,    2/-. 

Pyrus  japoDici,  early  crimson,  1,  2/6. 

STRONG  VEGETABLE  AND  HERB  PLANTS. 

Spring  Cabbage,  winter  Onions,  Lettuce,  LeeKs,  Pickling 
Cabbag'e,  100.  1/9  ;  300,  4/6.  Chives,  pt-rennial  Onions,  20,  1/4. 
Asparagus,  Kelway's  giant,  etc.,  .strong  two  year  ruot.=,  50,  4/-  ; 
100  7/-.  Rhubarb,  best  named  red  varieties,  6,1/4.  Sea  Kale 
12,  1/9.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint.  Marjoram,  6,  1/4.  Parsley,  best 
curled    12,  1/4.     Cauliflower    strong  autumn  sown  and  trans- 


SPLENDID  STRONG  TRANSPLANTED  PLANTS  FOR 
COOL  HOUSE,  etc. 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia  FI2 
Palm,  3,  1/4-  Asparagus  Fern,  3,  1/6.  Begonias,  Salmon 
Queen,  Rose  Queen,  Crimson  magnifacaand  scarlet  Prima  Donna, 


iarge  flowerin?,  yellow  .ind  oran<;e  red  Lily,  4,  1/4.  Heuchera  4,  1/4.  Beauty  Stocks,  lovely  doubles  6,  1/4.  Ca  ceolarias, 
san!;uinea.  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Hollyhock,  lieiway's  doubles,  4,  1/6.  lu^rbaceous,  very  pood,  6,  1/6.  Cannas  Crozy  ssplendld  hybnds. 
Hollyhock,  single,  aU  colours,  6,  1/6.  Honesty,  crimson  or  4,  1/6.  Celsia  critica,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Cineraria, 
white,  12,  1/6.    Hypericum  St.  John  Wort,  4,  1/6.  lar-e  exhibition,  6,  1/4.    Cyclamen,  very  choice  stram,  3,  1/b. 

:ice!and  Poppy,  E.ceUlor  strain.  6,1/4  IncarviI.ea  large  rich  ^-^VP^J'^/'^^J^Sum's.  sVente^"otk"e^f,  tw  Helio! 
carmine,  3,  1/6.  Iris,  large  flowered  Japanese.  4  1/4.  Iris,  ?;;°™?^4  fra-rant,  4, 1/6.  Lobelia  cardinally  Queen  Viotorla, 
veUow   I •  1?6      ,;;^.e'J'6   iT""'  •  "^       ■  '  '    "^    '    sSi    sptos!"  broize    foliage,    4,    1/6.    Lobelia    cardinalis; 

yeUow,  4,  1/6,    mi^ed    6,  1/6  beautiful  hybrids,  4.  1/4.    Marguerites,  large  white,  6,  1/6. 

Kniphona,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/4.  Marguerites-  Krge  yellow,  6,  1/6.    Marguerites,  lovely  blue. 

Lavender  bushes,  English,  3, 1/6.  Lilies,  hardy  Tiger,  3, 1/4.  6,1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  red  or  white,  6,  1/4.  Primula 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  large,  6,  1/4.  Linum,  blue  perennial  Flax,  obconica,  lovely  new  giant  hybrlds.S,  1/4.  Primula  malacoides, 
8,1/4.  Linaria  dalmatica,  veUow,  6,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalis,  lovely  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Primula  cortusoides,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 
hybrids,  6,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis.  Queen  Victoria,  4,  1/4.  Prirnula  japonica,  rich  crimson,  4,  1/4.  Primula  Kewensis, 
London  Pride,  rockery,  6, 1/4.  Lupins  polvphyllus,  white,  blue,  bright  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Primula  Bulleyana,  orange  red,  4,  1/4. 
8,  1/4.  Lupin,  pink,  4,  1/4.  Lupin  Tree,  yellow  or  white,  Primuia  pulverulenta,  crimson  shades,  4,  1/4.  Rehmannia, 
3,  1/6.  Lupins,  mixed  colours,  12,  1/6.  Lyohnia,  scarlet,  large  pink  trumpet,  3,  1/6.  Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet, 
salmon,  crimson,  6,  1/4.  4    1/6.    Salvia  coccinea,  brilliant  scarlet,  4,  1/4.    Mother  of 

—  ■'•''■      Schizanthus  Wisetoniensis,  6, 

i.    Sf       ■ 

iea   g 

Prim 

„  —  —  '6°  P 

Papaver  OriTntei    fl'owertog,   a"  gem   for  pots^   3,^1/6.^ 


Musk,  hardy  scarlet,  6,  1/4.    Monarda  Cambridge,  scarlet.    Thousands,  hangini?,  8,  1/4.    S( 
S,  1/4.    Montbretia,  brilliant  spikes,  12,  1/6.  1/4.    Smilax,    trailing,    4,    i/4. 


Streptocarpus,    large    new 

'«"■  '."       ,     ..ij    i„.™    hvbrtds     4.   1/4.    Primula   rosea   grandiflora,  lovely,    1,   1/-. 

/srita'Siia'^s^rptec?    Streptocarpus,    lovely    Cape    Primrose,    many    rich    colours 

Cassiersrodiers,  etc.,^lS:T/4.">Tn8Yes.  tedd^Vime  yTuow.'    •i'rge  tubular  blosspms^_evergreen^perennial,  almost  perpetual 


Periwinkle,  large  blue,  4,  1/6. 
flowering  Bugnot's  Superb.  Bismarck,  Britannia,   Slasterpiece, 


blue,  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden,  12,  1/4.     .-ciko'«<    v^-^.v.*.™*  ..-        -  *     ^w 

Queen,  Apricot  Queen,  Salmon,  etc..  6,  1/6.     Papaver  Oriental,        Tomato     plants,     strong,     siuray, 
scarlet  and  crimson,  6,  1/4.     Passion,  hardy  blue  and  white,    favourites.  Sunrise,  etc.,  0,  l/o. 

CATALOGUE       FREE. 


transplanted,     market 


RS.    PYM,    F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


CARNATIONS 

Why  pay  high  railway  rates? 

TRY     MY 

Parcel  Post  Collections. 


PLANTS  OUT  OF  1*  INCH  POTS. 

20    in  20  varieties 20/- 

50     in  50  varieties  ...  ...     50/- 

100    in   100  varieties  ...100/- 

All    Free    by    Post. 


C.   ENGELMANN, 

Carnation   Grower, 
SAFFRON      VA/ALDEN. 


GREEN    HOLLIES. 

A     particularly     fine     lot     for     inim.diate    effect. 

5/6   feet,   6/7   feet,  7/8  feet  and  8/9  feet. 

Prices  per   dozen,    and    hundred    on   application   to 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


AUCTION     SALES     OF 

BULBS,    ROSES,    HERBACEOOS    AND    ROCK    PLANTS, 

RHODODENDRONS,    AZALEAS,  FRUIT  TREES.    PALMS, 

CARNATIONS,  Etc. 

EVERY   MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY   &  FRIDAY    by 

PROTHEROE    &    MORRIS, 

at  their  Central  Sale  RoomB, 

67     &     68,     CHEAPSIDE,     EC. 2 

Catalogues   on  Application. 


CARNATIONS. 

For  any  and  every  purpose. 
L:irge  plantsinSin.pots  in  Bud, 
f  from  35/-  per  dnz..  carriage 
(xtra.  Younger  stOLk  in  3^in. 
pots,  from  15/-pcrdoz. 

BORDER  CARNATIONS 

You  MUST  plant  now  if  you 
:ire  to  get  the  best  results  tliis 
year.  We  have  superb  stocUs 
of  all  the  b^st  varieties  for  im- 
mediate  delivery,  ex  3jin.  pots. 
The  undermentioneJ  collec- 
tions are  available  at  carriage 
&■  pncUing  paid  prices  for  cash  ; 
Coll.  No.  Ic— 6  distinct  varieiies.  12  - 
Coll.  No.  2c.— 12  .,  24  - 

No.    3c.— 100    Plants    in    twelve    best    standard 
varieties,  140/- 
Carrlage  and  packing  paid  for  cash. 

ALLNA/OODII. 

The  new  hardy  plant—half  Pink  and  half  Carnation— grows 

anywhere,  and  flowers   perpetually  from  Sprint-  to  Winter. 

All    varieties   nvaibble,    but    we    offer   the   u   dermentioned 

CO  lections  at   carriage   and  pacUing  paid  prices    or  cash: — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties.  11/- 

Coll    No.  2b.-9         ..  ..  23/6 

Coll.  No.  3b-.12       ..  ..  40/- 

Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  cash. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET,    6d.    post    free. 

Fully     illustrnted    ami    ifcsctiptivc    cttfalogue    sent    t>ost   free    with 
pleasmc  o*i  request. 

f  When  yon  think  of  Carnjlions  yon  think  of 


Coll. 


The  leading  CaruttoB  Raisers  and  Specialists  ia  the  World,  Dcpt.  4. 

BAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  26,   1921. 


I  DO  NOT  GROW  I 

j  GERANIUMS  | 

=  in  your  flower    beds   this    year    but  = 

E  have   Begonias    instead.      They    are  = 

=  quite  as  easy  to  grow  and  make  a  = 

=  much  finer  show.     No  other  summer  E 

=  bedding  plant  gives  such  a  wealth  of  = 

p  wonderful  colours  or   such  glorious  = 

=  blooms.  = 

I  RYDER'S     GOLD  | 

I  MEDAL    BEGONIAS  | 

Er  are  of    the    very    finest    strains   and    the  = 

H  tubers  are  all  of  first  size,  equally  good  for  E 

=:  growing  in  pots  or  for  bedding  out.  E 

E  Double  Fringed,  splendid  mixture  of  E 

E  all  colours.      9d.  each,  6  for  4/-,  12  for  E 

=  7/6,  25  for  14/-,  50  for  26/6,  100  for  50 -,  = 

E  carriage  paid.  E 

=  Single  Frilled,  in  separate  cohours —  E 

E  White,  Yellow,  Pink,  Crimson,  Scarlet  E 

~  and  Orange.      8d.   each,  6  of   any  one  E 

=  colour  3/6,  12  for  6/6,  25  for  12/6,  50  E 

=  for  23/6,  100  for  45/-,  carriage  paid.  Ez 

=  Single  Crested,  splendid  ml.xture  of  = 

=  all  colours.     8d.  each,   6  for  3/6,  12  for  E 

=  6/-,  25  for  11/-,  50  for  21/-,  100  for  40 -,  E 

E  carriage  paid.  = 

I  EVERYTHING    FOR  THE    GARDEN  | 

~  Seeds,  Plants,  Bulbs  and  Garden  Sundries  from  ^ 

I  RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS  | 

^  <  f{y<lcr  .?  Son  H920)  Ltd.)  '£_ 

^llillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ 


^      FLOWER  SEEDS  to  sov;  now 
!;-??<'  '"  /'■^'"^  or  greenhouse. 

•g-;^      STOCKS,  large  fld.,   ten  week, 
y^'j  finest  mixed,  bd.  perpkt. 

»j;j'->^  ,,        All-  the  -  Year   Round, 

'fffi.  beautiful  double  white, 

y^)  td.  and  i/-  per  pkt. 

?!:;.■''•!  >>        Large    fld.    pyramidal, 

^A  large      double    flowers, 

'y^i  mixed,  6d.  per  pkt. 

'^\  ASTERS,  Giant  Comet,  mixed; 
■kii\  Giant  Comet, white, -OstrichPlume, 
'j^/  white;  ditto,  mixed;  Truffant's 
"Ss^^  Perfection,  mixed;  Victoria, 
1^5.  mixed  ;  Dwf.  Chrysanthemum,  fld. 
^J^J  mixed;  Sinensis,  single  mauve. 
5i?f^  pink,  and  white,  all  6d.  per  pkt., 
li^.  best  obtainable  strains. 
'^J  CARNATION.  finest  border 
"  vars.,  self  colours,  i/6  per  pkt. 

GLOXINIA,   finest    erect   fld., 
1 16  per  pkt. 

PRIMULAS,  giant  fld.,  in-good 
variety  of  sep.  colours,  and  finest 
mixed,  i  /6  per  pkt. 
AURICULA  ALPINE,  finest 
strain  for  outdoor  culture,  6d.  pkt. 
NEMESIAS,  Triumph,  and 
Blue  Gem,  splendid  half-hardy 
annuals,  6d.  and  i/-  per  pkt.  ; 
sow  end  of  March. 
SALPIGLOSSIS  grandiflorus, 
very  fine  half-hardy  annuals, 
jd.  and  6d. 

^SK  ^'  ^    Pt^arson  &  Sons ,  Ltd., 

K^^      Estab.  1782._  Notts. 


i  ""V    i 
rVCS-'i 


5 


Canary     Guano     i^ 

the  ideal   food    for 

Tomatoes.       A 

mulching  of  sand . 

loam  and  leaf  soil 

with     the   addit  on 

of  a  .S-inch  potful  ot 

Canany  Guano  to  a 

,,  barrow  load     of    soil. 

ii'  should  be  applied  every 

week  as  the  plants  first 

gain  strennth,  and  later. 

about    a    fortnifiht  or  so 

il\_         over  the  roots. 

Cuano 

Clbtainabie  from  al!  Seedsmen  in 
Cartons.  1/- each.  Bans.  71b.  3/6; 
14  lb.,  6/6;  'J81b.,  11'-:  56  lb. 
19/-;  I  cwt..  35/-,  each;  or 
direct  from  the  maUers 
Wrife  to-day  for  FREE 
Booklet  No.  11.  contain- 
ing full  Particulars  of 
Canary  Guano,  it-it  ii 
Oitrilen  Diary  for  the 
Yeitr.  post  free  on 
application. 
CHtMiCAL  UNION.  Lid, 
IPSWICH 


rJIIIIIIIinilllillllllllllllllllllllllNlllillllllllllllllllllllllllllMI^ 

I  RYDERS  I 

I  Gorgeous  Gladiolus,  i 

E  Plant     Ryders     Gladioli     amongst    your  = 

E  Carnations  or  between  any  of  the  plants  in  = 

=  the  front  half  of  the   Herbaceous  Border  E 

E  and    you    will    be   delighted    with    them.  = 

=  Ryders    Gladioli    bulbs   are   all   unusually  E 

=  large  and  well  ripened,  so  will  throw  up  E 

E  tall,    perfect    spikes   of   beautiful   flowers.  ^ 

I  18  VARIETIES  for  5/-  | 

E  We  will  send,  by  return,  one  bulb  each  of  = 

E  the    following,    carriage    paid,    for   5/-: —  E 

E  BRIMSTONE,  pure  light  yellow  ;  LOVELINESS,  = 

E  a  most  delightful  flower  ;  PANAMA,  a  large  E 

E  flowered,  deeper  coloured  America  ;  PEACE,  E 

=  enormous    pure    white     tinged    with     pale  — 

E  lilac;    PRINCE  OF   SCARLET,  an   especially  E 

=  desirable    sort ;    PRINCESS,    vivid    scarlet,  = 

=  flowers   open  wdely ;    GOLDEN   WEST,   the  = 

E  colour  of  the   setting   sun  ;   L'IMMACULEE,  E 

=  pure   white,   a  perfect   spike  ;   Mrs.  FRANK  = 

E  PENDLETON,  soft  rose   pink,  with  crimson  E 

E  spot;     ORION,   delightful    pale   rose  pink;  E 

E  PINK   BEAUTY,    brilliant    rose    pink;    WAR,  = 

E  deep,   blood  red   shaded  darkest   crimson,  E 

E  and  6  bulbs  of  the  new  and  most  charming  = 

=  PRIMULINUS  hybrids.  E 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  | 

zl  SEEDS  of  all  kinds,  includiog  many  unobtainable  elsewhere  ;  i= 

=  PLANTS.  ROSES,  TREES  and  SHRUBS,  GARDEN  TOOLS  = 

E  and  other  SUNDRIES.     WRITE  FOR  FREE  LISTS.  ^ 

I  RYDERS (SeedDept.ll),ST.ALBANS  I 


TMIIIIIIII 


(Ridir  &  Son  (1920)  Ltd.)  = 

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllf^ 


LAST  GALL! 


If    this    should 
meet  Your  eye, 

it  means  that  our  stock  of  free 
beautifully  illustrated  Garden 
Seed  Guides  is  almost  exhausted, 
and  that,  to  ensure  getting  your 
free  copy,  you  should 

WRITE  TO-DAY  FOR  OUR 

FREE    "GUIDE  TO   GARDEN 

WISDOM  AND    GUARANTEED 

GARDEN  SEEDS," 

a  beautifully  illustrated  book  of  160  large 
pages  of  pictures  and  indispensable  infor- 
mation about  the  only  Garden  Seeds  good 
enough  to  be  sold  under  a  plain  Guarantee. 
EVERY  packet  of  Seeds  ordered  thence 
MUST  grow  for  YOU  and  please  you 
or  you  will  get  it  replaced  freely. 

Just  send  a  postcard  to-day.      To-morrow  may  not 
do  as  well.     Address  us  personally. 

TOOGOOD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 

Seedsmen    to     H.M.     the     King,     and 

Growers  or  "  Better  Crops  "  Seeds  only. 

SOUTHAMPTON. 


No.  2575  —Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[March  26,  1921. 


THERE  are  few  gardens,  be  they  large  or 
small,  in  which  a  fitting  home  could  not  be 
found  for  a  few  Phloxes,  of  which  a 
splendid  selection  appears  on  page  146. 
They  may  be  increased  by  the  division 
of  the  old  stools  or  from  basal  cuttings,  the  latter 
being  the  better  method.  There  is  another  way 
of  growing  these  plants  • — •  that  is,  in  pots  for 
conservatory  decoration  in  autumn.  Any  time 
from  now  to  mid-April  cuttings  may  be  taken  and 
rooted  in  a  frame.  Pot  them  in  5  inch  pots,  and 
when  sufficiently  hardened,  transfer  to  8  inch 
pots  and  grow  on  %vith  much  the  same  liberal 
treatment  as  is  given  to  pot-grown 
Chrysanthemums.  The  Phlox 
illustrated  on  the  front  cover  of 
this  issue  is  Elizabeth  Campbell, 
the  best  of  the  salmon  coloured 
varieties. 

A  Beautiful  March  Flowering 
Shrub. — One  of  the  most  delicious 
shrubs  in  flower  at  the  present  time 
is  Osmanthus  Delavayi.  A  low 
flowering  bush  against  a  south  wall 
is  now  (March  19)  wreathed  in 
small  clusters  of  pretty  fragrant 
white  flowers ;  seen  from  afar 
against  its  very  dark  green 
leaves.  Osmanthus  Delavayi,  a 
native  of  Yunnan,  China,  was 
originally  introduced  by  way  of 
France,  seeds  being  sent  by  the 
Abbe  Delavay  to  M.  Maurice  de 
VUmorin  in  1890,  but  it  was  not 
until  about  twenty  years  later  that 
plants  were  received  in  this  country. 
Mature  bushes  grow  6ft.  high  and 
are  shapely  in  outline ;  young 
plants  are,  however,  rather  loose 
in  habit.  It  should  be  planted  in 
light  loamy  soil  containing  a  little 
peat,  and  may  be  increased  by 
means  of  cuttings  inserted  in  sandy 
soil  in  a  close  frame  in  July. 

A  Choice  Collection  of 
Freesias. — -The  choicest  exhibit  of 
Freesias  sho*n  -so  far  this  season, 
though  small  in  extent,  was  that 
put  up  by  Mr.  G.  H.  Dalrymple,  of 
Hartley,  Hants,  at  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Meeting  on 
March  8  They  were  splendidly  grown,  and 
showed  it  by  the  intense  depth  of  colour  and  firm 
substance  in  the  flowers.  To  name  a  few:  Goldfinch, 
a  deep  luminous  orange-yellow,  though  small,  was 
a  remarkable  flower ;  .Apogee,  a  very  large  yellow  ; 
Clouded  Amber,-  an  art  shade  ;  Conquest,  a  pretty 
blue  shade ;  and  Bartley  Rose.  As  it  is  the 
first  time  Mr.  Dalrymple  has  grown  Freesias 
on   scientific  lines   with   pure  fertilisers   he   must 


be  complimented  on  such  success  ;  but  this  is  only 
a  beginning,  as  we  shall  see  some  wonderful 
results  in  future  years.  Unfortunately,  some  of 
the  Freesias  had  broken  into  flames  and  feathers, 
like  Tulips.  Having  overcome  this  difficulty  Mr. 
Dalrymple  will  in  future  be  able  to  maintain  a 
stock  of  all  the  new  hybrid  seedlings  he  has 
coming  on,  in  original  selfs  as  well  as  broken 
forms. — C.  A.  J. 

The  Hardy  Rock  Cresses.  —  Living  flames 
of  colour  that  come  with  the  spring  sunshine 
are  the  blossoms  of  Aubrietias,  the  well 
known     Rock     Cresses,     plants    of    lowly    growth 


OSMANTHUS^DELAVAYI    IS    NOW    PRODUCING    CLUSTERS 
FRAGRANT    WHITE    FLOWERS. 


that  serve  as  carpets  for  other  plants,  for 
edgings,  and  for  positions  in  the  rock  garden 
where,  over  jutting  crags,  they  flower  for  weeks 
on  end.  Hardy  to  a  degree,  and  soon  accom- 
modating themselves  in  new  quarters,  they  can 
be  removed  almost  up  to  the  time  of  their  beauty 
stage,  with  little  harm,  provided  ordinary  care  is 
exercised.  Some  of  the  Aubrietias  are  vivid 
in     their    tints,    among    them    being    Fire    King 


(reddish   crimson),    Graca   (deep   blue).    Dr.  Mules 
(purple)  and  Mocrheimi. 

An  Erratic  Flowering  Plant. — SynthjTis  reni- 
formis  is  a  pretty  little  American  plant  with  a  family 
likeness  to  the  Veronicas  which  appears  to  be  fond  of 
a  half-shady  place,  with  cool,  vegetable  soil.  The 
rich  green,  kidney-shaped  leaves,  sharply  indented, 
are  evergreen  with  me,  and  they  grow  in  a  tuft 
about  the  size  of  that  of  Anemone  Hepatica.  From 
tlie  centre  of  these  rise  several  pale.  Pea-green 
spikes  to  a  height  of  about  6  inches,  around  each 
of  which  are  clustered  the  clear  blue  flowers. 
S.  reniformis  is  not  a  "  star,"  but  its  inconstancy 
in  the  time  of  blooming  is  interest- 
ing, and  when  it  gives  its  blossoms 
in  mid-February,  as  it  has  this  year 
done  here,  it  is  very  charming.  Next 
year  it  may  be  midsummer,  or 
even  autumn,  before  it  blossoms, 
and  yet  another  season  may 
induce  it  to  flower  in  spring  and 
again  in  September.  —  .A,.  T.  J., 
Xorlh  Wales. 

Dahlias  from  Seed.— In  a  recent 
issue  there  was  a  short  article  by 
the  Rev.  Joseph  Jacob,  in  which 
he  states  that  he  hardly  ever 
came  across  anybody  who  raises 
Dahlias  from  seed  annually.  He  may 
be  interested  to  know  that  this 
is  my  regular  practice  and  I 
already  have  my  seeds  for  this  year 
coming  through. — Isaac  J.  Burgess 
Btishey,  Herts. 

Wire-Netting  for  Sweet  Pea 
Clumps. — I  note  on  page  105  an 
article  on  the  above  subject.  For 
seventeen  years  I  have  been  grow- 
ing Sweet  Peas  and  have  tried 
wire-netting  in  place  of  branches. 
I  found  them  take  kindly  to  the 
netting,  but  I  would  strongly  advise; 
readers  to  paint  the  netting; 
green,  which  makes  it  more  neat 
and  also  prevents  the  wire  from. 
rusting,  as  it  would  othenvise-jd'Q 
after  a  year  or  two's  use. — H.  CtT; 
Batten.   Forest  Hill.  \ 

Protecting  Fruit  Buds.  —  .At 
this  tim^of  the  year  so  much  damage' 
is  done  by  the  birds  to  the 
majority  of  fruit  trees  and  bushes,  that  some 
means  should  be  taken  to  ward  them  off.  An 
occasional  spraying  with  Quassia  extract,  or  any 
substance  that  will  make  the  buds  unpalatable, 
will  to  a  certain  extent  stop  them. 


OF    ITS 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 
March  30. — Irish  Gardeners"  Association  Meetm  g 
April  2. — Paisley  Florist  Society's  Spring  Show. 


146 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  26,  1921. 


HERBACEOUS  PHLOXES  to  PLANT   NOW 

The  Most  Attractive   Varieties 


*    LTHOUGH    the    species    are     interesting, 
/%       the  wide  popularity  of  the  Phlox  is  due 
/    %     to  the  handsome  florist   varieties  of  P. 
/       %    decussata,    of    which    there    is    a    large 
^  ^  number.     The  best  of  these  now  occupy 

a  position  in  the  perennial  border  of  no  little 
importance,  as  it  is  doubtful  if  this  interesting 
garden  feature  is  ever  more  attractive  than  during 
the  season  when  they  are  at  their  best.  They 
may  be  propagated  by  division  of  the  roots  in 
early  spring  or  from  cuttings  and  from  seed.  For 
ordinary  border  effect  the  former  method,  if  care- 
fully carried  out  every  other  year,  leaving  about 
four  shoots  to  each  plant,  will  result  in  neat  speci- 
mens carrying  beautiful  trusses  of  bloom.  When 
raised  from  cuttings  the  handsome,  symmetrical 
spil;es  are  seen  in  the  higliest  state  of  perfection 
under  good  culture.  The  procedure  is  not  compli- 
cated, and  where  a  stock  of  any  special  variety  is 
wanted  it  is  the  safest  to  adopt.  Early  in  tlie 
year  the  old  stools  are  lifted  and  put  in  pots  or 
boxes,  and  placed  in  gentle  heat.  Growth  soon 
follows,  and  when  the  young  shoots  are  about 
2  inches  long  they  are  taken  off  with  a  heel  and 
inserted  singly  in  small  pots  of  sandy  soil,  which 
are  then  plunged  in  fibre  over  sliglit  bottom-heat. 


Kept  just  moist  and  ventilated  occasionally  roots 
quickly  form,  and  with  a  little  care  soon  become 
established  plants.  When  sufficiently  rooted  they 
are  potted  into  larger  pots  and  removed  to  a  cold 
frame.  In  this  structure  strong  growth  is  made 
under  a  free  system  of  ventilation,  and  early  in  May 
they  may  be  put  in  their  quarters.  Apart  from 
their  value  in  the  flower  garden,  these  plants  will 
be  found  very  useful  for  the  conservatory,  where 
in  neat  groups  they  prove  very  attractive. 

The  raising  of  these  plants  from  seed  is  inter- 
esting and,  while  opportunities  may  not  always 
be  present  to  carry  on  cross-fertilisation,  seed  may 
always  be  obtained  from  the  usual  sources.  They 
sl'.ould  be  sown  in  March  in  pans  of  liglit  soil 
and  placed  in  gentle  heat.  When  large  enough  the 
resultant  plants  are  best  pricked  out  into  boxes 
of  similar  soil  and  kept  steadily  growing  in  a 
temperature  of  about  50".  The  first-sized  pots 
are  usually  3  inches,  and  before  May  is  at  hand 
the  majority  may  require  a  larger  size.  In  any 
case  the  aim  should  be  to  keep  them  steadily 
growing  witl,out  any  check  until  the  weather 
permits  of  planting  out.  From  whatever  method 
the  number  is  increased  the  after-treatment  must 
be  well  carried  out,   or  the  flowers  will  he  very 


ordinary.  A  deep  rich  soil  is  a  real  necessity, 
for  they  are  a  hungry  race,  being  possessed  of  a 
large  quantity  of  strong  roots  which  quickly 
exliaust  the  soil  around  them.  Throughout,  the 
summer  they  should  never  be  allowed  to  want 
for  water,  and  the  hoe  sliould  be  freely  used  among 
tliem.  During  showery  weather  a  dusting  of  some 
approved  fertiliser  helps  them  wonderfully,  and  it 
is  best  hoed  lightly  in.  Mulching  is  usually 
objected  to  in  the  flower  garden,  but  wherever  it 
is  permitted  in  the  shape  of  half-rotted  manure 
it  is  perhaps  the  best  form  of  summer  feeding  to 
adopt, 

A    Selection    of     Varieties.  —  Among    the 

numerous  splendid  varieties  selection  of  the 
best  is  more  a  matter  of  individual  taste  than 
anything.  The  following,  however,  proved  most 
attractive  last  season  :  Elizabeth  Campbell,  John 
Forbes  and  General  Van  Heutsz  in  shades  of 
pink.  Good  orange  scarlets  were  noticeable  in 
Etna,  Mont  Pelee  and  Flambeau,  Excellent  whites 
are  Tapis  Blanc  Snowdrift  and  Mrs,  E,  H,  Jenkins, 
Blues  are  not  very  pronounced,  being  either  more 
in  the  way  of  lilac  or  purple  violet.  They  are, 
however,  very  pretty  in  a  number  of  cases,  Bacille 
Purple   Ring,    Le  Mahdi  and  E.   de   Rouge  being 


5:'Jii*\ 


■    -  -  i 


r    ^^^ 


PHLOXES     IN     GENEROUS    MASSES,    THINLY    INTERSPERSED    WITH    WATSONIAS. 
Both  may    be  planted  now. 


March  26,  1921.J 


THE     GARDEN. 


147 


conspicuously  long  corolla  tubes.  The  petals  are 
pale  lilac  rose  of  wonderful  silken  sheen,  and  the 
colour  has  the  appearance  of  having  been  dusted 
on,  especially  on  the  backs  of  the  petals. 
One  side  of  the  back  of  each  petal  (the  edge  which 
is  first  exposed  as  they  unfurl)  carries  a  darker 
dusting  of  colour  than  the  rest  of  the  flower. 
The  colour  which  I  have  called  lilac-rose  is 
the  most  difficult  to  grasp  and  define  I  have  ever 
come  across.  It  is  almost  as  though  Martagon 
Lily  had  been  powdered  and  dusted  on  to  white 
satin.  During  the  heat  of  the  day  the  blossoms 
remain  half  closed  and  quite  scentless,  but  in  late 
afternoon  they  open  out  flat  and  wide,  and  then 
they  exhale  a  pungent  sweetness  vaguely  reminis- 
cent of  half  a  dozen  flowers,  none  of  which  could 
I  name.  Perhaps  though  the  old  conmiou  white 
garden  Pink  may  be  one,  and  the  little  maroon- 
coloured  Branderly  Orchis  of  the  Alps  another. 

I  wish  someone  would  tell  me  more  about  this 
strange  and  very  beautiful  little  Phlox,  where  it 
comes  from,  and  when  it  came.  Nicholson  is 
silent  on  the  matter.  I  seem  to  remember  having 
heard  somewhere  that  it  is  difficult  to  propagate. 
Soft  cuttings  of  young  growth  would  apparently 
be  the   obvious   way,  but  the  young  growths  seem 


H.  J.   JONES,    ROSY   SCARLET. 

among  them.  In  ricli  Ecarlet  are  Jocelyn  and 
Esperance,  and  for  a  deeper  shade  Alexandra 
Shearer  and  ^gir  are  well  worthy  of  a  place. 
The  average  height  of  all  these  is  between  2  J  feet 
and  3  feet.  A  further  selection  should  include 
Dr.  Charcot,  Parma  Violet  shade ;  Rosenberg, 
fiery  red  and  crimson  eye ;  H.  J.  Jones,  rosy 
scarlet ;  Frau  V.  Buchner,  white ;  C.  Edwards, 
an  improved  Aubrey  Alder ;  W.  J.  Robin--,on, 
carmine  red .;  Jessie  Waters,  salmon  orange ; 
Florrie  Freeman,  cerise,  handsome  truss ;  Mrs, 
A.  W.  Alder,  shell  pink  ;  the  mauve-shaded  Mrs, 
H.  J.  Jones  ;  Rev.  Gilbert  Taylor,  salmon  ;  Mrs, 
J.  G.  Day,  pink ;  Mrs.  Louie  Williams,  deep 
salmon  ;  Terra  Cotta  ;  Dr.  Konigshofer,  brilliant 
orange  scarlet ;  G.  A.  Strohlein,  orange  scarlet. 
A  few  good  whites  are  Frau  V.  Lassberg,  Fiancee, 
Tapis  Blanc  (dwarf)  and  La  Neige,  F.  J.  T. 


A   Night-Flowering   Phlox 

FOR  many  weeks  last  summer  Phlox 
Hoodii  was  flowering  in  my  rock  garden, 
one  of  the  rarest  and  most  beautiful 
of  many  good  alpines.  In  the  June 
heyday  of  alpine  flowers  a  new  plant 
must  be  something  very  good  indeed  if  it  is  to  cut 
a  conspicuous  figure  in  the  rock  garden,  and  Phlox 
Hoodii  certainly  does  that.  In  that  it  is  a  species 
this  Phlox  cannot  be  called  new.  It  is  probably 
as  old  as  the  hills  from  which  it  came.  But  as  a 
garden  plant  it  is,  I  believe,  a  fairly  recent  intro- 
duction, and  it  is  certainly  very  rare.  I  came  by 
a  small  plant  of  it  four  or  five  years  ago,  and  for 
the  last  two  years  this  has  been  planted  out  in 
my  rock  garden.  I  put  it  in  quite  ordinary  loam 
among  limestone  rocks  in  a  very  hot,  simny 
position.  It  is  of  the  Phlox  subulata  persuasion, 
with  thin,  wiry  stems  and  curiously  rigid  pointed 
leaves.  In  winter  it  bears  a  strong  resemblance 
to  a  little  spindly,  straggly  Gorse  bush.  The 
stems  do  not  hug  the  ground  as  closely  as  do  most 
of  the  mossy  Phloxes,  but  lie  out  stiffly,  forming 
a  loose,  irregular  mat  about  18  inches  across. 

The  flowers  are  an  inch  in  diameter  (which  is 
not    so     large    as    it     sounds)     and    carried    on 


Gaillardias  and  Pyrethrums  should 
Find  a  Home  in  Every  Garden 

WHEREVER  the  very  showy 
Gallardias  are  once  grown  they 
are  always  grown,  for  by  ex- 
perience their  several  distinctly 
good  points  quickly  reveal  them- 
selves. They  are,  for  instance,  practically  weather- 
proof, a  most  valuable  advantage,  in  view  of 
the  varying  meteorological  conditions  which 
obtain  in  our  land.  Under  the  hottest  sun, 
when,  maybe,  other  plants  are  apparently  lifeless, 
or  thereabouts  Gaillardias  are  in  perfectly  happy 
mood,  raising  their  brilliant  heads  of  colour  well 
up  on  straight,  stiff  stems,  as  though  oblivious 
to  such  tilings  as  variations  of  temperature. 
Heavy  rains  seem  to  affect  tliem  just  as  little. 

Few  flowers  can  equal  them  as  cut  blooms,  and 
on  this  account  they  are  favourites  for  home 
decoration  purposes.  They  need,  of  course, 
to  be  gathered  young,  i.e.,  before  the  ring  of 
petals  has  become  quite  flat.  As  exhibition 
subjects,  too,  they  are  invaluable,  and  if  given 
reasonable  time  soon  recover  after  a  journey. 
The  plants  possess,  however,  one  eccentricity, 
especially  those  more  than  a  season  old.  They 
sometimes  throw  up  quite  good  and  healthy 
ground  growths,  but  without  flower-spikes.  In 
order,  therefore,  to  obviate  such  a  disappoint- 
ment occurring,  as  well  as  to  increase  one's  stock 
of  plants,  any  clumps  that  may  not  have 
flowered  should  be  lifted  in  August,  dividing  out 
the  rootlets  into  light  soil  a  few  inches  apart. 
Growths  emerging  from  flowering  plants  may,  of 
course,  be  treated  similarly.  It  is  well  to  mark 
the  spot,  because  frequently  the  leaves  die  quite 
away  ;  but  this  should  not  be  taken  as  a  sign 
that  the  roots  are  dead.  In  due  time  they  will 
spring  up.  Apart  from  a  dressing  of  some  insecti- 
cide, soot  or  lime,  no  further  attention  will  be 
necessary  until  removal  in  spring  to  more  permanent 
quarters  in  the  border,  either  singly  or  in  clumps 
of  three  or  four,  the  latter  giving  a  bold  effect. 

Modern     Pyrethrums.— The   value    of    these 
flowers  in  the  garden  during  summer  and  autumn 


ROSENBERG,    FIERY    RED    AND    CRIMSON 
EYE. 

to  turn  hard  as  fast  as  they  develop.  Anyway 
it  does  not  seem  difficult  to  grow  once  you  get  a 
plant  and,  that  being  so,  some  means  will  have 
to  be  devised  for  getting  more  plants.  So  lovely 
and  apparently  easy  going  a  plant  has  no  right  to 
remain  rare. 

This  plant  died  childless  !  I  tried  every  sort 
of  cutting  under  every  sort  of  condition,  also 
layering,  aU  to  no  purpose.  Not  a  seed  did  it 
set.  The  most  resolutely  celibate  vegetable  I 
ever  had  to  do  with  1  -And  it  died.  Farrer's 
"  English  Rock  Garden"  leads  me  to  suppose 
that  perhaps  it  is  not  Phlox  Hoodii  at  all,  but 
one  of  the  Gilias,  possibly  G.  pungens.  Perhaps 
it  would  be  more  correct  and  fairer  to  the  plant 
to  say  that  I  killed  it,  being  compelled  to  trans- 
plant it  at  a  bad  time  of  year 

Stevenage.  Clarenxe  Eli  iott. 


Increasing  Begonia  weltoniensis. — Where  avail- 
able, cuUings  of  this  fibrous- rooted  Begonia  should 
now"  be  got  in,  as  these  can  be  gi'own  into  nice- 
siTecTplants  in  a  few  months.  Young  plants  are 
always  more  vigorous  and  give  finer  results  than 
old  cut-back  plants  do.  Apart  from  its  value  for 
greenhouse  work,  it  can  be  used  with  advantage 
in  favourable  districts  for  bedding  out  purposes. 


FRAU    V.   BUCHNER,   A    GOOD   WHITE. 


14S 


THE     GARDEN. 


"MaECH  26,   IQ2I. 


•^f'frSS 


be  iomia  crrrre  sr^i.-'We  lor  a  dETiip  posir 


rn~    tl)?T 


E  rei     1  isTr  sesr  tv^  -~-="Tip-=^  cni  oizie  cr  two 

As  airsacj-  SLEisf.  zbsrt  ere  zi^w  sr  ^,s-~ 
Tansas  ■^^  select  frDcn  xti;  giii=  e  |r: 
amsme  oe  bs^  ttiipt-  i^  -vrtriei  o::i  :i 
laid  orwni  bj  V^^  J^yL  in  bsr  boDC.  " 
•itt  ITiDwer  Garden."     Xor  znT25:  'sr=  c»^  - 
Talty  .T  •pi'.-'.-'n  nTTvi.  a^  rr-r  ■a'mi-'.g       Xb- 
sraisiEl  s^ens   srs  ideal  iiE   arraafimr   i::    "  _ 
and  iarsi  bows,  and  tbej  ias:  guhc  a  Iorf  : 
in  TTEHsr.     TrT=  s  vdier?  vsxy  scofrs  or-es"  Ibe  — 
~  "  arinimrs.   -Bdii   sr-   s>3£ 


orafT  -DT  tas 


iTT  st^J 


iSeiT  ETC  oniT^E  rf ■»  -i:  i-e  r^E-tim.  j.ins, 
■"  ?j=ir  ziyz  "widely  knc-sn-""  "arziih  "aill  cverc-ome 
the  rronbies  a!  a  s3iE.dy,  n^— r  r:-i  grErden.  There 
are  -r.-n-^^v^i/ni^  cKhs"  TEzieries-  -ssiiiii  I  wlI]  grre  zi. 

i.  Mesiha    Reonksu.   Nierenibfrida  rrvnlaris, 

-'  -r    ill   varierr.    Ctoiisia    ciTciaea  and  not 

.  -    the    CTTErf  ids   Fiebsri.   1.   mdica-nlis, 

1    ;  :  L    -ii-e.  L  piinila   coerniea  and  other 

Tar.'  1  give  a  I-DttST  erect  ssd  heJp  to 

Tiiir-  '  "  li  the  cwsjj  alpizies. 

a  R.    C.     TOLIXTFE. 


How  a  Little  August  Garden  was  Made 
Effective  with  Pink  and  Purple  Flowers 


Bt     GEJirRLTlE     JEKrilX.      \   M  H 


?Txe:diniiis    can    i>e   iDdursd    xo   itnrs-    i^. 
in  tiir  snttmrEL   ar*^  tb^  u'lrV  us^j^sar' 
aiton  ths  .'V^'r  hbV'  end  35  urn  Tery   - 
i'TypTH'      Belait   5^    n^   Jiad   as   cpj^icm^tj 
of  la'  M'"ui5.  zbey  unsi  be  cnl  dmra  qmre  dose 
■H)  lijs  giWin'^    leavins  ^2^  naxnra!  b^isQ  ioS^e 
o!  tie  jilarr!*!  intao.     Arts-  jigrtly  ^"i  ''■!';  tiie 
sogI  aramid  the  T»inT.-T~    pla~.  a   ^t^.  -rVi^  la^*i: 


:»e^n    e    great    -A^'p-^'iiv-    asid    intsscst 

recent  yeats  tc  ^"'V-^  onl  a  ptea  iar 

gardes,   a:    restiicied    ctik'"  '.-1;    iar 

nth  •:«:  AiiEisn  and   it   jias   uset  -witi 

1  and 

these  ~ 


niiiie  oe  the  best  iotm  i;  ^  -^±r~.~.a  TnrfiiiiJHia,  i 
IOC  iroeit  edges,  the  ever-Tj=eft!l  Staeiys  lawata 
Same  ^-eS-erown  plants  01  Gyp5ix>hila  paxocolata, 
that  siread  to  neatiy  4  feet-  a}50  cosne  in  ^  grey 


tiui   n'unrtT<^i^'''y  Efts'  tbe  nist  Bowsdn^ 
ralir  zH  the  P^  -■•'ir  injg 


practi- 
B. 


PLANTS  FOR  A  SHADY 
ROCK  GARDEN 

HAViXG  isad Mr.  5.  Amoit's  IiiljT*,i"nrf 
?  i  isrdsis"  pa£e  76  _  I  thanpit  I 
~  '  '  -    '        "  f  a  5e3scsiaBa  at 

z-  ra  a  TB-TTp  Ea.d 

sBady  roii  rica^^^  .rr  ~  -  :riT~  nf  a^sne  piiains 
33£»  =m.  biE  as  tft'a^.t  rati  gardsai  cacnot  fe 
33s6e  tD  SEii  the  regtnt^msns  a:  Fiiti  ^larr^  j: 
s  asDssaty  xo  obtain  p>— ts  xhai  -stili  griyjr  and 
ETre  ffc»t»d  r^itihs  luidfs"  l^s  dETrnirabje  condiiioHS. 

I  -win  t;atziiE»^n.c:e  "wdtii  Ars»r.^  iHitrtcnyliE,  i 
"ff^i-I  sitoii  TTir.fT^  a   daii  comer  1:»:£  trnite 


—    I2S    sreesxsn    .  1 1  m  j  » is.    j^^  v  t*s 


rs3i- 


5pii*i-lie  itJwiii :  aJso  tie  Atcte  or  ©Bgg  Ficrwer, 
EiiDther  rxseping  plaui.  These  a::?  sererai  fstieiais. 
•widri    pTDon'je    ' :  .  i    SawSia.       *-n>^n»v; 

tirr3s:nddiSTrE  is  i  .:  itjr  -Biao!  a  smt^jie 

biase  f^^  be  T^r —  -  -.^^i^m*^  ax>eiiidna.  A_ 
rjanfei  A.  nenjaross  azid  s-e^^ral  :cier  vaiieti^ 
miBt  not  be  left  otc  ig-ri-i  -a^I  £;h=t  deSghtiiC  rstis. 
espec^ijy  as  they  are  ^-Tr-.-rr.r-  rb^  ;^::^  -;;  beairdrr 
tie  rt»ti  gardss  -wdtn  tiesr  1  :    i~  ^  broe 

EJid   innte   SowetH.      Tie    _  .Atenasda 

biitErJra  ?;tmi»s  sn  "r^rr  isni—  r:r  -.^e  edses  and 
crais  a;  tie  Btode-pared  pazis  and  steps,  also  for 
any  jrttle  Tif^»^ft—  -wiicn  are  n^  SHitaiu*  far  cEier 
plains.  TS"e  can  afeo  pm  sr^roe  cc  tie  Anbcietiis 
r.-ri-rr-^  tie  'jT'jectian,  snci  s  A.  ptstoz.  A. 
x^inarf  s  ,A  t  '.^  I^a-reni:-  and  A_  Btae  Sedi::. 

Cala^nintiE  alroiia  is  a  ijeefEl  ItttV  Ttlynr  and 
•win  grfB-  in  any  piasTri'TP    frrnrfrt  in  very  aiady 

pETtS.     Sent  "We  tOtlte  to  tie  J~ j^  TrTT^^rr;-.'  =■=    sj-rrn*.  CG 

'v^ci  are  m^c*:  5intax«ie  for  ^*Edy  ptsitiais  'Trrsrr^ 
traiers.  sitit.  as  C.  pr— "If.  C.  p.  alba,  C  p-natoas 
a^tii  _.  .rncns2:.c  ;   tti^zr  greatest  enetnies  are  sins 


:^  o;#nvni   I    most    valoe 

-  3D   7"nnh   ~''   '_>!=    adsiia- 
.j.^    iroxn    many  '-who    hzvt 

cdaar    <~nrr.licnaTS.-mc      ^^itn  vijr. 

casaot  ieo'  seeing  t^.s'  it  is 
ijutyj.v  and  dstmcxly  enective 
diat  I  am  nDiir  year  by  year 
tryiic  to  iiini..  li^  it  jr 
Q?:ail  I  ain  ^endkif  a  ^stct: 
cc  Its  ssneral  ^, ;  .lituj^n-tg^n^ 
in  order  liat  any  -wio  maj 
fed  an  interest  •-  in  snc^  '  ^ 
plan,  ana  may  Eke  to  oar- 
i  liiit^  tie  pT-^^sirTTrt.  ^ii  *  3-1- 
tiensdres,  may  have  same- 
tVtt>p  ss  a  SB^esnoa  to  vs^:z 
Trvm  The  c$3io>iztin£:  b  *  c : 
i*ti  j*^  pff"^  and  H-ilt^  Sov^^s 
MlOi  a  ft»d  deal — in  iact.  i 
seiiSE^  ^■-'^  ■ ' '*5  —  of  5 T e  y 
itfiafe.  The  p1=rr-^  that 
^i^V"  tie  sreater  part  ce  tir 
erect  ate  a  socd  clear  pinl 
HonyiDdk,  Clesatfe  Jacxmam 
and  a  bti^t  omj^  3ge3D 
OB  TV.ViB.WHmu  ^C  O  E  s"c  1 2  d  E 
TS'sat  ^lay  re  calied  itt 
secandarr  bians  are  Snat- 
QrafiSES  riEie  ■"^**^  syfi*^  u  -;  — 
China  Astets  psjrpie  ant 
ttisiSL,  tie  good  dannV  jani 
GaSstia,  and  ptnple  and  pinl. 
GlaSoE.  -As  tie  iinle  Earder 
ctEsiFiS  c£  ioiir  iat2S-^^t>ec 
beds  ■Ktti  an  aiia!  path  and 
a  cros  path,  tie  eafe  nearest 
tie  inxetssctioE  are  treated 
aEte  irfth  &  Ynoca  riamentoss 

aanmL  1  hare  not  been  sbije 
to  indnige  iiiys«!t  -wiSh  the 
T  flies  of  lale  years,  but  as 
tiey  made  a  goad  ^trar  ie  hMJpier  times  I  have 
pitt  tiean  in  tie  pSan.  Tie  grey  plasty  are 
tie  "imw-v-iiuntg  ATt*^ut=aa  SteHei^rr^ia  ai  tie 
ansies.  and  a  scod  deal  os  tie  tali  .A.  I.tid&- 
Ticiana  in  titiier  tsarts  ce  tt^^  bcEder.  Tm=  s  a 
m^et  acctcnmadEting  plant,  itjr  ft  can  be  ised  is 
Egaitet  tie  SzZybrjiks  is  tdH  heis:t  as  5  test, 
or  it  can  be  est  atrim  to  any  neaght  tVi^t  may  best 
sidt  iS£  neoEhbtrars.     Thea  there  is  tie  nne  sfhesy 


t=>^C7Z    £>'A?I>£AGOX    AND    AiOxiliHI.'. 
BOEIK2. 


FHI    AUGC5T 


coloradng.  -As  th«e  are  not  nisny  pmk  Soreis 
arailahSe,  I  had  hoped  to  rsi  Laratera  Olbia  in 
tie  hasik  parts  oi  tie  bordez.  aod  iiad  planted 
scene  1^  year.  They  ha-re  bees  a  ^sqipcint- 
ine=il,  foe  1  ooly  Jeamt  too  late  that  ttere  are 
rvro  f  tittts  OS  tvis  liTTc?!  ar^i^  ji  is  eiddent  tiiat  the 
one  I  have  s  the  muug  osie — a  rack,  teh- 
ETcrsring  thing  f^  lest  high  ■■rith  a  great  nu^  of 
leaves   and  ^f.fT'.   poar-ioo3Eing  £o»as.    It  iras 


March  26,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


149 


^t^aii^  JaJi 


Ito: 


-r 


"T — r 


1— 1 ^ r- 

5  o  10  20 

THIS    LITTLE     GARDEN    CONSISTS    OF    FOUR    LONG-SHAPED    BEDS. 
The  colouring  is  of  purple,  pink  and  tcliite  floivers,  u-it}f_a  general  setting  of  grey  foliage. 


grown~froiii  seed  supplied  by^one^^of  our  first 
houses,  and  from  the  catalogue  description  should 
have  been  right.  I  should  be  greatlj'  obliged  to 
any  reader  of  The  Garden  who  would  kindly 
put  me  in  the  way  of  obtaining  the  better  kind. 
One  Lavatera  only  is  shown  on  the  plan,  but 
more,  if  of  the  right  kind,  would  be  desirable. 
The  Dahlias  are  of  the  Star  kinds,  white  and  cool 
pink. 

As  with  all  other  border  gardening,  it  is  not 
enough  to  plant  and  then  expect  it  to  do  all  that 
we  v.'ish  without  further  care,  for  to  have  it  right 
it  must  be  constantly  watched  and  guided  and 
tended.  The  first  thing  will  be  to  see  that  the 
Clematis  Jackmani,  which  makes  growth  early, 
is  trained  in  the  right  direction  on  Pea  sticks 
in  the  case  of  those  near  the  Echinops,  so  that 
it  will  come  just  over  it  and  finally  lie  on  its  tops 
when  the  colour  of  the  Globe  Thistle  begins  to 
go  ;  for  the  Clematis  is  much  the  longer  lasting 
of  the  two.  Any  other  August-blooming  Clematis 
of  purple  or  lavender  colour  can  be  used,  but 
there  are  not  many  that  give  the  mass  of  bloom 
of  the  old  Jackmani.  The  beautiful  Perle  d'Azur 
is  noted  for  trial.  The  Jackmani  is  the  original 
kind,  of  bright  purple  colouring  ;  not  the  sorcalled 
improved,  which  is  redder  and  darker.  Some  of 
the  Clematis  are  trained  into  the  Sea  Buckthorn 
(Hippophae)  ;  this  is  kept  trimmed  to  a  suitable 
height  and  gives  the  setting  of  grey  foliage  that 
is  desired.  The  nc^tt  duty  wiU  be  to  cut  out  the 
blooming  shoots  of  the  Stachys,  for  it  is  the 
carpet  of  silvery  leaves  that  is  wanted,  not  the 
lanky,  ineffective  bloom  ;  as  soon  as  this  is  cut 
away  the  plant  spreads  at  the  base.  Then  as 
the  Artemisia  Ludoviciana  grows,  it  is  topped  and 
topped  again  at  about  fortnightly  intervals,  to 
make  it  do  exactly  as  one  wishes.  The  two 
annuals,  the  pink  Godetia  and  the  Delphinium 
Consolida,  are  sown  in  place.  After  the  first 
year  the  Delphinium  probably  comes  up  self 
sown,  but  it  is  better  to  save  selected  seed  and 
to  sow  early  in  March.  As  soon  as  flower-buds 
show,  the  whole  tops  are  cut  o3,  and  this  cutting 
back  is  repeated  till  the  middle  of  July.  This  is 
not  only  to  make  the  plants  bushy  and  more 
densely    bloomed,    but    to    keep    them    back    till 


August.  The  bushes  of  Ceanothus  are  the  fine 
variety  Gloire  de  Versailles ;  they  are  kept  in 
compact  bush  form  by  being  pruned  back  after 
fiowering. 


A    Dwarf    Japanese    Columbine 

Columbine  Growers  who  are  on  the  look 
out  for  species  or  varieties  of  their  favourite 
flower  may  be  reminded  of  the  existence 
of  Aquilegia  flabellata,  a  dwarf  Columbine  which 
came  to  us  from  Japan  some  years  ago  and  has 


become  a  favourite  with  a  few  of  the  keenest 
hardy  plantsmen  who  own  a  rock  garden  or  choice 
border.  It  is  only  about  a  foot  high  (less  in 
some  soils),  and  is  quite  a  good  Aquilegia  with 
flowers  of  wonderful  size  for  its  other  dimensions, 
but  not  out  of  proportion.  I  suppose  there  is  a 
blue  variety,  but  so  far  it  is  a  white  one  which 
is  to  be  seen  in  gardens,  and  very  pretty  it  is 
indeed.  It  is  a  true  hardy  perennial,  and  a 
long  liver  in  ordinary  soil.  Plants  may  be  raised 
from  seeds  quite  easily,  either  by  sowing  under 
glass  in  pots  or  pans  in  spring,  or  in  the  open  i.' 
early  summer  to  bloom  next  year.     .S.  Arnott. 


PURPLE    CLEMATIS,   PINK    HOLLYHOCK  AND  W  HITE   SNAPDRAGON    WITH    GREY   FOLIAGE. 


150 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  26,  192 1. 


Brilliant    Gardens    and     Brighter 
Surroundings 

Grouping  Tall  Stately  Herbaceous  Plants  jor  Summer  Effect     Floating  Flowers  in  Bowls 


Shelter  would  be  needful,  as  also  the  deep 
digging  and  generous  manuring  of  such  beds. 
Points  to  avoid  would  be  proximity  to  large  trees 
and  too  hot  a  position. 


BY     OWEN     THOMAS,     V.M.H. 


TH  E  plants  I  mean  are  such  as  the 
Hollyhock,  Delphinium,  Rudbeckias  of 
sorts,  the  tallest  of  the  Phlo.K,  Bocconia, 
Eremurus,  Helianthus,  Asters,  Chrysan- 
themums and  many  others,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  Dahlia.     The  latter,   it  is  true,   is 


rock  garden.  It  is  a  large  circular  bed.  The 
plants  must  have  been  strong  and  well  rooted  at 
planting  time  and  the  soil  well  prepared,  because 
when  I  saw  them  on  two  occasions  every  plant, 
I  thought,  was  perfect  and  a  picture  of  good  health  ; 
the  outer  rows  of  plants  being  well  feathered  with 


not  a  hardy  plant,  but  it  is  as  easy  and  economical       foliage    to   the   ground,    and    the   flowers   equally 


THE    STATELY    HOLLYHOCK    SEEN    TO 
BACKGROUND    OF 

*     ■„  -.'V~ 

to  store  through  the  winter  as  the  Potato,  and 
succeeds  equally  well  when  the  tubers  are  planted 
from  the  storeroom,  or  shed.  (Strong  tubers  do 
not  benefit  from  the  codling  under  glass  generally 
given  them.) 

I  am  far  from  ignoring  the  fact  that  such  plants 
already  afford  their  valuable  aid  in  brightening 
and  greatly  helping  to  popularise  the  herbaceous 
border  by  their  bold  and  striking  presence  ;  but 
at  what  a  sacrifice  is  their  services  rendered. 
All  plants  possess  individualities  of  their  own,  not 
only  of  flowers,  but  of  foliage  and  habit  of  growth, 
and  the  full  beauty  and  value  of  such  plants  cannot 
possibly  be  appreciated  to  the  full  where  their 
lower  foliage  is  crowded  out  and  destroyed 
by  the  too  close  pressure  of  other  surround- 
ing plants,  as  is  the  case  with  such  plants  in 
borders. 

I  am  led  to  make  these  remarks  chiefly  by  the 
splendid  effect  that  a  few  large  circular-shaped  beds 
of  Hollyhocks  and  Dahlias  have  produced  when 
planted  on  the  lawns  at  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew, 
during  the  past  few  years.  A  bed  of  Hollyhocks 
of  a  semi-double  pink  variety  (Palling  Belle) 
has  been  planted  every  summer  for  some  years 
on  the  lawn  not  far  from  the  south  end  of   the 


ADVANTAGE    IN    A    LAWN    BED    AGAINST    A 
DARK    GREEN    FOLIAGE, 

as  perfect  and  well  developed.  The  setting  of 
the  bed  on  the  lawn  in  the  midst  of  a  rare  collection 
of  Conifers  and  shrubs  was  most  delightful,  the 
light  green  of  the  lawn  with  the  darker  greei^  of 
the  shrubs  helping  to  intensify  the  brilliancy  of 
the  flowers. 

Some  little  distance  away,  still  on  the  lawn 
and  among  the  Conifers,  shone  another  similar 
star  of  equal  brilliancy,  if  of  less  stateliness,  i.i 
the  way  of  a  large  bed  of  a  crimson  Dahlia.  Apart 
from  the  attractiveness  and  pleasure  given  by 
such  floral  exhibits  among  the  more  sombre  tints 
of  the  evergreens,  they  attract  to  themselves  a 
large  body  of  the  public,  who,  possibly,  if  it 
were  not  for  the  brightness  of  the  flowers, 
would  be  denied  the  pleasure  of  witnessing 
many  other  treasures  of  the  garden  which 
abound  on"  all  sides  and  which  are  seldom  seen 
by  the  public.  ;; 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  similar  opportu- 
nities to  these  present  themselves  in  many  gardens, 
where  it  would  be  possible  at  little  cost  to  add 
much  brilliancy  of  colouring  and  a  brighter 
atmosphere  to  the  surroundings  of  our  homes 
during  summer,  and  that  such  opportunities 
should  not  be  neglected. 


The    arrangement   of   flowers  is  surely  a  matter  of 
taste,     and    how    dull     the    world    would    be  if 
we  all  thought  alike.     The  only  manner  of  floral 
decoration  which  I  would  utterly  condemn  is  that 
where  beautiful  blooms  are  left  to  droop  without 
sufficient,  moisture   to   keep   them  fresh.     We   all 
know    the    stoiry    of    the    beauteous    damsel   who 
found  pleasure  in  dancing  round  a  man' s  head  on  a 
charger,  and  surely  it  is  a  much  simpler  pleasure 
to  sit  round  a  bowl  with   the  floating  head  of  a 
Dahlia,   even  though  the  bowl  may  be  much 
too  small  for  the  size  of  the  bloom  and  give  it 
a'clumsy  appearance  ;  still  we  can  see  the  full 
beauty  of  the  flower  which  we  rarely  do  when 
it  hangs  on  its  bush.    I   use   the  word  hang 
advisedly,    as    so    many    of    our    handsome 
Dahlias   are   spoUt   by   the   weight    of  their 
heads.     I  have  always  found  when"  doing" 
the  flowers,  that  if  I  use  whatever  comes  to 
hand    that    many    excellent    eft'ects  can  be 
achieved.     I   remember  once  when  we  were 
going    to   have    a   very  small   company   for 
lunch,    one  of  the  guests  sent  a  telegram  to' 
say  that  she  was  bringing  friends.     The  table 
was  all  ready  laid  when  the  message  arrived  : 
another  leaf  had  to  go  in,  but  what  could  be 
done   for  more  flowers.      There  was  a  large 
silver  bowl  of  beautiful  coloured  Tulips  with 
which  no  other    flower   would   sit   in   sweet 
accord.      The  only   thing  I    could  find  was 
some  lowly  Violets,  so  I  gathered  a  few   and 
found  some   shallow   silver  bowls,   not  more 
than  an  inch  high  ;    I  popped  the  Violets  in, 
some  peeping  over  the  side,  the  rest  floating 
with  their  short  stems   and  small  leaves  on 
the  surface  of  the  water.    It  sounds  all  wrong,, 
but   so  charmad  were  two  American  ladies 
with  the  arrangement  that  they  insisted   on 
carrying  the  bowls  with  them  into  the  drawing- 
room.    At  present  I  have  a  clear  fkjsbcwl- — 
quite  plain  save  a  cut  star  at  the  bottom — 
about  loins.  across,  sitting  in  the  middle  of 
an  oak  table  ;    under  the  bowl  is   a   Chinese 
blue   mat,    bordered  with  black  velvet   and 
in     the     bowl     is     water.       On    its  surface 
repose  thirteen   Lenten    Roses,  each    has    a 
stem  of  2ins.  or   sins,    in  length  which  allows  the 
attachment    of   a  leaf.     A  friend  on  seeing   them 
enquired   if    the   flowers  were  real,   and  then  ex- 
claimed, "  they  are  the  most  beautiful  things  I  have 
ever   seen."      The    setting    of    their    surroundings 
helps  considerably  as  the  Hellebores  never  looked 
half  so  beautiful  when  in  an  earthenware  bowl  and 
with     a     dowdy    background.        When     I     have 
been    hard    pressed    for  flowers   I    have   carefully 
gathered  Apple  blossoms — which  the  busy  little  tit 
has  nipped  off  the  trees  when  searching  for  grubs — 
and  floated  them,  with  small  giecn  leaves,  on  water , 
in  a  small  and  shallow  black  bowl.     I   have  also 
used  the  fallen  flowers  of  the  large  Chinese  Primulas, 
Hoya,   Stephanotis,   St.    John's   Wort,    Gardinias, 
Magnolias  and  Water  Lilies,  but  the  latter  I  cannot 
keep  awake  when  the  sun  ceases  to  shine  on  them, 
so  I  have  given  them  up  in  despair.      Poinsettias, 
after    they   have   lost    their    green   leaves,    are    a 
legitimate  prey  for  the  bowl  treatment  and  I  like 
them  very  much  when  1  can  find  a  good  variegated 
leaf  from  the  stove  house  to  keep  them  company  in 
their  floating.     But  on  the  whole,  flowers  soon  get 
messy  with  water  round  their  necks  and  as  there 
are  so  many  other  charming  ways  of  using  them,  I 
only  float  them  when  in  dire  necessity.     Euphemia 


March  26, 


1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


151 


STANDARD    ROSES 
ON    LAWNS 

Examine  Trees   and   When   Necessary 
Replant  Before  it  is  Too  Late 

THE  standard  Rose  has  often  been  con- 
demned on  account  of  its  short  life 
and  its  mop-headed  look,  many  thinking 
it  quite  out  of  place.  A  careful  examina- 
tion of  all  trees  should  be  made  before  it 
is  too  late  to  replant,  or  else  gaps  may  occur 
in  a  month  or  so.  We  have  in  past  years  suffered 
severely  in  this  respect,  and  I  fear  tliere  are  many 
similarly  situated.  I  find  it  is  a  good  plan  to  pot 
up  a  few  medium-sized  standard  Roses  and  plunge 
them  in  the  open,  as  these  can  be  readily  removed 
at  any  time  and  placed  in  the  gaps  if  losses  occur 
in  the  late  spring  and  early  summer  months. 
I  have  obser\'ed  that  of  late  years  many  very  weak 
Briars  are  budded  that  would  have  been  better 
if  left  a  little  longer,  and  it  is  often  these  weak 
stocks  that  succumb  to  severe  weather.  The  soil 
in  which  Roses  are  planted  often  has  much  to 
account  for  in  tlie  way  of  losses,  and  I  find  on  our 
light  soil,  without  abundant  supplies  of  moisture 
they  suffer  dreadfully  in  hot  seasons.  As  our 
Roses  are  mostly  on  turf,  I  find  it  a  good  plan 
to  leave  a  circle  some  iS  inches  to  25  inches  round 
each  stem,  and  when  planting  to  leave  some  few 


turf.  This  is  out  of  sight,  and  when  placed  neatly 
round  does  not  look  unsightly  and  keeps  the  manure 
from  the  turf.  Another  advantage  is  that  it 
prevents  the  mowing  machine  injuring  the  stems 
of  the  Roses.  Many  standard  Roses  fail  with  us 
after  a  few  years,  while  others  stand  many  years. 
No  doubt  this  is  owing  to  our  wet  moist  position. 
I  think  Roses  suffer  much  more  from  e.\cessive 
moisture  and  cold  tlian  from  cold  alone,  as  this 
season  many  have  died  that  withstood  the  dry 
frosts  of  ordinary  winters.  I  believe  much  damage 
is  often  caused  to  standard  Roses  by  allowing 
tliera  to  remain  for  years  without  lifting.     Deep 


planting  is  also  much  at  fault,  and  newly  made 
ground  sliould  be  allowed  time  to  subside.  When 
standard  Roses  are  planted  in  beds  the  lifting  is 
is  an  easy  matter,  but  when  on  turf  a  little  more 
trouble  is  given  ;  still,  if  carried  out  every  other 
year  early  in  the  autumn,  according  to  the  season, 
it  is  of  great  benefit  to  tiie  plants,  more  especially 
on  poor  soils.  By  lifting  the  plants  the  suckers 
can  be  cleared  away,  the  long  roots  properly 
shortened  back,  thus  producing  short  fibrous 
roots,  which  are  the  chief  support  of  the  stocks. 
By  so  doing  many  years  may,  I  believe,  be  added 
to  the  life  and  vigour  of  the  Roses.  C.  B.  G. 


WISDOM    IN    ROSE    PRUNING 

More  Often  than  not  Roses  are  Pruned  too  Soon,  and  Early 

Growths  get  Frost  Nipped.      Pruning  May  be  Left  Until  the 

Last    Week   in   March 


Pruning  naturally  divides  itself  into  two  distinct 
operations:  (i)  Removing  the  useless  shoots; 
(2)  Shortening  back  those  shoots  that  remain. 
In  the  first  place,  all  old,  decayed,  and  weakly 
shoots  should  be  cut  out  entirely  with  a  sharp 
pruning  knife,  also  the  pithy  growths,  however 
strong.  This  having  been  done,  the  pruning 
proper  is  effected  by  cutting  back  the  sturdy,  well 


blooms  be  not  required  for  exhibition,  the  shoots  may 
be  left  rather  longer  than  above  directed,  especially 
in  tlie  case  of  ti  e  Hybrid  Perpetuals.  For  what- 
ever purposes  Roses  are  grown,  the  dead,  the 
twiggy,  and  unripened  or  pithy  shoots  should 
be  cut'  clean  out,  also  any  wood  more  than  two 
years  old.  However  long  or  however  fhort  the 
remaining  shoots  be  left,  care  should  be  taken  that 


I. — Commence  by  cutting  out  all  dead  2.- 

zi'ood, 

inches  in  depth  (4  inches  to  6  inches)  for  a  good 
mulch  of  manure.  I  find  cow  manure  gathered 
fresh  out  of  tlie  pastures  the  best,  and  it  is  applied 
every  few  weeks  and  well  washed  down  to  the 
roots  weekly.  On  poor  light  soils  I  believe  this 
to  be  the  best  mantire,  as  it  is  cool  and  moister 
tlian  horse  droppings.  I  find  it  also  answers  as 
a'^winter  dressing  wlien  in  a  decayed  condition, 
and  use  it  largely  for  dwarf  Roses.  One  great  dis- 
advantage in  using  any  manures  near  Grass  edgings 
is  the  rapid  growth  of  the  Grass,  and  a  cheap 
but  effectual  means  to  check  this  is  to  use  iron 
slieeting  or  zinc  placed  round  the  edge  next  the 


PRUNING    A    STANDARD    ROSE. 

-Ahvays  prune  to  a  bud  pointing 
outzi'ards. 


-Pruned  for  garden 
purposes. 


4. — Pruned  for   exhibition 
blooms. 


ripened  shoots  that  are  left.  To  the  beginner  the 
ruthless  way  in  which  an  exhibitor  decapitates  his 
Hybrid  Perpetuals  appears  little  sliort  of  murderous, 
for  an  exhibitor  thinks  nothing  of  cutting  down  his 
plants  to  within  a  few  inches  of  the  ground.  And 
why  is  this  ?  Because  he  knows  that  the  harder 
he  cuts  his  plants  the  stronger  will  be  the  shoots 
that  proceed  from  the.  few  remaining  leaf  buds. 
The  Hybrid  Teas  should  be  less  severely  pruned. 
In  the  case  of  the  Teas  the  knife  need  only  be 
sparingly  used,  just  shortening  back  to  half  their 
length  the  shoots  that  remain  after  the  dead  and 
very    pithy    ones    have    been    removed.     If    the 


the  cut  be  made  just  above  a  dormant  eye  making 
outwards.  After  a  severe  winter  it  will  be  only 
necessary  to  remove  the  injured  growths,  and  cut 
back  the  few  remaining  shoots  until  sound  wood  be 
met  with — that  is  to  say,  where  the  pitli  of  these 
shoots  ceases  to  be  discoloured,  even,  if  necessary, 
below  the  surface  of  the  beds.  As  to  the  time  of 
pruning,  this  will  depend  to  a  certain  extent  oa 
the  locality,  whether  an  early  or  late  one.  but  as  a 
general  rule  tliis  operation  should  be  carried  out 
at  intervals  during  March  for  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals 
and  Hybrid  Teas,  leaving  the  Teas  and  Noisettes 
to  be  dealt  with  in  April. 


152 


THE     GARDEN. 


PERENNIALS   FOR    COLD    DISTRICTS 

By  following   this   Selection    a    Wealth   of  Perennial    Beauty 
may  be  Obtained  even  in  the  Coldest  Parts  of  the  British  Isles 


COLD  and  austere  as  is  at  times  tlie 
climate  of  tlie  nortiiern  parts  of  tlie 
United  Kingdom,  tliere  are  yet  many 
of  the  best  liardy  perennials  for  the 
border  of  hardy  flowers  which  flourish 
there,  and  by  whose  aid  the  garden  may  be 
rendered  beautiful  for  the  greater  part  of  the 
year.  In  truth,  there  are  flowers  which  are 
never  seen  so  fine  as  in  the  cool  summers  of  the 
north,  and  some  of  them  attain  there  a  grandeur 
which  is  not  surpassed  in  the  gardens  which  we 
consider  more  favoured  by  the  climate  than 
there.  The  number  is  too  great  indeed  for 
anything  like  satisfactory  treatment,  but  a 
sufficiency  will  be  dealt  with  to  give  an  idea  at 
least  of  the  wealth  of  perennial  beauty  which 
may  be  secured  in  the  north.  Alpine  plants  are 
not  included. 

Achillea. — -There    are    few    of    the    Yarrows, 
or  Achilleas,   which  cannot  be  cultivated   in   the 


Actaea.  —  Actsea  spicata,  the  common  Bane- 
berry,  is  a  useful  little  plant,  though  its  beauty 
lies  in  its  berries  mainly.  The  best  form  is  rubra, 
which  has  red  berries.     It  likes  shade. 

Alstroemeria.  —  Of  these  fine  flowers,  which 
are  not  free  from  tenderness  in  some  places,  A. 
chilensis  and  A.  aurea  may  be  grown  in  the  warmer 
localities. 

Anchusa. — -The  forms  of  Anchusa  italica  are 
not  too  hardy,  and,  as  in  the  south,  such  fine 
Alkanets  as  the  Dropmore  variety  and  Opal  require 
renewal  every  two  or  three  years  at  the  most. 
A.  sempervirens  is  a  native  of  Britain  and  can  be 
grown. 

Anemones.—  -Most  of  the  Anemones  are  hardy 
in  the  north,  but  for  the  border  such  as  A.  japonica 
and  its  varieties  are  the  best.  They  do  splendidly, 
especially  in  good  rich  soil.  A.  vitifolia  is  not  so 
hardy. 

Anthericum.  — Anthoricum     Liliago     and     A. 


EVEN    IN    THE    COLDEST    PLACES    THE   RUDBECKIA   HERBSTSONNE,   OR  AUTUMN   SUN 
PRODUCES    A    WEALTH    OF    RICH    YELLOW    FLOWERS. 


gardens  of  the  north,  although  the  taller  ones 
are  not,  as  a  rule,  of  exceptional  merit.  The 
rose-coloured  variety  of  A.  Millefolium,  the 
common  Yarrow,  is  useful,  but  is  too  spreading 
at  the  root  for  choice  borders.  The  best  of  the 
Achilleas  are  the  double  forms  of  A.  Ptarmica, 
which  give  double  white  flowers.  The  Bride 
and  The  Pearl  are  the  finest  forms,  and  these  can 
be  cultivated  in  any  soiL 

Aconitum.  —  One  may  with  all  confidence 
include  any  of  the  Aconitums,  or  Monk's- 
hoods,  in  the  selection  of  flowers  for  the  north. 
A.  autumnale,  or  Fischeri  (of  Reichenbach), 
A.  Ackermanni.  A.  Fortunei,  A.  Napellus  and 
the  variety  albus,  A.  Lycoctonum  and  A. 
variegatum  are  among  the  best.  The  climbing 
A.  Vilmoriana  and  A.  volubUe  do  fairly  well  also. 
Any  soil  will  suit  these  useful  hardy  perennials. 

Adonis. — On  the  border  line  between  alpine 
and  taller  perennials  are  some  of  the  Adonis, 
A.  vernalis  and  A.  pyrenaica,  both  yellow,  are 
the  finest  for  the  border  and  are  quite  hardy  in 
the  north  in  common  soil.  A.  amurensis  is  too 
early  for  the  coldest  places,  though  hardy. 


ramosura  are  hardy  and  do  well ;  and  so  do  the 
forms  of  Asphodelus  ramosus,  the  King's  Spear. 
Paradisea  or  Anthericum  Liliastrum  is  also  good. 

Aquilegias. — These  generally  flourish  in  the 
cool  climate  of  the  north,  and  practically  all 
may  be  cultivated  with  every  prospect  of  success. 

Asters,  or  StarwortS.^It  is  unnecessary  to 
say  much  about  these,  as  practically  all  will  do 
well  in  the  north.  A.  grandiflorus  is  too  late  for 
most  places,  however. 

Bocconia. — The  stately  Bocconias  are  a  success 
in  northern  gardens  and  form  striking  ornaments 
in  many  borders.  B.  cordata  and  B.  microcarpa 
are  both  excellent. 

Campanulas. — No  one  can  go  amiss  with  any 
of  the  taller  Bellflowers,  some  of  which  are  of 
great  beauty  in  the  north,  the  cool  atmosphere 
contributing  to  the  longer  duration  of  the  blooms. 
Few  present  any  difficulty,  and  almost  everyone 
is  beautiful. 

Centaurea.  — Practically  all  the  taller  Cen- 
taureas,  or  Cornflowers,  in  cultivation  are  good 
growers  in  northern  gardens  and  may  be  employed 
with  advantage,  growing  in  any  common  soil. 


[March  26,  1921. 

Cone-flowers. — We  find  few  flowers  so  useful 
for  autumn  and  summer  display  in  the  north  as 
the  Rudbeckias  or  Cone-flowers.  R.  californica, 
R.  speciosa  and  R.  laciniata  are  all  good.  The 
Echinaceas,  which  are  practically  red  and  purple 
Cone-flowers,  are  not  so  long  lived,  but  are  very 
fine  in  their  way. 

Coreopsis. — Some  of  the  Coreopsis,  such  as 
C.  lanceolata  and  C.  grandiflora,  occasionally 
flower  themselves  to  death,  although  nominally 
hardy.  C.  tenuifolia  and  C.  verticillata  are  both 
more  perennial  and  enduring  in  light  soil. 

Delphinium.— The  noble  Delphiniums  are  the 
glory  of  many  a  northern  garden,  and  any  species 
cultivated  in  the  south  will  flourish  as  well  in  the 
north.  D.  cardinale  and  D.  nudicaule  are  not, 
as  a  rule,  long-livers,  however.  The  glorious 
hybrids  are  the  best  in  every  way. 

Dictamnus.— Dictamnus  albus.  or  Fraxinella.  is 
very  useful  and  quite  hardy  in  the  north.  The 
form  called  caucasicus  is  a  handsome  one  and 
far  surpasses  our  common  Fraxinella. 

Doronicum. — These  Leopard's  Banes  are  useful 
flowers,  especially  D.  plantagineum  excelsum, 
which  flowers  in  spring  and  autumn  both.  D. 
caucasicum  and  any  other  may  be  cultivated 
successfully. 

Echinops. — Globe  Thistles  are  effective  in  the 
border,  and  E.  ruthenicus  and  E.  Ritro  are  among 
the  best,  both  being  hardy  in  common  soil. 
^Epimedium. —  Barrenworts  make  nice  hardy 
plants  for  the  border,  their  flowers  and  foliage 
alike  being  pleasing  in  a  high  degree.  All  the 
species  in  nurseries  are  hardy. 
I  1  Erigeron.  — •  E.  speciosus  is  the  best  of  the 
border  Erigerons  and  is  quite  hardy.  E.  Roylei 
and  E.  glaucus  are  also  hardy,  but  are  only 
suited  for  the  front  row. 

Erodium.  —  E.  Manescavi  is  the  finest  of  the 
larger  hardy  Heron's  Bills,  but  one  called  E. 
hybridum  is  also  excellent  for  the  northern 
garden. 

Eryngium. —  Excluding  some  of  the  foliage 
Sea  Hollies,  such  as  E.  Serra  and,  in  colder  quarters, 
even  E.  pandanifolium,  these  fine  plants  are 
practically  hardy.  E.  alpinum,  E,  araethystinum. 
E.  planifolium,  E.  oliverianum  and  E.  Bourgati 
are  as  good  as  any. 

Eupatorium. —  E.  purpureum  is  the  only  one 
worth  haxing  in  the  border,  and  is  not  in  itself 
a  choice  thing,  though  hardy  enough 

Galega. — -In  the  Goat's  Rues  we  have  some 
good  plants,  such  as  the  varieties  of  G.  persica 
and  G.  officinalis.  These,  with  G.  flexuosa 
Hartlandi,  are  all  capital  in  the  north. 

Gentiana.  —  Of  the  taller  Gentians  G.  ascle- 
piadea  and  G.  Andrewsii  are  among  the  best  for 
our  purpose.  G.  lutea  is  a  shy  bloomer  and  rather 
coarse 

Geraniums.  —  CranesbUls  are  excellent  and 
aflord  us  a  good  variety  of  hardy  plants.  G. 
sanguineum  and  its  variety  album  are  very  pretty, 
and  the  taller  pratense  plenum  is  one  of  the  best 
G.  ibericum,  G.  nepalense,  G.  pyrenaicum  and 
many  more  are  quite  enduring  in  a  northern 
climate. 

Geum.  —  G.  chiloense  and  G.  montanura  are 
quite  hardy  and  are  pretty  border  plants  Mrs. 
Bradshaw  is  superb  in  the  north. 

Gypsophila.  —  The  popular  G.  paniculata  and 
its  double  variety,  with  G  acuta,  are  excellent 
in  the  north  in  ordinary  soil. 

Helenium.  —  There  is  a  pretty  general  con- 
sensus of  experience  that  practically  all  the 
Heleniums  are  good  for  the  northern  garden. 
H.  pumilum  magnificura  is  one  of  the  best  but 
all  are  worth  having. 

Helleborus. — Christmas  and  Lenten  Roses 
do  well  and,  with  a  little  shelter  given  by  a  hand- 
light,  the  former  are  lovely  in  gardens  far  north. 


March  26,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


153 


Hemerocallis. — These  Day  Lilies  are  practi- 
cally all  hardy  and  flourish.  In  cottage  and  other 
gardens  there  are  good  clumps  of  some  of  the 
older  Hemerocallises,  such  as  H.  flava.  H.  Midden- 
dorifii,  H.  disticha  fl  -pi.  and  others,  and  the  newer 
ones  have  been  tried  with  success. 

Inula.— We  find  I.  glandulosa  and  I.  Royleana 
good  plants,  proof  against  our  northern  winters 
and  excellent  in  every  way. 

Irises. — .-^part  from  the  bulbous  Irises,  bulbous 
plants  not  being  included  in  these  notes,  we  have 
every  confidence  in  recommending  the  bearded 
and  beardless  Flag  Irises,  and  such  species  as 
I.  sibirica  and  its  varieties.  I.  susiana  even 
flowers  in  one  or  two  favoured  northern  gardens, 
but  is  not  reliable. 

Lupines. — Lupinus  polyphyllus  is  a  capital 
northern  plant,  and  L.  nootkatensis  also  proves 
hardy.  The  former  thrives  specially  well  and 
in  its  numerous  colours  and  tints  is  appreciated 
more  than  ever. 

Lychnis. — There    are    few    finer    plants  in  our 
gardens     than     L.     chalcedonica,     whose    scarlet 
flowers  are  so  showy.      The  double 
variety  is  excellent,     L.  alba  plena, 
L.   dioica  plena  and  several  others 
are  worthy  of  cultivation. 

Malvas.  —  Such  Mallows  as  M. 
moschata.  rose  or  white,  are  to  be 
seen  in  many  northern  gardens  and 
are  thoroughly  satisfactory. 

Mertensia    and    Pulmonaria. — 

Mertensia  sibirica  and  Pulmonaria 
officinalis  are  useful,  though  some 
consider  the  latter  rather  coarse. 
It  may  be  had  in  blue,  white,  and 
red  of  various  shades. 

Monarda. — M.  didyma,  with  its 
brilliant  scarlet  flowers,  is  a  splendid 
thing  for  a  cool,  moist  border.  M. 
fistulosa  is  also  hardy,  though  in 
every  way  inferior. 

CEnothera. — Several  of  the  Even- 
ing Primroses  are  very  fine  in  the 
north.  CE.  marginata  is  more  of  a 
rock  garden  plant,  but  when  estab- 
lished is  fine.  CE.  fruticosa  is  one 
of  the  best  day  bloomers.  CE. 
Youngi  plena  is  good,  but  the  double 
CE.   M.  Cuthbertson  is  finer  still. 

Orobus. — Such  dwarf  Vetches 
as  Orobus  vernus  and  O.  aurantius 
are  both  suitable  for  our  object, 
and  there  are  others  of  this  class  of 
the  Lathyrus.  or  Pea.  S.  Arnott. 
(To  be  continued.) 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 
Tlie  Kitchen  Garden. 

Globe  Articholies. — Clear  away  the  winter 
protection  and  apply  a  good  mulching  of  rotten 
manure  and  fork  it  in.  Where  offshoots  were  taken 
and  potted  up  in  the  autumn,  and  grown  in  cold 
frames,  the  present  is  a  good  time  to  put  them  in 
their  fruiting  quarters.  If  none  of  these  is 
available  and  there  are  vacancies  to  be  made 
good,  some  of  the  more  robust  clumps  may  be 
divided.  Besides  the  many  excellent  dishes  which 
can  be  made  from  the  Globe  Artichoke  it  is  interest- 
ing to  note  that  the  dried  and  powdered  leaves 
are  sometimes  used  as  a  remedy  for  intermittent 
fever,  and  that  the  flower  of  the  plant  has  proper- 
ties similar  to  those  of  Rennet  in  that  it  curdles  milk. 

Seeds  of  Broccoli,  Kales,  Brussels  Sprouts,  and 
early  and  late  Cauliflowers,  should  now  be  sown  for 
main  supplies.  Seeds  of  Celery,  too,  and  Celeriac 
for  principal  supply  should  be  sown  on  a  declining 
hot-bed.  Sowings  of  Spinach,  Tinrnips,  early 
Carrots  and  Lettuce  must  be  made  as  requirements 
decide. 

Tomatoes.— Pot  on  successional  batches  as 
ready   and   aim  at   producing  short-jointed  wood 


A  Stonecrop  for  a 
Sunny   Wall 

(SEDUM     ALBUM) 

A  PRETTY  form  of  this  native  Stone- 
crop  is  commonly  sold  as  Sedum 
murale,  a  specific  name  which  has 
no  botanical  authority.  In  other 
forms  it  is  also  known  as  S.  neglec- 
tum  and  S.  formosum.  but  the  one 
in  question  is  the  best.  Whereas 
many  of  the  Stonecrops  are  a  little  wanting  in 
interest,  a  mass  of  this  in  rockwork  cannot  be 
passed  without  admiration.  Besides  its  neat  form 
of  spreading  heads  of  bloom  about  ij  inches  across 
on  6-inch  stems,  it  has  the  charm  of  delicious 
colouring  ;  a  general  tinge  of  dehcate  pink,  mingling 
with  a  groundwork  of  warm  grey  purple  from 
the  colour  of  the  stems  and  the  short,  fat  little 
leaves.  G.  J. 


or  large  trees,  and  it  is,  as  a  rule,  upon  such  trees 
that  the  operation  would  be  necessary  in  a  private 
garden.  Reasons  for  grafting  may  be  summed  up 
under  three  heads,  namely,  the  increase  of  some 
especial  or  favourite  variety ;  to  restrain  or 
increase  vigour  ;  and,  thirdly,  in  some  cases  to 
make  varieties  more  adaptable  to  certain  soUs. 
The  best  time  to  do  the  work  is  just  when  the  sap 
is  on  the  move  and  is  carried  out  by  cutting  the 
scion  obliquely  for  about  2ins,,  leaving  a  shoulder 
at  the  beginning  of  the  cut  to  rest  upon  the  top 
of  the  stock.  The  bark  of  the  stock  must  then 
be  cut  down  for  a  similar  distance  and  the  graft 
or  scion  fitted  in,  afterwards  binding  round  with 
raffia  and  covering  with  clay  or  wax  to  exclude 
air  until  the  union  is  completed.  Two  essential 
points  to  bear  in  mind  are  that  the  operation  should 
be  done  with  a  clean  sharp  knife  and  use  broad 
strands  of  bast  evenly  and  firmly  when  binding. 
Success  lies  in  the  nicely  fitting  together  of  stock 
and  scion.  The  trees  to  be  re-grafted  having  been 
headed  back  as  advised  in  a  previous  calendar,  only 
a  few  inches  of  stock  need  be  removed  now  before 
the  operation  is  done. 

The  Flower  Garden. 
The  Hardy  Fernery. — Where  such  exists  the 
present  is  a'good  time  for  a  thorough 
cleaning  and  overhauling^to  be  done 
by  cutting  away^the  old  fronds 
and  clearing  up  >' other  rubbish. 
Where  leaves  have  fallen  and  de- 
cayed they  should  be  pricked  into 
the  soil  and  more  added  if  necessary, 
taking  care  of;,.the  young  fronds 
which,  in  some  cases,  may  be  just 
unfolding.  During  the  summer 
months  the^hardy  fernery  may  form 
quite  one  of  the  most  delightful 
retreats  of  the  garden.  As  a  stroll 
through  the  woodland  portion  of  the 
grounds  may  be  interesting,  equally 
so  may  one  be  where  in  shady 
nooks  and  cool  corners  hardy  Ferns 
are  well  cared  for.  Many  of  the 
beautiful  gardens  of  England  have 
portions  which  would  form  admir- 
able spots  for  ferneries  to  be  made. 
One  of  the  best  hardy  ferneries  I 
know  of  exists  at  Danesbury,  Wel- 
wyn.  This  fernery  is  mentioned 
by  Mr.  Robinson  in  "  The  English 
Flower  Garden,"  and  was,  in  the  first 
instance,  mainly  the  work  of  the  well 
known  landscape  authorities,  Messrs . 
Pulman  and  Sons. 


A   LOW   SUNNY    WALL    CLOTHED    WITH   A   PRETTY   FORM   OF   A 
NATIVE   STONECROP. 


by  growing  close  to  the  glass  and  giving  plenty  of 
air  upon  all  favourable  occasions.  When  a  good 
set  has  been  obtained  on  the  lower  trusses  of  the 
early  batch  some  assistance  should  be  given  the 
plants  by  top-dressing  or  applications  of  manure 
water  several  times  weekly. 


Plants  Under  Glass. 

Chrysanthemums. — Some  will  be 
ready  for  jin.  or  6in.  pots  and  the 
compost  may  be  a  little  stronger 
than  is  necessary  for  those  in  small 
pots.  LTse  two-thirds  good  loam 
and  the  remainder  nice  sweet  leaf- 
soil  ;  a  small  portion  of  spent  Mush- 
room manure  may  be  added  after 
rubbing  it  through  a  lin.  sieve.  To 
each  wheelbarrow-load  of  soil  add  a 
little  wood-ash,  bone-meal,  soot  and 
silver  sand,  .^n  occasional  fumiga- 
ting should  be  given  to  keep  plants 
clean,  and  the  frames  kept  fairly 
close  [for  a  few  days  to  enable  the 
plants  to  get  a  start  in  the  new 
sou.  Cover  the  frames  well  up  on 
cold  nights. 

Malmaison  S. — Old-established 
plants  are  now  growing  freely,  and 
where  well  supplied  with  roots  an 
occasional    stimulant   of    some   ap- 
proved  Carnation  fertiliser  may  be 
given.        Clear    soot-water    is    also 
helpful     for    a     change.        Organic 
manure-water  is  best  avoided.     Air 
should    be    freely    given    and     the 
houses  frequently  fumigated  toward 
off   all    possible     attacks   of  aphis. 
From   among  the  many  varieties  I 
think    Duchess    of    Westminster    is    one    of    the 
most   profitable   kinds   to  grow   in  quantity. 
H.   Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albury   Park   Gardens,   Guildford. 


I- 


Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Grafting. — Of  the  several  methods  of  carrying 
out  this  operation  that  known  as  crown  or  rind 
grafting  is,  perhaps,  the  most  suitable  for  medium 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 
Celery.- — For 'main  "crop  purposes   a  sowing  of 
reliable  sorts  must  now  be  made.     Choose  varieties 


154 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  26,  1921. 


of  robust  constitution.  For  a  red  variety  we  find 
Standard  Bearer  hard  to  beat,  while  Wright's 
Grove  White  is  also  one  of  the  best,  being  crisp 
and  of  good  flavour.  Sow  the  seed  thinly  in  boxes 
of  fine  soil  and  place  in  gentle  heat.  Seedlings 
from  the  early  sowing  should  now  be  ready  for 
pricking  out  in  boxes  or  hotbeds.  Aim  at  sturdy 
growth  and  keep  the  seedlings  as  near  the  glass 
as  possible,  giving  free  ventilation  as  weather 
allows. 

Broad  Beans. — A  good  sowing  of  these  should 
again  be  made,  using  the  Longpod  varieties. 

Peas. — Further  sowings  of  Marrowfats  should 
be  made,  still  using  early  sorts;  Gradus  and 
William  I  Improved,  while  Early' Morn  should 
be  sown  a  week  or  two  later,  as  this  Pea, 
although  of  quick  growth,  is  rather  partial  Tto  a 
warm  situation  and  comes  away  better  if  not 
sown  too  early.  ^^ 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Raspberries. — Canes  that  have  been  recently 
planted  should  now  be  cut  down  to  within  6ins. 
of  the  ground  so  that  strong  growths  may  be 
assured  for  next  year's  fruiting.  If  the  newlv 
planted  cane  is  left  full  length  the  results  wiU  be 
disappointing,  as  the  plant  has  not  the  necessary 
vigour  to  perfect  its  fruit  and  produce  strong 
canes  at  the  same  time.  Old  canes  tied  to  wires 
or  stakes  may  now  be  tipped  back  a  few  inches. 

Strawberries.— Where  spring  planting  is 
favoured  new  plantations  of  these  may  now  be 
made.  It  is  essential  that  the  ground'be  in  good 
heart,  and  if  weU  trenched  and  manured  during  the 
autumn  it  should  now  (break  down  freely  and 
the  plants  have  little  difficultv  in  establishing 
themselves.  Runners  that  were  planted  in  frames 
or  reserve  borders  for  this  purpose  will  now  be 
starting  into  growth,  so  should  be  carefuUv  lifted 


and  transferred  to  the  new  ground,  planting  in 
rows  2ft.  apart  and  allowing  15  ins.  between  the 
plants  in  the  rows. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Abutilons. — Cuttings  of  these  root  readily  now, 
and  are  well  worth  growing  for  decorative  pur- 
poses. By  judicious  pinching  and  by  keeping 
the  plants  when  in  a  young  state  near  the  glass 
nice  bushy  specimens  may  be  had. 

Achimenes.- — Start  the  tubers  of  these  showy 
subjects  in  a  warm  house,  afterwards  moving 
into  cooler  quarters  Of  easy  cultivation,  Achimenes 
have  become  exceedingly  popular  owing  to  the 
remarkably  fine  varieties  now  obtainable.  They 
are  splendid  for  grouping  in  the  conservatory, 
while  for  hanging  baskets  they  are  invaluable. 
When  potting  up  use  a  fair  percentage  of  sandy 
peat,  and  when  in  the  growing  stage  spray 
occasionally. 

Half-hardy  Annuals.— Sowings  of  Stocks, 
Asters.  Phlox  Drummondii,  Zinnias  and  Verbenas 
should  now  be  made  in  gentle  heat.  After  germi- 
nation takes  place  keep  the  seed-boxes  near  the 
glass  so  that  the  seedlings  may  be  dwarf  and 
sturdy  before  pricking  out  into  frames. 

The  Frame  Ground. — All  frames  likely  to  be 
used  wl  en  pricking  out  seedlings  should  be 
cleared  of  the  old  soil  and  fresh  material  added, 
so  that  everything  may  be  in  readiness  to  cope 
with  the  pressure  of  work  during  April.  On  fine 
days  pull  the  sashes  off  the  cutting  frames  of  such 
things  as  Violas,  Pentstemons  and  Antirrhinums 
so  that  they  may  be  thoroughly  hardened  before 
the  planting  out  period  arrives. 

James  McGran 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Heru-y  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 
Coodham,    Ktlmrrrock. 


IDEAL    DELPHINIUMS 


The 


Desire  for   a   Perfect   Blue. 
Urged  to  Achieve- 


The    Colours 
-and  Avoid 


Raisers    are 


Ni 


R.  W.  E.  ARNOLD -FORSTER  is 
right  (see  page  106  The  Garden, 
February  26)  ;  at  any  rate,  he  is 
well  on  the  right  track  when  he  calls 
for  clear,  effective  colours  and  well 
spaced  flowers  in  the  modern  Delphinium.  Going 
back  in  mind  many  years,  it  seems  to  me  that  the 
writer  was  quite  right  in  his  summing  up  against 
those  mauve  and  dull  purple  tones  which  seem  to 
increase  in  number  year  by  year. 

In  the  old  days,  when  I  was  engaged  in  handling 
large  numbers  of  seedlings  each  season,  the  bulk 
of  the  varieties  flowering  were  decided  blues — 
light  blues,  medium  blues,  dark  blues,  and  dark 
blues  that  merged  into  violet,  and  unless  there 
were  occasional  varieties  which  called  for  a 
separate  description  as  being  well  above  the 
average,  practically  the  whole  number  could  be 
readily  graded  under  the  shades  of  blue  as 
described. 

I  am  perfectly  clear  that  for  size  of  individual 
blossom  these  old  forms  were  far  inferior  to  the 
best  products  of  the  present  day,  but  the  colouring 
was  there  ! 

To  my  mind  the  whole  question  of  Delphinium 
colourings  wants  the  most  careful  attention 
from  an  enthusiast  who  not  only  has  the  time, 
but  also  the  necessary  keen  eye  for  colour  and 
sufficient  descriptive  power  in  his  pen  to  enable 
others  to  see  clearly  as  to  the  colour  values  which 
he  describes. 

There  are  some  varieties  described  as  purples 
which  are  intense  violets,  and  vice  versa  ;  even 
the  redoubtable  King  of  Delphiniums  is  sometimes 
described  as  a  Gentian  blue,  without  any  reference 
to  the  deep  violet  colouring  which  covers  the 
major  portion  of  the  petals. 

Mr.  Amos  Perry,  with  his  big  collection,  may 
perhaps,  one  of  these  days,  give  the  Delphinium 
world   a  lead  by  grading   the  best   varieties  into 


sections  and  eliminating  those  close-spiked  varieties 
(which  Mr.  Arnold-Forster  so  deplores)  altogether. 
Those  of  us  who  love  Delphiniums  and  endeavour 
to  grow  varieties  which  shall  please  our  clients 
generally  would  welcome  the  obliteration  of 
the  forms  which  carry  those  densely-crowded 
spikes  of  blossom. 

I  am  not  setting  up  any  attempt  to  be  dicta- 
torial as  to  the  selection  of  varieties,  but  would 
rather  endeavour  to  further  the  idea  that  only 
the  most  beautiful  forms  are  worthy  of  extended 
planting.  Further,  I  would  heartily  commend 
to  all  readers  the  supreme  importance  of  the 
Delphiniums  of  the  improved  Belladonna  type. 
These  are  ideal  for  both  large  and  small  gardens, 
splendid  for  bedding  purposes,  invaluable  for 
cutting,  and  of  exceptional  beauty  in  all  open 
positions.  Take,  for  example,  Belladonna  semi- 
plena,  perhaps  the  loveliest  bedding  Delphinium 
of  all ;  Lamartine,  with  its  intense  deep  colouring  ; 
Persimmon,  the  ever-useful  pale  blue  which  is 
so  very  free  ;  JIusis  Sacrum,  which,  with  its  loose, 
branching  spikes  of  delightful  soft  blue,  makes 
a  pretty  variety  for  grouping  ;  Belladonna  grandi- 
flora.  a  delightful  old  friend  when  well  grown  ; 
Moerheimi,  the  loveliest  white  we  have  yet  and  a 
delightful  contrast  plant ;  Mrs.  Thompson,  a 
rather  taller  form  with  Cambridge  blue  blossoms 
with  bronzy  bee  centres ;  and  the  delightful 
Tlieodore,  which  calls  for  more  than  a  passing 
notice  by  reason  of  its  brilliant  Gentian  blue 
colouring — a  set  which  would  charm  any  flower- 
lover  with  their  exquisite  beauty. 

Spring  planting  is  often  more  satisfactory  for 
Delphiniums  than  autumn  or  winter,  especially 
if  the  soil  is  of  a  heavy  character.  At  this  season 
of  the  year  the  beds  or  borders  can  be  brought 
to  a  good  condition  for  planting,  and  the  plants 
go  right  away  strongly  without  a  check.  Propa- 
gation  at   this   season   is   easy,    and   from   plants 


divided  now  and  planted  out  in  April  one  can 
generally  secure  the  very  finest  spikes.  In  the 
past  it  has  invariably  been  our  custom  to  secure 
the  best  exhibition  spikes  from  young  April 
planted  stock.  If  one  is  going  to  split  the  crowns 
and  plant  direct  March  is  a  good  season. 

As  the  Delphiniums  are  free-feeding  plants 
a  good  dressing  of  decayed  manure  witli  a  modicum 
of  grit  and  leaf-soil  will  provide  a  splendid  rooting 
medium  when  incorporated  with  the  soil. 

For  securing  a  long  continued  display  of  flowers 
all  jpikes  as  they  fade  should  be  removed  from 
the  plants  and  no  seed  allowed  to  form  ;  by  so 
doing,  new  spikes  are  quickly  pushed  up  and  the 
season  thus  greatly  prolonged.      P.  S.  Havward. 


Messrs.  Blackmore  and  Langdon  tell  us 
(page  124)  that  they  have  been  "  working  for 
many  years  to  obtain  Delphiniums  pure  blue 
in  colour."  Now,  it  may  seem  brutal  to  express 
a  devout  hope  that  they  may  never  succeed  ; 
but  I  trust  I  may  be  acquitted  of  discourtesy  in 
cherishing  that  hope  if  I  explain  that  I  mean 
"  pure  blue  "  in  the  sense  used  by  artists.  There 
is  only  one  hardy  plant  known  to  me  that  bears 
flowers  in  which  no  colour  rays  but  blue  can  be 
detected,  namely.  Salvia  patens,  and  I  think 
most  people  will  agree  that  Delphiniums  of  that 
violent  hue  would  be  an  eyesore.  The  corolla  of 
Belladonna,  loveliest  of  Larkspurs,  is  far  from 
being  pure  blue ;  like  the  pigment  cobalt,  it 
reflects  an  appreciable  tinge  of  yellow,  with  a 
trace  of  red  to  check  the  formation  of  green. 
The  effect  of  pure  blue,  in  the  strict  sense  of  none 
but  blue  rays  being  reflected  or  transmitted,  is 
always  "  criard  "  (there  is  no  exact  English  equi- 
valent to  the  French  term),  whether  in  painting, 
textiles  or  anything  else.  We  talk  of  a  blue  sky, 
but  any  water-colour  painter  knows  that  to 
obtain  the  effect  it  is  necessary  to  break  the  pure 
pigment  with  yellow  ochre,  light  red  or  other 
equivalent.  So  in  the  light  reflected  from  blue 
flowers,  even  tliose  of  Gentiana  verna,  a  trained 
eye  is  sensible  of  some  admixture  of  red  or  yellow, 
or  both. 

While,  therefore,  wishing  Messrs.  Blackmore 
and  Langdon  all  success  in  the  production  of  a 
good  blue  strain  of  Delphinium,  I  trust  they  will 
stop  short  of  achieving  a  pure — that  is,  an  un- 
mitigated— blue. 

Mnnreith.  Herbert  Maxwell. 


I  WAS  very  glad  to  see  Messrs.  Blackmore  and 
Langdon's  article  on  page  124  in  reply  to  a  note 
of  mine  on  Delphiniums.  It  is  good  to  know 
that  these  famous  growers  are  so  keen  to  raise 
Delphiniums  of  just  the  type  I  ventured  to  indicate 
as  an  Ideal ;  and  indeed  I  did  not  need  to  be  assured 
of  this,  for  in  past  years  I  have  more  than  once 
had  the  pleasure  of  discussing  this  point  mth  the 
firm's  representative  at  R.H.S.  shows.  Of  the 
varieties  recommended  in  the  article,  the  magnifi- 
cent Millicent  Blackmore  is  at  present  unfortunately 
too  costly  for  me  (30s.).  As  for  the  others,  which 
are  recommended  as  being  truly  blue,  it  is  most 
valuable  to  have  such  a  list.  Colonel  Douglas  is 
a  splendid  sort,  which  I  know  and  am  growing. 
Of  the  rest,  three  I  do  not  know  and  will  get  as 
soon  as  possible.  Messrs.  Blackmore  and  Langdon 
say  they  will  welcome  the  good  pink  Delphinium 
when  it  comes.  Yes,  of  course,  so  shall  I ;  and  I  ha\  e 
never  suggested  that  we  could  afford  to  do  without 
the  fine  purple  and  lilac  ones  that  we  have  got. 
In  their  distinctive  ways  no  Delphiniums  could  be 
much  more  splendid  than  the  Alake  and  Staluaiie 
Rude  (and  its  successors)  as  exhibited  by  Messrs. 
Blackmore.  But  I  maintain  that  a  really  pure 
blue  of  perfect  habit  and  constitution  is — or  was 
till  lately — more  urgently  needed  for  ordinary 
garden  decoration,  and  is  an  even  more  desirable 


March  26,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


155 


objective,  I  was  very  glad  to  see  that  Mr.  E.  H. 
Jenkins,  in  his  article  on  page  125,  in  eiiect  supports 
this  view.  I  note,  too,  that  he  shares  my  feeling 
about  varieties  like  Sir  Douglas  Haig.  Messrs. 
Blackmore  and  Langdon  speak  of  this  in  their 
catalogue  as  "  the  finest  Delphinium  yet  seen  "  ; 
whereas  to  Mr.  Jenkins,  as  to  myself,  it  seems  merely 
"  obese,"  with  a  certain  stateliness  no  doubt,  but 
hardly  worth  a  place  beside  the  Alake.  Someone, 
I  suppose,  mil  say  to  this,  "  de  gustibus  non  est 
disputaudum."  There  is  room  for  all  sorts  of 
tastes,  yet  I  believe  that  even  in  forming  a  judg- 
ment as  to  the  idea!  form  of  a  Delphinium  spike 
one  can,  to  some  extent,  be  guided  half  subcon- 
sciously by  a  great  natural  law  of  design.  In 
nature's  designing  the  repetition  of  similar  shapes 
in  diminishing  sizes  is  a  frequent  device  which 
certainly  produces  an  aesthetic  pleasure,  and  human 


artists  recognise  this  as  a  principle  of  design.  In  a 
Delphinium  spike  in  which  the  separate  flowers  are 
all  merged  one  into  the  other,  the  beauty  of  the 
repetition  is  almost  lost.  So,  too,  as  regards  colour. 
It  seems  to  be  no  mere  accident  of  "  taste"  that 
leads  the  majority  of  people  to  prefer  a  pure  blue 
colour  to  the  colour  violet  ;  some  real  physiological 
law  accounts  for  the  fact  that  violet  or  violet  blue 
is  in  itself  less  stimulating,  though  it  is,  of  course, 
a  truism  to  say  that  many  delightful  flowers  aie 
coloured  violet.  But  blaze  away,  you  magicians  who 
make  Delphiniunrs,  Give  us  pink  ones  by  all 
means,  and  hybrids  of  the  yellow  and  the  scarlet 
species.  And  do  not  forget  to  make  some  more 
August-fiowering  hybrids  (with  the  help  of  D. 
vestitum?).  They  will  all  be  welcome,  all  the 
good  ones.  And,  as  someone  was  saying,  "  de 
gustibus.     .     .     ."        W.   E.   Arnold-Forster. 


CORRESPONDENCE 

A    FLORIFEROUS     BLACKTHORN.  sold  at  that  price  is  Dominion,  of  which  I  am  the 

nPHE  beautiful    double-flowering   variety   of  our  raiser,   perhaps  I  may  be  allowed  to  make  some 

hedgerow  Sloe.  Prunus  spinosa  flore-pleno,  is  reply  (I   have  no  pecuniary  interest  in  Dominion 

worthy   of   much  more  attention  in  our  gardens.  whatever).     I    know   many   who   have   bought   it 

Blooming  during  March  and  early  April,  it  forms  a  during  the  last  two  years,  and  most  of  them  are 


combination  with  the  Dominion  qualities — and 
this  is  not  very  likely.  Hence  the  "pedigree" 
value  of  Dominion  is  difficult  to  estimate,  and 
on  that  ground  alone  it  is  probably  worth  far 
more  than  £5,  which,  in  view  of  the  demand, 
is  only  possible  owing  to  its  good  rate  of  increase. 
Compare  the  £50  for  DaffodU  Peter  Barr,  or  a 
thousand  guineas  for  a  pedigree  buU  where  the 
rate  of  increase  is  slower  and  more  uncertain. 
Pedigree  value,  however,  is  a  matter  for  experts, 
but  the  cost  of  production  may  be  estimated 
directly  and  can  be  appreciated  by  all.  I  wonder 
if  Mr,  Arnold-Forster  realises  the  cost  of  producing 
first-class  novelties.  There  is  no  magic  about 
it ;  new  varieties  may  be  obtained  by  anyone 
who  takes  the  trouble  to  collect  and  sow  seed, 
but  to  produce  novelties  of  exceptional  merit 
requires  (like  everything  else  of  high  quality) 
the  exercise  of  intelligence  and  imagination  and 
much  patient  labour.  It  is  notorious  that  no  one 
has  ever  made  a  living  out  of  raising  novelties 
alone,  seldom  indeed  recovering  out-of-pocket 
expenses,  and  for  my  part  I  do  not  see  that  there 
is  any  "  honourable  tradition"  or  "  good  form" 
in  paying  prices  for  novelties  which  do  not  provide 
a  living  wage  for  those  who  produce  them. 
Why  should  raisers  of  new  flowers  alone  be 
expected  to  give  their  work  for  nothing  ?  They 
have  no  protection  and  cannot  "patent"  their 
productions,  and  what  they  receive 
depends  ultimately  on  the  prices  at 
which  the  novelties  are  sold.  It  is 
true  that  the  best  work  is  seldom  pro- 
duced for  gain  and  most  breeders  of 
flowers  have  worked  mainly  for  their 
own  interest  and  pleasure ;  but  com- 
paratively few  are  in  a  position  to  do 
so,  and  the  result  is  both  that  the 
possibilities  of  breeding  are  greatly 
limited,  and  that  many  novelties  of 
second-rate  quality  are  sent  out.  A 
good  example  is  provided  in  the  earlier 
part  of  Mr.  Arnold-Forster' s  article, 
where  he  notes  the  prevalence  of  purples 
and  violets  in  Delphiniums,  This  is  to 
be  seen  in  many  other  flowers  also,  and 
the  reason  is  simply  that  these  are 
generally  the  easiest  to  obtain,  and  if 
people  do  not  pay  a  fair  price  for  the 
best  work — they  will  get  just  what 
they  pay  for.  With  higher  prices 
breeders  would  "  scrap  "  more  severely 
and  send  out  only  their  very  best. 
And  if  this  applies  to  flowers,  which 
are  interesting  in  themselves,  how  much 
more  does  it  apply  to  improvements 
in  fruits,  vegetables  and  economic  plants. 
If  we  wish  to  keep  our  cotmtry  in  the 
honourable  position  which  it  holds  in 
the  forefront  of  progress  we  must  give 
due  encouragement  to  the  best  work. 
— A.  J.   Bliss 


THE    DOUBLE-FLOWERED  BL.\CKTHORN    RETAINS    ITS    FULL     BEAUTY    MUCH    LONGER    THAN 

THE    COMMON    FORM. 


large  bushy  shrub  which  thrives  in  most  soils  and 
opdi  positio.is.  Bushes  covered  with  masses  of 
the  do  jble  white  blossoms  are  very  attractive,  last- 
ing in  beauty  lo.rger  than  the  single-flowered  form. 
One  of  the  best  positiois  for  the  doible  SI03  is 
by  tlie  water-si le,  so  pleasingly  depicted  in  the 
illustration, — Q. 

THE    PRICES    OF    NEW    PLANTS. 

]y[R,  W.  E.  ARNOLD-FORSTER  in  his  article 
in  The  Garden  of  February  26  refers  to  the 
prices  of  "  novelties,"  using  hard  words  which 
are  unjustified  and  unfounded,  .\s  he  mentions 
in  particular  an  Iris  sold  at  £5,  and  the  only  Iris 


not  rich^people.  There  is  no  question  of  snobbery 
or  "  bad  form"  ;  it  is  simplj'  a  question  of 
whether  a  novelty  is  worth  the  price  asked  for 
it  or  not.  The  value  of  a  novelty  is  most  fairly 
measured  by  the  cost  of  its  production,  and  by 
its  capacity  for  producing  descendants  of  excep- 
tional merit — -its  pedigree  value.  Dominion  was 
quite  a  new  break,  and  from  the  seedlings  already 
obtained  from  it,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that 
it  must  be  the  foundation  of  the  Irises  of  the 
future  ;  that  is,  no  Iris  will  be  able  to  hold  its 
own  against  varieties  of  Dominion  ancestry, 
except  such  as  possess  some  special  character 
that   it   may   be   found   impossible    to   obtain   in 


THE  EDZELL  BLUE  POTATO. 

T  AST  summer  (so  called)  in  this  dis- 
trict— -mid  Wales,  near  the  sea — we 
had  the  worst  sample  of  weather  for  gardening  I 
have  ever  known.  From  the  beginning  of  December 
till  quite  late  in  the  summer  it  rained  almost  con- 
tinuously. In  consequence,  everything  rottable 
duly  rotted.  The  Apple  trees  turned  black,  as 
if  they  had  been  scorched  by  fire,  and  all  the 
blossom  perished.  The  Tulips  and  Magnolias 
and  such-like  spring  flowers  turned  brown  and 
never  opened.  Until  the  end  of  February  I  had 
not  a  Potato  that  was  really  worth  eating  ;  they 
were  all  wet  and  flabby.  But  now — at  last — we  are 
eating  one  that  comes  near  perfection.  Con- 
sidering what  they  had  to  go  through,  it  is  a  great 
achievement.     The   Potato   is   Edzell   Blue — crisp 


156 


THE    GARDEN. 


[March  26,  1921. 


'pHE 


and  floury  and  just  a  treat.  I  have  never  grown 
them  before,  so  do  not  know  how  they  generally 
turn  out  ;  but  I  should  like  to  draw  attention 
to  their  merits,  when'all  my  other  Potatoes  failed 
dismally. — A.  H.  Upcher,   Merioneth. 

EARLY     FLOWERS     AND      THE     MILD 
SEASON. 

A  FEW  flowers  of  Prunus  Pissardii  were  open  here 
at  the  end  of  January.  The  blossom  was  at 
its  best  about  February  22nd.  I  think  I  have  seen 
this  Prunus  in  flower  at  Exmouth  several  times 
about  the  second  week  in  February. — E.  C.  Buxton, 
Betlws-y-Coed. 

paragraph  in  your  "  Correspondence " 
column  for  March  12  regarding  the  early 
flowering  of  the  Persian  Plum  is  very  interesting. 
About  fifteen  years  ago  I  planted  a  fine  specimen 
of  Prunus  Pissardii  in  the  garden  of  Kirkmaiden 
Manse  (sent  to  me  by  one  of  my  kindest  friends, 
the  late  William  Paul  of  Waltham  Cross),  which 
usually  flowered,  when  the  season  was  propitious, 
in  the  beginning  of  March.  It  was  occasionally 
successful  in  forming  its  fruit  to  a  limited  extent, 
but  owing  perhaps  to  their  black  complexion, 
which  manifestly  induced  the  birds  to  suppose 
that  they  were  ripe,  the  embryonic  Plums  were 
invariably  (to  my  great  sorrow)  plucked  off  before 
they  were  half  grown.  If  my  memory  is  not  at 
fault,  a  Highland  chieftain  in  Morayshire  wrote 
to  me  about  thirteen  years  ago  that  the  fruits  of 
Prunus  Pissardii  developed  to  their  full  extent  and 
adequately  ripened  in  his  garden.  Even  without 
the  artistic  influence  of  its  graceful  blossoms,  the 
Persian  Plum,  by  virtue  of  its  beautiful  chocolate 
foliage,  is  highly  ornamental. — David  R. 
Williamson. 

THE     SIZE     OF     YEW     TREES. 

TN  your  issue  dated  February  19,  page  86,  there 
appears  a  letter  from  Mr.  T.  W.  Briscoe  drawing 
attention  to  a  Yew  r2ft.  in  circumference.  Bain 
in  his  book  refers  to  a  Yew  r7ft.  in  circumference. 
Mr.  Briscoe  may  be  interested  to  know  that  there 
is  an  ancient  Yew  in  a  hedge  here  which  measures 
19ft.  loins.,  4ft.  from  the  base.  As  it  stands  in  a 
bank  the  circumference  at  the  base  cannot  be 
ascertamed.  The  tree  is  apparently  about  40ft. 
high  and  although  the  spread  on  one  side  has  been 
restrained,  on  the  other  it  is  about  30ft.  This  Yew 
is  not  hollow,  although  some  of  the  branches  in  the 
centre  are  decayed.^SxuART  M.  Samuel  Niitley, 
Sussex. 

TV/TR.  A.  T.  JOHNSON  is  right  in  stating  that 
the  measurements  of  the  Yew  recorded  in 
The  Garden  of  February  rg  are  inferior  to  those 
of  many  other  trees  in  the  country.  Few,  however, 
in  spite  of  their  recuperative  power,  have  seen 
"  a  thousand  years  of  gloom."  The  late  Sir  R. 
Christison  established  by  the  measurement  of 
trees  of  known  age  and  by  measurement  of  increased 
girth  at  a  fixed  point  at  stated  periods  that  the 
average  rate  of  growth  in  the  trunk  of  a  Yew  is 
I  foot  of  diameter  in  seventy-five  years,  and  this 
rate  is  sometimes  exceeded.  Dr.  John  Lowe 
in  his  comprehensive  book  entitled  "  The  Yew 
Trees  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland "  gives  the 
measurements  of  a  very  large  number,  but  in  the 
whole  of  England  and  Wales  he  only  records 
thirty-two  trees  with  trunks  10  feet  in  diameter, 
which  gives  an  age  of  750  years.  In  Hambledon 
Churchyard,  not  far  from  Godalming,  there  is  a 
Yew  which  measured  39  feet  round  at  3  feet  from 
the  ground  in  January,  1895,  so  here  we  may  be 
face  to  face  with  a  living  tree  one  thousand  years 
of  age.  Mr.  A.  T.  Johnson^  adds  that  "  when 
Yews  die,  they  die  young,  as  one  may  see  in  almost 
any  wood  where  the  species  abounds  in  a  natural 
state,"  but  1  do  not  think  the  Yew  can  be  regarded 


as  a  forest  tree  or  one  which  grows  when  over- 
shadowed by  those  of  more  rapid  growth.  It 
loves  an  open  station  on  the  steep  hillside,  and 
wherever  the  chalk  crops  up  all  along  the  ancient 
and  romantic  Pilgrims'  Way,  which  ran  from 
Canterbury  to  Winchester,  venerable  specimens 
may  be  seen,  and  near  them  their  young  seedlings 
are  springing  up.  Some  of  the  finest  specimens 
are  to  be  found  at  Newland's  Comer,  near  Guildford, 
and  on  Box  Hill,  where  the  Yews  grow  by  the  side 
of  the  Box  trees.  It  is  thought  by  many  that  this 
is  the  only  natural  station  of  these  last-named 
trees  in  England.  Reference  has  been  made 
recently  in  The  Garden  to  the  unpleasant  aroma 
of  the  Pox  trees,  and  it  is  interesting  to  find  that 
this  was  noted  by  Evelyn,  who  writes  of  them 
"  as  giving  their  name  to  the  chalky  hiU,  whither 
ladies  and  gentleman  often  resort  during  the  heat 
of  summer  to  wallc,  collation  and  divert  themselves 
into  those  antilox  natural  alleys  and  shady  recesses 
among  the  Box  trees,  without  taking  any  such 
offence  at  Ihe  smell  which  has  of  late  banished  it 
from  our  groves  and  gardens."  To  return  to  the 
Yew  trees,  I  know  of  no  more  delightful  recreation 
than  to  take  note  of  some  of  the  famous  Yews 
mentioned  in  Dr.  Lowe's  book,  which  may  be  found 
in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Library, 
and  then  make  pious  pilgrimage  to  some  vener- 
able tree  with  tape  measure  and  camera.  In 
conclusion,  I  venture  to  think  that  the  following 
list  of  Yew  trees  recorded  in  Dr.  Lowe's 
finely  illustrated  work  will  be  of  interest.  A 
large  number  of  those  over  18ft.  in  girth  and 
under  30ft.  are  described  :  PantiUydw,  Carnarvon, 
girth  of  trunk  30ft.  at  the  ground  ;  Bettws  Newydd, 
Carnarvon,  30ft.  6ins.  at  the  ground,  1877  ;  South 
Hayling,  Hants,  32ft.,  3ft.  from  ground,  1896 ; 
Ulcombe,  Kent,  35ft.,  3ft.  from  ground,  1889  ; 
Leeds,  Kent,  32ft.  6ins.,  3ft.  from  ground,  a  mere 
shell  1892  ;  Buckland,  Dover,  Kent,  22ft.  (struck 
by  lightning  in  1774,  removed  60ft.  in  1880,  still 
flourishing  192 1)  ;  Mamhilad,  Monmouth, 
30ft.  gins.,  i8g5  ;  Goytree,  Monmouth,  32ft.  4ins, 
at  ground ;  Llanfoist,  Monmouth,  22ft.,  4ft. 
from  ground  ;  Anlcenvyke,  Middlesex,  30ft.  gins., 
7ft.  from  ground,  1894  ;  Dinder,  Somerset,  3ifi..  , 
Trentham,  Stafford,  33ft.  4ins.  at  ground ; 
Hambledon,  Surrey,  39ft.,  3ft.  from  ground 
(trunk  hollow)  ;  Tandridge,  Surrey,  30ft.  4ins.  ; 
Crowhurst,  Surrey,  31ft.  8ins.,  4ft.  from  ground, 
1890  ;  Cold  Waltham,  Sussex,  3rft.  3ins.  ;  Buxted, 
Sussex,  39ft.,  3ft.  from  ground  (a  noble  tree)  ; 
Crowhurst,  Sussex,  zgft.,  4ft.  from  ground ; 
Longleat,  Wilts,  3rft.  ;  Tisbury,  Wilts,  one 
37ft.  (nine  persons  could  stand  inside  in  i8g2) 
and  another  30ft.  6ins.  ;  Yewdale,  Westmorland, 
26ft.  2ins.,  2ft.  from  ground ;  Kyre  Park, 
Worcestershire,  one  30ft.  at  ground  (24ft.,  5ft. 
from  ground)  and  another  36ft.  at  ground  (32ft., 
5ft.  from  ground).  It  is  interesting,  too,  to  note 
that  the  Cypress  planted  at  Chartreux  by  Michel- 
angelo was  13ft.  in  girth  in  1817,  which  gives  an 
average  rate  of  growth  of  over  4ft.  diameter 
in  the  first  three  centuries,  or  ift.  in  6g.7  years, 
which  is  perhaps  slightly  more  rapid  than  that  of 
the  Yew.  There  is  also  a  tree  at  Hambledon. 
Hants,  i8ft.  round,  3ft.  from  ground,  which  must 
not  be  confused  with  the  giant  tree  at  Hambledon, 
Surrey.  Loudon  records  one  which  in  1836  grew 
at  Hampstead  Marshall  and  measured  47ft.  at  the 
ground  and  37ft.  round  at  3ft. — H.  H.  Warner, 
Hoddesdon,  Herts. 

THE     HARDINESS      OF     HABRANTHUS 
PRATENSIS. 

nPHERE  can  be  no  question  about  the  hardiness 
of  this  elegant  Chilian  native.  Mr.  Elliott  has 
done  well  to  draw  attention  to  the  fact  for  the  plant 
is  one  which  would  become  very  popular  if  its  merits 
were  only  known.     Few  of  oirr  garden  plants  can 


rival  it  for  gorgeous  colour,  and,  certainly,  none  can 
approach  it  during  its  flowering  season  in  late  June 
or  early  Jidy.  I  have  grown  it  for  eight  years  in  an 
East  Lothian  garden  entirely  in  the  open  without 
any  form  of  protection.  I  began  with  six  little 
roots,  and  last  season,  when  replanting  in  a  fresh 
position  in  autunui  owing  to  the  old  quarters  getting 
somewhat  crowded,  I  put  in  over  150  bulbs.  It  is 
rather  difficult  to  know  how  this  beautiful  plant 
has  obtained  a  reputation  in  regard  to  its  tenderness 
that  is  not  deserved.  Some  writers  must  have  had 
but  scant  knowledge  of  its  true  character.  We  all 
know  the  experience  in  regard  to  Tropffiolum 
speciosum  when  it  was  introduced.  It  was  actually 
treated  as  a  stove  plant  I  It  is  now  a  veritable  weed 
in  some  of  the  coldest  districts  of  the  Scottish 
Highlands. — George  M.  Taylor,   Edinburgh. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— TAe  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  THE  Gakden  helpful  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  uhat  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  wakes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C'.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  /lotcering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

CROCUSES  UNSATISFACTORY  (W.  F.,  ComwaU).— 
We  do  not  know  what  can  be  altectinc  the  Crocuses. 
We  have  not  met  with  the  trouble  ourseh'es,  and, 
unfortunately,  when  the  flowers  sent  reached  us  they 
were  a  mass  of  rottenness. 

JULY-FLOWEBINO  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  (D.  M.  V., 
Surrey). — For  the  month  named  our  correspondent  has 
the  choice  of  the  whole  range  of  the  Larkspurs  (Del- 
phinium), a  tribe  wondrously  rich  in  clear  Gentian  blues, 
sky  blues,  lavender,  mauve,  violet  and  purple;  enough, 
indeed,  to  satisfy  tastes  oJ  a  very  diverse  order.  Lizzie 
Van  Veen,  conspicua.  Rev.  S.  Lascelles,  King  of  Del- 
phiniums, Duke  of  Connaught,  Lamartine,  Mrs.  J.  S. 
Brunton,  Queen  Mary,  Mrs.  A.  J.  Watson,  Robert  Cox, 
True  Blue,  The  Alake  and  Persimmon  are  a  selection  of 
good  things  that  will  hardly  fail  to  please  even  the  most 
fastidious.  They  are  well  suited,  too,  to  light  sandy  soil, 
though  it  should  be  of  good  depth  and  rich.  They  may 
be  planted  forthwith,.  See  our  special  article  on  these, 
page  125.  A  dressing  of  Wakeley's  Hop  Manure  is  bene- 
ficial to  these  and  kindred  subjects  and  is,  in  fact,  a 
reliable  substitute  for  stable  manure  in  all  cases. 
Phloxes,  too,  are  very  good,  though  in  the  soil 
named  thev  would  have  to  be  generously  catered  for 
in  the  matter  of  watering.  Saturated  twice  a  week, 
these  plants  are  supremely  happy  in  light  soils,  and  being 
of  a  voracious  turn  the  soil  cannot  be  made  too  rich. 
July  just  misses  the  wealth  of  Bearded  Irises  and  the 
waving  masses  of  the  Pyrethrums,  though  the  Japanese 
Flags  (Iris  Eiempferi)  afford  a  feast  of  colour  and  high 
ornament  impossible  to  overestunate.  Rich  and  moist 
soils  are  necessary.  Other  good  things  are  the  Poten- 
tillas,  Gcum  Mrs.  Bradshaw,  Heleniums  pumilum  magnifl- 
cum  and  July  Sun.  Scabiosa  caucasica  Priilc  of  Exmouth 
and  others  of  its  set — these  are  most  valuable — Gaillardias, 
quite  a  host  alone ;  Verbascum  Caledonia,  buff  and  old 
rose;  Achillea  Ptarmica  Perry's  Variety,  Lathyrus 
latifolius  The  Pearl,  any  of  the  Heucheras,  scarlet  Lychnis, 
Alstroemerias,  Galegas  and  Day  LUies,  are  all  July 
flowering  and  invariably  acquit  themselves  well. 


TREES    AND     SHRUBS. 

THE  BEST  KINDS  OF  PIERIS  TO  PLANT  (Felsted).— 
It  by  Andromeda  our  correspondent  means  Pieris,  the  best 
kinds  to  plant  are  P.  floribunda  and  P.  japonica.  They 
require  soil  such  as  is  needed  for  Rhododendrons. 

FURZE  AND  BROOM  AND  LIME  SOILS  (Felsted).— 
Furze  does  not  give  good  results  on  very  limey  soil.  Broom 
will  grow  in  a  more  limey  soil  than  Furze. 

PRUNING  BUDDLEIAS  (Hants.)— Buddleia  variabilis 
var.  Veitchiana  and  magnifica  should  be  pruned  back  at 
once  to  within  a  few  buds  of  the  base  of  last  year's  shoots. 
The  older  Buddleia  may  be  cut  back  also.  Moderately 
hard  pruning  may  be  followed.  Last  year's  wood  of 
Spirtea  Lindleyana  should  be  cut  back  to  within  about 
four  buds  of  the  base. 

THE  FLOWERS  OF  BUTCHER'S  BROOM  (W.  H.  B., 
Dorset). — Bfale  and  female  flowers  of  Butcher's  Broom 
(Ruscua  aculeatus)  are  produced  by  diflerent  plants. 
By  an  examhiation  of  the  flowers  it  will  be  easy  to  ascertain 
to  which  sex  the  plants  belong.  The  male  flowers  will 
bear  prominent  stamens  and  pollen,  whereas  in  female 
flowers  perfect  stamens  are  absent. 


March  26,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


BEGON  IAS 

In  superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding. 


Doubles,  in  S  colours,  flowers  like  large  Roses  and  Camellias 
DoubleS)  in  mixed  colours,     .,  ,,  ,,        ,,  ,, 

Singles,  in  6  colours,  very  large  fine  shaped  flowers 
Singles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,         ,,         ,,  ,, 


7/-    per  dozen  50  -  per  100 
5  6,,  4-0  -    ,,     ,, 

4/6    ,,        ,,     30/-    ,,     ,, 
3/6   ,,        ,,      24/.    ,,     ,, 


Collection  of  36  large  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15/- 
Send  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations, 
Delphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOW      IS     THE      BEST     TIME     TO      PLANT     DELPHINIUMS. 
We  have  pleasure  in  offering  the  following  Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 
which  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  this  year : — ■ 
Collection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kirds  for    ...     50/- 

Collection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds...  ...         ...     40/- 

Collection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      ...  20/-  and  30/- 

CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

BLACKMORE  &       LANGDON,   BATH. 


WATERERS 

Spring  Specialities 

FOR  ALPINE  GARDENS. 


:ri  RITOtakestheplaceof  Farmyard  Manure 

besides  being  clean  to  handle  and  free  from  smell. 

A  customer  writes  : — 

"  Not  being  able  to  get  stable  manure,  I  used  RITO  with  good  results. 
I  have  already  taken  35  prizes  and  two  specials  at  Flower  Shows.  Shall 
certainly  use  it  again." 

Prices:— 1     cwt.    236,     ^-cwt.    1 2/>,    ^-cwt.    6/9,    14   lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 

SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

Manitfactureil  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Motassine  Company  Ltd.,  22.  Tunnel  Avenue,  Greenwich,  S.E.  10 


for  every  garden 


^fflGHEST  QUALITY  LOWEST  PRICES/ 

J.C.WHEELER&50N.C?, 

Seed  Merchants, 
GLOUCESTER. 


Planting  Calendan 
M  A^J5  H  . 

Conditions  are  now  favourable  for  planting 
ROSES,  ,'BUSH  FRUITS,  LOGANBERRIES, 
LAXTONBERRIES,  and  other  Hybrid  Berries, 
STRAWBERRIES,  HARDY  PERENNIALS,  ROCK 
PLANTS,  HARDY  CLIMBERS,  ORNAMENTAL 

TREES  &  SHRUBS,  RHUBARB.  ASPARAGUS, 

etc. 

We  have  good  stocks  of  all  the  above,  and  shall 
be  pleased  to  send  Illustrated  and  Descriptive 
Catalogues  on  application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks  Obtainable. 


Send    for    Catalogue. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed    Potato    Merchants,   YORK. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

Choice  Saxifrages,  over  70  species  and 
varieties.  Sample  Dozen,  carr.  paid,  10  6 
Send    for    full    list,   containing   many    New    and 

Rare    Plants,    Free. 
FREDK.    G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 

ASHTEAD.     SURREY. 


Forbes'  1921  Catalogue 

Carnations.  Pelargoniums.  Penlstemons. 

Phloxes.  Florists'  Flowers. 

Hardy    Border    Perennials.  Seeds,   etc. 

FREE     ON    APPLICATION. 

JOHN  FORBES  (Hawick)  Limited,  The  King's 

Nurserymen.    Hawick,    Scotland. 


CAU  LI  FLOWER 

DANIELS'     "  MAY     QUEEN." 

The  fastest  growing,  quickest  heading  variety  in 
existence.  Planted  in  .March.  large  white  heads 
may  be  cut  during  May  and  June.  Autumn-sown 
plants.  3/6  per  100;  500  for  16/-;   1.000  for  30'-. 

Carriage  Paid,  with  Cultural  Hints. 

DANIELS  &  SON,  Dept.  G.N.,  Wymondham,  Norfolk. 


Dianthus'furcatus,  dwarf  tufts  with  rose- 
coloured  flowers     .  .  .  .  . .      each 

DIanthus  musaiae,  flowers  rosy  pink,  freely 
produced  above  compact  tufts  of  glaucous 
foliage.     2ins.     April — May        . .       each 
Tunica     Saxifraga,     fl.-pl.,   a    pretty   rock 
plant    with    double    pink    flowers,     ^ft. 
June — September..  ..  ..      each 

Morisia  hypogsea,  yellow  ;     2ins.     April — 
June  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .      each 

Androsace    primuloides,    a    little    known 
variety,  bright  rose  flowers,  quite  distinct 
and  pretty  ;    Jft.     July — August         each 
Androsace  sarmentosa,  rose-flowered,  very 
free,    having   downy    foliage  ;      a    lovely 
species  ;    Wt.     May — July  .  .      each 

Androsace  lanuginosa,  bright  rose  flowers 
with  yellow  eye  and  silvery  grey  foliage  ; 
ift.     June — October         .  .  .  .      each 

Androsace   Leichtlini,  white  flowers  with 

carmine  eye  ;   ift.     June — October    each 

Calandrinia    umbellata,    brilliant   crimson 

flowers,  an  effective  plant  for  hot,  sunny 

positions  ;    Jft.     May — September   each 

Hellchrysum    bellidiodes,   a  gem  for   the 

rock    garden,    snow-white    flowers,    grey 

foliage.     May — September,     ^ft.       each 

Silene  alpestris,  fl.-pl.,  double  white  flowers, 

a  gem  for  the  rock  garden  .  .      each 

Saxifraga  Bathoniensis, large  flowers  borne 

on  long  branching  stems,  deep  crimson 

each 

Saxifraga    sanguinea    superba,    the   best 

red,  very  fine  ..  ..  ..      each 

Hypericum  fragilis,  a  pretty  form,  a  first- 
class    plant    with    rich    golden    flowers  ; 
J  ft.  .  .  .  .  .  .  . .      each 

Saxifraga    oppositifolia,    masses    of    rosy 

purple    flowers    in    March    and    April, 

prefers  a  rather  shady  position    .  .       each 

Ranunculus    amplexicaulis,    large    white 

flowers  ;     ift.     .4pril — June        .  .       each 

Cotyledon  simplicifolia,  light  green  foliage 

and  graceful  racemes  of  golden  flowers, 

very  effective  ;    4ins.     May — July      each 

Saxifraga     marginata,     dwarf,     encrusted 

variety  of  great  beauty,  very  large  white 

flowers,  quite  distinct        ..  ..      each 

Saxifraga    Rocheliana,    compact    rosettes 
with    white    flowers  ;      4ins.        April — 
June  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .      each 

Saxifraga  L.  G.  Godseff,  yellow  flowers, 
borne    singly,    very    early.     February — 
March         .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .      each 

Campanula     Standsfieldii,     a     hybrid     of 
recent     introduction,     blue     flowers     on 
graceful     stems  ;     Jft.       June — .August 

each 
Campanula     hybrida     Meteor,     flowers 
opalescent     white,     showing     soft     blue 
through  the  petals  ;     loins  .  .      each 

Campanula     hybrida     Norman     Grove, 
light  blue  flowers,  very  free,  robust,  fine 
for  edging  ;    6ins.  .  .  .  .      each 

Campanula  hybrida  Chastity,  pure  white, 
very  free  ;    Sins.    .  .  .  .  .  .      each 

Campanula     Hybrida     Abundance,     fine 
lilac  blue,  very  free  .  .  . .      each 

Mimulus  Wargrave  FIreflame,  coppery 
scarlet,  yellow  throat  ;  Jft.  May — 
July  .  .  . .  . .  . .      each 


1/- 

16 

1/- 
9d. 

9d. 

9d. 

9d. 

1/- 

9d. 

9d. 

1/- 

9d. 
9d. 

9d. 

9d. 
9d. 

1/- 

1/6 

II- 
9d. 

1'- 

1/- 

1/- 
1/- 

1/- 

9d. 


There    is    little    that    is    HARDY    and    REALLY 

WORTH  [GROWING  that    is  not  provided  for  in 

our  140  page  Catalogue. 

JOHNWATERER,SONS&GRISP,L'° 


TWYFORD, 


BERKS. 


Also  at  BAGSHOT,  Surrey,  &  LONDON. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  26,   1921, 


CONIFERS  ATTACKED  (G.  H.  P..  Staffs).—  The 
coniferous  shoots  sent  are,  so  far  as  we  can  see  at  the 
present  season,  suffering  from  the  attack  of  aphides  in. 
the  past ;  -^r  possibly  chermes  may  liave  attacked  them. 
It  is  very  difficult  to  be  sure  from  such  specimens  wlien  no 
information  regarding  place  of  growth,  age  of  tree,  general 
symptoms  and  so  on  are  given. 

THE  RHODODENDRON  BUG  (Insignisl.— The  insect 
referred  to  by  our  correspondent  is  doubtless  the  Ehodo- 
dendron  bug.  Stephanitis  rhododendri.  In  England  it 
was  first  seen  at  Fulham  and  has  spread  over  much  of 
the  country  during  the  past  ten  years.  It  possibly 
reached  England  from  Holland,  where  it  is  well  known, 
but  it  is  certainly  not  native  in  Europe.  It  is  apparentlv 
common  in  Japan,  and  Dr.  Hon'ath,  who  first  described 
it  in  1003,  believed  it  to  be  a  Himalayan  insect.  The 
pretty  lacy-winged  files  are  found  on  the  under  sides  of 
the  leaves  in  July  and  lay  their  eggs  along  the  midribs, 
where  the  wounds  made  in  the  skin  in  which  they  deposit 
their  f  gg=  are  readily  seen.  These  eggs  remain  during  winter 
and  hatch  into  curious  spiny  larvie,  which  do  much  damage 
by  sucking  sap.  causing  the  leaves  first  to  become  grey 
and  mottled,  tlien  rusty,  and  finally  brown.  Frobably 
spraying   with   nicotine   and   soap   would   keep   tlie   pest 


in  check  if  applied  about  the  second  week  in  May.  It 
has  recently  found  its  way  into  France  and  Switzerland  ; 
and  there  is  a  related  species.  S.  ]>yrioides.  which  feeds  on 
Azaleas  and  wiiich  may  be  introduced. 

CAMELLIAS  SPORTING  (T.  A.  P..  Sevenoaks).— 
The  changing  of  the  colour  of  the  flowers  or  "  sporting  " 
is  not  at  all  uncommon  among  Camellias,  and  cannot 
be  prevented.  It  is  one  method  of  obtaining  new  varieties. 
Possibly  the  white  varieties  mentioned  by  our  correspon- 
dent were  originally  sports  from  pink  sorts  and  now  tliey 
are  gradually  reverting  back.  The  only  hope  of  saving 
the  white  variety  is  to  graft,  or  insert  as  cuttings,  pieces 
of  the  buslies  wliicli  still  produce  the  desired  white 
blossoms. 


giving  a  trial  to.  many  being  partial  to  it.  It  prefers 
a  light,  warm  soil  to  grow  in;  a  border  which  ha^  been 
heavily  manured  for  a  previous  crop  suiting  its  require- 
ments well.  Let  the  soil  be  deeply  dug.  Plant  in  rows 
12  inches  apart.  The  tubers  should  be  7  inches  apart  in 
the  row  and  planted  3  inches  or  4  inches  deep.  The  end 
of  March  is  a  good  time  to  plant.  The  tubers  are  ready 
for  use  in  autumn  and  remam  available  for  use  during 
winter  and  spring  if  stored  in  sand  in  a  cool  shed  at  the  end 
of  October.  It  is  cooked  in  many  ways,  but  we  like  it 
best  when  parboiled  and  tlien  fried  in  boiled  fat  and 
strained  dry. 


KITCHEN     GARDEN. 

CULTIVATION  OF  THE  CHINESE  ARTICHOKE 
(STACHYS  TUBERIFERA)  Herts.  —  The  tubers  of 
tliis  vegetable  were  introduced  into  England  in  1897, 
Since  then  it  has  been  widely  grown  and  given  a  fair  trial, 
but  it  has  failed  to  make  any  great  headway,  probably 
because  of  its  want  of  bulk  as  a  crop.  As  an  interesting 
item  in  a  ciioice  bill  of  fare  of  vegetables  it  is  well  worth 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  MOSS  ON  PATHS  (Moss).— 
^Ve  have  known  the  ordinary  weed  killers  used  with 
good  effect  for  killing  moss  on  paths,  and  we  have  also 
known  moss  to  be  destroyed  by  the  application  of  salt 
and  by  the  use  of  boiling  water.  It  is  a  good  plan  to 
break  up  the  surface  of  the  path,  rake  off  as  much  moss 
as  possible,  level  off  and  roll,  and  then  apply  the  weed 
killer,  salt  or  boiling  water,  as  tlie  case  may  be. 


^iiiNiinM[i!iiiiiiiiii!iiiiii[iiiiiiiiiini!iiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii[iiiiiii[iiiiii[iiiiii[|||iiiinii[n 


^:m0 


T' 


SEC770KAL 

GAI2DEN  FRAME 

of    ihe    SLADE    FRAME    lies 


ihe     folL 


owing 


^HE      great     value 
important    points  : 

It  is  poitable.  It  can  be  easily  assembled.  It  can  be  extended  to  any  length. 
Il  can  be  quickly  dismantled.  It  is  proof  against  all  forces  of  nature  i  jurious 
to  garden  produce.     It  conserves  the  maximum  quantity  of  natural  heat. 

All    gardens,    allotments    and    small     holdings     will     be    benefited     by     SLADE    FRAMES. 
Don'l   hesitate  to  write  for  Booklet  B. 

j  GET    THIS    BOOK.    "Cultivation    by    Movable    Frames."  I 

I By  HERBERT  COWMCY.  Editor  of  -  THE  GARDEW"     Is.  Post  Free. I 

THE      SLADE      SYNDICATE      LTD. 

Directors;    E.  J.   \V.   SLADE  &   ,\1.  \V.   SLADE 

35.    SURREY    STREET.    STRAND.     LONDON,    W.C.2. 

IMIII 'IMNMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMINM 


PRICES 

Type  A.— Single 
frame,  two  lights, 
size  4  ft.  by  3  ft.  by 
15  in.  by  9  in.,  as 
illustrated. 

£2     9     6 


lIllllllllllllilllllllllrTi 


Type  A.—  Double 
frame,  four  lights, 
size  8  ft.  by  3  ft.  by 
15  in.  by  9  in. 

£4     13     0 


ALL  FRAMES  are 
sent  carriage  forward 
at  consignee's  risk. 


PEA  GUARDS,  GALVANIZED. 

36  ins.  Ions  x  6  ins.  wide.        %  in.  mesh,  8/S  doz. 
1  in.  mesli,  7/6  doz.        (With  2  ends  to  each  dozen.) 

WOVEN  WIRE  WORK. 


Extra  Stout 
12  gaugoi  in 

rolls  of  50  to 
60  feet  by  15 
inches  wide, 
1  inch  square 
mesh,  at  19/6 
per  roll. 


BARBED 
WIRE. 

New  Galvanized  in  h    cwt. 
reels  of  about  220  yds. 

at  42/6  cwt. 
Black   Japanned  in   J  cwt. 
reels   of  about   110    yards, 

at  25/-  cwt. 
Extra  Strong  H  in.  Staples 
for  above,  19/6"for  28  lbs. 


WOOD  FENCING  STAKES. 

2  ins.  X  1^  in.  Creosoted,  pointed  ends. 
5ft.,  12/6;  6  ft.,  1576;  7  ft.,  17/-;  Tift-,  18/6  per  dozen. 


WIRE 

PANELS. 

n 

~      ~        ■/ 

, 

:___:  _r 

FENCING  WIRE. 

In   i  cwt.  coils. 

GaHd.  Single  Strand,  "ll  G.  verY  strong,  50/-  cv 

(aboQt  2,500  ft.  to  1  cwt.) 

GalTd.  Two  Strand  Twisted,  16  O.  52/6  cwt. 

(abont  5,000  ft.  to  1  cwt.) 

ALL    FREE    ON    RAIL, 


Extra  Strong.    8  guage,   Black    Japanned 
6  feet  3  ins.  x  2  feet  3  ins.     3}  in.  sq.  mesh, 
knuckled  round  frame,  33/-  per  doz.  (To- 
day's retail  value,  6/-.) 

ROOFING  FELT. 

Our  "  Hea%-y  "  Sanded  and  Tarred,  in  rolls  45  ft.  .\  3  ft., 
7/9  per  roll. 
Our  "  Durable  "  Pure  Bitumon,  in  rolls  36  ft  x  3  ft 
8/-  per  roll. 
Telephone:    CITY  8994. 


SMITH   &    ELLIS  ^7),  3.   FALCON   STREET,  LONDON,  E.C.1 


AS  P AR AGU  S. 

Strong    three    year    old    roots. 

Gonnover's  Colossal  20/-  per  100 

Carriage  extra.         Now  ready.         Stock  very  scarce. 

DOBBIE  &  GO.  LTD.,  Nurserymen,  Edinburgh. 


YOU    SHOULD    BUY    THIS    GOVERNMENT    NETTING.       | 

Prices  40  per  cent,  under  cost.     All  NEW  and  Heavily  Black  Japanned.     (Look  at  the  Gauges.) 

BECAUSE  ;tfter  present  stocks  are  exhausted  it  is  impossible  to  repeat  orders  for  Black  Japanned  Xetting 

In   rolls  of  full  150  feet. 
36  ins.  X  3  in.  X  19  G.     36  ins.  x  1  in.  x  18  G  &  19  G.     36  ins.  x  1^  ins.  x  17  G.  &  18  G.       42  ins.  x  l^ins  x  18  G  &  19  G 

Ml        36/.  33/-  30/-  35/-    '      g,^, 

(present  value,  60/-)  (present  value,  50/-)  (present  value,  BO/-)  (present  value,  50/-) 

GALVANIZED— BRAND    NEW— BEST    MAKE. 

36  ins.  X  2  ins   x  19  G  at  19/6      4S  ins.  x  2  ins.  x  19  G  at  26/-      72  ins.  x  2  ins.  x  19  G  at  39/-  per  roll  of  50  yards. 
All  other  sizes  stocked.        Lowest  possible  prices  quoted  upon  application. 


BIG  SLUMP   IN   SCOTCH    SEED 

GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN 

We  Guarantee  all  Seed  sold  as  Scotch  to  be  direct  from 
Scotland  this  season.  The  Scottish  Board  of  Agricultuie 
Certificate  Number  will  be  given  with  all  Scotch  seed  orders. 


IMMUNES. 

1121b. 


Dargill  Early. . 
Witch  Hill  . , 
.A.rran  Rose  . . 
Edzi-11  Blue  . . 
Great  Scot 

Ally 

King  George  . . 
Arran  Comrade 
The  Bishop    . . 
.Majestic 
.\rran  Victory 
Kerr's  Pink    . . 
Lochar 
Templar 
Golden  Wonder 
Langworthy    . . 
Abundance     .. 
Tinwald  Perfection  . . 
"  K.  of  K."  (Englisli)  . 


20     0 


16     0 


SCOTCH. 

B61b.  281b. 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
11     0      6    0 

8"6       5"0 


14ib. 
s.  d. 
3     6 


■'71b. 
s.  d, 
2     0 


40     0       21 


0       2     0 


11     0       6     0       3     6 


NON-IMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 


13     0 


0 


4     0       2     6 


8     6       5     0       3     0 


.Myatt's  Ashleaf        . .       2; 

May  Queen    . . 

Duke  of  York 

Midlothian  Early 

Ninetyfold      . .         . .       16 

Puritan 

Sharpe's  E.xpress 

Sir  John  Llewellyn  . . 

Early  Eclipse 

Epicures 

British  Queen 

l'p-to-l)atcs   . . 

Arran  Chief    . . 

Dalhousie 

Iron  inike 

King  Edwards 

Early  Kosc  (English)..       16 

Ringleader  Do.   . . 

Pink  Hebron     Do.  . . 

Eating  Potatoes        ..         8 

.\U  Round  Manure 

(our  own  mixing)      20    0      11     0      60      36      20 
CABBIAGE  PAID   PASSENGER  BATES. 
Seeds  and  Manure  can  be  sent  carriage  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included.      It  is  much  cheaper  to  send  any  weight 
up  to  281b.  by  passenger  than  goods. 


6       B     0       3     0       2 


Up  to  30  miles 
Up  to  50  miles 
Up  to  100  miles 
Up  to  200  miles 
Over     200  miles 


1121b. 

3  3 

4  3 
6  3 
8     4 

10     4 


56Ib. 
2     4 

2  6 

3  6 

4  6 

5  10 


281b. 
1     9 

1  11 

2  1 
2  4 
2  11 


141b. 
1  4 
1  6 
1  7 
1  9 
1  11 


71b. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  delivery. 
Send  for  our  Illustrated  List  and  Guide. 

TOM  E.  KING,  Ltd., 
Somersham,   St.  Ives,  Hunts. 

Contractors  lo  His  Majesty's  Government. 


Jj^/7l& /ll^l^TU/ 


March  26,   iq2i.l 


THE     GARDEN, 


IX. 


GRAND   COLLECTIONS 

PHLOX. 

Jutes  Sandeau,  pure  pink. 
W.  C.  Egan,  rosy  lavLndt-r. 
Wanadis,  palo  lavLiidfr  blue. 
Nana  Ccerulea,  purplish  blue. 
Selma,  salmon  i>ink. 
Iris,  bluf  noKt. 

E.  Campbell,  best  pink,  ■white  eye. 
Hanny  Pfletderer,  creamy  white,  rose  eye. 
Antonin  Mercie,  lavender. 
Coquelicot,  ti'-ry  scarlet. 

General  van  Heutsz,  orange  scarlet. 

F.  A.  Buchner,  white. 

1  tacli  of  above  9/-  ;    2  of  each  17/- 
PAPAVERS    (Oriental  Poppies). 
Perry's  Unique,  crimson  scarlet. 
Rose  Queen,  ro>o  pink. 
Princess  Ena,  salmon  rose. 
Oriflame,  scarlet. 
Silver  Blick,  silvery  white. 
Silver  Queen,  white. 
Mrs.  Perry,  apricot  salmon. 
Queen  Alexandra,  clear  rose. 
Masterpiece,  salmon  pink. 
Goliath,  scarlet,  enormous  flowers. 
Perry's  White,  white. 
Lady  Roscoe,  salmon  shaded  terra'Cotta. 
1  of  i-ach  8/6  ;    2  of  each  16/. 

CAMPANULAS    (for   Rockeries). 

Carpatica    Isabel,  dark  \iolet. 

„         White  Star,  white. 

,,         Riversleai  rich  blue. 
Qarganica  minor,  pale  blue. 

G.  F.  Wilson,  deep  blue. 
Profusion,  pale  blue. 
Bavarica,  blue. 
Aggregata,  bluish  purple. 
Stevensii  nana,  deep  blue. 
Pulloides,  deep  purple. 
Turbinata  pallida,  pale  blue. 

,,         purplish  blue. 
1  each  9/-  ;    2  of  each  17/6  ;    3  of  each  25/-. 
AUBRIETIAS    (12    Grand    Varieties). 
Argentea,   Pritchard's   A.I.,   Purple   Robe,  Violet 
Queen,  Purpurea,  Qodstone  (New),  Tauricola  alba. 
The  Queen  (New),  LeichtlinI,  Lilac  Queen,  Laven- 
der, Sov.  de  Wm.  Ingram. 
1  of  each  8/6  ;    2  of  each  16/-  j    3  of  each  24/6. 
Send  for  Descriptive  List  of  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants, 

W.     WELLS,     Jun., 

Hardy  Plant  Nurseries,  MERSTHAM,  SURREY.   I 


i%i»»^%»»%»<«  »^»  > 


A  Booklet  contain- 
ing  the  most 
Reliable  Garden 
Requisites    for    the 


fit 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


M 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   (post     free). 


Al 


"  FUMIGATING 

{Poison) 

COMPOUND 


Kills  Mealy  Bug, 
Red  Spider,  and  all 
other  Greenhouse 
Pests.  No  trouble. 
No  risk. 
Price:  1  Pint  Can,  25/-  each. 
Sufficient  Compound  for  40,00>0'cut>ic  feet. 


I  AWN      <>ANn      The   Celebrated   Weed   Killer 
LHIIII   ^OHIIU       fg^     Lawns      and     Valuable 

DAISY  KILLER     Prices!^""'^^"^ 

31/6    cwt.,     17/-  J  cwt.,     9/-  28  lbs. 


FENCING    l-^rge    stocks  of    Simplex    Chestnut 

■■IIUIIIU   Fencing.  Quotations      for      any 

quantity.        Also    for    Iron    and    Wire    Fencing. 

Write  for  List  of  most  economical  and  durable  styles 


"VFRMIfilRF"    Worm-killing  Powder.    Non- 
ILIIIIIIUIUI.       poisonous.         Never      Fails. 
Harmless    to    Vegetable    and    Animal     Life. 
Prices:      35/-    per    cwt.,     18/-   \  cwt. 
Acts  as  a  Mild  Plant  Food. 


"VELTHA"     Destroyer        of      all      Fungoid 
ILLIIIH         Diseases    attacking     the    Plant 
through  the  Soil         Prices: 
Emulsion,   15/-  a  gall.;   Powder,    18/-Jcwt. 


CARRIAQE  PAID  ON  ORDERS  £1    AND  UPWARDS 


"Le  Fruitier" 


THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK -YET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS     CENTURY. 

AS  SUPPLIED  to  the  ROYAL  GARDENS 

THE  ROYAL  GARDENS, 
SANDRINOHAM. 

"Your  'Le  Fruitier'  is  a  splendid  manure. 
I  have  used  it  for  a  number  of  jears 
with  the  most  gratifying  results  as  an 
artificial  manure  for  Vines,  Peaches  and 
Tomatoes,  and  I  am  convinced  it  cannot 
be  excelled.  Tho.mas  H.  Cook." 

Prices: 
36'-  cwt.,    19/-  J  cwt.,    10;6  28  lbs., 
6/-    14  lbs.,    3/6    7  lbs.       Bags    Free. 


W>"  WOOD  &  SON  L" 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS" 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 


TELE 


I  LATE     OF    WOOD     OREEN) 

PHONE     BURNHAM     79 

GRAMS     "GARDENING,"     TAPLOW. 


TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


ASPARAGUS. 

Vow  is  the  best  time  for  planting.  We  can  offer 
Strong  two  years'  of  Giant  and  French  Argenteuil, 
15/-  per  100,     Carriage  by  Passenger  Train  extra. 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


For 

Shod 

k  Horses. ■' 


FIG.   2.  FIG.  2. 

Welted  Pattern).  (No- Welt  Pattern). 

ONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS  USED. 
SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST!  MOST  ECONOMICAL  ! 

Best  English  Leather  or  Rubber  Soles. 
Us«id    in     the     Royal     and     in     thousands    of     the 

Principal    Gardens, 

Fig.  1,  can  be   re-soled    many   titnea  and  will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Sllvep  Medals:— 

Royal  Horticultural  Society.   1904  and  1914. 
Royal  International  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1912. 

HUNDREDS    OF    TESTIMONIALS. 
Over  lO.OOO  Sets  used  In  the  United  Kingdom. 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  from   the  Makers:— 
H.  PATTISSON  &   Co.,  Strealham.  London 


V.  LEMOINE  &  SON, 

Nurserymen. 
NANCY,     FRANCE. 

NEW  &  RARE  PLANTS  a  SPECIALITY, 

Catalogue  No    194.  printed  in  English,  free  on  application. 


"ACME" 
WEED    KILLER 

DESTROYS     WEEDS,     MOSS,     etc.,    ON 

CARRIAQE     DRIVES,     QARDEN 

WALKS,     ROADS,     etc. 

Awarded    Gold     Medal    Anglo-American    E.Yhibition, 
Bronze  .Medal  Royal   Horticultural  Society. 

POWDER    WEED    KILLER 

The  same  chemical  compound  as  the  li^iuid.  and  only 

needs  the  addition  of  water. 

Dissolves  Quickly  In  Cold  Water. 

SIZE    OF    TINS. 

No.  X,  sufficient  to  make  124  galls.,  2/-.  postage   9d. 

..     1.  ..  ..  25       „       3/9       „  1/. 

..     2.  ..  ,.         SO       „       7/-       ..  I/. 

3.  ..  ..        100       ,,      U/8 


150 
Tins  free. 


18/-,  post  free 


Lawn    Sand.— Kills   Daisies,  etc.,   and  fertilises    the 

Srass.      No  other  manure  necessary.      7  lb.,  i/Z  • 

56  lb..  16/-. 
Soluble    Paraffin. — Mi.xes  Instantly  with  water  and 

does   not  separate.       I   lb..  2,9,  post  free.   ,1  oz. 

sufficient  for  1  gallon  of  water. 
Arsenate  of  Lead  (Paste)  for  destroying  all  leaf-eating 

insects.  3-  per  lb.,  post  free.     1  lb.  sufficient  for 

■2.S  gallons  of  water. 
Extract  of  Quassia  Insecticide.— 1  gallon.  S/-,  carriage 

paid  on  5  «  tllons.     Pint,  2/6,  post  free. 
Compound  Extract  of  Quassia  Tobacco  Insecticide.— 

Fmt,  2/6  :    Liuart,  4/-,  post  free. 

THE  ACME  CHEMICAL  CO.,  LTD., 

TONBRIDGE,     KENT. 


THE     GARDEN. 


'March   26,   192 1. 


Lawn 


Jl^       L.AWW   ^ 


AND 


THE     PIONEERS     OFi  ALL     THAT 
IIS      BEST  HlNJs  LAWN  JL  MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "  SILENS 
MESSOR"    LAWN  ^       , 

MOWERS.        ^"     ^ 


WORLD    RENOWNED 

OVER  A  MILLION  SOLO. 

Green's  New  Century  Lawn  Mower 

The  ideal  Mower  for  small  lawns, 
slopes,   banks, 


Motor   Lawn    Mowers 

made  in 
Sizes     12in.    to    42in. 


May     be     had     from 

any     Ironmonger     or 

Seedsman       in       the 

United  Kingdom. 


GREEN'S 
GARDEN 
ROLLERS. 


Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


THOMAS  GREEN  &    SON,   Ltd..  Smithfield   Ironworks,  Leeds,  and  New  Surrey  Works,  Southwark  Street,  London.  S.E.I. 


INTENSIVE    CULTURE    IN    EVERY    GARDEN." 


PATENTED 
IN  THE  U.K 
&     ABROAD. 


THE   CLOCHE   CLIP 

THE    CLIP    THAT     HOLDS 

FOR  making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants, 
flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.  Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used.  The  Clip  will  make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can 
be  handled  without  falling  apart. 

Price  7'-  (Joi.     Postage  9d,  1d«.     1'-2d02.|     5  doz.  Carriege  Paid.      Cash  with  or(  Of. 
Partrcutars  wHi  be  sent  on  aDplication-THE    CLOGHE    CLIP    CO,    Guildford    Surrey 


ECONOMY  in  the  GARDEN 
EVERYMAN'S       SEED       SOWER 

prevents  WASTE,  as  Seed  being  in  full  view,  rate  of 
distribution  is  easily  controlled.     Vibratory  Flanges 

separate  and  evenly  distribute  the  seed. 

SAVES    THINNING    OUT. 

From  ARMY  &  NAVY  .ind  CIVIL  SERVICE  STORES  and 
Leading  Ironmongers,  Sundriesmen,  Etc.  If  your  deiler  is 
out  of  stock  send  1,2  for  one  or  2/2  for  two.     Post  free  to— 

HOUSE    &    GARDEN     SUNDRIES    CO., 
Dept.  G.,  10,  EASTCHEAP,  E.C.  3. 


fMIWWMMW^MWVMMMtMVW^'l^'"^ 


HMI 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL.  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


38.000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied      Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.I 


'PRODVSO' 


From  :— 

SEEDSMEN  and 
NURSERYMEN 

or  direct.. 

TINS  9d.  EACH  (i;3  post  fice). 
71b  ,14  b,  281b.,  561b.,  Icwt.  bags 
3  -.  5/9,  9/6.  17/6.  so;-  each. 

BaRs  Free,  Carriage  Paid. 
HUNTER  &  GOW  LTD.,  28,  THOMAS  ST,  LIVERPOOL. 


THE  FINEST 
&  MOST  EFFECTIVE 
FERTILIZER 
FOR    ALL    CROPS. 


THE 

LINCOLN    PEA 

A    customer   from    Yorkshire   writes: 
have  grown — 

SIXTEEN     PECKS 

from  one  pint  of  your  Pea,  of  8  lbs.  to  the 

peck.    I  thought  it  impossible  to  grow  16 

pecks  as  stated  last  season,  but  I  can  beat 

that  in  a  good  season.  — ^ 

1/9    PINT,    POST    PAID. 

Price  and  Parlijiilar^;  j;iven  for  large    lots. 

T.  H.  LINCOLN   &  CO., 

Seed  Growers BOSTON,  LINCS. 


TEWKESBURY     AND     DISTRICT 

DAFFODIL  AND  SPRING   FLOWER  SOCIETY 

ANNUAL     EXHIBITION     OF 

DAFFODILS       AND       SPRING        FLOWERS 

TOWN  HALL,  TEWKESBURY,  APRIL  8,  1921. 

Schedules  on  application. 
H.  Charies,  Hon.  Sec.  Hop  Pole  Hotel.  Tewkesbury,  Glos. 


You,    Your    Friend,    and     Your    Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed,, if  you  and  they  miss 
the   Important  and  Beautiful  Numbers  of 

THE  GARDEN 

that  are   to  appear  during   this  year. 


'CAe  iUTtii   and  simplest    way  of  promptly  securing  a 
copy  of  every  issue  is   to  fill  up  the  form  printed  below. 


WMMWMMMWMMWMMMMMfVMIMMMMffMliMMWIMVWMAIWU 


for 


To  Messrs 

Newsagents, 
or  The  Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,  London,  W.C.2. 
Please    send    me,     by    Post,    "  The    Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.O. 

being  Subscription  for  12  months  from  date. 

Name 

Address   

19 

Inland  Subscription,  Foreign  and    Colonial  Subscriptions,  17/4  per  annum;   6  monthB,  S|8,  including  Postage. 


I 


March   26,   iq2i.1 


THE     GARDEN. 


BENTLEY'S 

Specialities 

WEED  DESTROYERS 

DAISY  KILLER  (lawn  Sand) 

INSECTICIDES 
FUNGICIDES 
FUMIGANTS 
FERTILISERS 


Catalogue  on  Application. 


Sole  Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 

CHEMICAL    WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,  HULL. 


LEAVER'S 

Patent 

WEED   EXTRACTOR 

A     LITTLE     KNOWN     BUT    MOST    USEFUL 
GARDENING      IMPLEMENT. 


Full  particulars    and    illustrated    circular   xcitli 
copies  of  testimonials  sent  free  on  application  to — 

G.    H.    LEAVER    &    CO., 

46,  YORK  ROAD,  TUNBRIDGE  WELLS. 


ASK  FOR 


ALL   GLASS 
STRUCTURES 


THAT 


TraJe  .Mai-l, 


Require  Outside  Sliading 


SUMMER    CLOUD     SHADING    (the    only    genuine    and 

original  article). 
All    rights   Transferred    by    Died    to  Corry    &    Co.,    Bedford 

Chambers.     Covent     G  irden,      London,      W.C.2       by 

Hy.  Elliott,  on  March  27th,  1882. 

It  has  been  in  general  use  for  OVER  40  YEARS. 

BE    SURE    TO     ASK    FOR 

SUIVIMER  CLOUD 

AND      SEE      THAT       YOU       GET       IT. 

Sold  by  all  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

Sold    in    packet"!    containing    8oz.   for   lOOft.  of  glass     1(6  ■ 
24oz.,  316.    Cheaper  in  Bulk. 

Manufactured  by 

CORRY    &    CO.,     Ltd., 

at  their  Banded  Chemical  Works, 

SHAD      THAMES      S.E.I. 

Offices  &  ShDw  Room,  :  Bedford  Chambers,  Coveot  Garden,  Londoii,W.C.2 


EXTRAORDINARY   RESULTS 


FROM  A 
SMALL 
B,&P. 
GREEN- 
HOUSE 
No.  H49a 


Write  for  our 
Catalogue  of 
small  Green- 
houses&Gar- 
den  Frame  . 


This  Illustration  of  our  B.&  P.No.  H.  49a 
Greenhouse  is  from  a  photographsupplied by 
the  owner.  The  house  is  made  in  6  sections, 
making  possible  its  complete  erection  in 
three  to  four  hours.  The  sections  are  so 
arranged  that  the  house  can  be  dismantled 
without  removing  a  single  pane  of  glass. 

Size        C'5'5      11  n        Supplied 

10' X  8'      o&OO     J.X.     \J»      from  stock 

All  sent  ready  glazed  with  15  oz.  glass  and  painted  2 
coats,  n'ith  bolts  and  screws  for  fixing.  Carriage  paid  to 
most  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales.  Supplied 
from  stock,  or  made  in  15',  20'  or  25'  lengths  to  order. 

The  bottom  illustration,  from  an  untouched  photograph 
of  interior,  shows  the  extraordinary  results  that  can 
be  obtained  with  reasonable  care  and  enthusiasm 
with  Greenhouse  No.  H.  49A.  This  house  and  stages 
were  supplied  from  stock,  and  we  had  no  intimation 
of  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  required.  With  a 
boiler  placed  in  the  wood  base  at  one  end  and  two  4 " 
hot  water  pipes  along  one  side  and  one  end  only,  our 
amateur  produced  this  magnificent  display  of  orchids 
and  exotic  plants. 


^oulton  8rciu 


ii^ 


TELEGRAMS  . 

BOULTON,  NORWICH 

TELEPHONE •  ^ 

NORWICH        B61 


■    _  LONDON     OFFICE  ■ 

Chief  Office  Gf  Works    1J5.7.  queen  victoria  st. 

NORWICH  :  BOUTIQUE.    CENTML     LONDOII 
'  Tiii.phon«.    CENTMl    464a 


XII. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[March  26.   1021. 


SPECIAL    BARGAINS ! 


CLOGS 

AT  CUT 
PRICES. 


We  give  dutails  hereof  a  special  line  of  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  to  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  surplus  stocU,  made  up  for  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day— there's  no  time 
to  put  off. 

C524.     Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,  strong  wood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  uppers,  shape  as 
illustrated. 
Child's  sizes,  7,8,  9,  and  10,  5i'6  for  3/11, 

postpaid 3ill 

Boys'  and  Girls*  sizes,  11,  12,  13,  and  I, 

6/6  for  4/11.  post  paid     4/11 

Youth's  and  Women's  sizes,  2,  3.  4,  and 

5.  7/11  for  5/11.  post  paid  5/H 

Women's  and  JSlen's  sizes,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 
and  II,  8/11  for  6,11,  post  paid  ...  6/1  1 

Irons  round  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  I.  9d. 
extra.     All  larger  sizes,  1/3  extra. 
All  our  usual  shapes  in  stock.    2  Buckle,  best  quality, 
8/11.  now  8/-  post  paid.    All  sizes  for  men  and  women 
same  price.      Wellinfitons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 
and  Watertights  all  reduced  10  per  ctnt. 
Send  for   our  Catalogue  of  Foot- 
wear now.     Ali  reduced  in  Price. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way,  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  1 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

D  ,-  .       .  T    J    „     ,  ^„r  Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

Registered  Trade  Mark  6295.        -^  ^^-^  Fumigator! 

Prices.— No.  1 1  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft..  10d.  each  ;  No.  2,  for  Small  Greenhouses  upto 
1.500  cubic  ft.,  1/3  each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses   from    2.000  to  2.500  cubic  ft.,   1/9  each. 

((  T'lr'M  A  "V  "     '^^^  N®*  *°**  ^°^^  Successful 

1  Cii^/^.^         GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It  is  rapidly  taking  the   place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1  /6,  3/-,  6/-.  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

USE      CORBY'S     CELEBRATED      CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER   DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint..     Quart.     i-Gall.      1  Gall.         3  Gall.        5  Gall.    lOGall. 
each       2/3         3,9         6/.         11 1.  25)6         40/-         76/. 

SOLD    By    THE    TRADE    GENERALLY. 

Manufactured   by  CORRY    &    CO.,   Ltd.,   London. 


REEDEN'S    SCHOOL   OF    GARDENING 

NEWICK,     SUSSEX. 

A  thoroughly  practical  training  for  ladies  taking 
up  Horticulture  as  a  profession  or  supervise  own 
gardens;  fruit,  flowers,  vegetables,  herbs.  Charming 
House  and  Grounds.     Apply  Principal. 


Seasonable  Wants 


WILLIS     BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


NOT    A    SUBSTITUTE.    BUT    A 

REAL    MANURE 

for  digging  in  or  as  top  dressing. 

NO    STABLE    MANURE    REQUIRED. 

1  cwt.  17,6;    S  cwt.  10/-:  28  1b.  5/6    £16  10s.  per  ton 

Carriage  Paid. 


VINE    MANURE 

and  Vine  Border  Compound,  Coarse  or  Fine. 

30(-  per  cwt. :    16i-  J  cwt. 

RUSSIAN    MATS 

New,  just  arrived.     Size  about  7  ft.   by  3  ft.  6  in. 
Limited  supply,  4-2/-  per  doz.,  carriage  paid. 

WILLIS    BROS.' 
WINTER   WASH 

For  spraying  Fruit  Trees,  prepared  from  recipe  of 
celebrated  Canadian  Apple  Grower,  who  is  noted 
for  his  clean  fruit  and  orchards. 


10/6  per  gal. 
Carriage  Paid. 


50;-  5  gals. 
Tins  included. 


WILLIS  BROS. 


Horticultural  Manure 

Manufacturer's, 
HARPENDEN.  HERTS. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Gardfo   should  have  its   Beehive 

Profitab'e.  easy  to    manage,   and 
ensures  fertilization.^ 

Send    for    lUw^trated   Catalogue    with 
Advice  to  Beginners— Post  Free. 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 
Welwyn,    Herts. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


Sand.  Soilfumc. 
AND  OTHER  Chemicals 

AGEKT  rOR  TRC  CuREKA 
IF  AKV  DIFFICULTY 
PAID 


TOMLINSON  II  HAVWAIID  LT>  LINCOLN. 


Eggs 
Chicks 


£U^  From  High  Fecund  Layers  of  First-grade 
Eggs  mated  to  Male  Birds  bred  from 
dams  with  pullet  year  records  200  &  over. 


White  Leghorns.   Light  Sussex. 


Egs.  12,6,  15/6.  Chick.  31 /-per  doz. 

A  limited  Duniber3of  Egss  from  Special  Birds.     30/-  & 42;- per  doz. 

G.  GORDON  GRAY,  LTD.,:Deansbrook  P.F.,  Thaxted,  Essex. 


BAYUS5,  eJOVIES 

ANDBAYLISS.LTD 


^WOLVERHAMPTON .  ^ 

LONDOH   OFFICES   CANNON  ST  E  C. 


THE 


"BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth    "  draw 
out"  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does  not  pinch 

or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 
Postage  7d. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 

Fancy     Fern     Pans     and 

Bulb  Bowls, 

from  4d.  each. 

No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON.    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


cts  there  A 

I  and  makes  the  Garden  rlU^^^,. 
L^ay  all  Ihe  year  round  r.-^-.v.T  .v~ 


Sold  everywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  In  PACKETS  lOd.  &  1/6,  and 

_i  BRANDED  A  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs.  4/-:  14  lbs..  7/- :  28  lbs..  13/.;  56  lbs..  32/- ;  112  lbs.,  40/-;  _. 

direct  from  the  Works.  Carriage  Paid  in  the  United  KJogdom  for  Casb  with  Order  (except  PACKETS). 


CLAY    &    SON.     Manure  M*"  &  Bone  Ci-usliers,  STRATFORD,  LONDON. E. 


Published  by  ".Country  Life,' 


Limited,  at  20,  Tavistock  Stieet,  Strand,  W.C.'i,  and  by  George  Newnes.  Limited,  8-11,  Southampton  Street,  Strand,  W.C.!^, 
and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press,  55  &  57.  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C.2 


THE 


LIlBRARYoftln* 


«  £a  c  1:1  LI  s^itLt  t» 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


'^ol.  LXXXV.— No.  2576. 


□tered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,   April  2,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT    THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN      MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4 :    Foreign,    17/4 


Daffodils 
That  come  before  the  swallow  dares,  and  take 
The  winds  of  March  zviih  beauty. 


(THE  WINTER'S   TALE.) 


MERRYWEATHER'S    FRUIT    TREES 

Do  not  fail  to  plant  the  following, 

unquestionably  two  of  the  finest  fruits  in  cultivation. 

APPLE — BRAMLEY'S  SEEDLING,  the  finest  profitable  apple  in  cultivation; 
fruit  wonderful  sixe,  skin  lively  green,  changing  to  yellow,  with  bright  red  cheek;  flesh 
firm,  crisp,  sub-acid,  very  juicy,  and  flavour  when  cooktd  without  equal.  Will  keep  till 
iSIay  or  June. 

DAMSON— MERRYWEATHER.  This  has  caused  a  revolution  in  Damson  grow- 
ing, the  growth  is  very  similar,  and  as  vigorous  as  Victoria  plum.  Unlike  all  Damsons"  it 
commences  to  fruit  on  two  or  three  year  old  trees.  The  fruit  is  of  wonderful  size,  and  true 
Damson  flavour.     Could  readily  be  taken  for  a  late  Plum,  until  tasted. 

Send    for  .Particulars. 

H.     MERRYWEATHER     &    SONS,    LTD., 
Garden    Specialists,    SOUTHWELL,    NOTTS. 

BEAUTIFUL  JAPANESE  LILIES 

FOR     MARCH     PLANTING. 

LILIUM     AURATUM,    the   White    Goldtn-raycd   spotted   Lily  of  Japan,   bearing  large 
sweetly'  sctnted  flowers,  per  dozen,  2ls.  ;  each  2s 

LILIUM    SPECIOSUM    ALBUM    KRAETZERI.   beautiful    large,  flowers    with    dark 
orange  anthers,  per  dozen  30s.  ;  each  2s.  9d. 
Extra  strong  bulbs,  per  dozen,  40s. ;    each  3s.  6d. 

LILIUM    SPECIOSUM     MAGNIFICUM.    large    handsome    dark     crimson     flowers, 
spotted   purple-crimson,   margined  white,   per  dozen.   30s. ;    each   2s.   9d. 
Extra   strong  bulbs,  per  dozen,  40s. ;    each  3s.  6d. 

LILIUM   SPECIOSUM   MELPOMENE,  fine  handsome  flowers,   rich  crimson,  spotted 
purple-crimson  and  margined  white,   per  dozen,  30s.  ;    each  2s.  9d. 
Extra  strong  bulbs,  per  dozen,  40s.;    each  3s.  6d. 

Descriptiz'e  Catalogue  free  on  application. 

BARR     &     SONS, 


11,      12       &     13,       KINQ      STREET, 
COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.S 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  io  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for      the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  GO., 


VERT'S  HOLLYHOCKS 

Chater's  Original  and  Unrivalled  Gold  Medal  Strain. 

Herbaceous  Borders  are  not  complete  without  this  stately  subject. 


We  offer,  for  April  planting,  strong  healthy  plants  to  pro- 
vide a  grand  panorama  of  gorgeous  colour  ranging  from  white 
to  almost  black  during  the  coming  Summer  and  Autumn. 


List  post  free  on  application. 


JAMES  VERT  &  SONS,  SAFFRON  WALDEN,  ESSEX. 


THE     GARDEN. 


iApril 


1921. 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of  England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain. 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhvdd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
of  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS     AND     FUOWERINQ     SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM    &    SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,    ESSEX 


Garden  Crarismen 

Rockworkers 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaoeous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
TwERTON  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINb 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable&  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


STEWART   &   CO. 

13,  South  St.  Andrew  Street 

EDINBURGH 


East  Lothian  Stocks 
Scotch    Seed 

Potatoes 
Lawn  Grass  Seeds 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides   and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(BoireJDARY  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All  Qarden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


HY.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 
Skeldergate  Bridge  Works, 
YORK. 


Lawn,  Qarden, 
Fruit  Tree,  and 
Horticultural 
Fertilisers 


J.   BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Inseotloldea 
Fertiliiere 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


THE  SHEFFIELD  •  MALAY 

TOOL  COY. 
Norfolk   Lane.  SHEFFIELD 


Perfect  roads, 
drains,  paths,  lawns 
terraces,  etc  .  are 
obtained  by  using 
the  S.M.  ROAD 
TRACER  &  LEVEL 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 

tunbridge  wells 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show,  1912. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No.:  Vic.  5314. 

Have  9ever;il  good  men  available,  and 

can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qenerat 
Landscape 
Work 


J.   CHEAL   &   SONS,   Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardenera 
Treea  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List   No.   42 

Post  Free 


FIR    POLES. 

Stout  Fir  Poles,  about  9  feet,  suitable  for  Climbing 

Roses,  at  18/-  per  dozen. 

Extra  stout,  suitable  for  Pergolas,  at  30/-  per  dozen. 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


Gold  Queen  and  other  Hollies. 

WM.  PAUL  &  SON  heg  to  call  attention  to 
the  large  and  fine  stock  of  HOLLIES 
growing  at  their  Loughton  Nursery 
(G.E.R.,  12  miles  from  London),  com- 
prising Gold  Queen,  Silver  Queen  and 
other  golden  and  silver-leaved  kinds 
2  to  6  feet  high,  also  broad-leaved  and 
other  green  varieties  2  to  8  feet,  and  a  fine 
stock  of  Common  Green  Hollies  5  to  8  ft. 

Prices,   which   are  very   iiwderatc,  will  be 
quoted  on  application. 


Wm.  PAUL  &  SON,  Waltham  Cross,  Ltd., 

WALTHAM     CROSS,     HERTS. 


j»%»^^»»»%»<»^%^'<»» 


[    NEW  FORM  OF  CULTURE.    | 

Fibre  Grown  Plants 

Cheaper  than  pot  grown  plants  and 
better    than     transplanted    plants. 

Plants      arrive     in      a      fresh     and 

growing   condition  svitli  root   action 

undamaged. 

TOM  MO  &   /\NTIRRHINUI\t   PLANTS 
A   SPECIALITY. 

lllustr.ited    PumphlL-t   antl 
Price       List      post      free. 

J.  N.  HARVEY,  Nurseries,  3,  Leys,  Evesham. 


April  2,   1921. 


GARDEN.- 


^dfcar' 


LOVELY  LAWNS  ensured  by  using  WEBBS' 

PRIZE  LAWX  GRASS  SEEDS.  For  Tenuis,  Croquet  and 
Garden  Lauras,  Bowling  Greens,  &c.  3/3  and  3/6  per  lb. ;  8/- 
and  8/9  per  gallon.  Carriage  Free.  Pamphlet  on  "  Making  and 
Renovating  Lawns  "  free  on  request. 

WEBBS'  COLLECTIONS  OF  VEGETABLE 

SEEDS.  Best  value  obtainable,  5/-,  7/6,  10/-,  12/6,  21/-  each. 
Contents  on  request. 

WEBBS'  COLLECTIONS  OF  SWEET  PEAS. 

—12  fine  e.xhibition  varieties,  6/-;    12  ditto  (smaller  packets). 

S/-.    Post  Free. 

WEBB  &  SONS,  LTD.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  STOURBRIDGE 

WATERERS'    RHODODENDRONS,    Azaleas, 

Kar''  Shrub--,  Japanese  Cherries,  Maples,  and  Chinese  subjt-cts- 
— John  Waterer,  Sons  ik  Crisp,  Ltd.,  The  Nurseries,  Bagshot. 
Surrey. 


WATERERS'  VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER 

SEEDS,   S.otch  grown  seed  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE  AND  HERBACEOUS 

PL.\XTS,   in  the   new  and  leading  varieties   of   Delpliiniunis, 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND    GLAZING 

— '■  VITROLITE  ••  superior  to  WTiite  Lead  Paint,  23/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supereedcs  Putty,  40/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  partieulars  from  Waltee  Caesos  & 
Sons,  Grove  Works,  Battersea.     Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  ReuthE,  Keston, 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— The     only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive   List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate, 
6d.  post  free. — THE  BCRBAGE  NURSERIES,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire,     Established  1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B   "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  Wm.  Duncan  Ttickek  &  Soss,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


GARDEN  TOOLS.— Send  a  Post  Card  to-day 

for  Ryders  new  36-page  Oit^alogue  of  all  (Jarden  Tools.  Vou 
will  find  there  unparalleled  offers  of  many  labour-saving  tools 
of  high  quality  at  exceptionally  low  prices.  See  also  our 
advertisement  of  Gladiolus  on  page  iv. — Ryder  &  Son  (1920), 
Ltd.,  St.  Albans. 

ROCKERY     PLANTS     SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free  — Terry  Lee,  16,  Mordi-n  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


FOR     SALE,  —  Bound    Volumes    of    "  The 

Garden."  Half-bound  morocco,  in  first-class  condition.  Vols. 
1884  to  1888  ;  vols.  1891  ;  vols.  1893  to  1901.  What  offers.— 
G.  P.,  c/o  Editor,  THE  GARDEN,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  London,  W.C. 

40,000  PAIRS  Men's  &  Women's  New  Leather 

CLOGS,  42/-  per  dozen,  assorted  sizts.  Only  halt  to-day's  cost, 
— Taylors  Ltd.,  Norland  Rd,,  Netting  Hill, 


MINIATURE     JAPANESE      GARDENS      of 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  Also  Japanese  miniature 
flgtures,  pagodas,  gates,-  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
this  paper. — Peeeest  &  Ward,  84,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C.3. 


BLUE  PRIMROSES  and  other  rare  varieties. 

Herbaceous,  Alpine.      Advice  given  about  gardens. — HOPKINS, 
F.R.H.S.,  Merc,  Shepperton. 


KATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous  ;  a  perfect  garden 
Insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/- ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MoDodoall  Bgos.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.    Established  1845. 


ALPINE  AND  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS,  etc. 

New  list,  free  on  application. — T.  Smith,  Daisy  Hill  Nursery 
Newry. 


BARR'S  VEGETABLE  &  FLOWER  SEEDS, 

of  finest  selected  strains  and  tested  growth.  Descriptive  cata- 
logue, including  a  select  list  of  the  best  Scotch  and  English 
grown  seed  Potatoes  free, 

BARR'S  HARDY  PERENNIALS,  ALPINES, 

KOCK  PLANTS,  AQU.A.TICS,  CLIMBERS,  Ac,  for  Spring 
planting.     Catalogue  free. 

BARR'S   BEAUTIFUL  LILIES,  GLADIOLI, 

CAXNAS,  MONTBRETIAS,  TIGRIDIAS,  BEG0NL\S, 
TUBEROSES,  *c.,  for  Spring  planting.  Catalogue  free. — 
Babe  &  Sons,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 

THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent !  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  Douglas,  Great 
Bookham. 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories,  Greenliomes,  etc,  and  H'-ating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  i^.^V.3.  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    IvL-n^iugton  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — WiLLUM  BEATTIE,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster.  


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING    for   gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliei?,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  miling  and  poultry 
frncing.  Ask  for  separate  lists.— Bouiton  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS,— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application, — J.  W.  Cole  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough.  


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  sate,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/-  ; 
l-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  McDougali. 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT   TREES,   ROSES,  VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  \iew. 
In.^pection  invited.  Price  list  jwst  free  on  application, — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son.  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts, 

KING'S    ACRE     SEEDS,— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
for  our  New  Dlustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliability. — KISO'S  ACRE  NUESERIES,  LIMITED,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS,— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains   all   the   latest    novelties    in    flowers  and   vegetables 

including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 

application.     Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  IJd.  postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pa\1ngs,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England.— HoDSON  &  SON,  58,  Castlcgate 
Nottingham. 


WELLS '     CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratives  for  flowering  in  the  greenhouse, 
November  and  December,  5/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  in  May,  to  bloom  from 
Augasttill  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  in  25  varieties  for  30/-. 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application. — W.  WELLS  &  Co., 
Merstham,  Surrey. 

FLOWER  POTS,— 10  8in.,   15  6in.,  15  sin., 

15  4ins.,  15  Sins.,  complete,  packed  free,  15s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale  and 
rhubarb  pot«,  etc.,  free. — THOS.  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brierlcy 
Hill. ^ 

CHOICE  ALPINES  and  other   Hardy   Plants 

for  present  p'anting.  Good  collectionB  at  reduced  prices. 
Catalogue  on  application. — Mies  DcCane,  Mountains,  Witham, 
Essex. 


SUTTON'S    BEGONIAS. 

READING     BEAUTY     STRAIN. 
The   finest  bedding  variety  in  existence.       Crimson,   Scarlet, 
Pure  White,  Creamy  White,  Ro?e,  Carmine.  Blush,  Primrose, 
Yel;ow,  Coral  and  Salmon.     Tubers,  each  2/- ;  dozen,  21/-. 

Start  in  co'd  frame  and  plant  out  early  in  June. 
SUTTON  &    SONS.    THE    KING'S    SEEDSMEN,    READING 


KELWAY'S    P.S:0N1ES.— NOW    IS    THE 

TIME  TO  PLANT.  AS  BEAUTIFUL  AS  ROSES,  BUT  AS 
HARDY  AS  THE  DOCK.  HAVE  YOU  TREED  THEM? 
As  one  walks  through  a  border  of  KELWAY'S  PEONIES 
one  can  easily  imagine  that  they  are  Roses — giant  Roses — 
their  delicious"  scent,  their  creamy-tinted  petals  flushed  with 
pink,  and  their  bright  dark  foliage  are  exceptionally  delightful. 
WRITE  TO  KELWAY'S  NOW,  and  procure  strong 
named  plants  for  immediate  planting,  then  you  will  be  rewarded 
with  good  clumps  and  beautiful  blossoms  in  early  summer. 
KBLWAY  &  SON,  THE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURISTS, 
LANGPOUT,     SOMERSET. 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  PLANT  KELWAY'S 

LOVELY  GLADIOLI  for  spring  planting.  Our  reputation  as 
growers  of  these  beautiful  autumn-flowering  bulbs  extends  over 
a  period  of  sixty  years,  and  as  our  bulbs  are  of  our  own  growing 
at  Langport,  customers  are  assured  of  fine  hardy  specimens.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  remind  prospective  buyers  of  the  glorious  com- 
binations of  colour  which  are  now  obtainable,  more  especially  in 
our  Langprim  strain,  but  we  should  adWse  wTiting  at  once  for 
our  price  list  to  the  Retail  Plant  Department,  Kelway  &  SON, 
Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Cata-logue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted,  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  japer. 


BATH'S,,  SELECT  SEEDS   AND   PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  R.  H.  Bath, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  plantedjnow.     Our  unique  publication,  "  Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free.    

WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.— R.  Wallace  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  WVlls.      


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)     free. — 
■MOORTON,   5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


CRANSTON'S  FAMOUS  ONIONS  :  ready  for 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autumn-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Eousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plant*, 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Offenham,  Wheeler's  Imperial,  Red 
Picklin»,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt 
delivers-  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application.— Kisa's 
Acre  Nitrsekies,  Ltd.,   Hereford  (late  Cranston's). 


RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY     PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  etc.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  invited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  etc.— GlLLUM  (Garden  Dept.),  Wellesley  Court 
Road,  Croydon. 


ALPINES    FOR     PRESENT     PLANTING.— 

Anemone  Pulsatilla,  Aster  sub-Cffiruleua,  Corydalis  cheilanthi- 
folia  Erythraa  Massoni,  Hypericum  coris,  Mazus  rugosus, 
Phlox  rcDtans.  Primula  bullevana,  P.  Julia,  Sax.  aizoon  pectinata 
S  Bathonicnsis,  S.  Elizabethae.  Any  6,  4s.  9d. ;  12,  8s.  9d. 
Carriage  paid.  Catalogue  free.— Bowell  and  skarratt, 
Nurseries,  Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S  "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "  Sheets  "  for  greenhouse  fumigation ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.— 
MoDOUQALL  BROS.,  LTD.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


T.     YANO     &     CO.      Est.    1908.     Japanese 

Oardentnc  laid  out  with  Japanese  trees  and  stone  ornaments. — 
Nurserj- :    56  &  66,  Paddenswick  Koad,  Hammersmith. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  'any  size  or  shape  house  ;  separate  parts  supplied 
Vanguard  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipe 
Joints  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free.— Thomas  Jeatons 
SUver' Street  Works,  Brieriey  Hill. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  2,   1921. 


JIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIL^ 

RYDERS  I 

I  Gorgeous  Gladiolus.  | 

i     SPECIAL  OFFER  of  first  size,  flowering  bulbs,  = 

:            1  eacli  of  the  following  spendid  sorts  for  ^ 

E              4/6;    3   for   12/6;    12  for  24,-.  = 

:     BRIMSTONE,      pure     light     y.  How :      LOVELINESS,  = 

;     beautiful      creamy    white  :    PANAMA,     a     deeper  zz 

:     coloured  America  :  PEACE,  the  largest  pure  white  ^ 

-     above,   the    lower  petals  are  tingeJ   with   lilac :  ~ 

I     PRINCE    OF    SCARLET,    a   most    gorgeous   flower :  = 

:     PRINCEPS,    brilliant   scarlet,   very  large  flowers :  = 

:     GOLDEN  WEST,  a  wonderful    x  ariety.  the  colour  of  = 

:      the  setting  sun  :    L'llVlMACULEE,  thj  most  perfect  = 

:     white;     MRS.    FRANK    PENDLETON,    delicious  soft  E 

roe  pink;  ORION,  dtlicate  light  ross;  pink:   PINK  = 

:     BEAUTY,  glorious  deep  pink,  one  of  the  earliest;  ^ 

:      WAR,  deep  blood  red,  shadjd  dark  crimson.  ^ 

Send  for  FREE  LIST  of  over  300  varieties.  E 

I  RYDERS  GOLD  MEDAL  BEGONIAS  i 

Are  of  the  very  finest  strains  and  the  tidiers  are  ~ 

all  of  the  first  size,  e.iually  good  for  growing  in  ~ 

pots  or  for  bedding  out.  =i 

■     DOUBLE  FRINGED,  splendid  mixture  of  all  colours.  = 

9d.  each;  6  for  4,-;  12  for  7  6;  25  for  14,'-;  50  r: 

for  26  6  ;   100    or  50,'-.  carr.  paid.  = 

SINGLE      FRILLED,     in     separate    colours— White  = 

Yellow,  Pink.  Crimson,  S  arlet  and  Orange.  zz: 

8d.  each  ;  6  of  any  one  colour,  3/6  ;  I:!  for  6  6  ;  25  E 

=             for  12/6;  ,50  for  2S/6;  100  for  45;'-,  carr.  piid.  rz 

zz     SINGLE  CRESTED,  splendid  mixture  of  all  colours.  :zz 

E             8d.   each;    6   for  3/6;    12   for  6'-;   23    for  11,-:  = 

=            50  for  21,'-;  100  for  40/-,  carr.  raid.  = 

=    Nyacinthus  candicans,  large  heavy  bulb=i,  6  for  2/6,  E 

E             12  for  4-.  E 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  I 

—      SEEDS  of  all  kinds,  including  miny  unobtainable  elsewhere  ;  E 

E     PLANTS.  ROSES.  TREES  and  SHRUBS.  GARDEN  TOOLS  = 

^          and  other  SUNDRIES.     WRITE  FOR  FREE  LISTS.  E 

I  RYDERS  (Seed Dept.ii),  ST.  ALBANS  | 

=                                       IRydcr  &  Son  (1'J:o)  Lid.)  = 
^lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllnir- 


3fe;  I 


W^  CARNATIONS 

^^       A     dressing    of     Canary 

Guano  at  the  rate  of  4  ounces 

.  to     the    square    yard    is    very 

r       beneficial  to  Carnations.     During 
dry   weather    the    hoe   should    be 
used    frequently   and  a  dressing  of 
Canary  Guano  given   afterwards!  and 
watered  in.  ri«-^^ 

Obtainable  irom  all  Seedsmen  in  Cartons 
1  /-  each.  Bugs  7  lb.  3/6  ;  14  lb.  6,'6  ;  2S  lb. 

Hi-  ;  56  1b.  19/-:  1  cwt.  35  -.  or  direct 

from  the  makers. 

Write  for  FREE  Booklet  No.  11. 
containing  full  particulars  of 
Canary  Guano,  with  Garden  Diary. 
etc..  Post  free. 

'^^  CHEMICAL  UNION   LTD., 
^y^  IPSWICH. 


Notes   From   Maidslone. 
PLANTING  ROCKERIES. 


Wheti  intending  planters 
compare  the  advertised  prices 
of  Rock  Plants  a  cotisiderable 
difference  is  at  once  noticed, 
for  u'hich  there  is  a  very  good 
reason.  Could  plants  from 
different  sources  be  compared 
as  easily  as  their  prices,  this 
difference  would  at  once  become 
clear — it  is  a  difference  of 
Quality.  One  good  plant  is 
tcorth  a  dozen  ' '  little  pieces . ' ' 
All  our  Rock  Plants  are  true 
to  natne  and  established  in 
little  pots. 


The folloiving  collections  are 
recommended  and  zvill  be  sent 
PACKING  FREE  AND 
CARRIAGE  PAID  TO 
NEAREST  STATION  IN 
ENGLAND. 


No.  V. — 12  varieties  for  Uj- 
„  VI. — 2  )  in  variety  for  26 1 - 
„    VII. — 50      „  „        48!- 

„  VIII. —  700  „  ,,      700'- 

George  Bunyard  S?  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


Effective  Treatment  of  Daffodil  &  other  Bulb  Diseases 


The  certainty,  simplicity  and  economy  of  the 
"  hot- water  treatment "  of  bulb  diseases  have 
been  conclusively  proved.  The  Hearson's  Ther- 
mostatic Bulb  Treatment  Bath  makes  it  possible 
for  the  large  or  small  bulb-grower  to  completely 
annihilate  eelworm  (Tylenchus  devastatrix), 
Merodon  equestris,  and  other  pests  without 
the    slightest    injury    to  ^  the    bulbs    themselves. 

HEARSON'S 

THERMOSTATIC  BULB  TREATMENT  BATH 

maintains  the  required  temperature  automatically  and  with  little 
supervision  during  the  whole  period  of  treatment  :  the  bath  as  sent 
from  the  factory  is  complete,  self-contained,  and  needs  no  accessories : 
the  economy  of  the  method  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  cost 
of    treating    one   ton    of    bulbs    is    approximately    fifteen    shillings. 


Model  No.  J  (/^  cu-t.  of  Bulbs)  Gas  Heated. 

The  Hearson  Thermostatic  Bulb  Treatment 

Baths  are  made  for  heating  by  Gas  or    Oil, 

to   hold   from  a   few    pounds    to    1^    cwt.   of 

bulbs,  and  at  prices  from  £10  to  £45. 


THE     CERTAIN      CURE     FOR    BULB      DISEASES. 

Descriptive  Leaflet  gladly  sent  on  request  to  Dept.  A. 

CHAS.  HEARSON  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  68,  Willow  Walk,  Bermondsey,  London,  S.E.I. 

Telephone    IVo.  :      Hop     1 63. 


s^MlH^^ 


j^ 


No.  2576— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[April  2,  1921. 


A    S  many  readers  have  lately  enquired  about 
/\      the  making  of  lawns  it  may  be  pointed 

/   %     out    that    there    are    two    methods    of 

/       %   doing   this   viz.,   by  laying  down  turves 
•  *  or  by  sowing  seeds.     The  former  should 

be  done  in  early  autumn  or  winter,  but  seeds 
are  best  sown  in  the  spring,  say,  the  end 
of  March  or  early  in  April.  It  is  necessary 
that  the  ground  should  be  deeply  worked, 
thoroughly  prepared  and  carefully  levelled.  To 
ensure  a  good  crop  ijolb.  of  seed  is  necessary 
to  the  acre,  or  about  3lb.  to  every  lOO  square  yards. 
Less  is  often  used,  but  this  is  not  advisable. 
Practically  all  seedsmen  of  repute  stock  mixtures 
of  grass  seeds,  varying  the  kinds  according  to  the 
soil.  The  seedlings  usually  show  themselves  in 
about  three  or  four  weeks.  The  first  mowing 
should  be  given  when  the  young  grass  is  about 
3ins.  high.  A  sharp  scythe  is  better  than  a 
mowing  machine,  but  the  latter  may  be  success- 
fully employed  provided  that  the  knives  and 
blades  are  perfectly  adjusted  so  that  the  cutting 
is  clean.  It  is  necessary  only  to  remove 
the  tops  of  the  seedlings  at  the  first 
mowing. 

Planting  Violet  Runners.— if  flowers 
are  required  from  the  beginning  of  auturan 
throughout  the  winter,  the  runners  should 
be  in  this  month.  Select  a  south  border 
that  has  been  fairly  well  manured  and 
roughly  dug  in  autumn.  The  runners, 
most  of  which  are  now  showing  tiny 
rootlets,  should  be  dibbled  in  firmly  ift. 
apart  each  way. 

A  New  Day  Lily  (Hemerocallis 
Forrestii).  —  Tliis  comparatively  new 
species  of  Day  Lily  has  been  a  very 
attractive  object  in  the  border  throughout 
the  autumn.  The  plants  were  small  when 
put  in  four  years  ago,  but  they  grew 
vigorously  from  the  very  beginning,  the 
bold  handsome  foliage  proving  quite  ever- 
green and  never  suffering  in  the  slight- 
est degree  from  frost,  though  entirely 
improtected  diuing  a  spell  of  uncommon 
severity.  The  flower  stems  appear  in 
August  and  these,  branching  at  the 
summit  when  about  3|  feet  high,  com- 
mence opening  in  succession  their  large 
and  fragrant  apricot-yellow  blossoms. 
Thus  the  plants  will  give  us  a  long 
series  of  blooms,  the  last  of  which  will 
open  when  October  is  half  spent. 

The  Planting  of  Herbaceous  Borders. 

An  ingenious  method  of  planting  an 
herbaceous  border  appears  on  page  16::  of 
this  issue.  In  large  gardens  a  pernickety 
tidiness  is  not  easily  attained,  nor  is  it 
at  all  desirable.  The  luxuriant  masses 
of      bloom     vying     with    one     another 


and  tumbling  over  in  rich  profusion  eclipse 
altogether,  and  render  practically  unseen,  a  few 
puny  dead  stocks  of  the  departed  glory  of, 
say,  a  clump  of  Liliums  These  remarks  hold 
good  alike  for  large  as  well  as  small  borders  :  the 
only  difference  being  that  the  plants  and  clumps  are 
larger  and  smaller  in  proportion.  Truly  blessed 
beyond  words  is  the  man  who  loves  his  garden, 
it  is  the  delight  of  chUdhood.  the  solace  of  old  age, 
its  memories  gUd  the  past,  its  hopes  brighten  the 
future.  Surely  the  poet  wrote  truly  when  he 
wrote : 

"  God  gave  all  men  all  earth  to  love. 

But  since  our  hearts  are  small. 
Ordained  one  spot  should  prove  to  each, 

Beloved  over  all." 
An  Exhibit  of  the  Mourning  Iris  (I.  Susiana). 
The  many  large  flowers  of  this  singular  Iris  shown 
at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  created  a  mild  sensation.  The  flowers 
are  densely  spotted  and  striped  with  dull  purple, 
almost  black,  on  a  grey  ground,  hence  the  name, 


Mourning  Iris.  Just  lately  the  flowers  of  this 
Iris  have  been  seen  in  quantity  in  Covent  Garden 
Market.  It  flowers  well  from  imported  rhizomes, 
but  it  is  a  difficult  plant  to  winter  in  the  average 
English  garden.  It  succeeds  best  in  sunny  nooks 
on  light,  warm  soils.  Good  drainage  it  must 
have  and,  if  possible,  a  regular  roasting  in  the 
sun  all  through  the  simimer  months. 

Protecting  Asparagus  from  Frost. — .\s  the 
young  heads  appear  above  ground  they  are  apt 
to  be  injured  by  spring  frosts.  To  prevent  this, 
a  little  clean  litter  strewed  over  the  heads  in  the 
evening  when  frosts  appear  imminent  will  protect 
them  considerably. 

Late  Potatoes. — It  is  now  ad\isable  to  com- 
plete the  planting  of  these,  as  May  planting  is 
apt  to  make  the  ripening  of  the  crop  very  late. 
While  over-manuring  of  most  varieties  must  be 
avoided,  still  there  are  one  or  two  of  the  finest 
table  Potatoes  that  must  be  generously  treated 
if  best  results  are  aimed  at,  e.g.,  Langworthy, 
Golden  Wonder  and  A\Tiat's  Wanted.  Unless 
these  are  given  a  good  dressing  of 
farmyard  maniure  the  crop  will  be 
light,  but  generously  treated  no  other 
varieties  will  give  a  finer  yield  of  sound, 
high-class  tubers. 

Potting  Cacti  and  Succulent  Plants. 
Before  the  season  is  any  further  advanced, 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  potting 
of  these,  where  such  work  is  needed. 
Agaves  and  Prickly  Pears  are  frequently 
allowed  to  stand  for  years  without  fresh 
potting,  due,  no  doubt,  to  the  awkward 
character  of  the  work.  The  stronger 
growing  succulents  do  best  in  nearly  all 
loam,  with  a  free  use  of  old  lime  rubble 
and  finely  broken  crocks  to  keep  the  soil 
open  and  porous.  Alwaj-s  pot  firmly  and 
select  the  strongest  pots  available  to 
ensure  against  breakage. 


THE 


MOURNING    IRIS     (l.      SUSIANA)    NOW     TO    BE    SEEN 
IN    COVENT    GARDEN    RL\RKET. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 

April  4. — Nottingham  Chrysanthemum 
Society's  Meeting. 

April  5. — Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Daffodil  Show  (two  days).  Caledonian 
Horticultural  Society's  Meeting. 

April  7. — National  Rose  Society's  Spring 
Show  at  Vincent  Square,  Westminster. 

April  8. — -Royal  Horticultural  and 
Arhoricultural  Society  of  Ireland  Council 
Meeting. 

April  II. — United  Horticultural  Benefit 
and  Pro\'ident  Society's  Committee  Meet- 
ing. Bath  Gardeners'  Debating  Society's 
Meeting. 

April  13. — Birmingham  Daftoil  Show. 
(2  days). 


158 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  2,    1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


THE    SIZE    OF    YEW    TREES. 

TDEING  interested  in  Mr.  T.  W.  Briscoe's  article 
on  this  subject  on  page  86,  I  have  pleasure  in 
recording  the  following.  At  Ballagan,  a  small  estate 
in  Stirlingshire,  stands  a  fine  specimen  of  the  Yew, 
growing  to  a  height  of  approximately  42ft.  A 
clean  bare  stem  for  ytt.,  which  measures,  at  .5ft.  from 
the  ground,  loft.  6ins.  in  circumference.  Twenty- 
three  of  the  main  branches  droop  in  long  sweeping 
curves  to  within  2ft.  of  the  ground  and  stretch  to  a 
distance  of  just  over  2Gft.  from  the  trunk,  ground 
level.  An  additional  four  large  branches  have  been 
ruthlessly  cut  away  to  allow  the  building  of  a 
conveniently  straight  garden  %vall.  Owing  to  its 
cramped  position  against  this  wall  and  partly 
overshading  a  greenhouse,  the  real  beauty  of  the 
tree  is  entirely  lost.  In  view  of  a  date  on  part  of  the 
old  building  of  Ballagan  House,  combined  with 
history  and  tradition,  there  is  reason  to  believe  this 
tree  will,  in  all  likelihood,  be  about  300  years  old. 
There  are  also  some  fine  specimens  of  Yews  to  be 
seen  at  Dalzell,  Motherwell,  the  Scottish  residence 
of  Lord  Hamilton,  but  none  to  quite  equal  the 
above  in  measurement.  I  also  hear  of  a  famous  one 
at  Louden  Castle,  Ayrshire.  Can  any  reader  in  that 
district  please  oblige  with  details  ?  With  Mr. 
Briscoe's  reference  to  the  bow-and-arrow  period,  I 
am  proud  to  think  we  can  compare  so  favourably 
with  oiur  Southern  friends  in  growing  Yew  trees, 
though  history  tells  us  our  forefathers  could  not 
compare  with  their  Southern  foes  in  archery.— 
R.  G.,  Slirline,^hiie. 

BOX    OR    OTHER    EDGINGS. 

TN  reference  to  "  Formakin's "  suggestion  in 
your  issue  of  March  5,  page  no,  as  to  bringing 
the  bulbs  forward  and  planting  them  among  such 
subjects  as  the  Mossy  Saxifrages,  the  disadvantage 
of  this  is  that  in  any  garden  affected  by  slugs 
("  Formakin's  "  may  not  be)  that  you  will  find  a 
large  proportion  of  the  flower-buds  eaten  into  or 
probably  off  altogether  before  they  get  through 
the  mossy  cushion.  Especially  is  this  the  case 
with'Iris  reticulata.  Crocus  species  and  Colchicums. 
I  have  some  Crocus  candidus  under  Arenaria 
caespitosa  aurea  on  my  morame  that  had  nearly 
every  flower  eaten  off  or  into  recently,  also  some 
Crocus  hyemalis  that  suffered  the  same  fate  planted 
under  Potentilla  nitida.  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell's 
suggestion  is  much  the  best,  as  you  can  see  what 
is  taking  place  so  soon  as  the  bulbs  appear  and 
take  some  measures  to  restrict  the  damage.  It 
is  better  also  from  another  point  of  view,  since 
the  long,  grass-like  foliage  of  the  Crocus 
and  Iris  do  not  improve  the  appearance  of 
the  Mossy  Saxifrages  either  when  in  or  out 
of   flower.— T.    A.    L. 

FLOATING    FLOWERS    IN    BOWLS. 

CURELY  there  are  two  sides  to  every  question. 
Your  correspondent  "  H.  C.  P."  evidently 
does  not  approve  of  flowers  floating  in  a  bowl. 
The  path  before  her  therefore  seems  plainly  marked 
out — do  not  do  it  !  Sweet  Peas  and  Roses,  or  any 
flower  that  lies  flat  upon  the  water,  are  not,  to  my 
mind,  suitable  for  the  floating  process.  They  are 
sure  to  get  draggled  or  waterlogged.  I  quite 
agree,  too,  that  to  lose  the  stalks  of  flowers  is  to 
lose  much  of  their  charm  and  beauty.  But  how 
about  those  flowers  that  will  not  last  in  water 
if  cut  with  long  stalks  ?  I  wonder  if  "  H.  C.  P." 
grows  any  Lenten  Roses  (Helleborus  orieutalis), 
with  all  their  wonderful  diversity  of  shade  and 
colouring,  coming  into  bloom  just  when  flowers 
are  so  precious.     If  she  has  cut  them  with  long 


stalks,  I  fear  she  has  been  disappointed,  however 
"  sparkling "  the  water  she  has  put  them  into 
may  be.  1  have  a  big  black  bowl  full  of  them 
now,  and  to  me  they  are  a  perfect  picture.  Being 
cup-shaped,  they  float  well,  and  it  is  delightful 
to  see  the  little  buds  gradually  opening.  They 
last,  too,  for  days.  Surely  this  is  better  than 
cutting  them  with  long  stalks  and  seeing  them 
hanging  their  heads  and  looking  miserable 
and  dejected.  I  wish  "  H.  C.  P."  would 
try  some  (although  I  have  previously  advised 
her  not  to  do  so)  and  see  if  she  cannot  add 
another  flower  to  her  list.  These  Hellebores 
might  easily  be  mistaken  for  a  small  Water 
Lily.  Cut  them  with  about  2ins.  of  stalk. — 
A.    H.    Upcher,    Merioneth. 

EARLY    FLOWERS    AND    THE    MILD 

SEASON. 

TN  The  Garde.>j  of  March  12  I  notice  Lady  E. 
Byng  of  Vimy  asks  other  readers'  experience 
of  the  early  blossoming  of  Prunus  Pissardii.  From 
notes  I  made  last  spring  I  see  P.  Pissardii  was  in 
fuU  flower  here  (near  Wokingham)  on  February  22, 
1920,  quite  ten  da5'S  earlier  than  this  year.  The 
trees,  of  which  we  have  several,  are  not  growing 
in  exceptionally  sheltered  positions. ^ — C.  S.  C, 
Berks. 

OLD    VARIETIES    OF    CHRYSAN- 
THEMUMS. 

■J  CAN  assure  Mr.  C.  Orchard  (see  page  in) 
that  the  Rundle  family  of  Chrysanthemums 
is  still  in  cultivation,  for  they  are  offered  in  at 
least  two  of  the  leading  catalogues  of  Chrysan- 
themums for  1921.  They  were  the  first  varieties 
I  ever  cultivated  in  pots,  so  they  are  nearly  the 
first  I  knew.  Mrs.  G.  Rundle  is  pure  white  and 
gave  rise  to  the  primrose  sport,  Mr.  G.  Glenny. 
That,  in  turn,  gave  the  bright  yellow  sport,  Mrs. 
Dixon.  They  are  excellent  plants  for  cut  flowers, 
but  because  there  is  no  class  for  them,  they  seldom, 
if  ever,  appear  at  exhibitions.  In  size  they  recall 
the  old  Pompon  Mile.  Elise  Dordan,  which  I  was 
pleased  to  see  in  its  best  form  at  the  last  November 
exhibition  of  the  National  Chrysanthemum  Society. 
I  read  Mr.  C.  Blair's  article  in  the  issue  for 
January  22,  but  it  did  not  strilie  me  that  Niveus 
was  so  very  old  ;  besides,  it  is  too  good  a  thing 
for  December  flowering  to  be  discarded  yet,  being 
solidly  built  and  of  remarkable  purity.  Quite 
a  number  of  the  Pompons,  early  Pompons  and  the 
true  old  reflexed  Chrysanthemums  must  be  older, 
not  to  mention  old  varieties  now  growni  solely 
for  decorative  purposes. — H. 

A    DWARF    STRAIN    OF   SWEET    PEAS. 

TN  reply  to  the  question  by  "  J.  J."  (see  page  104) 
in  reference  to  a  dwarf  strain  of  Sweet  Peas,  I 
have  no  doubt  they  were  the  strain  that  originated 
in  America  and  were  sent  out  as  Bush  Sweet 
Peas.  I  examined  a  large  number  of  varieties 
on  trial  some  time  in  the  late  nineties  of  last 
century,  but  for  the  time  being  cannot  turn  to 
the  literature  of  the  day  for  a  reference  to  them. 
They  grew  2ft.  high  or  slightly  over,  but  besides 
their  dwarf  habit  I  could  see  little  to  recommend 
them,  as  the  flowers' were  only  of  medium  size. 
They  could  also  be  grown  more  closely  with  regard 
to  garden  space ;  otherwise  they  required  the 
same  cultural  care.  The  National  Sweet  Pea 
Society  never  took  them  under  its  ffigis  or  fostering 
rare,  so  they  soon  dropped  out  of  cultivation. 
I  cannot  now  find  them  in  a  leading  American 
catalogue.     The    society    in    question    seems    to 


indicate  that  it  keeps  only  one  quality — the  best. 
Where  are  Cupid,  Red  Riding  Hood  and  the 
Telemby  Sweet  Peas  ?  Even  for  decorative 
purposes  the  advocates  want  the  largest  and 
best,  so  that  the  old  grandiflora  type  is  rapidly 
losing  its  hold  on  the  fancy  of  Sweet  Pea  growers. — 

HORTULANUS. 

THE    COLOURS    OF    EARLY    SPRING 

FLOWERS. 

TN  The  Garden   of    February   19  "J.    G.  W." 
asks  why  so   many  of   our  early  spring  flowers 
are  either  white  or  yellow.       It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  the  essential  parts  of  a  flower  are  the 
stamens  and  pistils  or   male  pollen-bearing  organs 
and     the     female     seed-producing     organs.     The 
earliest  flowers  evolved   consisted  of  these  alone, 
having  no  coloured  whorl  of  petals  to  delight  the 
eye  of  bee,  butterfly  or  man,  for  these  eyes  were 
not    there    to    see    them.     In    this    respect    they 
resembled  those  borne  by  the  wind- fertilised  plants, 
such  as  the  Dog's   Mercury.     The  pollen  and  the 
stamens  of    many  flowers    are    j'ellow,   making  it 
quickly  distinguisliable   to   the  flying  insect.     The 
petals  of    the    earlic  st    flowers    being    derived    or 
developed   from   the   stamens,    were   yellow   also. 
They  gradually  passed  from  a  yellow  into  white, 
which  ensured  their  fertilisation  by  the  night-flying 
moths.     Later    the    pinli    colour    was    developed, 
then  it  deepened  into  crimson  ;     afterwards  purple 
Was  evolved,    and,   last  of  all,   true  blue.     Never 
did  development  take  place  in  a  reverse  direction 
or  in    any  other    order  (see   '  ■  Colour    of  Flowers 
as  illustrated  by  British  Flora,"   by  Grant  Allen  ; 
Macmillan).     The  more  remote  the  colour  of  the 
flower  became  from  the  primitive  greenish  yellow 
the  longer  it  took  for  its  development  in  the  history 
of  the  race  and  the  longer  we  sliould  expect  it  to 
take    in    the    individual.     We    should     therefore 
expect  to  find  flowers  of  a  greenish  yellow,  such  as 
the  Primrose,  or  white  in  the  early  part  of  the  j-ear 
when    the   chemical   rays   from   the   sun    are   not 
strong   and   the   air   is  not   warm.     As   the  days 
grow  longer  and  in  regions  where  there  is  more 
sun  we  should  expect  to  find  more  vivid  scarlets, 
purples  and  blues,  such  as  we  do  in  fact  meet  with 
in   the  tropics  and  where  there    is  a  far  keener 
competition    to   secure   insect    favours.     In   some 
cases  it  would  seem  that  white  might  be  a  pro- 
tective colour  to  the  flower  possessing  it.     It  is 
notorious   how   orange   Crocuses   are   attacked   by 
birds,    while    the    white    ones    escape.     Should    a 
fall  of  snow  take  place  an  early  flowering  white 
flower  would  escape  notice,  while  another  colour 
would  attract  any  passing  birds  to  its  destruction. 
It  is  very  wonderful  to  watch  tlie  gradual  develop- 
ment of  colour  in  any  blossom  from  its  green  bud, 
and  here  again  we  can  trace  the  development  of 
the  race  from  the  individual.     According  to  Midler 
("  Alpenblumen ")    the   flower   of   one   variety   of 
Viola  tricolor  alpestris  is  yellow  when  it  first  opens 
and    gradually    becomes    more    and    more    blue. 
Myosotis  versicolor  is  also  first  yellow  and   then 
blue,  so  that  in  these  cases  the  individual  flower 
repeats  the  phase  which  in  past  times  the  ancestors 
have    passed    through.     Lord     Avebury,     in    his 
"  Ants,  Bees  and  Wasps,"  points  out  that  in  the 
Ranunculace«   those    with    simple    open    flowers, 
such  as  Buttercups  and  Thalictrums  are  generally 
yellow    or    white.     The    blue    Delphiniums    and 
Aconites    are    highly    specialised    and    doubtless, 
therefore,    of    more    recent    origin.     Among    the 
Caryophyllaceae  the  red   and   purplish   species   are 
among  those  with  highly  specialised  flowers,  such 
as  Dianthus  and  Saponaria,  while  the  simple  open 
flowers  which  more  nearly  represent  the  ancestral 
type,  such  as  SteUaria,  and   Cerastium.  are  yellow 
and  white.  Take,  again,  the  Primulaceje,  the  open- 
flowered,    houeyless   species,   such    as    Lysimachia 


April  2,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


159 


and  Trientalis,  are  generally  wliite  or  yellow ; 
while,  red,  purple  and  blue  occur  principally 
in  the  highly  specialised  species  with  tubular 
flmvers.  Lastly,  with  the  Gentians,  while  the 
well  known  deep  blue-flowered  species  possess 
long  tubular  flowers,  specially  adapted  for  bees 
and  butterflies,  the  yellow  Gentiana  lutea  has  a 
simple  open  flower  with  exposed  honey  showing 
the  type  of  flower  from  which  the  others  developed 
in  the  course  of  long  ages.  Hildebrand  ("  Die 
Farben  der  Bluthen  ")  also  points  out  that  "  blue 
flowers  pass  in  many  cases  through  a  red  stage 
(as  in  the  Pulmonaria)  ;  frequently  vary,  as  if 
the  colours  had  not  had  time  to  fix  themselves, 
and  by  atavism  assume  their  original  colour." 
Thus  Aquilegia  vulgaris,  Ajuga  genevensis, 
Polygala  vulgaris,  P.  comosa,  Salvia  pratensis 
and  Myosotis  alpestris  and  many 
other  blue  flowers  are  often  reddish 
or  white. — H.   H.   Wakner. 

THE  ALGERIAN  HOOP 
PETTICOAT  DAFFODIL 

A  LL  the  Vcirieties  of  N.  Bulbo- 
codium,  or  Hoop  Petticoat 
Narcissus  as  this"^  group  is  popu- 
larly called,  are  charming  little 
plants,  always  interesting  on  account 
of  the  picturesque]  and  distinct 
character  of  their  flowers.  Being  all 
dwarf  in  stature  they  are  especially 
suitable  for  culture  in  pots,  and 
under  these  conditions  they  are  seen 
to  the  best  advantage.  Earliest  of 
all  to  flower  is  the  subject  of  the 
accompanying  illustration.  Narcissus 
Bulbocodium  monophyllus,  the 
Algerian  Hoop  Petticoat  Daffodil. 
In  the  open  border  this  variety 
is  usually  in  flower  in  January,  but 
unless  protected  the  frail  flowers 
are  subject  to  damage  by  weather 
at  this  season  of  the  year.  It  is 
thus  evident  that  to  enjoy  the 
beauty  of  this  winter-flowering  bulb 
it  must  have  the  protection  of  a 
cold  house,  or  if  growing  in'  a 
sunny  portion  of  the  rock  garden 
a  piece  of  glass  should  be  fixed 
above  it  to  throw  off  the  rain. 
There  are  several  other  kinds  belong- 
ing to  this  group  in  addition  to  the 
above,  one  of  the  best  being  the 
rich  yellow-flowered  N.  Bulbocodium 
conspicua,  which  comes  into  flower 
about  March.  The  flowers  are  freely 
produced  and' of  good  size.  This 
variety  has  it  home  in  wet  meadows, 
which  become  dried  up  in  summer. 
so  that  it  requires  plenty  of  moisture 
when  growing  and  flowering,  but 
afterwards  the  bulbs  should  be  well 
ripened  off.  There  is  also  the  Sulphur 
Hoop  Petticoat  (N.  B.  citrinum),  with  beautiful 
pale  citron  yellow  flowers  produced  also  in  early 
spring.  All  do  well  potted  up  in  a  compost  of 
gravelly  loam  in  autunm,  and  the  pots  should  be 
plunged  to  the  rim' outside  till  the  flowers  push 
up.— W.  I. 

SHOULD    RASPBERRY    CANES    BE 

TIPPED  ? 

T  QUITE  agree  %vith  Mr.  Turner  (page  60).  It 
is  not  difficult  to  explain  why.  After  tying, 
the  tips  of  the  canes  ought  to  be  shortened  back, 
cutting  off  about  6ins.  of  the  tips  in  order  to 
promote  the  a.\illary  growths.  Again,  it  is  the 
natural  tendency  of  canes  that  are  left  practically 
their  full  length  to  bear  fruit  only  on  the  upper 


half,  and  hence  Mr.  Turner's  system  explained 
ensures  fruit  forming  freely  at  the  base  of  the 
"  tipped  canes."  I  have  practised  tipping  the 
canes  for  a  considerable  time  and  have  always 
had  splendid  results. — James  A.  Paice,  Aldeiiham. 

POTATO    THE    McPHERSON. 

jyTR.  E.  MOLYNEUX,  in  your  issue  of 
February  19,  page  92,  mentions  this  variety 
among  his  maincrop  Potatoes.  I  note  his  closing 
remark  "  of  its  origin  I  know  little,"  so  perhaps 
the  following  may  be  of  interest  to  him  as  well 
as  to  other  readers  of  The  Garden.  Mr.  Duncan, 
Training  College  Gardens,  Mains,  Dundee,  one  of 
our  foremost  and  most  capable  men  in  horticulture 
in  Forfarshire,  had  personal  supervision  of  this 
Potato  from  the  time  the  seeds  were  sown  until 


A   Suggested   New    Race 
of   Tulips 

Tulipa  saxatilis  a  Possible  Parent 


I 


the  earliest  daffodil  to  flower   (narcissus  bulbocodium 
monophyllus)  . 


i  t  was  put  on  the  market.  The  following  is  its 
history  in  Mr.  Duncan's  own  words  :  "  The  late 
Colin  McPherson,  Carnoustie,  gathered  some 
Potato  plums  from  Paterson's  Victoria,  and  from 
the  seeds  of  tliese,  sown  in  1903.  were  ultimately 
selected  three,  which,  besides  differing  somewhat 
from  the  parent,  gave  promise  of  being  of  superior 
merit.  These  he  named  Early  Victoria,  Mc- 
pherson's Champion  and  The  McPherson."  The 
last  named  is  thus  an  accidental  seedling  selected 
from  upwards  of  a  hundred  sorts  which,  after 
being  grown  for  a  year  or  two,  were  ultimately 
discarded.  The  true  type  of  The  McPherson  is 
recognised  by  a  very  pronounced  ridge  over  the  eye, 
a  round  flatfish  tuber  well  netted  on  the  skin, 
especially  when  grown  on  heavy  soil." — W.  M.  L., 
Dundee. 


T  was  with  much  pleasure  that  I  saw  the 
charming  illustration  of  Tulipa  saxatilis 
in  a  New  Zealand  garden  (issue  of  January  22. 
page  41).  Even  to  gardeners  on  this  coast 
it  was  a  revelation,  such  masses  of  flower 
as  positively  to  hide  the  leaves,  yet  growing  among 
young  Palms  and  in  good  rich  soil  such  as  Palms 
love.  Evidently  like  all  good  Tulips,  T.  saxatilis 
enjoys  rich  diet,  and  where  Northern  gardeners 
fail  with  it,  it  is  the  want  of  sufficient  heat  and 
dryness  during  the  summer.  Misled,  perhaps,  by 
its  name,  saxatilis,  and  having 
grown  it  tolerably  well  in  a  sunny 
rock  garden  in  Yorkshire,  I  began 
here  by  giving  it  too  dry  a  position 
and  too  poor  a  soil,  and  only  in 
later  years,  when  I  planted  it  in 
good  rich  red  loam  did  it  give  me 
its  full  harvest  of  bloom,  though  I 
think  it  increases  most  rapidly  by 
stolons  in  a  poor,  dry  soil.  But 
one  thing  must  not  be  forgotten, 
no  amount  of  baking  and  summer 
drought  can  be  too  much  for  its 
powers  of  endurance  when  in  a  good 
rich,  loamy  soil. 

The  Dutch,  we  hear,  are  prepar- 
ing a  surprise  for  us  in  producing  a 
cross  between  the  dwarf  Van  Thol 
Tulip  and  the  tall  Darwin.  This 
will  no  doubt  be  useful  for  cut- 
flower  and  market  purposes,  but, 
personally,  I  sliould  much  prefer 
a  cross  between  the  Van  Thols  and 
Tulipa  saxatilis.  A  good  line  of 
Van  Thol  Tulips  glittering  in  the 
sun  a  few  weeks  ago  made  me 
think  that  a  cross  with  T.  saxatilis, 
another  dwarf  early  and  very 
floriferous  Tulip,  would  be  even 
more  desirable.  Most  certainly 
such  a  hybrid  would  be  a  great 
gain  to  gardens,  though  perhaps 
not  so  useful  for  cut-flowers  as  a 
longer  stalked  variety,  but  the 
bouquets  of  three,  four  or  five 
flowers  that  T.  saxatilis  produces 
would  have  a  wonderful  effect 
in  a  garden  !  The  one  fault  of  T. 
saxatilis  is  that  its  beautiful  but 
delicate  peach  pink  and  yellow 
colouring  is  soon  tarnished  in  a 
bright  sun  when  an  east  wind 
blows,  so  a  clever  hybridiser  would 
just  add  an  additional  beauty  if  he 
succeeded  in  giving  it  a  more  lasting 
and  brilliant  colour  which,  if 
not  necessarily  more  beautiful,  would  be  more 
effective  in  the  garden.  Perhaps,  also,  the  hybrids 
would  not  demand  such  extreme  drought  and  heat 
in  summer  as  is  favourable  to  T.  saxatilis,  which 
would  be  desirable  in  most  situations,  especially 
in  the  North. 

There  is  now  a  new  Violet  that  is  clear  pink  in 
colour  and  said  to  be  very  hardy  and  floriferous, 
but  somehow  it  has,  to  my  eyes,  a  frivolous  effect, 
as  if  it  were  trying  to  be  something  else,  or  in  fancy 
dress,  if  one  may  so  express  it.  In  my  youth  I 
often  heard  of  the  yellow  Violet,  and  have  once  or 
twice  seen  such  a  flower  ;  it  has  never  been  a 
success,  but  I  think  if  we  could  get  the  colour  of  the 
Neapolitan  Violet  in  the  hardier  Russian  Violet 
it  would  be  a  real  acquisition. 

Nice.  E.  H.  VV. 


160 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  2,  1921. 


HOW   TO    EXCEL    WITH    BEGONIAS 

For   Cool   Greenhouse   and  for   Outside   Beds   and  Borders   there   is 

710  Plant  which  Gives  a  Greater   Abundance  of  Large  Blooms  with 

Vivid  Range  in  Colours  than  the  Tuberous  Begonia 


How  very  few  understand  the  tuberous- 
rooted  Begonia,  more  especially  the 
care  of  the  tubers  after  the  season 
is  over.  The  right  place  for  the 
Begonia  is  that  vacated  by  the 
Geranium.  Whereas  the  latter  was  far  too 
overdone  in  Victorian  times,  the  Begonia  is  rarely 
seen  in  rude  health,  vjong  with  anything  in  the 
whole  garden,  as  it  should  be.  Geraniums  and  their 
cuttings  are  an  unmitigated  nuisance  in  the  glass 
houses  in  winter,  but  the  Begonia  tubers  can  be 
stored  away  and  cause  no  trouble. 

First  obtain  the  tubers  from  a  reliable  seedsman, 
and  if  they  are  hard  on  arrival  put  them  into 
a  light,  moist  greenhouse  where  the  temperature 
does  not  range  more  than  45°  to  65''Fahr.  As 
soon  as  the  tubers  become  soft  they  are  ready  for 
starting.  Use  a  compost  of  loam,  sand,  and  old  Oak 
leaf-mould   in   equal   proportions,    adding   to   this 


up,  syringe  mth  a  fine  mist-like  spray  morning 
and  afternoon.  The  first  roots  to  form  are  at  the 
base  of  the  new  shoots  and  fill  the  concave  hollow 
of  the  tuber.  After  this  these  roots  spread  further 
out,  therefore  the  tubers  can  touch  one  another 
in  the  starting  boxes.  They  should  be  quite 
3ins.  high  before  they  are  transferred  to  pots. 
Two  shifts  in  pots  are  usual,  but  one  is  sufficient 
for  bed  and  border  work,  and  this  should  be  into 
a  5in.  or  48.  Use  the  very  same  compost,  potting 
them  firmly  and  putting  more  soil  over  the  tubers. 
When  the  plants  have  made  two  or  three  good 
leaves  give  them,  after  a  good  drenching  of  pure 
water,  1-320Z.  of  ammonium  nitrate  (96  per  cent, 
pure)  to  the  gallon  of  water.  A  gallon  will  be 
sufficient  for  twenty  to  thirty  plants.  Do  not  let 
the  solution  touch  the  foliage,  but  if  by  chance 
it  should  do  so,  syringe  it  off.  The  plants  will 
require  ammonium  nitrate  two  or  three  times  more 


them  seven  years  in  perfect  concUtion — the  single, 
the  double,  crispa  or  frilled  single,  cristata,  the 
crested  single  and  the  numerous  decorative  kinds. 
Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons  of  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  are  introducing  a  Narcissus-flowered 
Begonia  which  resembles  a  single  frilled  Begonia 
with  a  frilled  and  fluted  trumpet  in  the  centre. 
It  is  a  most  delightful  flower,  and  can  be  had  in  all 
the  Begonia  range  of  colouring.        C.  A.  Jardine. 


Tl 
i 


A    BED    OF    TUBEROUS    BEGONIAS    AT    MALVERN    LODGE,    WORCESTER    PARK. 


one  quarter  part  of  very  old  cow  manure,  which 
should  be  like  old  mould.  To  every  cubic  yard 
of  compost  sow  Joz.  of  sulphate  of  potash,  30ZS. 
of  steamed  bone  flour,  and  30ZS.  of  slaked  lime 
of  the  purest  grade.  Incorporate  and  mix 
thoroughly  and  leave  for  a  day  or  two.  The 
sand  must  be  Bedford  quartz  sand  in  fine,  medium 
and  coarse  grades  well  mixed  together.  The 
tuberoiis-rooted  Begonia  loves  lime,  which  keeps 
it  free  of  disease,  but  the  fibrous-rooted  kinds 
are  mycotrophic  and  lime  will  kill  them.  Shallow 
boxes  covered  with  a  single  layer  of  large  crocks  are 
best  to  start  the  tubers  in.  Over  the  crocks  place  a 
layer  of  dead  grass  roots,  then  the  compost  about 
lin.  deep.  Put  the  tubers  on  this  soil  layer 
concave  side  uppermost.  Cover  the  tubers  with 
more  compost,  pressing  it  firmly  all  round  ;  then 
still  more  compost  on  top  xmtil  after  all  has  been 
evenly  firmed  over  there  is  |ia.  of  soil  above  the 
tubers.  If  the  soil  was  in  the  proper  state  of 
moisture,  water  will  not  be  necessary  for  a  day  or 
two,  but  after  this  soak  them  with  water  to  make 
the  drainage  run  freely.  Plenty  of  light  in  a  green- 
house with  the  temperature  at  night  not  below 
45°  and  during  the  day  65°  suits  them  admirably. 
As  soon  as  the  soil  cracks  and  the  new  shoots  push 


up  to  the  time  the  flowers  are  at  their  best.  The 
third  application  should  be  1-160Z.  and  the  last 
Joz.  to  the  gallon  of  water. 

For  outside  purposes  a  compost  similar  to  that 
described  above  should  be  used,  and  if  possible 
should  be  a  foot  in  depth.  It  does  not  matter  if 
it  is  all  clay  below  this,  but  of  course  free  drainage 
is  preferable.  There  is  no  difficulty  in  knocking 
the  Begonias  out  of  their  pots  and  planting  them 
in  the  prepared  beds  or  borders,  in  full  sun  or 
partial  shade,  provided  the  tubers  are  kept  cool. 
For  this  reason  sand,  leaf-mould  and  old  cow 
manure  are  necessary.  A  thorough  watering 
when  required,  followed  by  raking  the  soil  surface 
to  prevent  evaporation,  are  the  only  cultural 
details.  As  the  Begonias  will  be  in  flower  at 
planting-out  time,  any  colour  scheme  can  easily 
be  arranged.  Do  not  allow  any  seeds  to  form, 
as  this  taxes  the  strength  of  the  plants  too  much. 
At  the  end  of  the  season  take  up  the  plants  with 
a  good  ball  of  earth  attached  and  place  them  on 
shelves  in  a  cool,  dry  greenhouse.  As  the  leaves 
and  stems  die  and  rot,  pull  them  off,  and  finally 
shake  away  all  the  dry  soil.  Put  in  trays  and 
store  free  from  frost  and  moisture.  They  will 
be  just  as  good  the  following  year.     I  have  had 


Planting  Out   Sweet   Peas 

The  Preparation  of  the  Soil  is  the 
Secret  of  Success 

HE  selection  of  varieties  of  Sweet  Peas 
is  a  very  serious  one  to  the  small  grower 
and  beginner.  The  preparation  of  the 
soil  needs  both  careful  consideration  and 
real  hard  work  to  ensure  success,  and 
on  this  latter  point  a  few  remarks  at  this  season 
may  not  be  out  of  place. 

At  this  late  date  it  is  presumed  that  the  actual 
trenching  or  digging  has  been  done,  say,  some 
time  previously,  and  the  very  dry 
weather  conditions  prevailing  during  the 
month  of  February  will  have  done  much 
to  ameliorate  the  soil,  especially  if  it  is 
of  a  heavy  nature  ;  and  it  is  in  this 
class  of  soil  where  the  plants  will  benefit 
so  much  by  a  little  extra  preparation 
before  actually  putting  the  plants  out 
If  the  ground  has  been  dug  during  the 
autumn  it  will  have  become  sufficiently 
consolidated  for  all  practical  purposes 
whether  it  is  of  a  light  or  heavy  nature, 
and  the  chief  concern  will  be  to 
thoroughly  disintegrate  the  surface  to 
\  tlie  depth  of  3  inches  or  4  inches  with 

the  fork   or  Bucko  cultivator,   which- 
ever  seems    the  most  suitable  for  the 
class  of  soil   to  be  treated,    though   in 
most  cases  the  fork  will  be    the   best. 
It  is  not   sufficient    to   just   move   the 
surfaoe,   but  it  should  be  well  broken 
up,  as  mentioned  above,  sorne  3  inches 
or  4    inches,    and   if  there  is  a  possi- 
bility   of    trouble    from    slugs    a    fair 
dressing  of  soot  or  freshly  slaked  lime 
worked    in    will    do    much    to    lessen 
trouble  in  this  direction.   The  real  bene- 
fits derived  from  this  extra  cultivation 
of     the    surface    soil    is    that    the    roots,     once 
they   commence    to   grow,    can   ramble   about   at 
will  in   all  directions   and  not  grow  in  one  way 
only,    as   they   are  likely   to  do  when   the  soil  is 
just  a  series  of   lumps   butting  one  on  the  other. 
The  expert  grower  will  know  that  whatever  pains 
are  taken  with  the  preparation  of  the  soil  before 
planting  are  amply  repaid,  not  only  by  the  greater 
ease  in  the  actual  operation  of  planting,  but  also 
by   the   greater   rapidity   with   which    the   young 
plants  take  to  the  soil,   and  it  is  a  very  decided 
advantage  for  the  plants  to  get  away  without  a 
check  of  any  kind. 

It  is  a  very  usual  practice  to  raise  plants  in 
pots  and  boxes,  both  in  the  autumn  and  early 
spring,  for  planting  in  the  open  ground,  and  with 
few  exceptions  such  a  practice  has  been  found  the 
most  successful  for  getting  good  blooms,  though 
I  must  say  only  this  last  season  I  heard  of  an 
instance  where  seed  was  sown  in  very  hard  and 
unworked  ground  in  the  open,  and  the  resulting 
plants  gave  bloom  as  good  if  not  better  than  those 
raised  in  pots.  Whether  such  a  procedure  can  be 
relied  upon  to  give  such  good  results  over  a  series 
of  years  I  cannot  say  ;  but  plants  raised  in  pots 
or  boxes  I   can  ,'say  will  do  so,   for  I   have  not 


April   2,   1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


161 


recorded  even  a  comparative  failure  during  tlie 
past  tweuty-eight  years. 

When  the  plants  are  raised  or  have  been  potted 
off  singly  the  question  may  be  raised  as  to  the 
advisability  of  planting  the  ball  of  soil  as  it  comes 
out  of  the  pot.  or  shaliing  tlie  roots  free  of  the  soil. 
The  latter  system  I  mucli  prefer,  as  in  this  case 
some  of  the  roots  will  be  further  beneath  the 
surface  and  all  of  them  in  contact  with  the  fresh 
soil,  and  though  the  existing  roots  may  not  contimie 
growing  right  away  at  the  tips,  they  will  at  least 
soon  throw  out  numerous  young  roots  in  all 
directions.  True,  those  planted  out  with  the 
balls  intact  may  appear  to  grow  away  a  little 
more  quickly  at  first,  but  imder  ordinary  con- 
ditions those  shalven  out  will  soon  overtal<e  them  and 
ventually  will  make  the  best  growth  and  be  better 
able  to  withstand  prolonged  periods  of  drought. 

Whichever  system  is  adopted,  the  actual  planting 
should  be  done  carefully,  taking  pains  not  to 
plant  too  deep  or  there  may  be  losses  from  the 


ravages  of  slugs.  Firmness  is  positively  essential, 
providing  the  soil  is  in  the  right  condition  as  to 
disintegration  and  moisture,  but  the  surface 
should  be  left  loose  so  that  the  ground  gets  the 
full  benefit  from  the  heat  of  the  sun  and  rainfall. 

The  date  of  planting  will  be  governed  somewhat 
by  the  state  of  the  plants,  soil  and  weather 
conditions  generally,  but  where  the  plants  are  of 
fair  size,  say,  from  3  inches  to  5  inches  in  height, 
and  thorouglily  hardened,  early  planting  is  strongly 
to  be  recommended.  Rarely  are  properly  hardened 
plants  seriously  affected  by  frost,  but  cold,  biting 
winds  will  upset  them  con- 
siderably ;  and  when  very 
early  planting  is  practised 
some  provision  should  be 
made  for  protecting  the 
young  plants,  and  even  a 
few  bushy  twigs  jwill  do 
this  quite  eft'ectively. 

Thomas  Stevensoii. 


and  T.  Pavonia,  the  true  peacock  Tiger  Iris" 
For  brilliance  of  colour  there  are  no  flowers 
to  equal  these  gorgeous  tiger  flowers  from  llexico, 
and  yet  they  are  so  seldom  seen.  All  who  have  an 
opportunity  of  growing  these  interesting  plants 
should  make  a  point  of  doing  so,  even  though  it 
might  only  be  a  small  clump  of  half  a  dozen  bulbs. 
The  plants  require  very  much  the  same  treatment 
as  Gladioli.  According  to  some  authorities  it  is 
ad\'isable  to  lift  the  bulbs  in  November  and  dry 
and  store  them.  We  think  it  best  to  leave  the 
bulbs   in    the    ground    and   to   cover   with    ashes. 


Planting  the  Gorgeous  Tiger  Iris 

Being  a  Native  of  Mexico,  the  Tiger  Iris  Naturally 

Requires  a   Position  where   it    can   receive  Plenty  of 

Sunshine.     The  Bulbs  Should  be  Planted  in  the  Open 

Within   the   Next   Feio    Weeks 


By    the    editor. 

AT  this  time  of  the  yearyour  thoughts  turn 
unerringly  to  the    planting  of  Tigridias  or 
Tiger  Irises.    Of  all  the  brilliant  flowers  of 
August    none   is    more   gorgeously    coloured    and 


spotted.  Last  year  they 
flowered  exceptionally 
well,  and  this  is  how  they 


were  grown. 


OF  ALL  THE  BRILLIANT  FLOWERS  OF  AUGUST  NONE  IS    MORE 
GORGEOUSLY  COLOURED  AND  SPOTTED  THAN  THE  TIGER  IRIS. 


The  bulbs 
were 
pla  n  t  e  d 
in  a  sunny 
bed    o'f 

sandy  peat  the  first  week  in  April, 
and  they  were  covered  with  about 
2  ins.  of  soil.  Not  that  sand  or 
peat  were  essential.  The  Tiger 
Iris  may  prefer  a  hot  sandy  soil, 
but  we  have  known  it  to  flower 
magnificently  in  the  stiffest  of 
stiff  clays.  The  bulbs  should, 
however,  be  planted  rather  less 
than  this  depth  in  heavy  ground. 
.Above  all  things,  it  is  necessary 
that  the  soil  should  be  well 
draineu,  for  although  they  flourish 
in  a  dripping  summer  and  plenty 
of  moisture  is  appreciated  in  the 
glowing  season,  anything  in  the 
nature  o-  stagnant  damp  is  fatal 
to  success.  Some  months  ago  a 
reader  explained  in  these  pages 
that  it  was  quite  a  simple  matter 
to  grow  the  Tiger  Irises  from  seed, 
and  in  his  opinion  the  seedlings 
surpass  in  vigour  those  plants 
raised  from  imported  and  stored 
bulbs.  Seedlings  will  flower  in 
their  second  or  third  season.  How- 
ever, they  are  a  great  success 
when  grown  from  bulbs,  and  give 
little  or  no  trouble  in  cultivation. 
Among  the  most  brilliant  of 
these  Mexican  flowers  are  Tigrida 
conchiflora,  the  Shell  Flower, 
chrome  yellow,  spotted  crimson  in 
the  centre ;  alba  grandiflora, 
magnificent  white,  heavily  spotted 
with  carmine  in  the  cup  ;  alba 
immaculata,  pure  white ;  T. 
grandiflora  rubra,  large  ruby 
centre     on     yellow      ground ; 


TIGRIDA    CONCHIFLORA,    CHROME 
CRIMSON    SPOTS. 


YELLOW    AND 


The  evanescence  of  their  wonderful  blooms  renders 
them  difficult  subjects  to  exhibit,  and  for  this 
reason  we  so  seldom  see  them  at  flower  shows. 
In  this  respect  the  Tiger  Iris  is  like  theCistus  or 
Rock  Rose,  but  is  it  not  true  that  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  things  in  Nature  are  the  most  evanes- 
cent ?  They  crowd  into  a  few  hours  brilliancy 
of  colour  and  splendour  too  intense  to  last. 
Although  the  individual  flower  of  the  Tiger  Iris 
lasts  only  for  a  single  day,  each  bulb  throws  a 
number  of  buds  and  the  plants  are  attracti\e  for 
a  considerable  period. 


A  Californian  Reader's  Experience 
with  Iris  unguicularis 

I.v  looking  over  some  back  numbers  of  The 
Garden  of  the  spring  of  1920,  I  noted  several 
articles  on  Iris  unguicularis  and  its  flowering . 
Having  grown  it  this  year  for  the  first  time,  I 
was  interested  in  comparing  my  expeiience  with 
those  given.  My  plants,  only  three  in  number, 
were  set  out  on  No\'ember  20,  and  were,  of 
course,  cut  back  to  about  6ms.  On  February  13, 
less  than  three  months  from  planting,  the  first 
blossom  opened,  closely  followed  by  several  others. 
The  stems  were  of  good  length,  being  at  least 
6ins.  Other  flower-buds  are  now  (February  20) 
evident,  as  well  as  plenty  of  new  growth.  Accounts 
of  Iris  unguicularis  agree  that  it  takes  a  well 
established  plant  to  bloom,  but  my  expeiience 
seems  to  differ.  Perhaps  our  mild  winter  has  had 
much  to  do  with  the  free  flowering,  although  wc 
have  had  a  great  deal  of  rain  and  many  cloudy 
days.  Our  winter  climate  is  much  like  your 
own  of  southern  England. 
Oroville,  Califoniia.     (Mrs.)  Leila  B.  Stapleton. 


162 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  2,   1921. 


A    Beautiful    Shrub    from 
New  South  Wales 

During  the  month  of  February  Grevillea  sulphurea 
was  a  mass  of  pale  yellow  flowers,  the  plant  growing 
at  the  base  of  a  wall  with  a  south  aspect.  1 1 
blooms  at  a  time  when  flowers  outside  are  none 
too  plentiful,  and  being  the  hardiest  of  the 
Grevilleas,  it  deserves  to  be  planted  more  freely. 
In  many  districts  the  protection  of  a  wall  is  a 
necessity,  but  in  more  favoured  localities,  such 
as  Devon  and  Cornwall,  it  can  be  placed  in  a 
more  open  position.  It  is  a  native  of  New  South 
Wales,  and  is  regarded  by  some  as  a  variety  of 
G.  juniperina.  G.  sulphiurea  is  evergreen,^  and 
the  small  needle-like  leaves,  set  closely  onjthe 
branches,    render   the   whole    plant    attractive   at 


carmine,  arranged  in  terminal  clusters  with  narrow 
leaves,  otherwise  very  like  the  Rosemary.  This 
species   is    also    a   native    of   New   South   Wales. 


They  will  succeed  in  good  ordinary  garden  soil, 
but  if  it  is  of  a  heavy  nature  peat  and  leaf-mould 
may  be  added  with  advantage.  T.  W.  B. 


THE   PALE   YELLOW  FLOWERS    OF    GREVILLEA 
SULPHUREA. 

all  seasons.  At  Messrs.  Veitch's  Coombe  Wood 
Nursery  it  was  a  success  as  a  shrub,  reaching  some 
4ft.  to  5ft.  high  and  as  much  in  circumference. 
May  and  June  are  often  given  as  the  months  in 
which  it  blooms,  but  here  in  the  Chepstow  district 
it  flowers  much  earlier.  Cuttings  made  of  half 
ripened  shoots  root  readily  during  July  and 
August,  if  placed  in  a  close  frame  with  a  little 
bottom-heat. 

A     suitable     companion     to     the     above     is 
G.   rosmarinifolia  ;    the  flowers  are  a  bright  rosy 


The    Planting    of    Herbaceous    Borders 

A   Departure  from   the   Orthodox  Method 


NOT  a  lew  of  your  readers  will  now 
be  considering  either  rearranging  their 
herbaceous  borders  or  making  new 
ones,  and  a  few  hints  may  be  useful ; 
even  if  not  followed,  they  may  at  least 
cause  intending  planters  to  consider  and,  reflect 
on  what  they  are  about  to  do.  There  are,  alas  ! 
comparatively  few  owners  and  still  fewer  pro- 
fessional gardeners  who  give  the  artistic  side  of 
gardening  one  careless  thought ;  their  main  idea 
seems  to  be  the  cultivation  of  large  blooms  and, 
ifj possible,  something  new.  Personally,  I  must 
frankly  own  I  fall  rather  a  ready  victipi  to  the 
latter  ;  I  would  I  had  the  strength  of  will  to  select 
the  best  variety,  or  what  I  thought  the  best  of 
each  family  and  grow  that  in  quantity,  instead 
of  a  tendency  to  make  my  borders  rather  spotty, 
like  Joseph's  coat  of  many  colours.  The  most 
essential  quality  of,  at  lea.st,  the  main  portion  of 
a  garden  is  to  give  a  peacefij  repose,  a  feeling  of 
rest  and  contentment,  to  the  exclusion  of  worry 
and  the  petty  cares  of  life.  The  mind  and  body 
ought  both  to  be  soothed  to  rest ;  for  example, 
no  matter  how  charming  be  the  flowers,  if  one's 
feet  are  ankle  deep  struggling  through  a  sea  of 
grating  gravel  there  can  be  no  restful  feeling, 
therefore  a  path,  be  it  of  whatsover  material,  must 
be  pleasant  to  the  tread.  Light  and  shade  are 
always  an  agreeable  feature,  and  let  the  grounds 
be  so  constructed  as  to  give  variety.  If  your 
friend  can  see  all  the  garden  from  one  point  of 
view  much  interest  is  lost,  it  is  the  discovery  of 
something  unexpected  that  gives  interest  and 
enjoyment.  A  well-furnished  house  has  not  all 
its  treasures  in  one  room ;  on  wandering  about, 
some  masterpiece,  be  it  of  furniture,  porcelain  or 
picture,  wiU  be  found  in  some  rather  obscured 
corner,  and  you  leave  your  host  with  the  firm 
conviction  that  there  must  still  be  many  fine  things 
which  you  have  not  seen  and  look  forward  to  the 
next  visit ;  precisely  the  same  thing  happens  in 
the  garden.  But  I  have  woefully  wandered  from 
my  herbaceous  border  planting.  All  the  pre- 
liminary instructions  I  have  had  the  misfortune  to 
see,  read  something  like  this:  "After  having 
completed  trenching  make  the  surface  of  the  soil 
perfectly  smooth  with  a  slight  fall  to  the  front." 
Well,  that  is  excellent  advice  for  commencing  to 
make  a  dull  and  uninteresting  border.  I  should 
much  prefer  after  this  trenching  operation  (which, 
by  the  way,  sometimes  does  more  harm  than  good) 
to  leave  the  surface  of  the  soil  like  the  waves  of 
the  sea,  up  and  down.  Some  plants  want  rather 
a  dry  position  ;  others  a  damp  one ;  and  this 
unevenness  helps  to  accommodate  both.  Readers 
will  find  that  if  a  plant  suffers  from  too  much 
damp  in  winter  a  good  spadeful  of  soil  temporarily 
taken  out  at  the  side  of  it  will  often  give  the 
necessary  dryness  to  enable  the  plant  to  pull 
through  the  winter,  when  otherwise  it  would  be 
lost ;  while  the  plants  seeking  dampness,  if  planted 
in  the  hollows,  will  get  more  natural  moisture  and 
fuller  advantage  of  any  water  which  may  be  given 
them.  .A.gain,  if  the  garden  be  small  and  space 
limited,  an  uneven  surface  wUl  accommodate 
more  plants  than  a  level  one.  If  all  the  mountains 
of  Scotland  were  cut  off  it  would  be  a  very  small 


as  well  as  a  very  dull  place  !  Now  having  got  the 
surface  of  yomr  border  rather  wavy — clearly  under- 
stand, not  dotted  over  with  a  number  of  little 
mounds  like  mole-hills — start  to  arrange  your 
plants.  I  will  assume  that  the  border  is  being  recon- 
structed and  very  possibly  may  contain  several 
plants  which  wiU  ill  agree  with  a  "  fitting,"  such 
as  Pceony  Roses  and  some  of  the  Liliums — if  at  all 
possible  these  had  better  not  be  disturbed.  No 
doubt,  however,  the  same  variety  of  plants  have 
hitherto  been  planted  in  the  border  in  different 
clumps — I  sincerely  trust  not  in  rows  or  at  regular 
intervals — but  be  it  thus  or  otherwise,  let  all  the 
plants  of  one  kind  be  put  in  one  heap,  as  likewise  all 
the  other  varieties  in  heaps  by  themselves.  Having 
done  this,  on  consideration,  you  will  find  that 
it  will  take  up  no  more  space  to  plant,  say,  seven 
clumps  of  Phlox  in  one  irregular  patch  than  the 
seven  plants  previously  occupied  dotted  over  the 
border,  and  the  effect  will  be  much  more  striking  and 
decorative.  Continue  thus  planting  so  that  when 
the  border  is  completed  only  one  clump  of  each 
variety,  be  it  a  large  clump  or  a  small  one,  will  be 
seen  in  that  border,  and  you  can  blame  "  For- 
makin  "  if  the  effect  is  not  much  finer  than  having 
them  dotted  over  the  border  as  heretofore. 
Needless  to  say,  many  of  the  specimens  will  require 
division,  and  only  the  strongest  parts,  which  are 
usually  at  the  outside  of  the  plant,  are  replanted. 
1  know  the  objection  will  be  raised  that  this  method 
will  leave  bare  and  rather  unsightly  patches  when 
the  plants  thus  treated  are  out  of  bloom.  That 
objection,  however,  can  be  largely  met  by  the 
judicious  use  of  bulbs  or  annuals.  For  example, 
take  a  large  patch  of  one  of  the  mossy  Saxifrages, 
the  green  in  winter  is  charming  of  itself,  but  can 
be  made  more  interesting  by  having  Iris 
reticulata  growing  through  it,  which  will  be  kept 
clean  by  the  mossy  carpeting  of  the  Saxifrage ; 
later  we  will  have  the  bloom  of  the  Saxifrage 
itself,  possibly  in  May,  to  be  followed  by  either, 
say,  English  or  Spanish  Iris,  then  by  Lilium 
Martagon  album  (most  Liliums  like  the 
damp  soil  which  the  Saxifrage  covering  will  give 
them)  ;  and  this  again,  might  be  followed  up  by 
Crocus  speciosum,  which  looks  charming  in  autumn, 
amid  the  bright  green  carpet,  and  is  kept  perfectly 
clean.  Thus  in  this  clump  you  have  had  five 
different  blooms.  Clumps  of  .-Vnemone  japonica  can 
be  made  gay  in  early  spring  by,  say,  Scilla  sibirica  ; 
this  to  be  followed  by  one  of  the  Liliums,  and  the 
.\nemone  itself  will  complete  the  season — three 
blooms  on  this  patch. 

The  Pseony  by  Crocus,  Lilies  and  Tulips ;  the 
Bocconia  cordata,  with  its  late  but  lovely  foliage, 
can  be  planted  with  Trillium  grandiflorum,  which 
will  make  a  bold  show  in  early  spring  and  appre- 
ciate the  shade  of  its  bed  companion  in  the  heat  of 
summer.  I  only  make  a  few  suggestions,  combina- 
tions of  this  nature  are  legion.  On  no  account 
let  the  planter  fall  into  the  pitfall  of  placing  all 
his  tall  plants  at  the  back  of  the  border  and  sloping 
gradually  in  height  down  to  the  front ;  slap 
in  a  clump  of  something  tall,  be  it  Liliums  or 
Delphinium  Belladonna,  at  the  very  front  of  the 
border.  The  hillsides  do  not  commence  with 
Thyme  at  the  foot  and  finish  off  with  Oak  trees 


April  2,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


163 


at  the  top  !  Let  some  of  the  plants  sprawl  over 
the  walk,  it  gives  a  look  of  freedom  to  the  poor 
things.  Surely  you  do  not  admire  Delphiniums, 
Pyrethrums  or  Michaelmas  Daisies  tied  up  like 
sheaves  of  corn  ?  Of  course,  on  no  account  must 
there  be  any  red  soil  seen  in  summer.  The  entire 
plot  is  covered  with  bloom  or  foliage,  no  need  for 
the  Dutch  hoe  or  room  for  weeds  to  grow.  Again 
reverting  to  tying  and  staking,  with  the  exception 
of  Delphiniums  and  possibly  a  few  other  things, 
the  less  that  is  done  in  that  direction  the  better. 
Even  Pyrethrums  look  quite  nice  sprawling  about 
on  the  ground.  If  at  all  possible  every  garden 
ought  to  have  a  special  border  from  which  to  cut 
flowers  for  friends  or  house  decoration  ;  it  always 
detracts  from  a  border  to  see  cut  patches  of  blooms. 
There  is  no  need  to  be  afraid  to  let  an  Azalea,  or  a 
clump  of  Azaleas  if  the  space  be  a  large  one,  stray 
into  the  herbaceous  border.  While  in  bloom  if  they 
be  flanked  by  a  clump  of  white  Campanula  or, 
again,  by  ."Vnemone  japonica  alba,  when  their 
leaves  are  aglow  with  autumn  tints,  the  effects 
are  both  alike  charming.  Quite  a  number  of 
Roses  are  v'ery  effective  in  the  herbaceous  border, 
such  as  Moyseii,  Austrian  Copper,  .\ustrian  Yellow, 
York  and  Lancaster,  Maiden's  Blush,  under  which 
latter  might  be  planted  a  few  roots  of  Tropjeolum 
speciosum  to  clothe  its  branches  in  scarlet  towards 
the  autumn  of  the  year.  -  Formakim. 


A      LOVELY      LILY      FOR     SPRING 

PLANTING 

Lilium   auratum  in   a  Northern   Garden 


The  picture  illustrating  a  striking  group  of 
Lilium  auratum  in  the  gardens  of  Ormidale, 
Brodick,  Arran,  the  summer  residence  of  Mr. 
Claude  Lemon,  shows  some  which  reach  7ft.  in 
height,  and  have  anything  to  twenty  flowers  on 
a  spike.  The  flowers  themselves  measure  about 
Sins,  across.  The  remarkable  feature  is  that  it 
is  over  thirty  years  ago  since  the  bulbs  were 
first  planted.  Ever  since  then  they  have  been 
carefully  lifted,  divided  and  re-planted  about 
every  second  year,  and  no  protection  whatever 
has  been  given  during  the  winter  months. 

In  dividing  the  bulbs,  the  offsets  are  carefully 
separated  from  the  old  parent  and  any  spent 
bulbs  thrown  away.  The  finest  bulbs  are  then 
planted  in  the  centre  of  the  bed,  and  the  smaller 
ones  form  the  border.  Even  the  very  young 
bulblets  bear  flowers.  Some  are  to  be  seen 
flowering  with  a  growth  of  only  2ft.  from  the 
ground.  The  first  year  following  re-planting, 
after  the  soil  has  been  enriched  by  fresh  leaf-mould 
and  turf,   the  flowers  are   particularly  large,   but 


somewhat  fewer  in  number.  The  illustration 
depicts  the  second  year's  growth,  when  the  spikes 
are  weighed  down  with  a  multitude  of  blooms. 

The  situation  of  the  garden  is  rather  exceptional. 
It  slopes  down  towards  the  north,  where  Brodick 
Bay  stretches  out  and  Goatfell  towers  aloft  in 
the  distance.  To  the  east  it  is  sheltered  by  the 
house,  but  is  open  to  the  sun  from  the  south-east 
to  the  south-west.  Tall  Larch  and  Firs  border 
the  western  slopes  and  mingle  their  fragrance 
with  the  exquisite  perfume  of  the  flowers. 

The  climate  is  mild  and  rainy,  and  there  are  no 
very  great  extremes  of  temperature  either  in 
winter  or  summer.  The  soil  is  a  sandy  loam, 
mingled  with  substances  usually  present  in 
carboniferous  strata,  and  is  well  drained,  though 
retentive.  Arran  is  famous  for  Potatoes,  and 
many  notable  varieties  have  been  introduced 
here,  but  it  is  none  the  less  remarkable  that 
Lilies  such  as  these  should  flourish,  and  that 
nothing  approaching  them  in  size  or  profusion 
can  be  found  any%vhere  round  about        E.  W.  T. 


LILIUM    AURATUM    SEVEN    FEET    HIGH    AT    BRODICK,    ARRAN. 
The  bulbs  were  first  planted  thirty  years  ago. 


164 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  2,   1921. 


SOME  ATTRACTIVE  GREEN-LEAVED 

HOLLIES 

The  Best    Time  for  Planting  is  Within  the  Next   Few  Weeks 


TH  E  Hollies  include  a  large  number  of 
species  and  varieties  which  differ  very 
much  in  habit  and  leafage.  Some  are 
little  better  than  curiosities,  and  are 
only  worth  planting  in  places  where 
full  collections  of  varieties  are  grown.  Others 
are  among  the  most  beautiful  hardy  evergreens, 
and  are  worth  places  in  gardens  where  tree  and 
shrub  collections  are  limited  to  choice  subjects. 
Fortunately,  Hollies  thrive  in  a  variety  of  soils 
and  under  many  conditions,  for  they  succeed  in 
light  and  heavy  loams,  light  clays,  and  also  in 
peat,  while  they  withstand  exposure  to  full  sun 
and  also  the  rather  dense  shade  of  woods.     They 


The  idea  is  one  that  might  well  be  copied,  par- 
ticularly in  a  wooded  district.  When  seen  in 
November  many  of  the  trees  were  covered  with 
fruit,  and  on  a  bright  day  the  effect  was  very 
good.  When  planting  HoUies  the  mistake  is 
often  made  of  giving  them  too  little  room,  imme- 
diate appearance  is  considered  instead  of  the 
effect  likely  to  be  produced  after  twenty  years' 
growth.  This  is  one  reason  why  so  much  clipping 
is  practised.  If,  in  the  first  place,  plenty  of  room 
is  given  so  that  the  trees  may  develop  naturally, 
then  pruning  can  be  limited  to  drawing  out  a 
wild  shoot  here  and  there  and  the  removal  of  the 
lower  branches  that  are  inclined  to  become  buried 


A     HANDSOME     HOLLY     FOR     THE     LAWN,     ILEX     AQUIFOLIUM     PENDULA. 


are  often  common  in  Oak  woods,  and  are  very 
effective  both  in  the  New  Forest  and  in  the  Forest 
of  Dean.  Unfortunately,  many  people  think 
that  good  H  oUies  can  only  be  produced  by  keeping 
the  plants  pruned  hard  back  in  the  same  way 
that  hedges  are  clipped.  This  is  the  greatest 
mistake  imaginable,  for  freely  grown  specimens 
are  infinitely  more  beautiful  than  those  that 
have  been  clipped  into  cones  or  pyramids.  Un- 
dipped Hollies  also  form  very  effective  informal 
hedges,  and  an  avenue  effect  is  produced  by  two 
long  lines  of  well  grown  plants  in  the  village  of 
Whitmore  in  Staffordshire.  The  trees  stand  a 
short  distance  back  from  each  side  of  the  public 
road  on  a  gentleman's  estate,  the  branches  slightly 
overhanging  the  highway.  They  are  very  uniform 
i  n  height,  roughly  about  25  feet,  and  the  avenue 
extends  for  a  distance  of  several  hundred  vards. 


in  the  ground.  If  the  effect  of  the  original  planting 
is  too  bare,  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  fill  up  the  space 
with  plants  that  can  be  removed  as  the  HolUes 
grow. 

Providing  due  care  be  taken  to  remove  a  good 
ball  of  soil  attached  to  the  roots,  comparatively 
large  Hollies  can  be  transplanted,  and  such  trees 
serve  a  very  useful  purpose,  for  they  produce  a 
good  general  furnishing  effect  and  are  excellent 
subjects  for  blocking  out  undesirable  objects. 
Eut  if  even  small  Hollies  are  transplanted  care- 
lessly they  frequently  die.  The  best  time  of  year 
for  transplanting  Hollies  is  May,  followed  by 
early  September,  and  nursery  plants  that  are  to 
be  taken  out  eventually  should  be  transplanted 
every  second  year. 

Species  of  Hollies  are  best  Increased  by  seeds 
\'arieties  may  be  raised  from  cuttings  inserted  in 


a  close,  cold  frame  or  under  a  hand-light  in  May, 
or  they  may  be  grafted  or  budded  upon  stocks  of 
their  respective  types.  The  latter  practice  is 
objectionable  from  the  fact  that  suckers  often 
appear  from  below  the  union  of  stock  and  scion, 
and  are  difficult  to  check. 

Male  and  female  flowers  of  HoUies  are  borne 
on  different  trees,  and  this  explains  why  some 
trees  never  bear  fruit.  A  male  tree  bears  no 
fruit,  but  a  female  tree  may  mature  a  good  many 
fruits,  even  although  no  male  plant  stands  in  the 
immediate  neighbourhood.  In  such  a  case  a 
very  smaU  percentage  of  the  seeds  are  fertile,  the 
pollen  for  the  fertilisation  of  those  flowers  having 
been  carried  by  bees. 

When  selecting  green-leaved  Hollies  for  garden 
or  park,  care  should  be  taken  to  choose  those  that 
are  suitable  for  the  positions.  For  instance, 
where  there  is  an  air  of  natural  wildncss  about  the 
position,  the  common  HoUy  (Ilex  Aquifolium)  or 
its  free-growing  varieties  should  be  chosen.  For 
gardens  and  formal  parks  where  there  is  an  un- 
limited space  the  large-growing  species  and  the 
large-leaved  hybrids  are  desirable,  while 
for  restricted  areas  there  are  low- 
growing  forms  of  I.  Aquifolium  and 
several  species  that  can  be  tried. 
Abnormal  forms  with  curiously  twisted 
branches  and  contorted  leaves  should 
be  reserved  for  out  of  the  way  places 
or  for  gardens  where  full  collections 
of  varieties  are  grown. 

Of  the  numerous  HoUies  avaUable 
for  gardens  the  foUowing  are  of  special 
merit:  Varieties  of  Ilex  AquifoUum. — 
I.  A.  fructu-luteo  resembles  the  type 
in  every  respect,  except  that  it  bears 
yeUow  fruits.  Seedlings  raised  from 
this  vary  a  good  deal  in  the  colour 
of  the  fruit.  Pendula  is  distinguished 
by  the  distinct  pendent  branches.  It 
forms  a  handsome  specimen,  but  must 
be  given  plenty  of  room  to  develop 
its  true  character.  Angustifolia  is  a 
— ^  smaU-leaved  variety  with  a  slender, 
compact,  p>Tamidal  habit,  exceUent  for 
a  smaU  garden.  It  bears  fruit,  but  not 
\'ery  freely.  Ciliata  is  a  neat-growing 
hush  with  small  leaves,  and  is  suitable 
:\  for  a  small  garden.  Compacta  usually 
grows  in  low  bush  form.  It  can  be 
planted  in  places  where  a  bush  3  feet 
to  4  feet  high  is  desired.  Hands- 
worthensis  and  myrtifolia  are  also 
suitable  for  a  small  gari^fn  where  low 
bushes  are  needed.  The  leaves  are 
small  in  both  cases.  CameUiiefolia  is 
one  of  the  best  of  the  large- growing 
forms.  It  is  a  fruiting  variety  of 
stately,  pj-ramidal  outline,  producing 
large,  dark,  glossy  leaves  which  bear 
but  few  spines  on  the  margins.  Donningtonensis, 
Smithiana,  and  Whittingtonensis  form  a  trio 
of  handsome  plants  with  narrow,  irregularly 
spined  leaves.  A.U  are  male  plants.  Fisheri 
is  a  distinct  variety  with  large,  dark  green  leaves 
armed  with  a  varying  number  of  spines. 
Integrifolia  and  laurifolia  are  compact-growing 
varieties  in  which  the  leaves  are  spineless  or  almost 
so.  Both  form  handsome  bushes,  and  are  desirable 
alike  for  large  and  medium-sized  gardens.  Scotica 
is  a  dense-growing  bush  with  glossy  green,  spineless 
leaves,  and  is  very  distinct  from  other  varieties  ; 
whUe  ovata  is  also  very  distinct  by  reason  of  its 
regular-sized  oval  leaves  with  evenly  toothed 
margins. 

Among  large-leaved  HoUies  a  few  good  ones  are 
Ilex  platyphylla,  a  large-leaved  species  from  the 
Canary  Islands.     The   leaves   are   broadly   ovate. 


April  2,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


165 


often  4  inches  to  5  inches  long  and  2}  inches  to 
3  inches  wide.  Plants  bearing  male  or  female 
flowers  may  be  found.  I.  p.  maderensis  or  I. 
maderensis  is  a  distinct,  large-growing  plant 
with  bright  green  leaves  about  3  inches  long  and 
up  to  3  inches  wide.  I.  altaclarensis  is  a  large 
hybrid  tree  with  dark  green,  ovate  or  oval  leaves 
up  to  4  inches  long  and  3  inches  wide.  It  is  a 
very  fine  hybrid,  but  requires  plenty  of  room. 
I.  Hodginsii,  1.  Mundyi,  I.  nobilis,  I.  Wilsonii  and 
I.  Shepherdii  are  other  large-growing  hybrids  of 
considerable  value. 

A  selection  of  distinct  evergreen  species  for 
general  planting  is  as  follows :  I.  cornuta,  the 
Horned  Holly  of  China,  a  very  distinct  bush, 
usually  developing  with  a  dense  low  head.  The 
leaves  are  curiously  shaped,  more  or  less  oblong, 
and  each  one  armed  w'ith  five  stout  spines,  three 
at  the  top  and  two  at  the  bottom  of  each  leaf. 
I.  crenata  from  Japan  is  a  small-leaved  bush  often 
but  3  feet  or  4  feet  high,  but  of  distinct  and  orna- 
mental appearance.  It  can  be  planted  with  effect 
on  the  margin  of  a  lawn  or  in  the  rock  garden. 
I.  dipyrena,  the  Himalayan  Holly,  should  be 
planted  in  the  milder  parts  of  the  country.  It 
grows  into  a  large  bush,  and  is  distinguished  by 
its  dull  leaves  and  small,  slender  spines.  1. 
integra  is  a  very  distinct  species  from  China  and 
Japan.  The  leaves  are  dark  green,  rather  thin 
and  spineless.  It  forms  a  compact  pyramidal 
bush  at  least  15  feet  high.  I.  opaca  occupies 
the  position  in  North  .America  that  the  common 
HoUy  does  here.  Its  leaves  are  dull  and  paler 
in  colour  than  those  of  I.  Aquifolium,  but  the 
fruits  are  quite  as  bright  and  attractive.  .Although 
the  above  selection  by  no  means  e.xhausts  the 
HoUies,  either  species,  hybrids  or  varieties,  sufficient 
are  mentioned  to  guide  intending  planters  in  their 
selection.  W.   O. 


SAXIFRAGA  WILLIAM  ALLAN 
RICHARDSON 

I  w.\s  interested  to  read  an  article  by  myself  on 
"A  New  Saxifrage,"  in  llarch  5  issue,  page  115. 
for  since  writing  it  I  had  forgotten  all  about  it,  but 
had,  on  the  other  hand,  found  out  several  things 
about  tlie  subject  of  the  note.  The  Saxifraga  in 
question,  S.  caesia  x  S.  aizoides  aurantiaca,  seems  to 
have  come  to  stay,  though  it  is  not  quite  the  new 
plant  I  thought  it  to  be  when  I  first  raised  it  and 
wrote  about  it,  for  I  now  find  that  a  natural  wild 
hybrid  is  recorded  under  the  name  S.  Forsteri 
(Stein),  which  is  a  cross  between  S.  e»sia  and  S. 
aizoides  tj'pe. 

Now  the  type  plant  S.  aizoides  has  golden 
yellow  flowers,  whereas  the  S.  aizoides  variety 
aurantiaca  which  I  used  as  pollen  parent  of 
my  hybrid  has  rich  orange  flowers,  and  this  pro- 
bably accounts  for  the  buflt  orange  colour  of  my 
plant  being  richer  than  the  butter  yellow  given  as 
the  colour  of  the  wild  hybrid.  It  is  a  very  pros 
perous  little  plant,  and  last  May  a  specimen  in  a 
pan  flowered  with  extraordinary  freedom  So  far  I 
have  not  obtained  any  secondary  hybrids  from 
my  plant,  nor  have  I  succeeded  as  yet  in  crossing 
S.  csesia  with  that  glorious  maliogany  rea  form  of 
S.  aizoides  called  atro  rubens.  This  should  be  no 
more  diflicult  than  the  cross  I  did  make  and  I 
hope  yet  to  bring  it  off.  The  result  ought  to 
be  very  fine. 

Of  course,  the  name  which  I  suggested  pro%-ision- 
ally  S.  William  Allan  Richardson  can  no  longer 
stand.  My  hybrid  is  S.  Forsteri,  although  coming 
through  a  variety  of  the  original  pollen  parent   and 


apparently  being  itself  a  variety  of  S.  Forsteri  of 
improved  colour  it  may  be  worth  distinguishing 
with  a  varietal  name.  I  propose  to  distribute 
it  as  S.  Forsteri  Elliott's  variety.  I  have  now  on 
the  stocks  another  hybrid  from  S.  aizoides  auran- 
tiaca. The  seed  parent  was  a  particularly  attractive 
form  of  S .  primuloides  which  I  found  in  the  Pyrenees, 
with  flowers  of  a  conspicuously  deep  bright  pink. 
A  brilliant  baby  London  Pride  only  3ins.  or  4ins. 
high.  I  picked  out  this  beautiful  little  plant  on  the 
wet  rocky  slopes  below  the  Lac  d'Oo,  and  have 
grown  it  ever  since.  Crossed  with  the  orange  form 
of  S .  aizoides  it  gave  good  seed,  which  germinated 
well,  and  I  have  an  interesting  looking  lot  of 
seedlings  pricked  out  into  a  paa.  Some  of  these 
show  signs  of  resembling  in  leaf  the  seed  parent, 
others  the  pollen  parent.  Only  one  of  these 
seedlings  can  possibly  flower  this  year,  but  as  they 
do  come  along  to  maturity  they  promise  a  lot  of 
interest.  My  Forsteri  hybrid,  by  the  by,  was 
not  a  chance  seedling,  but  the  result  of  a 
deliberate   cross. 

Stcve)iage.  Clarence  Elliotp. 


readily  increased  by  cuttings,  preferably  taken 
from  plants  grown  for  the  purpose  in  a  greenhouse. 
To  the  hybridist  the  subject  of  this  note  should 


TWO  LITTLE   KNOWN 
RHODODENDRONS 

Rhododendron     hippophaeoides. —  The 

distinct  glistening  silvery  scales  on  the  leaves 
of  this  Chinese  Rhododendron  suggest  the  leaves 
of  an  Hippophai,  hence  the  specific  name.  It 
was  collected  during  1913  both  by  Mr.  Kingdon 
Ward  and  Mr.  George  Forrest  in  several  districts 
of  Yunnan,  where  they  describe  it  as  a  dwarf 
shrub  up  to  5  feet  high,  forming  wide  carpets  of 
growth.  Under  cultivation  R.  hippophajoides  is 
a  much-branched,  upright-growing  bush,  with 
narrow  leaves  exceeding  i  inch  in  length.  There 
is  considerable  variation  in  the  colour  of  the  flowers, 
which  include  lavender,  mauve,  purple-blue  and 
bluish  rose,  while  at  least  one  of  Mr.  Forrest's 
seedlings  could  be  described  as  rosy  pink.  In 
addition   to  ripening  seeds  freely,   this  species  is 


THE 


PURPLE-FLOWERED    RHODODENDRON 
HIPPOPH.^EOIDES. 


BELL-SHAPED    SULPHUR- YELLOW    FLOWERS   OF 
RHODODENDRON    CAMPYLOCARPUM. 


be   very   useful,    one   cross   suggested   being   with 
R.  racemosum. 

Rhododendron  campylocarpum.— This  ever- 
green Rhododendron  is  a  native  of  Sikkim 
Himalaya,  and  was  first  introduced  in 
1851.  Found  at  a  elevation  of  about  12,000ft., 
it  is  on  the  borderland 
of  hardiness.  In  the  favoured 
parts  of  the  south  and  west 
R.  campylocarpum  is  a  delight- 
ful close-growing  twiggy  shrub 
averaging  5ft.  to  7ft.  or  8ft. 
in  height.  At  Kew  several 
bushes  in  a  sheltered  position 
near  King  WUUam's  Temple 
are  very  healthy  and  flower 
freely  each  year.  They  are 
grafted  on  R.  ponticum  stocks 
and  are  evidently  a  happy 
union.  The  bell-shaped  blos- 
soms are  2jins.  to  3ins.  across, 
borne  in  clusters  of  five  to 
about  nine  flowers.  There  is 
some  variation  in  the  intensity 
of  the  sulphmr  yellow  colour, 
those  of  a  deeper  .  shade 
being  particularly  pleasing. 
R.  campylocarpum  has  been 
used  as  a  parent  in  the  en- 
deavour to  obtain  a  large, 
rich  yellow-flowered  evergreen 
Rhododendron.  The  result  in 
this  direction  is  disappoint- 
ing, though  several  of  the 
hybrids,  notably  Margaret 
Bean,  Rev.  J.  H.  Rashleigh 
and  Mrs.  Kingsmill,  are  very 
beautiful.  A.  O. 


166 
New    and    Rare    Plants 

FIRST-CLASS     CERTIFICATE. 

Magnolia  Veitchii. — A  very  remarkable  and 
interesting  hybrid  between  the  wonderful  Magnolia 
Carapbelli  and  the  Yulan  or  Lily  Tree.  It  is  said 
to  be  the  first  Magnolia  hybrid  that  has  been 
intentionally  produced.  There  are  other  hybrids, 
M,  Soulangeana,  for  instance,  which  were  obtained 
accidentally.  The  flowers  of  M.  Veitchii  are 
larger  than  those  of  M.  conspicua,  though  not  so 
large  as  the  highly  coloured  M.  CampbelU,  which, 
by  the  way,  is  now  flowering  at  Kew  for  the  first 
time — -only  a  solitary  flower  is  borne  after  twenty 
years  or  so.  The  flowers  of  M.  Veitchii  are  long 
and  pointed  in  bud,  flushed  deep  rose  in  the  lower 
half  of  the  blooms.  Shown  by  Messrs,  R.  Veitch 
and  Son,  Exeter. 

AWARDS     OF     MERIT. 

Rhododendron  Werei. — A  very  beautiful  variety 
with  a  fuU  truss  of  clear  bright  pink  flowers. 
Parentage:    R.  arboreum  x   R.  Thomsouii. 

Rhododendron  Robert  Fox. — One  of  the  most 
striking  crimson-flowered  Rhododendrons  ever 
seen,  its  only  fault  being  that  the  truss  is  rather 
loose.  1 1  was  obtained  by  crossing  Rhododendron 
Thomsonii  and  Glory  of  Penjerrick.  A  distinct 
acquisition  for  Southern  gardens.  Both  shown 
with  other  beautiful  varieties  by  Mr.  Smith  for 
Mr.  R.  Fox,  Penjerrick,  Falmouth. 

Primroses  Spetchley  Strain. — The  flowers  of 
these  are  large  and  attractive.  They  do  not, 
however,  seem  to  be  so  freely  borne  as  is  the  case 
in  other  strains. 

Narcissus  Crown  Imperial.— .A  self-yellow 
Ajax  of  maximus  descent  and  richly  golden  in 
colour.  The  rim  of  the  crown  is  well  flanged  and 
conspicuously  lacerated. 

Narcissus  Imperator. — Brother  or  sister — as 
you  will — to  the  above  named,  and  of  the  twain 
the  more  handsome  and  perhaps  richer  colour. 
Stature  is  a  great  point  with  each  of  them.  These 
were  from  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Engleheart,  Dinton,  Wilts. 
Saxifraga  Mira. — A  charming  addition  to  the 
Kabschia  section  of  the  genus.  The  half-mch 
high  flowers  are  coloured  pink,  paling  to  the  edges. 
It  was  raised  by  the  late  Mr.  Farrer  and  now  shown 
by  Mr.  Clarence  Elliott,  Stevenage. 

Saxifraga  hybrida  H.  Marshall. — .A  beautiful 
and  free-flowering  novelty  not  far  removed  from 
S.  Irvingii  in  habit  of  growth,  having  larger  flowers 
and  parted  petals.  The  small  plants  were  remark- 
ably well  flowered.  We  believe  it  to  be  descended 
from  S.   Irvingii  crossed  with  S.  lilacina. 

Saxifraga  Pompadour. — A  mossy  sort  of  dwarf 
habit  and  particularly  large,  well  formed,  brilliantly 
coloured  flowers.  These  were  from  Mr.  M.  Prichard, 
Cbristchurch. 

Saxifraga  Jenkinsise  (S.  Burseriana  major  X 
S.  lilacina). — This  beautiful  hybrid  appealed 
to  a  very  large  number,  and  is  quite  an  acquisition. 
The  solitary  flowers  are  openly  funnel-shaped, 
shell  pink  colour  and  poised  on  2  in.  high  peduncles 
with  exceptional  freedom,  the  solitary  specimen 
carrying  three  dozen  of  them  fully  developed. 
Disposed  on  a  perfect  mound-like  cushion  of 
growth,  every  flower  told  to  advantage.  The 
new-comer,  too,  is  obviously  a  fine  grower.  Shown 
by  Mr.  E.  H.  Jenkins,  Surbiton. 

Rose  Margaret  Horton  (H.T.).— .A.  novelty 
of  exquisite  charm  and  comeliness.  A  seedling 
from  OpheUa  and  another,  it  is  possessed  of  all 
the  good  attributes  of  that  well  known  variety — 
shape,  length  of  bud,  length  and  strength  of 
peduncle,  and  not  a  little  scent.  Deep  apricot 
to  golden  mark  its  colours  well.  The  flowers 
appear  from  healthy  foliage,  which  in  youth  is  of 
deep  bronzy  hue.  Shown  by  Mr.  Elisha  Hicks, 
Twytord. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[April  2,  1921. 


GARDENING     OF     THE     WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN      GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Clematis.' — Early  April  is  a  suitable  time  for 
planting  these  popular  climbing  plants.  They 
are  useful  for  pergolas,  bowers  or  pillars  and  should 
be  planted  in  conjunction  with  other  climbers, 
as  this  enables  the  tendrils  to  get  hold  of  a  support. 
Another  point  to  bear  in  mind  is  that  some  shade 
should  be  afforded  the  roots  of  Clematis,  if  possible, 
by  means  of  dwarf  shrubs  or  suitable  herbaceous 
plants  placed  near,  for  although  the  upper  portions 
of  this  climber  deUght  in  sun  and  warmth,  the 
roots  do  not.  The  soil  should  be  on  the  rich  side, 
and  it  is  an  advantage  to  mix  some  old  mortar 
rubble  or  chalk  with  it. 

Spring-Flowering  Plants,  such  as  Wallflowers, 
Polyanthus  and  i\Iyosotis,  in  beds  and  borders, 
should  be  looked  over,  deficiencies  made  good  and 
the  soil  lightly  pricked  over,  and  if  this  is  of  a 
poor  nature,  a  light  sprinlding  of  bone-meal  at 
this  stage  wUl  considerably  assist  the  plants  or 
bulbs. 

Hydrangea  paniculata,  in  beds  or  borders, 
should  now  be  pruned  by  removing  weakly  wood 
and  shortening  the  other  growths  according  to 
vigour,  leaving  about  two  to  six  buds.  Planting 
of  additional  groups  or  beds  may  now  be  done. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Asparagus  Beds  are  best  made  and  planted 
in  early  .April.  The  nature  of  the  soil  will,  to  some 
extent,  govern  the  method  of  making  the  beds, 
for  in  some  districts  where  it  is  very  light  they 
may  be  made  practically  on  the  level,  while  on 
heavy  soils  they  must  be  made  from  gins,  to  r2ins. 
above  it.  Beds  3ft.  in  width  are  suitable,  and  this 
will  allow  of  three  rows  ift.  apart  and  the  same 
distance  may  be  given  the  plants.  The  ground 
should  be  thorouglily  trenched  and  well  manured. 
Two  good  varieties  are  Giant  French  and  Conover's 
Colossal,  and  roots  of  one,  two  or  three  year  old 
plants  may  be  planted.  The  two  year  old  are, 
perhaps,  the  most  suitable  for  general  use,  but 
when  the  three  year  old  plants  are  used  a  light 
cutting  may  be  expected  the  next  year. 

Rhubarb. — This  subject  will  stand  for  some 
years  when  once  established,  so  the  ground  should 
be  well  prepared  when  forming  a  new  plantation. 
If  contemplated,  the  work  should  be  pushed  through 
now  as  quickly  as  possible. 

1^1  Mushrooms. — Where  an  all  the  year  round 
supply  of  these  is  required  an  arrangement  should 
be  made  for  the  summer  and  early  autumn  crop 
to  be  grown  in  beds  out  of  doors,  unless  a  reaUy 
cool  shed  or  store  is  available. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Watering.- — It  is  essential  that  newly  planted 
trees  do  not  suffer  from  lack  of  moisture,  par- 
ticularly on  light  porous  soils  is  it  necessary  to 
guard  against  this,  and  also  look  to  those  trees 
growing  against  walls  or  other  places  which  may 
have  an  overhanging  coping. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Perpetual  Carnations. — Continue  to  pot  ofi 
successional  batches  of  cuttings  as  soon  as  ready, 
using  a  light  compost,  and  grow  the  young  plants' 
in  a  light,  airy  position.  If  a  suitable  house 
cannot  be  devoted  to  them,  pits  will  do  quite  well. 
Plants  requiring  4in.  or  5  in.  pots  should  be  potted 
somewhat  firmer  than  the  smaller  ones,  and  the 
compost  for  them  should  be  more  loamy.  An 
occasional  syringing  is  beneficial  and  helps  to 
promote  clean,  healthy  growth  and  maintains 
a  sweet  atmosphere.  A  careful  watch  must  be 
kept  for  greenfly.  The  plants  may  be  pinched 
when  about  Sins,  high  to  induce  them  to  break. 

Frame  Violets  may  be  propagated  by  severing 
the  runners  and  dibbling  them  in  boxes  or  pans 
of  light  sandy  soil,  afterwards  placing  them  in 
a  Peach  house  or  vinery.  When  rooted,  transfer 
to  frame  and  harden  off  previous  to  planting  out 
on  a  well- prepared  piece  of  ground. 

Cyclamen  passing  out  of  flower  and  to  be 
retained  for  another  season  may  be  removed  to 
cold  frames  and  water  gradually  withheld. 

Clivias. — Those  throwing  up  flower-spikes  should 
be  given  some  weak  manure  water,  as  it  helps  to 
enrich  the  colour  of  the  flowers.  When  the 
flowering  period  is  passed,  potting  may  be»done  if 
necessary.  Use  a  good  turfy  compost  as  the  main 
part,  tightened  with  some  spent  Mushroom  manure, 
Jeaf-soil  and  sharp  sand,  and  give  ample  drainage. 


Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Treatment  of  Vines.— Attend  as  necessary 
to  the  disbudding,  stopping,  tying  down  and 
thinning  of  the  bunches.  'Ihe  watering  of  the 
borders,  too,  is  a  most  important  point,  and  when 
necessary  should  be  thoroughly  done.  Vines 
carrying  a  swelling  crop  may  be  given  a  soaking 
of  warm  water,  to  which  has  been  added  some 
approved  fertiliser.  After  the  stoning  period 
such  a  watering  wUl  greatly  assist  the  final  swelling 
of  the  berries,  as  will  also  a  good  mulching  of  well 
rotted  cow-manure  applied  to  the  border  and 
thoroughly  watered  in. 

H.  Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 

Albury  Park  Gardens,  Guildjord. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

General  Work.— With  the  advent  of  April 
vegetation  is  more  active.  With  increasing  sun- 
shine seedlings  will  make  rapid  progress,  but  in 
our  northern  gardens  sharp  frosts  are  common 
during  April,  so  additional  care  is  necessary  in 
the  protection  of  newly  planted  vegetables  and 
early  sowings  of  Turnips,  a  few  light  Spruce 
branches  laid  over  the  lines  at  night  making  all 
the  difference  between  a  successful  early  crop 
and  failure.  Lose  no  time  in  clearing  ofi  all 
spent  winter  vegetables  and  get  all  necessary 
digging  finished.  Mark  off  and  prepare  Celery 
trenches  so  that  time  may  be  saved  to  cope  with 
pressure  of  work  later  in  the  month. g^ 

Turnips. — A  sowing  of  Early  Milan  varieties 
may  now  be  made  on  a  sunny  border.  The  early 
crop  of  these  fresh  young  roots  is  much  esteemed. 
It  is  not  advisable  to  be  in  too  great  a  hurry  with 
outside  sowings  of  these,  as  they  suSer  readily 
from  frost,  but  should  the  weather  prove  favour- 
able the  gain  is  great. 

Carrots. — if  an  early  border  is  available,^  a 
few  lines  of  Early  EnghshiHom  or  Early  Nantes 
should  be  sown. 

Cabbages. — When  early  sowings  have  been 
made  to  supplement  the  autumn-planted  crop  they 
should  be  got  out  on  the  first  favourable  oppor- 
tunity. Where  slugs  are  troublesome  give  a 
dusting  of  lime  or  soot  round  each  plant. 

French  Beans. — Where  there  is  plenty  of 
accommodation  under  glass  it  is  not  difficult  to 
keep  up  a  good  supply  of  these.  Sowings  may  be 
made  along  the  front  of  Tomato  boxes  without 
detriment  to  the  Tomatoes,  and  an  excellent 
catch  crop  may  be  had  in  this  way.  Sow  also 
in  small  pots  for  planting  out  in  cool  frames. 
These  wUl  give  good  returns  until  pickings  may  be 
had  from  the  open.  We  favour  Canadian  Wonder 
and  Sutton's  Superlative  for  this  purpose. 

Chives.— These,  although  largely  out  of  favour 
in  some  districts,  are  occasionally  asked  for  during 
early  summer  for  seasoning  purposes.  If  an 
increase  of  stock  is  desired,  now  is  the  time  to 
have  the  clumps  broken  up  and  replanted. 

Cucumbers.— Make  sowings  singly  in  small 
pots  for  growing  on  and  planting  out  in  frames  for 
succession.  Early  plants  growing  in  pits  should 
be  setting  freely  now,  so  if  fruit  is  visible  stop  the 
Vine,  as  this  aids  in  the  development  of  the  fruit 
and  evens  the  growth  of  the  plant  generally. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 
Perpetual-flowering  Carnations. — Plants  raised 

from  cuttings  struck  in  January  may  now  be 
moved  into  4in.  pots  and  kept  growing  freely; 
maintain  a  iDuoyant  atmosphere.  Plants  which 
have  been  flowering  during  the  autumn  and 
winter  months  should  receive  some  suitable  stimu- 
lant so  that  good  strong  flowers  may  be  produced. 
Syringe  occasionally  with  an  insecticide  so  that 
red  spider  and  other  insect  pests  may  be  kept  in 
check. 
Hydrangea    hortensis.— Early    started    plants 

will  now  be  showing  flower- trusses,  and  may  be 
encouraged  with  some  fertiliser  so  that  fine  heads 
of  bloom  may  be  assured.  Later  lots  in  frames 
may  now  be  taken  in  hand,  being  shaken  out  and 
repotted  in  a  generous  mixture. 

Begonia  Gloire  de  Lorraine. — Plants  that  were 
cut  over  some  time  ago  with  a  view  to  obtaining 
cuttings  should  now  be  throwing  up  some  nice 
growths.  Basal  cuttings  make  the  best  plants, 
and  should  be  slipped  off  when  2ins.  or  sins,  in 
length.  Dibble  into  small  pots  filled  with  a 
sharp  compost,  plunge  in  a  close  case  and  spray 
occasionally,  and  they  will  be  found  to  root  readily. 


April  2,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


167 


The  Conservatory. — The  various  climbing  plants 
on  pillars  or  wires  will  now  be  growing  freely. 
Cut  out  all  superfluous  growths  and  give  every 
opportunity  for  the  proper  development  of  the 
ones  that  are  left.  A  top-dressing  of  Thomson's 
Manure  will  prove  a  benefit  to  plants  growing 
in  borders  or  to  others  that  may  be  growing  in 
tubs  and  not  of  convenient  size  for  replanting. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

IBiennialS. — Transfer  to  their  flowering  quarters 
Canterbury  Bells,  Agrostemmas,  Sweet  Williams 
and  any  other  hardy  plants  which  may  have  been 
grown  in  the  nursery  garden  with  a  view  to  filling 
the  mixed  border  or  other  beds. 

GIali3li. — Plant  the  hardy  types,  such  as 
Brenchlyensis  in  the  open  now.  They  are  most 
effective  when  grouped  in  bold  clumps  in  the 
herbaceous  or  mixed  border.  Other  sorts  that 
may  be  grown  with  a  view  to  blending  among 
summer  bedding  plants  should  be  started  in  pots 
and  Errown  in  a  cool  house. 

CiematiS. — The  Clematis  as  a  hardy  climber 
i  s  deservedly  popular,  and  we  find  the  present  time 
most  suitable  for  planting.  They  appreciate  a 
good  soil  with  a  sprinkling  of  lime  rubble  added 
to  it.  The  lackmani  varieties  are  delightful, 
but  pride  of  place  must  be  given  to  the  lanuginosa 
section.  This  type  flowers  on  the  previous  season's 
growth,  so  should  only  be  thinned  out  and  the 
young  growths  tied  in.  When  selecting  plants 
buv  from  a  reliable  firm  and  avoid  the  Continental 
rubbish  which  is  being  dumped  in  our  open  markets 
at  present.  Plants  of  such,  which  the  writer  has 
seen  lately,  would  be  dear  at  any  price. 
James  McGr.am 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 
Coodhim,    Kilmarnock. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUEiTIONi  AND  AN5WERV— r^e  ElltOf  endeavours 
o  nnJce  The  Garden  helpful  to  all  reaiers  who  desire 
assittince.  no  rmtter  iMi(  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
ani  with  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearlif  and  concisebi  written  oti  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
ani  ai'lressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
mi.v  desire  to  be  uted  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  sepjrate  piece  of  paper. 
PH'its  for  naminj  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
ptckei  in  damp  grafs  or  mo^s,  not  cotton-wool,  and  floivering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
smzll  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


FLOWER     GARDEN, 

SAXIFRAGES  FOR  SHADE  {"  Saxifrage  ").— Many  of 
the  "  mossv  "  and  other  Saxifrages  do  quite  well  In  shade, 
though  that  of  a  large  Yew  tree  would  be  abhorrent  to 
most  of  them.  The  shale  in  such  a  case  is  re  luce  1  to 
semi-darkness  incessantly,  owing  to  its  density  and  tli9 
Borabre  and  everareen  character  of  the  tree.  The  most 
likely  of  the  Saxifrages  would  be  S.  Geum  dentata,  S. 
umbrosa  gracilis,  or  the  Jlossy  S.  muscoides  atro-purpurea. 
Even  better  than  the  Saxifrages  and  of  more  carpeting 
habit  of  growth  would  be  Herniaria  glabra  or  Helxine 
Solierolii.  Of  tliese  we  suggest  that  our  correspondent 
should  try  the  last  named.  Its  flowers  are  practically 
nil  ;  its  carpet  of  Pea-green  attaining  little  more  than  an 
inch  high.  Through  this  Snowdrops  might  readily  pierce 
and  prove  an  appropriate  ornament  at  this  season  of  the 
year. 

DAFFODILS  UNSATISFACTORY  (H.  B.).— If  in  con- 
junction witli  light  loam  there  is  an  absence  of  soil  depth, 
and  a  considerable  degree  of  dryness,  then  not  a  few,  being 
unable  to  reanh  a  flowering  condition  because  of  these 
shortcomings,  would,  m'-st  likely,  resolve  themselves  into 
the  breeder  condition  and  later,  when  lifted,  split  up  as  a 
result.  Jonquils  are  not  usually  more  successful  than  the 
rest,  though  the  Jonquil  hybrid,  Butt*^rcup,  makes  fine 
growtli.  flowers  well  and  increases  freely  ia  a  soil  which  is 
virtually  of  a  heath  character.  Hardly  any  other,  however, 
ia  a  like  success  and  many  good  ones  die  out  completely. 
Our  correspondent  does  not  say  anything  about  the 
depth  of  the  light  loam  and  the  county  it  is  a  part  of. 

ROCK    GARDEN. 

CROCUSES  AND  SAXIFRAGES  ATTACKED  BY 
MOORHENS  (H.  M..  Northampton). — It  is  sometimes 
possible  to  trap  moorhens  by  smearing  sections  of  reeds 
with  birdlime  and  laving  them  about  In  the  places  the 
bird?  frequent.  By  feeling  the  birds  for  a  few  days 
before  laving  the  traps  ojore  birds  can  be  caught. 

CARPETERS  FOR  ALPINES. — I  have  been  re^^drng 
Mr.  Farrer's  most  interesting  book.  "  The  English  Rock 
Garden."  and  I  notice  he  insists  on  the  necessity  of  not 
having  any  bare  or  uncovered  ground  in  the  rock  garden. 
Even  the  amallest  alpines,  he  aays,  are  the  better  with 


some  sort  of  covering  over  the  roots.     I  should  be  glad 
if  you  would  give  your  experience  of  carpeting  plants. 
Mine  is.  that  rare  plants  get  choked  unless  the  ground  is 
kept  perfectly  clear  and  free.     I  have  tried  nearly  every 
creeping  and  carpeting  plant,  and  so  far  I  have  foxmd 
none  that  do  'S  not  get  into  the  crowns  of  the  small  treasures 
and  choke  them.     For  instance,  the  brown  leaved  Oxalic 
is  charming  till  it  settles  down  ;    then  my  whole  energy 
is  spent  in   clearing   it  out.      Arenaria   balearica   ramps 
most  delightfully  over  big  boulders  and  is  a  great  feature 
on  the  cliffs,  but  the  strongest  plant  near  has  not  a  chance 
after  a  year  or  two.     Mentha  Requieni  and   Alsine  are 
all  over  the  place  in  a  very  short  time.     The  dwarf  white 
Thyme,  which  looks  so  innocent,  has  taken  possession  of 
a  Heather  bed,  and  now  we  have  green  cushions  several 
feet  round — lovely,   no  doubt,   but  strangulation  to  the 
Heather.     Of    course,    there    are    others,    like    Stachys 
Corsica,  some    of  the  Saxifrages,   Campanulas,   Veronicas 
and  llaoulias,  but  tliey  do  not  grow  more  than    an  inch 
a  year,   and   so  are  equally  useless.     I  have  a  moraine 
full  of  Gentiana  verna,  but  what  can  be  a  carpeter  there. 
One  reads  of  it  flowering  in  grass,   but  I  am  afraid  in 
most  cases  there  would  be  no  Gentian.     Some  real  ramps 
do  hold  their  own.     There  is  a  lovely  combination  of  the 
common  Saxifrage,  which  acts  as  a  cushion,  and  tlirough 
it  comes  Arenaria  montana  and  hangs  down  in  slieets, 
but  every  year  I  expect  it  to  be  strangled.     Veronica 
rupestris   and  Crucianella  stylosa   both  hang  in  a  tangle 
down  a  cliff,  and  tlie  effect  is  excellent ;    but  already  I 
notice  the  Veronica  is  getting  suffocated.     What  I  want 
is  a  neat,  flat  carpeter  that  will  cover  the  ground  slowly 
and  not  suck  out  tlie  life  blood  of  the  treasure  it  is  meant 
to    protect. — N.    S.    C.,    Surrey.     [Just    what    would    be 
suitable  material  to  use  for  carpeting  alpiue  plants  when 
freely  grouped  in  the  rock  garden  would  depend  upon 
locality,  the  plants  employed — principals  and  carpeters — 
and  experience  on  the  spot.     It  is  probable,  too,  though    . 
we  have  not  got  Mr.  Farrer's  book  at  hand  to  refer  to, 
that  its  author,  like-circumstanced  as  our  correspondent, 
would  have  bowed  to  circumstance  and  found  substitutes 
for  the  several  forms  of  vegetable  life  mentioned,  which 
not  only  increase  the  labour  bill  and  afford  worry,  but 
in  not  a  few  instances  might  jeopardise  the  existence  of 
some  of  the  plants  themselves.     We  say  this  advisedly, 
recalling    how    often — invariably,     in    fact — Mr.     Farrer 
carpeted  his  treasured   exhibits  of  the  choicest  alpines 
at  the  Temple  Shows  with  finely  broken  granite  chips, 
quite   content  tliat  these   should   play   the  part,   rather 
tlian  that  the  soil  or  fibre  in  wliich  they  were  bedded  should 
be  seen  or  littered  with  rusty  or  rubbishy  moss  to  hide 
or  belittle  tliera.  as  not  infrequently  is  the  case.     And 
just  what  Mr.  Farrer  did  in  the  exhibition  tent  so  we 
believe    he   would    have   done   in    the   garden.     As   our 
correspondent  correctly   oliserves.   one  cannot  carpet  to 
advantage  the  Vernal  Gentian  in  the  moraine  with  other 
forms  of  vegetable  life,  and  if  the  result  is  a  trifle  imperfect 
or  incomplete  according   to   Nature   the  success   of  the 
treasure  itself  counts  higher  than  rule  of  thumb  details 
that   circumstances   render   impracticable   or   impossible. 
Our  correspondent  appears  already  to  have  tried  practi- 
cally  everything   of  carpeting   value — slow   growers  and 
stranglers  ^though    the   list   does   not   contain    Sedums 
iydixim    and    hispauicum    glaucura,    the    tiniest    mossy 
Saxifrages,  as  S.  muscoides,  or  that  jewel  of  grey  carpeter* 
of  tlie  Kabschia  set,  S.   Salomoni,  which,  while  shy  of 
flowering,  has  no  equal  for  the  object  in  view.     This  set 
of  four  provides  two  of  grey  leafage  and  two  of  green, 
*'  stay-at-homes,"  withal,  which  is  what  our  correspondent 
is    seeking.     Obviously    our    correspondent    has    enough 
of  the  irrepressibles  that  penetrate  everywhere  and  over- 
whelm things.     The  alternative  to  carpeting,  as  usually 
understood,    would    be    that    of    planting    over-all    with 
subjects  of  a  contrasting  nature,  preferably  on  a  slightly 
undulated     surface.     Then,     by     free     propagation     and 
generous   planting,    tlie   surface-covering   idea   would    be 
achieved,  and  the  treaclierous  and  undesirable  eliminated. 
Above  all,  it  would  be  gardening  of  the  best  and  with  the 
best.     Of    necessity,    this    intergroupiog    of    tlie    subjft^ts 
would    require    some   thought,    since    plant     association 
and  fitness  would  have  to  be  considered.     By  reserving 
a  place  apart,  however,  the  smallest  growers — e.g.,  Saxi- 
fraga  baldensis,  S.  Valdensls  (true),  S.  Irvingii,  S.  Coch- 
learis    minor,    Myosotis   rupicola,    Dianthus   alpinus,    D. 
mlcrolepis  and  D.  sub-acaulis— could  be  readily  accom- 
modated and  given  a  chance.        Another    plant    which 
flowers    is    Silene    acauiis    saxatilis,    a    desirable    thing, 
particularly     when    raised    from    cuttings.        Elsewhere, 
of  course,  the  freer  growers  could  be  given  scope  according 
tfl  their  needs.     In  any  case  it  is  a  way  out  of  adi£Bculty, 
and  a  delightful  one  withal.     And  the  planning,  propa- 
gating and  planting  work  it  would  entail  would  be  time 
better  spent  and  fuller  of  interest  than  the  endeavour — 
not  always  successful —to  keep  in  subjection  those  that 
threatened  the  extermination  of  others  far  more  desirable. 
—ED.] 


off  and  burned.  This  will  prevent  infection  in  anotlier 
year  if  the  picking  over  can  be  done  thoroughly. 

KITCHEN    GARDEN. 

HOW  TO  GROW  SUCCULENT  AND'CRISP  LETTUCE 

(M.  E.  D..  Stu-lingshure). — Such  Lettuce  can  be  had  in 
private  gardens  where  competent  gardeners  are  in  charge, 
if  only  the  owner  will  go  to  the  expense  of  growing  them,  an 
item  of  expenditure  which  ver>'  few  owners  will  sanction. 
With  the  market  gardeners  around  Paris  it  is  a  special 
department  of  gardening,  not  only  for  supplying  the  large 
demand  in  France,  but  also  for  export.  This  industry  has 
been  carried  on  for  generations  in  France  by  exjierts  in 
the  business.  There  is  no  secret  as  regards  the  nature  of 
the  culture  necessary  to  adopt  to  secure  such  results.  It 
means  a  large  expanse  of  glass  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  plants  during  winter  and  early  spring,  and  also 
intensive  culture  of  the  soil  and  an  inexhaustible  supi)ly 
of  organic  manure.  The  latter  is  the  great  motive  power 
which  produces  the  quick,  tender  and  crisp  growth  in  the 
Lettuce,  as  it  does  in  most  vegetables  to  which  it  is  appUed, 
so   essential  to   salad   plants,  which  are  eaten  uncooked. 


TREES     AND    SHRUBS. 

RHODODENDRON  FOLIAGE  ATTACKED  (E.  N.  J.. 

Oxford). ^The  Rhododendron  leaves  have  been  badly 
attacked  by  a  sucking  fly  called  Stephanitis  rhododcndri. 
This  insect  is  becoming  increasingly  common  on  Rhodo- 
dendrons, and  it  would  be  well  to  do  the  utmost  possible 
to  check  it.  Spraying  with  nicotine  wash  would  probably 
be  the  best  specific,  and  it  should  be  done  at  the  end  of 
May  or  in  the  first  week  in  June,  for  the  insects  are  then 
active  on  the  foliage,     j 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

TREATMENT  OF  CLEMATIS  UNDER  GLASS  (N.  T., 

Liverpool), — As  the  Clematis  has  produced  its  flower  buds 
it  would  be  advisable  to  allow  it  to  fiower  before  pruning 
the  branches.  It  is  quite  natural  for  flower  buds  to  appear 
before  fclie  leaves  are  fully  grown. 

NAMES    OF    PLANTS.— L.    E.    H.,    Monte-Carlo^^ 
Flower  of  Anemone  Hepatica ;    (2)  Leaf  of  a  Ranunculus, 

probably     K.     aconitifolius. 1.     F.     S.,     Somerset. — 

Coronilla  emenis.  Scorpion  Senna. 


SOCIETIES 

NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM     SOCIETY. 

On  Tuesday  evening.  March  15,  the  Executive  Committee 
held  a  meeting,  Mr.  E.  F.  Hawes  presiding.  Tlie  miimtes 
of  the  preceding  meeting  were  read  and  confirmed,  from 
which  it  appeared  that  the  Executive  Committee  will 
assemble  on  September  19,  October  17,  November  28 
and  December  12,  1921.  The  meetings  of  the  Floral 
Committee  will  take  place  on  September  19,  October  3 
and  17,  November  3,  14  and  28,  and  December  12  next. 

The  death  of  Mr,  Froome,  Honorary  Secretary  of  the 
Finchley  Chrysanthemum  Society  and  its  delegate  to  the 
N.C.S.  Executive  Committee  had  recently  taken  place. 
A  silent  vote  of  conaolence  with  the  family  was  taken. 
To  fill  a  vacancy  on  the  Floral  Committee,"  Mr.  Charles 
Davis  was  elected,  and  there  being  three  seats  vacant  on 
the  Executive  Committee,  Messrs.  W.  W.  Roots,  W.  Clark 
of  Chingford,  and  Pateman  were  appointed  to  fill  them. 

The  various  sub-committees  were  reconstituted  by  filling 
up  vacancies  arising  from  death  and  other  causes.  Tho 
schedule  for  1021  was  then  submitted  in  draft  and  being 
on  almost  identical  lines  with  that  of  the  past  year  was 
agreed  to  without  discussion.  The  prizes,  owing  to  the 
liberality  of  special  donors,  will  cost  the  Society  rather 
less  than  half  of  the  total  offered,  apart  from  the  silver 
cups. 

The  question  of  publishing  "  The  Transactions  "  and 
continuing  the  educational  meetings  caused  some  inter- 
esting discussion.  It  is  hoped  that  the  former,  in  some 
shape  or  other,  will  be  renewed,  wliile  support  from  various 
members  was  promised  in  respect  of  the  latter. 

Mr.  Harman  Payne  reported  on  the  Congress  and 
Exhibition  at  Le  Mans,  which  .is  now  well  on  the  way. 
This  will  be  not  only  a  Chrysanthemum  Show,  but  an 
International  Exhibition  of  Horticulture  in  general. 
British  exhibitors  and  visitors  will  have  a  most  cordial 
reception,  and  will  be  represented  on  the  jury.  Special 
arrangements  will  be  made  for  exhibits  going  tlirough  the 
Customs  without  vexatious  delays,  filr.  Pajme  (195, 
Wellmeadow  lload,  Catford,  S.E.)  has  had  "a  special 
interview  with  the  officials  at  the  French  Embassy  on 
this  subject,  and  will  be  pleased  to  give  full  details. 

PURCHASE  THE  RIGHT 

HORTICULTURAL  KNOWLEDGE 

FOR  THE  GARDEN. 


Mr.    C.    A.    JARDINE,    Consulting  Horticultural  Expert, 

Ojo  "  Tlie  Oardun"  20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  O.irilen,  W.C.2. 

Patronised  by  "The  Trade,"  The  Horticultural 
Press,  the  Nobility  and  Gentry  in  Australia,  New 
Zealand,  The  East,  The  Continent  of  Europe, 
and  Scientific  Bodies  in  U.S.A. 

After  CONSULTATIONS  clients  are  astonished  by  the 
valuable  knowledge,  experience  and  satisfaction  of 
improved  results  at  less  expenditure,  which  before 
they  had  no  knowledge  of,  and  from  which  they 
gain  permanent  benefits. 


FRUIT    GARDEN. 

PEARS  ATTACKED  (H.  P.  C,  Hants.).— Tho  Peara 
were  not  attacked  by  the  Pear  mite,  but  by  the  Pear 
midge,  a  very  small,  two-winged  fly  that  lays  its  eggs  in 
the  flower.  There  is  little  tliat  can  be  done  now,  unless 
it  be  to  stir  the  soil  beneath  tlie  trees  and  turn  fowls  out 
to  plok  up  the  chrysalides.  This  should  be  done  at  once. 
In  May  and  certainly  before  the  end  of  the  month,  the 
misshapca  fruits  containing  the  gruba  should  be  picked 


CHOICE   BORDER  VARIETIES. 
PLANT 


NOW. 


ca5 


naD 


ON§- 


STUART  LOW 


CO. 


Special  offer  of 
12  Plants.  2  of  a  sort 
for   1  2(6  carriage  paid,     c.w.o. 

,   Bush  Hill  Park,  Middlesex. 


168 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April   2,   1921. 


'To     Lovers    of     the    Garden     Beautiful." 


600  Illustrations  from  life  of  Hardy  Flowering. 
Shrubs,  Trees.  Climbers,  Plants  for  the  Waterside, 
Shrubbery,  Avenue,  Woodland,  Bog,  Bamboo, 
Dell  Rock  and  Garden,  vvith  description  and 
notes  as  to  planting,    Copiesgratis  on  application. 


V.  N.  GAUNTLETT  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
Japanese  Nurseries, 

CHIDDINGFOLD,  Surrey, 


(Carria(?e  Paid.) 


THE    DOG  :   MAN'S    FIRMEST  FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A,  Ckoxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Cotintey  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covcnt  Garden,  W.C,2, 


DUCKS,      GEESE      AND     TURKEYS,      by 

■WaL  nooLEY,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A. — A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The'  Manager,  "  CotrNTKY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  ^.0,2, 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants  in  Health 

and'Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V,M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
7/6  net  by  post  8/-.  A  Prospectus  of  tliis  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Mamigcr, 
"  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Ta-vistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


AS  PAR AGU  S. 

Strong    tliree    year   old    roo:s. 

Connover's  Colossal  20/-  per  100 

Carriage  extra.         Now  ready.         Stock  very  scarce. 

DOBBIE  &  GO.  LTD.,  Nurserymen,  Edinburgh. 


From  :— 
SEEDSMEN  and 

NURSERYMEN  H^t  EFFECTIVE 

or  direct.  FERTILIZER 

TINS  9d.  EACH   (1(3   post  free).  fQf^    ftn.     CROPS. 

71b.,14lb.,281b„S61b..lcwt,b.igs 
3/-,  519,  9/6.  17/6.  30/-  each. 

Bags  Free,  Carriage  Paid. 
HUNTER  &  GOW  LTD.,  28,  THOMAS  ST,  LIVERPOOL. 


I  KING'S  Acre  | 

m  Hardy  Herbaceous  &  Border  | 

I  PLANTS  and  VIOLAS  for  Spring  | 

^  Planting.     A  reliable  and  exten-  ^ 

M  sive    stock    of  young,  vigorous  ^ 

i  Plants.  i 


lUuslraied     Catalogue     and    any     information 
required  free   on    request   to 

King's   Acre    Nurseries 
HEREFORD.   ^'^- 


NEPETA    MUSSINI,    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII,    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and   ROCK    PLANTS    for   any   given   aspect. 

10/6;  all  carriage  paid.     Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAU  DEVI  N, 

WILLASTON,    BIRKENHEAD. 


V.  LEMOINE  &  SON, 

Nurserymen, 
NANCY,     FRANCE. 

NEW  &  RARE   PLANTS  a  SPECIALITY. 

Calalosue  No    1^4.  printed  in  English,  free  on  application. 


Planting  Calendar 
APRIL. 

Conditions  are  now  favourable  for  planting 
ROSES,  BUSH  FRUSTS,  LOGANBERRIES, 
LAXTONBERRIES,  and  other  Hybrid  Berries, 
STRAWBERRIES,  HARDY  PERENNIALS,  ROCK 
PLANTS,  HARDY  CLIMBERS,  ORNAMENTAL 

TREES  &  SHRUBS,  RHUBARB.  ASPARAGUS, 

etc. 

We  have  good  stocks  of  all  the  above,  and  shall 
be  pleased  to  send  Illustrated  and  Descriptive 
Catalogues  on  application. 

The  Barnham  Nurseries  Ltd., 
Barnham,  Sussex. 


RANSOMES' 

LAWN    MOWERS 


"  The  BEST  in  the  World." 


HAND  LAWN 
MOWERS  OF 
ALL  TYPES. 


Also 

MOTOR,    HORSE,    PONY 

and 

DONKEY    MOWERS. 
DELIVERY    FROM    STOCK. 

Write  tor  List  No.  101  to  : — 

RANSOMES,  SIMS  &  JEFFERIES,  LTD., 

ORWELL    WORKS, 

IPSWICH. 

Sold    by    all    Ironmongers    and    Seedsmen. 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


A  Booklet  contain- 
Ing  the  most 
Reliable  Garden 
Requisites    for    the 


(fi 


J5 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   (post    free). 


SHADINGS 

AND 

BLINDS 


Cotton,  Canvas.  Scrim,   Tiffany  and 

Lath  Blinds. 
A.— White  Material,  S4in..  3/-  ;    72in., 
4,'-  yard  run.     No.  2.  Lighter  Mesh, 
SJin.,  2/3:  7iin.  3/4  yard  run. 
Tiffany,     No.    2.    single,    20yds.    by 
19-  a  piece.      Lath.  1/4  per  square  foot. 


GARDEN 
HOSE 


RHINOHIDE,     the     best     in    the   World. 

Inter,      diam.      |in..     fin.,     ?in.,  lin., 

1/9.    2/-.    2(4.  2/8 

per   foot    run,    in    60ft.    lengths,  pass. 

train.       Huge    Stocks.       Orders  same 

day  by  passenger  train. 

Large  range  of  Lawn  Sprinklers. 


LAW  N 
MOWERS 


Immediate  Delivery  this  Season. 
Motor  Mowers  Delivered  in  a  few 
days.  £GS  10,'-  buys  one.  Write 
for  list  of  the  Best  Make.  Get 
particulars  of  the  1921  Marvel. 


NETTING 


Strawberry  and  Wasp.  —  Selection 
"B,"  lin.  Mesh,  25  by  8yds..  37/- 
per  piece.  Also  Tennis,  Wire,  Melon 
and  Peach  Netting. 


SPRAYING 
MACHINES 


Only      Tested      Machines       offered. 

Get    a    "  Holder-Harriden."        Both 

hands  free. 

No.  1  Hand-Sprayer 40,- 

No.  5a  Knapsack       138- 


CARRIAGE   PAID  ON  £1  ORDERS  AND  UPWARDS. 


"Le  Fruitier" 


THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK— YET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS     CENTURY. 

AS  SUPPLIED  to  the  ROYAL  GARDENS 

"EATON  GARDENS,  CHESTER. 
"  I  must  admit  that  the  GRAPES,  PEACHES  and 
MELONS  at  the  Shrewsbury  Show  were  grown 
with  the  aid  of  "LE  FRUITIER"  I  have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that  this  fruit  class  has 
been  one  of  the  hardest  and  keenest  prizes 
competed  for  in  my  time,  and  either  of  the 
placed  exhibits  were  well  worthy  of  a  first-class 
prize  anywhere. 

N.  F.  BARNES." 

Prices: 
36/-  cwt.,   19/-  Jcwt.,   10/6  28  lbs., 
6/-    14   lbs.,     3/6    7  lbs.       Bags    Free. 


W"  WOOD  &  SON  L  ° 


TELE 


(LATE     OF     WOOD     GREEN) 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GRAMS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS' 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS! 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


April  2,   kjji. 


THE     GARDEN. 


BEGON  IAS 

n  superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding. 


SoubleSi  in  S  colours,  flowers  like  large  Roses  and  Camellias  ... 
Soubles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,  ,,  ,,        ,,  ,, 

Singles,  in  6  colours,  very  large  fine  shaped  flowers 
Singles,  in  mi.\ed  colours,     ,,         ,,         ,,  ,, 


7/-    per  dozen  SO,'-  per  1(10 
S  6    ,,  4.0-    ,,     ,, 

4,6    „        ,,    .  30/-    „     ,, 
3/6   ,,  24/-    „     ,, 


Collection  of  36  large  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15/- 
3end  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations. 
Delphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOW     IS     THE     BEST     TIME     TO     PLANT     DELPHINIUMS. 
(Ve  have  pleasure  in  offering  the  following  Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 
vhich  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  this  year : — 
Collection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kinds  for    ...     50/- 

3ollection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds...         ...         ...     40/- 

Sollection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      20/-  and  30/- 

CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

BLACKMORE       &       LANGDON,       BATH. 


DURING  THE  WEEK-END 

Your  thoughts  are  full  of  your  garden  and  allotment.  How  can  I  produce  the  finest  flowers 
to  cheer  the  family  and  brighten  the  home  surroundings?  What  will  make  my  allotment 
give  n^e  more  Beans,  Peas,  Potatoes,  etc.,  etc.,  than  last  year?  In  fact,  how  can 
I  double  my  crops? 

We  can  tell  you.  We  have  more  than  doubled  Potato  ani  Scarlet  Runner  Bean 
crops.  We  have  had  Lettuce  ready  for  use  three  weeks  earlier  than  ever  before,  plants  and 
flowers  in  profusion  weeks  ahead  and  finer  in  quality.     It  has  all  bten  done  by  mixing  alittle 

RITO  (the  energiser  for  soil  bacteria) 

with  the  soil.  This  is  the  new  idea  in  gardening— the  latest  scientific  process.  You  feed 
the  soil  bacteria  and  they  feed  you. 

Prices:— 1     cwt.    23/6,     i-cwt.    12/-,     ^-cwt.    6/9,    14   lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 

SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

Manufacture. I  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd..  22.  Tunnel  .Avenue.  Greenic-ich.  S.E.  10 


The  Rito  Smile. 


GRAND   COLLECTIONS 

PHLOX. 

Jules  Sandeau,  purt  pink. 
W.  C.  Egan,  ro^y  lavendrr. 
Wanadis,  pale  lavender  blue. 
Nana  Coerulea,  purplish  blue. 
Selma,  salmon  pink. 
Iris,  blue  \-iolet. 

E.  Campbell,  best  pink,  white  eye. 
Hanny  Pflelderer,  creamy  white,  rose  eye. 
Antonin  Mercie,  lavender, 
Coquelicot,  fiery  scarlet. 
General  van  Heutsz,  orange  scarlet. 

F.  A.  Buchner,  white. 

1  each  of  above  9/-  •    2  of  each  17/- 

PAPAVERS    (Oriental  Poppies). 

Peppy's  Unique,  crimson  scarlet. 
Rose  Queen,  rose  pink. 
Princess  Ena,  salmon  rose. 
Oriflame,  scarlet. 
Silver  Blick,  silvery  white. 
Silver  Queen,  white. 
Mrs.  Peppy,  apricot  salmon. 
Queen  Alexandra,  clear  rose, 
Masteppiece,  salmon  pink. 
Qoliath,  scarl't,  enormous  flowers. 
Peppy's  White,  white. 
Lady  Roscoe,  salmon  shaded  terra-cotta. 
1  of  each  8/6  ;    2  of  each  16/. 

CAMPANULAS    (for    Rockeries). 

Carpatica    Isabel,  dark  Wolet. 
,,  White  Star,  white. 

,,  Rivepslea,  rich  blue. 

Qapganica  minor,  pale  blue. 
Q.  F,  Wilson,  deep  blue. 
Profusion,  pale  blue. 
Bavarica,  blue. 
Aggregata,  bluish  purple. 
Stevensii  nana,  deep  blue. 
Pulloides,  deep  purple. 
Tupbinata  pallida,  pale  blue. 

,,  purplish  blue. 

1  each  9/-  ;    2  of  each  17/6  ;    3  of  each  25/-. 
AUBRIETIAS    (12    Grand    Varieties). 
Argentea,   Ppitchapd's   A.I.,    Purple   Robe,  Violet 
Queen,  Purpurea,  Qodstone  (New),  Taupicola  alba, 
The  Queen  (New),  Leichtlini,  Lilac  Queen,  Laven- 
der, Sov.  de  Wm.  Ingram. 
1  of  each  8/6  ;    2  of  each  16/-  ;    3  of  each  24/6. 
Send  for  Descriptive  List  of  Herbaceous  and  Alpine  Plants. 

W.     WELLS,     Jun., 

Hardy  Plant  Nurseries,  MERSTHAM,  SURREY. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    Catalogue. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed   Potato   Merchants,  YORK. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

Choice  Saxifrages,  over  TO  species  and 
varieties.  Sample  Dozen,  carr.  paid,  10,6 
Send    for    full    list,   containing   many    New    and 

Rare   Plants,    Free. 
FREDK.    G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 

ASHTEAD,     SURREY. 


CARNATIONS. 

~~^      For   any    and    every    purpose. 

i       Large  plants  in  6in.  pots  in  Bud, 

from    35/-    per    doz.,    carriage 

^       txtra.     YoungLr  stock  in  3^in. 

p  its,  from  15;'-  per  doz. 

BORDER  CARNATIONS 

Vou  MUST  plant  now  if  you 
are  to  get  the  best  results  this 
year.  We  have  superb  stocks 
of  all  the  best  varieties  for  im- 
mediate delivery,  ex  3Ain.  pots. 
The  undermentioned  collec- 
tions are  available  at  carriage 
&  pacUing  paid  prices  for  cash  : 

Coai.  No.  Ic— 6  dislinct  varieties,  \Z\- 

Coll.  No.  2c.— 12       ,.  „  24/- 

Coll.    No.    3c.— 100     Plants    in    twelve    best    standard 

varieties,  140/- 

Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  cash. 

ALLVA/OODII. 

The  new  hardy  plant— half  Pink  and  half  Carnation— grows 

anywhere,  and  flowe-'S  perpeUially  from   Spring    to  Winter. 

All   varieties  available,   but    we    offer  the  u  i  dermentioned 

CO  lections  at  carriage  and  pacUing  paid  prices  tor  cash: — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  distinct  varieties,  11/- 

Coll    No.  2b.-9         „  ..  23/6 

Coll.  No.  3b-.12       „  ..  40/- 

Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  cash. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET.    6d.    post     free. 

Ffi/o'     iU-.i^tr.iicd    and    iicsci  if>tive    c,it,t!of:itc    sciit    p.'si    free    u-itlt 
pleasure  ott  rcijuest. 

'  When  yon  think  of  Carnations  yon  (biok  of 


Forbes'  1921  Catalogue 

Carnations.  Pelargoniums.  Pentstemons. 

Phloxes.  Florists'  Flowers. 

Hardy    Border    Perennials.  Seeds,    etc. 

FREE     ON    APPLICATION. 

JOHN  FORBES  (Hawick)  Limited,  The  King's 

Nurserymen,    Hawick,    Scotland. 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The   finest  stock  in   the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


The  leadiof  Carnation  Raisers  and  Specialists  ia  the  World,   Dept.  4. 

HAYWARDS   HEATH.   SUSSEX 


ASPARAGUS. 

Now  is  the  best  time  for  planting.  We  can  offer 
Strong  two  years'  of  Giant  and  French  Argenteuil, 
15/-  per  100,     Carriage  by  Passenger  Train  extra. 

S.    BIDE    &.    SONS,    LTD., 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


CARNATIONS 

Why  pay  high  railway  rates? 

TRY     MY 

Parcel  Post  Collections. 


PLANTS  OUT  OF    U   INCH    POTS. 

20    in  20  varieties 20/- 

50    in  50  varieties 50/- 

100    in   100  varieties  ...100/~ 

All    Free    by    Post. 


C.   ENGELMANN, 

Carnation   Grower, 
SAFFRON      NA/ALDEN 


GREEN    HOLLIES. 

A     particularly     fine     lot     for     immediate     effect. 

5/6   feet,   6/7   feet,  7/8  feet  and  8/9  feet. 

Prices  per   dozen,    and    hundred    on  application   to 

S.    BIDE    &    SONS,    LTD.. 

Alma     Nurseries,     Farnham,     Surrey. 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  2,   1921. 


1  £>i/^pect^/  '^ppo//7fi7ner7t 


v5  ff/s  /73/esiy  ne  firn^. ' 


Lawn 


Jl^       LAWN    ^ 

Rowers 


AND 


THE     PIONEERS     OF    ALL     THAT 
18      BEST      IN      LAWN      MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "  SILENS 
MESSOR"  LAWN 
MOWERS. 


WORLD    RENOWNED 

OVER  A  MILLION  SOLD. 

Green's  New  Century  Lawn  Mower 

The  ideal  Mower  for  small  lawns, 
slopes,   banks, 


A^oluEBS 


May     be     had     from 

any     Ironmonger     or 

Seedsman       in       the 

United  Kingdom. 


Motor    Lawn    Mowers 

made  in 
Sizes     12in.    to    42in. 


GREEN'S 
GARDEN 
ROLLERS. 


Illustrated         Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


THOMAS  GREEN   &    SON.  Ltd..  Smithfield   Ironworks,  Leeds,   and  New  Surrey  Works,  Sonttawark  Street.   London.  S.E.I. 


EVERYMAN'S    SEED    SOWER 

Economises  the  Seed  and 
SAVES    THINNING    OUT 


From 
Army  &  Navy  Stores, 

CSS.  A. 
Messrs.  Barr  &  Sons, 
and  leading  Sundries- 
men.  Ironmongers.  &c. 

If    your    dealer      is 

out    of    stock   send 
1/2  for  Sample 
post   free    to 

HOUSE  &QARDEN 

SUNDRIES  CO., 

Dept.  Q., 

10  Eastcheap,E.C.3 


«M«MM«Mm« 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

MADE  IN  5  SIZES  FOR  GREENHOUSES 
VARYING  FROM  12  TO  50  FEET  LONG.  IT 
HAS  AN  ESTABLISHED  REPUTATION 
AMONGST  GARDENERS  FOR  SAVING 
FUEL.  MAINTAINING  TEMPERATURE 
AND  BURNING  12  TO  20  HOURS  WITH- 
OUT   ATTENTION 


38.000.SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN     A     FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R  H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  o( 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.  LONDON,  S.E.1 


FOR  SUCCESS   IN 
YOUR  GARDEN  — 


OH 


'S 


tslVP^^ 


On    the    market 
for      over      40    years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over     the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      they     stand    unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description    of    Fruit-bearing.    Flowering 
and  Foliage  Plants.  Vegetables.  La\\ns.  etc..  etc. 
Vino,     Plant    and   Vegetable    Manure,     lcwt.,36/-;      561b.,    19/-;      281b..  10,6: 
141b.,  6,'-;  71b..  3/6;  Tins.  1/6. 
Special  Top-DressIng  Manure,  561b.,  19/-:  281b.,  10/6;  141b.,  6/.;  71b..  3/6. 
WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLET— POST     FREE     ON     REQUEST.     IW 
NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers  : 


THO.MSON      &     SONS.     LTD.,     CLOVENFORDS,     SCOTLAND. 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2iia  Edition  of  tliis  pupular  book  by  E.  H.  JENKINS,  7/6  net, 
bv  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrated.  Published  at  the 
offices  of  "  COUKTKY  LITE,"  LTD.,  20,  Ta\1stock  Street, 
Ciiv.nt  fiarden,  W.C.2.  _^_^_ 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


For 

Shod 

L  Horses. 


FIG.  2.  FIG.  2. 

(Welted  Pattern).  (No-\\'elt  Pattern). 

ONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS  USED. 
SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST!  MOST  ECONOMICAL  ! 

Best  English  Leather  or  Rubber  Soles. 
Used    in     the     Roial     and     in     thousands     of     the 

Principal    Gardens. 

Fig.  1.  can  be    re-soled   many   times  and  will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Silver  Medals:— 

Royal  Horticultural  Society.  1904  and  1914. 

Royal  International  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1912. 

HUNDREDS    OF    TESTIMONIALS. 
Ovep  lO.OOO  Sets  used  In  the  United  Kingdom. 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  from  the  Makers  : — 
H.  PATTISSON  &   Co..  Streatham.  London 


HOCKEY,  GOLF,  CROQUET  AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimt-s,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Ta\'i3tock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. _^ 


^' 


ii 


ACME 


99 


WEED    KILLER 

DESTROYS     WEEDS.     MOSS,     etc.,    ON~ 

CARRIAGE     DRIVES,     GARDEN 

WALKS,     ROADS,     etc. 

Awarded    Gold    Medal    Anglo-American    Exhibition, 
Bronze  Medal  Royal   Horticultural  Society. 

POWDER    WEED    KILLER 

The  same  chemical  compound  as  the  liquid,  and  only 

needs  the  addition  of  water. 

Dissolves  Quickly  In  Cold  Water. 

SIZE    OF   TINS. 

No.  X,  sufficient  to  make  I2h  galls.,  2/-,  postage    9d. 


3/9 

i:/G 


18/-,  post  free. 

and   fertilises    the 
7  1b.,  S/3; 


25 
„     2.  ,,  „  50 

,.     3.  ,.  .,         100 

..     4,  ,.  „         150 

Tins  free. 

Lawn    Sand. — Kills  Daisies,  etc. 

grass.     No  other  manure  necessary. 

56  lb..  16/-. 
Soluble    Paraffin. — Mi.xes  instantly  with  water  and 

does  not  separate.       I    lb..  2/9.  post  free.     I  oz. 

SLifHcient  for  1  gallon  of  water. 
Arsenate  of  Lead  (Paste)  for  destroying  all  leaf-eating 

insects,  3/-  per  lb.,  post  free.     1  lb.  sufficient  for 

25  gallons  of  water. 
Extract  of  Quassia  Insecticide.— 1  gallon,  5/-,  carriage 

paid  on  5  gallons.     Pint,  2/6,  post  free. 
Compound  Extract  of  Quassia  Tobacco  insecticide.— 
_Pint,  2/6:    quart.  4/-,  post  free.; 

THE^ACME  CHEMICAL  CO.,  LTOT, 

ic  :r,^.,;e«TONBRIDGE,     KENT. 


April 


IQ2I.1 


THE     GARDEN. 


32nd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Post    Free,   or   carriage    paid    passenger    train.        Packing    free,    no    delay.       24/-    worth    for   20/-.      Lots    can    be 
divided.       Please  add   4d.  extra   for  orders   under  3/-,   to    help    meet    high    rate   of    postage.        Cash    with    order. 
Plant    now    for    success.       Splendid    strong,    hardy   plants,   to  flower  well   this   year. 


HARDY     PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Achillea,  T1k>  Pearl,  iluuble  wliite,  6,  l/-t.  Achillea,  P.-rry's 
Wtiit*', -1,  1/6.  Achillea,  X*'w  Oirise  Qu-en,  4,  1/6.  Agros- 
tamma.  Flos  joirs,  Orim-on.  6,  1/4.  Alyssum  compact  urn 
Gold  Dust,  12,  1/6.  Alpine  Pinks,  various  colours,  12,  1/b. 
Alstromeria,  Peruvian,  Flaiuf  Lily.  4,  1/4.  Anchusa  Italica, 
amethyst  blue,  6,  1/6.  Anchusa  Dropmore,  intt-nse  blun,  4, 
1/6.  Anchusa  myosotisitlora,  dwarf  rockery,  f-tc,  m;issps  deep 
gentian  blue.  3,  1/6-  Aconitum  Fi'^cheri,  rich  blue,  enormous 
blooms;,  3,  1/6.  Anemone  japonica,  wliite  or  pink,  3,  1/6. 
Aquilegia,  loD'^  spurred,  nt-w  art  shades  and  pure  yellow,  6,  1/4. 
Aquilegia,  double  and  single  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Aubrjetia,  masses 
rich  purple,  12,  1/6.  Auricula,  alpine  and  show,  6, 1/6.  Aster, 
perennial,  best  named,  3,  1/6.  Aster,  perennial,  good  mixed, 
6,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  stronii,  bushy,  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted, new  lar^e  flowering,  lovely  colours,  separate  or  mixed, 
6,   1/4. 

Brompton  Stocks,  all  colours,  6,  1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  rooted  cuttin:;s,  best  named,  for 
house  or  ijarden,  summer,  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  any  colour 
or  mixed,  6,  1/6.  Campanulas,  dwarf  carpatica,  masses  of 
bloom,blueorwbite,4, 1/4.  Campanula  persicifolia  andgrandis. 
tall,  4, 1/4.  Campanula  Walilenbergia,  large  Clematis-flowered, 
4,  1/4.  Campanula  macrantha,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Cam- 
panula pyramidali-i,  lianJsome  chimney  bell  flower,  two  year  old 
plants,  blue  or  white,  3,  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  lovely  hybrids, 
12,  1  /6.  Canterbury  Bells,  double  pink,  white  and  blue,  6,  1  /4. 
Canterbury  Bells,  cup  and  saucer,  6,  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells, 
lovely  large  piuk  or  white  singles,  12, 1/6.  Candytuft,  pt^rennial, 
4,  1/4.  Carnation  Grenadin,  scarlet  or  white  or  mixed,  good, 
4,  1/6.  Carnation  Margaret,  fine  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Carnation, 
good  double  border,  all  colours,  separate,  6,  1/6.  Centaurea 
montana,  large  perennial  Cornflower,  blue  or  white,  6,  1/4. 
Cerastium,  snow  in  summer,  12,  1/6.  Cheddar  Pinks,  true, 
6,  1/4.  Christnnaa  Roses,  large  roots,  2,  1/9.  Chrysanthe- 
mum ma>cimiira,  Mrs.  L.  Bell,  market  favourite,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Chinese  Pinks,  lovely  colours,  12,  1/6.  Cistus,  rock  rose, 
6,  1/4.  Coreopsis  grandifiora,  6,  1/4.  Cornflowers,  Kelway's 
double  blue,  12,  1/4.  Cowslips,  red  hybrids,  6,  1/4.  Crucia- 
nella,  pink  rockery,  etc.,  8,  1/4. 

Dactylis,  silver  ribbon  grass,  6. 1/4.  Daisies,  new  Monstrosa, 
enormous  double  red  or  white,  12, 1/4.  Delphinium  formosum 
and  finest  hybrids,  3^  1/6.  Delphinium,  Lize  Van  Veen, 
enormous  pare  blue,  large  plants.  1/- each.  Dianthus  deltoides, 
creeping,  crimson,  6  1/4.  Dianthus  Kelway's  lovely  named 
varieties,  separate  colours  or  mixed,  12, 1/6.  Dielytra  spectabilis, 
bleeding  heart,  2,  1/9. 

Eccremocarpus,  orange  flowered  climber,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron 
(stenactes),  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron,  new  Quakeress,  fine 
3,  1/6.  Erigeron,  new  large  salmon,  2,  1/6.  Eupatorium, 
white,   6,    1/4.     Evening    Primrose,    dwarf,  4,  1/4. 

Forget-me-nots,  best  large  flowering  dwarf,  dark  or  light 
blue,  15,  1/4.  Foxgloves,  purple,  white,  spotted,  etc.,  12,  1/4. 
French  Marguerites,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.  Fuchsia,  hardy 
crimson  bush,  4,  1/6. 

Qaillardia  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Qeum  Mrs.  Bradshaw  (two 
year  old),  2,  1/4.  Qeum  Glory,  double  scarlet,  4,  1/4. 
QIadiolus,  best  named,  large  bulbs,  scarlet,  white,  pink,  flame, 
yellow,  salmon,  maroon,  violi't.  blue  and  splendid  new  hybrids, 
6,  1/4.  Qypsophila  glabrata,  dwarf  rockery,  6,  1/4. 
Qypsophila  paniculata  (gauze  flower),  6,  1/6.  Qypsophila 
Rokejeka,  pink,  4,  1/6. 

Helenium  Bigelowi,  Hooperil,  autumnal,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Helenium  iiiverton  Gem  and  Beauty,  4,  1/6.  Helianthus, 
perennial  Sunflower,  double  or  single,  12,  1/6.  Hemerocallis, 
large  flowering,  yellow  and  orange  red  Lily,  4,  1/4.  Heuchera 
sanguinea,  scarlet,  4, 1/4.  Hollyhock,  Kelway's  doubles,  4,  1/6. 
Hollyhock,  single,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.  Honesty,  crimson  or 
white,  12,  1/6.     Hypericum  St.  John  Wort,  4,  1/6. 

Iceland  Poppy,  Excelsior  strain,  6,1/4  Incarvillea,  large  rich 
carmine.  3,  1/6.  Iris,  large  flowered  Japanese,  4,  1/4.  Iris, 
large  flag,  splendid  large  flowering  white,  mauve,  blue,  purple, 
yellow,  4,  1/6;    mixed,  6,  1/6 

Kniphofla,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/4. 

Lavender  bushes,  English,  3,  1/6.  Lilies,  hardy  Tiger,  3,  1/4. 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  large,  6,  1/4.  Linum,  blue  perennial  Flax, 
8,  1/4.  Linaria  dalmatica,  yellow,  6,  1/4.  Lobaiia  cardinalis, 
hybrids,  6,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinahs.  Queen  Vidoria,  4,  1/4. 
London  Pride,  rockery,  6, 1/4.  Lupins  polyphyilis,  white,  blue, 
ft,  1/4.  Lupin,  pink,  4,  1/4.  Lupin  Tree,  yellow  or  white, 
3,  1/6.  Lupins,  mixed  colours,  12,  1/6.  Lychnis,  scarlet, 
salmon,  crimson,  6,  1/4. 

Monarda  Cambridge,  scarlet,  3,  1/4.  Montbretiai  brilliant 
spikes,  12,  1/6. 

Periwinkle,  large  blue,  4,  1/6.  Pansies,  splendid  large 
flowering  Bugnot's  Superb,  Bismarck,  Britannia,  Masterpiece, 
Cassiers,  Odiers,  etc.,  12,  1/4.  Pansies,  bedding  white,  yeUow, 
blue,  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden.  12,  1/4.  Papaver  Oriental 
Queen,  Apricot  Queen,  Salmon,  etc..  6,  1/6;  scarlet  and 
crimson,    6,    1/4.     Passion    Flower,  hardy    blue    and    white. 


^,  1/6.  Peas,  (Everlasting,  red,  pink,  wliite,  4,  1/4.  Physalis, 
giant  Cape  Gooseberry,  6,  1/4.  Pinks,  favourite  double  white, 
6,  1/4.  Pinks,  Mrs.  Simkin-;,  3, 1/6.  Pinks,  coloured,  fragrant, 
12,  1/6.  Pinks,  Japanese,  iarg"  fringed,  12, 1/6.  Polemonium, 
blue,  6,  1/4.  Phlox,  large  flowering,  best  named,  pink,  salmon, 
scarlet,  white,  crimson,  purple,  white  and  cerise,  3,  1/6  ;  mixed, 
4,  1/4.  Polyanthus,  Kelway's  border,  6,  1/4.  Polyanthus, 
Primrose,  rich  colours,  6,  1/6.  Polyanthus,  double  white, 
4,  1/6.  Poppy,  Shiriey,  art  shades,  9,  1/4  Potentilla,  double 
crimson,  6,  1/6.  Primula  denticulata  superba,  large  clumps, 
1,  1/-.  Primulas,  lovely  liardy  varieties  for  rockery  and  damp, 
shady  places,  many  beautiful  colours,  assorted,  4,  1/4.  Pent- 
stemon,  scarlet  and  large  flowering  varieties,  6.  1/6.  Paeonies 
larg'-  pink,  rrimson  wiute,  y.llow.  2. 1/4.  Pyrethrum,  Kelway's 
hybrids,  6.  1/6.  Polyanthus,  primrose,  large  white  aud  ye  low, 
6.  1/4.     Pyrethrum,  James  Kelway,  very  large,  single  scarlet, 

3,  1/6. 

Ribbon  Qrass,  variegated,  6,  1/4.  Rose  of  Sharon,  4,  1/4, 
Rose  Campion,  crimson,  12,  1/6.  Rocket,  sweet,  6,  1/4. 
Rudbeckia  Newmanii,  6,  1/6. 

Salvia  pratensis,  spikes  purple,  4, 1/6.  Saponaria  ocymoides 
pink  dwarf,  6 , 1/4.  Saxifraga  choice  assorted,  6, 1/6.  Sedums, 
choice  assorted,  6, 1/4.  Scabious,  sweet,  double,  8, 1/4.  Scabious 
Caucasica,  large  mauve,  3,  1/6.  Shasta  Daisy,  white,  6,  1/4. 
Silenecorapacta,  dwarf  pink,  15. 1/6.  Solidago,  Golden  Wing'^, 
6,  1/6.  Spirea  pilmata.  scarlet,  3,  1/6.  Stachys,  Lamb's- 
wool,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  Williams,  Kelway's  Pink  Beauty  and 
Scarlet  Beauty,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  William  Diadem,  auricular 
eyed  and  good  mixed,  12,  1/6.     Star  of   Bethlehem,   6.  174. 

Trollius  early  golden  globe  flower,  6,  1/6.  Thistle  Queen 
of  Scots,  from  the  original  at  Fotheringay  Castle,  3, 1/4.  Thalic- 
trum,  hardy  Maiden  Hair,  4,  1/4.  Thrift,  compact,  pink 
flowering,   12.   1/6.     Tritoma,   Red-hot  Poker,  3,  1/4.       _ 

VerbasGum,  tan  veUow,  t,  1/4.  Verbascum,  dwarf,  lovely 
colours,  6,  1/6.  Valerian,  red,  6,  1/4.  Veronica,  beautiful 
blue,  6,  1/6.  Viola  cornuta,  gem  for  rock'-ry,  white,  mauve, 
purple,  blue,  12,  1/6.  Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  ye  low,  white, 
blue,  purple,  12,  1/6.  Viola  Maggie  Mott.  large  mauve  rooted 
cuttings,  6,  1/4. 

STRONG    LARGE    HARDY    CLIMBERS. 

Clematis  \italba,  Traveller's  Joy,  1,  2,-.  Clematis  montana, 
large,  early,  white,  1,  2/6.  Jasmine,  yellow,  winter  and  spring, 
1,  2/6.  kerria  japonica,  early  yeUow,  1,  2/6.  Honeysuckle, 
Japanese,  variegated,  1,  2/-.  Virginian  Creeper,  1,  2/-. 
Pyrus  japonica,  early  crimson,  1,  2/6. 

STRONG  VEGETABLE  AND  HERB  PLANTS. 

Spring  Cabbage,  winter  Onions,  Lettuce,  LeeKs,  Pickling 

Cabbage,  100.  1/9  ;  300,  4/6.  Chives,  fx-rennial  Onions,  20,  1/4. 
Rhubarb,  best  named  red  varieties,  6, 1/4.  Sea  Kale 
12,  1/9.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint.  Marjoram,  6, 1/4.   Parsley,  best 

curled,  12,  1/4.  Cauliflower  strong  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted in  frames  for  early  use,  20    1  /4, 

SPLENDID  STRONG  TRANSPLANTED  PLANTS  FOR 
COOL  HOUSE,  etc. 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia  Flu 
Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  3,  1/6.  Begonias,  Salmon 
Queen,  Rose  Queen,  Crimson  magnifacaand  scariet  Prima  Donna, 

4,  1/4.  Beauty  Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Calceolarias, 
herbaceous,  very  good,  6,  1/6.  Cannas  Crozy's  splendid  hybrids, 
4,  1/6.  Celaia  critlca,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Cineraria, 
large  exliibition,  6,  1/4.  Cyclamen,  very  choice  strain,  3,  1/6. 
Eucalyptus,  blue  gum,  6,  1/4.  Fuchsia,  choice  doubles 
assorted,  4,  1/6.  Qeraniums,  scented  Oak  leaf,  3,  1/6.  Helio- 
trope, large  fragrant,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardmalis  Queen  Vloioria, 
scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis, 
beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Marguerites,  large  white,  6,  1/6. 
Marguerites-  large  yellow,  6,  1/6.  Marguerites,  lovely  blue, 
6,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  red  or  white,  6,  1/4.  Primula 
ohconica,  lovely  new  giant  hybrids, 3,  1/4.  Primula  malacoides, 
lovelv  mauve.  4,  1/4.  Primula  cortusoldes,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  japonica,  rich  crimson,  4,  1/4.  Primula  Kewensls, 
bright  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Primula  BuJleyana,  orange  red,  4.  1/4. 
Primula  pulverulenta,  crimson  shades,  4,  1/4.  Rehmannia, 
large  pink  trumpet,  3,  1/6.  Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet, 
4,  1/6.  Salvia  coccinea,  hrilUant  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Mother  of 
Thousands,  hanging,  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus  Wisetonien^is,  6, 
1/4.  Smilax,  trailing,  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  large  new 
hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Primula  ro-^ea  grandiflora,  lovely,  1,  1/-. 
Streptocarpus,  lovely  Cape  Primrose,  many  rich  colours, 
large  tubular  blossoms,  evergreen  perennial,  almost  perpetual 
flowering,  a  gem  for  pots,  3,   1/6. 

Qloxinias  best  named  varieties,  bulbs  started,  2,  1/4. 
Tomato     plants,    strong,    sturdy,     transplanted,     market 
favourites,  Sunrise,  etc.,  6,  1/6. 

SWEET      PEA      PLANTS. 

Separate  colours,  20,  1/6.  Mixed  new  large  flowering  and 
waved,   30,  1/6. 


catalogue:     free:. 


MRS.  PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


BIG   SLUMP   IN  SCOTCH    SEED 

GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN 

We  Guarantee  all  Seed  sold  as  Scotch  to  be  direct  from 
Scotland  tills  season.  The  Scottish  Board  of  Agriculture 
Certificate  Number  will  be  given  with  all  Scotch  seed  orders. 

IMMUNES.  SCOTCH. 

1121b.  561b.       281b.      141b.        71b. 

s.    d.  s.    d.       s.  d.       9.  d.       s.  d. 

Dargill  Early ..         ..       20    n  ILO      60      i    6      20 

Witch  Hill     .... 

Arran  Rose    ....             ..  ..            ..            ,,            „ 

Edzell  Blue    ..                    10     ()  8     B       5     0       3     0       2     0 

Great  Scot     ....            ,,  ..            ..           ,.           ,. 

Ally , 

Ring  George..         ..            ,,  ..           ,.           ..           „ 

Anan  Comrade         . .            „  ,,           „           „           ,, 

The  Bishop    . .         . .            .,  „            ..           >■           ■. 

Majestic          ....             „  ,,            ..            .,            „ 

Arran  Victory                         ..  ..           „           i. 

Kerr's  Pink    ....             ..  ..            ..            ..            .> 

Lochar            ....            ..  ..            .,           ,.           ,. 

Templar          ....             ,.  ..            .,            ..            ,i 

Golden  Wonder        . .            .,  ..           ,.           „           ,i 

Langworthy    ....             ..  ..            ,.            ,.            .. 

Abundance      ....             ..  ..            ..            ,. 

Tinwald  Perfection  . .            ..  ..           „ 

"  K.  of  K."  (English)  .        40     U  21     0     11     0       6     0       3     6 


NONIMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 


Myatt's  Ashleaf 
.Alay  Queen    . . 
Duke  of  York 
Midlothian  Early 
Ninetyfold      . . 
Puritan 

Sharpe's  Express 
Sir  John  Llewellyn 
Early  Eclipse 
Epicures 
British  Queen 
Up-to-Dates   . . 
Arran  Chief    . . 
Dalhousie 
Iron  Duke 
King  Edwards 
Early  Rose  (English) 
Ringleader  Do. 

Pink  Hebron     Do. 
Eating  Potatoes 
All  Round  Manure 
(our  own  mixing) 


13 


0       4     0 


8     6       5     0 


8     6 


20     0        11     0 


0       3     6 


CARRIAGE  PAID    PASS'^NCER  BATES. 

Seed.s  and  Manure  can  be  sent  carriage  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included.  It  is  much  cheaper  to  send  any  weight 
up  to  281b.  by  passenger  than  goods. 


Up  to  30  miles 
Up  to  50  miles 
Up  to  100  miles 
Up  to  200  miles 
Over     200  miles 


1121b. 

3  3 

4  3 
6  3 
8     4 

4 


561b. 
2     4 

2  6 

3  6 

4  6 

5  10 


281b. 
1     9 


141b. 
1  4 
1  6 
1  7 
1  9 
11 


71b. 


Carriage  by  goods  train  Is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  delivery. 
Send  for  our  Illustrated  List  and  Guide. 

TOM  E.  KING,  Ltd., 
Somersham,  St.  Ives,  Hunts. 

CoDlractors  lo  His  Majesty's  Government. 


J^m&ni^rii/ 


/ 

W   PE 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT  SAFETY 
WEED    KILLER 

FREE    FROM  ARSENIC 

Simple  to  use.  Very 
effective.  No  danger  to 
Children,  Animals, 
Poultry,  etc. 


Pint  tins  1  /9  each.     1  Gall.  Drums  7;-  each. 
Quart  „  3/-     „         5     ,,  ,,      27/6     „ 

'.  Qall.  „  4/9     „       40    ,,   Casks  £8  10    ,, 

INSIST    ON     McDOUGALL'S.       REFUSE 
SUBSTITUTES  &  AVOID  DISAPPOINTMENT. 


IF  A.NY  DIFFICULTY  IN  OBTAINING  SUPPLIES 
LOCALLY.  PLEASE  WRITE  US  DIRECT  FOR 
ILI  USTHATED  PRICE  LIST  AND  MENTION  NAMB 
AND  ADDRESS  OF  LOCAL  SEEDSMAN.  NURSERY- 
HAN     OR    IRONMONGER. 

M-'DOUGALL  BROS^  LTD.,  'l^^^^^l 


vin. 


THE     GARDEN. 


rAPRlL  2,    iq2i. 


BARGAINS  ! 


CLOGS 


AT  CUT 
PRICES. 


We  give  details  hereof  a  special  line  ut  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  to  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  surplus  stock,  made  up  tor  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day— there's  no  time 
to  put  off. 

C524.     Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,   strong   wood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  L;pFers    shape  as 
illustrated. 
Child's  sizes,  7,  8.  9,  and  10,  5/6  for  3/11 


post  paiJ 


3/11 


Boys'  and  Girls'  sizes.  11.  12,  13.  and  1. 

6/6  for  4/11,  post  paid      4/1 1 

Youth's  and  Women 's  sizes,  2,  3,  4,  and 

5.  7/11  for  5/11.  post  paid  5/11 

Women's  and  Men's  sizes,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 

and  11,  8/11  tor  6/11,  post  paid  ...  6/1  1 

Irons  round  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  1,  9d. 
extra.     All  larger  sizes.  1/3  extra. 
AH  our  usual  sh.Tpes  in  stock.    2  Buckle,  lest  quality. 
8/11,  now  8/-  post  paid.     All  sizes  for  men  and  women 
same  price.      Welliniitons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 
an.i  Watertights  all  reduced  10  percent. 
Send  for   our  Catalogue  of  Foot- 
wear now.     All  reduced  m  price. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVEBGATE  DUNDEE 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 


THE  MOST  PERFECT  * 

FERTILIZER 

FOR 


GREENHOUSES. 
GARDENS. 
LAWNS.  (A 


(     PATENTED    ) 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 


THE  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND  ,, 

COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf -mould,  ready  for  use  at  my  time,  in  the  s.ime  way,  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  e^uallin^  15  cuts.),  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  1  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  WlLKS.  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  fyarticiilars  and  testiiitonials  sent  on  receipt  nf  postcard. 

EC^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS     GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS.  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -Wl 

Prices,    including  bags,  I  bushel  2/3,  4  bushels  6/-.  5-4  bushels  28/9.  10-4  bushels  55/-.  '^0-4  bushels  100/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  {Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Guaran- 
teed Analysis  free.     Price,  including  bags 
14  lb.  bag,  3/3  ;   56  lbs.,  11/6;    1  cwt.,  22/- 
Best  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam,   4/.,  and  Leaf  Mould,   4./6.     Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 
Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.     Basic  Slag,  8/6.     Superphosphates,  1  2/6.     Bone 
Meal,  22/-,       Kainit,  11/6  per  cwt.       Nitrate  of  Soda,  30/-  per  cwt. 

See  Free  Booklet  tjs  above  for  f  rices  of  smaller  quantities,  also  other  goods. 
WAKELEY    BROS.     &    CO.,    LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,    LONDON,     S.E.I. 


Stimulates  the  soil,  assists  the  functioOB  of  soil  bacteria 
and  corrects  acidity.  Asl£  your  Seedsman,  or  write  to 
STONEHOUSE    Hort.   Depl.,    WEST    BBOMWICB 


N^ 


Introduced    1885. 

fOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able  method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efHciency  in  every 
way,  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

in  this  Fumigator  I 

Prices.— No.  1 .  for  Frames   and  "Lean-tos"  up  to  1.000 

cubic  ft..  lOd.  each  ;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  upto 

1,500  cubic  ft  ,  1 13  each  :  No.  3.  for  general  use  in  Large 

Greenhouses   from    2.000  to  2,500  cubic  ft.,   1/9  each. 


RegistertJ  Trade  Harli  6295. 


« 


TENAX 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Garden  shoald  have  its   Beebive 

Profitable,  easy  to    manafie,   and 
ensures  fertilization. J, 

Send    for    Illustrated    Catalogue    with 
Advice  to  BegiHHfr.s— Pos*  Free, 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 

Welwyn,    Herts. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


// 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA-    Lawn  sand  SoiLPuMt. 

NICOTIME  INSECTICIDES. FU"tI<S.SPOA»S,A>iD  OTHER  CMEM1C«LS 
»~0  SunlWlES.  Stt  UST.  PlEASE  ASK  VOUB  AGEXT  TOO  TBI  EuRIK* 
ARTICLES -ThEV  ARE  ALWAYS  SATISrACTORT  IF  AKY  OlfPlCULIV 
IN  OBTAINING    WE  SEHO  DIRECT,    CARRIAGE  PAID 


99     The  New  and  Most  Successful 

GRAFTING    WAX.  i 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It   is   rapidly  taUing  the  place  of  all  Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Buddmg  Purposes.  [ 

Tins,  each  9d.,  1  /6,  3A,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

USE      CORRY'S     CELEBRATED      CONCENTRATED 

(NON-POISONOUS) 

WINTER   DRESSING 

FOR     FRUIT     AND     OTHER     TREES. 

Pint.       Quart.     i-Oall.      1  Gall.         3  OaU.        SOall.    lOOall. 
each       2/3         3/9  6/-         111-  26|6         40/. 

SOLD    BY    THE    TRADE    OENBRALLY. 

Manufactured   by  CORRY    &    CO.,   Ltd.,   London. 


Looks  Well— Lasts  Long 

Pluvex  Roofirtr  Felt  -  ft  grreat  im- 
provemeot  on  uured  felt— ready  to 
lay  clean  to  handlo— no  painting 
—time  and  weatbor  proof.  Sold  by 
Haroware  Merchaou  eyerywhero. 

SXmPLES     The  Ruberoid  Co..  Lt '. 
Free.  lDpt.5).  SKKnightridei  St. .E.G. 


THE 


u 


BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth   "  draw 
out '"  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does  not  pinch 
or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 

Postage  7d. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

tf   tf   » 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,      and 

Chrysanthemums. 

Fancy     Fern     Pans     and 

Bulb  Bowls, 

from  4d.  each. 

No  Waiting  1 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM 


76/. 


REEDEN'S    SCHOOL   OF    GARDENING 

NEWICK,     SUSSEX. 

A  thoroughly  practical  training  for  ladies  taking 
up  Horticulture  as  a  profession  or  supervise  own 
gardens;  fruit,  flowers,  vefietables,  herbs.  Charming 
House  and  Grounds.    Apply  Principal. 


etsthcre;" 

and  makes  tlie  Garden  -rRAri  m.«k 
j,^iv  all  (he  year  round  --"£{{»-- 


cqu  everywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  in  PACKETS  lOd.  A  1/6,  and 

in  BRANDED  *  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs.   */•  I   U  lbs    7/.     28  lbs.   Hi- :  f,V?,^;?,'',':;  '  «  PACKETSIl' 
direct  (rom  the  Works.  Carrlane  Paid  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  Cash  with  Order  lexcept  PA(,KE  1  SI. 


CLAY    &    SON.    Manure  M"-.^' &  Bone  Crushers.  STRATFORD,  LONDON. E 


Published  by 


•COUNTRY  LIFE,"   LIMITED,  at  20,  Tavistock  Street,  strand.  W.C.2    and  by  Gborch  Newnps^  Li.mited    8-11.  Southampton  Street.  Strand,  W.C.2. 
and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press.  55  &  57.  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.CJ 


THE 


,vlAY  i)  -  1921 


GARDET^ 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2577. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y..  Post  Office 


Saturday,    April    9,    1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE     AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN      MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yeaily  Subscription  . 
Inland,    17/4:    Foreign.    17/4 


A    PLEASING     EFFECT     OBTAINED     BY     FLOWER 
BORDERS     AND     CREEPER-CLAD     ARCHWAY. 


BARR     &     SONS, 


BULBS  for  APRIL   PLANTING. 

Begonia,  Rose  Queen,  a  lovely  tuberous-rooted  Begonia,  producing  large 

fully  double  Camellia-shaped  flowers  of  a  charming  salmon-rose  colour, 

valuable  as  a  pot-plant   for  the  greenhouse  or   for  summer    bedding. 

Per  dcz.,  16/-  ;   each  1,6 

Cannas,  Large-flowered,  mixed.     Per  doz,  18/- ;  each  1,9 

Gladiolus     Primulinus    Choice    New    Hybrids,    3    each    of    6   distinct 

varieties,  10,6 
Gloxinias,  beautilul  large-flowered,  mixed.     Per  doz.,  9/- 
Hymenocallis    calathina,    large    white,  trumpet-shaped,  fragrant    flowers. 

Per  dcz.,  12,6  ;   each  1,3 
Lilium  speciosum  rubrum.     Per  doz.,  21/-  ;  each  2/- 

Lilium  speciosum  album  Kraetzeri,  pure  white.     Per  doz.,  30/- ;  each  2,9 
Tuberose  Double  Excelsior  Pearl.     Pet  doz.,  10,6  ;  each  1,- 

Oesci-ipfivc  Catulogue  Free. 

11,      12      &     13,      KINO      8TFEET, 
COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C.2 

Bentley's  Specialities 

WEED     DESTROYERS 

DAISY     KILLER     (Lawn    Sand) 

INSECTICIDES 

FUNGICIDES 

FUMIGANTS 

FERTILISERS 

Catalogue     on    Application. 

5o/e  Manufacturers:  JOSEPH    BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
Chemical    Works,    BARROW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 

ORCHIDS 

of   vigorous  babit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  BotaDical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  vrarm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for      the      good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  CO., 


VERT'S  HOLLYHOCKS 

Chater's  Original  and  Unrivalled  Gold  Medal  Strain. 

Herbaceous  Borders  are  not  complete  without   this  stately  subject. 


We  offer,  for  April  planting,  strong  healthy  plants  to  pro- 
vide a  grand  panorama  of  gorgeous  colour  ranging  from  white 
to  almost  black  during  the  coming  Summer  and  Autumn. 

List  post  free  on  npplication. 

JAMES  VERT  &  SONS,  SAFFRON  WALDEN,  ESSEX. 


THE     GARDEN, 


TApril   q,    1021. 


if 


THE    GARDEN      CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C..  N.R.S..  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of   England 

D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain. 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
or  all  kinds,  Send  tor 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS     AND     FLOWER  INQ 

R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


SHRUBS 
For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


PULHAM   &    SON 
Nurseries 
ELSENHAM,    ESSEX 


Garden  Craftsmen 

Rockworkers 

Rock,  Alpine 

and 

Herbaceous  Plants 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
TwERTON  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniuma 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON, 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Ltd. 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable&  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


Garden  Sundries 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides   and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  LiMl  I  HU  aii  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  and  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn   Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL    ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


THE  SHEFFIELD  -  MALAY 

TOOL  COY. 
Norfolk    Lane.  SHEFFIELD 


Perfect  roads, 
drams,  paths.lawns 
terraces,  etc.,  are 
obtained  by  using 
theS.M.  ROAD 
TRACER  &  LEVEL 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landacape  and 
Qarden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape   &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Sliow.  19I2. 


J.   CHEAL   &   SONS,   Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardenera 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advicj  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS      CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY   FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The  finest  stock  in  the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  i.  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


THE    DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST   FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  anil  care  for  him,  b.v  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  tlie  liuUsiiig.  brei'ding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
:iddressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
ravistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,   W.C.2. 


Gold  Queen  and  other  Hollies. 

WM.  PAUL  &  SON  beg  to  call  attention  to 
Ike    large    ami    fine    stock    of    HOLLIES 

growing  at  their  Loiigliton  Nursery 
IG.E.R.,  12  miles  from  London),  com- 
prising Gold  Queen,  Silver  Queen  and 
other  golden  and  silver-leaved  kinds 
2  to  6  feet  liigh,  also  broad-leaved  and 
other  green  varieties  2  to  8  feet,  and  a  fine 
stock  of  Common  Green  Hollies  5  to  8  ft. 

Prices,   wliich   are  very   iiiotieratc,  will  be 
quoted  on  application. 


Wm.  PAUL  &  SON,  Waltham  Gross,  Ltd., 

WALTHAM  CROSS,  HERTS. 


i»%»%^»»%»<«>^%%^tP 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks   Obtainable. 


Send    for    Catalogue. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed    Potato    Merchants,   YORK. 


APRIL    9,    1921. 


GARDEN. 


^ot^-.^ 


LOVELY  LAWNS  ensured  bv  using  WEBBS' 

PRIZE  LAWN  GRASS  SEEDS.  For  Tennis.  Croquet  and 
Gaiden  Lawns,  Bowling  Greens,  &c.  3/3  and  3/6  per  lb. ;  8/- 
and  8/9  per  trillion.  Carriage  Free.  Pamphlet  on  "  Making  and 
Kenovating  Lawns  "  free  on  request, 

WEBBS'   COLLECTIONS    OF    VEGETABLE 

SEEDS.  Best  value  obtainable,  5/-,  7/6,  10/-,  12/6,  21/-  e.ach. 
Contents  on  request. 

WEBBS'  COLLECTIONS  OF  SWEET  PEAS. 

— 12  fine  exhibition  varieties,  6/-;    12  ditto  (smaller  packets), 

3/-.     Post  Free. 

WEBB  &  SONS,  LTD.,  The  Zing's  Seedsmen,  STOUEBEIDGE 


BARR'S  VEGETABLE  &  FLOWER  SEEDS, 

of  finest  selected  strains  and  tested  growth.  Descriptive  cata- 
logue, including  a  select  list  of  the  best  Scotch  and  English 
grown  srod  Potatoes  free. 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DKONS,  AzaKas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Coniti  r;f,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants 
Water  Lilies,  Border  Chrjsanthemums,  Bedding  Plants,  Dahlias, 
Violas,  etc. — John  Watuier.  Sons  tt  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
Surrey,  Tv\'\ford,  Berks  and  London. 


WATERERS'  VEGETABLE  AND  FLOWER 

SEEDS.   Scotch  groi^Ti  seed  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE  AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,   in  the   new  and  leading   varieties  of   Delphiniums, 
Phloxes,  Irises. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND    GLAZING 

— •'  VITROLITE  •'  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  23/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  40/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra. — Full  particulars  from  Walter.  Carson  & 
Sons,  Grove  Wdrks,  Battersea.     Agents  throughout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Keuthe,  Eeston, 
Kent. 


BARR'S  HARDY  PERENNIALS,  ALPINES, 

ROCK  PLANTS,  AQUATICS,  CLIMBERS,  &c.,  for  Spring 
planting.    Catalogue  free. 

BARR'S   BEAUTIFUL  LILIES,  GLADIOLI, 

CANNAS,  MONTBRETIAS,  TIGRIDIAS,  BEGONIAS, 
TUBEROSES,  Ac,  for  Spring  planting.  Catalogue  free. — 
Baer  it  Sons,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 


THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  DotTQLAS,  Great 
Bookham. 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories,  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire;  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — WILLIAM  Beattie,  S,  Lower 
Orosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE, 

— The    only     reliable    and     complete    substitute    for     Stable 
manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive   List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plat«, 
6d.  post  free. — THE  BuRBiQE  NOESEEIES,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established  1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  W.m.  Duncan  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


GARDEN  TOOLS.— Send  a  Post  Card  to-day 

for  Ryders  new  36-page  Catalogue  of  all  Garden  Tools.  You 
will  find  there  unparalleled  offers  of  many  labour-saving  tools 
of  high  quality  at  exceptionally  low  prices.  See  also  our 
advertisement  of  Gladiolus  on  page  iv. — Ryder  &  Son  (1920), 
Ltd.,  St.  Albans. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS     SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free  — Terpy  Lee,  16.  Morden  Road,  Stcchford,  Birmingham. 

FERTILISERS.— Lawns    (25/-),  Fruit  Trees, 

Vines  (23  6),  General  Garden  Use  (21,-),  and  all  other  fertilisers. 
— Ht.  Richardson  &  Co.,  Skeldergate  Bridge  Works,  York. 


MINIATURE     JAPANESE     GARDENS     of 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  Also  Japanese  miniature 
figures,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
this  paper.— Ferrest  &  Ward,  84,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C.3. 


SCOTCH    SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/-  ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  JUdlothian 
Eariy.  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/-  ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6  ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6  ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6  ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  DargU 
Early,  4/6  ;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— Tillie,  Whyte  &  Co.,  12,  .Melbourne  Plac,  George  IV 
Bridgi-,  Ediuburgh.     Established  1837. 

KATAKILLA   DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.-  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/- ;  for  60  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &e.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MoDoooiLL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.    Established  1845. 

VIOLETS. — Strong  rooted  plants,  "  Princess 

of  Wales,  25,  3/6  ;  50,  5/- ;  100,  8/-.  Carriage  paid  — Br.imbie- 
BURT  NcRSERiES,  Bude,  Cornwall. 


IRON   AND    WIRE    FENCING   for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists, — Boulton  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS,— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Cole  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  ;  McDougall 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,  VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  tlrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


SUTTON'S    BEGONLAS. 

READING     BEAUTY     STRAIN. 
The   finest  bedding  variety  in  existence.      Crimson,   Scarlet,. 
Pure  White,  Creamy  White,  Rose,  Carmine,  Blush,  Primrose, 
Yel  ow,  Coral  and  Salmon.     Tubers,  each  2/- ;  dozen,  21/-. 

Start  in  co!d  frame  and  plant  out  early  in  June 
SUTTON  &    SONS,   THE    KING'S    SEEDSMEN.   READING 


KELWAY   BORDERS   SHORTEN   THE 

WINTER. — NOW  is  the  time  to  go  over  your  hardy  plants, 
replenishing  and  renewing  your  herbaceous  borders.  Get  a  list 
from  KELWAY'S  and  let  them  fill  your  gaps  with  fresh  beauty, 
which  will  last  some  years.  Is  your  border  beautiful  with  colour 
for  6  or  7  months  continuously  ?  It  should  be  a  source  of  ever- 
varying  interest  and  pleasure.  If  you  are  not  content,  see  to 
it  now.  Write  to  KELWAY'S  at  one  and  let  them  suggest  a 
colour  scheme  so  that  the  neighbouring  plants  do  not  clash. 
The  earlier  you  order  the  greater  your  choice. — Kelway  &  Son, 
The  Royal  Horticulturists,  Langport.  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


BATH'S  SELECT  SEEDS  AND  PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plant*  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  R,  H.  Bath, 
Ltd..  The  Floral  Farms.  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S       GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens."  free  on  applicalion. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 

WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.     List  free.— R.  Wallace  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tunbridge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,    NESTING    BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)    free.— 
MOORTON,  5.  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswlck. 


KING'S    ACRE     SEEDS.— From    the    finest 

strains  in  commerce  at  most  moderate  prices.  Please  write 
for  our  New  Illustrated  Seed  Catalogue  and  compare  prices 
before  ordering  elsewhere.  King's  Acre  products  are  noted  for 
their  reliability. — Kma's  ACRE  Nurseries,  Limited,  Hereford. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains  all  the  latest  novelties  in  tlowers  and  vegetables 
including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 
application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  IJd.  postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


PAVING.— Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — HODSON  &  Son,  68,  Castlegate 
Nottingham. 


WELLS '     CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratlves  for  flowering  In  the  greenhouse, 
November  and  December,  6/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  in  May,  to  bloom  from 
AugusttiU  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  in  25  varieties  for  80/-. 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application. — W.  Wells  <ft  Co., 
Merstham,  Surrey. 


FLOWER  POTS.— 10  8in.,  15  6in.,  15  sin., 

15  iins.,  15  3ins.,  complete,  packed  free,  16s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakate  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — TH03.  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brierley 
Hill. 


CRANSTON'S  FAMOUS  ONIONS  :  ready  for 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autumn-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Rousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants. 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Offenham,  Wheeler's  Imperial,  Red 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application. — King's 
Acre  Nitrseries,  Ltd.,  Hereford  (late  Cranston's). 


RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY     PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  etc.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  invited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  etc. — GiliLUM  (Garden  Dept.),  Weilesley  Court 
Road,  Croydon. 


ALPINES    FOR     PRESENT     PLANTING,— 

Anemone  Pulsatilla,  Aster  sub-caeruleua,  Corydalis  cheilanthi-. 
folia,  Erythrsea  Massoni,  Hypericum  coris,  Mazus  rugosus,. 
Phlox  reptans,  Primula  buUeyana,  P.  Julice,  Sax.  aizoon  pectinata. 
S.  Bathoniensis,  S.  Elizabeths.  Any  6,  4s.  9d. ;  12,  8s.  9d., 
Carriage  paid.  Catalogue  free. — BoWELL  and  Skareatt^ 
Nurseries,  Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S   "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "  Sheets  "  for  greenhouse  fumigation ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
MoDoUQALL  BROS.,  LTD.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


mON      FENCING,      GATES,      RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Railing,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preservation  of  D^onwork, 
to.     Catalogue  free. — Hill  &  Smith.  Ltd.,  Brierley  Hill. 


CHRYSANTHEMUM.  —  **  Cromer,"      grand 

yellow ;  earliest  grown ;  blooms  outside  June  to  December. 
Extraordinarily  prolific  and  beautiful.  3/-  per  doz.,  post  free. — 
Buxton,  Suflield  Park  Lodge,  Cromer. 


SEEDLING    BEDDING     STOCKS,     Sutton's 

Finest.     8   separate  colours.    Is.  dozen. — Write  MRS.  HOaRE. 
Badger  Heath,  near  Wolverhampton. 


CHOICE  ALPINES  and  other   Hardy   Plants 

for    present    planting.      Good  collections    at    redaced   prices,  ...  .     . 

Catalogue  on  application. — Miss  DcCamb,  Monntaius,  Witbam,    £3  10s.  per  100,  cash  carriage  paid 

Essex.  1  Guernsey. 


PLANT  NOW,  PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS, 

trong  plants,   10/6  per  ilnz.  ;    h.'st  named  var..  20/-  per  26, 

Vander  Slcys,  F.RvH.S., 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


I  April   q,    192 1. 


No.  SO 


No.  80. — This  18  an  Ideal  Frame  for 
Allotment  Holders  and  Smailholders. 
Size,  4  ft.  9  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.  Sides  9  in. 
high.  Painted  two  coats  and  glazed  with 
15  oz.  glass.  Frames  also  supplied  in 
other  styles  and  sizes. 

Price  :     £3  :  O  :  O 

No.  H.  75. — The  fronts  are  11  in.  high, 
backs  22  in.  high.  The  frame  is  1  in. 
thick  and  the  lights  1|  in.,  glazed  with 
1  5  oz.  glass,  and  painted  two  coats. 

1 -Light  Frame.  4  ft.  by  6  ft.  £5  lAs.  Od 
2-Lighl  Frame.  8  ft.  by  6  ft.   £8     8s.   Od 

3-Light  Frame.  1 2  ft.  by  6  ft.  £  1 1     4s.  6d. 


B.  &  P.  GARDEN 
FRAMES  ARE 
KNOWN  FOR 
LONG  SERVICE. 

B.  &  P.  Horticultural  Frames 
are  the  most  wonderful  value 
offered  to  the  Small  Gardener 
or  Allotment  Holder  to-day. 
They  are  made  of  the  highest 
grade  materials  throughout 
every  detail  of  their  produc- 
tion in  our  Norw^ich  Shops  ; 
and  are  built  to  withstand 
the  weather  vagaries  year 
in  and  year  out. 

These  frames  are  thoroughly 
practical  in  design,  and  are 
offered  at  the  lowest  possible 
prices,  consistent  with  a  high 
standard  of  workmanship,  and 
our  world-wide  reputation  for 
quality. 

Write  to  us  fully  ;  we  can  meet  all 
your  requirements  ;  and  we  will 
send  you  our  free  list  of  Garden 
Frames     and    Small    Greenhouses. 

CARRIAGE   PAID  TO  ANY  STATION 
IN    ENGLAND    AND    WALES. 


^  Enquiries  invited  for  Greenhouses,  Consen'a- 
tories,  Vinery  Ranges,  Peadi  Houses,  Carnation 
Houses,  Heating  Systems,  Garden  Frames,  etc. 
of  all  descriptions,  zvifh   requisite   accessories. 


oulton  8rau 


1^ 


TELEGRAMS! 


LONDON    OFFICE. 


BOULTON,  NORWICH    :  Cfllcf  OfflcC  G?  WorlcS  ^    ^'5-7,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  ST. 


TELEPHONE: 
NORWICH 


NORWI  CH 


BOUTIQUE,    CENTML    LONDON 
Telephone  I    CENTRAL    4642 


Perpetual  Flowering  Carnations. 

YOUNG&CO., 

HATHERLEY, 

CHELTENHAM. 

Carnation  Specialists.  Gold  Medallists.  Estab.  1890. 


V.  LEMOINE  &  SON, 

Nurserymen, 
NANCY,     FRANCE. 

NEW  &  RARE  PLANTS  a  SPECIALITY. 

Catalogue  No    194.  printed  in  English,  free  on  application. 


CHOICE   BORDER   VARIETIES. 
PLANT     NOW. 


ca5 


NAlD 


ons. 


special  Offer  of 

12  Plants,  2  of  a  sort 

_  for   12/6  carriage  paid,    c.w.o. 

STUART  LOW  &  CO.,   Bush  Hill  Park,  Middlesex. 


SCOTCH  GROWN  TREES 

It  is  not  yet   too  late  to   plant  new  hedges. 

We  have  a  good  stock  of 
THORNS,     BEECH,     O.L.  PRIVET, 

HORNBEAM,    etc. 

Sizes  and  Prices  on  application. 
WE     SPECIALISE     IN 

GRASS      SEED      MIXTURES 

for  Lawns,  etc.      Estimates  on  application. 

SAMSONS    LTD., 

Nurserymen  &  Seedsmen,  KILMARNOCK. 

Established  1759. 


OUR  1921-1922  CATALOGUE  NOW  READY.     POST  FREE. 

(TJiis  ctiition  cunccls  all  prei'inns  tsstws.) 

We  are  listing  about  80  of  the  very  best 
varieties  in  cultivation,  and  have  large  stock 
in  THREE  sizes  of  clean,  well-grown  plants 
"  in  pots  "  ready  for  prompt  delivery  at  20  -, 
30/-  and  50  -  per  doz.  Package  and  Carriage 
paid  anywhere  United  Kingdom. 

As  the  result  of  our  previous  advertisement  tve  have  had 
quite   a    brisk   demand    for    both    Catalogues    and   Plants. 

Terms-CASH     WITH     ORDER. 

If   you   leave   selection   to   us  we   send   you    good  named 
sorts  similar  to  the  following: — 

SNOWSTORM— White-  Scented. 
BRITISH  TRIUMPH— Crimson-Vigorous. 
AVIATOR— Scarlet— Good  Grower. 
SUNSTAR— Yellow     Good  Bloomer. 
ENCHANTRESS  SUPREME— Pale  Pink— Scented. 
NUNBURNHOLME— Rose  Pink— Good  Grower. 
PEERLESS— Cerise  Pink— Good  Grower. 
COLLEEN— Salmon  Pink-Good  Habit. 
MARY  ALLWOOD— Cherry  Pink— Free  Grower. 
CIRCE — Heliotrope  -Free  Grower. 
MIKADO- Heliotrope— Good  Grower. 
BENORA — Variegated— Good  Grower. 

\  C'lIU'ctinii  like  the  above  icoithl  fiivc  every  fyjeasttre  for 
Greenhouse  or  lieddiun  Out — Especially  in  Size  3- 

1920  we  had  an  early  run  on  Catalogues  and  Plants.  We 
have  considerably  increased  the  quantity,  but  customers, 
to  avoid  disappointment,  would  be  well  advised  to  make 
early  application  for  Catalogues  and  place  their  orders 
as  soon  as  possible. 

CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 


Choice  Saxifrages,  over  70 
varieties.  Sample  Dozen,  carr. 
Send    for    full    list,   containing   many 

Rare  Plants,  Free. 
FREDK.     G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN 

ASHTEAD,     SURREY. 


species  and 
paid,  10/6. 
New  and 

NURSERY, 


Perpetual  Flowering  Carnations 

PLANTS  IN  6in.  POTS 
IN  BUD  for  immediate 
delivery  from  35/-  per  doz., 
carriage  extra.  YOUNG 
STOCK  — all  varieties  — 
for  April  delivery  from 
3^in.  Pots,  stopped  and 
broken.  We  can  offer 
the  under- mentioned 
collections,  carriage  and 
packing  paid  for 
cash:—  .    j 

CoU.  No.  la.— 12  Distinct  Col  Flower  Varieties,  24/- 

Coll  No.  2a.  — 12         „         „    &  Exbibition  do..  27  6 

Coll.  No.  3a.— 100  Plants  in  twelve  really  good  distinct 

varieties,  ISO  -.     Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  cash 

ALLWOODII— THE  NEW  HARDY  PLANT. 

It  needs  no  culture,  but  grows  and  flowers  perpetually  from 
Spring  to  Winter.  All  twelve  varieties  available,  and  for  the 
convenience  of  our  Clients  we  offer  the  undermentioned 
collections  at  carriage  and  packing  paid  prices  for  cash 
-vith  order  :  — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  Distinct  Varieties  11  - 

Coll.  No.  2b.— 9         ,.  ,.        (including  3  novelties)  23/6 

Coll.  No.  3b.— 12       ,.  „    (including  all6nnvelties)  40/- 

Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  cash. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET.    Sd.    post     free. 

Our  fully  illusifatc'd  tiiid  tiescnptii-c  Catalogue  will  he  gladly  sent 
/tost  free  on  request. 

t  When  yon  think  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


The  leadiag  Carnation  Raisers  aod  Specialists  io  the  World,  Dept.  4. 

HAYWARDS   HEATH,   SUSSEX 


April  9,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


V. 


33rd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Post    Free,  o  *    carriage    paid    passenger    train.  ~^   Packing    free,     no    delay.       24/-    worth    for   20/-.      Lota    can    be 
divided.       Please  add   4d.   extra  for  orders   under   3/-,   to    help    meet    high    rate   of    postage.        Cash    with    order. 
Plant    now    for    success.      Splendid    strong,    hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year. 


HARDY     PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Achillea,  The  Pearl,  double  white,  6,  1/4.  Achillea,  Perry's 
White,  4,  1/6,  Achillea,  New  Cerise  Queen,  4,  1/6.  Agros- 
tamma,  Flos  joirs,  CrimsoQ,  6,  1/4.  Alyssum  compactum 
Gold  Dust,  12,  1/6.  Alpine  Pinks,  various  colours,  12,  1/6. 
Alstromeria,  Peruvian,  Flame  lily,  4,  1/1.  Anchusa 
myosotisiflora,  dwarf  roclcery,  etc.,  masses  deep  gentian 
blue,  3,  1/6.  Aconitum  Rscheri,  rich  blue,  enormous 
blooms,  3,  1/6.  Anemone  japonica,  white  or  pink,  3,  1/6. 
Aquilegia,  long  spurred,  new  art  shades  and  pure  yellow,  6,  1/4. 
Aquiiegia,  double  and  single  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Aubrietia,  masses 
rich  purple,  12,  1/6.  Auricula,  alpine  and  sliow,  6, 1/6.  Aster, 
perennial,  best  named,  3,  1/6.  Aster,  perennial,  good  mixed, 
6,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  strong,  bushy,  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted, new  large  flowering,  lovely  colours,  separate  or  mixed 
6,  1/6.     Large  year  old  plants. 

Brompton  Stocks,  all  colours,  6,  1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  rooted  cuttings,  best  named,  for 
house  or  garden,  summer,  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  any  colour 
or  mixed,  6,  1/6,  Campanulas,  dwarf  carpatica,  masses  of 
bIoom,blueorwhite,4,l/6.  Campanula  per.>icifolia  andgrandis, 
tall,  4, 1/6.  Campanula  Wahlenbergia,  large  Clematis-flowered, 
4,  1/4.  Campanula  macrantha,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Cam- 
panula pyramidalis,  handsome  chimney  bell  flower,  two  year  old 
plants,  blue  or  white,  3,  1/9.  Canterbury  Bells,  lovely  hybrids, 
12, 1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  double  pink,  white  and  blue,  6, 1/4. 
Canterbury  Bells,  cup  and  saucer,  6,  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells, 
lovely  large  pink  or  wliite  singles,  12, 1/6.  Candytuft,  perennial, 
4,  1/4.  Carnation  Grenadin,  scarlet  or  white  or  mixed,  good, 
4,  1/6.  Carnation  ilargaret,  flne  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Carnation, 
good  double  border,  all  colours,  separate,  6,  1/6.  Centaurea 
montana,  large  perennial  Cornflower,  blue  or  white,  6,  1/6. 
Cerastiunn,  snow  in  summer,  12,  1/6.  Cheddar  Pinks,  true, 
6,  1/4.  Christnnas  Roses,  large  roots,  2,  1/9.  Chrysanthe- 
mum maximum,  Mrs.  L.  Bell,  market  favourite,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Chinese  Pinks,  lovely  colours,  12,  1/6.  Cistus,  rock  rose, 
6,  1/4.  Coreopsis  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Cornfiowers,  Kelway's 
double  blue,  12,  1/4.  Cowslips,  red  hybrids,  6,  1/4.  Crucia- 
nella,  pink  rockery,  etc.,  8,  1/4. 

Dactylis,  silver  ribbon  grass,  6, 1/6.  Daisies,  new  Monstrosa, 
enormous  double  red  or  white,  12, 1/4.  Delphinium  formosum 
and  finest  hybrids,  Sj  1/6.  Delphinium,  Tize  Van  Veen, 
enormous  pure  blue,  large  plants,  1/- each.  Dianthus  deltoides, 
creeping,  crimson,  6.  1/4.  Dianthus  Kelway's  lovely  named 
varieties,  separate  colours  or  mixed,  12, 1/6.  Dielytra  spectabills, 
bleeding  heart,  1/-  each. 

Erigeron  (stenactes),  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron,  new 
Quakeress,  flne,  a,  1/6.  Erigeron,  new  large  salmon,  2,  1/6. 
Eupatorium,  white,  6, 1/4.  Evening  Primrose,  dwarf,  4,  1/4. 

Forget-me-nots,  best  large  flowering  dwarf,  dark  or  light 
blue,  15,  1/4.  Foxgloves,  purple,  white,  spotted,  etc.,  12,  1/4. 
French  Marguerites,  all  colours.  6,  1/6. 

Qaillardia  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Qeum  Dtrs.  Bradshaw  (two 
year  old),  2,  1/4.  Qeum  Glory,  double  scarlet,  4,  1/4. 
QIadiolus,  best  named,  large  bulbs,  scariet,  white,  pink,  flame, 
yellow,  salmon,  maroon,  violet,  blue  and  splendid  new  hybrids, 
6,  1/4.  Qypsophila  glabrata,  dwarf  rockery,  6,  1/4. 
Qypsophila  paniculata  (gauze  flower),  6,  1/6.  Qypsophila 
Rokejeka,  pink,  3,  1/6. 

Helenium  Blgelowi,  Hooperii,  autumnal,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Helenium  Riverton  Gem  and  Beauty,  4,  1/6.  Helianthus, 
perennial  Sunflower,  double  or  single,  12,  1/6.  Hemerocallis, 
large  flowering,  yellow  and  orange  red  Lily,  4,  1/6.  Heuchera 
sanguinea,  scarlet,  4, 1/4.  Hollyhock,  Kelway's  doubles,  4, 1/6. 
Hollyhock,  single,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.  Honesty,  crimson  or 
white,  12,  1/6.     Hypericum  St.  John  Wort,  6,  1/6. 

Iceland  Poppy,  Excelsior  strain,  6,1/4  Incarvillea,  large  rich 
carmine.  3,  1/6.  Iris,  large  flowered  Japanese,  4,  1/4.  Iris, 
lar*;e  flaa,  splendid  large  flowering  white,  mauve,  blue,  purple, 
yellow,  4,  1/6;    mixed,  6,  1/6 

Kniphofia,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/6. 

Lavender  bushes,  English,  3,  1/6.  Lilies,  hardy  Tiger,  3, 1/4. 
Lily  of  the  Valley,  large,  6,  1/4.  Linum,  blue  perennial  Flax, 
3.  1/4.  Linaria  dalmatica,  yellow,  6,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardlnalis, 
hybrids,  6,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis.  Queen  Victoria,  4,  1/4. 
London  Pride,  rockery,  6, 1/4.  Lupins  polyphyilus,  wldte,  blue, 
6,  1/4.  Lupin,  pink,  4,  1/4.  Lupin  Tree,  yellow  or  white, 
3,  1/6.  Lupins,  mixed  colours,  12,  1/6.  Lychnis,  scarlet, 
salmon,  crimson,  6,  1/4. 

Michaelmas  Daisies,  good,  large  flowering,  named,  3,  1/6  ; 
mixed,  6,  1/9.     Montbretia,  brilliant  spikes,  12,  1/6. 

Periwinkle,  large  blue,  6,  1/6.  Pansles,  splendid  large 
flowering  Bognot's  Superb,  BLsmarck,  Britannia,  Masterpiece, 
Cassiers,  Odiers,  etc.,  12,  1/4.  Pansies,  bedding  white,  yellow, 
blue,  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden,  12,  1/4.  Papaver  Oriental 
Queen,  Apricot  Queen.  Salmon,  etc..  6,  1/6 ;  scarlet  and 
crimson.  6.  1/4.  Passion  Flower,  hardy  blue  and  white, 
3,  1/6.  Peas,  Everlasting,  red,  pink,  %/hite,  4,  1/4.  Physalis, 
giant  Cape  Gooseberry,  6,  1/4.     Pinks,  favourite  double  white, 


6,  1/4.  Pinks,  Mrs.  Simkin>,  3, 1/6.  Pinks,  coloured,  fragrant, 
12,  1/6.  Pinks,  Japanese, largefringed, 12, 1/6.  Polemonium, 
blue,  6,  1/4.  Phlox,  large  flowering,  best  named,  pink,  salmon, 
scarlet,  wliite,  crimson,  purple,  white  and  cerise,  3,  1/6  ;  mixed, 
4.  1/4.  Polyanthus,  Kelway's  border,  6,  1/4.  Polyanthus, 
Primrose,  rich  colours,  6,  1/6.  Poppy,  Sliirley,  art  shades 
9,  1/4.  Potentilla,  double  crimson,  6,  1/6.  Primula 
denticulate  superba,  large  clumps,  1,  1/-.  Primulas,  lovely 
hardy  varieties  for  rockery  and  damp,  shady  places,  many 
bt^auiful  colours,  assorted,  4,  1/4.  Pentstemon,  scarlet  and 
large  flowering  varieties,  6,  1/6.  Pseonles  large  pink,  crimson, 
white,  yellow,  2. 1/4.     Pyrethrum,  Kelway's  hybrids,  6,  J./6. 

Ribbon  Qrass,  variegated,  6,  1/6.  Rose  of  Sharon,  4,  1/4. 
Rose  Campion,  crimson,  12,  1/6.  Rocket,  sweet,  6^  1/4- 
Rudbeckia  Newmanii,  6,  1/6. 

"  Salvia  pratensls,  spikes  purpla,  4, 1  /4.  Saponaria  ocy moides 
pink  dwarf,  6. 1/4.  Saxifraga  choice  assori«d.  6, 1/6.  Sedums, 
choice  assorted,  6, 1/4.  Scabious,  swet^t,  double,  8, 1/4.  Scabious 
Caucasica,  large  mauve,  3,  1/6.  Shasta  Daisy,  white.  6,  1/4. 
Silene  compacta,  dwarf  pink,  15, 1/6.  Solidago,  Golden  Wings, 
6,  1/6.  Spirea  palmata,  lovely  hardy  scarlet,  rare,  2,  1/4. 
Stachys,  Lamb'swool,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  Williams,  Kelway's 
Pink  Beauty  and  Scarlet  Beauty,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  William 
Diadem,  auricular  eyed  and  good  mixed,  12, 1/6. 

Tussilago  fragrans, '  very  fragrant  hardy  winter  helio- 
trope, 4,  1/4.  Trollius  early  golden  globe  flower,  6,  1/6. 
Thistle  Queen  of  Scots,  from  the  original  at  Fotheringay  Ciistle, 
3, 1/4.  Thalictrum, 'hardy  Maiden  Hair.  4,  1/4.  Thrift,  com- 
pact, pink  flowering,  12,  1/6.   Tritoma.  B^d  ^:t  r^i:*^,  3.  1/4. 

Verbascum,  tau  yellow,  4  1/4.  Verba«cum,  dwarf,  lovely 
colours,  6,  1/6.  Valerian,  red,  6,  1/4.  Veronica,  beautiful 
blue,  6,  1/6.  Viola  cornuta,  gem  for  rockery,  white,  mauve, 
purple,  blue,  12,  1/6.  Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  yellow,  white, 
blue,  purple,  12,  1/6.  Viola  Maggie  Mott.  large  mauve  rooted 
cuttings,  6,    1/4. 

STRONG    LARGE    HARDY    CLIMBERS. 

Clematis  vltalba,  Traveller's  Joy,  1,2,-.  Jasmine,  yellow, 
winter  and  spring,  1,  2/6.  Kerria  japonica,  early  yellow,  1, 
2/6.  Honeysuckle  Japanese,  variegated,  1,  2/-.  Virginia 
Creeper,  1,  2/-.     Pyrus  japonica,  early  crimson,  1,  2/6. 

Eccromocarpus,  clusters,  orange  red  flowers,  3.  1/4. 
Calystegia,  double  pinli,  morning  glory,  3,  1/6.  Passion 
Flower,  hardy  blue  and  white,  2,  1/4.  Tuberous-rooted 
Wistaria  (not  Zinensis)  2,  1/4.  TropoBolum  speciosa.  scarlet 
flame  flower,  3  1/6. 

STRONG  VEGETABLE  AND  HERB  PLANTS.  

Spring  Cabbage,  winter  Onions,  Lettuce,  l-eeKs,  Pickling 
Cabbage,  100,  1/9;  Chives,  perennial  Onion,  20,  1/4. 
Rhubarb,  best  named  varieties,  6,  1/4.  Sea  Kate, 
12,1/9.  Sage,Thyme,  Mint.  Marjoram,  6, 1/4.   Parsley,  best 

curled,  12,  1/4.  Cauliflower,  strong  autumn  sown  and  trans- 
planted in  frames  for  early  use.  20    1/4. 

STRONG    TRANSPLANTED    PLANTS    FOR    COOLj 
I  HOUSE,  etc 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia  Fie 
Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailing,  3,  1/6.  Asparagus 
Fern,  Plumosa,  erect,  2,  1,9.  Begonias,  Salmon  Queen,  Rose 
Queen,  Crimson  magnifica  and  scarlet  Prima  Donna,  4,  1/4. 
Beauty  Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Calceolarias,  her- 
baceous, very  good,  6,  1/6.  Cannas,  Crozy's  ;splendld  hybrids, 
4,  1/6.  Celaia  critlca,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Cineraria, 
large  exhibition  .6,  1/4.  Cobea  scandens,  handsome  rapid 
climber  large  purple  flowers,  3,  1.6.  Cyclamen,  very  choice 
strain,  3^/6.  Eucalyptus,  blue  gum,  6, 1/4.  Fuchsia,  choice 
doubles  assorted,  4, 1/6.  Geraniums,  scented  Oak  leaf,  3,  1/6. 
Heliotrope,  large  fragrant,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis  Queen  Vic- 
toria, scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage,  4,1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis, 
beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Marguerites,  large  white,  6,  1/6. 
Marguerites,  large  yellow,  6,  1/6.  Marguerites,  lovely  blue, 
6,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  red  or  white,  6,  1/4.  Primula 
obconica,  lovely  new  giant  hybrids,  3. 1/4.  Primula  malacoides, 
lovely  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Primula  cortusoides,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  japonica,  rich  crimson,  4,  1/4.  Primula  Kewensis, 
bright  ycUow,  4,  1/4.  Primula  Bulleyana,  orange  red,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  pulverulenta,  crimson  shades,  4,  1/4.  Rehmannja, 
large  pink  trumpet,  3,  1/6.  Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet, 
4,  1/6.  Salvia  coccinea,  brilliant  scarlet.  4,  1/4.  Mother  of 
Thousande,  hanging,  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus  Wisetoulenais,  6, 
1/4.  Smilax,  trailing,  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  large  new 
hybrids,   4,    1/4. 

Qloxinias  beautiful  nimeij  virieties,  large  bulbs,  started, 
3, 1/4. 

Tomato  plants,  strong,  sturdy,  transplanted,  market 
favourites,  Sunrise,  etc.,  6,  1/6. 

SWEET     PEA      PLANTS. 

Be?t  new  large  flowering,  waved,  &c.,  'separate  colours 
20,  1/6;  mixed,  3D,  1/6. 


catalogue:     free:. 


MRS.  PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,  VINE   HOUSE,    WOODSTONE,    PETERBOROUGH. 


BIG   SLUMP   IN   SCOTCH    SEED 

GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN 

We  Guarantee  all  Seed  sold  as   Scotch  to  be  direct  from 
Scotland    this    season.      The    Scottish    Board    of    Agricalture 
Certificate  Number  will  be  given  with  all  Scotch  seed  orders. 
IMMUNES.    SCOTCH. 


1121b. 

661b. 

281b. 

141b. 

71b. 

s.    d. 

s.    d. 

s.  d. 

s.  d. 

s.  d. 

Dargill  Early.. 

20    0 

11     0 

6    0 

3     6 

2     0 

Witch  Hill     . . 

,, 

,, 

„ 

„ 

Arran  IU)se    . . 

,, 

„ 

Edzcll  Blue    .  . 

16  "o 

8     6 

5"0 

3"0 

2     0 

Great  Scot 

,, 

„ 

„ 

Ally 

,, 

„ 

„ 

King  George  . . 

„ 

„ 

Arran  Comrade 

,, 

„ 

„ 

The  Bishop    .. 

„ 

„ 

Majestic 

,, 

„ 

Arran  Victory 

„ 

„ 

Kerr's  Pink    . . 

,, 

„ 

„ 

Ixtchar 

„ 

„ 

Templar 

J, 

„ 

„ 

Golden  Wonder 

„ 

,t 

Langworthy    . . 

„ 

„ 

Abundance 

„ 

„ 

Tinwald  Perfection  . . 

„ 

„ 

"  K.  of  K."  (English)  . 

40     0 

21  "O 

11  "o 

6     0 

3     6 

NONIMMUNES.    SCOTCH. 

Myatt'e  Ashleaf 

25     0 

13     0 

7     0 

4     0 

2     6 

May  Queen    . . 

,, 

„ 

Duke  of  York 

„ 

„ 

Midlothian  Early 

„ 

„ 

Ninetvfold 

16  "O 

8  "6 

5"0 

3     0 

2     0 

Puritan 

„ 

„ 

„ 

Sharpe's  Express 

„ 

„ 

„ 

Sir  John  Llewellyn  . . 

„ 

It 

,* 

Early  Eclipse 

„ 

., 

„ 

Epicures 

„ 

,1 

*) 

British  Queen 

„ 

»t 

Up-to-Dates  . . 

„ 

„ 

„ 

Arran  Chief   .. 

„ 

„ 

)> 

Dalhousie 

„ 

„ 

„ 

Iron  Duke 

„ 

„ 

,, 

King  Edwards 

., 

„ 

„ 

Early  Eose  (English) . . 

16  "O 

8  "6 

5     0 

3     0 

2     0 

Ringleader          Do.  .. 

„ 

„ 

M 

Pink  Hebron     Do.  . . 

„ 

-,, 

t, 

Eating  Potatoes 

8  "O 

„ 

„ 

„ 

,« 

All  Round  Manure 

(our  own  mixing) 

20     0 

11     0 

6     0 

3     6 

2    0 

CAS8IAGE 

PAID   PASSENGEK  BATES. 

Seeds  and  Manure 

can  be  sent  carriage  paid, 

but  sufficient 

sum  must  be  included. 

It  Is  much  cheaper  to  send  any 

weight 

up  to  2Slb.  by  passenger  than  goods. 

1121b. 

561b. 

281b. 

14Ib. 

71  b. 

Up  to    30  miles 

3     3 

2    4 

1     9 

1     4 

1    0 

Up  to    50  miles 

4    3 

2    6 

1  11 

1     6 

1    0 

Up  to  100  miles 

6    3 

3    6 

%     \ 

1     7 

1    0 

Up  to  200  miles 

8     4 

4     6 

2     4 

1    9 

1    0 

Over     200  miles 

10     4 

5  10 

2  11 

1  11 

1    0 

Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  delivery. 

Send  for  our  Illustrated  List  and  Guide. 

We  guarantee  to  load  within  24  hotirs  of  receiving  order. 

TOM  E.  KING,  Ltd., 
Somersham,   St.  Ives,  Hunts. 

Conlractors  to  Bis  Maiesty's  GovernmenC. 


J7am  Ln  nc  nc/ 


/^  McDOUGALL'S 
PERFECT  SAFETY 
5WEED    KILLER 

FREE   FROM  ARSENIC 

Simple  to  use.  Very 
effective.  No  danger  to 
Children,  Animals, 
Poultry,  etc. 


/. 


Pint  tins  1  /9  each.     1  Gall.  Drums  7/-  each. 
Quart  „  3/-     „        5     „  ,,      27/6     „ 

JGall.  „4/9     „      40    „  Casks  £8  10    „ 


INSIST    ON    McDOUQ ALL'S.       REFUSE 
SUBSTITUTES   &  AVOID  DISAPPOINTMENT. 


IF  ANY  DIFFICULTY  IN  OBPAINING  SUPPLIES 
LOCALLY  PLF.ASE  WRITE  US  DIRECT  FOR 
ILLUSTRATED  PRICE  LIST  AND  .MENTION  NAME 
AND  ADDRESS  OF  LOCAL  SEEDSMAN.  NURSERY. 
MAN     OR     IRONMONGER. 

M=DOUGALL  BROSTlTD.,  ^^.'ScSISJeV 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  9,   1921. 


g.iilliillllllllliiiliiiliiiilliiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliilliiiiiiiiliiiii^ 

I  RYDERS  I 

I  Gorgeous  Gladiolus.  | 

H  SPECIAL  OFFER  of  first  size,  flowering  bulbs,  E 

—  1  each  of  the  following  splendid  sorts  for  := 
=■  4/6;    3  for  12/6;    12  for  24/-.  ^ 

=  BRIMSTONE,      pure     liiiht     yi  How ;      LOVELINESS,  E 

zz  beautiful      creamy    white  :    PANAMA,     a     deeper  -- 

^  coloured  America  ;  PEACE,  the  largest  pure  white  z=z 

zz  .'liiovc,    the    lowei-   petals   are   tinge  J    with    lilac:  ^ 

=■  PRINCE    OF    SCARLET,    a   most    gorgeous  flower;  = 

zz  PRINCEPS,    brilliant    scarlet,    very   large   flowers:  ^ 

=  GOLDEN  WEST,  a  wonderful   \ariety,  the  colour  of  = 

—  the  setting  sun:  L'IMMACULtE,  the  most  perfect  — 
=  white;  MRS.  FRftNK  PENDLETON,  delici  us  soft  =. 
n  rose  pink;  ORION,  delicate  light  rose  rink;  PINK  — 
^  BEAUTV,  glorious  deep  pink,  one  of  the  earliest;  ~ 
zz  WAR,  deep  blood  r»'d,  shaded  dark  crimson.  zz: 
=  Send  for  FREE  LIST  of  over  300  varieties.  = 

I  RYDERS  GOLD  MEDAL  BEGONIAS  | 

:^  Are  of  the  very  finest  strains  and  the  tubers  are  ^^ 

n  all  of  the  first  size,  equally  good  for  growing  in  — 

^  pots  or  for  bedding  out.  ~ 

H  DOUBLE  FRINGED,  splendid  mixture  of  all  colours.  = 

=  9d.   each;  G  for  4/-;  12  for  7/6;  25  fori*/-;  SO  = 

=  for26!6;  100  forSO/-.  carr.  paid.  — 

=  SINGLE     FRILLED,    in     separate    colours— White,  E 

E  Yellow,  Pink,  Crimson,  Scarlet  and  Orange.  ^ 

—  8d.  each  ;  6  of  any  one  colour.  3/6  ;  12  for  Gi'B;  25  zz 
=  for  12/6  ;  50  for  25/6  ;  100  for  45/-,  carr.  paid.  = 
=  SINGLE  CRESTED,  splendid  mixture  of  all  colours.  = 
E  8d.  each:  6  for  3/6;  12  for  6/-;  25  lor  11/-;  E 
=  50  for  21/-;  100  for  40/-,  carr.  raid.  = 
=  Hyacinthus  candicans,  large  heavy  bulbs,  6  for  2/6,  = 

J  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  I 

~  SEEDS  of  all  kinds,  iocludiog  many  unobtainable  elsewhere  ;  := 

=  PLANTS,  ROSES.  TREES  and  SHRUBS.  GARDEN  TOOLS  = 

=  and  other  SUNDRIES.     WRITE  FOR  FREE  LISTS.  = 

I  RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS  | 

( Ryder  &  Son  <  1920)  Ltd.)  = 
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllln^ 


CARNATIONS 

A    dressing    of     Canary 
Guano  at  the  rate  of  4  ounces 
to     the    square    yard    is    very 
beneficial  to  Carnations.     During 
dry    weather    the    hoe    should    be 
used    frequently   and  a   dressing  of 
Canary  Guano  given   afterwards  and 
watered  in. 

Cuano 

Obtainable  from  all  Seedsmen  in  Cartons 
1  /-  each.  B:.gs  7  lb.  3/6  ;  14  lb.  6/6  ;  28  lb. 

11/-  ;  56  1b.  19/-:  I  cwt.  35  -.  or  direct 

from  the  makers. 

Write  for  FREE  Booklet  A'o.  ;/. 
containing  full  particulars  of 
Canary   Guano,  with  Garden  Diary, 


tc,  post  free 

CHEMICAL  UNION 

IPSWICH. 


LTD., 


WEBBS'    LAWN 

LOVELY  LAWNS 

MANURE   and 

ARE    ASSURED 

LAWN  SAND. 

BY        USING 

WEBBS' 
"WEED"  and 

WEBBS' 

'  WORM  " 
KILLER. 

PRIZE    MIXTURES    OF 

Prices  and  particulars 
on  application. 

Lawn  Grass 

^ 

Seeds 

FOR     TENNIS.     CROQUET,     and     GARDEN 

Pamphlet      on      **  Making 

LAWNS.    BOWLING    and    PUTTING 

and    Renovating    Lawns" 

GREENS,    etc. 

Post  Free  on  Application. 

3/3     per    lb.  ;       8/-    per    gallon     (about    3J    lbs.) ;       60/-     per 
bushel  of  25  lbs.       Carriage  paid. 

&   SONS,   Ltd., 

WEBB 

The    KiTii 

s's    Seedsmen,    STOURBRIDGE. 

Notes   From   Maidstorie. 
PLANTING  ROCKERIES. 


When  intending  planters 
compare  the  advertised  prices 
of  Rock  Plants  a  considerable 
difference  is  at  once  noticed, 
for  winch  there  is  a  very  good 
reason.  Could  plants  from 
different  sources  be  compared 
as  easily  as  their  prices,  this 
difference  would  at  once  become 
clear — it  is  a  difference  of 
Quality.  One  good  plant  is 
worth  a  dozen  "little  pieces." 
All  our  Rock  Plants  are  true 
to  name  and  established  in 
little  pots. 


The  foUotving  collections  are 
recommettded  and  will  be  sent 
PACKING  FREE  AND 
CARRIAGE  PAID  TO 
NEAREST  STATION  IN 
ENGLAND. 

No.  V. — 12  varieties  for  Uj- 
„  VI. — 21  in  variety  for  26 1- 
„    VII.—JO      „  „        4Sl- 

„  VIII.— 100  „  „      lOOl- 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


t^i^'^'j  Herbaceous  borders  may  be 
iC^'!:,  much  improved  at  a  very  slight 
(c%5-j  ''os^  by  sowing  patches  of  hardy 
Sjj->^  annuals  in  the  bare  places, 
""'"■''  taking  care  to  use  tall  subjects 
for  the  back  and  dwarf  ones 
for  the  front  of  beds.  The 
following  is  a  short  selection  of 
really  useful  hardy  annuals  for 
this  purpose  : — \ 

ALYSSUM  procumbens,  white 
carpet.  3d.  ;  CALLIOPSIS 
bicolor  nana,  3d. ;  Calliopsis 
Drummondii,  2d.;  Calliopsis 
Tom  Thumb  Beauty,  6d. :  Choice 
Mixed,  2d.:  CANDYTUFT, 
Giant  Hyacinth  fid.,  3d.; 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  Morn- 
ing Star  and  Evening  Star,  3d. 
h^^^\  each;  CLARKIA.  Salmon 
'•"S^J  Queen,  Double  3d.  ;  and  Clarkia 
O^'i^.  '  Elegans  Vesuvius.  3d.  ;  GO- 
fX.^l  DETIAS,  in  variety,  3d.; 
'%^^J  LINARIA  Maroccana  c.vcelsior 
O''"^' *  mi.xture,  beautiful  little  flowers 
/^/^|\  shaped  like  Snapdragons,  3d.  ; 
""'— '  NIGELLA,  MISS  JEKYLL. 
3d.  ;  SUNFLOWERS,  in  var., 
2d.      and     3d.;       VISCARIA, 


X:5s 


j,--..,t.-*<j 

•-'■■J."^v 


'gf/       Fire  King,  very  fine,  6d. 


J .  R.  Pearson  &Sons,  Ltd., 
Lowdham, 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


0^%. 


No  a577-VoL  LXXXV]        NOTES   OF  THE  WEEK 


[April  9,  1921, 


THERF  is  still  time,  tliough  only  just  time, 
to  plant  perennials  for  a  display  this 
summer.  The  illustration  on  the  front 
cover  of  this  issue  gives  a  good  idea 
of  the  pleasing  effect  obtained  by 
flower  borders  and  archways.  Here  we  see  well 
proportioned  archways  in  the  wall  of  the  old 
kitchen  garden  at  Harleyford,  Marlow.  The 
archways  are  clothed  with  Clematis  montana, 
Wistaria  chinensis,  Vitis  purpurea  and  Ampelopsis 
hederacea,  the  whole  forming  a  pleasant  canopy 
to  an  opening  through  which  the  flower  borders 
and  grass  walk  are  seen 

The     New     Rose     Margaret     Horton.— As 

announced  in  our  last  issue  (page  i66)  this  new 
Rose  gained  an  award  of  merit  when  shown  by 
Mr.  Elisha  Hicks  at  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society.  It  is  a  seedling  from  that 
good  Rose  Ophelia,  and  makes  a  fine 
full-sized  bloom,  rich  apricot  in  colour, 
the  outer  petals  paling  off  a  little  in 
the  early  part  of  the  season.  The 
habit  of  the  plant  is  admirable,  the 
flower-stems,  which  are  particularly 
stiff,    appear  from  healthy  foliage. 

A  New  Rhododendron  for  the  Rock 
Garden  (R.  intricatum). — Among   the 

many  new  Chinese  Rhododendrons  in- 
troduced to  our  gardens  during  the 
last  twenty  years,  this  is  one  of  the 
most  distinct  and  valuable  additions 
to  the  family.  Averaging  apparently 
from  gins,  to  I2ins.  high,  it  is  a 
charming  little  evergreen  bush  for  the 
rock  garden  and  to  cultivate  in  beds, 
as  we  do  the  Heathers  and  Ling. 
Near  the  Cactus  House  at  Kew,  two 
beds  of  this  Rhododendron,  each  con- 
taining over  100  plants,  have  attracted 
very  considerable  attention  through- 
out the  month  of  March.  Freely 
clothed  with  dainty  lilac  blossoms,  it  is 
a  very  valuable  addition  to  our  early 
spring  flowers.  A  native  of  Szechuen, 
Mr.  E.  H.  Wilson  discovered  this 
species  growing  at  ir.oooft.  to  15,000ft. 
elevation,  sending  home  seeds  to  Messrs. 
Veitch  in  1904.  A  plant  so  easily  pro- 
pagated by  cuttings  and  layering  should 
soon  be  found  in  most  gardens  now  that 
our  war-time  troubles  are  fast  dis- 
appearing. 

A  Free  Flowering  Japanese  Cherry 
(Prunas  SUbhirtella). — Each  succeeding 
year  seems  to  emphasise  more  and 
more  the  value  and  charm  of  this 
Japanese  Cherry.  A  twiggy  tree  of 
moderate  height,  the  pink-tinted  white 
blossoms  are  freely  borne  in  clusters  on 
the    slender    shoots.      The     trees   are 


usually  at  their  best  at  the  end  of  March,  but 
this  spring  the  blossoms,  in  common  with  most 
flowers,  are  a  few  days  earlier.  In  addition  to  the 
value  of  the  tree  in  the  garden,  the  twiggy  flowering 
shoots  are  useful  to  cut  for  vases,  lasting  well  when 
cut  in  a  half-opened  state.  Introduced  to  Kew 
from  the  Arnold  Arboretum  in  1895,  Prunus 
subhirtella  thrives  in  most  soils  and  is  one  of  the 
easiest  trees  to  increase  by  cuttings,  the  half-ripe 
young  shoots  rooting  readily  in  a  close  frame. 

Plants  now  Flowering  at  Kew. — The  Magnolias 
are  the  chief  attraction  in  the  open,  the  star- 
shaped  blooms  of  M.  stellata  and  the  Tulip-like 
flowers  of  M.  Soulangeana  being  now  at  their  best. 
Various  Prunuses  are  flowering,  also  the  Cydonias. 
In  the  Temperate  House  are  several  small  trees 
of  Pyrus  Scheideckeri,  literally  smothered  with 
bloom,  the  rose-coloured  flowers  are  very  effective. 


Lilacs  are  also  in  flower  in  this  house  and  fil 
the  air  with  their  delightful  fragrance.  Other 
interesting  subjects  in  the  Gardens  are  the  Daffodils 
and  Rhododendrons,  while  the  conservatory  is 
fuU  of  interesting  plants  now  in  fuU  flower.  Some 
idea  of  the  beauty  of  the  Daffodils  in  the  wood- 
land may  be  obtained  from  the  illustration  on 
page  173,  while  the  Magnolia  and  Stachyunis 
illustrated  on  other  pages  of  this  issue  are  also  to 
be  seen  at  Kew. 

Androsace  foliosa. — Of  many  Androsaces  this 
Himalayan  species  stood  the  severe  test  of  a 
mild  winter  better  than  any  other.  It  is  a 
strong  and  robust  grower,  forming,  instead  of 
rosettes,  bold  tufts  of  large  leaves  only  slightly 
hairy.  The  flower  stems  rise  from  amid  these  in 
early  May  and  remain  in  bloom  for  many  weeks. 
A  good  flower  head,  with  its  scores  of  pinky-lilac 
blossoms,  will,  when  full-blown,  often 
make  an  almost  spherical  mass  of  colotir 
after  the  manner  of  Primula  denticulata. 

A.  foliosa  is  said  to  be  a  lover  of 
limestone,  but  it  will  prove  a  good 
doer  in  ordinary  light  loam. 

A  Fine  Barberry. — Eerberis  Bea'ii 
appears  to  be  perfectly  hardy  and 
easy.  We  have  it  doing  well  in  ordinary 
woodland  loam,  which  most  of  its  kind 
find  to  their  liking,  and  the  large  homy 
leaves,  often  a  foot  in  length,  glabrous 
and  spiny,  are  very  handsome  at  any 
season.  Last  year  the  terminal  flower 
buds  shot  up  into  their  gracefully  arched 
sprays  of  purple  buds  about  Christmas- 
time. At  that  stage  they  withstood 
exceptionally  hard  weather,  and  later, 
when  a  sharp  frost  turned  the  flowers 
of  Rhododendron  praecox  a  sickly  blue 
and  crumpled  up  those  of  R.  noble- 
anum,  the  beautiful  yellow  cockades  of 

B.  Bealii  were  unharmed.  Not  the  least 
desirable  feature  of  this  Barberry  is 
the  delicious  fragrance  of  the  flowers, 
a  rich  Lily  of  the  Valley  perfume  that 
is  rare  in  such  early  subjects. — A.  T.  J., 
North  Wales. 


SEEDLING    FROM    OPHELIA.        THE    NEW    APRICOT 
COLOURED    ROSE    MARGARET    HORTON. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 

April  II. — United  Horticultural  Benefit 
and  Provident  Society's  Meeting.  Bath 
Gardeners'   Debating  Society's  Meeting. 

April  13.— Birmingham  Daffodil  Show 
(two  days).  Royal  Horticultural  and 
Arboricultural  Society  of  Ireland  Spring 
Show  (two  days).  East  Anglian  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Meeting. 

April  14. — -Huntingdonshire  Spring 
Flower    and    Daffodil   Society's  Show. 


170 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  9,  1921, 


AN    IRISH    GARDEN    IN    SPRING 

All  Readers  will  be  Interested  in,  and  many  will  be  well  Advised  to  Regard  as  an  Object  Lesson,   this   Beautiful 
Garden,  Visited  and  Described  by  Lady  Moore.      It  Contains  Plants  of  Rare   Beauty   and  Interest   which    Thrive 

Without  Special  Attention  in  a  Boisterous  Situation. 


THE  following  notes  were  taken  on 
March  i2  as  I  walked  in  a  County 
Wicklow  garden  three  miles  from  the 
sea.  The  soil  is  a  good  deep  yellow 
loam,  free  from  limestone  : 
Podocarpus  nubigena,  a  tall,  Acacia-like,  dark 
green-leaved  shrub  ;  native  of  South  America  ; 
a  very  graceful  grower.  Beside  it  Abies  religiosa, 
which  has  suffered  in  appearance  through  being 
blown  down  twelve  years  ago.  The  original  head 
was  cut  out,  the  trunk  raised  and  replanted, 
and  it  is  now  25ft.  high.  This  Abies  is 
planted  round  the  temples  in  Mexico.  It  is 
not  quite  hardy  in  the  United  Kingdom,  and  is 
seldom  seen. 

Rhododendron  Delavayi,  one  of  the  many 
good  plants  sent  from  China  by  the  French 
missionary  Delavay,  was  covered  with  bright, 
deep  crimson  flowers,  with  long,  narrow  leaves, 
the  backs  of  which  are  covered  with  soft  grey 
tomentum.  This  plant  is  15ft.  high  and  has  for 
companions  a  very  big  plant  of  the  rare  R.  lacteum, 
the  leaves  of  which  have  a  curious  white  look, 
as  if  they  had  been  painted  over  with  milk.  It 
is  not  in  flower ;  this  plant  has  flowered,  soft 
cream-coloured  trusses.  Big  plants  from  the 
original  importation  are  scarce.  R.  barbatum 
Rashleigh's  Variety  (Himalayan)  has  very  brilliant 
red  flowers  and  curious  bearded  stalks,  the  beards 
remaining  on  the  old  wood  in  Rashleigh's  Variety. 
They  are  yellow  hairs,  not  dark,  as  in  the  ordinary 
R.  barbatum.  This  plant  came  from  Menabilly, 
Cornwall,  thirty  years  ago.  R.  Shepherdii,  which 
flowers  very  early,  suffers  every  year  from  the 
attentions  of  tits,  who,  in  their  eftorts  to  get  at 
the  nectar  in  the  flowers,  tear  the  petals  to  pieces 
with  tlieir  claws,  the  bright  scarlet  of  the  flowers 
being  marred  by  black  scars.  R.  rhombicum ; 
planted  1905  ;  evidently  a  slow  grower ;  from 
Japan  ;  has  pale  mauve  flowers.  R.  Zeylanicum 
is  one  of  a  group  imported  from  Ceylon  by  Mr. 


Arthur  Campbell  of  Arduaine, 
Argyllshire.  It  flowers  regularly 
and  well ;  brilliant  red,  fine 
large  trusses. 

The  Chinese  Snakebark.  Acer 
Davidiana,  with  its  vivid  green 
bark  with  white  lines,  stands 
out  in  relief  from  a  thicket 
where  Andromeda  floribunda, 
8ft.  through  and  covered  with 
white  Lily  of  the  Valley-like 
flowers,  struggles  for  mastery 
with  some  Ledums. 

A  most  remarkable  upright- 
growing  Rhododendron  from 
Bhutan  is  R.  Kendrickii,  like 
a  Lombardy  Poplar  in  shape, 
with  bright  rose-coloured 
flowers.  Beside  it,  the  pink  R. 
arboreum,  covered  with  soft 
pink  flower-heads,  the  under 
leaf  silvery  white.  The  peeling 
bark  of  R.  triflorum  is  very 
attractive ;  it  is  quite  trans- 
parent, rather  like  a  well 
sucked  jujube  !  It  has  yellow 
flowers,  open  in  May.  This  is 
a  good  plant,  12ft.  high.  14ft. 
through.  R.  cinnabarinum, 
which  here  always  looks 
delicate,  is  beside  a  plant  of 
R.  lanatum.  Planted  in  1894, 
it  has  made  very  poor  pro- 
gress ;  evidently  a  slow 
grower.  It  flowers  in  May, 
a  pale  yellow  colour.  R. 
Fordii,  from  Hong  Kong ; 
an  indifferent,  sulky-looking  plant  ;  a  contrast 
to  R.  eximeum,  standing  30ft.  high,  covered 
with  dense  flower-bud  heads,  which  open  a 
creamy    white  ;      the  leaves   are  very  handsome. 


A    RHODODENDRON     (r.    KEYSII)     THAT    IS 
FLOWERS    ARE    RED 


UNLIKE    ALL    OTHER    SPECIES. 
WITH     YELLOW     TIPS. 


A     BEAUTIFUL    SHRUB    THAT    DISLIKES    LIME.      THE   EARLY 
FLOWERING    ANDROMEDA    FLORIBUNDA. 


I2ins.  long,  with  brown  tomentum  on  top~and 
deep  ochre  brown  on  the  back.  The  white 
R.  arboreum  showed  slieets  of  flower-heads  well 
open  ;  the  tips  of  the  buds  a  faint  pink.  A  hybrid 
"  R.  Thomsoni  crossed  R.  barbatum"  has  leaves 
shaped  like  Thomsoni  with  the  back  of  those 
of  R.  barbatum ;  the  flowers  intermediate  in 
colour  with  the  calyx  of  Thomsoni.  This  plant 
was  in  full  bloom.  R.  Maddeni,  the  latest  of  all 
Rhododendrons  to  flower  in  this  garden,  the 
end  of  July  and  beginning  of  .August,  is  not  hardy  ; 
the  flowers  are  white.  R.  arboreum,  true,  with 
a  5ft.  trunlc  circumference,  has  seeded  freely ; 
some  of  the  seedlings  are  loft.  high.  R.  Falconeri, 
one  of  the  giants  of  the  garden,  planted  in  1862, 
is  30ft.  high  ;  the  circumference  of  the  branches 
is  over  60ft.  It  blooms  regularly  and  is  now 
covered  with  heads  of  flower-buds.  R.  Roylei, 
15ft.  high,  with  beautifully  backed  leaves,  pale 
green  in  colour  with  tiny  dark  dots,  has  flowers 
of  a  rich  ruby  colour,  translucent,  like  a  glass 
of  port  held  to  the  light.  R.  Keysii,  already  in 
full  flower,  with  heads  of  small  pendent  tubular 
flowers,  the  bright  red  brick  colour  one  sees  in 
Lachenalias,  with  yellow  tips. 

Ulmus  parvifolia,  also  known  as  U.  chinensis, 
the  evergreen  Elm  from  Northern  China  and 
Japan ;  this  tree  is  30ft,  high  and  retains  its 
leaves  throughout  the  winter  and  spring.  Magnolia 
Campbellii,  planted  originally  against  a  wall  facing 
north,  now  towering  above  it,  25ft.  in  height  and 
30ft.  across,  carrying  nearly  a  thousand  flowers 
of  the  purest  rose  pink,  paler  inside,  as  big  as  a 
breakfast  cup,  the  buds  covered  with  a  brown 
green    sheath,    like    velvet.     The    stems    are    the 


THE    TUBULAR 


April  g,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


171 


"  WITH  ITS  EARS  LAID  BACK  LIKE  AN 
ANGRY  MULE."      (NARCISSUS  CYCLAMINEUS.) 

same  colour  as  tliose  of  an  Ash  tree  ;  the  leaves 
are  not  yet  developed.  It  is  the  most  wonderful 
and  striking  plant  in  this  garden,  or,  I  venture  to 
say,  in  any  other  garden  in  the  United  Kingdom 
to-day.  The  effect  of  such  a  quantity  of  flowers, 
of  a  pure  pinli  without  a  tinge  of  purple,  as  in 
Magnolia  conspicua,  against  the  blue  of  a  March 
sky  is  not  easy  to  describe.  I  went  back  to  look 
at  it  again  and  again ;  it  was  enchanting.  I 
thought   of   all   the   good   gardeners   I    know   and 


THE    LEMON-COLOURED    FLOWERS    OF   EUCA- 
LYPTUS PULVERULENTA  ARE  SWEETLY  SCENTED 


wished  they  could  make  a  pilgrimage  to  see  it. 
This  plant  first  flowered  in  1906  and  has  had 
some  flowers  every  year  since.  In  1913  it  was  in 
good  bloom,  but  never  has  it  put  forth  such  a 
splendour  of  bloom  as  this  year ;  fortunately 
there  has  been  no  frost  to  spoil  it.  At  the  foot  of 
this  noble  plant  grows  a  tine  plant  of  the  rare, 
difiicult,  low-growing  Epiga^a  repens  (Mayflower), 
showing  its  delicate  tubular  flowers,  white  at  the 
tip  with  a  pink  throat.  In  Canada  on  May  i 
it  is  the  custom  for  young  girls  to  go  into  the 
woods  to  search  for  the  blossoms,  the  fortunate 
finders  being  assured  of  getting  good  husbands 
before  next  May  Day. 

Narcissus  cyclamineus,  with  its  ears  laid  back 
like  an  angry  mule,  and  N. 
nanus  seed  freely  in  the 
grass.  Abies  Pindrow  (Him- 
alayas), 50ft.  high,  has  the 
longest  needles  of  any  Abies. 
This  tree  is  one  of  the 
finest,  if  not  the  finest  speci- 
men, in  Ireland.  A  large 
tree  of  Cupressus  lusitanica, 
carrying  last  year's  fruits 
and  clouds  of  the  male  flowers, 
stands  well  out  over  a  walk 
that  has  had  to  be  altered 
twice  to  suit  the  spreading 
habit  of  its  branches.  Near 
tlie  Cupressus  is  a  well 
developed  plant  of  the  true 
Rhododendron  Loderi  which 
in  1919  carried  forty  odd 
heads  of  flower.  Pieris 
formosa,  20ft.  high,  15ft. 
across,  still  holding  brown 
clusters  of  old  fruits,  was 
coming  into  flower,  the  long, 
graceful  sprays  resembling 
Lily  of  the  Valley  flowers. 
Eucalyptus  pulverulenta, 
40ft.  high,  its  blue  grey 
branches  covered  with  lemon- 
coloured  flowers  set  in  dense 
heads  in  the  axils  of  the 
leaves ;  they  have  a  very 
sweet  scent.  When  the 
buds  open  the  calyx  comes 
off  like  the  lid  of  a  saucepan, 
showing  the  most  beautiful 
arrangement  of  incurved  stamens ;  the  effect 
is  that  of  a  well  raised  lemon  souffle,  if  such 
a  simile  may  be  used.  Camellias,  red  and 
white,  were  in  flower.  C.  reticulata  not  yet 
open.  Restio  subverticillatus  (Willdenowia  teres), 
8ft.  high,  waving  soft  plume-like  branches, 
defies  an  Irish  winter  and  gives  an  exotic  look  to 
the  shrubbery  of  Leucothoe  axillaris,  Gaultheria 
Shallon  and  G.  acutifolia  which  form  its  back- 
ground. 

Xanthorrhiza  apiifolia  (the  Yellow  Root),  a  hard, 
straggly  grower,  2jft.  in  height,  with  sprays  of 
tiny  Mulberry-coloured  flowers,  very  like  Pleuro- 
thallis  astrophora  in  shape  and  habit.  During 
the  Great  War  enquiries  were  made  about  growing 
this  plant  for  medicinal  purposes,  but  as  Sir 
Frederick  Moore,  to  whom  the  enquiries  were 
addressed,  has  known  the  plant  in  this  garden 
for  forty-two  years  and  has  seen  little  change  in 
its  bulk  in  that  time,  small  encouragement  could 
be  given  to  the  would-be  growers.  A  fine  young 
plant  of  Pinus  oocarpa,  planted  1907,  now 
25ft.  high,  a  native  of  Mexico,  is  quite 
hardy  here ;  it  resembles  P.  patula  closely. 
Athrotaxis  selaginoides  (Chili)  is  not  com- 
mon. Here  is  one  of  the  largest,  if  not  the 
finest,  in  Great  Britain.  It  flowers  and  fruits 
freely,  and  seedlings  have  been  raised  from 
this  plant. 


Fine  specimens  of  the  following  flourish 
here  :  Abies  Webbiana  ;  A.  Brunoniana  ;  Pinus 
Montezumaa ;  Laurelia  serrata,  formerly 
called  L.  aromatica,  until  this  plant  flowered 
and  proved  its  identity ;  Fitzroya  patagonica, 
the  star  cone  Cypress ;  and  Fagus  Moorei, 
from  Australia,  an  evergreen  Beech,  which  has 
lived  for  twenty-five  years  against  a  wall 
facing  north  and  is  quite  hardy.  This  is  a 
very  rare  plant. 

We  live  in  distressful  times  in  Ireland  ;  never- 
theless, I  think  your  readers  will  agree  we  have 
some  compensations  when  we  can  find  plants 
such  as  I  have  noted  thriving  and  happy  without 
receiving    any    special    attention    or    protection 


ONE  OF  A  THOUSAND   BLOOMS.         MAGNOLIA  CAMPBELLII, 
COLOUR    PURE    ROSE     PINK. 


in  the  middle  of  boisterous  March  "  in  Ireland- 
now   .    .    ."  W.   Phylis  Moore 

Royal   Botanic  Gardens,    Glasnevin. 


A  Blue-Flowered  Little  Creeping 
Plant 

PAROCHETUS    COMMUNIS. 

A  PATCH  of  this  little  creeping  Clover-like  plant, 
with  its  Pea-shaped  blossoms  growing  in  ordinary 
border  soil  has  never  done  so  well  as  during  last 
summer,  thus  testifying  to  its  love  of  moisture. 
Tlie  first  of  the  intense  blue  flowers,  rivalling  those 
of  Gentiana  verna  in  colour,  appeared  in  spring 
and  they  continued  until  early  December,  the  best 
show  being  in  November.  Though  it  comes  from 
Nepaul.  P.  communis  is  hardy  enough  to  endure 
at  least  15°  of  frost  in  light  soil,  or  sandy  peat 
and  leaf-soil.  It  is  a  good  bog  plant,  but  it  is 
doubtful  whether  it  would  stand  very  severe 
winters  in  such  conditions.  But  it  is  a  rapid 
grower,  and  if  a  few  pots  of  cuttings  are  made 
up  in  summer  and  wintered  in  a  cold  frame  one 
may  always  be  sure  of  a  supply  of  roots.  The 
pretty  and  neat  manner  in  which  this  plant  folds 
and  closes  its  trifoliate  leaves  on  a  cold  evening 
is  worthy  of  close  observation. 

North  Wales.  J. 


172 


THE     GARDEN. 


DAFFODILS-AND    YOUR   DIARY 

Make  Notes  frovi  Time  to  Time  of  the  Varieties   that  Please 
You,  and  Record  for   Future    Reference    the  Best  Methods  of 

Grouping. 


THERE  are  Daffodils  in  endless  variety 
in  flower  at  the  present  time.  The  bold 
Sir  Watkin,  the  fragile  looking  and 
extremely  beautiful  Seagull,  and  tlie 
many  flowered  Grand  Monarque  are 
worthy  of  special  note,  as  they 
flower  regularly  year  after  year, 
even  in  a  stiff,  heavy  clay  soil, 
and  once  again  they  are  flowering 
to  perfection.  On  light  soils,  Henry 
Irving,  Emperor.  Empress,  Golden 
Spur  and  Barrii  conspicuus  are 
among  the  best  for  naturalising  in 
grass.  If  there  is  one  Narcissus 
whicli  gives  greater  pleasure  to  the 
garden  lover  than  any  other,  it  is 
the  old  Campernelle  Jonquil.  It  is 
not  an  exhibitor's  flower,  but  it  is 
a  garden  flower  of  the  first  water, 
flowering  in  wild  profusion  both  in 
heavy  and  light  soils.  It  is  one 
of  the  sweetest  of  all  the  Narcissus 
family  in  fragrance,  and  once  estab- 
lished in  a  thin  woodland,  its  bright 
golden  yellow  flowers  form  one  of 
the  glories  of  an  English  garden  in 
spring. 

Unlike  most  other  Narcissi,  the 
Campernelle  Jonquil  has  Rush-like 
foliage,  and  this,  mingled  with  the 
flowers  of  the  Jonquil,  yields  a 
delightful  effect.  It  is  a  native  of 
France,  and  like  many  another 
wilding,  it  is  far  more  beautiful 
in  the  garden  and  woodland  than 
many  of  the  modem  expensive 
varieties.  In  gardens  where  it  is 
not  grown  it  is  one  of  those  flowers 
to  be  noted  for  liberal  planting  in 
the  woodland  and  wilder  parts  of 
the  garden  next  August  or  Septem- 
ber, for  its  flowers  are  of  good 
colour  and  borne  with  great  free- 
dom. It  is  at  this  season  when 
Daffodils  are  at  their  best  that 
selections  should  be  entered  in  the 
garden  diary  and  observations  made 
on  the  best  methods  of  grouping  the 
varieties    to   produce   natural    effects. 

Bold  groups  and  drifts  with  no  attempt  at 
regular  outline  should  be  aimed  for  in  the  woodland 
expanse  and  grassy  slopes.  Generally  spealcing, 
the  varieties  should  be  more  or  less  kept  to  them- 
selves in  drifts.  In  no  case  should  the  Poet's 
Narcissi  be  mixed  with  the  large  yellow  trumpets 
or  small-cupped  varieties.  It  will  be  obser\-ed 
that  it  is  in  fairly  open  woodland,  where 
overhead  shade  is  not  too  dense  and  the  soil 
is  not  impoverished  by  the  roots  of  trees, 
that  Daffodils  flourish  and  increase  most  satis- 
factorily. 

It  is  common  knowledge  that  Daffodils  possess 
poisonous  properties  both  in  bulbs,  foliage  and 
flowers.  A  case  of  poisoning  by  Daffodil  bulbs 
was  reported  recently.  It  was  stated  that  as  a 
result  of  accidentally  using  Daffodil  bulbs  instead 
of  Onions  in  making  soups  and  stews,  the  partakers 
had  suffered  great  agony.  There  seems  little 
excuse  for  anyone  to  mistake  a  Daffodil  bulb  for 
an  Onion,  but  how  often  have  poisonous  plants 
been  mistaken  for  edible  ones  with  even  fatal 
results,   as,   for  example,   in  the  case  of  the  root 


of  Monkshood,  which  has  many. times  been  taken 
for  that  of  Horseradish  ? 

The  poisonous  properties  of  Daffodil  bulbs  are 
not  a  recent  disco\-ery.  having  been  traced  to  the 
alkaloid   pseudo-narcissine,   which  was  discovered 


[April  9,  1921. 

Of  Dafl'odils  for  the  rock  garden,  Angel's  Tears 
and  the  Hoop- Petticoat  Daffodils  are  the  two  great 
favourites.  It  is  never  seen  to  greater 
advantage  than  when  growing  among  choice 
alpines  as  it  does  in  its  native  haunts  in  the 
PjTTenees.  It  is  a  diminutive  species  botanically 
known  as  Narcissus  Bulbocodium.  The  bright 
yellow  flowers,  which  are  very  showy  in  the  April 
sun.  bear  some  resemblance  to  the  old  time 
Hoop-Petticoat.  The  bulbs  should  be  allowed  to 
establisli  themselves  in  a  light  soil  and  growing 
position,  as  they  do  not  all  bloom  the  first 
year  after  planting.  H.   C. 


The  Right  Judgment   in 
Planting   Daffodils 


W: 


THE 


CAMPERNELLE    JONQUIL    SHOULD    BE    NOTED   EOR   LIBERAL 
PLANTING    UNDER    DECIDUOUS    SHRUBS. 


in  1877.  Apart  from  the  poisonous  properties 
of  the  bulbs,  some  people  suffer  from  a  skin  irrita- 
tion which  is  set  up  by  handling  the  stems  and 
leaves  of  Daffodils.  A  form  of  eczema  is  set  up 
which  is  much  akin  to  that  of  Primula  poisoning, 
for  which  the  well  known  Primula  obconica  is  so 
frequently  responsible.  In  the  case  of  the  Daffodils, 
the  juice  exuded  by  the  freshly  cut  foliage  and 
flower  stems  gets  into  one's  hands— it  is  especially 
noticeable  on  the  backs  of  the  hands — and  in  an 
hour  or  two  afterwards  small  whitish  pimples 
arise,  resembling  those  of  Nettle  stings.  As  a 
rule  a  chemist  has  no  difficulty  in  preparing  an 
ointment  that  will  allay  this  form  of  irritation. 
The  common  Daffodil  (Narcissus  Pseudo-Narcissus), 
which,  by  the  way,  is  a  native  of  Great  Britain, 
has  been  responsible  for  most  cases  of  poisoning, 
which  is  not  surprising,  since  it  is  a  common 
pasture  plant  in  some  places ;  doubtless 
the  Poet's  Daffodils,  Jonquils,  Tazettas, 
Trumpets  or  any  others  would  be  as  great 
offenders  as  the  wild  English  Daffodil  if  they 
were   as   common. 


HERE   it   is  proposed 
to    plant    Daffodils  in 
large     way,     it     is 
best     to    do    it    with 
some    definite     inten- 
tion,   rather    than    to    sprinkle    them 
about    in   haphazard    fashion.     Much 
damage    as    to   good   effect    has  been 
done  in  many  places  by  quantities  of 
bulbs  being  bought   at  sales  and  sent 
to  the  country  place  for  the  gardener 
to  plant,  without  any  special  instruc- 
tions.    It  is  not  the  gardener's  fault 
if    the    result    is   unworthy   or    even 
absurd,    as    in    a    known    case  where 
some    thousands    of     Daffodils    were 
planted   round  Oak  trees  in  concentric 
rings,  in  an  important   region    where 
garden     ground     joined    on    to    park 
land. 

What  has  been  found  to  be  the 
most  effective  way  is  to  plant  in 
a  series  of  long  shaped  drifts,  with 
a  rather  thicker  nucleus.  To  set  out 
the  ground  for  planting  a  stick  can 
be  put  at  the  end  of  each  drift,  or 
what  is  a  still  better  guide,  a 
garden  line  or  thin  rope  laid  down 
to  define  the  edge.  It  is  not  meant 
that  the  bulbs  should  be  in  any 
sort  of  line  against  the  rope,  but 
only  that  the  line  of  rope  should 
confine  the  edge  of  the  growth. 
The  actual  planting  may  be  in  groups 
of  three  or  four  bulbs  anywhere 
within,  with  occasional  single  bulbs, 
as  suggested  by  the  drifts  in  the 
illustration    on  the  page  opposite. 

The  general  run  of  the  groups  may  best  he 
arranged  so  that  the  more  obvious  points  of  view 
are  at  a  more  or  less  right  angle  to  the  general  axis 
of  the  whole  group.  It  is  surprising  how  good  the 
effect  of  such  planting  is,  especially  in  the  late 
afternoon  when  the  yellowing  sunlight,  striking 
on  the  successive  lines  of  bloom,  intensifies  the 
colour  of  the  Daffodils  and  makes  the  whole  into 
a  most  satisfactory  picture  of  plant  beauty. 

Each  large  planting  should  be  of  one  kind  at  a 
time,  whether  of  yellow  trumpets  or  of  some  good 
kind  of  IncomparabUis  or  hybrid.  Where  the  soil 
is  chalky,  it  wUl  be  well  to  make  extensive  plantings 
of  the  white  Poeticus.  It  is  a  native  of  limestone 
alpine  pastures  and  is  never  very  happy  in  a  light 
soil.  G.   J. 


Spring    Treatment  of  Perennial  Lotelias. — 

These  border  subjects,  having  been  wintered  in  a 
cold  frame,  may  now  be  divided  and  potted 
or  boxed  up,  to  estabUsh  them  before  planting 
out.     On   warm   soils   planting   may   be   done   at 


April  9,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


173 


once.  Cardinalis  and  splendens  are  two  reliable 
doers,  but  the  list  offers  a  wide  selection  for  indivi- 
dual tastes.  Sy-phlitica  makes  a  good  show  in 
September  with  tones  of  violet  and  purple.  Lobatus 
prefers  a  light  soil,  well  enriched  with  manure. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


DAFFODILS     IN 
WOODLAND 

While  we  shall  always  grow  the  newer  Daffodils 
in  the  garden  beds  and  borders,  when  available 
in  quantity  and  suitable  positions  present  them- 
selves they  are  much  more  beautiful  planted 
as  depicted  in  the  illustration.  These  have  been 
growing  now  for  fifteen  years  undisturbed,  and 
are  still  increasing  in  quantity.  In  growth  of 
foliage  and  flowers  they  equal  that  made  when 
the  bulbs  were  planted  in  beds.  The  varieties 
include  Emperor,  Empress,  Horsfieldii,  Victoria, 
Sir  Watkin,  Barrii  conspicuus,  Frank  Miles,  Mrs. 
Langtry  and  Poeticus  ornatus. 

It  is  not  easy  to  plant,  or  perhaps  it  would  be 
more  correct  to  say  that  considerable  skill  and 
judgment  are  necessary  to  plant  Daffodils,  and  for 
that  matter  all  bulbs,  so  that  when  in  iJower  they 
have  a  natural  rather  than  a  formal  appearance. 
One  suggestion  is  to  carry  a  basket  of  bulbs  i.i 
one  hand  and  with  the  other  throw  the  bulbs 
about  on  the  grass,  planting  where  they  fall, 
sometimes  singly,  in  pairs  and  threes,  or  in  large 
and  small  groups.  Daffodil  planting  such  as  that 
depicted  in  the  illustration  is  best  done  with  a 
spade.  August  to  October  is  the  best  season  for 
planting. 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Planting  Evergreens. — .\pril  is  a  good  month 
for  the  planting  of  such  shrubs  as  Holly  and  Yew. 
See  that  the  positions  they  are  to  occupy  are 
prepared  beforehand,  so  that  uo  delay  is  experienced 
at  planting  time.  Choose,  if  possible,  a  dull  or  even 
slightly  showery  day  for  the  planting  to  be  done, 
and  thus  reduce  to  a  minimum  the  risk  of  the  roots 
suffering  from  dryness.  Should  a  dry  spell  follow 
planting,  syringing  must  be  daily  practised  to 
enable  the  plants  to  recuperate  more  quickly,  and 
on  light  soils  a  mulching  at  once  applied.  The 
plants  should  have  one  good  watering  in  to  settle 
the  soil  properly  round  the  roots. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Carrots. — The  main  crop  may  now  be  sown  in 
drills  a  foot  or  i5ins.  apart.  The  stump-rooted 
varieties  are  to  be  preferred  for  heavy  or  strong 
soils,  while  the  long  tapering  roots  come  better  on 
light  soUs. 

Potato  planting  may  now  be  pushed  on  with  as 
rapidly  as  opportunity  offers.  On  heavy  land  a 
good  dressing  of  leaf  soil  in  each  row  before  planting 
will  be  amply  repaid. 

Seakale. — Root  cuttings  of  this  indispensable 
winter  vegetable  should  be  planted  now  to  make 
good  crowns  for  forcing  next  winter.  Plant  in 
well  prepared  ground  in  rows  i8ins.  to  2oins.  apart 
and  about  i5ins.  between  the  roots. 

Peas  and  Broad  Beans. — Another  good  sowing 
must  be  made  of  these  where  the  demand  is  large. 
Choose  a  good  stiff  piece  of  land  if  possible  for  the 
latter.  Peas  must  at  all  times  be  grown  in  ground 
thoroughly  well  prepared  if  satisfactory  results  are 
to  be  expected. 

French  Beans.— On  a  warm  south  border  the 
first  small  sowing  may  be  risked.  Sow  in  double 
rows  about  6ins.  apart,  with  2ft.  between  the  rows. 
The  dwarf  Bean  prefers  a  light  soil,  to  which  has 
been  added  a  liberal  supply  of  manure  some  time 
previously. 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Strawberries. — The  hoe  should  be  frequently 
used  during  the  spring  months  on  the  Strawberry 
quarter.  This  not  only  keeps  the  ground  free  from 
weeds,  but  allows  the  sun  and  air  to  sweeten  and 
warm  the  soil,  which  improves  root  action.  A 
dressing  of  soot  to  the  soil  and  lightly  hoed  in,  will 
be  beneficial,  and  act  also  as  a  slug  deferent.  As  a 
change  to  the  soot  application,  a  sprinlding  of  some 
good  fertilizer  before  hoeing  wUl  help  to  improve 
both  quality  and  quantity  of  crop. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Nerines. — As  growth  approaches  completion, 
gradually  reduce  supplies  of  water  and  withhold 
entirely  when  foliage  has  died  down.  This  is  a 
subject  which  flowers  more  satisfactorily  if  left 
undisturbed  for  some  seasons,  so  unless  increase 
of  stock  is  requii'ed.  frequent  potting  should  be 
avoided.  To  complete  the  ripening  of  the  bulbs, 
place  the  pots  on  a  shelf  in  a  greenhouse  in  a  sunny 
position. 

Ixoras. — -Those  that  may  need  repotting  should 
have  the  old  balls  of  soil  carefully  reduced  before 
placing  them  in  theu-  fresh  pots.  Use  a  compost 
of  fibrous  loam,  peat  and  sand  and  pot  moderately 
firm.  Cuttings  may  be  inserted  now  to  furnish  a 
later  batch  and  provide  useful  decorative  stuff. 
Heat  and  moisture  are  necessary  for  the  successful 
cultivation  of  theyc  plants. 

Euphorbia  jacquiniseflora.— Insert  cuttings  of 
this  excellent  winter  subject  as  available,  using 
a  light  sandy  medium  and  plunging  the  pots  in 
a  propagating  frame  until  cuttings  are  rooted. 

Gloriosa  superba. — Carefully  pot  roots  of  these 
with  a  weU  enriched  compost  and  place  pots  in 
stove  or  other  warm  and  moist  structure,  where 
spraying  may  be  done  to  encourage  a  good  growth. 

Fruits  Under  Glass. 

Peaches  and   Nectarines.— Routine  Work.— 

Attend  to  disbuddmg  and  tying  of  the  shoots  as 
necessary,     giving    first    consideration     to     those 


DAFFODIL    DRIFTS    AT    KEW.       NOW     IS    THE    TIME    TO    SEE    THEM    THERE    IN    FULL     GLORY. 


174 


THE     GARDEN, 


[April  9,  1921 


growths   which    are    to   be   retained    for    another 
season.     It    is   better    to   remove   surplus    shoots 
gradually  and  avoid  a  checl\.     Maintain  a  sweet, 
growing  atmosphere,   and  make  the  most  use  of 
sun  heat  where  the  crop  is  being  hurried  along. 
When  stoning  period  is  safely  over  in  the  early  house, 
final  thinning  should  be  done  at  once,  so  that  the 
whole  of  the  tree's  energy  may  be  centred  upon 
those  fruits  which  are  to  be  grown  to  completion. 
H.  Turner 
(Gardener  to  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albury   Park   Gardens,    Guildjord. 


\FOK     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Potato  Planting. — Complete  the  planting  of 
early  varieties  and  continue  with  second  earlies 
and  late  sorts,  as  the  sooner  the  Potato  planting 
is  completed  the  better.  Choose  good,  reliable 
sorts.  Anyone  in  doubt  regarding  varieties  would 
do  well  to  pay  attention  to  L.  M.  Marshall's 
interesting  article  on  "  Potatoes  that  Maintain 
their  Reputation"  which  appeared  in  The 
Garden,  issue  of  March  12.  He  mentions  Ally 
as  a  possible  rival  to  King  George  V.  I  might 
mention  that  with  us  the  Ally  was  the  most 
productive  sort  last  season  and  proved  excellent 
in  quality ;  the  only  fault  was  a  tendency  to 
throw  tubers  of  a  larger  size  than  is  wanted  in 
most  kitchens. 

Asparagus  Beds. — -Clean  off  any  rough  dressing, 
and  lightly  fork  in  a  dusting  of  artificial  manure. 
Dig  the  alleys,  and  square  off  the  beds  neatly. 

Parsley. — Sow  a  good  breadth  in  the  open 
in  shallow  drills  about  a  foot  apart.  Choose  a 
good  strain,  and  have  satisfactory  results  from 
this  indispensable  herb.  Thin  the  crop  early, 
as  Parsley  is  generally  grown  more  thickly  than 
is  wise. 

Salads. — Lettuce,  Radishes  and  Mustard  and 
Cress  may  now  all  be  sown   freely  in  the  open. 

Peas. — JIake  successional  sowings  of  Marrow- 
fats, using  second  early  varieties.  Duke  of 
Albany,  Sutton's  Matchless  Marrowfat,  and 
Telephone  are  excellent  sorts. 

LeeKS. — Make  a  good  sowing  of  these  in  the 
open  border  for  the  main  crop.  We  find  the 
Scotch  grown  JIusselburgh  Leek  one  of  the  most 
reliable. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Llliums.— Pots  of  these  if  plunged  in  leaf- 
mould  or  ashes  should  be  examined  regularly, 
and  if  showing  growth  should  be  removed  to  a 
cold  frame,  afterwards  introducing  them  into 
gentle  heat  as  may  be  required.  If  the  pots 
were  left  with  a  view  to  top-dressing  this  should 
be  done  when  the  growth  is  about  gins.  long. 
Use  good  fibrous  loam  with  a  sprinkling  of  well 
rotted  manure  from  an  old  Mushroom-bed. 

Deutzias. — Where  these  have  been  subjected 
to  early  forcing  they  will  now  be  over,  so  should 
be  cut  back  and  then  encouraged  to  break  freely. 
They  may  afterwards  be  transferred  to  a  cool 
frame,  guarding  from  frost  until  the  wood  ripens 

Chrysaninemums.— The  bulk  ot  the  winter- 
flowering  sorts  will  now  have  been  potted  into 
5in.  pots  and  probably  moved  to  the  cold  frame. 
Guard  against  attacks  of  aphis  by  giving  a  spray 
of  weak  insecticide  occasionallv.  Keep  mats 
ready  in  case  of  sharp  frosts  at  night,  and  admit 
air  freely  during  fine  days. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Late  Vineries. — Late  \'mes  wiU  be  well  on 
the  move  now,  so  all  superfluous  shoots  should  be 
rubbed  off  without  delay.  Exercise  extra  care 
in  ventilating,  as  sudden  bursts  of  sunshine  may 
scorch  the  tender  growths  of  some  varieties  at 
this  period. 

Peaches. — Thin  out  the  fruits  of  early  crops 
when  they  are  about  the  size  of  Nuts.  Pots  of 
Peaches  or  Nectarines  that  may  have  been  lately 
transferred  to  the  orchard-house  will  be  blossoming 
freely  and  should  still  be  assisted  by  hand  ferti- 
lisation. The  want  of  bees  is  much  felt  in  our 
district,  our  busy  little  friends  being  completely 
wiped  out  in  this  area  by.  the  Isle  of  Wight 
scourge. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Lawns. — Give  lawns  a  sweep  and  roll  well,  in 
preparation  for  the  lawn-mower.  Edges  may  be 
pared  to  advantage  now,  as  this  makes  the  work 
of  clippmg  a  more  simple  matter  for  the  rest  of 
the  season.     Bare  patches  should  be  re-turfed  or 


sown   down ;     a   little   sifted   soU    scattered   over 
will  assist  germination. 

Forsythia  Fortune!. — Prune  this  delightful 
subject  immediately  the  plants  go  out  of  flower. 
Being  grown  mostly  on  walls,  it  requires  thinning 
out  occasionally,  being  careful  to  leave  sufficient 
growths  for  next  season's  flowering.  Do  not 
tie  in  tightly,  as  the  pendulous  shoots  ought  to 
have  a  certain  amount  of  freedom. 

The  Rose  Garden.— Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses 
and  all  other  hardy  sorts  should  now  be  pruned, 
leaving  the  more  tender  varieties  of  Teas  and 
Hybrid  Teas  to  the  last.  Give  a  good  dressing 
of  well  rotted  manure  or,  if  this  be  scarce,  a  dusting 


of  good   artificial  manure,    pointing  it  lightly"  in 
between  the  plants. 
Dogwood  and   Golden  Willows. — To  get  the 

finest  effects  from  these  during  winter  they  must 
now  be  cut  over,  so  that  fine  freshly  grown  wood 
may  be  produced.     If  neglected  the  colouring  is 
dull  and  uninteresting.     The  finest  of  the  Cornus, 
to  my  mind,  is   C.  sibirica   elegantissima    variety 
This   sort   has   beautiful   silver   variegated   foliage 
during  summer,    while  during  winter   and  spring 
it  equals  any  other  for  brightly  coloured  bark. 
James  McGran 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart,), 
Coodham,   Kilnuirnock. 


HOW    TO     OVERCOME    THE    RAW    LOOK 
OF    A    NEW    WALL 


By    the    editor. 


A    LTHOUGH       many       suggestions       have 

^«  '  -  been    made    In    recent    issues    of    The 

/   %      Garden,    this  subject   is  by   no  means 

^^^^^    exhausted.      No  one,   for  instance,   has 

*  ^  suggested   a   means   of   hiding   a   rough 

cast    wall,    and    those   who    are    faced    with    this 

problem  may  take  a  lesson  from  the  illustration 


A   JAPANESE   QUINCE   ON   A   SQUARE  TRELLIS   THAT   SUCCESSFULLY 
TOOK  AWAY   THE   RAWNESS   OF   A   NEW   ROUGH   CAST   WALL. 


on  this  page.  Here  we  see  a  Japanese  Quince 
(Cydonia  Maulei)  trained  against  the  wall  of  a 
cottage  which  is  covered  with  a  cement  rough 
cast  that  does  not  allow  nailing  on.  A  square 
trellis  (not  diamonds)  was  made  of  some  spare 
pieces  of  split  Oak  paling  that  not  only  answers 


well,  but  also  is  of  good"appearance.  Just  lately 
we  have  tried  with  excellent  results  a  new 
invention  for  training  wall  shrubs,  fruit  trees 
and  ramblers.  It  is  known  as  Everyman's  Wall 
Clip  and  consists  of  a  nail  of  special  hard  steel 
with  a  clip  of  soft  oval  wire  that  is  easily  closed 
or  opened.  We  recommend  this  for  permanent 
work  ;  the  clip  can  be 
opened  and  used  again 
and  Again,  which  is  most 
useful  in  the  case  of 
ramblers  that  require  cut- 
ting away  at  the  end 
of  the  season. 

Crataegus   Pyracantha, 

usually  known  as 
P>Tacantha  or  the  Fiery 
Thorn,  is  more  j  often 
grown  against  a  wall  than 
as  a  bush.  When  the 
bricks  harmonise  with  the 
deep  green  foliage  and 
glorious  bunches  of 
scarlet  berries  all  is  well, 
but  this  is  not  always  the 
case.  The  white  flower 
clusters  are  pretty  in 
spring.  It  is  a  shrubby 
climber  of  great  value. 

For  ~  the  South  of 
England  and  sheltered 
corners,  because  of  some- 
what tender  growth,  in- 
clude the  Abelias,  Adlumia 
cirrhosa,  Akebia  quinata, 
Aloysia  cltriodora  ^  (the 
Sweet  Verbena  or  Lemon 
Plant),  Bignonia  or 
Tecoma  radicans,  Ceano- 
thus  azureus,  Gloire  de 
Versailles,  and  other 
varieties,  the  flowers  of 
charming  blue  shades, 
Choisya  ternata  (the  Mexi- 
can  Orange  -  flower), 
hardier  than  many  sup- 
pose, and  should  be  more 
grown  as  a  bush,  Eccre- 
mocarpus  scaber,  I  ndi- 
gofera  floribunda, 
Maurandia  Barclayana 
and  varieties  and  Solanum 
jasminoides  and  Scrispum.  Passion  Flowers  may 
be  included  also,  as  in  cold  countries  and  climates 
they  are  far  from  happy. 

Eccremocarpus  scaber.— .A  beautiful  perennial 
evergreen  creeper,  but  unfortunately  it  is  tender, 
having  come  to  us  from  Chili.     In  warm,  sheltered 


April  9,  1921.J 


THE     GARDEN. 


175 


positions,  however,  it  is  a  success,  and  bears 
a  wealth  of  bright  orange  and  scarlet  flowers. 
A  dainty  creeper  for  Southern  Counties  or  warm 
spots  in  more  northerly  gardens.  Sow  the  seed 
in  gentle  heat  in  March,  and  when  the  seedlings 
are  strong  enough  plant  them  out,  about  the  end 
of  May  being  a  good  time.     Cover  over  the  roots 


can  give  the  necessary  soil  and  position  should  be 
without.  L.  Caprifolium  and  L.  Xylosteum  are 
native  kinds.  Honeysuckles  are  rather  slow 
in  growth,  and  the  flowers  are  not  produced  in 
profusion  until  the  plants  have  become  quite 
established.  One  need  do  no  more  than  thin 
out    old     decayed     shoots.     The    winter-flowering 


EVEN   WHEN   NO    LONGER  NEW   A   WALL   MAY   BENEFIT   FROM   PROPERLY   CONTROLLED 


with  coal  ashes  during  the  winter,  then  if  frost 
cuts  down  the  stems  new  growth  will  be  made  when 
warmer  weather  comes  again. 

Garrya  elliptica  is  a  Cahfomian  shrub  usually 
planted  against  a  wall,  because  it  is  seldom  happy 
as  a  bush  in  the  open  garden,  unless  in  the  extreme 
South  of  England.  It  is  evergreen,  very  dense 
and  handsome,  and  in  winter  the  beautiful  Hazel- 
like catkins  appear,  which  are  produced  in  clusters, 
and  vary  from  3  inches  to  i  foot  in  length. 
Throughout  the  %vinter  these  remain  to  add  interest 
to  the  garden,  and  when  cut  for  the  house  they 
vary  the  indoor  decorations.  The  male  parent 
is   the  most  valuable. 

Honeysuckles. — Beautiful  in  growth  and  flower 
are  the  fragrant  Honeysuckles  or  Loniceras, 
which  perfume  the  wayside  hedge  with  their 
precious  blossom.  They  are  among  the  most 
cherished  of  climbing  plants,  and  must  be  used 
freely  in  the  garden,  against  walls,  trellises,  fences, 
arbours,  or  to  garland  banks.  Good  Idnds  are  the 
Dutch  and  late  Dutch  Honeysuckles,  forms  of 
the  Woodbine  or  common  Honeysuckle  (L. 
PericljTnenum),  the  late  variety  blooming  far  into 
the  autumn,  hence  its  name.  L.  japonica  or 
Halliana,  L.  flexuosa,  and  L.  sempervirens  and 
the  variety  minor  are  all  charming.  L.  semper- 
virens is  very  distinct,  having  quite  scarlet  flowers 
and  neat  green  leaves.  It  is  one  of  the  brightest 
of  climbers,  but  must  have  a  special  place.  A 
warm  soil  and  position  are  essential.  It  is  not 
happy  elsewhere,  but  when  it  becomes  established 
few  climbers  remain  so  long  in  beauty.  1 1  is  neither 
rampant  nor  tall,  but  a  Honeysuckle  no  one  who 


L.  fragrantissima  and  L.  Standishii  are  very  sweet 
in  winter. 

Wistaria. — The  common  Wistaria  is  W.  sinensis, 
the  lavender  flower  racemes  hanging  in  profusion 
from  the  still  leafless  branches,  A  wall  covered 
with  Wistaria  is  a  fair  sight,  as  no  climber  is  of  more 
tender  and  beautiful  colour.  There  are  other  kinds, 
one  with  white  flowers  named  alba,  but  there  is 
none  better  and  freer  than  the  t^-pe.  W.  frutescens 
and  W.  multijuga  are  hardy  kinds  of  considerable 
merit,  the  last  named  being  particularly  fine. 
It  may  be  used  to  adorn  arbours,  summer-houses, 
pergolas,  trellises,  walls,  and  the  like,  giving  it  a 
warm  soil  and  sunny  position. 


Perennials    for     Gold 
Districts 

(Continued  from  page  153) 
Paeonias. — -The  Fajony  is  an  excellent  flower 
for  the  north,  and  even  the  splendid  forms  of  the 
Chinese  and  Japanese  herbaceous  Pa;ony  do 
well.  The  tree  varieties  require  some  shelter  in 
spring. 

Poppies. — The  glorious  perennial  Poppies  are 
magnificent  and  are  quite  hardy.  Papaver  orien- 
tale.  in  all  its  varieties  of  colour,  is  a  noble  thing 
for   any  northern  garden. 

Pentstemons. — Few  of  the  perennial  Pent- 
stemons  are  to  be  altogether  relied  upon  without 
frequent  renewal  by  cuttings  or  seeds  ;  yet  they 
look  very  fine  in  the  north,  especially  the  hybrid 


Pentstemons    now    so    popular.     Newberry    Gem 
is  one  of  the  hardiest  Pentstemons  to  grov.'. 

Phloxes. — These  flourish  bravely  and  thrive 
to  perfection  in  the  north,  especially  the  hybrids. 
P.  Laphami  needs  occasional  propagation,  and  there 
are  some  cold  gardens  in  which  the  forms  of  P. 
subulata,  useful  for  edgings  or  rock  gardens, 
cannot  stand  the  winters. 

Polemonium.— The  varieties 
of  P.  cffiruleum,  Jacob's  Ladder, 
thrive,  and  P.  Kichardsonii  makes 
a  nice  addition  to  these  in  any 
border. 

PotentiUas. — There  is  scarcely 
a  PotentUla  in  the  market  which 
will  not  grow  and  flower  satis- 
factorily in  the  north.  P.  nitida, 
or  formosa,  is,  however,  an  ex- 
ception in  colder  districts  and 
will  not  always  live  there.  The 
hybrids  are  very  fine  indeed. 

Primulas. — The  field  among  the 
Primulas  is  so  wide  that  it  is  im- 
possible to  name  all  which  will 
grow  and  bloom  in  the  north.  Of 
the  exotics  it  may  be  said  that 
the  popular  P,  japonica,  P. 
denticulata,  P.  pulverulenta  and  a 
goodly  number  of  others  may  be 
cultivated  successfully.  P.  rosea 
may  be  singled  out  as  doing  well 
even  very  far  north. 

Pyrethrums.  —  The  hybrid 
Pyrethrums  are  indispensable  in 
all  gardens  and  are  most  valuable 
for  cutting. 

Saxifrages  and  Sedums.— These 
popular  plants  give  us  a  number 
of  good  border  flowers,  and 
practically  every  one  ofl^ered  in 
catalogues  will  flourish  in  most 
places  in  the  north.  The  Megasea 
Saxifrages  may  be  named  as  effec- 
tive in  foliage  and  flower,  and 
PLANTS.  Sedum  spectabile  is  a  good  border 

Stonecrop  hardy  with  us. 
Scabiosa. — The  charming  S.  caucasica  is  hardy 
further  north  than  Edinburgh  and  is  universally 
appreciated 

Sidalceas. — S.  malvseflora  (rose),  S.  Listeri 
(rose)   and  S.   Candida  (white)   are  all  hardy. 

SolidagO. — -Coarse  though  they  are,  these 
Golden  Rods  are  appreciated  by  some  and  are 
absolutely  hardy  in  northern  gardens. 

Spiraeas  and  Astilbes. — These  may  be  classed 
together  as  affording  a  wonderful  variety  of 
effective   flowers    for    the    north, 

Statices. — The  hardiest  and  best  of  the  Statices 
is  S,  latifolia,  whose  handsome  foliage  and  light 
blue  inflorescence  are  so  fine  in  every  way, 

Thalictrums.— These  Meadow  Rues,  as  repre- 
sented by  T,  aquilegifolium,  T.  glaucum  and  T. 
majus,  may  all  be  cultivated  successfully. 

Trilliums. — American  Wood  Lilies  thrive  in 
cool,  moist  places  and  look  lovely  when  naturalised 
in  some  northern  woods.  T,  grandillorum  and 
T,  sessile  californicum  are  the  best  for  our  gardens. 
Trollius.— Practically  all  the  Globe  Flowers 
catalogued  under  various  names  will  succeed  in 
the  North  of  England  and  Scotland. 

Veronicas. — -Many  good  plants  are  to  be  found 
among  the  hardy  \'eronicas  for  the  north.  V. 
virginica,  V.  spicata,  V.  gentianoides  and  V. 
incisa  may  all  be  mentioned  as  doing  admirably. 
Other  things,  such  as  the  Tradescantias,  the 
Prunellas,  Podophyllum  Emodi  and  P.  pcltatum, 
I.inaria  macedonica,  Chelone  glabra.  \'crbascum 
phceniceum  and  quite  a  host  more,  might  be  men- 
tioned to  show  stiU  further  how  many  plants  are 
suited  for  the  gardens  of  the  north.     S.  Arnott. 


176 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  9,   1921. 


Should  Chefs  or  Growers  Judge  Garden 
Produce  at  Shows? 

Is  a  Revision  Necessary  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Code  of  Rules? 


THE  letter  signed  by  the  President  and 
Secretary  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  appeared  to  be  a  recording  of 
an  official  act,  hence  my  article,  yet  later 
it  seems  to  have  been  conveyed  to  the 
Fruit  and  Vegetable  Committee  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  that  no  definite  steps  had 
been  taken.  It  really  is  a  puzzle  to  me 
now,  for  why  should  the  Society  break  away 
from  the  splendid  Code  of  Rules  for  Judging, 
which  was  revised  for  the  fifth  time  in  1914, 
and  must  have  entailed  considerable  time, 
attention  and  trouble — a  Code  which  I  feel  sure 
that  every  judge  worthy  of  the  name  is  quite 
content  to  abide  by,  owing  to  its  clearness, 
practicability  and  carefully  reasoned  rulings.  It 
is  Instructive  to  consider  this  Code  at  the  present 
time,  and  a  few  only  of  the  guides  set  out,  anent 
the  question  of  size,  are  worth  quoting.  For 
the  purpose  of  judging  by  points  Asparagus  is 
allotted  8  points,  and  of  these  3  are  given  for 
size  ;  Broad  and  Long  Pod  Beans  are  granted 
2  points  out  of  6  for  size  ;  Runner  and  Dwarf 
Kidney  Beans  2  out  of  7  for  length  and  form  ; 
Cardooas  2  out  of  6  for  size  ;  Cauliflowers,  which 
it  states  should  be  of  medium  size,  are  given 
2  points  out  of  8  for  size  ;  Celery,  Endive  and 
Kale  all  follow  with  good  points  for  size  ;  Leeks 
are  noted  as  being  desirable  for  "  stems  long, 
thick,  even,  etc.,"  and  4  out  of  8  points  are  set 
aside  for  length  and  form  ;  Lettuce  2  out  of  6 — 
size  ;  Onions  (mark  ye,  "  Anne  Amateur  ")  2  out 
of  8  for  size  ;  Parsnips  2  out  of  6  for  size,  while 
length  is  discounted  by  the  phrase  "  Very  great 
length  is  no  fnerit."  Peas,  and  this  is  a  very 
interesting  point  in  view  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  letter,  it  states  :  "  Pods  large, 
well  filled,  of  good  deep  green  colour  and  with 
'  bloom,'  free  from  rust.  Peas  of  fair  size,  fresh, 
and  of  good  colour,  quality,  flavour  and  appear- 
ance "  ;  and  actually  the  points,  which  are  8, 
are  allotted  3  for  condition  and  quality  of  Pea, 
3'for  size  of  pod  and  2  for  fulness  of  pod.  So  the 
story  runs  on,  through  Rhubarb,  Salsify,  Scor- 
zonera,  Seakale,  Tomatoes  and  Vegetable  Marrows, 
to  say  nothing  of  the  others  where  lesser  points 
are  also  awarded  for  size  !  Vegetable  Marrows,  it 
states,  should  be  "  Of  medium  size,  gins,  long  by 
3ins.  in  diameter,  but  in  no  case  exceeding  ift. 
in  length "  (shades  of  those  poor  slaughtered 
innocents  which  have  been  cut  small  enough  to 
boil  whole  !). 

In  conclusion  I  would  say  that  I  have  beei 
literally  snowed  under  with  very  complimentary 
letters,  from  all  parts  of  the  kingdom,  congratu- 
lating me  ou  taking  the  stand,  which  the  Editor 
of  The  G.^rden  so  kindly  afforded  me  the  facilities 
to  do,  on  this  big  subject ;  and  the  letters  are 
not  all  from  gardeners,  for  some  have  come  from 
market  growers  who  have  to  cater  for  the  masses, 
some  from  gardeners  who  have  had  to  suffer  from 
the  peculiar  ideas  of  chefs  on  the  subject  of 
vegetables,  some  from  enthusiastic  exhibitors  of 
vegetables,  and  others  again  from  interested 
amateur  gardeners — -and  none  from  the  hotels 
or  clubs  wliere  the  cminents  do  their  deeds.  Oh  ! 
tliose  hotel  and  restaurant  meals  !  Even  at  the 
very  best  of  them  is  it  really  possible  to  get  a 
good  vegetable  with  one's  dinner?  I  have  been 
to  many  in  my  day  and  I  do  not  recall  a  single 
instance  where  I  have  partaken  of  really  interesting 


cooked  vegetation  ;  but,  there,  it  really  is  no 
the  chef's  work,  is  it  ?  for  I  presume  he  leaves 
their  preparation  to  the  scullion  plus  vegetable 
cook,  while  he  dreams  out  the  famous  dishes, 
the  pieces  de  resistance,  the  other,  or  vegetable 
dish,  being  beneath  his  dignity ;  wherefore,  why 
ask  him  to  judge  the  raw  product  ? 

Congratulations  to  Mr.  W.  Poupart  for  his 
careful,  concise  and  clever  contribution  to  the 
controversy.  There  are  few  men,  if  any,  who 
are  able  to  give  better  considered  opinion  on  the 
subject,  for  Mr.  Poupart  is  not  only  one  of  our 
finest  judges  of  vegetables,  but  he  combines  with 
that  qualification  his  expert  knowledge  of  the 
public's  taste,  as  conveyed  by  the  demands  of 
Covent  Garden,  of  which  great  market  he  was 
one  of  our  best  suppliers  of  vegetables  for 
food,  and  his  sons  are  now  carrying  on  the 
good  work.  E.  Beckett. 


Might  I  suggest  that  the  wliole  of  the  con- 
troversy has  arisen  through  some  faulty  judging 
which  took  place  at  Vincent  Square  last  year, 
as  appeared  to  some  to  be  the  case.  It  surely  is 
a  pity  that  an  expert  like  Mr.  Beckett  should  not 
have  been  considered,  also  the  Vegetable  Com- 
mittee of  which  that  gentleman  is  a  member. 
The  ordy  things  which  I  think  might  be  considered 
to  be  monstrosities  are  Parsnips  and  Carrots. 
By  all  means  let  the  grower  aim  at  a  Parsnip 
with  a  large  top  and  a  short  tap  root,  and 
consider  the  stump-rooted  Carrot  to  the  long 
one,  of  which  half  may  be  wasted,  but  leave  us 
an  Onion  which  is  capable  of  competing  with  tliose 
large  imported  ones  from  Spain  and  a  Turnip 
which  is  larger  than  a  decent-sized  Radish.  I 
wonder  what  our  stores  would  have  paid  had  they 
had  the  chance  to  obtain  Mr.  Beckett's  collection 
at  Vincent  Square  last  year,  or,  for  the  matter  of 
tliat,  any  of  his  exhibits.  It  will  be  a  bad  day 
for  the  gardener  when  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  cannot  judge  exhibits  without  calling 
in  the  aid  of  a  chef,  whose  chief  art  lies  not  so 
much  in  the  cooking  of  the  vegetable  as  in  the 
decoration  of  it  when  placed  on  the  table.  I  am 
sure  the  gentleman  who  eats  the  Turnips  and 
such  like  which  are  grown  in  France  on  hotbeds 
does  not  know  whether  they  are  vegetables  or 
salads,  which  are  nothing  until  dressed,  neither 
having  much  flavour.  Compare  these  diminutive 
roots  to  a  good  white  Snowball  Turnip  as 
large  as  a  cricket  ball  and  find  the  result. 
I  still  hope  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  will 
reconsider  the  decision  and  leave  me  to  taste 
Messrs.  Sutton's  Exhibition  Runner,  18  inches 
long,  and  I  remain,  still  in  support  of  Mr.  E. 
Beckett's  Pea,  Quite  Contest. 


I  QUITE  agree  with  all  that  Mr.  E.  Beckett 
says  on  this  subject,  page  116.  I  do  not 
wish  to  say  one  word  against  chefs,  and  do  not 
suppose  they  asked  to  be  elected  as  judges  of 
vegetables  at  any  of  our  large  shows.  I  cannot 
understand  what  has  really  influenced  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  officials  in  deciding  to 
request  the  services  of  chefs.  I  cannot  believe 
that  any  of  our  excellent  cultivators  of  excellent 
vegetables  influenced  them  in  this  direction.  It 
is  a  decidedly  retrograde  act,  but  let  us  hope  that 
it  will  never  be  carried  out  to  the  letter.  My 
experience  of  chefs  is  that  they  are  quite  satisfied 


with  the  tender  and  well  grown  vegetables  supplied 
to  them  by  competent  gardeners  ;  and  competent 
cultivators  are  the  most  competent  judges.  They 
know,  from  the  first  glance,  whether  the  specimens 
before  them  have  been  grown  without  check  and 
are,  consequently,  sound  and  of  high  general  merit. 
To  grow  vegetables  of  such  quality  requires  much 
skill,  hard  work  and  watchfulness.  The  stringy, 
hard  and  undersized  specimens  are  the  result  of 
lack  of  skill  and  of  neglect — -they  are  wasteful  and 
quite  unprofitable.  It  needs  the  continued  skill 
of  our  best  cultivators  to  keep  vegetables  at  their 
present  high  standard  and  to  improve  them 
where  possible  ;  this  kuid  of  cultivation  should  be 
encouraged  and  not  thwarted.  G.  Garner. 


May  I  begin  by  saying  I  endorse  Mr.  Chapman's 
remarks  in  every  particular  and  not  least  in  his 
tribute  to  Mr.  Beckett  as  a  grower  and  shower 
of  "  •  xhibition "  vegetables  ?  Mr.  Beckett 
certainly  is  not  an  offender  in  the  matter  of  over- 
large  size,  but  he  is  rather  "  the  exception  "  than 
"  the  rule  "  in  this  respect,  so  far  as  I  have  seen. 
Next,  in  reading  Mr.  Poupart's  very  interesting 
point  of  view,  "quality  and  quantity"  does  not 
puzzle  me.  As  a  private  grower,  for  the  needs 
of  my  own  household,  I  have  to  consider,  for 
exzmiple,  that  the  finest  flavoured  Pea  may  not 
yield  so  full  a  crop  as  a  less  excellent  one,  and 
veto  the  former  on  that  account.  I  fully  agree 
with  Mr.  Poupart  that  at  "  big  dinners "  one 
does  not  get  the  choicest  vegetables,  but  at 
"  little  dinners  "  one  does,  or  should,  do  so.  As  a 
"  middle-class"  housewife,  I  agree  with  Mr.  Poupart 
that  "  the  great  bulk  of  vegetables  are  eaten  by 
the  middle  and  lower  classes,  and  that  many 
gardeners'  wives  (and  private  cooks)  "  could  show 
chefs  how  to  cook  them." 

Now — I  enter  on  delicate  ground — I  wisli  to 
point  out,  with  all  politeness,  that  Mr.  Beckett 
represents  an  extremely  small  and  limited  class — ■ 
to  wit,  the  gardeners  of  wealthy  employers — who 
indulge  in  the  sport  of  growing  and  showing 
vegetables  at  the  said  employer's  expense  ;  and 
garden  produce,  as  shown  by  them,  does  not 
come  into  "  practical  politics  "  for  "  the  middle 
and  lower  classes."  Again,  Mr.  Poupart  says, 
and  he  is  an  undisputed  authority  on  this  point, 
"  large  well  grown  vegetables  realise  most  money 
(and  I  cannot  imagine  the  buyers  are  all  fools)." 
Certainly  not ;  but  his  buyers  are,  I  take  it, 
chiefly  retailers,  and  the  general  public  (misled 
partly  by  "  show "  vegetables)  suppose  the 
largest  vegetables  to  be  the  best  and,  anyway, 
that  they  are  "  getting  the  most  for  their  money," 
and  are  not  judges  of  "  table  quality."  To  them, 
a  Cabbage  is  just  a  Cabbage,  "  it  is  nothing 
more."  They  probably  know  nothing  of  varieties 
of  Cabbages  nor  other  vegetables,  nor  of  differences 
in  flavour.  Mr.  Poupart  "  can  only  think  of 
Cauliflowers  as  a  vegetable  preferred  small," 
whereas  I,  a  "  woman  at  home,"  in  garden,  kitchen 
and  dining-room,  for  over  thirty  years  the 
housekeeping  daughter  and  "  family  fag,"  grew 
vegetables,  gathered  them,  cooked  them,  and 
sat  at  the  dining-table  and  saw  them  served 
and  eaten,  so  that  I  gained  an  "  all  round " 
experience  such  as  few  have  had,  and  I  can  say 
that  practically  all  vegetables  are  preferred  small, 
young  and  tender. 

Another  very  important  point  is  that  small 
vegetables  require  less  time  and  fuel  to  cook — a 
matter  invariably  ignored  by  gardeners.  Small- 
sized  vegetables  are  also  more  convenient  for  the 
varying  daily  needs  of  a  private  household,  and 
they  require  smaller  cooking  utensils.  And  here, 
as  a  woman,  I  enter  a  plea  for  consideration,  that 
the  lifting  and  carrying  of  large  and  heavy  sauce- 
pans  imposes  a  severe  strain  on   the  backs   and 


April  9,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


177 


arms  of  young  girls  and  of  women  in  general. 
This  is  a  point  whicli  has  doubtless  never  been 
thought  of  by  gardeners  and  show  judges. 

So,  in  conclusion,  to  sum  up,  I  think  that 
gardeners,  growers,  chefs,  cooks  and  consumers 
should  all  have  their  representatives  among  the 
judges ;  but  in  any  case  the  gardeners  should 
not  have  the  predominating  voice,  for  they  in  the 
past  have  proved  themselves  incompetent  as 
judges.  Hence  the  present  revolt  against  their 
too-long  endured  tyranny.       Anne  Amateur. 


THE    ASPARAGUS    SEASON 


Ti 


The  Right  Treatment  oj  the  Beds  and  How  to  Cut 

the  Grass 


Magnolia  Soulangeana 

Magnolias  have  been  aptly  described  as  aristocrats 
among  spring-flowering  trees  and  shrubs.  Certainly 
in  beauty  of  flower  they  have  few  rivals.  Con- 
spicuous among  them  is  M.  Soulangeana,  probably 
the  most  popular  of  all  Magnolias  and  now  widely 
grown  in  gardens.  It  must  be  a  century  now 
since  JI.  conspicua,  the  Chinese  Yulan,  was  crossed 


I  HE  time  has  again  come  round  when 
our  thoughts  are  directed  towards  the 
Asparagus  beds,  not,  certainly,  because 
of  their  attractive  appearance  now  or 
at  any  time,  excepting  the  time  when 
we  are  anxiously  looking  out  for  those  little  brown 
heads  to  peep  from  under  the  soil  next  month. 
It  is,  I  fear,  a  cupboard,  or  selfish  sort  of  love 
which  even  this,  the  prince  among  vegetables, 
exacts  from  us,  and,  if  the  truth  must  be  con- 
fessed, it  is  more  or  less  the  same  in  the  case  of 
most  vegetables.  At  the  present  time  the  beds 
will  appear  more  or  less  weather  worn  and 
neglected,  and  the  time  has  come  to  attend 
to    their   wants   in    the    way    of    helping    them 


AN    ARISTOCRAT    AMONG    SPRING    FLOWERING    TREES. 


with  pollen  of  another  Chinese  species  M.  obovata 
in  the  garden  of  M.  Soulange-Bodin  at  Fromont, 
near  Paris,  for  the  resultmg  hybrid.  M.  Soulang- 
eana, is  recorded  as  first  flowering  in  1826.  Such 
a  valuable  hybrid  has  not  unnaturally  been  followed 
by  others  the  result  of  the  same  cross,  but  varying 
considerably  in  colour.  Some  of  the  most  distinct 
have  been  given  varietal  names,  and  include 
Alexandrina,  Hammondii,  Norbertii.  speciosa, 
spectabilis  and  superba.  Apparently  the  Japanese 
also  made  the  same  cross,  for  among  the  many 
valuable  introductions  by  the  late  Mr.  John  Gould 
Veitch  from  Japan  in  1861  was  Magnolia  nigra, 
the  outer  petals  of  which  are  a  deep  rich  purple 
colour,  but  obviously  the  same  parentage.  Though 
not  yet  so  popular  as  the  subject  of  this  note, 
M.  Lennei  (M.  conspicua  x  M.  obovata  var. 
purpurea)  has  larger,  bolder  and  darker  rose- 
purple  bloonls  than  typical  M.  Soulangeana.  Also, 
as  it  flowers  two  or  three  weeks  later,  M.  Lennei 
often  escapes  the  frosts  which  too  often  damage 
M.  Soulangeana  in  April. 


to  give  us  of  their  best  during  the  next  few  months. 
The  first  thing  we  have  to  do  is  to  carefully  fork 
over  the  beds,  say,  to  the  depth  of  2ins.,  just  to 
break  up  the  hard  surface  crust  of  the  soil.  In 
doing  this  we  must  be  careful  to  avoid  digging 
even  to  this  depth  where  the  crown  of  the  root 
stock  is — this  position  is  easily  told  by  the  few 
stumpy  old  grass  stalks  remaining.  While  digging 
is  going  on  bear  in  mind  to  pluck  up  all  weeds 
there  may  be  on  the  bed  and  cast  into  the  alley  or 
path  between  the  beds.  The  next  thing  we  have 
to  do  is  to  rake  off  any  cloddy  dried  manure  or 
other  material  left  on  the  surface,  leaving  the  bed 
with  a  clean,  smooth  surface  to  receive  whatever 
manure  dressing  we  may  think  well  to  apply. 
Common  salt  is  the  manure  most  frequently  applied. 
(This  has  been  the  case  ever  since  1  can  remember — 
sixty  years  ago.  The  reason  being,  I  suppose, 
that  the  plant  was  born  on  the  seashore.  At  any 
rate,  it  has  not  forgotten  its  predilection  for  the 
sea,  for  it  is  still  found  wild  on  the  sandbanks 
of  many  of  our  coasts.)     Nitrate  of  soda  is,  I  think. 


preferable.  Apply  both  at  the  rate  of  half  a  pint 
to  the  square  yard  super,  and  see  to  it  that  both 
are  crushed  small  before  being  applied.  A  better 
application  than  either,  I  think,  is  the  following : 
Superphosphate  2 Jib.,  nitrate  of  soda  3  lb., 
Kainit  4lb.  Mix  the  whole  well  together  and  apply 
at  the  end  of  this  month  at  the  rate  of  this  quantity 
to  I  rod  of  beds,  scattering  the  same  evenly  over 
the  surface.  The  salt  and  nitrate  to  be  applied 
at  the  same  time  and  in  the  same  way. 

The  next  step  we  ha\e  to  take  is  to  dig  the  alley 
between  the  beds.  This  must  be  done  with  care, 
as  the  alleys  (if  the  beds  are  well  established)  will 
be  filled  with  the  large  succulent  roots  of  the 
plants.  It  wUl  be  found  sufficient  to  turn  the 
soil  over  a  fair  depth,  and  while  doing  so  to  throw 
enough  of  the  finest  of  such  soil  over  each  bed 
to  cover  the  same  (and  the  manure)  to  a  depth 
of  2ins.  The  beds  will  now  appear  in  decent 
order  and  remain  so  until  grass  appears.  It  is 
important  that  such  work  as  the  above  should  be 
carried  out  in  dry,  fine  weather  if  possible. 

Cutting    the    Asparagus. — To    beginners    and 
amateurs   who    may    know    but   little    about    the 
growth  of  this  plant   this  is   the  part  connected 
with  its  growth   which  worries   them  more   than 
anything  else.       I   was  about  to  try    to  describe 
the  crown  or  centre  of  each  root  stock  from  which 
the  grass  emerges.     Instead  of  doing  this  I   will 
ask  my  readers,  on  a  dry  day,  to  clear  away  the 
soil  with  a  trowel  and  the  hand  from  over  the  crown 
of  one  of  the  plants  and  so  find  out  for  themselves 
its  construction;     it   will   do  it  no  harm.     It  wHi 
be  found  to  be  a  large  cluster  of  plump  buds  closely 
nestled  together  in  a  group.     Each  of  these  buds 
will  in  good  time  develop  and  grow  into  a  live 
Asparagus.     The    reason    that    I    am    careful    to 
explain  this  matter  so  fully  is  because  my  readers 
win   understand  how  easy  it  is   to  destroy  such 
buds  if  the  cutting  of  the  grass  is  not  carried  out 
with    knowledge    and    understanding.     The    grass 
should  never  be  cut  so  low  as  to  expose  the  buds 
to    injury.     A    proper    Asparagus    knife    should 
always  be  used.     Always  cut  upwards  and  never 
thrust    the    knife    downwards.     As    regards    the 
cutting  of  the  .Asparagus,  even  experienced  growers 
differ  as  to  the  best  methods  of  procedure.     At 
the   Royal  kitchen  gardens  at  Frogmore  the  old 
kitchen  garden  foreman,   Mr.   Charles  Mase,   who 
had  had  charge  of  the  growth  of  this  vegetable 
for  upwards  of  fifty  years,  adopted  the  system  of 
cutting  every  blade  of  grass  that  grew,  large  and 
small,   until  there  were  abundance  of  green  Peas 
to  be  had.     This  would  be  about  June  i6th  ;    not 
a  blade  would  he  cut   after   that   unless  ordered 
specially  to  do  so,  believing  firmly,  as  he  did,  that 
cutting  after  this  date  was  inimical  to  the  success 
of  the  plants  the  following  year,  by  reducing  the 
number   and   strength   of   the   grass   which   grew 
afterwards,  so  reducing  the  number  of  buds  in  the 
crowns  for  the  production  of  a  crop  the  following 
year.     Each    grass    that    is    permitted    to    grow 
to  its  full  strength,    to   ripen,    and   to  die,  forms 
a  bud  and  produces  a  head  of  grass  the  following 
year.     This    system    is    easily    understood.        It 
prevents   the   exhaustion   of   the   plants   by   over 
cutting  ;    it  is  economical,  as  every  blade  of  grass 
cut  is  thus  made  use  of ;     even  the  smallest  were 
bunched  for  the  flavouring  of  soups,   &c.     These 
otherwise   would   have   been   worse   than   useless, 
being    mostly    self-sown    seedlings,     they    would 
serve  ordy  to  choke  up  the  growth  of  grass  from 
established  roots.  o.  T. 


178 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  9,  192 1. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


THE    CONTINUOUS    FLOWERING    OF 

THE    CAMPERNELLE    JONQUIL. 

AN  unusual  instance  of  long-continued  flowering 
of  the  Campernelle  Jonquil  has  occurred 
with  me.  A  clump  of  about  fifty  bulbs  began  to 
flower  on  Christmas  Day  last,  and  they  have  kept 
on  continuously  until  the  date  on  which  I  write 
(March  31),  when  they  are  as  gay  as  at  any  time 
since  they  started  blooming,  and  they  are  still 
throwing  up  new  flower-spikes.  I  am  wondering 
if  any  of  your  readers  have  had  an  experience 
similar  to  mine  and  what  the  reason  for  it  is. 
The  bulbs  were  planted  in  very  sandy  soil  with  a 
north-west  aspect  in  September,  1919,  and  they 
have  not  been  disturbed  since.  I  have  not  hitherto 
heard  that  this  Jonquil  was  remarkable  for  long 
flowering.  During  the  last  thirty  years  I  have 
grown  this  bulb  in  large  quantities,  but  never 
have  I  known  it  last  in  flower  longer  than  about  a 
month.  The  warm,  dry  winter  may  be  the 
explanation. — B.,   Weybridge. 

A    CHOICE    VERONICA    FOR    THE 

ROCK    GARDEN. 

AMONG  choice  and  not  too  rampant  Veronicas 
suitable  for  the  rock  garden  Veronica 
Edinensis  is  valuable  on  account  of  .its  pretty 
foliage  and  pleasing  habit.  When  given  a  position 
2ft.  or  3ft.  above  the  level  of  the  path  it  is  seen 
to  advantage,  and  although  it  is  of  slow  growth,  it 
will  in  time  make  a  spreading  bush  from  ift.  to 
i8ins.  in  height.  The  flowers  are  white  and  pro- 
duced during  the  summer  months,  but  it  cannot 
be  recommended  for  its  free  blooming  qualities,  for 
I  have  never  seen  a  plant  with  many  flowers  open 
at  one  time.  I  believe  it  originated  in  the  gardens 
of  the  late  Mr.  Robert  Lindsay  of  Kaimes  Lodge, 
Midlothian,  at  one  time  curator  of  the  Botanic 
Gardens,  Edinburgh.  It  somewhat  resembles 
V.  cupressoides  in  general  habit,  and  it  is  probably 
a  hybrid  between  that  species  and  V.  pimelioides. 
V,  Edinensis  is  quite  hardy  and  will  succeed  in  any 
position  except  continual  shade.  For  the  rock 
garden  it  is  an  ideal  plant,  and  perhaps  two  or 
three  clumps  would  not  be  out  of  place. — B. 

SEVEN    BLOOMS    FROM    A    SINGLE 

BULB. 

T  VENTURE  to  say  that  Narcissus  Cervantes 
is  not  nearly  so  well  known  as  it  deserves 
to  be.  I  beheve  it  was  raised  by  the  late  WUliam 
Naylor  Hartland;  at  any  rate  he  distributed  it. 
and  WTiote  and  talked  about  it  a  good  deal.  He 
sent  some  bulbs  to  my  firm  for  trial  some  ten 
years  ago,  but  we  did  not  then  consider  it  to  be 
superior  to  Princeps.  This  may.  perhaps,  have 
been  a  matter  of  the  selection  of  bulbs,  for  I 
have  known  extra  fine  mother  bulbs  of  Princeps 
to  produce  from  three  to  five  flowers  per  bulb, 
while  poor  bulbs  did  not  average  one  flower  per 
bulb  !  Cervantes  was  highly  recommended  to  me 
by  a  Dutch  grower  last  year,  so  I  gave  it  a  trial. 
Some  two  or  three  boxes  were  put  in  for  gentle 
forcing,  and  the  results  fully  bore  out  the  grower's 
report.  The  number  of  blooms  produced  was 
truly  wonderful,  the  whole  of  the  box  bristled 
with  buds,  and  on  carefully  counting  them  over 
we  came  to  the  conclusion  that  they  averaged 
three  flowers  per  bulb,  as  they  ran  from  two  to 
six,  and  in  one  case  seven  !  When  in  full  bloom 
the  flowers  almost  hid  the  foliage.  The  flower 
of  Cervantes  is  not  at  all  first  class — in  fact,  in 
shape  and  texture  it  is  very  like  Princeps — but 
the   colouring    is    distinct,    for    whereas    Princeps 


is  a  bicolor,  Cervantes  is  only  two  shades  of 
yellow.  StUl,  if  not  a  show  flower  it  is  very 
light  and  graceful  for  house  decoration,  used 
either  as  a  cut  flower  or  grown  in  fibre  ;  it  is 
especially  good  for  fibre  culture,  not  being  too 
tall  and  being  so  very  floriferous.  Those  who 
indulge  in  fibre  culture  may  safely  take  my  tip 
for  Cervantes  for  the  spring  of  1922.  I  send  a 
a  photograph  of  a  single  bulb  of  Cervantes,  in  fibre 


IS     THERE     ANY     D.WFODIL     OTHER    THAN 

CERVANTES  THAT  COULD   CARRY  SO   MANY 

FLOWERS   FROM   A   SINGLE   BULB  ? 

grown  by  an  amateur.  Another  grower  has 
forty-nine  flowers  on  twelve  bulbs. — J.  Duncan- 
Pearson,  Lowdham,  Notts. 

IDENTITY    AND    PROPERTIES    OF 

POISON    IVY. 

T  VENTURE  to  send  you  some  extracts  from 
an  American  textbook  of  pharmacology  bearing 
upon  the  identity  and  properties  of  the  forms  of 
Rhus  Toxicodendron,  a  subject  upon  which 
there  appeared  to  be  some  confusion  in  the 
communication  to  your  issue  of  the  March  5,  and 
upon  which  there  seems  no  further  note  in  any 
number  published  since.  Extract  from  Stillc 
and  Maisch's  "  National  Dispensatory,"  Phila- 
delphia ; 

"  Rhus  Toxicodendron.  Origin :  The  poison 
oak  is  indigenous  to  Canada  and  the  greater 
portion  of  the  United  States  westward  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  It  attains  a  height  of  about 
three  feet  and  has  an  erect  stem,  or,  if  growing 
in  close  proximity  to  trees  or  walls,  it  becomes 
a  climber,  supporting  itself  by  adventitious  roots 
and  ascends  to  the  height  of  thirty  or  forty  feet 
Tills  climbing  shrub,  Rhus  rudicans,  Linn,  is  now 
regarded  merely  as  a  variety  of  the  erect  form, 
but  is  popularly  distinguished  as  poison  ivy. 
Both  forms  when  wounded  emit  a  milky  juice 
which  turns  black  on  exposure  ;  they  have  small 
greenish  pentamerous  flowers  in  axillary  paniculate 
racemes  and  produce  small  dry  drupaceous  fruits 
of  a  whitish  colour.  .  .  .  The  plant  has  been 
introduced  into  Europe  and  has  become  naturalized 
there.  .  .  .  The  leaves  are  on  petioles  four  or 
five  inches  long  and  are  trifoliate  with  the  terminal 
leaflet  prominently  stalked,  ovate  or  oval,  acumin- 


ate with  a  wedge-shaped  base.  The  lateral 
leaflets  are  sessile,  four  or  five  inches  long,  pointed, 
rounded  at  the  base  and  obliquely  ovate  in  shape. 
.  .  .  The  poisonous  toxicodendric  acid  is  volatile, 
has  a  strongly  acid  reaction  and  neutralizes  bases 
completely.  Applied  to  the  skin  either  in  solution 
or  state  of  vapour,  the  acid  produces  vesicular 
eruption.  .  .  .  On  man  it  acts  externally  as  an 
irritant,  some  persons  being  much  more  susceptible 
to  its  influence  than  others.  The  eczematous 
inflammation  of  the  skin  is  characterised  by 
violent  itching,  redness  and  swelling,  followed 
by  heat,  pain,  fever  and  vesication,  which  upon  the 
face  and  genitals  particularly  may  be  attended 
with  extreme  tumefaction  Usually  the  more 
distant  irritation  is  due  to  the  discharge  from  the 
primary  lesion  being  conveyed  elsewhere  by  the 
hands  .  .  .  Various  remedies  have  been  em- 
ployed to  palliate  the  inflammation  caused  by  the 
poison  oali.  One  of  the  best  is  alum-cord,  appro- 
priate to  all  stages  of  the  process.  Before  the 
blisters  have  formed  or  discharged  their  contents 
lead  water  is  useful,  but  perhaps  a  strong  solution 
of  carbonate  of  sodium  is  still  more  so.  Rhus 
vevenata  (Rhus  vemix,  Linn)  grows  in  swampy 
grounds  in  Canada  and  United  States  and  is 
known  as  poison  sumach,  poison  dogwood  and 
poison  elder.  It  is  a  shrub  twelve  to  eighteen 
feet  high,  has  very  glabrous  leaves  with  about 
eleven  oval  or  ovate-oblong  abruptly  pointed 
and  entire  leaflets.  The  fruit  is  yellowish.  All 
the  species  are  poisonous  and  their  properties 
probably  due  to  the  same  principle." 

Phillips'  milk  of  magnesia  is  an  American 
preparation,  but  obtainable  in  this  country. 
It  is  not  superior  in  efficacy  to  lead  lotion  and 
alkalies.  Mr.  E.  M.  Holmes  simply  recommends 
moistening  a  crystal  of  washing  soda  and  rubbing 
it  over  the  infected  part.  Later  researches  throw 
doubt  upon  the  volatility  of  the  active  principle. 
Though  the  scandent  form  of  Rhus  Toxicodendron 
may  bear  a  superficial  resemblance  to  the  Ampe- 
lopsis  genus,  there  is,  of  course,  no  botanical 
affinity  between  them. — J.  E.  Shaw. 

CUT  FLOWERS  AND  THEIR  ARRANGE- 
MENT. 

TN  The  Garden  of  October  6,  1894,  a  very 
interesting  article  appeared,  from  the  pen  of 
Lady  Constance  Lytton,  entitled  "  The  Japanese 
Art  of  Arranging  Cut  Flowers."  The  writer  there 
stated  that  her  object  was  to  spread  the  teaching 
conveyed  in  Mr.  J.  Conder's  book  on  "  The  Flowers 
of  Japan  and  the  Art  of  Floral  Arrangement." 
She  went  or  to  show  how,  with  but  little  modifica- 
tion and  relaxation  from  the  stricter  Japanese 
rules,  this  artistic  science  could  be  adapted  to 
English  flowers  and  homes.  She  pointed  out  that 
three  fundamental  principles  underlay  thi?  Japanese 
art,  "  (i)  Not  alone  the  flowers,  but  the  leaves, 
stems  and  branches  must  be  considered  as  forming 
the  most  important  part  of  the  arrangement.  (2) 
The  branches  must  not  be  allowed  to  lean  against 
the  edge  of  the  vase  or  vessel  containing  them, 
but  must  be  supported  from  some  base  within  it. 
(3)  The  flowers  used  should  be  those  blossoming 
in  their  proper  season  and  the  design  suited  to  its 
particular  position  in  the  room.  Further,  it  would 
be  contrary  to  the  fundamental  laws  of  the  art  to 
try  and  make  a  stifi  upward-growing  plant 
hang  downwards,  or  to  try  and  erect  a  flower 
with  a  limp  stem  or  one  which  naturally 
hangs  downwards."  In  conclusion,  she  writes ; 
"  The  wonderful  beauty  of  proportion  and 
balance,  the  choiceness  of  selection,  the  effect 
of  growth  and  vitality,  of  dignity  and  grace,  with 
which  the  whole  of  this  art  is  penetrated,  are  not  to 
be  expressed  in  any  doctrinal  terms."  "  The 
tender  solicitude  which  it  exacts  for  the  habits  and 


April  9,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


179 


characteristics,    tastes    and    welfare    ol    each    plant 
endows  the  least  thing  utilised  by  this  art  with 
almost  a  personality.     So  strong  is  the  fascination 
of  the  Japanese  principle,  that  once  it  is  adopted  it 
will  probably  assert  its  authority  even  among  a 
bunch  of   Primroses  and  Violets."     More  than   a 
quarter  of  a  century  has  passed  away  since  these 
words   were   first   read    in   The    Garden,    and    I 
believe  that  the  teaching  there  given,  which  Lady 
Lytton  desired  to  popularise,  has  spread  to  a  large 
extent.     Fasteners  are  now  sold  at  Liberty's  and 
other  shops  needful  for  making  an  arrangement  of 
flowering  plants  in  this  Japanese  way.    One  of  the 
best  is  simply  a  ribbon  of  sheet  lead,  which  caa  be 
bent  to  suit  stems  of  any  size  and  hold  them  in  any 
desired  position.     When  arranged   in   a   tall  vase 
the  height  of  the  flowers  is  generally  about  one  and 
a  half  times  that  of  the  vase.    If  arranged  in  a  broad 
shallow    vessel,    the    height    of    the    composition 
should  be  about  one  and  a  half  times  the  breadtli 
of  the  receptacle.     The  weight  of  the  leaden  coils 
will  balance  any  branches  of  flowering 
plants  of  such  lengths.      If  the  fastener 
should  be  visible  above  the  water  line. 
it   may  be  covered  with  moss  or  light 
leafage.      There    is    hardly    a    flower, 
shrub  or  tree  which  is  not  adaptable  to 
this  style  of  arrangement  and  it  econo- 
mises   the     number    of  flowers    used. 
Ihere    are    some    hard- wooded    plants, 
such     as     the    Rhododendron,    Azalea. 
Camellia,  Magnolia  and  Gardenia  which 
are    injured    if    cut    below    the    actual 
flower  stalks,   and  there  are  others  that 
must  be    cut  sparingly   by   those   who 
have    any   "  tender   solicitude    for   the 
welfare  of  their  plants."      In   this  case 
quite   a   small   branch  or  two  to  show 
the  natural  growth  of   the  plant  must 
suffice,  and  I  think,  therefore,  it  would 
be  quite  permissible  to  let  some  short- 
cut   blossoms    float,     as     though    they 
had     fallen     into      the     water.        The 
Wistaria,  the  Rhododendron  and  Azalea 
cast    their    blossoms    entire    and    un- 
broken,    tlie     Cydonia    or    Pyrus,   the 
Almond  and  Plum  and  Cherry  frequently 
do  the  same.       Such    fallen    blossoms 
and   petals  are  not  swept  up  in  many 
a    Japanese    garden    as     they     usually 
are   in  an  English  one,  but  are  allowed 
to   lie    where    they   carry     the   colour 
scheme  down  to  the  ground.       In   an 
arrangement    of    cut    flowers,    such    as 
Roses,  what  could   be   more   beautiful 
than    to    see    the    branches    springing 
from  a  carpet  of  soft  green  moss,  with 
some  fallen  petals  strewn  upon  it  and  even,  perhaps, 
trespassing  beyond  the  confines  of  the  containing 
vessel.     This  is  a  very  different  t^fcg   to  the  hap- 
hazard severing  of  blossoms,  all  and  sundry,  from 
their  supporting  stems.     I  do  not  think  it  possible 
for    anyone    to    read    Lady    Constance    Lytton's 
article    on    this    method     of     arranging     flowers 
without     being     profoundly      and      permanently 
influenced.     After  reading  it  I  believe  that  more 
consideration  will  be  given  to  the  effect  of  the 
plant  as  a  whole,  to  the  natural  poise  of  the  blossom 
on  its  stem  and  surrounded  by  its  proper  leaves  and 
branches,  thus  revealing  a  true  love  for  the  plant, 
and  not  only  for  its  brilliant  flower.    The  article  is 
printed  as  an  Appendix  to  Mrs.  Earle's  "  Pot  Pourri 
from  a  Surrey  Garden." — Hertfordiensis. 

ASSISTING    BACKWARD   POTATOES   TO 

SPROUT. 

NpHREE   years   ago   I   had   a  similar   experience 

with  Potato  Witch  Hill  to  that  mentioned  by 

"  Pangbourne  "  on  page  99.     I  got  the  Potatoes 


in  the  autumn,  put  them  in  a  box  and  placed  them 
where  they  got  all  the  available  light,  in  a  tempera- 
ture averaging  about  55°.  They  made  very  slow 
progress  in  sprouting,  were  planted  on  April  25, 
and  the  haulm  was  mostly  yellow  by  July  9. 
The  crop  was  very  poor,  and  more  than  one-fourth 
of  the  old  tubers  were  glassy  and  as  firm  as  when 
planted.  Since  then  I  found  that  Potatoes  left 
in  the  bags  under  conditions  similar  to  the  above 
soon  commenced  to  sprout,  and  I  conceived  the 
idea  that  it  was  a  question  of  moisture.  Since 
then  I  boxed  quite  a  number  of  varieties  in  the 
usual  way  in  ordinary  boxes,  and  stood  the  latter 
above  one  another  so  that  they  formed  close  lids 
to  each  other.  The  sprouts  were  lin.  long  in 
the  course  of  a  fortnight,  and  I  then  plai^ted 
them  without  waiting  to  green  them.  This 
could  be  done  by  a  few  days'  exposure  to  light, 
but  I  do  not  think  it  necessary.  The  principal 
thing  is  not  to  get  the  sprouts  too  long  before 
planting    the    tubers.     Last    year    I    doubled    my 


Prichard,  of  West  Moors,  being  surprised  to  find 
a  stray  seedling  near  to  an  old  bush  of  Olbia  in  his 
garden,  but  this  did  not  prove  to  be  so  good  as  the 
parent.  I  have  always  propagated  this  Lavatera 
by  cuttings  taken  in  autumn  and  dibbled  in  pandy 
soil  under  a  bell  glass.  After  they  have  taken  root 
in  early  spring  they  are  potted  into  6o's  and  kept 
in  a  frame  until  end  of  April,  when  they  can  be 
planted  in  the  border  where  they  are  to  remain. 
During  the  summer  they  make  rapid  growth, 
forming  bushes  about  3ft.  and  flowering  profusely. 
— F.  J.  Lansdell,  Bournemou'h 

PLANTING    PENTSTEMONS. 

'T'HESE  excellent  plants  give  the  best  results  from 
present  planting,  as  they  then  get  well  estab- 
lished before  the  warm  weather  arrives,  and  this 
greatly  lessens  the  labour  as  regards  watering,  which 
is  somewhat  considerable  on  light  soils.  The  most 
effective  way  of  using  them  is  to  mass  them  in 


NOW 


IS    THE     TIME    TO     PLANT    PENTSTEMONS.       THEY    ARE    MOST     EFFECTIVE    WHEN     MASSED 

IN    BORDERS. 


weight  of  crop  compared  with  what  it  was  two 
years  previous  to  that.  This  applied  to  the 
average  of  seven  varieties. — Hortulanus. 

THE  TRUE  FORM  OF  LAVATERA 

OLBL\. 

TV/riSS  JEKYLL'S  sketch  of  her  August 
garden  (issue  March  2b,  page  149)  in  pink 
and  purple  is  most  interesting  and  worthy  of 
a  trial  where  room  can  be  found  in  the  garden,  and 
I  am  grateful  for  the  suggested  treatment.  It  is 
the  setting  of  grey  foliage  which  appeals  to  me,  for 
in  many  herbaceous  borders  plants  of  this  colouring 
are  often  dotted  here  and  there  without  any  other 
thought  than  adding  just  another  variety  to  the 
collection  of  plants  to  be  grown.  I  note  Miss 
Jekyll  was  disappointed  with  Lavatera  Olbia  last 
year,  and  wonder  if  she  had  a  form  of  arborea. 
Until  this  year  I  was  unaware  of  any  seed  of 
Olbia  being  offered  by  seedsmen,  for  I  have  never 
seen  it  in  fruit,  although  I  have  grown  it  for  the 
last   ten   years.     I   remember  my   friend,    Mr.  R. 


beds,  or  they  may  be  grouped  boldly  on  the 
herbaceous  border  or  in  front  of  shrubberies 
where  they  would  get  their  full  share  of  sun. 
When  thus  used  they  are  formidable  rivals  to  the 
Antirrhinum,  although  they  do  not  possess  such 
a  wide  range  of  colour. 

The  "Gem"  class  are,  I  think,  deservedly 
favourites  for  general  purposes,  for  they  are  not 
only  most  free  flowering,  but  they  possess  a 
distinct  gracefulness,  which  I  think  is  lacking 
in  the  larger  flowered  or  florists'  type.  The  plant 
will  thrive  easUy  in  any  well  cultivated  garden 
soil,  and  on  light  soils  will  repay  a  good  mulching 
of  spent  Mushroom  manure  and  decayed  leaf-soil. 

During  hot  spells  a  few  good  waterings  ought 
to  be  given,  and  three  or  four  times  during 
the  season  previous  to  a  watering  give  a  good 
sprinkling  of  bone  meal.  The  flowering  period 
may  be  considerably  lengthened,  if  desired, 
by  raising  plants  from  seed  early  in  the  year  to 
follow  those  propagated  from  cuttings  the  pre- 
vious autumn. — H.  T.,  Albury  Park  Gardens, 
G'lild/ord. 


180 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  9,  1921. 


KNOW    YOUR    SOIL 

Workifig  out  a  Scheme  for  Soil 
Improvement 

IT  is  an  interesting  fact  that  even  at  the 
present  time  a  large  percentage  of  gardeners 
fail  to  appreciate  the  advantage  of  a  know- 
ledge of  soils  and  soil  conditions.  Given 
the  general  classification,  sandy  soils,  sandy 
loams,  good  loams,  and  heavy  clays,  they  are 
satisfied  ;  they  do  not  realise,  many  of  them,  that  a 
little  extra  study  may  mean  a  coasiderable  saving  in 
fertiliser  bill,  quite  apart  from  any  added  interest 
there  may  be.  Nowadays,  in  fact,  a  garden  ca.i 
only  be  called  truly  successful  when  it  is  economi- 
cally in  a  fairly  sound  condition.  With  expenses 
all  round  so  high,  it  is  essential  to  get  the  best  out 
of  every  garden  ;  that  best  can  only  be  obtained 
by  a  proper  use  of  manures  and  fertilisers. 

A  brief  consideration  of  the  physical  and 
chemical  properties  of  any  soil  will  be  very  valuable 
as  an  indication  of  the  best  method  of  treatment. 
Take,  for  example,  a  sandy  soil,  such  as  must  be 
familiar  to  all  Siurrey  and  Hampsliire  gardeners. 
Here  the  soil  is  largely  made  up  of  comparatively 
coarse  particles,  chiefly  sand,  or  "  silicai,"  an 
insoluble  substance  of  no  nutritive  value  to  the 
plant.  Such  soils  from  this  very  mode  of  formation 
are  generally  poor  in  plant  nutrients.  Both 
potash  and  phosphates  are  probably  present  in 
very  small  quantities  ;  nitrates  are  quickly  washed 
out  by  rains  and  lime,  also,  tends  to  vanish  in  the 
drainage  water. 

On  the  physical  side,  the  properties  of  a  sandy 
soil  are  largely  explicable  by  the  phenomenon 
of  capillarity.  When  two  surfaces  are  placed 
close  together  with  their  bases  in  water  the  latter 
will  rise  up  between  them,  and  the  height  to  which 
it  rises  will  be  inversely  proportional  to  the  distance 
between  the  plates.  That  is  to  say,  the  narrower 
the  channel  the  higher  the  water  will  rise.  In  a 
sandy  soil,  therefore,  where  the  spaces  between  the 
particles  are  comparatively  large,  allowing  free 
movement  of  rain  down  into  the  soil,  water  cannot 


be  raised  up  to  the  surface  by  capillarity  from  any 
great  depth.  For  this  reason,  if  the  subsoil  is 
fairly  permeable,  the  reserve  of  water  in  the  soil 
may  be  too  far  down  to  enable  the  upper  layers 
to  remain  moist  during  a  dry  spell.  From  con- 
siderations such  as  these,  it  may  be  inferred  that 
on  the  one  hand  a  sandy  soil  drains  readily  in  the 
spring,  can  be  cultivated  early,  and  as  it  warms 
up  rapidly  is  especially  useful  for  early  crops. 
On  the  other  hand,  it  may  be  expected  to  suffer 
very  readily  from  drought  during  the  summer. 

Having  noted  these  salient  features  it  is  now 
comparatively  easy  to  work  out  a  scheme  for  the 
improvement  of  such  a  soil.  In  the  first  place, 
lime  in  some  form  or  another  wiU  be  required, 
preference  being  given  to  the  slower-acting  ground 
limestone  in  order  not  to  destroy  rapidly  such 
organic  matter  as  may  be  present.  Apart  from 
its  many  other  good  qualities,  lime  is  the  only 
satisfactory  method  of  checking  the  ravages  of 
"  finger  and  toe  "  disease  on  these  soils.  Secondly, 
organic  matter,  farmyard  manure,  leaf-mould,  or  a 
green  crop  will  be  required  to  make  the  soil  more 
retentive  of  moisture  and  more  "  binding." 
Leguminous  crops,  such  as  Peas,  and  especially 
Clovers,  are  very  valuable,  and  they,  too,  wiU 
require  a  sufiiciency  of  lime  in  order  to  grow 
satisfactorily.  Guanos  and  other  organic  forms 
of  nitrogen  may  be  applied,  while  both  phosphates 
and  potash  must  be  added  in  some  suitable  form. 
Basic  slag  is  valuable  as  a  source  of  phosphate 
owing  to  its  containing  a  percentage  of  lime,  but  for 
immediate  use  phosphates  should  be  given  in  a 
form  such  as  steamed  bone-flour,  which  is  free  from 
acidity.  A  Gardener. 


A    New    Chinese   Shrub 
with  Pendent  Flowers 

There  is  a  shrub  having  the  misfortune  to 
bear  the  name  of  Stachyurus  chinensis  which 
is  at  the  present  time  the  centre  of  great 
interest    and  admiration  at    Kew.     Never   before 


has  it   borne  so   many  flowers,    which   hang  like 
catkins  around  each  bush. 

S.  chinensis  is  a  new  species  or  variety 
ol  Stachyurus  noted  by  several  Chinese  collectors 
and  introduced  by  Mr.  E.  H.  Wilson,  who  sent 
home  seeds.  These  have  germinated  well,  and 
the  plants  are  growing  and  flowering  freely.  In  a 
bed  of  seedlings  the  habit  of  growth  varies,  some 
of  the  plants  being  quite  upright,  while  in  others 
the  shoots  are  spreading.  A  curious  feature  of  one 
plant  is  that  when  the  racemes  are  developing 
they  are  upright,  but  before  the  flowers  open 
they  assume  the  usual  pendent  habit.  Whether 
the  Chinese  Stachj'urus  is  sufficiently  distinct 
from  the  Japanese  S.  praecox  to  be  given  specific 
rank  we  must  leave  the  botanists  to  decide.  Both 
plants  are  such  dehghtful  and  uncommon  shrubs — 
they  are  yet  so  rare  in  gardens — -that  all  the 
plants  it  is  possible  to  secure  should  be  grown. 
The  Stachyuruses  belong  to  the  Natural  Order 
Ternstrcemiaceas,  and  are  deciduous  shrubs  about 
3ft.  in  height.  The  pale  yellow  flowers  are  borne 
in  pendent,  catkin-like  inflorescences  towards  the 
ends  of  the  shoots  of  the  previous  season's  growth. 
The  buds  form  in  the  axUs  of  the  leaves  in  autumn, 
and  during  winter  they  may  be  noticed  developing 
gradually.  The  flowers  open  during  February 
and  March,  in  advance  of  the  leaves.  In  describing 
S.  chinensis  as  distinct  from  S.  praecox,  botanists 
denote  broader  and  crenately  serrate  leaves 
abruptly  contracted  into  a  long  acumen,  a  differ- 
ence in  the  colour  of  the  young  wood,  a  longer 
style  and  smaller  fruits.  The  Stachyuruses  require 
a  warm,  sheltered  position  from  the  east,  and  a 
hght,  well  drained  soil,  consisting  of  sandy  loam 
and  peat  or  leaf-mould. 


IRON    AS    SUPPORTS 
ROSES 


FOR 


THE   YELLOW   FLOWERS   OF   THIS   RARE   SHRUB    (STACHYURUS   CHINENSIS)    ASSUME 
A  PENDENT   HABIT   AND   OPEN    IN   ADVANCE   OF   THE   LEAVES. 


A  FEW  days  ago  an  amateur  friend,  because  of 
the  coldness  of  the  metal,  replaced  the  iron  stakes 
which  supported  the  standard  Roses  in  his  garden 
with  wooden  ones.  The  fluctuations  of  tempera- 
ture of  iron  are,  of  course,  well  known,  and  in  a 
severe  winter,  when  even  a  trifling  depression  of 
temperature  beyond  the  normal  condition  of  things 
may  have  serious  consequences,  contact  with  an 
iron  support  may  form  the  last  straw  which  turns 
the  balance  against  the  Rose,  especially  in  the  case 
of  delicate  varieties.  The  only  point  in  favour  of 
iron  supports  is  their  durabihty,  but  in  our  moist 
climate  iron  soon  rusts  away  unless  galvanised  or 
painted  annually.  Galvanising  iron  does  not  raise 
its  temperature,  and  in  many  cases  complaints  have 
been  made  of  the  injury  done  by  galvanised  wire  to 
fruit  trees,  though  whether  the  low  tempera- 
ture is  the  cause  of  the  mischief  or  the  bright  coat- 
ing upon  the  wu-e  has  not  yet  been  fuUy  cleared 
up.  Whoever  uses  iron  supports  for  anything  to 
grow  upon  should  at  least  keep  them  well  painted, 
and  in  tying  Roses  to  the  supports  cross  the  two 
ends  of  the  string,  so  that  the  plant  may  not  come 
into  contact  with  the  metal.  I  have  frequently 
noticed  when  tying  Peaches  and  other  trees  and 
plants  to  galvanised  wires  that  when  the  matting 
is  passed  round  the  wire  first  and  the  tie  loosely 
made  so  that  the  bark  is  not  pressed  against  the 
wire,  no  damage  is  done.  Hollow  bars  or 
tubes  are  in  every  way  better  than  solid  bars 
of  metal,  and  doubtless  in  the  future  metal 
tubes  will  come  largely  into  use,  for  it  is  not 
likely,  unless  there  should  be  a  wider  difierence 
between  the  cost  of  iron  and  wood  than  there 
is  at  present,  that  the  wood  will  reassert  its 
old  supremacy.  Rosa. 


April  9,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


BEGONIAS 

In  superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding. 

Doubles,  in  8  colours,  flowers  lilic  large  Roses  and  Camellias  ...         ...      T/-    per  dozen  SO;-  per  100 

Doubles,  in  mised  colours,     ,,  ,,  ,,        ,,  ,,         ...         ...     5  6    ,,        ,,      40'-    ,,     ,, 

Singles,  in  6  colours,  very  large  fine  shaped  flowers        ...         ...         ...     4/6     ,,         ,,      30;'-     ,,     ,, 

Singles,  in  mi.\ed  colours,     ,,         ,,         ,,  ,,  3/6    ,,         ,,      24/-    ,,     ,, 

Collection  of  36  large  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15/- 
Send  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations, 
Delphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOW      IS     THE      BEST     TIME     TO      PLANT      DELPHINIUMS. 

We  have  pleasure  in  off^ering  the  following  Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 

which  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  this  year : — 

Collection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kinds  for    ...     50/- 

Collection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds 40/- 

Coliection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      20/-  and  30/- 

CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

blackmore:     &     langdon,     bath. 


T^e  Rito  Smile. 


A    DRIVER    ON    THE   G.W.B. 

took   the   prize   for   two  years    in    succession 
for  the  best  cultivated  plot,  by  using  RITOi 


Prices:— 1     cwt.    23/6,     J-cwt.    12/-,     |-cwt.    6/9,    14   lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 

SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

Manufactured  tinder  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd.,  23.  Tunnel  Avenue,  Greenwich,  S.E.  10 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


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Successful  Cultlva- 
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ANTI-FLY  DUSTING 


A      specific      against 

Carrot,      Onion     and 

pnU/npp   Celery   Fly,   Maggots,  and  Cabbage 

runULIl   Caterpillars.   NoEggs — NoMaggots. 

Prices:   25/-  cwt.,  14/-  J-cwt.,  8/-  28  lbs. 

Bags  free. 

From  new  grounds.     Absolutely  virgin 
soil.     Satisfaction  assured.     Write   for 


LOAM 

sample. 

Price:   18/-  ton,   f.o  r.,   Midlands. 

I  AWN  Stimulates  the  Fine  Grasses.     Dis- 

LHIin  courages    Moss    and    Weeds.     En- 

MANURE     hances  the   Beauty  of  the  Lawn. 

Prices:   30/-  cwt.,  16/6  J-cwt.,  9/-  28  lbs. 
Bags   free. 

nilACCIA     Exceptionally   Powerful  Wash  and 
riT-TR     «       Non-Poisonous.       Death    to   Green 
EXTRACT    ^^y-  ^'^-     Rea'ly  fo""  dilution. 
Prices:  20  galls.  1  55/-,  5  galls.  42/6,  gall.  9/- 

U/Cpn       (Electric)  Poison  saves  50°o  in  Labour. 
iViT  1  (Liquid  and  Powder). 

KILLER    Liquid:    5  galls.  =  255  galls.,   31/6 
Powder:    4  tins  =   100  galls.,   18/- 
Tins  for  Powder  free. 

Carriage   Paid  on  Orders  of  £1   and  upwards. 


"Le  Fruitier" 


THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK  YET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS    CENTURY. 

AS  SUPPLIED  to  the  ROYAL  GARDENS 

"THE  ROY.AL  GARDENS.  WINDSOR. 
"I  think  I  have  used  yo  ir  "IE  FRUITIER'  since 
it  was  first  pu^  on  the  market,  or  very  soon  after, 
and  I  have  always  found  i^  to  he  a  safe  and 
reliable  manure  for  Vinfs,  Fruit  Trees  and  Straw- 
berries, and  as  a  top  dressing  tbe  best  results 
are  obtnined,  the  manure  act  ng  as  a  stimulant 
and  without  any  tendency  to  gross  growth  of 
wood,  and  improving  colour  and  finishing  cf  fruit. 
A.  MACKELLAR.  " 

Prices: 
36/-  cwt.,   19/-  Jcwt.,   10/6  28  lbs., 
6/-    14  lbs.,     3/6    7  lbs.       Bags    Free. 


WM  WOOD  &  SON  ^"'■ 


TELE 


(LATE     OF     WOOD     QREEN) 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GRAMS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS" 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


CARNATIONS 

Why  pay  high  railway  rates? 

TRY     MY 

Parcel  Post  Collections. 


PLANTS  OUT  OF    IJ   INCH    POTS. 

20    in  20  varieties 20/- 

50    in  50  varieties  ...  ...     50/- 

100    in   100  varieties  ...100/- 

All    Free    by    Post. 


C.   ENGELMANN, 

Carnation   Grower, 
SAFFRON      >A/ALDEN. 


NEPETA    MUSSINI,    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows  | 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII,    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and   ROCK   PLANTS   for   any  given  aspect. 

10/6  ;  all  carriaga  paid.    Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAUDEVIN, 

WILLASTON.    BIRKENHEAD. 


SWEET  PEAS 


Only  genuine  direct  from  WEM, 

Are  the  mammoths  of  the  Sweet  Pea  World. 
In  spite  of  their  large  size,  ihe  blooms  are 
perfectly  formed  and  possess  a  choice 
delicacy  of  colour  not  to  be  found  in  other 
varieties.  Every  grower  of  this  charming  flower 
should  send  direct  for  one  of  the  following 
collections,  which  will  give  a  long  display  of 
finest  flowers  of  the  most  exquisite  colours. 

12  Varieties  separate  and  named         5/6 
18  ..  ..  ..  8- 

24        ,.  ..  io;6 

30  ..  12  6 

40  ..  ..  17,6 

50  ..  ..  22,6 

POST    FREE    FOR    CASH    WITH    ORDER. 

All  the  above  are  of  the  finest  Exhibition 
quality,  m.ignificent  for  all  purposes, containing 
a  wonderful  range  of  the  most  gorgeous 
colours;  all  strong  growers  giving  splendid 
flower  stems  with  giant  flowers. 

WRITE  FOR  A  CATALOGUE 

of   all  the    Finest    Sweet    Peas. 

HENRY  ECKFOFD.PRHs 

The    Sweet    Pea    House, 
(Dept.   61),   WEM.   Shropshire. 


Also  the  finest  Flower  Seeds,   Vegetable 
Seeds,   Potatoes,   etc. 


Vlll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  9,  192 1. 


Lawn 


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Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
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THOMAS  GREEN  &    SON.   Ltd..  Smitbfield   Ironworks.  Leeds,  and  New  Snrrey  Works,  Sonthwark  Street.  London.  S.E.I. 


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ECONOMY  in  the  GARDEN 
EVERYMAN'S       SEED       SOWER 

prevents  WASTE,  as  Seed  being  in  full  view,  rate  of 

distribution  is  easily  controlled.     Vibratory  Flanges 

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SAVES    THINNING    OUT. 

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April  q,  iqii. 


THE     GARDEN. 


181 


The    Coning    of    Pinus 
Armandi 

Seeds  of  this  Chinese  Pine  were  first  sent  to  France 
by  Pfere  Farges  in  1S95,  while  in  1S97  Mr.  Augustine 
Henry  sent  seeds  to  Kew  from  Yunnan,  W.  China. 
It  was  from  a  tree  raised  from  the  latter  seeds 
that  the  spray  was  cut  which  supplied  the  material 
for  the  accompanying  illustration.  The  trees  are 
now  about  25  feet  high.  Cones  were  first  produced 
in  1909,  but  these  did  not  contain  fertile  seeds. 
Each  year  now,  however,  good  seeds  are  produced 
which  germinate  readily. 

Until  cones  are  produced,  Armand's  Pine 
growing  in  the  pleasure  grounds  is  not  distinguish- 
able from  the  Bhotan  Pine,  Pinus  e.\celsa.  The 
cones,  however,  are  very  different,  the  subject  of 
this  note  having  thick,  weighty  cones,  3  inches 
wide,  and  6  inches  to  8  inches  long,  slightly  tapering. 
In     the     Bhotan    Pine    the    cones    are    long    and 


injury  to  the  Strawberry  rootlets  ;  but  when  the  bed 
or  plantation  is  rather  full  of  surface  weeds,  the 
spade  or  digging  fork  must  necessarily  be  used. 

The  beds  should  be  made  quite  firm  ;  if  the 
soil  is  loose  it  may  be  firmed  by  treading.  If 
well-rotted  farmyard  manure  is  available,  a  good 
mulch  can  be  spread  between  the  rows  and 
trampled  down  in  a  compact  and  even  layer. 
If  no  farm  manure  can  be  applied,  give  a  dressing 
of  soot  and  lime  at  the  rate  of  about  40ZS.  of 
each  per  square  yard,  supplemented  with  loz.  of 
steamed  bone  flour  and  lOz.  of  muriate  or  sulphate 


of  potash.  If  separately  applied,  and  stirred  into 
the  soil,  iJozs.  of  superphosphate  may  be  sub- 
stituted for  the  bone  flour.  About  half  an  ounce 
of  sulphate  of  ammom'a,  or  three-quarters  of  an 
ounce  of  nitrate  of  soda,  per  square  yard  should 
be  hoed  in  a  few  weeks  later.  Sulphate  should 
.always  be  hoed  in,  and  it  should  be  spread  early 
in  the  season.  Nitrate  can  be  applied  several 
weeks  later.  It  i?  quicker  in  action  than  sulphate, 
but  25  per  cent,  less  powerful,  except  in  a  very 
dry  season. 

Ballhaiigic.   Turriff,   Aberdeen.      John  Wight. 


Two  Crops   of  Melons   in   One  House 


MATURE   AND   YOUNG    CONES    OF   ARMAND's    PINE    (piNUS  ARMANDI 


cylindrical  up  to  some  10  inches  long,  and  about 
li  inches  wide,  usually  curved  when  mature.  In 
the  illustration  the  young  cones  and  the  second 
year  (mature)  cones  are  very  well  shown.  P, 
Armandi  is  one  of  the  five-leaved  section.      A.  O. 


Manuring  Strawberry   Beds 

If  Strawberry  beds  have  not  been  dug  or  forked 
lightly  between  the  rows  it  should  be  attended  to 
as  early  in  April  as  possible.  Cut  and  clear 
away  runners  and  weeds.  Hoeing  is  often  prefer- 
able to  digging  between  the  rows,  as  it  causes  lets 


Where  a  fail  amount  of  artificial  heat  can  be 
commanded  during  the  spring  months,  with  a 
little  in  the  summer,  when  required  two 
crops  of  Melons  can  be 
easily  matured  in  the 
same  structure.  The 
seeds  should  be  sown 
singly  in  small  pots 
filled  with  loam  and 
sand,  first  warmed, 
and  then  placed  in  a 
propagating-frame  for 
preference,  where 
there  is  some  bottom- 
heat.  If  the  pots  are 
plunged  to  their  rims, 
the  heat  of  the  soil  in 
them  will  be  more 
uniform. 

Directly  the  seed- 
Imgs  appear,  be  careftJ 
about  the  ventilation 
of  the  frame,  as  ex- 
c  e  s  s  i  V  e  atmospheric 
moisture  may  cause 
the  loss  of  the  seed- 
lings. Wipe  the  glass 
dry  twice  each  day, 
and  admit  a  little  air 
\  night  and  day.     When 

the  first  rough  leaf 
^  X  shows,  lift  the  seed- 
lings from  the  plung- 
ing material  and  admit 
more  air.  The  soil 
should  not  be  really 
wet  at  any  stage.  If 
water  is  needed,  partly 
immerse  the  pots  in  a 
vessel  of  tepid  water. 
In  the  meantime 
form  the  bed  fcr  the 
reception  of  the  plants. 
A  hotbed  of  leaves 
and  litter  should  be 
made  up  if  there  is 
no  means  of  provid- 
ing bottom-heat  from 
hot-water  pipes.  Put  on  a  ridge  of  good 
fibrous  loam  9  inches  deep,  and  cover  the 
remaining  part  of  the  hotbed  with  soil  6  inches 
deep. 

When  the  compost  is  warm,  plant  the  young 
Melons  14  inches  apart  and  train  them  as  cordons, 
securing  two  fruits  on  each  plant,  three  on  some. 
As  the  roots  appear  on  the  surface  of  the  bed, 
top-dress  with  more  loam  and  rotted  manure, 
always  made  firm. 

A  day  tempeiature  of  70°  from  artificial  heat 
should  be  maintained,  and  65°  at  night.  From 
sun-heat  a  few  degrees  more  will  be  beneficial  in 
the  daytime.      Keep  a  fairly  moist  atmosphere,  and 


if  any  syringing  is  done,  the  foliage  must  be  dry 
by  sunset.  Feeding  will  not  be  necessary  before 
the  stage  of  growth  when  the  fruits  are  set  and 
beginning  to  swell  freely. 

The  first  crop  will  take  about  sixteen  weeks  to 
mature  from  the  time  the  young  plants  form 
the  first  rough  leaves.  The  writer  has  taken 
ninety  good  fruits  from  a  span-roofed  house  in 
which  it  was  difficult  to  obtain  forty  fruits  from 
plants  grown  on  the  extension  system,  planted 
3  feet  apart.  The  cordon  system  is  more  up  to 
date,  and  amateurs  will  find  it  a  comparatively 
easy  matter  to  grow  fine  crops  of  Melons  if  they 
adopt  it.  G.  G. 

A  New  Gardening  Dictionary 

In  the  preface  to  "  Black's  Gardening  Dictionary  "* 
]ust  to  hand  it  is  claimed  that  "  it  has  an  adequate 
article  on  every  matter  of  interest  to  the  modern 
gardener,"  and  that "  it  should  become  the  standard 
work."  Its  distinguished  list  of  contributors  may 
do  much  to  justify  these  very  ambitious  claims. 
The  printing  of  the  book  is  large  and  clear  ;  the 
illustrations,  though  few  in  number,  are  a  useful 
addition  to  the  volume,  and  in  these  days  of  badly 
bound  books,  it  is  somewhat  of  a  relief  to  handle 
one  in  a  really  strong,  well  fixed,  cloth  back. 
As  to  the  arrangement  of  the  matter  there  appear 
to  be  some  inconsistencies  which  should  certainly 
be  remedied  in  any  future  edition.  Take  the 
Apple  article  as  an  example.  The  cultivation  and 
best  varieties  are  briefly  dealt  with,  and  an  article 
on  Apple  diseases  follows.  But  instead  of  an  article 
on  Apple  pests  succeeding  that  on  Apple  diseases, 
we  are  referred  to  the  article  on  insect  pests  for  all 
Apple  pests.  It  would  certainly  have  been  better 
to  have  put  everything  concerning  Apples  under 
Apple,  instead  of  cross  referencing  to  other  articles. 
Bearing  in  mind  the  fact  that  certain  diseases 
and  pests  attack  many  flowers  and  vegetables, 
and  that  the  Editor  of  this  work  clearly  does  not 
want  to  give  information  two  or  three  times  over 
in  various  parts  of  the  work,  we  suggest  that 
in  future  editions,  if  It  is  not  found  possible  to 
give  detailed  articles  on  diseases  and  pests  after 
the  article  on  the  subject  in  question,  as  above, 
that  paragraphs  headed  "  Diseases  "  and  "  Pests  ' 
be  added  at  the  close  of  each  article  before  any 
varieties  are  recommended.  As  it  is,  the  diseases 
and  pests  are  only  named  in  their  correct  order, 
among  the  thousands  of  other  cross  references. 
Considerable  care  has  evidently  been  taken  to 
bring  the  lists  of  named  varieties  up-to-date, 
but  is  it  worth  while  to  describe  scores  of  named 
sorts  which  in  a  year  or  two  may  not  be  deemed 
worth  growing  ?  Had  named  varieties  been  given 
as  a  Supplement,  this  could  have  been  changed 
without  interfering  with  the  book  itself,  but  this 
is  quite  impossible  otherwise. 

•"Black's  Gardening  Bictionary."      Kdlt«J   by   E.  T. 

Ellis.  1.238  pp.     London,  .\.  and  C.   Ulack,   I.Ul.,    1921, 
15s.  net. 


182 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  q,    1921. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— r/iu  Editor  cndeavmirs 
to  make  The  Garden  hrlplul  to  ail  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  irhat  the  branch  of  Hardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  makes  a  special  texture  o/  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  0/  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  '.he  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-icool,  and  flowering 
shoots  lohere  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

INCARVILLEA  GRANDIFLORA  (Brookside).— This 
trumpet  flower  is  a  new  introduction  since  tlie  publication 
of  Robinson's  "  Enrrlsii  Flower  Garden."  It  has  larger 
flowers  than  Incan'iUea  Delavavi,  but  the  plants  are  not 
sn  tail,  averaging  only  1ft.  to  IJft. 

TULIPS  IN  A  DIRTY  BORDER  (L.  D.  G.,  Ireland).— 
Having  kept  the  Tulips  in  the  ground  for  sn  long,  it  would 
be  a  pity  to  risk  spoiling  them  by  taking  them  up  now  thev 
are  coming  into  bloom.  It  will  be  better,  we  think, 
to  cut  away  the  weeds  and  to  lift  the  Tulips  carefully 
after  thev  have  flowered  and  then  plant  rather  thickly 
in  rows  In  partly  shaded  soil  to  complete  their  growths 
and  to  finish  ripening.  The  ground  will  then  be  at  liberty 
to  clean  ready  for  another  crop  and  the  Tulip  bulbs  will 
take  little  harm. 

NARCISSUS  FAILING  (T.  D.  Pin).— The  faUure  may  be 
due  to  a  variety  of  causes — maggot,  eelworm,  disease, 
infected  bulbs  or  unsuitable  soil.  Bulbs  that  have  failed 
to  appear  at  all  this  spring  are  dead  from  some  cause  or 
other,  and  we  advise  our  correspondent  to  seek  the  cause 
on  the  spot.  Those  that  have  made  healthy  foliage  but 
given  no  flowers  should  flower  next  year.  "  Blindness," 
so-called,  rarely  affects  any  sort  but  the  double  Poet's 
^'arcissus,  though  inferior  methods  of  culture  or  too  dry 
a  soil  or  position  resulting  in  inferior  or  weak  growth, 
would  produce  undersized  bulbs  that  contain  no  flower 
buds.  In  such  case  improved  conditions  of  cultivation 
would  result  in  better  growth  and  larger  bulbs  containing 
an  embryo  flower  bud.  If  our  correspondent  had  stated 
what  variety  was  a  failure,  and  the  soil  and  cultivation 
accorded,  we  might  liave  helped  him  further. 

TULIPA  SYLVESTRIS  (A.  C.).— If  we  mterpret  our 
correspondent's  letter  aright  that  the  clumps  of  this 
Tulip  are  tins  year  appearing  for  the  flrst  time  in  more 
than  one  place  in  the  Azalea  bed  we  should  conclude  as 
follows ;  That,  as  mutilated  bulbs  having  their  basal 
seats  intact,  they  were  present  in  the  bed  or  introduced 
thereto  with  the  Azaleas  at  planting  time.  If  that 
assumption  is  correct  a  year  or  two  would  be  occupied 
in  forming  tiny  bulblets  with  a  further  term  for  forming 
leaf  and  stem  growth  to  enable  them  to  appear  at  the 
surface.  This  alone  under  normally  deep  planting  con- 
ditions would  occupy  several  yeara,  while  the  period  would 
be  apjireciably  increased  it  the  bulbs  were  buried 
abnormally  deep.  Bulbs  of  the  character  named  would 
account  for  the  present  clusters  or  clumps.  A  pod  of  seeds 
or  a  part  thereof  might  produce  like  results,  though  in 
that  case  the  clumps  of  bulbs  would  almost  sure  to  be 
found  quite  near  the  surface,  smce  seeds  of  such  plants 
would  not  germinate  at  any  considerable  depth.  A  bird 
would  hardly  be  likely  to  carry  seeds  suflicient  to  account 
for  the  clumps  referred  to,  though  it  might  conceivably  be 
the  unwitting  agent  of  introducing  solitary  plants  occasion- 
ally.    We  incline,  however,  to  the  flrst  given  view. 


THE     GREENHOUSE. 

BLIND  CYCLAMEN  CORNS  (J.  E.  B.  B.,  Bude).— , 
HaviDg  once  failed  to  grow  satisfactorily  the  Cyclamen* 
corms  should  certainly  be  discarded. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  FOLIAGE  ATTACKED  (B.  L.  L. 
Cornwall). — The  leaves  appear  to  have  been  pierced  by 
a  sucking  insect,  probably  a  plant  bug,  while  in  the  bud. 
Search  should  be  made  for  active  green  or  brown  insects 
and  if  any  are  found  the  plants  should  be  sprayed  with  a 
nicotine  wash. 

DRACXNAS  (L.  D.  G.,  Ireland).— These  form  an 
important  family  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  but 
mostly  stove.  "They  are  also  known  as  Cordylines.  Tfie 
hardier  varieties,  such  as  Braciena  australis,  Banksii, 
indivisa  and  stricta,  succeed  very  well  in  an  ordinary 
greenhouse  where  the  temperature  does  not  fall  below 
50**  Fahr.  in  winter.  They  are  most  useful  as  vase  plants 
for  room  decoration.  In  London  they  are  not  infrequently 
used  ■  most  effectively  with  other"  ornamental  foliage 
plants  in  the  decoration  of  the  sub-tropical  garden. 

HOW  TO  GROW  PEACH  TREES  AND  OTHER  STONE 
OR  ORCHARD  FRUIT  UNDER  GLASS  (E.  S.,  Windsor). 
— This  is  a  large  subject,  and  in  answer  to  such  a  question 
we  can  only  give  a  brief  outline  of  the  points  of  work 
most  necessary  to  observe  and  to  carry  out  to  secure 
success.  Perhaps  in  late  summer  we  may  be  able 
to  deal  with  the  matter  more  fully,  but  if,  in  the 
meantime,  any  obscure  or  difficult  points  of  culture 
arise,  let  us  know  what  they  are  and  we  will  help  you. 
If  success  is  to  be  obtained,  it  is  flrst  necessary  to 
possess  a  span-roofed  glasshouse,  so  built  that  the 
maximum  of  liglit    in  every    part    of  the  house  during 


the  whole  of  the  day  is  obtainable.  It  is  also  impor- 
tant that  the  most  perfect  system  of  ventilation 
should  be  adopted.  The  size  of  the  house  will  depend  on 
the  number  of  trees  to  be  grown.  It  need  not  be  an 
expensive  erection.  No  centre  stage  will  be  requu-ed, 
simply  a  bed  of  coal  ashes  and  perhaps  a  low  side  stage  all 
round  with  a  path  by  the  side  of  it.  Heating. — Two 
rows  of  4in.  pipes  (flow  and  return)  all  round  the  house 
near  the  boundary  wall  will  be  suflicient.  This  more  to 
keep  out  frost  than  to  encourage  any  thought  of 
forcing  the  trees.  If  an  existing  structure  has  to  be 
requisitioned,  it  should  be  wholly  devoted  to  this  purpose 
(unless  perhaps,  after  the  crops  have  been  ripened  and 
the  trees  turned  out  of  doors,  a  crop  of  Tomatoes  could 
be  grown),  and  the  conditions  approximated  as  near 
to  the  above  as  possible.  The  best  month  to  start  on  the 
growth  of  orchard  house  fruit  trees  in  pots  is  October. 
Trees  of  the  various  kinds  desired  may  then  be  bouglit. 
of  any  age  or  size  from  three  to  twenty  years.  To 
beginners  in  this  delightful  art  we  would  recommend  that 
five  year  old  trained  trees,  well  rooted  and  established  in 
pots,  be  purchased.  The  person  to  have  charge  of  such  a 
collection  should  have  had  considerable  experience  in  their 
growth  and  be  well  interested  in  the  same,  as  the  work  is 
highly  technical.  It  would  be  courting  failure  to  place 
such  in  the  charge  of  an  inexperienced  person.  October 
is  the  best  month  for  repotting  those  of  the  trees  requiring 
such  attention.  Keep  the  trees  in  a  sheltered  position  out 
of  doors  until  the  end  of  November,  plunging  the  pots  in 
coal  ashes  or  leaves.  Protect  the  trees  with  nets  if  danger 
ol  their  being  denuded  of  their  buds  by  birds  exists. 
Wash  the  pots  clean  and  see  that  the  drainage  hole  at  the 
bottom  is  clear  before  placing  under  glass  at  the  end  of 
November.  Keep  the  house  cool  and  freely  ventUated 
until  the  buds  show  signs  of  growth.  A  slightly  warm 
temperature  may  then  be  permitted,  but  no  attempt  at 
forcing  on  of  growth  should  be  made.  Ventilation. — 
The  side  and  top  ventilators  may  be  used  freelv  in  favour- 
able weather  so  long  as  growth  remains  dormant,  but 
immediately  signs  of  growth  show,  the  ventilation  must 
be  kept  under  control,  with  the  object  more  particularly 
of  preventing  cold  draughts.  These  at  this  time  of  the  year 
(when  growth  of  leaf  and  flower  commences)  are  the  cause 
of  much  trouble  in  bringing  about  attacks  of  mildew  and 
insect  pests.  The  Flowerino  Time. — It  is  important  to 
have  a  little  fresh  air  moving  among  the  trees  at  this 
stage  of  their  groi\-th.  let  the  weather  be  what  it  may. 
Should  it  be  damp  and  foggy,  or  there  is  likely  to  be  frost, 
then  is  the  time  that  slight  heat  should  be  applied  to  the 
hot^water  pipes  to  keep  the  air  dry  and  buoyant.  In 
bright  weather  ventilate  freely.  Disbudding  the  Shoots. 
— "The  shoots  and  flowers  appear  on  the  branches  simul- 
taneously, as  they  do  on  most  other  stone  fruit.  As  soon 
as  the  wood  buds  are  large  enough  to  handle,  then  is  the 
time  to  rub  away  those  wliich  are  not  wanted.  Those 
which  must  be  retamed.  are  the  following;  The 
terminal  bud  at  the  end  of  each  young  leading  shoot :  the 
bud  nearest  the  base  of  each  such  shoot  (on  the  outer 
side),  and  one  in  the  middle  (also  on  the  outside),  three  in 
all.  All  other  wood  buds  (young  shoots),  should  be  rubbed 
off,  not  all  at  once,  but  in  the  course  of  a  fortnight  or  so 
after  the  flrst  have  been  rubbed  off.  Fertilising  the 
Bloom. — This  should  be  attended  to  on  sunny  days,  when 
the  pollen  is  dry ;  about  noon  is  the  best  time.  The 
process  consists  in  communicating  the  pollen  dust  from 
the  anthers  to  the  centre  of  the  stigma  (which  is  the  centre 
column  of  the  flower).  This  is  done  by  various  agencies, 
such  as  the  wind  blowing  it  about,  and  by  bees  and  other 
insects.  Bees  are  the  best  agents,  and  if  you  happen  to 
have  a  hive  in  the  garden,  let  the  same  be  placed  inside  the 
orchard  house  while  the  trees  are  in  bloom.  For  the  arti- 
ficial pollination  of  the  flowers  by  hand,  the  most  successful 
way  we  have  found  is  to  do  so  with  the  aid  of  a  camel-hair 
brush,  flrst  touching  the  same  against  the  pollen  and  then 
communicating  it  to  the  stigma.  Thinning  the  Fruit. — 
This  must  be  done  gradually,  commencing  soon  after  the 
fruit  is  set.  Kub  off  the  weakest  and  the  poorest  of  the 
fruit  first.  Finally  it  is  sufficient  if  each  of  the  shoots  are 
allowed  to  carry  one  fruit  only,  and  that,  of  course,  the 
largest  and  best.  Watering. — Much  care  is  needed  in 
carrying  out  this  operation.  Do  not  water  until  the  soil  is 
moderately  dry.  As  soon  as  you  find  this  to  be  the  case, 
give  a  copious  and  thorough  watering,  and  do  not  repeat 
this  until  the  soil  is  again  in  a  dry  condition.  Use 
rain  water  whenever  possible.  Trees  carrying  good  crops 
should  receive  occasional  waterings  of  weak  manure  water, 
Peruvian  guano  is  one  of  the  safest  and  best  manures  to 
use.  Dissolve  a  moderate  handful  in  three  gallons  of 
water.  Apply  twice  a  week  (say  Tuesdays  and  Fridays), 
clean  water  on  other  days.  Trees  carrjing  a  light  crop  or 
no  crop  at  all  will  need  no  stimulants. 


CARPENTARIA      CALIFORNICA      UNSATISFACTORY 

(C.  L..  Kent). — It  is  an  unfortunate  failing  with  this 
shrub  for  shoots  to  sometimes  die  off  through  no  apparent 
cause.  Being  a  subject  of  general  interest,  we  submitted 
the  shoot  sent  to  a  fungus  expert,  his  report  being  as 
follows  :  '■  The  wood  of  Carpentaria  is  invaded  by  fungus 
mycelium,  which  is  almost  certainly  jiarasitic  and  which 
is  possibly  responsible  for  the  whole  trouble.  Whetiier 
or  not  the  fungus  got  in  through  a  big  wound  lower  down 
is.  of  course,  impossible  to  say  from  the  specimen.  In 
this  case  the  fungus  may  have  been  merely  saprophytic 
to  commence  with,  and  by  gradually  invading  the  wood 
become  somewhat  parasitic.  If  Carpentarias  are  well 
known  to  die  back  in  tins  way  it  might  be  well  to  try  and 
gaiTi  further  light  on  the  cause.  It  is  a  subject  tlie  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  might  very  well  investigate  at  the 
Wisley  Laboratory." 


FRUIT     GARDEN. 

PRUNING  RASPBERRIES  (L.  D.  G.,  Ireland).— The 
pruning  of  Raspberries  depends  entirely  on  the  strength 
of  the  canes.  If  these  are  healthy  and  are  well  grown 
and  likely  to  produce  decent  fruit  all  up  the  cane,  it  will 
be  enough  to  cut  off  the  soft  and  unripe  top  end  of  the 
canes  generally,  from  Oins.  to  9ins.  If.  on  the  contrary, 
tlie  canes  appear  to  be  feeble  and  more  or  less  out  of 
health  and  not  likely  to  produce  much  fruit,  it  will  be 
better  to  cut  them  back  as  suggested.  Bv  doing  so  the 
canes  for  next  year  should  be  strengtliened. 

NETTING     BUSH     FRUIT     TREES     AGAINST     BIRDS 

(A.  K.).— l;l;l.■klii^l^  iirr  (Ictrnjuncd  birds,  and  wlien 
ripe  fruit  is  the  objective,  it  is  hurd  to  sav  how  .small  an 
aperture  will  bar  their  entrance.  To  be  on  the  safe  side, 
we  think  that  IJin.  mesh  would  be  the  safest  to  use.  In 
fixing  a  permanent  roof  of  this  description,  the  precaution 
should  be  taken  to  leave  a  few  panels  which  could  be 
opened  (or  removed)  in  winter  to  admit  the  many  birds 
which  are  useful  friends  to  gardeners  in  ridding  bushes  of 
insect  pests  and  their  progeny.  Should  damage  be  suffered 
in  hard  winters  from  bullfinches  and  otlier  birds  denuding 
the  bushes  of  their  buds,  a  dressing  of  soot  and  lime  now 
and  again  will  prevent  this  and  do  the  bushes  good  at  the 
same  time. 


A  Correction.— iff  the  article,  "  Plants  for 
a  Shady  Rock  Garden  "  (issue  Marcii  26,  page  148), 
I  beg  to  draw  your  attention  to  a  slight  error  in 
column  two  and  line  eiglit  from  the  top,  i.e.,  "  Fuch- 
sias "  should  read  "  Funkias." — R.  C.  Jolliffe. 


THE 


"BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth   "  draw 
out"  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does   not  pinch 
or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/G. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 

Postage  7d. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


TREES    AND     SHRUBS. 

CLEMATIS  FOR  IDEKTIFICATION  (H.  B.).— The 
Clematis  in  question  is  probably  one  of  the  C.  patens  frroup  ; 
some  of  them  do  bear  both  double  and  single  flowers.  We 
do  not  recognise  the  variety  from  the  description,  but  it  is 
probable  that  Messrs.  Jackman,  nurseryman.  Woking, 
could  supply  the  name.  Clematis  Armandi  is  not  as  a 
rule  a  shy  bloomer. 

SUITABLE  SHRUBS  TO  PLANT  IN  HEAVY  SOIL  ON 
A  SLOPING  BANK  (Cotswold).— The  following  shrubs 
shodld  succeed  in  the  position  described : — Berberis 
Darwiuii,  B.  stenoplivlla,  B.  .■Vquifolium  (evergreen).  B. 
Wllsonje.  B.  Thunbergil  (deciduous).  Ligistrum  lucidum, 
L.  japonicum  (evergreen),  Ribes  sauguineum,  R.  s.  var. 
splendens.  R.  aureum  (deciduous),  Hypericum  calycinum 
(evergreen),  H.  patulum  Henryi  (deciduous),  Spirsea 
arguta.  S.  canescens.  S.  discolor,  S.  Aitchisoni, 
S.  salicifolia.  S.  japonica  (deciduous).  Rosa  rugosa,  R. 
Moysii,  R.  spinosissima.  R.  lutea  (deciduous),  Philadelplius 
coronarius.  P.  grandiflorus.  P.  Lemoinei  and  varieties 
(deciduous).  Lilacs  in  variety  (deciduous),  Forsythia 
suspensa.  F.  intermedia  spectabilis  (deciduous),  Clstus 
laurifolius.  C.  Loretti,  C.  monspeliensis  (evergreen), 
EscalJonia  langleyensis  (evergreen). 


s^  __                    .               m 

I  KING'S  Acre  i 

m  m 

I  Bedding  &  Hardy  Herbaceous   | 

I  &  Border  PLANTS  &  VIOLAS   | 

W  for  Spring  Planting.     A  reliable    p 

^  and    extensive   stock   of  young,    ffi 

ffi  vigorous  Plants.                  M 

^  Illustrated     Catalogue     and    any     information      gS 

an!  ■     J  r                         .   , 

me  required  free  on   request   to 

I  King's  Acre    Nurseries 

I  HEREFORD.   ^'^- 


April  c),    riiir.l 


THE     GARDEN. 


\MV\\\\v\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\u\\\\\\\\\««\M  ^v.u\\v\\v\xv^\\\\^^wrt^^w\\\\\\v\w^^^ 


YOU'LL  WANT  SOME  VIM  TOO  ! 


.-A;,' 


:2^V 


;i 


r  V  y 


"^/'OU'LL  want  some  Vim 
-■-  too!"  says  willing  Vimmy 
to  father,  who  has  been 
working  in  the  garden  while 
mother  washes  up  in  the 
kitchen. 

VIM  is  just  the  thing  for 
removing  dirt  from  the 
hands,    however   ingrained. 

It  also  cleans  and  polishes  Pots, 
Pans,  Cutlery  and  Crockery,  Glass- 
ware and  Earthenware,  Windows, 
Oilcloth  and  Linoleum,  Floors  and 
Kitchen  Tables,  plain  and  painted 
Woodwork,  Brass,  Copper,  Tin 
and  all   Metalware. 

When   things  are   dim 
Just   give    'em    VIM. 

IN    PACKETS    AND 
SPRINKLER-TOP  CANISTERS. 

Of  all  Grocers,  Stores,  Oilmen,   Chandlers,  etc. 


LEVER      BROTHERS      T.IMITET).      PORT      SUNMOITT. 


THE     GARDEN. 


'April   q,    1921. 


SPECIAL     BARGAINS ! 


CLOGS 

AT  CUT 
PRICES. 


(^OT^^ 


We  give  details  hereof  a  special  line  of  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  to  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  surplus  stock,  made  up  for  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day— there's  no  time 
to  put  off. 

C524.     Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,  strong  wood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  uppers,  shape  as 
illustrated. 
Child's  sizes,  7,  8,  9,  and  10,  5/6  for  3/11, 

postpaid 3(11 

Boys'  and  Girls'  sizes,  11,  12,  13,  and  1. 

6/6  for  4ill,  post  paid      4/11 

Youth's  and  Women's  sizes.  2,  3,  4,  and 

5,  7/11  for  5|11.  post  paid  5/1 1 

Women's  and  Men's  sizes,  6,  7,  8.  9,  10, 
and  II.  8/11  for  6/11,  postpaid  ...  6/1  1 

Irons  round  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  1,  9d. 
extra.     All  larger  sizes,  1/3  extra. 
All  our  usual  shapes  in  stock.    2  Buckle,  hest  quality, 
mi.  now  8/-  post  paid.    All  sizes  for  men  and  women 
same  price.      Wellingtons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 
ana  Watertights  all  reduced  10  percent. 
Send  for   otir  Catalogue  of  Foot- 
wear now.     All  rctUufti  m  price. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf -mould,  ready  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  same  way,  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equalling  15cwts.),  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Hortlcultaral  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley.  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  WiLKS,  Secretary. 

A   Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  Particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard. 

tm-  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS.  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -««B 

Prices,  including  bags.  1  bushel  2/3,  4  bushels  6/-,  5-4  bushels  28/9.  lfl-4  bushels  55/-,  20-4  bushels  100/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Guaran- 
teed Analvsis  free.     Price,  including  bass 
14  lb.  bag,  3/3  ;  56  lbs.,  11/6;   1  cwt.,  22/- 
Best  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam,   4/.,  and  Leaf  Mould,   4/6.     Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 
Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.     Basic  Slag,  8/6.     Superphosphates,  1  2/6.      Bone 
.Meal,  22/-,       Kainit,  11/6  per  cwt.       Nitrate  of  Soda,  30/-  per  cwt. 

St'L*  Frfc  Boobtci  us  aijovi'  for  f>riccs  of  sumllcr  ttttaitlities.  a/so  nllicr  *,'of>(/s-, 

WAKELEY    BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    76a,     BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      S.E.I. 


"ACME 


j> 


WEED    KILLER 

DESTROYS     WEEDS,     MOSS,     etc.,    ON 

CARRIAQE     DRIVES,     QARDEN 

WALKS,     ROADS,     etc. 

Awarded    Gold     .Medal    Anglo-American     E.xhibition. 
Bronze  Medal  Royal   Horticultural  Society. 

POWDER    WEED     KILLER 

f  LheniKal  compound   as  the  lujiiid,  and  only 

needs   tht-  addition  of  water. 

Dissolves  Quickly  In  Cold  Water. 

SIZE    OF    TINS. 


X, 

sufficient 

to 

make  12*  galls 

,  2/-.  postage    9d. 
S/9       ..           1/- 

'?. 

SO 

7/-       ..           1/- 

.1, 

100 

1J/6                  1/6 

4, 

•• 

150 
Tins  free. 

18/-,  post  free. 

THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  JENKJNS,  7/6  net, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrattd.  Published  at  the 
offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


Lawn    Sand. — Kills   Daisies,  etc..    and   fertilises    the 

grass.      No  other  manure  necessary.      7  1b.,  2/5; 

56  lb..  16/-. 
Soluble   Paraffin. — Mixes  instantly  with  water  and 

does   not  separate.      1    lb..  2/9,  post  free.     1  oz. 

sufficient  for  1  gallon  of  water. 
Arsenate  of  Lead  (Paste)  for  destroying  all  leaf-eating 

insects.  3/-  per  lb.,  post  free.     I  lb.  sufficient  for 

'25  gallons  of  water. 
Extract  of  Quassia  Insecticide.— 1  gallon.  5/-,  carriage 

paid  on  .s  gallons.     Pint,  2/6,  post  free. 
Compound  Extract  of  Quassia  Tobacco  Insecticide.— 

Pint.  2/6  :    quart.  47-.   post  free. 

THE  ACME  CHEMICAL  CO.,  LTD., 

TONBRIDGE,     KENT. 


^^  Ready  to  lay 

-"wlthoot delay.  Notamng 

-no  painting— no  bother  at 

all.       Long  lasting  —  time  and 

weatherproof  —  clean  to  handle  -far 

better  than  tarred  felt.      Of  Hardware 

Merchants  everywhere. 


I  Samples    The  Ruberoid  Co..  Ltri. 

Free.  (Dpt.5).  81.KnightriderSt..aC. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every    Garden    should  bave  its    BeehiTe- 

Profitable,   easy   to    manage,   and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Send   fnr    Illusfrated   Catalogue   with 
Adx'ice  to  Beginners — Post  Free. 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 
Welvtfyn,    Herts. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA-   Lawn  sand  soicfume. 

NlCOnriE   INSECTICIDES. FUMEBS.SPI1AYS.AHD  OTHEO  CHEMICALS 

»N0  Sundries    see  ust.  Please  ask  your  agekt  for  the  eureka 

ARTICLES -TMEY  ARE  ALWAYS  SATISFACTORY     IF  ANY  DIFFICULTY 
.,   OBTAINING    we  SEND  DIRECT,    CARRtAOE  PAIf 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

K"    Jf    K- 

THE    BEST   AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,      and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy 


Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 

State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 

RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Ri.ynl     Potlcru's 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM. 


lets  there  |"i 

I  <ind  makes  the  Garden  TRArj^i 
jiay  all  the  yeai"  round  -'-^"^^  »;^- 


Sold  CTerywhere  for  Horticultural  purposes  In  PACKETS  lOd.  ft  1/6,  and 
In  BRANDED  A  SEALED  BAGS:  7  lbs..*/-:  14  lbs..  7/-:  28  lbs..  12/.;  56  lbs..  33/-;  112  lbs..  lO/-:  or 
dlr6c:t  from  tbc  Works.  Carriage  Paid  in  tbe  United  Kingdom  for  Casb  with  Order  (except  PACKETSl. 


CLAY    &    SON.    Manure  M"-.=' &  Bone  Crushers.  STRATFORD.  LONDON  E 


THE 


MAY  9  -  1921 


GARDEN 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2578. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y..  Post  Office 


Saturday,   April    16,   1921 


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MERRYWEATHER'S  ROSES 


FOR  THE   GARDEN ! 
FOR   BEDS! 


FOR  EXHIBITION! 
FOR   EVERYWHERE! 


A    SPRING    FLOWERING     MAGNOLIA    IN    BUD. 


Also    Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 

H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

Bentley's  Specialities 

WEED     DESTROYERS 

DAISY     KILLER    (Lawn    Sand) 

INSECTICIDES 

FUNGICIDES 

FUMIGANTS 

FERTILISERS 

Catalogue     on     Application. 

Sole  Manufacturers :  JOSEPH    BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
Chemical    Works,    BARROW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 

ORCHIDS 

of   vigorous  bab!t  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Esteblisbment 

is      cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     end    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied       for      the      good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  CO., 


VERT'S  HOLLYHOCKS 

Chater's  Original  and  Unrivalled  Gold   Medal  Strain. 

Herbaceous   Borders  are  not  complete  without   this  stately  subject. 


We  offer,  for  April  planting,  strong  healthy  plants  to  pro- 
vide a  grand  panorama  of  gorgeous  colour  ranging  from  white 
to  almost  black  during  the  coming  Summer  and  Autumn. 

List  post  free  on  application. 

JAMES  VERT  &  SONS,  SAFFRON  WALDEN,  ESSEX. 


THE     GARDEN. 


TAPRIL     ifi,     I02I. 


"THE    GARDEN'    CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Chafflpion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of   England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
otall  kinds.  Sendfor 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS    AND     FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 
ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY    ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKlNb 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFKRIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetables,  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


ARTINDALE'S      HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on  ^application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The   finest  stock  in   the   country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.i 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All  Qarden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


HY.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 
Skeldergate  Bridge  Works, 
YORK. 


Lawn,  Qarden, 
Fruit  Tree,  and 
Horticultural 
Fertilisers 


CORRY   &   CO.,   Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL    ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS, 
NORWICH 


Ltd. 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG    &    CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
In  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.    WALLACE   &    CO., 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Ltd. 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 
Alexandra's  Cup  for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  1912. 


J.   CHEAL   &   SONS,   Ltd. 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No. :  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  c.trry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


PULMAM  ®  SOTS 

.-\fPOI>JTMr:Nl    TO  ni^  MXJCSTi" 


G2>^rrlen 

Crcvftsnifn  ■ 


71   NEWMAN   ST    QXTORD  ST-     romial  Garde.J5  ■ 

LONDON  ■  w  ^!!S,'."fS^,SS: 

NURSERIES  -BLSENHAM- ESSEX         F!.Jiir-c>.:^undiah-i 


Mr.  wm.  .\CW0RTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Carden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List   No.   42 

Post  Free 


Gold  Queen  and  other  Hollies. 

WM.  PAUL  &  SON  beg  to  call  attention  to 
the  large  and  fine  stock  of  HOLLIES 
growing  at  their  Longhton  Nursery 
(G.E.R.,  12  miles  from  London),  com- 
prising Gold  Queen,  Silver  Queen  and 
otlier  golden  and  silvcr-leax'ed  kinds 
2  to  6  feet  high,  also  broad-leaved  and 
other  green  varieties  2  to  8  feet,  and  a  fine 
stock  of  Common  Green  Hollies  5  to  8  ft. 

Prices,   which   are  very   iiwderate,  will  be 
quoted  on  application. 


Wm.  PAUL  &  SON,  Waltham  Gross,  Ltd., 

WALTHAIVI     CROSS,     HERTS. 


How   many  persons  spend  pounds  on  the  pur-' 
chase  of  plants,   &c.,  for  their  gardens,   but    ■ 
what  do  they  spend  on  their  upkeep  ?     Plants  are  liUe    ' 
animals,  they  must  be  suitably  housed  and  supplied 
with  the  substances  which  form  the  raw  materials 
with  which  thi  y  manufacture  their  own-food.    There 
is  no  such  thing  as  plant  food,  the  popular  erroneous 
idea.     The   supply  of  raw  materials   is   insufficient    : 
without  suitable  conditions  of  soil,  moisture,  air  and    i 
temperature,  which  vary  with  the  different  subjects 
grown.     A  CONSULTATION   and   the  purchase  of  the 
right     horticultural     knowledge    always     result     in 
better  results  at  less  expenditure  and  a  permanent 
amelioration,  as   can   be   testified    by  recently   suc- 
cessful   clients. 

Mr.    C.    A.    JARDINE,    Ccnsuhing  Horticultural  Expert, 
do  "  The  Garden,"  20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


APRIL     l6,     I92I. 


GARDEN. 


ise. 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DRONS,  Azaleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Clunese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants 
Water  Lilies,  Border  Chrysanthemums,  Bedding  Plants,  Dahlias, 
Violas,  etc.— John  Waterer,  Sons  At  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
•^urrey,  TwT.ford,  Berks  and  London. 


WATERERS'  VEGETABLE   AND  FLOWER 

•^EEDS,   Scotch  grown  seed  Potatoes. 


WATERERS'  ALPINE  AND  HERBACEOUS 

PLANTS,   in  the   new  and  leading  varieties  of  Delphiniums, 
t'hlose^,  Irises. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND    GLAZING 

—■•  VITRO  LITE  ••  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
;aIL  Cans  extra.  "  Piastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/^  per 
!Wt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins.  3/6  each:  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
—Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  &  SONS,  Grove  Works, 
IJattersea,    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,    including    Himalayan   and 

Jhinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Reuthe,  Keston, 
ICent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE. 

—The    only     reliable    and    complete    substitute     for     Stable 
manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive   List 

uf  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  liandsome  coloured  plate, 
(kl.  post  free. — The  Bukbaqe  Nurseries,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established  1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  WM.  DnNOAN  Tuckek  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


LAWN  GRASS  SEED— RYDERS  MIXTURES 

for  all  purposes  —  for  Sunny  Lawns,  Shady  Lawus,  Putting 
Greens.  Tennis  Lawus,  Cricket  Grounds  and  Bowling  Greens. 
From  40/-  per  bushel ;  smaller  quantities  in  proportion.  Write 
for  list.— Ryder  &.  Son  (1920).  Ltd.,  St.  Albans. 

MINIATURE     JAPANESE     GARDENS     of 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  Also  Japanese  miniature 
figures,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
this  paper.— Fereest  &  Ward,  84,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C.3. 


SCOTCH    SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlothian 
Early,  6/-  ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6  ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6  ■,  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6 ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzcll  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Early,  4/6  ;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— TiLLiE,  Whyte  &  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/.  ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  Ac.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MoDouQALL  Bkos.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street.  Man- 
chester.   Established  1845. 


BIRDS    DEFIED.— Rotless   Tanned  Netting, 

unequalled.     Supplied  bv  us  to  Royal  Gardens.      50  by  1  yd 
7/-,    9/6,  13/-;  2  yds.,  14/-,  19/-,  26/-;  3  yds.,  21/-,  28/6.  39/-'-; 
4  yds.,  28/-,  38/-,  52/-  ;    25  by  8  yds,,  28/-,  38/-,  52/-.     Carriage 
paid. — Hawthorn,  Dept.  E,  Shrewsbury. 


VIOLETS. — Strong  rooted  plants,   "  Princess 

of  Wales,  25,  3/6  ;  50,  5/- ;  100,  8;-.  .Marie  Louise  and  Double 
While.  25,  4/6;  50,7/6;  100,12/-.  Carriage  paid.— BEAMULE- 
BrET  NCRSERIES.  Bude.  Cornwall. 

HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied 
Vanguard,  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers  Pipes 
Joint-*,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free.— Thomas  Jeavons' 
Silver  Street  Works,  Bricrlcy  Hill. 

HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid.—"  COUNTRY  Life,"  OIBces,  20.  Tavistock 
■•street,   Covent  Garden,    W.C.2. 


BARR'S  VEGETABLE  &  FLOWER  SEEDS, 

of  finest  selected  strains  and  tested  growth.  Descriptive  cata- 
logue, including  a  select  list  of  tiie  best  Scotch  and  English 
grown  seed  Potatoes  free. 


BARR'S  HARDY  PERENNIALS,  ALPINES, 

ROCK    PLANTS,    AQUATICS,    CLIMBERS,    Ac,    for   Spring 
planting.     Catalogue  free. 


BARR'S   BEAUTIFUL  LILIES,  GLADIOLI, 

CANNAS,  MONTBRETIAS,  TIGRIDIAS,  BEG0NI.\S, 
TUBEROSES,  Ac,  for  Spring  planting.  Catalogue  free. — 
Baer  &  Sons,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London. 

THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Kigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  1  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  Douglas,  Great 
Bookliam. 

JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories,  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL       FOR       COUNTRY 

HOUSES, — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  Sl^ate  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   and    WIRE   FENCING   for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BOULTON  &.  PAUL,  Ltd., 
ilanufacturers,  Norwicli. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Cole  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
i -gal Ion,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gal!ons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  k  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  ;  McDoUQALL 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,   VINES, 

Fig-s.  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  in\ited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains   all   the   latest    novelties    in    flowers  and    vegetables 

including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral   Beatty.  List  gratis  on 

application.     Pamphlet  on   Fruit  Culture   for  Ijd.   postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pa\'ings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — Hodson  &  Son,  58,  Castlegate 
Nottingham. 


WELLS'     CHRYSANTHEMUMS. —Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratives  for  flowering  in  the  greenhouse, 
November  and  December,  5/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  in  May,  to  bloom  from 
August  till  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  in  25  varieties  for  30/-. 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application. — W.  WELLS  &  Co., 
Merstham,  Surrey. 

FLOWER  POTS.— 10  8in.,   15  6in.,   15  5in., 

15  4in3.,  15  Sins.,  complete,  packed  free,  153.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  se^kale  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — THOS.  JEAT0N3,  Potteries,  Brierley 
Hill. 


MALMAISON    CARNATIONS,   "Princess    of 

Wales,"  in  3,^-in.  pota,  strong  aud  l>ushy  plants  ready  for  their 
flowering  pois,  18/-  per  dozen,  packed  and  carriage  paid. — 
Geo.  \Vest.  The  Nursi  ries,  Datchet,  Bucks. 

CHOICE  ALPINES  and  other   Hardy   Plants 

for  present  planting.  Good  col'-ections  at  reduced  prices 
Catalogue  on  application. — Miss  DuCanb,  Mountains,  Witham, 

Essex. 


SUTTON'S  FLOWER  SEEDS. 

BE.4UTIFUL    ANNU.\LS. 

WORTHY  or  A  PLACE  IN  EVEEY  GARDEN. 

Visitors  to  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Show  of  Aui:nst  24th 

last  will  remember  our  flue   exliibit  of  Ani.nals  which  was 

awarded  a  Gold  Medal. 

Collections  of  Hardy  Annuals,  5/6,  10/-,  15/-,  20/- 
SUTTON  &   SONS,  THE   KING'S   SEEDSMEN,    READING 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  PLANT  KELWAY'S 

LOVELY  GLADIOLI  for  spring  planting.  Our  reputation  as 
growers  of  these  beautiful  autumn-flowering  bulbs  extends  over 
a  period  of  sixty  years,  and  as  our  bulbs  are  of  our  own  growing 
at  Langport,  customers  are  assured  of  fine  hardy  specimens.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  remind  prospective  buyers  of  the  glorious  com- 
binations of  colour  which  are  now  obtainable,  more  especially  in 
our  Langprim  strain,  but  we  should  ad\1se  writing  at  once  for 
our  price  list  to  the  Retail  Plant  Deparlnitnt,  Kiiway  &  Son, 
Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


BATH'S  SELECT  SEEDS   AND   PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  E.  H.  Bath 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech.  ' 


WALLACE'S       GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens."  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  tree. — R.   WALLACE  &  Co.,  LTD.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.       Catalogue    (No.    4)    free.— 
MOORTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,   Chiswick. 


CRANSTON'S  FAMOUS  ONIONS  :  ready  for 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autumn-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Rousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants. 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Oflenham,  Wheeler's  Imperial,  Red 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application, — KlNQ'8 
Acre  Nurseries,  Ltd.,  Hereford  (late  Cranston's). 


RUSTIC    STONE     CRAZY     PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  etc.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  atone.  Trade  enquiries  invited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  et*. — Gilliam  (Garden  Dept.),  Wellesley  Court 
Road,  Croydon. 


ALPINES    FOR     PRESENT     PLANTING.— 

Anemone  Pulsatilla,  Aster  sub-cieruleu?,  Corjdalis  cheilanthi- 
folla,  Erythrsa  Massoni,  Hypericum  coris,  Mazus  rugosus, 
Phlox  reptans,  Primula  buileyana,  P.  Julise,  Sax.  aizoon  pectinata 
S.  Bathoniensis,  S.  Elizabethfe.  Any  6,  4s.  9d. ;  12,  8s.  9d. 
Carriage  paid.  Catalogue  free. — Eowell  and  Skarratt, 
Nurseries,  Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S  "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDB  "  Sheets "  for  greenhouse  fumigation ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
McDougall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


PRIMULA    JAPONICA,    tall    Crimson,   large 

plants,  9d. ;   smaller.  4d.      Post  paid  on   orders   above  2/6. — 
ElpSINSTONE    Carberry,  Musselburgh. 


FOR  SALE,  LE  VALNORD,  GUERNSEY  ; 

three  reception  rooms,  four  bidroonis,  attics,  etc.  ;  in  about 
five  acres. — Apply  A.  Martin  &  Son,  Estate  Agents,  Guernsey 

PLANT  NOW,  PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS, 

strong  plants,  10/6  per  doz.  ;  hi  >t  named  var.,  '20/-  per  25, 
£3  103.  per  ipo,  cash  carriage  paid.— Vasder  Sluys,  F.R  H.S. 
Guerasey. 


)V. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April   ifi,    1921. 


33rcl     SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Post    Free,  or    carriage    paid    passenger   train.        Packing    free,    no    delay.       24/-    worth    for    20'-'      l-ots    can    be 
divided.       Please  add  4d.   extra   For  orders    under   3/-,   to    help    meet   high    rate   of    postage.        Cash    with    order. 
Plant    now    for    success.      Splendid    strong,    hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year. 


HARDY     PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Achillea,  The  Pearl,  double  white,  6,  1/4.  Achillea,  Perry's 
White,  4,  1/6.  Achillea,  New  Cerise  Queen,  4,  1/ft.  Agros- 
temma,  Flos  joirs,  Crimson,  6,  1/4.  Alyssum  compactum. 
Gold  Dust,  12,  1/6.  Alpine  Pinks,  various  colours,  12,  1/6. 
Alstromeria,  Peruvian  Flame  Lily,  4,  1/i.  Anchusa 
myosotisiflora,  dwarf  rockery,  etc.,  masses  deep  gentian 
blue,  3,  1/6.  Aconitum  Fischerl,  rich  blue,  enormous 
blooms,  3,  1/6.  Anemone  japonica,  white  or  pink,  4,  1/6. 
Aquilegia,  long  spurred ,  new  art  shades  and  pure  yellow,  6,  1  /4. 
Aquilegia,  doubh;  and  single  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Aubrietia,  massr^s 
rich  purple,  12,  1/6.  Auricula,  alpine  and  show,  6, 1/6.  Aster, 
perennial,  best  named,  3,  1/6.  Aster,  perennial,  good  mixed, 
6,    1/6.     1-year  old  plants. 

Brompton  Stocks,  all  colours,  6,  1/4.      1-year  old  plants. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  rooted  cuttings,  best  named,  for 
house  or  garden,  summer,  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  any  colour 
or  mixed,  6,  1/6.  Campanulas,  dwarf  carpatica,  masses  of 
bIoom,blue  or  white, 4, 1/4.  Campanula  persicifolia  and  grandis, 
tall,  4,  1/4.  Campanula  Walilenbergia,  large  Clematis-flowered, 
4,  1/4.  Campanula  macrantha,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Cam- 
panula pyramldalis,  handsome  chimney  bell  flower,  two  year  old 
plants,  blue  or  white,  3,  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  lovely  hybrids, 
12, 1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  double  pink,  white  and  blue,  6, 1/4. 
Canterbury  Bells,  cup  and  saucer,  6,  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells, 
lovely  large  pink  or  white  singles,  12, 1/6.  Candytuft,  perennial , 
4,  1/4.  Carnation  Grenadin,  scarlet  or  white  or  mixed,  good. 
4,  1/6.  Carnation  Margaret,  flne  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Carnation, 
good  double  border,  all  colours,  separate,  6,  1/6.  Centaurea 
montana,  large  perennial  Cornflower,  blue  or  white,  6,  l/A. 
Cerastium,  snow  in  summer,  12,  1/6.  Cheddar  Pinks,  tru<  , 
6,  1/4.  Christmas  Roses,  large  roots,  2,  1/4.  Chrysanthe- 
mum maximum,  Mrs.  L.  Bell,  Market  Favourite,  etc.,  6,  1/4. 
Chinese  Pinks,  lovely  colours,  12,  1/6.  Coreopsis  grandl- 
flora,  6.  1/4.  Cornflowers,  Kelway's  double  blue,  12,  1/4. 
Cowslips,  red  hybrids,  6,  1/4.  Crucianella,  pink  rockery, 
etc.,  S,  1/4. 

Dactylis,  silver  ribbon  grass,  6, 1/4.  Daisies,  new  Monstrosa, 
enormous  double  red  or  white,  12, 1/4.  Delphinium  formosum 
and  finest  hybrids,  3,  1/6.  Delphinium,  Lize  Van  Veen, 
enormous  pare  blue,  large  plants.  1/- each.  DianthusdeltoiJes, 
creeping,  crimson,  6,  1/4.  Dianthus,  Kelway's  lovely  named 
varieties,  separate  colours  or  mixed,  12, 1/6.  Dielytraspectabills, 
Bleeding  Heart,  2.  1/9. 

Erigeron  (stenactes),  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Erigeron,  mw 
Quakeress,  flne,  3.  1/6.  Erigeron,  n^w  large  salmon,  2,  1/6. 
Eupatorium,  white,  6,  1/4.  Evening  Primrose,  dwarf,  4,  1/4. 

Forget-me-nots,  best  large  flowering  dwarf,  dark  or  light 
blue,  15,  1/4.  Foxgloves,  purple,  white,  spotted,  etc.,  12,  1/4. 
French  Marguerites,  all  colours.  6.  1/6. 

Qaillardia  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Qeum  Mrs,  Bradshaw  {two 
year  old),  2,  1/4.  Qeum  Glory,  double  scarlet,  4,  1/4. 
Gladiolus,  best  named,  large  bulbs,  scarlet,  white,  pink,  fiame, 
yellow,  salmon,  maroon,  violet,  blue  and  splendid  new  hybrids, 
6,  1/4.  Qypsophila  glabrata,  dwarf  rockery,  6,  1/4. 
Qypsophila  paniculata  (gauze  flower),  6,  1/6.  Qypsophila 
Rokejeka,  pink,  4,  1/4. 

Helenium  Blgelowi,  Hooperil,  autumnal,  etc.,  6.  1/4. 
Heleniunn  Riverton  Gem  and  Beauty,  4,  1/6.  Helianthus, 
perennial  Sunflower,  double  or  single,  12,  1/6.  Hemerocallis, 
large  flowering,  yellow  and  orange  red  Lily,  4,  1/4.  Heuchera 
sanguinea,  scarlet,  4, 1/4.  Hollyhock,  Kelway's  doubles,  4,  1/6. 
Hollyhock,  single,  all  colours,  6,  1/6.  Honesty,  crimson  or 
white,  12,  1/6.     Hypericum  St.  John  Wort,  6,  1/6. 

Iceland  Poppy,  Excelsior  strain,  6, 1/4  Incarvillea,  large  rich 
carmine,  3,  1/6.  Iris,  large  flowered  Japanese,  4,  1/4.  Iris, 
large  flag,  splendid  large  flowering  white,  mauve,  blue,  purplu, 
yeUow,  4,  1/6  ;   mixed,  6,  1/6. 

Kniphofla,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/4. 

Lilies,  hardy  Tiger,  3. 1/4.  Lily  of  the  Valley,  largo,  6,  1/4. 
Linum,  blue  perennial  Flax,  8,  1/4.  Linaria  dalmatica, 
yellow,  6,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalls,  hybrids,  6,  1/6.  Lobelia 
cardinahs.  Queen  Victoria,  4,  1/4.  London  Pride,  rockery, 
6,1/4.  Lupins  poiyphyllus,  white,  blue.  6,  1/4.  Lupin,  pink, 
4,  1/4.  Lupin  Tree,  yellow  or  white,  3,  1/6.  Lupins,  mixed 
colours,  12,  1/0.     Lychnis,  scarli^t.  salmon,  crimson,  6,  1/4. 

Mtohaelmas  Daisies,  good.  large  flowering,  named  sorts,  3, 
1/6;  mixed,  6,  1/6.     Montbretia,  brilliant  spikes,  12,  1/6. 

Periwinkle,  large  blue,  4,  1/6.  Pansles,  splendid  large 
flowering  Bugnot's  Superb,  Bismarck,  Britannia,  Masterpiece, 
Cassiers,  Odiers,  etc.,  12,  1/4.  Pansies,  bedding  white,  yellow. 
blue,  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden.  12,  1/4.  Papaver  Oriental 
Queen,  Apricot  Queen,  Salmon,  etc.,  6,  1/6.  Papaver  Orient;U. 
scarlet  and  crimson,  6,  1/4.  Peas,  Everlasting,  red.  pink, 
./hite,  4,  1/4.  Physalis,  giant  Capp  Goosebprry,  6,  1/4.  Pinks, 
favourite  double  white,  6,  1/4.  Pinks,  Mrs.  Simklns,  3,  1/4. 
Pinks,  coloured,  fragrant.  12,  1/6.  Pinks,  Japanese, 
larpe  fringed,  12,  1/6.  Polemonium,  blue,  6.  1/4.  Phlox, 
arge      flowering,      best      named,      pink,      =alraon,      ^rarlfi. 


wliitf,  crimson,  purplf,  white  and  cerise,  3,  1/6;  mixed, 
4,  1/4.  Polyanthus,  Kelway's  border,  6,  1/4.  Polyanthus, 
Primrose,  rich  colours,  6,  1/6.  Poppy,  Shirley,  art  shades, 
9,1/4.  Potentilla,  double  crimson,  6,  1/6.  Primula 
denticulata  superba,  large  clumps,  1,  1/-.  Primulas,  lovely 
hardy  varieties  for  rockery  and  damp,  shady  places,  many 
beautiful  varieties,  assorted,  4,  1/4.  Pentstemon ,  scarlet  and 
large  flowering  varieties,  6,  1/6.  Paonies  large  pink,  crimson, 
white,  yellow,  2.  1/4.  Pyrethrum,  Kelway's  hybrids,  6,  1/6. 
Pyrethrum,  .Tames  Kehvay,  large,  single,  st-arlct,  3.  1/6. 
Polyanth'js  Primrose,  large,  yi-Ilow  an  1  wjitr,  G,  1/4. 

Ribbon  Qrass,  variegated,  6,  1/4.  Rose  of  Sharon,  4,  1/4. 
Rose   Campion,   crimson,   12.    1/6.      Rocket,    sweet,  6;  1/4. 

Salvia  pratensis,  spikes  purple,  4,  1/4.  Saponariaocymoiues 
pink  dwarf,  6, 1/4.  Saxifraga,  choice  assorted,  6, 1/6.  Sedums, 
choice  assorted,  6, 1/4.  Scabious,  sweet,  double,  8, 1/4.  Scabious 
Caucasica,  large  mauve,  3,  1/6.  Shasta  Daisy,  wlute,  6,  1/4. 
Silene  compacta,  dwarf  pink,  15. 1/6.    SpTrea  palra:itA,  scarlet, 

2.  1/4.  Stachya,  Jjamb's-wool,  6,  1/4.  Solidago,  Golden 
Wings,  6,  1/6.  Sweet  Williams,  Kelway's  Pink  Beauty 
and  Scarlet  Beauty,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  William  Diadem, 
auricular  eyed  and  good  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Star  of  Bethlehem, 
6,   1/4. 

Tussilago  fragrans,  very  fragrant,  hardy  winter  helio- 
trope, 4,  1/4.  Trollius,  early  golden  globe  flower,  6,  1/6. 
Thistle  Queen  of  Scots,  from  the  original  at  Fotheringay  Castle, 
3, 1/4.  Thalictrum,  hardy  Maiden  Hair,  4,  1/4.  Thrift,  com- 
pact, pink  flowering,  12,  1/6.   Tritome,  Red-hut  Poker,   3,   1/4. 

Verbascum,  tall  yellow,  4  1/4.  Verbascum,  dwarf,  lovely 
colours,  6,  1/6.  Valerian,  red,  6,  1/4.  Veronica,  beautiful 
blue,  6,  1/6.  Viola  cornuta,  gem  for  rockery,  white,  mauve, 
purple,  blue,  12,  1/6.  Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  yellow,  white, 
blue,  purple,  12,  1/6.  Viola  Majjgie  Mott.  large  mauvr  rooted 
cuttings,  6,    1/4. 

STRONG    HARDYi:;CLIMBERS. 

Clematis  \ifalb3.  Travell'^r's  Joy,  1.  2,-.  Polygonum, 
haldschuaaii-um.  vrry  handsome,  rapid  climber,  grac  ful 
leathery  flowors  from  every  slioot.  1,  1/6. 

Eccremocarpus,  clusters,  orange  red  flowers,  3,  1  /4 . 
Calystegia,  double  pinic,  morning  glory,  3,  1/6.  Passion 
Flower,  liardy  blue  and  white.  2,  1/4.  Tuberous-rooted 
Wistaria  (not  Sinensis)  2,  1/4.  Tropseolum  speciosa,  scarlet 
flame  flower,  3  1/6. 

STRONG  VEGETABLE  AND  HERB  PLANTS. 

Spring  Cabbage,  winter  Onions,  Lettuce,  LeeKs,  Pickling 
Cabbage,  100,  1/9;  30i»,  4/6;  Chives,  perennial  Onions, 
20.  1  /4.  Rhubarb,  best  named  red  varieties,  6,  1  /4. 
Sea  Kale,  12,  1/9.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint.  Marjoram, 
6,  1/4.  Parsley,  best  curled,  12,  1/4.  Celery  Seedlings, 
waite  and  pink,  inu,  1/0  ;    200,  2/i. 

SPLENDID  STRONG  TRANSPLANTED  PLANTS  FOR  COOL 
HOUSE,  SUMMER  BEDDING,  etc 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia  Flc 
Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailing,  3,  1/6.  Asparagus 
Fern,  Plumosa,  erect,  2,  1/9.  Begonias,  Salmon  Queen,  Rose 
Queen,  Crimson  magnifaca  and  scarlet  Prima  Donna,  4,  1/4. 
Beauty  Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Calceolarias,  her- 
baceous,  very  good,  6,  1/6.  Cannas,  Crozy's  splendid  hybrids, 
4,  1/6.  Celsia  critica,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Cineraria, 
large     exhibition   6,     1/4.       Cyclamen,     very    choice    strain, 

3,  i/6.  Eucalyptus,  blue  gum,  6,  1/4.  Fuchsia,  choice 
doubles  assort^-d,  4, 1/6,  Qeraniums,  scented  Oak  leaf,  3,  1/6. 
Heliotrope,  large  fragrant,  4, 1/6.  Lobelia,  cardinalls  Queen  Vic- 
toria, scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalls, 
beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Marguerites,  large  wlilte,  6,  1/6. 
Marguerites,  large  yellow,  6,  1/6.  Marguerites,  lovely  blue, 
6,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  red  or  wliite,  6,  1/4.  Primula 
oixionica,  lovely  new  giant  hybrids,  3, 1/6.  Primula  coriusoides, 
rosy  purple,  4,  1/4.  Primula  Kewensis,  bright  yellow,  4,  1/4. 
Rehmannia,  large  pink  trumpet,  3,  1/6.  Salvia  Pride  of 
Zurich,  scarlet,  4,  1/6.  Salvia  cocclnea,  brilliant  scarlet,  4. 
1/4.  Mother  of  Thousands,  hancing,  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus, 
Wisetonleusi^,  6,  1/4.  Smilax,  trailing.  4.  1/4.  Strepto- 
carpus,  large  new  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Primula,  rusea,  grandi- 
flora, lovely,  1,  1/-.  Streptocarpus,  lovely  Cap-  Primrose, 
many  rich  colours,  large  tubuiai-  iiio-iM.ms.  evergreen  perennial 
almost  peipr-tual  flowering,  a  gnu  lor  ]n>ts,  3,  1/6. 

Cobea  scandens,  hindsomr.  rapid  eliraber,  lar.'o  purple 
ilowiTs.  :i.  1/6, 

Qloxinias,  started  bulbs,  2, 1/4. 

SWEET      PEA      PLANTS. 

Separate  colours,  20,  1/6  ;  mi.Kcd,  b  st  large  flowering,,  waved, 
.tc,  30,  1/6. 

Tomato  pbnts,  strong,  sturdy,  transplanted  Market 
Favourites,  Sunrise,  etc.,  6,  1/6. 


CATALOGUE       FREE. 


MRS.   PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


CHEALS' 

DAH  LIAS 

The  best  only  in  each  section. 


New    Illuslraled    Catalogue    Free. 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
The  Nurseries, 

CRAWLEY. 


SeectPi  ^ 


BIQ   SLUMP   IN   SCOTCH    SEED 

GUARANTEED     SCOTCH     GROWN 

We  Guarantee  all  Seed  sold  as  Scotch  to  be  direct  fron 
Scotland  thia  season.  The  Scottish  Board  of  Agricultun 
Certificate  Number  will  be  given  with  all  Scotch  seed  orders. 


IMMUNES. 

1121b. 
.<.  d. 
20     0 


SCOTCH. 


561b. 
s.  d. 
11     0 


281b. 

s.  a. 

6     0 


141b. 
5.  d. 
3     6 


Tib 
i.  d 
2     i 


^1     0     11     0       ()     0 


IMMUNES,    SCOTCH. 

25     0        13     0       7     0 


nargill  Earlv . . 
Witch  Hill  '  . . 
.■\rran  Rose 
lidzell  Blue    . . 
Great  Scot 
Ally     . . 
King  Georgi-  .  , 
Arran  Comraii-- 
The  Bishop    . . 
.Majestic 
Arran  Victor.v 
Kerr's  Pink    . . 
Lochar 
Templar 
Grolden  Wonder 
Langworthy    . . 
Abundance     .. 
Tinwald  Perfection 
••  K.  of  K."  (English) 

NON 

Myatt's  Ashleaf 
May  Queen    . . 
Duke  of  York 
-Midlothian  Early 
Ninetyfold 
Puritan 

Sliarpe's  Express 
Sir  John  Llewellyn 
Early  Eclipse 
Epicures 
British  Queen 
Up-to-Dates    . . 
Arran  Chief    . . 
Dalhousie 
Iron  Duke 
King  Edwards 
Early  Kose(  English) 
Ringleader  Do. 

Pink  Hebron     Do- 
Eating  Potatoes 
All  E^ound  Manure 
(our  own  mi-viO! 

C.\KBIAGE  PAID    PASSENGER  RATES. 

Seeds  and  Manure  can  be  sent  carriage  paid,  but  sufficient 
sum  must  be  included-  It  is  much  cheaper  to  send  any  wcigllt 
up  to  2Slb.  bv  passenger  than  goods. 

1121b.        561b.        281b.       141b.        7Ib. 
3    3 


)       20     0        11     0        15     0       :i     0       2     0 


Up  to  30  miles 
Up  to  50  miles 
Up  to  100  miles 
Up  to  200  miles 
Over     200  mile; 


10 


561b. 
2     4 

2  6 

3  6 

4  6 

5  10 


281b. 
1     9 

1  11 

2  1 
2  4 
2  11 


141b. 
1  4 
1  6 
1  7 
1  9 
1   11 


Carriage  by  goods  train  is  payable  by  the  Customer  on  delivery. 

Send  for  our  Illustrated  List  and  Guide. 

Wc  guirantec  to  load  withiu  24  honra  of  receiving  order. 

TOM  E.  HING,  Ltd., 
Somersham,  St.  Ives,  Hunts. 

Contractors  to  Bis  Majesty's  CovcrDment. 


J^m  e>  Mi/iic/ 


April  i6,   ly^i.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


V. 


BRITAIN'S    BEST    BULBS. 

Place  your  order  now  to  ensure  First  Class  Flowering  Bulbs  for  Autumn  Planting. 

Four  times  we  have  competed  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Dry  Bulb  Show,  and  on  each  occasion 
were    awarded    FIRST    PRIZE. 

We  hold  a  huge  stock  of  all   the  best  varieties  and  can  supply  Fine  Healthy  Bulbs  at  Reasonable  Prices 
The  following  are  a  few  of  our  SPECIAL  LINES  which  all  enthusiasts  should  7iot  fail  to  plant : — 


Carnival — Incompapabilis  (Eagk-hoart). — One  of  the  most 
cliarmioL:  and  i:rac<ful  decorative  flowers  yet  seen,  closely 
nsembliu^  Frank  Miks  In  form,  but  differing  in  colour,  ha\-ing 
a  bright  lemon  perianth  and  clear  glowing  orange-red  cup. 
A.M.,  Birmingham,  1915        . .  . .         30/-  doz. ;  3/-  each 

Croesus — Incomparabilis. — -This  famous  flower  is  still  the 
finest  riclily  coloured  Incomparabilis,  and,  beinti  of  \igorous 
and  fnie  increase,  is  now  listed  at  comparatively  a  very 
moderate  price  15/-  each 

Crystal  (Copeland). — A  very  fine  and  distinct  fiiant  Leedsii, 
having  symmetrical  flat  overlapping  pointed  pure  white 
perianth  and  hold  clear  lemon  cro'U'n  of  almost  equal  length 
with  the  segments.  A  fine  show  bloom,  the  flower  has  great 
substance  and  lasts  a  long  time  in  good  condition 

20/-  doz. ;  2/-  each 

Donax.  A  beautiful  novelty  of  great  substance ;  a  charming 
garden   flower  10/-  each. 

Dragoon  (Williams).  Undoubtedly  one  of  the  most  brilliantly 
coloured  Narcissi  extant.  Flower  as  large  as  Albatross,  with 
fine  spreading  white  perianth  of  good  substance  and  large 
shallow  spreading  crown  of  clear,  bright  vermilion,  very 
striking.  A  tall  and  robust  plant.  To  get  the  colour  at  its 
best  the  flower  should  he  cut  young  . .  . .  20/-  each 

Firetail  (Crosfl-'kl). — Without  doubt  the  finest  red-cro-micd 
Barrii  yet  seen.  A  plant  of  rapid  increase  and  great  vigour, 
producing  flower  stems  of  astonishing  length,  24ins.  is  quite 
usual,  while  we  have  measured  them  as  much  as  27ins.  A 
grand  large  flower  liaving  smooth,  even,  overlapping  pale 
primrose  or  ivory  white  segments,  and  a  wonderful  eye  o 
concentrated  solid  deep  rich  red,  which  retains  its  colou 
in  the  garden  much  better  than  most  highly  coloured  vaiieties 
Undoubtedly  a  flower  with  a  great  future  for  all  purposes. 
A.M.,  R.H.S.,  1920 25/- each 

Harpagon  25/-  each 

Harvest  Moon  (Engleheart). — The  finest  Triandrus  Ajax 
hybrid  yet  otTered,  large  flower  of  remarkable  substance  and 
lasting  quality,  in  colour  most  beautiful  clear,  soft,  luminous 


lemon  througliout,  blooms  always  one  on  a  stem  and  of 
excellent  form,  plant  of  exceptional  vigour,  forming  large 
bulbs.  First  prize  for  nine  blooms  of  a  hew  variety.  R.H.S. 
DaffodU  Show,  1920 30/- each 

Idpis  20/-  each 

Kingcup 5/-  each 

Lady  Primrose  (Engleheart). — A  most  magnificent  bicolour 
trumpit,  a  noble  flower  of  much  dignity  of  bearing  and 
imposing  presence,  having  massive,  slightly  waved  creamy 
white  perianth,  and  immense  gracefully  bell-mouthed,  soft, 
full  primrose  yellow  trumpet.  The  flowers  often  attain  a 
diameter  of  5ins.  and  are  carried  on  lall  stems.  Very  strong 
grower 30/-  each 

Leontes  (A.  1\I.  Wilson). — An  exceedingly  fine  and  very  distinct 
Incomparabilis.  Flower  of  very  good  quality  and  texture, 
having  broad,  smooth  perianth  and  shallow  expanded  cup, 
both  of  a  good  fuU  yellow.  Vigorous  free  habit.  Second 
prize  in  single  bloom  of  Incomparabilis,  Birmingham,  1919, 
and  second  in  similar  class,  K.H.S.,  London,  1920. .      6/-  eacli 

IVlagnificence  (Engleheart).— F.C.C.,  R.H.S.,  March,  1921.— 
This  quite  unique  flower  is  undoubtedly  the  most  sensational 
yellow  Ajax  of  recent  introduction,  flowering  as  it  does  fully 
three  weeks  before  King  Alfred,  earlier  indeed  than  any 
other  yellow  trumpet  in  cultivation.  It  is  a  gorgeously 
coloured  flower  of  largest  size,  sometimes  attaining  a  diameter 
of  5ins. ;  its  spreading  periantli  is  of  decorative  outline  and 
deep  bright  golden  in  colour.  The  feature  of  the  flower  is 
its  marvellous  trumpet,  which  is  of  an  even  more  intensely 
rich  and  glowing  gold  than  the  perianth,  and  has  the  most 
widely  expanded  and  gorgeously  serrated  brim  we  have  ever 
seen.  In  vigour  and  stature  the  plant  with  us  is  comparable 
to  King  Alfred  at  its  best,  but  being  of  Maxinms  descent  we 
would  recommend  that  until  it  becomes  more  plentiful,  it 
should  be  tried  only  where  King  Alfred  is  kno^vTi  to  do  well. 
Only  a  few  bulbs  to  offer £7  10/-  each 

Market  Gem 15'-  doz. :  1/6  <'ach 


Mrs.  Krelage £6  each 

Ringdove  (Crosfield). — From  the  florist's  standpoint  this  is 
one  of  the  finest  poets  yet  seen ;  the  perianth  segments  overlap 
to  such  a  remarkable  degree  as  to  form  an  almost  perfect 
circle  ;  a  most  striking  flower  . .  . .  £3  10/-  each 

Selina  Malone  (Englehtart).- — Certainly  one  of  the  finest 
bicolour  trumpets  yrt  off'ered.  Flowers  of  enormous  size, 
yet  of  beautiful  quaUty,  having  grand,  broad,  smooth  white 
segments  and  noble,  clear,  soft  lemon  trumpet,  grows^  with 
great  vigour,  a  thoroughly  satisfactory  flower 

Vestal  Virgin 

White  Emperor 

White  Knight 

Will  Scarlet 


12/6  each 

. .   15/-  each 

£5  each 

5/-  each 

15/-  doz. ;  1/6  each 


8/. 


GENERAL 
Benardino 
Buttercup 
Firebrand 
King  Alfred 
Lady  M.  Boscawen 
Lucifer 

Madame  de  Qraaff 
Mrs.  R.  Sydenham 
Van  Waverens  Qiant 
Virgil 

Weardale  Perfection 
White  Lady 


COLLECTION. 

3/6  each 

40/-  doz. ;  3/6  each 

2/9  doz. ;  3d.  each 

-  and  10/-  doz.  ;  9d.  and  1/-  each 

12/6  doz. ;  1/3  each 

2/6  doz. 

30/-  100  ;  4/-  doz. 

3/6  each 

10/6  doz. ;  1/-  each 

3/-  doz. ;  4d.  each 

10/-  doz. ;  1/-  each 

18/6  100  ;  2/6  doz. 


SEND     FOR     COMPLETE     CATALOGUE     FREE     ON     APPLICATION. 


DONARD     NURSERY     CO., 


NEWCASTLE,     co.     DONA/N. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

Choice    Saxifrages,    over    70    species    and 

varieties.     Sample   Dozen,  carr.  paid,  10/6. 

Send   for   full    list,  containing   many    New   and 

Rare    Plants,   Free. 

G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 


FREDK. 


ASHTEAD,  SURREY. 


REEOEN'S    SCHOOL   OF    GARDENING 

NEWICK,     SUSSEX. 

A  thoroughly  practical  training  for  ladies  taking 
up  Horticulture  as  a  profession  or  supervise  own 
gardens;  fruit,  flowers,  vegetables,  herbs.  Charming 
House  and  Grounds.    Apply  Principal. 


ANTIRRHINUMS. 

Carnations,  Dianthus,   Dahlias,   Nemesias,  Verbenas, 

Asters,  Stocks,  Salvia,   **  Pride  of  Zurich,"   Pansies, 

Zinnias,    Nicotianas,    etc. 

Write  for  oJtr  1921    List  of  Summer   Bedding   Plants, 
Gratis  and  Post  Free. 

DANIELS  &  SON,  Dept.  G.N.,  Wymondham,  NORFOLK. 


SZ^  /f/j:>  AZ2.'-e3^>y  /7j(:'A!^//2<7:  ' 


Lawn 


jl^      LAWN  ^ 


ANQ 


THE     PIONEERS     OF    ALL    THAT 
IS      BEST      IN      LAWN      MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "  SILENS 
MESSOR"  LAWN 
MOWERS. 


WORLD    RENOWNED 

OVER  A  MILLION  SOLD. 

Green's  New  Century  Lawn  Mower 

The  ideal  Mower  for  small  lawns, 
slopes,   banks, 
etc. 


Motor   Lawn   Mowers 

made  in 
Sizes     12in.    to    42in. 


Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


A?oLuePi; 


May     be     bad     from 

any     Ironmonger     or 

Seedsman       in       the 

United  Kingdom. 


THOMAS  GREEN   &    SON,  Ltd.,  Smithfield  Ironworks,  Leeds,  and  New  Surrey  Works,  Sonthwark  Street,  London,   S.E.I. 


THE     GARDEN. 


|.inillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll|llll|||||||||||||||||||||||||l[: 

I  RYDERS 

I  Gorgeous  Gladiolus.  | 

=     SPECIAL  OFFER  of  first  size,  flowering  bulbs,      = 

—  1  each  of  the  following  splendid  sorts  fop  — 
=             4/6;    3  for  12/6;    6  for  24/-.  = 

=  BRIMSTONE,      pure     lifiht     y.ilow ;      LOVELINESS,  = 

=  beautiful      creamy    white  ;    PANAMA,     a     deeper  — 

—  coloured  America  ;  PEACE,  the  larRest  pure  white  E 

—  above,   the    lower  petals  are  tingeJ   with   lilac;  ::: 

—  PRINCE  OF  SCARLET,  a  most  gorgeous  flower;  = 
^  PRINCEPS,    brilliant    scarlet,    very   large   flow'ers :  ^ 

—  GOLDEN  WEST,  a  wonderful  \  ariety,  the  colour  of  ~ 
=  the  setting  sun  ;  L'IMMACULEE,  the  most  perfect  = 
E  white;  MRS.  FRANK  PENDLETON,  delicjius  soft  = 
=  rose  pink;  ORION,  delicate  light  ros;   rink;    PINK  = 

—  BEAUTY,  glorious  deep  pink,  one  of  the  earliest;  zr 
=  WAR,  deep  blood  red,  shaded  dark  crimson.  ~ 
S              Send  for  FREE  LIST  of  over  300  varieties.  E 

I  RYDERS  GOLD  MEDAL  BEGONIAS 

E  are   of  the  very  finest  strains  and  the  tubers  are 

—  all  of  the  first  size,  ejually  good  for  growing  in 
~  pots  or  for  bedding  out. 

H  DOUBLE  FRINGED,  splendid  mixture  of  all  colours. 

=  Od.   each;  B  for  4;-;   12  for  7,6;  25  for  14/-;  SO 

=  for  2616  ;   100  for  50,'-.  carr.  paid. 

;  SINGLE      FRILLED,    in     separate    colours — White, 

=  Yellow,  Pink.  Crimson,  Scarlet  and  Orange. 

:  8d.  each  ;  6  of  any  one  colour.  S/6  ;  l>  for  6;6;  25 

;  for  12/6  ;  50  for  2S/6  ;   100  for  45/-,  carr.  paid. 

:  SINGLE  CRESTED,  splendid  mixture  of  all  colours. 

:  8d.   each;    6   for  S;6;    12   for  6/-;   25   lor   11/-- 

:  SO  for  21/-;   100  for  40/-,  carr.  raid. 

:  Hyacinthus  candicans,  large  heavy  bulbs,  6  for  2/6, 

;  12  for  4/-. 

J  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN 

—  SEEDS  of  all  kinds,  including  many  unobtainable  elsewhere  ■ 
=  PLANTS.  ROSES.  TREES  and  SHRUBS.  GARDEN  TOOLS 
=  and  other  SUNDRIES.     WRITE  FOR  FREE  LISTS. 

I   RYDERS  (Seed Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS 


[April  i6,   1921. 


^lllllllll 


I  Ryder  £■  Son  (1920)  Ltd.) 

HIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!! 


HYBRID     FREESIAS 

REVISED    PRICES 

ALL    ORDERS    BOOKED    SUBJECT    TO    CROP. 

FOR     EARLY     AUTUMN     DELIVERY. 


Per  Doz. 


Amethyst,  soft  silvery  lilac,  white  throat,  A.M.,  E.H.S. 
Apogee,  pale  primrose,  large  and  well  shaped  flowers. 

A.M.,  E.H.S. 
Appleblossom,  bright  pink,  wliite  centre,  free  flowering 
Bartley  Rose,  rose  pink,  tall  and  very  free  flowerinK, 

A.M.,  R.H.S 

Bartley  Mauve,  A.M., 

season 

Bluebeard,  the 

throat 
Buttercup,  pale  primrose,  strons 

A.M.,  E.H.S ~ 

Chapmanii,  oranj] 


E.H.S.     No  stock  to  offer  this 

nearest  to  blue,  brown  markings  on 

grower,  large  flowers. 


ge  yellow,  golden  blotch  on  lower  petals 
Clouded  Amber,  appropriately  named,  tall  grower,  very 

sweet  scented 
Conquest,  rose  pink,  very  free  flowering,  one  of  the  best 
Dainty,  very  tall,  pale  pink,  deepening  with  age 
Giant,   grey  Ulac,   orange  brown  blotch  on  lower  petals, 

( all  and  strong  grower    . . 
Golden  King,  deep  golden  yellow,  tall,  a  very  free  and 

strong  grower,  A.M.,  E.H.S 


Goldfinch,  deep  golden  yellow,  early.    A.M.,  E.H.S. 
Jubilee,  white  suffused  carmine,  deeper  outside,  vi'ry 
large  flowers 

La  Frappante,  soft  lavender  blue,  with  white  throat  . . 
La  France,  lavender  mauve  with  white  throat,  a  lame 

flower  and  strong  grower,  early,  A.M.,  E.H.S. 
Le  Phare,  bright  carmine,  deepening  with  age,  A.M., 

E.H.S.       , ,  . .  . . 

Mouette,  large  flowers  of  creamy  white  suffused  with 

rose,  the  colour  being  deeper  outside 

Preciosa,  lavender  blue  with  white  throat,   very  free 

flowering   . . 
Red   Beacon,  bright  carmine 
Robinetta,  the  nearest  to  red,  yellow  blotch  on  lower 

.^ei;ment,  the  best  of  its  colour,  A.M.,  R.H.S.     ■ 
5/6    Rosa  Bonheur,  bright  rose  with  deep  yellow  markings 
8/6    Sucess,  bright  golden  yellow 

Treasure,  bright  yellow,  very  fine  large  flowers  . . 
Tubergeni,  carmme  vrith  white  throat,  free  flowering. 

A.M.,  E.H.S ' 


6/- 

10/6 
8/6 

10/- 


12/- 

6/6 
4/6 


10/- 

6/- 
12/6 


Mixed,  all  colours 
Mixed   Hybrids 


r  Doz. 
10/6 

8/6 
8/6 

12/- 

8/6 

8/6 

7/- 
6/- 

9/- 
6/- 

9/- 
12/- 

5/6 
4/6 

3/- 


EXTRACTS     FROM     PRESS     NOTICES:— 


D  u      "^^  "'^  opportunity  of  seeing  an  exhibit  at  the 

K.H.S.  froiji  Mr.  G.  H.  Dalrymple.  Bartley.  Hants,  who 
staged  Ihe  finest  collection  of  these  flowers  I  have  ever  seen. 
The  flowers  were  remarkably  fresh  and  bright,  while  washed- 
out  colours  were  conspicuous  by  their  absence.  The  flowers 
were  large,  and  carried  on  good  stifle,  wirelike  stems.  Their 
fragrance  is  delicate  and  refined.  Several  of  the  varieties 
should  become  very  popular  when  they  get  known,  as  they 
blend  well  tor  vase  arrangements,  and  last  a  long  time  in 
water.    —The  Nurseryman  uiid  Seedsman. 

u  u*'5r-*^'  "•  Dalrymple,  Bartley.  Hants,  again  showed 
hybrid  hreesias,  in  many  colours.    Apogee,  yellow  and  gold  ; 


Preciosa,  pale  mauve  with  white  throat ;  Conquest,  rose  and 
white;  Jubilee,  white  tipped  rosy  mauve;  and  Buttercup, 
V?^"ow.  were  delightful,  and  certainly  not  'washy'  in  colour. 
The  fragrance  of  some  is  very  delicious."— rfte  Nurseryman 
and  Seedsman. 

"  Mr.  H.  Dalrymple's  collection  of  Hybrid  Freesia  attracted 
much  attention,  and.  as  wi  remarked  last  time,  the  range  of 
colours  was  marvellous.  Golden  King,  a  bright  yellow,  not  a 
large  flower,  but  wonderfully  erect,  and  coming  late  into 
flower,  is  a  very  good  thing.  Apogee,  Buttercup.  Preciosa 
and  Jubilee  all  made  up  new  notes  of  colour,  which  are 
delightful."— 7V!e  HorlieuUural  Trade-lournal. 


m 

0:i:;.  < 

••'"K'c 


r^i:.   4 


Herbaceous  borders  may  be 
much  improved  at  a  very  slight 
cost  by  sowing  patches  of  hardy 
annuals  in  the  bare  places, 
taking  care  to  use  tall  subjects 
for  the  back  and  dwarf  ones 
for  the  front  of  beds.  The 
following  is  a  short  selection  of 
really  useful  hardy  annuals  for 
til  is  pu  rpose  : — 

ALYSSUM  procumbens,  white 
carpet.  3d.  ;  CALLIOPSIS 
bicolor  nana,  3d.;  Calliopsis 
Drummondii,  2d. ;  Calliopsis 
Tom  ThumbBeauty,6d. ;  Choice 
Mixed,  2d.:  CANDYTUFT. 
Giant  Hyacinth  fid.,  3d.; 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  Morn- 
ing Star  and  Evening  Star,  3d. 
each;  CLARKIA,  Salmon 
Queen,  Double  3d.  ;  and  Clarkia 
Elegans  Vesuvius,  3d.;  GO- 
DETIAS,  in  variety,  3d.; 
LIN  ARIA  Maroccana  excelsior 
mixture,  beautiful  little  flowers 
shaped  like  Snapdragons,  3d.  ; 
NIGELLA,  MISS  JEKYLL, 
3d.;  SUNFLOWERS,  in  var.. 
2d.  and  3d.;  VISCARIA, 
Fire  King,  very  fine,  6d. 


a' 


i.  •*-•'■> 

V-i'V 


G.    H.    DALRYMPLE,    The    Nurseries,    BARTLEY,   SOUTHAMPTON. 


No.  2578  —Vol.  LXXXV.] 


[April  16,  192 1. 


THE  NATIONAL   ROSE   SOCIETY'S    SPRING    SHOW 


I  WAS  tempted,  like  many  others,  to  spend  a 
few  hours  among  my  beloved  friends,  the 
Roses,  on  April  7,  at  Vincent  Square.  The 
various  groups  were  charming.  Mr.  Hicks 
carried  away  first  prize  with  a  group  of 
pillar  Roses  in  which  Seagull,  White  Tausendschon, 
with  the  new  seedling  Belle  of  Hurste  and  Dorais 
James  were  delightfully  toned  by  Paul's  Scarlet 
Climber. 

In  the  big  group  from  Paul's  of  Cheshunt,  Star 
of  Paradise  made  an  exquisite  standard,  its  star- 
shaped  blooms,  pink  vfith  a  touch  of  white,  being 
very  showy,  Emily  Gray,  Hosier  Beauty,  Pax 
anil  Lemon  Pillar,  a  climber  often  missed,  were 
others  worth  noting.  So,  too,  were  K.  of  K.  and 
Lady  Gay, 

Amcng  the  most  notable  of  Mr.  Cutbush's 
group  of  Polyanthas  were  Yvonne  Rabier,  Echo, 
Mrs.  Cut  bush.  Baby  Tausendschon  and  Greta 
Khus,  the  latter  being  especially  good  as  a  standard. 

Hicks  annexed  the  first  prize  for  a  big  group 
in  which  Red  Letter  Day,  Paul's  Scarlet  Climber, 
Climbing  Lady  Hillingdon,  Joanna  Bridge,  Ellen 
Poulsen,  Mrs.  Dunlop  Best,  Sunburst  (of  especially 
good  colouring)  and  Rosa  Hugonis  were  in  fine 
form. 

Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  carried  away  the  honours  for 
twenty-four  cut  blooms,  in  which  Rev.  F.  Page 
Roberts,  a  primrose 
yellow  with  Marechal  Niel 
centre  was  delightful. 
Constance  Casson,  Esme 
and  Phoebe  had  such  old 
friends  to  help  them  as 
Dean  Hole,  Testout  and 
Chatenay,  to  wit.  In 
their  larger  display  Mrs. 
Oakly  Fisher,  after  the 
style  of  Irish  Elegance, 
was  one  which  we  shall 
see  often  for  table  work, 
an  orange  buff  daintily 
intermingled  of  clear 
colouring.  Constance 
Casson,  nicely  perfumed, 
and  the  black  red  Covent 
Garden.  Esme,  a  white, 
tinted  mauve  on  the  outer 
petals,  as  the  blooms  open 
deepens  to  a  primrose 
colouring  ;  while  Rev.  F. 
Page  Roberts,  Phoebe, 
Padre  and  Sovereign,  all 
good,  with  their  own 
particular  charm  helped 
with  their  beauty  to  win 
our  hearts.  Moyesi,  too, 
must    not    be   forgotten. 


For  beauty  of  form,  colouring  for  the  garden, 
as  a  standard  or  dwarf  and  any  form  of  decorative 
work.  Golden  Ophelia  wins  through,  as  graceful 
in  every  way  as  Ophelia,  from  which  it  is  a  seedling. 
Its  growth  is  good,  it  has  the  wonderful  foliage 
characteristic  of  this  particular  cross — one  that 
has  come  to  stay.  If  you  are  keen  on  a  good 
thing,  it  must  net  be  missed  on  any  account. 

Mr.  Holland  carried  the  honours  in  a  box  of 
cut  blooms  with  his  glorious  blooms  of  Mrs.  Foley 
Hobbs,  Duchess  of  Normandy,  Florence  Pemberton, 
William  Shean  and  Florence  Forrester  were  in 
good  condition  too.  Unless  one  knows  and 
understands.  I  do  not  think  one  realises  the  work, 
time  and  the  hours  we  spend  among  our  loved 
ones  to  bring  them  to  perfection  and  save  them 
from  the  ills  that  so  quickly  spoil  them  under 
glass.  Rosarians  should  be  justly  proud  of  any 
amateur  who  has  given  them  pleasure,  which  they 
perhaps  have  not  until  the  outdoor  plants  com- 
mence their  season. 

In  six  blooms  of  one  variety  Mr.  Holland 
gave  us  a  feast.  With  his  superb  blooms  of  Mrs. 
Foley  Hobbs  he  made  me  frightfully  curious  as 
to  what  stock  he  uses  for  her,  for  she  is  a  very 
fickle  lady. 

Mr.  A.  T.  Goodwin  was  pleased  with  his  medal 
for  his  Marechal  Niels.     What  a  lovely  colour  it 


is,  but  what  trouble  it  sometimes  entails  !  For 
years  one  carries  on  with  a  mass  of  blooms,  pleasure 
untold  for  self  and  friends,  then  canker  sets  in 
and  one  has  a  period  which  is  very  trying.  It 
is  quicker  to  clear  out  and  burn  the  old  plants 
and  with  fresh  soil  "  and  plenty "  start  afresh. 
It  is  the  one  Rose  that  has  no  rival  to  beat  it. 

I  came  across  Mr.  Prince  near  by.  He  speaks 
very  highly  of  the  Rosa  Hemispherica,  deep 
sulphur  yellow,  which  he  has  on  a  south  wall. 

In  the  seedling  class  Messrs.  B.  R.  Cant  got  a 
gold  medal  for  Padre,  a  coppery  orange  flame 
with  yellow  at  the  base  of  each  petal,  very  strong 
and  upright  grower,  nice  foliage  and  sweetly 
scented.  Also  a  medal  for  Phoebe,  a  perfectly 
shaped,  high-centred  bloom  of  wonderful  charm, 
long  deep  petals  of  a  creamy  primrose,  daintily 
veined,  sweetly  scented  and  of  a  strong  habit  of 
growth  ;  and  a  certificate  of  merit  for  Sovereign, 
a  Pemetiana  of  deep  Constance  colouring  delight- 
fully scented. 

Mr.  Hicks  obtained  a  certificate  of  merit  for 
Mrs.  Curnock  Sawday,  a  highly  pointed  Rose 
pink,  nicely  scented,  of  strong  growth. 

In  the  table  decorations  in  the  open  class  Mrs. 

Bide  was  first  with  Ophelia,  as  dainty  and  charming 

as    ever.     Mr.    Hicks    was    second    with    Joanna 

Bridge    very    daintily    arranged,    and    Mrs.    May 

third  with  Chatenay. 

In  the  artistic  class  for 
dinner  decorations  Mrs. 
Courtney  Page  held  the 
day  wth  a  true  artist's 
thought  for  lightness  of 
arrangement  withOphelia. 
About  2.30  quitesuddeuly 
the  table  lighted  up,  the 
sun's  rays  through  the 
roof  just  caught  the  table, 
and  with  the  foliage  and 
the  colour  of  its  blooms 
its  beauty  was  intensi- 
fied. EVE. 


A    ROSE    THAT    HAS    NO    RIVAL 
This  box  of  Marechal  Niel  contained  some  of  the  finest  blooms  at  the  Spring  Rose  Show. 


FORTHCOMING 
EVENTS. 

.•\pril  26.. — Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Fort- 
nightly Meeting,  in  con- 
junction with  which  will 
be  held  the  Primula  and 
Auricula  Society's  Show 
(two  da>-s). 

April  27.  —  Irish 
Gardeners'  Association 
Meeting. 


184 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  i6,  192  i. 


The    Most    Serious   of   all    Orchard 
Pests    in   Spring 

Much    of   the   Damage   to   Fruit   Buds   and  Blossom    Usually   Attributed    to 

Frost   is   Really   due   to   the  Apple   Sucker  (Psylla  Mali).      Are   Your  Trees 

Affected   by    this    Troublesome   Insect? 


THIS  insect,  as  most  fruit  growers  are 
aware,  is  perhaps  tiie  most  serious  of 
all  orchard  pests,  attacking  as  it  does 
both  the  buds  and  blossoms  as  well  as 
the  foliage  of  the  Apple.  Before  effective 
measures  can  be  taken  against  an  insect  pest  the 
gardener  or  fruit  grower  needs  to  know  its  life- 
history  so  as  to  tell  at  what  stage  it  is  in  at  a  certain 
time  of  year  and  what  is  the  most  vulnerable 
period  of  its  life.  Tie  following  account  of  the 
Apple  sucker  is  therefore  given  : 

If  Apple  twigs  are  examined  under  the  micro- 
scope with  a  low  power,  or  even  with  a  hand  lens, 
during  winter  and  early  spring,  a  variety  of  insects' 
eggs  will  be  discovered,  particularly  around  the 
buds.  Most  noticeable  perhaps  will  be  a  great 
quantity  of  small  round  eggs  of  a  red  or  deep 
orange  colour.  These  are  the  eggs  of  the  winter 
moth.  Then  there  may  be  some  considerably 
larger,  yellow  in  colour  and  oval  with  rounded 
ends.  These  are  of  the  mottled  umber  moth. 
Some  others  are  sure  to  be  noticed,  between  these 
two  in  size,  pale  yellow  in  colour,  and  of  a  rather 
curious  shape.  These  are  the  eggs  of  the  Apple 
sucker,  and  may  be  cUstinguished  by  their  elongated 
oval  form  with  pointed  ends,  each  end  showing  a 
tendency  to  turn  up  in  opposite  directions.  Their 
form  may  be  seen  in  Fig.  i,  but  they  need  very 
carefully  removing  from  the  twig  to  show  thus  to 
advantage,  their  chief  feature  being  a  thread- 
like process  attached  to  one  end,  which  cannot 
usually  be  seen  until  the  egg  is  removed.  These 
eggs  begin  to  hatch  early  in  April  and  continue 
until  the  first  week  in  May.  The  young  larv«  are 
at  first  yellow  with  brown  spots  and  red  eyes, 
but  later  on  become  green.  As  soon  as  they  are 
hatched  they  make  their  way  to  the  blossom  buds, 
where  they  may  frequently  be  seen  collected  in 
large  numbers  waiting  for  them  to  open.  As  the 
buds  begin  to  burst  the  young  suckers  work  their 


dry  up  and  turn  brown,  some  falling  off,  others 
remaining  on  the  tree.  When  the  blossom  is 
dried  up  the  larvs  turn  their  attention  to  the 
leaves,  which  they  pierce,  causing  them  to  blister, 
shrivel  up  and  become  deformed. 

The  young  suckers  change  their  skins  at  intervals 
as  they  grow,  and  after  three  moults  rucUmentary 
wings  appear.  They  are  no  longer  larvs  now, 
but  are  called  "  nymphs,"  as  shown  in  Fig.  2. 
Both  larva  and  nymph  carry  a  waxy  globule 
attached  to  a  long  filament  proceeding  from  the 
hinder  part  of  the  body,  and  are  covered  with 
very  fine  white,  waxy  threads.  At  the  fourth 
change  of  skin  the  winged  insect  emerges,  this 
being  from  four  to  six  weeks  after  the  hatching  of 


3 . — T  HE    PERFECT     PSYLLA 
(Ten  times  vatural  size)  . 

way  into  them  between  the  scales.  Once  inside 
they  set  to  work  to  extract  the  sap  by  means  of 
their  sharp  proboscis,  and  often  prevent  the  buds 
from  expanding,  or  if  they  do  expand  the  blossoms 


2. — THE  SUCKER  IN  THE  "  NYMPH  "  STAG 
{Fifteen  times  natural  size). 

the  egg.  The  perfect  Psylla  (see  Fig.  3)  is  about 
Jin.  in  length  and  of  a  general  greenish  colour, 
with  transparent  wings.  They  may  frequently 
be  seen  at  rest  on  the  leaves,  but  hop  off  or  take 
flight  at  the  least  alarm.  They  appear  to  do  no 
actual  harm  in  the  winged  stage.  The  eggs  are 
mostly  laid  during  September  and  October,  but 
the  winged  suckers  may  be  found  on  the  trees 
from  May  to  the  middle  of  November. 

Spraying  for  this  pest  in  the  spring  is  difficult 
to  do  successfully  owing  to  the  iiTegularity  with 
which  the  eggs  hatch  out.  A  nicotine  soap  wash 
applied  when  the  blossom  trusses  are  expanding 
will  do  some  good,  but  it  is  not  really  successful 
unless  several  applications  are  made  at  intervals 
of  about  a  week  during  April  and  early  May. 
This,  of  course,  can  only  be  done  on  a  small  scale 
in  gardens.  The  best  way  is  to  destroy  the  adults 
in  the  autumn  before  they  conunence  to  deposit 
their  eggs.  This  is  done  by  spraying  with  strong 
paraffin  emulsion,  about  double  the  usual  summer 
strength,  immediately  the  fruit  is  gathered.  The 
majority  can  be  killed  in  this  way,  particularly 
if  the  spray  is  directed  against  the  suckers  as  they 
fly  in  the  air  under  the  trees.  It  is  not  possible 
to  destroy  the  eggs  by  any  caustic  washes  in 
winter.  The  only  thing  that  can  be  done  is  to 
use  a  "  cover  wash,"  made  of  lime,  salt  and  water- 
glass.     This    should    be    applied    at    the    end    of 


I. — THE    EGG    OF    THE    APPLE    SUCKER 
(Thirty  times  natural  size). 

February  or  early  March,  and,  provided  it  is 
put  on  thick  enough,  will  prevent  most  of  the  young 
suckers  hatching  out.  Ray  Palmer. 


SOW  your  CINERARIAS  in  APRIL 
to  GET  the  BEST  RESULTS 

Indispensable    for    Greenhouse    and 
Conservatory   Decoration 

THE  Cineraria  takes  rank  as  one  of  the 
most  showy  and  useful  of  winter  and 
spring  flowering  plants,  and  on  account 
of  its  colours  it  is  indispensable  for 
greenhouse  and  conservatory  decoration. 
.\mateurs  may  easily  grow  a  few  plants  provided 
that  they  will  keep  them  free  of  aphis  during  the 
time  they  are  growing,  and  also  protect  them  from 
frost  in  the  winter.  In  the  stellata  section  we  have 
a  class  of  greater  value  in  some  ways  than  the 
older  varieties ;  the  lighter  trusses  or  open 
panicles  of  flowers  are  useful  for  cutting.  Many 
growers  prefer  this  section  and  scarcely  grow  any 
of  the  older  strain.  This  is,  of  course,  a  matter 
to  be  decided  according  to  individual  tastes. 

Sowing  the  Seeds. — Cool  treatment  must  be 
one  of  the  main  rules,  and  it  holds  good  even  in 
regard  to  raising  the  plants  from  seed.  I  have 
found  germination  very  rapid  when  the  seed  pan 
containing  the  seeds  has  been  watered  and  stood 
in  a  cool  shed  for  a  day  or  two.  Sow  the  seeds 
thinly  on  the  surface  of  very  light,  rich  soil  either 
in  pans  or  boxes.  Stand  the  receptacles  in  a 
shady,  cool  frame,  where  the  young  plants  will 
quickly  appear  if  kept  moist,  and  they  must  have 
all  the  light  possible  without  being  subjected  to 
direct  sunshine.  When  huge  plants,  flowered  in 
7in.  and  Sin.  pots,  are  desired  the  seeds  may  be 
sown  in  April,  but,  generally  speaking,  about  the 
middle  of  May  is  soon  enough,  and  from  June 
sowings  I  have  had  splendid  decorative  material 
in  5in.  pots  for  flowering  rather  late. 

Potting  or  Boxing  the  Plants.— The  usual 
practice  when  the  young  plants  are  large  enough 
to  handle  is  to  pot  them  singly  into  3in.  pots. 
Where,  however,  large  numbers  are  raised  they 
are  pricked  off  into  boxes  at  first.  When  removed 
from  the  boxes  the  plants  go  straight  into  4in.  and 
sin.  pots.  Whenever  the  plants  are  moved  it  is 
wise  to  keep  the  frame  in  which  they  are  growing 
rather  close  for  a  few  days  afterwards  and  to 
afford  shade  from  the  sun.  The  soil  used  should 
be  of  a  light  character  and  must  not  be  made  too 
firm  in  the  pots. 


Apkil   i6,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


185 


Summer  Treatment. — The  work  needed  for 
the  after  well  being  of  the  plants  will  consist  of 
repotting  as  required — according  to  the  size  of 
plants  at  which  we  are  aiming.  Never  ram  the 
soil  in  the  pots  for  Cinerarias  as  is  usually  advised 
for  some  plants — Chrysanthemums,  for  instance — 
it  can  be  made  quite  firm  enough  mth  the  fingers. 
The  beauty  of  a  finely  gromi  Cineraria  depends 
in  great  measure  on  good  foliage  development, 
and  to  induce  this  a  rich,  open  soil  should  be  used. 
A  compost  of  equal  parts  loam,  leaf-soil  and  old 
manure,  with  a  4in.  potful  of  soot  to  each  barrow- 
load  of  soil  is  excellent.  Stand  the  plants  in  cold 
frames  on  ashes  and  draw  the  lights  completely 
off  them  at  night  in  calm  weather 
and  %vhen  heavy  downpourings  of 
rain  are  not  expected.  Some 
growers,  to  my  knowledge,  place 
the  plants  outside  at  the  foot  of 
north  walls  for  a  few  weeks,  but 
I  prefer  to  have  them  in  frames 
so  that  they  can  be  protected  at 
once  should  stormy  weather  set 
in.  The  plaiits  must  not  be 
subjected  to  the  direct  rays  of 
the  summer  sun  or  scorching  will 
result ;  they  do  not  readily  recover 
from  the  effects  of  this,  and  really 
fine  foliage  becomes  an  impossible 
attainment. 

Autumn  and  Winter  Treat- 
ment.— Cold  frames  will  answer 
for  the  protection  of  the  plants 
right  up  to  November,  provided 
that  ample  means  of  protection 
are  at  hand  in  case  of  severe 
frosts.  Early  in  November  it  is 
advisable  to  house  the  plants 
where  full  light  is  secured  and  a 
temperature  sufficient  for  the  ex- 
clusion of  frost  can  be  main- 
tained. They  do  not  succeed 
well  in  a  high  temperature ;  in 
fact,  the  latter  has  a  bad  effect 
in  encouraging  aphis  attacks, 
therefore  the  cooler  the  method 
of  cultivation,  in  reason,  the  finer 
and  healthier  will  be  the  resulting 
plants.  Feeding  may  commence 
when  the  plants  have  become 
thoroughly  established  in  the  final 
pots  and  flower  trusses  are  pro- 
duced. Farmyard  manure  is  a 
useful  nitrogenous  stimulant  ; 
applied  weak  and  often  it  assists 
in  the  development  of  large, 
healthy  foliage — a  sure  forerunner 
of  good  flowers  in  plenty.  Although 
not  strictly  a  plant  food,  lime- 
water  may  be  used  with  beneficial 
results.  During  the  time  the 
plants  are  flowering  in  spring  shade 
them  during  sunshine  and  they 
will  remain  fresh  and  beautiful 
for  a  longer  period. 

Insect  Pests. — when  the  above 
cool  methods,  of  cultivation  are 
carried  out  insects  will  not  give 
a  great  amount  of  trouble.  The  two  serious  pests 
of  the  Cineraria  are  the  leaf-mining  maggot  and 
greenfly.  The  latter  can  be  kept  in  check  by 
constant  syringing  and  occasional  fumigation. 
The  former  is  the  larva  of  a  dipterous  fly,  which 
lays  its  eggs  in  the  leaf.  These  develop  into  the 
lar\-a8  which  tunnel  the  leaf  and  render  it  unsightly. 
Soot-water  sprayed  over  the  plants  in  July  and 
August  will  keep  away  the  flies.  If  the  insects 
are  observed,  squeeze  them  between  the  finger  aqd 
thtimb.  James  A.  Paice. 

Aldenham. 


THE     IDEAL      FREESIA 

A  Raiser's  Opinion  of  the  Latest  Novelty 


THE  Freesia  flower  is  one  of  the  last 
flowers  that  have  been  taken  in  hand 
by  man  to  make  or  mar.  The  truth  is 
man  cannot  leave  anything  alone.  I 
do  not  think  it  was  ever  intended  that 
he  should ;  the  instinct  is  too  catholic.  As 
Vincentius   might   have   said,    it   is   to   be   found 


NEW 
The  flmoers  v 


SEEDLING    FREESIAS    RAISED    BY    MR.    DALRYMPLE. 
•ary  in  form,  and  the  colours  range  from  shades  of  rich  mauve  to 
orange  and  pink. 


everywhere,  at  all  times,  and  among  all  people. 
So  Freesias  in  their  turn  have  become  as  clay  in  the 
hands  of  the  potter  ;  and  some  serious  questions 
thus  arise  for  those  who  are  trying  to  fashion  them 
into  something  different  from  the  state  in  which 
nature  left  them.  The  factors  that  go  to  make  up 
almost  any  flower  are  tliose  of  size,  shape,  scent 
and  colour.  Anyone  who  has  raised  a  few  hundred 
seedlings  knows  how  wide  are  the  differences 
between  them.  What  are  we  to  go  for  ?  I  have 
my  own  opinion  as  to  what  constitutes  a  beautiful 
Freesia    flower.     It    is    something    very    different 


from  that  which  makes  one  in  the  eyes  of  the 
Floral  Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  or  they  would  never  have  given  an  award 
to  Treasure  on  March  8  of  this  year. 

Treasure  was  big  and  Treasure  was  round  and 
fat.  But  are  bigness,  roundness  and  fatness  so 
important  in  themselves  as  to  exclude  all  other 
considerations  ?  The  relative  value 
of  these,  of  course,  depends 
upon  what  seems  good  in  the 
judges'  eyes.  It  is  the  old  ques- 
tion of  the  best  Potato.  The 
chef  "of  the  Ritz  and  Bill,  the 
fried  fish  and  chips  man,  would 
not  agree  over  Golden  Wonder 
and  Majestic.  Chacun  A  son 
gout.  So  it  is  with  Freesias.  I 
am  whoUy  for  the  more  flat  open 
tj-pe  of  bloom,  such  as  one  gets 
in  the  white  Purity  or  in  the 
rich  purple  Daddy-long-legs.  In 
my  own  mind  and  in  the  opinion 
of  the  majority  of  people  who  come 
to  see  my  flowers,  the  rounder 
tv-pe,  such  as  we  get  in  Buttercup 
and  Treasure,  are  not  in  it  for 
effectiveness  and  beauty,  if  the 
standpoints  from  which  they  are 
judged  are  their  adaptability  for 
cutting  for  the  house  and  for  using 
as  pot  plants.  Then,  as  regards 
tlie  deep  mauve  or  washy  purple 
markings  on  Treasure,  our  object 
at  Whitewell  is  to  eliminate  these 
in  all  yellows  and  whites  and 
to  try  to  get  a  pure  clear  colour. 
Here  again  I  cannot  understand 
an  award  being  given  with  these 
markings  so  prominent  as  they 
were   in   Treasure. 

One  word  in  conclusion.  What 
was  wrong  with  Mr.  DalrjTnple's 
most  interesting  collection  of 
splendidly  grown  Freesias  which 
were  staged  on  this  occasion  ? 
The  Council  of  the  Society 
make  alfgreat  fuss  about  calling 
the  Tuesday  gatherings  "meetings" 
and  thereby  throw  a  sort  of 
semi  -  scientific  atmosphere  over 
them. 

The  improvement  of  flowering 
plants  by  cross  fertilisation  or  by 
hybridisation,  and  results  only  to 
be  had  by  good  culture,  one 
would  imagine,  would  be  things 
to  be  encouraged.  I  have  never 
seen  better  grown  or  a  more 
interesting  group  of  new  varieties 
of  Freesias  staged  in  the  hall, 
and  the  Council  gave  it  a  silver- 
-Vo ;  a  silver  Banksian !  Mag- 
JoSEPH  Jacob. 


gilt.       . 
nificent !  ! 


A    Graceful   Plant   for   the   Conservatory. — 

To  be  brought  to  perfection  Humea  elegans  must 
be  finally  placed  in  pots  not  less  than  /ins.  across, 
and  specimen  plants  may  be  potted  into  gin.  or 
loin.  pots.  For  the  final  potting  use  good  fibrous 
loam  to  which  has  been  added  some  peat,  leaf- 
soil,  old  mortar  rubble  and  sharp  sand.  Ample 
drainage  is  essential,  and  the  plants  should  always 
be  grown  cool. 


186 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  i6,  1921. 


HOW  TO  SUCCEED  WITH  AURICULAS 

An   Atnateur's  Methods  of  Propagation 


FROM  an  excellent  private  collection  of 
Auriculas  the  following  notes  are  culled. 
All  the  plants  are  raised  from  seed 
or  by  offsets  and  comprue,  besides 
all  the  well  known  varieties,  many 
distinctive  plants  of  the  grower's  own  crossing. 
Without  going  into  technical  details  it  may  be 
said  that  when  the  seed  is  obtained  it  is  sown 
as  soon  as  possible,  and  the  seedlings  when  ready 


Gold  Mine,  Golden  Plover,  Double  Yellow,  Double 
Green,  Old  Gold,  Double  Crimson  and  Gordon 
Douglas  (golden  yellow  flushed  bronzy  green). 

The  collection  runs  into  hundreds  and  is 
accommodated  in  a  specially  built  long,  low  frame 
raised  about  2ft.  from  the  ground  by  a  brick 
foundation.  The  plants  are  arranged  on  narrow 
shel\'es  in  ladder  formation,  and  the  range  and 
\'ariety  of  tone  is  most  striking  when  viewed  from 
above.  Some  of  the 
clusters  have  no  less 
then  ten  to  twelve 
blooms,  while  the 
delicate  mealy  powder- 
ing of  the  foliage  is 
a  particularly  pleasing 
contrast  against  the 
bewildering  mass  of 
colour. 

By  the  end  of  April 
the  plants  are  in  full 
bloom  and  any  seed  it 
is  desired  to  obtain  is 
done  by  cross  fertil- 
isation, making  use 
only  of  the  best 
plants  with  a  known 
constitution  and  keep- 
ing each  division  to 
itself.  No  "  pin  eyed" 
specimen  is  allowed  to 
exist  in  the  collection, 
but  is  at  once  ruthlessly 
discarded  ;  this  defect, 
however,  seldom  occurs, 
as  the  named  varieties 
are  quite  free  from  it, 
but  occasionally  i  t 
1  rops  up  among  the 
seedlings. 

G.  E.  Case  Morris. 
Soiilh   Devon. 


Fragrant     Foliage 
Plants 


AURICULA    GORDON    DOUGLAS. 
The  flowers  are  rich  yelloiv  flushed  u-ith  brotizy  green 


to  be  pricked  out,  which  the\'  are  as  soon  as  they 
show  their  rough  leaf,  are  planted  out  in  shallow 
boxes,  and  later  in  the  season  potted  off  for  trial 
blooming. 

The  propagating  of  the  well  known  varieties 
15  by  offsets  obtained  from  the  parent  plant  when 
they  are  being  repotted  in  May  and  June,  but  some 
eighteen  months  has  to  elapse  before  these  develop 
into  flowering  plants. 

Among  the  varieties  grown  are  the  following — 
Grey  edged  :  Colonel  Champneys,  Lancashire  Hero, 
Beauty  and  Olympus.  Green  edged :  Mrs,  Hen- 
wood,  Shirley  Hibberd  and  Rifleman.  White  edged: 
Anne,  Heather  Bell,  True  Briton  and  Snowdon's 
Knight.  Selfs :  C.  E.  Perry,  Lord  of  Lome, 
R.   H.   Weir,   Maj'  Day   and   Heroine.     Fancies : 


[  AM  missing  from 
gardens  which  I  visit 
occasionally  plants 
valued  on  account  of 
the  fragrance  they 
emit  through  their 
leaves.  Some  of  these 
gardens  are  old,  and 
the  plants  as  they  die 
oS  do  not  appear  to 
be  succeeded  by  others  of  a  similar  character. 
In  a  word,  there  is  no  attempt  at  propa- 
gation. Modern  gardens  are  noted  more  for 
the  beauty  of  the  blossoms,  and  the  things 
once  prized  are  seldom,  if  ever,  thought  of. 
There  is  a  certain  charm,  however,  about 
some  of  the  old  fragrance  bearers  that  surely 
entitles  them  to  more  recognition  than  they  are 
given  to-day.  Some  country  folk,  however, 
with  whom  we  are  acqu.iinted  still  honour  Thymes 
and  Balm,  Rosemary.  Lavender  and  Myrtles, 
whUe  two  other  old-fashioned  things  not  always 
to  be  found  in  prominent  places  are  not  infre- 
quently to  be  seen  in  odd  corners  of  the  garden — 
Lad's  Love  and  Bergamot.  In  the  windows,  too, 
of  certain  cottage  homes  we  know  we  still  find  the 


Oak-leaved  Geranium,  Lemon-scented  Verbena 
(Aloysia)  and  Musk.  Near  the  garden  gate  there 
are  the  same  bushes  of  Sweet  Briar  that  twenty 
years  ago  we  first  pressed  between  our  fingers, 
and  that  after  rain  on  a  summer  night  compete 
with  Pinks  and  Rockets  and  Stocks  in  the  borders 
in  richness  of  perfume.  It  is  to  my  mind  a  matter 
for  regret  that  in  gardens  to-day  so  little  provision 
is  made  for  plants  that  breathe  sweetness  through 
their  leaves.  W.  Linders  Lea. 


WHAT    IS   A    BORDER 
CARNATION  ? 

An  Amateur's  Outcry  Against  Growing 

these   Flowers    Under   Glass  —  And  a 

Reply 

IN  your  issue  of  February  26  I  was  greatly 
interested  in  the  article  by  J.  L.  Gibson  and 
was  surprised  that  amateurs  are  advised  to 
make  a  note  of  the  contents.  It  is  very 
kind  to  advise  amateurs  the  composts  used  by 
growers  for  potting,  but  why  apply  this  to  a  flower 
which,  by  its  very  name,  suggests  the  garden  and 
not  the  greenhouse.  I  am  fully  aware  that  the 
trade  make  a  speciality  of  exhibiting  blooms  of 
border  varieties  which  have  never  while  in  their 
possession  been  tried  in  the  garden  until  they 
have  been  passed  on  to  their  customers.  They 
are  grown  in  large  houses  built  especially  for  their 
reception  and  the  result  is  beautifully  clean  and 
evenly  marked  flowers.  Try  some  of  them  in 
the  open  (which  the  Border  Carnation  is  intended 
for)  and  the  blooms  disappoint  the  working-man 
amateur,  not  the  amateur  who  employs  a  gardener 
and  has  unlimited  funds  for  building  houses  to 
grow  them  in.  Surely  it  is  time  the  society  dealt 
with  the  question  as  to  what  is  a  Border  Carnation. 
I  say  it  is  useless  for  a  grower  (whose  catalogue. 
I  have)  to  tell  us  to  grow  the  Border  Carnation 
in  the  border  and  keep  the  perpetual  in  the  house 
when  that  same  grower  is  doing  that  which  Mr. 
J.  L.  Gibson  advised,  mixing  composts  for  final 
pottings  and  then  selling  the  resultant  layers  for 
growing  in  the  border.  Some  years  ago  I  purchased 
plants  from  a  firm  who  made  a  special  note  : 
"  .\11  layers  taken  from  the  open  ground."  That 
should  be  the  aim,  then  working  on  the  lines  of 
your  "  Gardening  for  the  Week."  page  107  of  the 
same  issue  as  potting  is  advised.  I  should  like 
to  hear  the  remarks  of  others  who  are  interested. 
If  an  alteration  were  made  we  should  not'see  nine 
or  ten  prizes  being  taken  by  one  person,  in  classes 
where  at  the  most  there  are  no  more  than  four 
competitors.         London  Carnation  Amateur. 

This  letter  in  proof  form  was  sent  to  Mr.  J.  L. 
Gibson  who  replies  :  "  '  London  Carnation  .Ama- 
teur's '  communication  is  very  interesting  and  I 
am  glad  he  has  written  this  note  as  it  deals  with  a 
subject  repeatedly  under  discussion  at  both  formal 
and  informal  meetings  of  the  Committee  of  the 
National  Carnation  Society  during  the  past  winter. 
The  writer  represents  the  largest  class  of  amateur  in 
the  country — the  grower  of  Border  Carnations  in 
the  border,  where,  indeed,  they  are  meant  to  be 
grown.  Recognising  that  growers  of  open  air 
plants  should  have  opportunities  of  exhibiting 
at  the  annual  display  without  handicap,  the  Com- 
mittee have  opened  a  class  for  Carnations  grown 
out  of  doors,  and  I  hope  '  London  Amateur ' 
will  be  able  to  bring  up  some  of  his  blooms  to 
Vincent  Square  on  July  26  to  compete  in  that  class. 
'  London  Amateur '  will  readily  understand  why 
professional  growers  cultivate  their  stock  under 
glass.     It  is  only  right  that  an  exhibit  of  Border 


April  i6,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


187 


Carnations  should  show  the  flower  at  its  best, 
and,  as  he  says,  protection  from  the  weather 
produces  beautifully  clean  and  evenly  marked 
blooms.  But  apart  from  that,  pot-grown  plants 
are  so  very  much  easier  to  layer  and  to  keep  free 
from  pests,  and  the  '  grass '  is,  or  should  be, 
healthier  and  cleaner  than  from  the  ground  stock. 
The  writer,  however,  is  at  fault  in  saying  that 
these  specially  cultivated  plants  have  never,  while 
in  the  possession  of  the  growers,  been  tried  in  the 
garden.  To  begin  with,  all  named  Carnations 
start  their  career  as  garden  or  field  gro\vn  plants, 
and 'many  growers  continue  to  cultivate  some  of 
their  stock  in  the  open  with  the  object  of  keeping 
them  hardy,  though  I  think  this  is  not  at  all 
ne.cessary.  Good  house-grown  Carnations  will 
give  e.-ccellent  results  when  put  outside  if  the 
cultivation  is  correct.  For  several  years  a  lady 
grower  exhibited  beautiful  flowers  grown  all  the 
year    round    in     the    open,    and    took    prizes    in 


competition  with  growers  who  had  all  the  benefits 
of  greenhouse  culture.  The  houses  in  which 
Carnations  are  grown  by  the  trade  are  unhealed 
and  abundantly  ventilated,  the  sole  object  of  the 
glass  covering  being  to  keep  the  flowers  clean, 
and,  personally.  I  would  much  rather  purchase 
layers  from  plants  so  grown  than  from  those  culti- 
vated in  beds  or  borders,  for  the  simple  reason  that 
they  are  clean,  healthy  and  strongly  rooted. 
I  have  tried  both  sorts  of  layers  myself,  for  planting 
outside  and  for  pot  cultivation,  and  have  always 
been  better  pleased  with  the  results  of  layers  out 
of  pots. 

"  The  article  referred  to  was  written,  of  course, 
for  the  benefit  of  amateurs  who  grow  under  glass, 
and  I  ara'told  their  number  is  increasing  every  year, 
but  I  am  very  much  in  sympathy  with  '  London 
Amateur  '  in  his  desire  that  the  Carnation  Society 
should  foster  and  appeal  to  the  grower'who  has  no 
glass   at  his  disposal. — J.  L.  Gibson." 


SWEET    PEA    SUGGESTIONS 


Distance    to    Plant    and    the    Best    Means    of    Support. 

Top-dressing. 


Wisdom    in 


THERE  is  no  plant  easier  to  grow  than 
the  Sweet  Pea.  Simpledigging  to  adepth 
of  Sins,  or  loins.,  without  the  addition 
of  any  manure,  will  produce  good  plants 
with  plenty  of  energy  for  free  and 
continuous  flowering,  provided  that  they  have 
enough  space  for  branching.  One  sees  in  cottage 
gardens  the  row  of  mixed  colours  for  which  no 
special  preparations  were  made,  and  they  remain 
in  charm  several  weeks,  all  the  time  diffusing 
a  fragrance  which  the  modern  varieties  cannot 
equal.  In  one  instance  which  came  under  the 
writer's  personal  knowledge,  an  old  sand  path 
was  dug  with  a  fork,  a  little  manure  was  added, 
the  plants  were  given  a  distance  of  loins.  asunder, 
and  they  blossomed  profusely  from  the  second 
week  of  July  until  October,  receiving  no  liquid 
manure  and  only  one  soaking  of  water  throughout 
the  whole  period.  Many  of  the  stems  were 
upwards  of  ift.  in  length,  and  when  the  plants  were 
well  in  their  stride  stems  of  four  flowers  were 
common.  They  are,  however,  worthy  of  much 
better  attention  than  this  ;  in  fact,  considering 
the  rewards  they  bring  it  may  be  fairly  regarded 
as  impossible  to  do  things  too  well. 

One  of  the  finest  materials  to  go  on  top  is  wood- 
ash,  especially  if  it  is  from  "  live  "  hedge  trimmings 
or  tree  prunings,  since  the  potash  content  therein 
is  much  higher  than  from  dry  wood.  Old  soot, 
too,  is  excellent,  but  it,  similarly  to  the  wood-ash, 
should  have  been  stored  in  a  dry  place.  In  nearly 
all  soils  poultry  manure,  which  has  been  stored 
dry  in  its  equal  bulk  of  mould,  favours  results, 
but  it  demands  more  than  ordinary  care  in  applica- 
tion^owing  to  its  highly  stimulating  nature.  AH 
things  considered,  it  is  wise  for  those  who  are  not 
accustomed  to  handling  it,  and  do  not  therefore 
fully  appreciate  its  action,  to  withhold  it  from  the 
soil  and  to  use  it  as  a  mulching  or  in  liquid  form 
when  the  plants  are  in  full  activity. 

The  distance  of  planting  is,  of  necessity,  governed 
in  considerable  degree  by  the  principal  object 
of  culture,  with  which,  of  course,  is  intimately 
associated  the  system  of  training.  The  old  fallacy 
that  the  closer  the  planting  the  greater  the  number 
of  flowers,  has  .died  a  just  death.  Therefore,  when 
one  requires  masses  of  flowers  for  home  and  garden 
adornment  plenty  of  space  is  imperative  to  enable 
the  plants  to  bring  their  side  growths  to  perfection. 
The  minimum  distance  should  be  Sins.,  and  if 
a  double  line  is  chosen  the  plants  should  be  set 


triangularly.     For    exhibition    ift.    must    be    the 
minimum  from  plant  to  plant,  and  in  all  instances 


that  no  wind  will  move  the  plants  unless  it  blows 
the  sticks  out  of  the  earth.  In  some  districts 
these  are  readily  procurable,  whereas  in  others 
no  money  can  purchase  them.  Various  brashy 
woods  are  used  according  to  circumstances,  and 
they  answer  the  purpose  well.  Strong  Bamboo 
rods  are  admirable,  but  the  labour  in  tying  is 
considerable  since  the  tendrils  (which  are  promptly 
removed  from  plants  grown  expressly  for  exhibi- 
tion) show  no  partiality  for  the  hard,  smooth 
surface  ;  another  objection  is  that  they  are  very 
expensive.  Probably  the  best  support,  failing 
Hazel,  is  the  square  meshed  Simplicitas  netting, 
notwithstanding  the  comparatively  high  initial 
cost,  against  which  must  be  set  the  fact  that  with 
proper  care  the  material  will  last  for  several  years 
It  is  necessary  to  attach  it  securely  to  stout 
supports,  the  lower  ends  of  which  must  be  efficiently 
creosoted  or  tarred  with  a  view  to  their  preservation; 
the  strands  of  whe  must  be  stretched  very  tightly 
indeed,  the  top  one  especially,  or  there  will  be 
serious  sagging.  Excellent,  too,  but  again  costly, 
is  large- meshed  galvanised  wire-netting ;  this, 
however,  will  last  for  many  seasons.  It  is 
essential  that  both  the  Simplicitas  and  the  wire- 
netting  shall  be  thoroughly  dry  prior  to  storage, 
and  any  faults  seen  must  be  instantly  repaired. 
For  general  purposes  a  height  of  6ft.  suffices, 
or  rather  less  in  soils  and  districts  where  the  plants 
do  not  attain  to  great  vigour.  To  start  with  some 
tying  will  be  required,  but  with  full  activity  the 


A    COTTAGER  S     DISPLAY    OF    SWEET    PEAS    AND    PHLOXES. 


5ft.,  with  an  additional  ift.  if  the  space  can  be 
spared,  must  separate  the  rows,  which,  for 
preference,  as  simplifying  shading,  should  run 
east  and  west.  When  the  plants  are  grown  in 
clumps  of  five  or  six  allow  the  same  distance 
between  them  individually  and  not  less  than  4ft. 
from  clump  to  clump.  Immediately  after  the 
planting  is  completed  a  generous  surface  dredging 
of  soot  is  particularly  beneficial. 

Supporting. — This  is  a  point  of  paramount 
importance,  and,  incidentally,  almost  invariably 
a  source  of  some  worry.  For  general  purposes 
there  can  be  no  question  that  fresh  Hazel  sticks 
not  less  than  8ft.  long  are  infinitely  the  best. 
Some  training  of  the  growths  in  the  way  that  they 
ought  to  go  will  be  essential,  but  the  tedious 
process  of  tying  is  obviated,  since  the  tendrils 
will  secure  such  a  firm  grip  on  the  friendly  wood 


growths    wUl   look    after    themselves    quite   satis- 
factorily. 

Much  of  the  charm  of  the  Sweet  Pea  when  grown 
for  garden  adornment,  in  rows  or  clumps  according 
to  circumstances,  lies  in  its  naturally  free  habit 
of  growth,  which  character  is,  of  course,  fuUy 
maintained  with  sticks  as  supports.  Where  netting 
of  any  kind  is  employed  there  is  some  formality 
in  the  earher  stages,  but  it  passes  when  the  plants 
reach  their  full  vigour  unless  tying  in  is  done  too 
closely  ;  this  fault  must,  therefore,  be  studiously 
avoided.  Whatever  the  form  of  support  decided 
upon  finally,  it  is  important  that  before  the  plants 
exceed  4ins.  in  height  they  shall  have  twiggy 
sticks  put  to  them  to  which  they  will  be  attached 
and  whence  they  will  require  occasional  ligatures 
to  direct  them  on  the  correct  lines  towards 
permanency. 


188 


THE    GARDEN. 


[April  i6,  1921. 


A   Wall    Garden     that    Produces    Flowers 
from    February    to    October 


IN  the  accompanying  illustration  will  be  seen 
a  wall,  which  is  about  3ft.  high  and  looyds. 
long,  facing  south,  north-east  and  west. 
The  various  plants  that  are  cultivated  I  will 
enumerate  for  the  guidance  of  those  who  are 
about  to  malie  a  hobby  of  wall  gardening — it  is 
certainly  a  fine  finish  to  a  scene,  as  a  toundary 
to  either  a  flower,  a  kitchen  or  a  Rose  garden. 
The  one  illustrated  is  at  the  base  of  a  Yew  hedge 
which  encloses  a  Rose  garden.  Of  course,  the 
higher  the  wall  the  greater  variety  of  plants ; 
providing  the  wall  is  built  the  right  way,  to  hold 
moisture  in  dry  times.  If  built  with  plenty  of 
stone  and  some  substantial  soil,  the  rocks  or 
stones  thoroughly  embedded,  and  the  plants  made 
quite  firm,  then  good  results  will  be  obtained, 
as  the  rocks  part  in  Nature  is  to  act  as  reservoir 
or  sponge,  absorbing  the  moisture  in  the  air 
in  order  to  render  it  again  through  the  agency 
of  the  plants.  In  smaller  walls  it  may  be  found 
necessary  to  water  during  a  very  dry  spell,  when 
it  is  best  to  do  it  very  thoroughly.  Many  little 
rock  plants  will  send  their  tiny  roots  several  feet 
between  the  stones  in  search  of  moisture.  I  have 
tried  sometimes  to  get  tiny  plants  from  rocks  by 
the  seacoast  on  the  cliffs  at  Guernsey  and  in 
Cornwall,  but  could  never  get  some  of  them  intact. 
I  much  prefer  to  plant  in  the  stones  than  to  sow 


quite  naturally  in  the  spring  and  make  a  show  the 
first  season,  which  has  the  advantage  over  seed 
sowing  if  we  make  a  few  exceptions. 

Among  the  many  plants  that  may  be  grown  on 
walls  Saxifragas  are  excellent,  especially  those  of 
tlie  mossy  section,  and  these  should  be  placed  in 
the  coolest  part.  Alyssum  alpestre,  A.  montana, 
and  A.  saxatile  ;  Ajuga  reptans,  A.  purpurea  and 
A.  variegata  ;  Anemones  of  kinds  ;  Aubrietias  of  all 
varieties  (Dr.  Mules  looks  glorious  when  in  masses)  ; 
Fire  King,  Mcerheimi,  and  Mrs.  Lloyd  Edwards  ; 
Antirrhinums  in  variety;  Arabis  fl.-p).  ;  Arenaria 
montana  and  A.  balearica  ;  Campanulas,  especi- 
ally muralis,  which  flowers  over  a  long  period 
in  different  aspects  ;  Linaria  Erinus  ;  Dianthus, 
practically  all  these  do  well  and  last  some  few 
years ;  Epimedium,  Euphorbia,  Cheiranthus, 
Haberlea.  Ramondias,  Linarias  and  Lithospermums; 
Primula  Juliae,  Sedum  sempervivum.  Thymus 
coccineus  (in  fact,  all  these  make  a  fine  show  in 
August),  Veronica  repens,  V.  incana  and  others ; 
Saxifraga  oppositifolia,  S.  Burseriana,  Poppies, 
Hypericums.  Iberis  Little  Gem  and  other  varieties  ; 
Sedum  pulchellum  makes  a  nice  comer  plant  and 
grows  well.  Rock  Roses,  Phlox  setacea  and  Vivid. 
With  a  collection  something  after  this  style  much 
pleasure  and  amusement  can  be  had,  say,  from 
February    to    October.     I    have    not    mentioned 


A    LOW    WALL    MADE     BEAUTIFUL    WITH    ALPINES. 


seeds,  as  the  seeds  often  get  either  dried  up  or 
washed  away  or  scratched  away  by  birds  before 
they  have  time  to  get  established.  When  practic- 
able, planting  should  be  done  as  the  wall  is  being 
built,  so  that  the  roots  can  be  properly  embedded 
or  stretched  out  in  the  soil  between  the  rocks. 
When  once  established  they  will  seed  and  come 
up  naturally  in  their  own  sweet  way  and  time  ; 
for  instance,  look  at  an  old  wall  with  Wallflowers 
and  Antirrhinums  growing  on  the  top,  seemingly 
in  nothing.  That  is  Nature's  way.  and  she 
succeeds  often  at  reproduction  when  we  fail  by 
artificial  means. 

I  favour  autumn  for  planting  because  the  plaits 
can  find  the  rooting  medium  and  commence  to  grow 


bulbs,  but  many  Crocuses  and  Narcissus  can  be 
used  for  early  effect.  The  Crocus  species  do  very 
well  in  these  walls,  especially  on  the  top. 

W.  A.  Cook. 
Dryiiham,   Oalland-!  Chase. 


Sporting  of   Indian  Azaleas 

Sm.\ll  plants  of  Azalea  indica  are  among  the 
most  popular  of  our  spring  pot  plants,  and  a 
large  trade  is  done  by  florists  in  this  class 
of  plants,  in  which  there  is  considerable  choice 
of  colour  from  pure  white  up  through  shades  of 


pink  to  deep  crimson.  Sporting  has  for  long 
been  a  common  feature  of  these  plants,  and  an 
Edinburgh  West  End  florist  told  me  recently  that 
this  trait  of  character  seems  to  be  on  the  increase, 
and  is  naturally  an  objection  in  the  eyes  of 
purchasers,  who  have  their  prejudices  as  to  certain 
shades. 

Not  a  few  of  the  plants  show  two  distinct 
shades,  sometimes  in  nearly  equal  proportions, 
the  line  of  demarkation  being  almost  a  straight 
one.  Can  any  of  your  scientific  correspondents 
account  for  this  phenomenon  or  suggest  means 
for   its    extermination  ?  Caledonia. 


MY  SPRING  FLOWERS 

By  H.  J.  Elwes,  F.R.S.,  V.M.H. 

A   S   this   is    my   fiftieth   year   of   gardening 
/%       and  also  the  earliest  spring  that  I  ever 
/    %     have  seen  or  shall  see,  I  give  a  few  notes 
^^^^L    on  plants  in  flower  on  March  31,  though 
*  *•  not  all  yet  at  their  best.     To  those  who 

do  not  know  Colesborne  I  may  say  that  it  is 
in  a  cold,  though  fairly  sheltered,  situation  550ft. 
above  sea-level  in  the  Cotswold  hills  on  oolite 
soil,  containing  so  much  limestone  that  no  Rhodo- 
dendrons will  Jive,  and  where,  in  ordinary  seasons, 
severe  frosts  occur  up  to  the  end  of  May.  I  hope 
and  pray  that  there  may  be  none  this  year.  The 
rainfall  averages  35ins.,  the  hardest  frost  this 
v\inter,  about  20°,  was  in  December.  I  omit  many 
common  plants  which  everyone  knows  and  only 
mention  the  best  species. 

Anemone  Pulsatilla,  a  month  before  its  usual 
time  ;  A.  blanda  rosea  ;  A.  b.  scythinira,  a  perfect 
weed  in  ray  garden,  seeding  profusely  and  so 
different  from  A.  blanda  in  habit  that  it  ought  to 
be  a  distinct  species  ;  A.  fulgens,.  a  month  before 
its  usual  time  and  very  good  ;  Claytonia  virginica  ; 
Corydalis  Alleni,  a  form  of  cava,  I  think,  but 
distinct  in  colour  ;  C.  cheilanthifolia,  a  veritable 
weed,  seeding  itself  everywhere,  but  the  most 
beautiful  for  foliage  and  flower  of  any  weed  I 
know  and  harmless  to  its  neighbours  if  kept 
within  boimds  ;  Cardamine  trifoliata  ;  Cheiranthus 
linifolia,  also  inclined  to  seed  itself  too  much, 
but  a  good  plant  for  dry  places ;  Euphorbia 
Myrsinites ;  E.  polychroma ;  Epimedium  sul-  ■ 
phureum  ;  Geum  Rossii,  a  pretty  New  Zealand  m 
rock  plant  which  seems  hardy  and  is  so  at  Edin- 
burgh ;  Iberis  petraea,  very  dwarf,  floriferous 
and  pretty  ;  Jeffersonia  dubia  ;  Isopyrum  thalic- 
troides,  very  dwarf  and  elegant,  but  too  much 
inclined  to  spread  ;  I.  grandiflorum,  a  very  much 
overrated  plant,  judging  from  its  behaviour  here 
and  at  Edinburgh  ;  Hacquetia  Epipactis  ;  Hepatica 
Pauli,  a  large  and  fine  variety  given  me  by  the  late 
Mr.  Boyd,  little  known  in  gardens  ;  Meconopsis 
integrifolia,  quite  out  of  season,  but  has  been  in 
flower  all  through  March.  I  think  this  is  a  distinct 
form  with  fringed  petals.  Gentiana  acaiUis, 
not  yet  fully  out,  but  the  white  variety  is  showing 
colour  and  seems  earlier  than  the  common  one, 
if  not  so  vigorous ;  sent  me  by  Mr.  Bulley  as 
G.  a.  sp.,  but  very  near  G.  verna ;  Lithospermum 
prostratum ;  Helleborus  corsicus,  unusually  good 
and  early ;  H.  guttatus,  from  the  Caucasus, 
the  best  of  the  orientalis  section;  Omphalodes 
verna ;  O.  cappadocica ;  Oxalis  oregana,  a 
real  gem,  the  best  by  far  of  the  Acetosella  section 
which  I  saw  in  perfection  in  the  redwood  forests 
of  California  in  1919 ;  O.  Griffithi,  a  rare  and 
pretty  plant  from  Sikkim,  which,  however,  may 
not  prove  hardy  ;  Primula  Juliana,  a  much  better 
plant    than    its    parent    Julia,    which,    like   many 


April  i6,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


189 


Primulas,  is  not  happy  here ;  P.  rosea,  perhaps 
the  best  of  all  Himalayan  species  when  seen  in 
perfection ;  PcEonia  Mlokoswitchi.  showing  bud, 
but  not  yet  out,  the  earliest  and  best  of  all  yellow 
PeBonies ;  P.  Canbedessidesi  and  P.  cretica,  the 
next  two  earliest,  most  distinct  and  beautiful, 
both  showing  bud  six  weeks  before  their  proper 
season ;  Saxifrages  too  numerous  to  mention 
and  not  much  earlier  than  usual,  S.  Griesbachi 
easily  first  in  its  section,  S.  Stuarti  and  S.  purpurea 
both  very  good  ;  S.  Boydii,  S.  Faldonside,  S.  Irvingi 
and  S.  Delavayi,  all  rather  past  ;  S.  Stracheyi, 
though  one  of  the  most  beautiful,  is  always  cut 
by  even  slight  frosts,  and  has  not  escaped  ;  Sedum 
Palmeri,  a  lovely  and  iJoriferous  species 
from  Colorado,  which,  though  better  in 
a  cold  greenhouse,  has  survived  and 
flowered  well  in  the  rock  garden.  Shortia 
galiriloUa  and  S.  grandiflora  both  kept 
in  a  sunless  north  frame,  as  they  do  not 
thrive  in  ray  soil,  and  both  out  long 
before  their  proper  time  ;  Parrya  Men- 
ziesi ;  Petasites  nivea.  perhaps  the  best 
of  the  genus,  but  inclined  to  spread  too 
much  ;  Polygala  piirpurea  ;  Sanguinaria 
canadensis  ;  Trillium  grandiflorum  must 
be  a  distinct  variety,  as  it  flowers  a 
month  before  the  common  form,  which 
is  not  yet  showing  above  ground.  Can 
anyone  tell  me  its  origin  ?  T.  album,  a 
very  beautiful  plant  with  its  blotched 
foliage,  seems  incUfferent  to  lime  in 
the  soil,  and  seeds  profusely  in  many 
places.  Sisyrinchium  grandiflorum. — 
I  cannot  keep  the  beautiful  white 
form  of  this-  plant.  Can  anyone  tell 
me  whether  it  is  a  question  of  soil  ? 

Bulbous  plants  as  a  rule  have  not 
done  well,  owing,  I  suppose,  to  the 
wet  season  of  last  year  and  in  some 
cases  due  to  their  having  become  too 
crowded  during  the  war.  Snowdrops, 
however,  are  a  brilliant  exception,  as 
they  never  once  had  to  lay  their  heads 
down  during  February.  The  best  now 
in  flower  are  Bellevalia  romana ;  Erythro- 
nium,  several  species  ;  Iris  bucharica 
(I  rather  doubt  whether  this  will  prove 
really  hardy)  ;  I.  stylosa,  the  white 
variety  flowers  here  most  freely ; 
Leucojum,  an  early  flowering  form  of 
ffistivium  from  the  Riviera;  Narcissus, 
a  presumed  hybrid  of  Queen  of  Spain 
and  Johnstoni  which  was  given  me 
by  the  late  Mr.  Godman,  and  which 
earliest  and  has  a  very  robust  constitution  on 
my  soil,  on  which  many  of  the  newer  vaiieties 
degenerate  rapidly  or  die  out ;  Fritillaria  Imperialis 
inodora,  the  Kashmir  variety,  always  earlier  than 
the  others  ;  F.  latifolia ;  F.  ruthenica ;  Korol- 
kowia  Sewerzowi ;  Puschkinia  scilloides  ;  Scilla 
Lilio-hyacinthus  and  its  var.  alba,  a  very  good  and 
distinct  species  from  S.  Faldonside,  which  increases 
freely  and  is  quite  hardy  ;  S.alba;  S.  messeniaca  ; 
Chionodoxa  Lucilia,  a  perfect  weed  here,  but  a 
very  beautiful  and  harmless  one,  which  seeds  in 
thousands  everywhere ;  Tecophil^ea  cyanocrocus, 
which  here  requires  the  shelter  ot  a  frame  ;  Muscari 
moschatum  major,  another  real  gem  with  the 
sweetest  scent  of  any  hardy  balb  known  to  me. 
Why  it  is  so  rare  in  gardens  I  do  not  know,  but  I 
never  see  it  elsewhere. 

I  say  nothing  of  hardy  shrubs  because  many 
of  the  best  do  not  thrive  here,  but  Berberis  Darwini, 
which  was  nearly  killed  four  years  ago,  has  now 
recovered  and  is  easily  first  in  beauty.  Next  to 
it  comes  a  crimson  form  of  Pyrus  japonica,  which 
I  raised  from  seed,  and  Amygdalus  nana,  a 
souvenir  of  Bitton,  which  is  opening  its  first 
flowers. 


A    CHOICE    ALPINE 
PLANT 

The  Soldanellas  are  all  dear  to  the  heart  of  the 
lover  of  alpine  plants.  The  subject  of  our  illus- 
tration, Soldanella  montana,  the  giant  of  the 
race  and  a  most  nobte  and  stately  species,  is 
comparatively  easy  to  grow  in  our  humid  climate 
in  a  cool,  moist,  gritty  sod,  with  ample  drainage. 
The  flowers,  which  are  of  a  lavender  lilac  colour 
and  deeply  fringed,  are  carried  at  intervals  on 
stems   about   gins,    high   and   average   about   five 


THE 


the 


FLOWERS    OF    THIS    DAINTY    ALPINE     (SOLDANELLA 
ALPINA)    are    LAVENDER    LILAC    IN     COLOUR. 


or  six  to  a  stem.  During  the  winter  months 
all  Soldanellas  should  be  protected  from  overhead 
rain  by  sheets  of  glass,  thus  giving  them  the  rest 
they  need  to  flower  freely. 

They  make  charming  subjects  grown  in  pans 
for  the  alpine  house,  easily  propagated  by  division, 
or  grown  from  seed  sown  as  soon  as  ripe.  A 
good  sprinkling  of  stone  chips  keeps  the  foliage 
and  flowers  clean,  also  retains  the  moisture  at 
the  roots.  This  species  is  found  in  the  Alps  of 
Austria  and  Transylvania,  generally  at  an  height 
of  3,oooft.   to  4,oooft.  H.   Crave.v. 


New    and   Rare    Plants 

FIRST-CLASS     CERTIFICATES. 

Laelio-Cattleya  Orange  Blossom  (L.-C.  Elinor 
X  C.  Trimyra). — .A  specimen  of  this  handsome 
novelty  having  a  four-flowered  scape  was  shown. 
The  colour  is  deep  chrome  orange  of  a  delightful 
shade  and  highly  refined  withal.  The  prettily 
goffered  lip  is  an  additional  feature.  Shown  by 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Sir  George  Holford,  K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt. 


Odontoglossum  Diamond  var.  Perfection  (O. 

King  Arthur  x  O.  Eximium). — .\  novelty  of  rare 
size  and  substance  and  very  dark,  almost  wholly 
blotched  chocolate  petals  and  sepals.  The  lip 
is  white,  and  there  are  white  markings  enclosing 
shield-like  panels  on  the  richly  coloured  petals. 
From  Messrs.   J.   and  A.   McBean,  Cooksbridge. 

Odontina  W.  R.  Fasey  (MUtonia  Venus  X 
Odontoglossum  Louise). — The  form  of  the  flower 
favours  the  Miltonia,  its  purplish  markings  and 
round  spots  on  a  white  ground  demonstrating  the 
influence  of  the  other  parent.  Remarkable  rather 
than  beautifiU  and,  of  course,  of  great  interest  ta 
the  hybridist.  From  W.  R.  Fasey,  Esq.,  Snares- 
brook  (gardener,  Mr.  E.  J.  Seymour). 

AWARDS     OF     MERIT. 

Odontoglossum  Lady  Avice  Menzies. 

— A  fine  form   with   pointed   petals   and 
richly  coloured   markings. 

Cattleya  ;Mary  Sander  (Dusseldorfi 
Undine  x  Suzainne  Hye  de  Crown). — 
A  magnificent  pure  white  of  fine 
parts,  the  sepals  unusually  long.  A 
greenish  yellow  touch  is  seen  in  the 
throat.  These  were  from  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Sir  George  Holford,  K.C.V.O., 
Westonbirt  (gardener,  Mr.  H.  G. 
.\lexander). 

Odontoglossum  Robert  Venables 
(Eximium  x  Rosella)  — A  distinct  and 
large  variety,  having  dark  blotched 
flowers  'clouded  mauve  at  the  edges. 

Odontoglossiun  Barnaby  Rudge.— 
This  of  wine  purple  shade  and  whitened 
lip.  It  is  handsome  and  striking.  These 
were  shown  by  W.  R.  Fasey,  Esq., 
Snaresbrook  (gardener,  Mr.  E.  J. 
Seymour). 

Prunus  cerasus  polosinscula  media. 
— .A.  charmingly  interesting  and  pretty 
flowering  shrub  from  Szechuan  and 
Western  Hupeh,  China.  The  pink, 
golden  anthered  flowers  are  produced  in 
cylindrically  fashioned  outline  in  3ft.  long 
branches,  and  to  the  accompaniment 
of  bronzy  leafage  constitutes  a  most 
efiective  feature. 

Prunus  Sargentii. — Large  single  pink 
flowers  in  considerable  freedom  and 
bronzy  leafage  mark  this  valuable  addi- 
tion to  flowering  shrubs.  These  were 
admirably  shown  by  the  Hon.  Vicary 
Gibbs,  .Aldenham  House,  Elstree  (gardener,  Mr.  E. 
Beckett). 

Azalea  Mollis  Robespierre. — .\  magnificent 
form  with  huge  trusses  of  light  iavm  orange- 
flushed  flowers.  We  think  it  one  of  the  hand- 
somest we  have  seen.  From  Jlessrs.  R.  and  G. 
Cuthbert,  Southgate,  N. 

Narcissus  Enez.— .A  Leedsii  of  the  IV  .\  group 
and  a  novelty  of  distinction  and  merit.  Of  almos 
uniform  citron  colour  throughout,  rather  more 
sulphury  perhaps  in  the  segments  and  the  base 
of  the  crown,  its  huge,  frilled,  expanding,  crinoline- 
formed  crown  is  an  outstanding  feature,  and 
backed  by  a  strong  and  good  perianth  with  over- 
lapping parts,  resolves  itself  into  a  fine  t^-pe  of 
Giant  Leedsii.  From  Mr.  W.  F.  M.  Copeland. 
West  View,  Shirley,  Southampton. 

The  above-mentioned  novelties  were  shown 
before  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  on  .A.pril  5, 
when  the  awards  were  made. 


White  Foxgloves. — Numbers  of  these  which  were 
self  sown  and  latterly  put  into  nursery  lines  may 
now  be  transferred  to  various  parts  of  the  grounds. 
F"or  grouping  in  odd  corners  of  the  wild  garden 
or  on  the  margin  of  the  woods  they  are  unsurpassed. 


190 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  i6,  1921. 


THE    LONDON    DAFFODIL 

SHOW 

A  SPLENDID  ARRAY 
OF  BLOOMS  AND  A 
::  £50    BULB  :: 


THE  HANDSOME  YELLOW  TRUMPET  DAFFODIL  KING  ALFRED. 


■  TOSSING   THEIR   HEADS   IN   SPRIGHTLY   DANCE. 


THE  Show  of  1921  was  quite  the 
equal  of  any  that  have  been  held  at 
Vincent  Square  or  in  the  Drill  Hall. 
It  is  impossible  to  remember  with 
sufficient  exactness  all  the  details  of 
previous  years  to  be  able  to  say  more.  There 
■were  a  large  number  of  first-class  seedlings, 
both  in  the  competitive  classes  and  in  the 
many  excellent  trade  exhibits.  These  latter 
■will  furnish  me  with  matter  for  my  next  notes  ; 
so,  beyond  mentioning  what  was  undoubtedly 
the  most  novel  and  striking  flower  in  the 
whole  Show,  these  will  be  passed  over  in  silence. 
The  Peter  Barr  Memorial  Cup,  which  is  awarded 
every  year  to  someone  "  who  has  done  good  work 
of ,  some  kind  on  behalf  of  the  flower,"  was 
unanimously  awarded  to  Mr.  A.  M.  Wilson,  who 
has  not  for  some  time  enjoyed  the  best  of  health, 
but  whose  beautiful  and  refined  seedlings  are 
still  fresh  in  the  memory  of  those  who  are  popu- 
larly called  experts.  Everyone  hopes  that  the 
more  bracing  climate  of  his  new  home  will  set 
him  up  again,  for,  if  report  be  true,  he  is  as  keenly 
interested  in  "good  things"  as  ever.  We  were 
all  glad  to  see  Mr.  P.  D.  Williams  again  after  his 
accident,   and  the  flowers  with  which  he  entered 


for  the  Engleheart  Cup  (Class  39),  which  is  the 
Blue  Ribbon  of  the  Show,  demonstrated  that  his 
stock  of  home-raised  flowers  is  far  from  exhausted. 
May  I  mention  as  new  and  very  successful 
competitors  Mr.  E.  England,  from  Exeter,  who 
had  one  of  the  "extra-extras"  in  a  seedling 
which  in  a  slight  degree  reminded  me  of  Buck- 
land's  Pink  'Un,  oiJy  the  rim  of  the  wide-spread 
eye  was  not  quite  as  pink  ;  and  also  Mr.  J.  Lionel 
Richardson,  from  far-off  Waterford,  who  was 
first  in  Class  65,  thereby  winning  the  Barr  Silver 
Daffodil  Vase.  Mr.  J.  S.  Arkwright,  another 
newcomer  to  the  London  Show,  was  a  close  second 
and  had  some  good  flowers.  It  reminded  me  of 
old  times  to  see  Mr.  E.  H.  Krelage  of  Haarlem 
among  us  again.  He  had  a  remarkably  fine  lot 
of  Trumpet  varieties  in  Class  2  and  was  an  easy 
first.  Of  course,  Mrs.  Ernest  H.  Krelage  was 
among  them.  1  also  noticed  Faust,  a  good  yellow  ; 
and  a  pretty  pointed- petalled  ivory  white  and  pale 
primrose  Trumpet  marlved  32 1. 

The  Sensation.' — This  was  a  vase  of  six  blooms 
in  the  centre  of  Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons'  exhibit. 
Everyone  was  asking  all  morning  long  if  I  had 
seen  it,  but,  having  show  duties  to  perform,  I 
never  was  able  to  get  near  it  till  after  five  o'clock 


By  that  time  the  stock  was  sold — not  that  1  had 
ever  intended  buying  it  I — for  close  upon  £300  ; 
that  is  to  say,  somewhere  about  £50  a  bulb.  What 
gave  it  this  high  value  was  the  deep  pink  of  the 
trumpet.  It  is  far  and  away  the  highest  coloured 
trumpet  in  this  shade  that  I  have  ever  seen.  I 
found  opinion  very  divided  upon  its  beauty. 
Because  it  was  a  Daffodil  its  colour  seemed  to 
shock  some  people.  This  remark  was  made  to 
me  :  "  If  it  were  anything  but  a  Daftodil  I  would 
like  it."  Others  said  the  same  thing  in  other 
words.  No  one  that  I  met  raved  about  it.  For 
myself  I  look  upon  it  as  a  "  great  marvel,"  as 
old  Sir  John  MandevUle  used  to  say  when  he  had 
narrated  anything  that  he  thought  particularly 
startling. 

Some  Good  Flowers. — The  names  are  in  no 
particular  order,  and  the  varieties  are  confined 
to  those  exhibited  in  the  competitive  class. 
Several  real  old  stagers  were  well  to  the  fore 
and  did  themselves  credit,  e.g.,  Monarch,  shown 
by  Miss  Warren,  of  Westbere,  Canterbury,  was 
A  I.  Good  cultivation  works  wonders.  An  excel- 
lent example  of  Mrs.  Robert  Sydenham  had  a 
diameter  of  full  4ins.,  whereas  in  another  class, 
measure  as  I   would,   I   could  not  make  it  more 


April  i6,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


191 


than  3  Jins.  Prospector,  a  Trumpet  variety  raised 
by  Mr.  Engleheart  and  exhibited  by  the  Donard 
Nursery  Company,  was  distinguished  by  its  rich 
deep  yellow  colouring  in  both  the  perianth  and 
trumpet,  which  is  boldly  flanged.  It  is  not  a 
large  flower  ;  it  has  a  diameter  of  sjins.  Royalist, 
raised  and  shown  by  Dr.  Lower,  of  Presteign, 
in  the  collection  with  which  he  won  the  Engle- 
heart Cup,  is  as  refined  a  pale  yellow  Trumpet 
as  up  to  the  present  has  been  produced.  It  is 
quite  of  the  White  Knight  class.  i92i(w)  is  a  deep 
yellow  Trumpet  of  the  smoothest  and  thickest 
texture,  faultless  in  shape,  and,  as  far  as  I  can 
judge,  the  high-water  mark  of  its  class  and  colour. 
The  perianth  has  a  diameter  of  sjins.  It  was 
raised  and  exhibited  by  Mr.  P.  D.  Williams. 
i/K/50.  I  should  like  to  have  written,  instead 
of  these  mystical  figures  and  letter.  Beauty  of 
Exeter.  I  think  Mr.  England  will  be  a  lucky 
man  when  he  raises  a  flower  to  beat  it.  Its 
perianth  has  a  diameter  of  sjins.  and  its  eye  one 
of  I  Jins.  Golden  Pedestal,  raised  and  shown  by 
Mr.  Richardson,  is  a  deep  yellow  replica  of  Pedestal. 
It  is  a  very  good  flower — so  clean  looldng  or  so 
clear  cut.  Beauty  of  Radnor,  one  of  Dr.  Lower's, 
attracted  much  attention.  It  is  a  very  symmetrical 
flower,  and  the  salmon-brick  red  edge  to  the  cup 
most  pleasing  ;  but  to  my  taste  there  is  rather 
too  much  inside  to  the  cup,  and  its  proportion 
suffers.  Others  did  not  think  this  any  detriment. 
Twilight,  which  was  raised  and  exhibited  by 
Mr.  W.  Welchman,  is  a  pale  bicolor  Trumpet 
mth  a  shapely,  overlapping  perianth  which  stands 
out  flat  and  stiff.  It  is  a  good  flower.  The  perianth 
has  a  diameter  of  3 fins.  Joseph  Jacob. 

{To  be  conlinued.) 


GARDENING     OF     THE     WEEK 


NARCISSUS    SEAGULL 

The  illustration  does  not  flatter  this  charming 
variety.  For  three  or  four  years  it  has  been 
left  undisturbed,  and  each  spring  it  has  flowered 
profusely.  It  belongs  to  the  Barrii  or  short- 
cupped    section,    the    perianth    being  pure  white 


FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Roses. — -When  the  pruning  is  finished  the  beds 
and  borders  should  be  lightly  forked  over  and  at 
the  same  time  some  well  rotted  manure  or  a  good 
fertiliser  worked  in  where  thought  necessary. 

Annual  Asters.— These  are  worthy  of  especial 
note  for  late  summer  and  autumn  displays,  and 
there  are  few  annuals  so  useful  as  cut  flowers  for 
indoor  decoration.  A  sowing  may  be  made  now 
in  a  cold  frame  or  outdoors  in  row  s  a  foot  apart 
where  the  plants  are  to  remain.  The  plants 
should  afterwards  be  thinned  to  a  foot  apart. 
The  sinensis  class  is  the  most  decorative.  Heavy 
soils  should  have  a  liberal  addition  of  leaf-soil  and 
burnt  refuse  added. 

Perennial  Asters  and  Phloxes  may  be  easUy 
increased  by  removing  some  of  the  young  growths 
when  several  inches  in  length  and  inserting  them 
as  cuttings  in  a  close  frame.  If  not  required  for 
the  flower  garden  they  may  be  usefully  employed 
for  conservatory  decoration.  If  used  for  this 
purpose  as  soon  as  cuttings  are  rooted  place  three 
in  a  4in.  pot,  afterwards  transferring  them  into 
Gin.  or  7in.  pots,  giving  treatment  similar  to 
Chrysanthemums.  No  pinching  of  the  growths 
must  be  done. 

Planting, — Aim  at  getting  such  subjects  as 
Pentstemons  and  Violas  all  in  their  flowering 
quarters  without  delay  to  enable  them  to  with- 
stand a  dry  spell  should  there  be  one  overhead, 
and  also  to  allow  of  more  time  to  be  given  to  those 
subjects  which  cannot  be  planted  until  all  danger 
of  frost  be  past. 

Potting  and  Propagating. — Cuttings  of  quick- 
growing  subjects  like  Ageratum  and  Lobelias 
may  still  be  put  in  if  supply  is  in  doubt.  Where 
space  and  time  permit  any  plants  of  Marguerites, 
Heliotropes  and  Salvias  should  be  put  into  jin. 
pots,  otherwise  the  plants  get  starved  and  con- 
sequently do  not  grow  away  so  freely  when  planted 
in  the  beds.  Marguerite  Mrs.  Sanders  is  a  plant 
which  well  repays  such  treatment.  It  is  one  of  our 
best  double  white  subjects  for  inside  or  outside. 

The  Kitchen  Garden 

Winter  Greens. — -.Another  good  sowing  to  aug- 
ment general  and  main  supplies  should  now  be  made 
of  BroccoU.  Kales  and  Savoys,  to  be  followed  by  a 
later  one  if  demand  warrants  it,  in  about  three  weeks 
time.  Sow  in  drills  a  foot  apart  so  that  the  hoe  can 
be  used  to  keep  weeds  in  check.  As  soon  as  the 
seedlings  are  through  dust  them  over  at  once  with 
soot  to  ward  off  slugs,    and  net  them  to  protect 


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ONE    OF    THE    BEST    FOR    CUTTING     (NARCISSUS    SEAGULL). 


tending  to  minimise  the  spread  of  unhealthiness. 
Where  digging  operations  are  in  arrears  this  and 
the  planting  may  be  carried  out  concurrently. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Figs. — -In  the  early  house  make  the  most  use 
of  sunny  days  by  closing  the  house  early  and 
syringing  the  trees  thoroughly,  and  thus  create  a 
good  growing  atmosphere.  Give  a  thorough  watering 
with  warm  liquid  manure  where  a  good  crop  is 
being  carried.  Especially  is  it  necessary  to  watch 
that  pot  plants  do  not  become  exhausted.  The 
stopping  and  regulating  of  the  growths  in  this  and 
later  houses  must  be  attended  to  as  required, 
and  overcrowding  guarded  against.  As  a  general 
guide  stopping  may  be  done  about  the  fifth  or 
si.xth  leaf  joint,  but  extension  wood  may  be  allowed 
more  freedom.  Figs  are  generally  grown,  and 
rightly  so.  in  a  restricted  root  run,  so  a  watchful 
eye  must  be  kept  as  the  days  get  warmer  that  the 
trees  do  not  suffer  from  lack  of  moisture,  or  red 
spider  will  undoubtedly  make  its  appearance. 
H.  Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland). 

Albury   Park   Gardens,    Guildford. 


and  the  cup  canary  yellow,  while  the  foliage 
is  remarkable  for  its  blue-green  tint.  Alto- 
gether it  is  splendid  for  cutting.  It  was  one 
of  the  first  varieties  sent  out  by  the  Rev.  G.  H. 
Engleheart,  who,  by  the  way,  always  selects 
such  delightful  names  for  his  Daffodils. 


from  birds,  which  are  sometimes  very  troublesome 
during  the  first  weeks  of  growth. 

Potatoes. — Late  varieties  should  be  given 
ample  room,  and  4ft.  is  not  too  much  to  allow 
between  the  rows.  In  any  case  the  mminum 
should  be  3ft.  At  the  Ormskirk  trials  last  year 
the  greater  distance  was  found  advantageous  as 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Salsifv, — ^Deep,  sandy  soil  suits  this  vegetable 
best ;  it  should  never  be  grown  on  ground  that 
has  been  recently  manured  or  the  roots  will  be 
forked  and  scraggy.  It  much  resembles  the 
Parsnip  in  this  respect  and  is  likely  to  thrive  best 
on  the  site  of  the  previous  season's  Celery 
trenches,  when  roots  of  good  quality  may  be  had 
In  most  households  this  winter  vegetable  is  highly 
prized. 

Spinach. — A  successional  sowing  should  now 
be  made  ;  also  make  a  sowing  of  Spinach  Beet, 
as  this  perpetual  Spinach  is  most  accommodating 
and  fine  fresh  leaves  may  be  pulled  throughout 
the  season.  It  often  fills  a  blank  should  the 
ordinary  variety  run  to  seed,  owing  to  dry  weather 
or  other  causes. 

Broad  Beans. — Continue  to  sow  goodly  quanti- 
ties of  the  Longpod  varieties  in  double  lines  2jft. 
apart,  while  any  that  may  have  been  raised  in 
boxes  should  now  be  planted  out.  Should  the 
ground  be  cold  or  clayey,  the  addition  of  some  old 
potting  compost  will  encourage  root  action  and 
quicken  growth. 

Early  Cabbages.— .Although  not  injured  much 
by  hard  frost  this  winter,  the  autumn  planted  lot 
have  had  a  severe  test  with  wind  storms  and 
heavy  rains.  Should  the  weather  be  suitable, 
a  sprinkling  of  sulphate  of  ammonia  may  be 
given  now,  afterwards  loosening  the  soil  and 
lioeing  up. 

Digging.— Unfortunately  this  work  has  been 
in  arrears  owing  to  the  heavy  rains  recorded  during 
March,  the  rainfall  for  that  month  being  over 
6ins.  Where  the  soil  is  heavy  this  is  naturally 
a  hindrance  both  to  the  professional  gardener 
and  the  amateur,  but  with  the  lengthening  days 
and  more  sun-heat  the  soil  dries  more  readily 
and  allows  digging  and  sowing  to  be  proceeded 
with  apace.  Perhaps  the  most  unusual  thing 
recorded  here  regarding  the  weather  has  been  the 
absence  of  snow  this  winter,  oidy  a  very  slight 
fall  having  occurred. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Begonias. — Tubers  of  these  which  %vere  started 
in  boxes  some  time  ago  wUl  now  be  ready  for  a 
shift,  so  may  be  potted  into  suitable  sized  pots, 
according  to  the  size  and  strength  of  the  plants. 
.\  mixture  of  two  parts  of  loam  and  one  part  of 
leaf-mould  and  sand  suits  them  well. 

Regal  Pelargoniums. — Early  batches  of  these 
should  be  kept  clear  of  aphis  by  vaporising  occasion- 
ally, while  to  obtain  fine  results  give  regular 
feedings  of  Icthemic  or  Clay's  Fertilizer.  Remove 
to  greenhouse  or  conservatory  as  the  plants  come 
into  bloom. 

Pricking  Off  Seedlings. — This  work  will  occupy 

a  good  deal  of  time  just  now.  but  careful  handling 
will  be  repaid  by  good  results.  Do  not  crowd  the 
seedlings  in  the  boxes  prepared  for  them,  allow 
space  for  the  proper  development  of  each,  and  as 
growth  advances  transfer  to  cooler  quarters  and 
ventUate  gradually,  so  that  the  tender  seedlings 
suffer  no  severe  check  in  the  process  of  hardening 
off.  Should  the  grower  only  have  a  cold  frame 
at  disposal  for  this  purpose,  it  will  be  essential 
to  harden  off  the  seedlings  gradually  before 
transplanting.       James  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


192 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  i6,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


A    FALLING     OFF     IN     THE    NUMBER 

OF    DAFFODIL    FLOWERS. 

XJAVE  your  readers  observed  a  great  falling 
off  in  the  number  of  Daffodil  flowers  this 
year  ?  The  wild  Daffodil  planted  in  rough  grass 
does  vary  from  year  to  year,  but  this  is  a  poor  year. 
Horsfieldii  and  Golden  Spur,  which  have  not  once 
failed  to  flower  in  rich  abundance  during  the  last 
fifteen  or  twenty  years,  have  not  one- fourth  of  the 
usual  number.  Oddly  enough,  Maximus,  usually 
ashy  flowerer,  has  rather  more  blooms  than  usual. — 
F.  A.  Sturge,  Coed  Ela,  near  Wrexham. 

A    PROLIFIC    FLOWERING    DWARF 

RHODODENDRON. 

"P.XCEPT  that  the   distmct   Rhododendron  illus- 
trated originated  as  a  chance  seedlmg  among  a 
batch  of  alpine  Rhododendrons  in  the  nurseries  of 
Messrs.  Fisher,  Son  andSibray,  Limited,  of  Hands- 


Christmas  Rose  and  perhaps  H.  caucasicus.  In 
the  Journal  of  Botany,  1916,  page  338,  I  asked  if 
someone  would  explain  why  Green  Hellebore 
(H.  viridis)  droops  and  fades  within  an  hour  if 
put  into  water  and  kept  in  any  ordinary  room, 
but  remains  fresh  for  a  week  in  a  tin ;  and  added 
that  some  specimens  had  kept  tolerably  fresh 
fourteen  days  in  a  tin.  The  late  E,  W.  Himnybun 
replied  on  page  22  the  following  year  that  for 
many  years  he  grew  this  plant  and  many  coloured 
hybrid  Hellebores,  and  that  they  all  acted  in  the 
way  I  described.  He  found  he  "  could  prevent 
the  drooping  and  fading  by  cutting  the  stalks 
under  water,  splitting  them  up,  and  immediately 
placing  them  in  water."  He  "  attributed  the 
drooping  and  fading  to  the  transpiration  being 
much  more  rapid  than  the  absorption,  owing  to 
the  current  of  water  in  the  xylura  of  the  vascular 
bundles  being  diminished  by  exposiu^e  of  the 
bottom  of  the  cut  stem  to  the  air.  The  balance 
of   absorption   and  transpiration  is  further  upset 


A  CHANCE  SEEDLING  AMONG  ALPINE  RHODODENDRONS  (R.  COMPACTUM  MULTIFLORUM). 


worth,  the  history  of  the  plant  is  obscure.  R.  coni- 
pactum  raultiflorum  has  been  grown  at  Kew  for 
upwards  of  twenty  years.  The  name  very  well 
describes  the  habit  of  the  plants  and  its  floriferous 
character.  It  is  comparatively  slow  growing 
for  though  of  considerable  age,  the  plants  in  the 
background  are  not  more  than  about  30  inches 
high  and  3  feet  to  3J  feetin  diameter.  The  flowers 
are  a  shade  of  buff  with  reddish  markings  in  the 
base  of  the  flowers.  Increase  by  layering  is  best, 
though  the  four  smaller  plants  in  the  foreground 
are  grafted  on  R.  ponticum. — A.  O. 

HELLEBORES    AS     CUT     FLOWERS. 

j^/JR.  UPCHER  mentions  (The  Garden,  page  158) 
that  the  beautiful  flowers  of  Helleborus 
orientalis  are  good  to  float  in  bowls,  and  that 
when  cut  with  long  stalks  they  hang  their  heads 
and  look  miserable  and  dejected.  I  believe  this 
applies    to    most    of    the    Hellebores,    except    the 


by  the  plant  when  cut  being  brought  into  the 
dry  air  of  a  room  from  the  more  or  less  saturated 
air  out  of  doors."  Mr.  Hurmybun  also  pointed 
out  that  if  cut  flowers  are  immediately  put  into  a 
tin  box  well  filled  with  leaves  their  transpiration 
soon  saturates  the  air  and  thus  stops  much  trans- 
piration in  the  cut  flowers.  I  may  add,  a  propos 
of  Mr.  Warner's  very  interesting  note  on  the 
colour  of  spring  flowers,  that  Christmas  Rose 
flowers  turn  green  after  being  fertilised,  just  as 
the  white  or  pinkish  blossoms  of  Ranunculus 
glacialis  turn  a  deeper  rose  colour.  The  Purple 
Gromwell  (Lithospermum  purpureo-cceruleum), 
whose  name  is  as  appropriate  as  it  is  long,  is  an 
excellent  example  of  the  many  Boraginaceous 
plants  whose  flower-buds  are  at  first  reddish  and 
on  opening  turn  a  deep  blue.  The  little  Corn 
Gromwell  (L.  arvense),  with  flowers  always  white 
in  this  country,  I  have  occasionally  seen  mth 
bluish  corollas  in  waste  places  in  the  Alps,  owing 


to  the  intense  light  of  those  regions.  It  is  also 
well  known  that  there  is  a  greater  proportion  of 
red,  purple  and  blue  flowers  in  the  Alps,  corre- 
sponding with  a  higher  organisation  than  in  the 
plains. — H.  Stuart  Thompso.n'. 

TN  The  Garden,  .April  2,  page  158,  Mr.  A.  H. 
Upcher  evidently  thinks  that  Lenten  Roses 
(Helleborus  orientalis)  always  hang  their  heads 
wlien  cut  with  long  stalks.  May  I  suggest 
that  he  tries  cutting  a  slit  right  through  the 
stalk — up  and  down — about  half  an  inch  from 
the  end  ;  if  cut  to  the  very  end  the  stalk  curls 
up.  I  always  put  two  slits  about  an  inch  long, 
one  through  each  side  ot  the  stalk,  and  I  find  the 
Lenten  Roses  stand  erect  and  last  for  days. — 
E.   M.  G.,   Co.  Down. 

A    WAY    TO    OVERCOME    THE 

HOLLYHOCK    DISEASE. 

TV/rAY  a  few  words  be  said  on  the  subject  of  the 
disease  which  is  so  troublesome  with  Holly- 
hocks— perhaps  I  ought  to  say  Alth»a  rosea,  as 
I  see  in  Robinson's  "  English  Flower  Garden " 
they  are  put  under  this  heading.  Personally,  I 
prefer  the  English  name  and  cannot  always  agree 
with  Mr.  Robinson.  Twenty  years  ago  we  grew 
fine  Hollyhocks  here,  and  then  as  years  went  on 
the  disease  appeared  and  finally  became  so  bad 
that  we  had  to  give  them  up.  We  then  began 
growing  them  again,  and  I  noticed  that  the  disease 
seemed  only  to  affect  those  which  were  over  three 
years  old.  This  may  mean  that  the  tap  roots 
got  down  to  poor  soil  and  so  the  plants  were  not 
properly  nourished.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that 
the  best  way  of  overcoming  most  diseases  is  to 
encourage  strong  growth.  It  may  be  remembered 
that  I  wrote  to  The  Garden  some  time  ago  saying 
that  I  found  liquid  manure  a  certain  cure  for  green- 
fly on  Roses.  I  did  not  see  my  way  to  treat  the 
Hollyhocks  in  the  same  way,  but  I  made  a  rule 
that  all  old  plants  were  to  be  dug  up,  and  since 
this  has  been  done  we  have  been  but  little  troubled 
with  the  disease.' — Thackeray  Turner. 

THE    FLOWERING    OF    THE 
STERNBERGIAS. 

pERMIT  me,  as  an  old  grower  of  the  Stern- 
bergias,  to  corroborate  what  Mr.  Jenkins 
says  regarding  them  (page  r4o).  Most  lovers  of 
bulbous  plants  have  been  fascinated  with  the 
idea  of  having  their  golden  Crocus-like  blooms  in 
autumn  so  as  to  associate  them  with  such  plants 
as  the  autumn  Crocuses  in  the  front  of  the  border 
in  grass  and  in  the  rock  garden.  As  a  rule, 
however,  the  disappointment  has  been  great  on 
account  of  the  shyness  of  their  flowering.  Leaves 
were  produced,  but  flowers  were  few,  and  it  has 
been  the  general  conclusion,  especially  in  Northern 
gardens,  that  "  the  game  is  not  worth  the  candle." 
I  have  put  all  the  Sternbergias  in  cultivation 
through  my  hands  and  I  can  unhesitatingly  agree 
with  Mr.  Jenkins  in  commending  S.  lutea  angusti- 
folia  as  the  only  one  worth  attempting  in  the 
ordinary  garden  of  the  British  Isles.  With  S. 
lutea  angustiiolia  even,  one  should  give  it  special 
consideration,  such  as  the  sand  bed  suggested  by 
Mr.  Jenkins.  My  most  satisfactory  results  were 
obtained  in  a  very  sandy  soil  to  which  had  been 
added  a  liberal  quantity  of  old  mortar  rubbish  on 
a  subsoil  of  sand  and  gravel  and  in  full  sun.  Other 
species  and  forms  gave  no  satisfaction  after  th'- 
first  year  even  vrith  this  treatment.  Our  summers 
seem  too  cool  for  these  Sternbergias  in  the  open, 
and  I  fear  most  of  us  must  content  ourselves 
with  S.  lutea  angustifolia.  I  had  hoped  that  the 
grand  S.  macrantha  would  have  proved  as  accom- 
modating, but  after  the  first  year  or  two  it  did  not 
ondescend  to  bloom, — S.  -Arnott,  Dumfries. 


April  i6,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


193 


SUPPORTS    FOR    SWEET    PEAS. 

TLJAVING  seen  some  letters  lately  regarding 
wire-netting  for  Sweet  Peas,  I  should  lil^e 
to  mention  the  plan  we  have  adopted  here  witli 
great  success.  The  Peas  are  put  out  in  a  row, 
from  pots,  about  the  middle  of  March  ;  an  old 
Birch  broom  is  sacrificed,  and  the  twigs  stuck 
among  the  little  plants  to  help  them  to  start. 
When  they  are  established  a  double  length  of 
galvanised  wire  sheep  netting,  4ft.  wide,  is  placed 
in  position,  one  length  on  each  side  of  the  row 
of  plants,  and  about  a  foot  apart,  securely  fastened 
to  strong  stakes.  When  the  Peas  have  nearly 
reached  the  top  a  second  length  is  placed  above, 
fastened  to  separate  stakes  (these  are  the  long 
thin  iron  rods  blacksmiths  use)  and  overlapping 
the  first  length  a  few  inches,  so  that  they  can 
be  securely  tied  together  all  along.  This  makes 
a  support  nearly  8ft.  high  and  is  usually  sufficient, 
though  I  have  had  to  support  further  sometimes. 
1  use  a  stepladder  when  cutting  the  flowers  late 
in  the  season.  The  Peas  arrange  themselves 
delightfully  on  the  wire  and  are  a  lovely  sight ; 
the  wide  mesh  is  no  disfigurement.  The  wire  is 
rolled  up  and  stored  in  the  loft  when  the  season 
is  over  and  lasts  practically  for  ever.  We  also 
use  this  netting  on  walls  to  support  climbers  and 
wall-shrubs  ;  it  is  more  easily  fixed  and  kept  in 
order  than  single  wires. — -M.  B.  Mirehouse. 
Allele,   Pembroke. 

MINIATURE  POPPIES  FOR  THE    ROCK 
GARDEN. 

'T'HIS  note  applies  to  what  are  Lilliputian  forms 
of  the  Iceland  Poppy  (Papaver  alpinum)  or 
are  closely  akin  to  it.  They  are  miniatures  of 
the  utmost  grace  in  foliage  and  flower  and  are 
ideal  rock  garden  plants,  though,  like  the  Iceland 
Poppies,  not  always  much  more  than  biennials. 
The  leaves  are  delightful  in  their  formation  and 
of  a  charming  hue,  and  the  flowers  are  little 
Minnie  Warren  forms  of  P.  nudicaule  in  general 
appearance.  They  vary  from  white  through 
shades  of  yellow  to  orange,  and  are  exquisite 
in  their  texture  and  sheen.  The  plants  are  only 
a  few  inches  high.  There  is  a  still  more  miniature 
form,  called  P.  alpinum  pyrenaicum,  frequently 
listed  as  P.  pyrenaicum.  This  also  is  of  the 
highest  beauty  and  as  varied  in  hue  as  the  others. 
A  strain  with  fringed  flowers  is  also  in  existence, 
but  one's  first  delight  in  these  has  become 
chastened,  and  one  can  hardly  say  that  they 
are  to  be  cultivated  in  preference  to  the  smooth- 
edged  varieties.  I  like  to  sow  this  Poppy  where 
it  is  to  flower,  and  if  sown  in  this  way  in  light 
soil  in  a  sunny  place  in  April  it  will  bloom  the 
same  year.  The  seeds  must  be  sown  very  thinly, 
and  the  seedlings  thinned  out  as  soon  as  possible. 
If  this  is  neglected  the  plants  will  not  be  nearly 
so  fine  and  will  go  out  of  bloom  more  quickly. — 
S.   Arnott. 

THE     DOUBLE     FORiMS     OF     PRIMULA 
VULGARIS. 

A  MID  the  wealth  of  the  newer  hardy  Primulas 
the  double  varieties  —  white,  yellow,  lilac 
and  crimson — of  our  common  Primrose  seem  to 
be  pretty  much  neglected,  and  yet  they  have  a 
charm  all  their  own.  Methinks,  however,  that  their 
comparative  scarcity  is  to  be  accounted  for  not 
so  much  because  of  lack  of  appreciation  of  their 
intrinsic  worth,  but  because  in  many  gardens — the 
one  under  my  own  charge  included — they  have  a 
habit  of  dying  off  unless  special  means  are  taken 
to  maintain  them  in  good  health.  Many  years 
ago  the  late  Mr.  Richard  Dean  of  Ealing  was 
successful  in  getting  up  a  big  stock  of  the  double 
crimson  variety,  and  without  warning  or  apparent 
■cause,  he,  within  an  incredibly  short  period,  lost 


nea/ly  his  entire  stock.  On  soils  which  they  do 
not  take  to  kindly  the  safe  plan  is  to  replant, 
annually  or  biennially,  working  in  a  proportion 
of  yellow  fibrous  loam  among  the  garden  soil. 
The  crimson  variety  seems  more  fastidious  in  the 
matter  of  soil  than  the  other  varieties.  The 
doubles  often  fail  where  the  bright-coloured  single 
varieties  luxuriate. — Charles  Comfort. 

A   PRIMROSE     FOR    THE    \\:ATERSIDE 

TN  the  rock  garden  at  Kew  at  the  foot  of  the 
...  Dripping  Well  is  a  fine  batch  of  the  beautiful 
Himalayan  Primula  rosea  now  flowering  profusely. 
The  rich  carmine  pink  flowers  are  very  effective 
and  especially  is  this  so  when  seen  from  a  distance. 
As  a  waterside  plant  this  Primula  is  indispensable  ; 


PRIMULA    ROSEA    BY    A     STREAM. 

it  is,  however,  equally  as  well  at  home  on  the  rock 
garden  or  in  the  alpine  house.  It  is  perfectly 
hardy  and  thrives  in  almost  any  soil,  but  is  most 
happy  when  planted  in  a  rich  loam. — G.  H. 

AN    EXCELLENT    PL.\NT    FOR    A 

SOUTH    WALL. 

C\V  the  various  Coronillas  in  cultivation,  Coronilla 
glauca  is  undoubtedly  the  best  if  judged  from 
the  free-flowering  standpoint.  It  is  rarely  out  of 
bloom,  and  until  the  winter  of  1916-17  a  fine  bush 
was  to  be  seen  in  the  gardens  at  Castleford,  Chep- 
stow. Unfortunately  it  is  rather  tender,  but 
usually  a  suitable  spot  can  be  found  such  as  a 
south  wall  or  a  sheltered  comer  near  a  green- 
house. In  February  I  saw  an  example  in  fall 
bloom,  the  rich  yellow  flowers  showing  to  advantage 
above  the  glaucous  foliage.  It  will  succeed  in 
almost  any  soil,  as  I  have  grown  it  equally  as  well 
in  gravelly  soil,  and  heavy  loam.  Propagation  is 
effected  by  division  in  the  spring,  and  cuttings 
of  young  wood  will  root  at  almost  any  time  if  given 
a  little  bottom  heat.  Shoots  of  a  more  woody 
nature  will  form  roots  during  July  and  August  if 
placed  under  a  bell  glass.  Seeds  are  occasionally 
produced,  and  when  procurable  they  may  be 
sown  as  soon  as  ripe.  C.  Emerus  is  a  very  good 
plant  for  a  wall,  and  we  have  a  nice  example 
growing  at  the  base  of  a  gft.  wall  with  ?  lorth 
aspect. — B.,  Chepstow. 


AN    ATTR.ACTIVE    DELPHINIUM. 

nPHERE  is  no  resisting  the  appeal  of  Delphinium 
Theodore.  Few  plants  have  the  power  of 
attraction  that  this  lovely  plant  possesses,  and 
running  through  a  very  large  number  of  striking 
varieties,  in  my  mind,  I  cannot  recall  any  other 
which  can  be  regarded  as  being  on  a  level  in  the  way 
of  colouring  with  Theodore.  To  know  this  plant  is 
to  love  it,  for  here  upon  its  flat  shining  petals  is  the 
colouring  of  the  most  brilliant  Gentian  blue— not 
heavy,  neither  inclined  to  mauve  or  purple  or 
violet  as  are  so  many  of  the  leading  modern 
Delphiniums  but  just  that  intense  shining  rich 
blue  which  must  hold  enthralled  all  who  see  this 
glorious  flower  en  masse  for  the  first  time.  In 
habit  it  is  much  after  the  style  of  Persimmon. 
The  same  erect,  graceful  habit,  the 
same  flat  blossoms  beautifully 
spaced  out,  the  same  freedom  and 
continuity  of  blossom.  I  cannot 
compare  it  i.i  colour  with  Persimmon, 
it  is  too  brilliant,  too  decided  in 
tone  !  If  anything  it  has  an  even 
lietter  constitution,  and  to  readers 
in  search  of  an  ideal  Delphinium, 
may  I  commend  to  them  Theodore. 
— P.  S.  Hayward,  Great  Claclon, 
Essex. 

FLORAL    PICTURES. 

TT  is  generally  accepted  that  we  are 
slaves  to  fashion,  and  this  is 
nowhere  more  noticeable  than  in  the 
cultivation  and  arrangement  of 
flowers,  many  even  of  the  greatest 
floricultural  enthusiasts  failing  in 
originality.  It  is  so  easy  to  follow 
the  beaten  track.  How  rarely  does 
one  see  flowers  artistically  arranged 
indoors  ?  Instead  of  a  picture  one 
finds  a  heterogeneous  mass  of  clash- 
ing colours,  a  lack  of  harmony.  The 
ludicrous  idea  of  floating  flowers  in 
a  flat  bowl  has  apparently  been 
adopted  by  the  world  and  his  wife. 
The  black  bowl  is  effective,  at 
times  even  beautiful,  but  its  latest 
developments  are  nothing  less  than 
monstrosities.  The  secret  of 
artistic  arfcoration  lies  in  selecting  one's  bowl 
or  vase  with  due  regard  to  the  form  and  to 
the  colour  of  one's  flowers.  As  a  rule,  the 
elaborate  centrepiece  with  its  four  corner 
supports  is  used  year  in  and  year  out.  Quality 
or  intrinsic  value  are,  however,  of  little  importance. 
That  a  bowl  is  of  cut  glass  matters  little  urJess 
it  be  of  the  shape  required — perhaps  for  a  mass 
of  Foxgloves  or  Canterbury  Bells.  A  pink  vase 
alone  is  often  impossible,  but  it  can  be  turned  into 
a  thing  of  beauty  if  fiUed  with  soft  shades  of  purple. 
.A  brown  earthenware  casserole  sounds  crude, 
but  even  this  is  curiously  beautiful  when  filled 
with  Viola  gracihs  or  Viola  Bronze  Kintore. 
The  slender  stems  of  Heuchera  demand  a  slender 
vase.  Daffodils  and  Narcissi  in  silver  vases 
cannot  compare  with  the  same  in  common  green 
earthenware.  If  the  vessel  is  the  framework, 
the  foliage  is  the  background  of  the  picture,  and 
few  look  for  this  beyond  gi'eenhouse  and  flower 
garden,  thus  missing  the  many  treasures  to  be 
found  in  kitchen  garden  and  hedgerow.  Parsley 
leaves  provide  an  effective  substitute  for  the  hot- 
house Fern,  Asparagus  for  the  so-called  Asparagus 
Fern.  Variegated  Kale  is  an  old  favourite,  and 
the  autumn  tints  of  Parsnip  and  Carrot  are  almost 
too  well  known  to  be  mentioned.  Simplicity  and 
harmony  are  the  ends  to  aim  at,  but  these  will 
not  be  obtained  until  a  vase  of  flowers  comes  to 
be  considered  rather  as  a  work  of  art  than  as  an 
essential  piece  of  furniture, — Sybil. 


194 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  i6,  1921. 


THE   COLOURS    OF    BACKGROUNDS   AT 
FLOWER    SHOWS 


Now  that  the  season  of  shows  is  upon  us 
the  consideration  of  what  is  the  best 
background  against  which  to  display 
our  exhibit  becomes  to  some  a  matter 
of  serious  consideration.  The  choice 
of  colours  (including  black  and  white)  is  not  a  very 
wide  one,  except  as  regards  the  particular  shade 
to  be  used,  and  those  Siamese  twins  of  surface  and 
texture.  In  my  own  mind  I  associate  black  with 
Sutton's,  and  remember  how  well  their  group 
ooked  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Daffodil  Show  last  April.  I  associate  white  with 
Engleheart  and  remember,  too,  how  well  his 
poeticus  looked  against  their  white  background 
on  the  same  occasion.  But  it  must  be  mentioned 
that  the  black  was  velvet  and  the  wliite  a  dull 
surfaced  cotton  sheet.  One  of  the  most  dainty 
and  delightful  exhibits  that  it  has  been  my  good 
fortune  to  see  was  that  of  different  varieties  of 
Scabiosa  caucasica  staged  by  Messrs.  Isaac  House 
and  Son  at  Shrewsbury  last  year.  It  had  a  white 
background  ;  but  charming  as  it  was,  I  think, 
had  cotton  sheeting  been  used  in  the  place  of  the 
colder-looking  paper,  it  would  have  been  even 
more  lovely. 

Besides  black  and  white,  the  only  two  colours 
that  come  into  practical  politics  are  green  and 
grey  and  all  their  various  shades.  One  of  the 
things  I  have  always  been  going  to  do,  but  so  far 
have  never  accomplished,  is  to  put  up  a  big  exhibit 
of  Tulips  at  Vincent  Square.  I  have,  however, 
experimented  with  various  backgrounds.  If  the 
question  of  cost  did  not  come  in  I  am  disposed 
to  think  billiard  table  cloth  of  a  suitable  shade 
suits  the  splendour  of  the  flower  better  than  any- 
thing, but  what  I  finally  settled  upon,  if  theexhiliit 
ever  gets  put  up,  was  a  sort  of  dull,  smooth- 
surfaced  thin  felt  or  baize  of  a  dove  grey  colour — 
almost  what  might  be  called  a  neutral  tint,  but 
somewhat  warmer  in   tone.     It  is   interesting   to 


note  that  the  "Repertoire  de  Couleurs  "  (Paris, 
1905)  has  its  patches  of  colour  on  a  white  ground, 
and  that  Ridgway's  "  Color  Standards  and  Color 
Nomenclature"  (Washington  D.  C,  1912)  has  a 
neutral  grey.  In  a  practical  way  the  grey  is  the 
more  satisfactory,  but  I  am  wondering  if  the 
substitution  of  a  dull  black  would  not  be  better 
stiU,  as  tending  to  bring  out  more  clearly  small 
differences  of  shade  ?  I  am  led  to  ask  the  question 
after  a  conversation  with  my  tailor  about  detecting 
small  differences  of  shade  in  dark  coloured  sewing 
silk.  It  was  a  mistake,  he  said,  for  trav,.llers  to 
have  their  colour  patches  of  silk  on  a  white  ground. 
The  eye  was  blinded  by  the  white  glare  for  detecting 
fine  distinctions,  and  by  ocular  demonstration 
he  convinced  me  that  notliing  is  so  good  as  black. 
It  was  surprising  how  very  dark  shades  of  blue  and 
green  became  quite  distinct  with  dead  black  back- 
grounds, while  with  white  it  was  pretty  well  six 
to  one  and  half  a  dozen  to  the  other.  If  the 
staging  of  a  big  show  like  that  say,  of  the  Sweet 
Pea  Society  were  to  be  set  out  with  black,  the 
effect  would  be  quite  too  funereal,  and  so  I  think 
the  remedy  would  be  worse  than  allowing  matters 
to  remain  in  statu  quo  ;  but  for  comparatively 
small  individual  displays  there  is  much  to  be  said 
for  black,  both  when  the  object  aimed  at  is  the 
gener.il  effect  of  the  whole  exhibit,  as  in  the  case 
of  Sutton's  ;  and  also  when  the  bringing  out  of  the 
differences  of  the  various  varieties  is  the  end  in 
view.  J.  J. 


RHODODENDRON 
N.  N.  SHERWOOD 

Among  the  large  number  of  hybrid  Rhododendrons 
flowering  in  The  Dell  at  Kew  during  the  first  half 


of  April,  the  variety  N.  N.  Sherwood  (illustrated) 
is  conspicuous.  Robust  and  clean  in  growth, 
the  illustration  gives  a  good  idea  of  its  free-blooming 
qualities  and  the  well-set-up  trusses  of  flowers. 
The  colour  is  a  glowing  bright  pink.  The  parents 
of  N.  N.  Sherwood  are  the  early  flowering  pinky 
white  variety,  Venus  and  Sebastopol.  It  was 
raised  by  Messrs.  Fisher,  Son  and  Sibray,  Limited, 
of  Handsworth  Nurseries,  Sheffield,  about  twenty 
years  ago.  A  companion  variety.  Duchess  of 
Portland,  was  raised  by  the  same  firm,  and  is 
illustrated  in  The  Garden,  May  i6,  1903,  page 
340,  following  an  award  of  merit  by  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  on  April  21.  Duchess  of 
Portland  is  the  result  of  a  cross  between  Hands- 
worth  Early  White  poUinated  with  R.  barbatum. 
There  is  evidence  of  the  vigour  of  the  latter  parent 
in  the  foliage  of  the  hybrid,  though  a  tinge  of  pink 
may  be  seen  in  the  opening  flowers.  As  a  garden 
plant  Duchess  of  Portland  is  certainly  one  of  the 
best  pure  white  Rhododendrons  grown. 


The  Treatment  of  Lupinus 
arboreus 

In  his  delightful  article  on  Lupines,  "  J.  H.," 
on  page  136,  refers  to  the  Tree  Lupine,  Lupinus 
arboreus,  and  remarks  that  this  is  "  too  large 
for  the  ordinary  border."  This  is  true,  so  far, 
but  by  dint  of  hard  cutting  back  after  flowering 
the  Tree  Lupine  can  be  kept  a  suitable  size  for^a 
fairly  large  border.  It  is  well  known  that  these 
Tree  Lupines  sometimes  fail  without  any  apparent 
reason  after  having  grown  for  a  few  years.  Cutting 
them  hard  back  not  only  keeps  them  to  a  reasonable 
size  but  appears  to  prolong  their  lives.  If  this 
is  done  annually,  directly  most  of  the  flowers 
are  over,  new  growths  soon  come  and  remove  any 
apparent  bareness  which  shows  immediately 
after  the  cutting  back  is  completed.  The 
branches  may  be  cut  back  to  ift.  or  so  from  the 
main  stem,  and  if  done  in  good  time,  the  fresh 
growths  will  soon  appear  and  a  few  flowers  may 
even  be  produced  in  autumn.  ,   S.  Arnott. 


THE    APRIL-FLOWERING    RHODODENDRON    N.    N.     SHERWOOD. 


SALADS   ALL  THE 
YEAR 

IN  many  gardens  salad  plants  are  available 
during  every  month,  indeed,  every  week, 
throughout  the  year.  A  cultivator  with 
experience,  and  with  the  aid  of  hot-bed 
material  in  sufficient  quantity,  frames  and 
a  forcing  house,  has  not  much  difficulty  in  securing 
such  plants  when  he  requures  them. 

As  the  sun  gains  power,  amateur  cultivators, 
generally,  may  hasten  the  growth  of  salad  plants 
considerably  if  they  possess  glass  structures  and 
means  to  create  a  little  artificial  heat,  even  if  they 
have  not  had  much  practical  experience  in  the 
work. 

Lettuces. — The  Cabbage  varieties  are  the  best 
for  early  use.  In  cases  where  a  batch  of  plants 
were  raised  last  September  and  wintered  in  a  cold 
frame  or  a  partly  sheltered  border,  satisfactory 
progress  is  made  directly  the  severe  frosts  have 
gone.  When  the  thaw  comes  after  each  frost,  the 
covering  material  must  be  gradually  removed  and 
full  ventilation  given  at  the  first  opportunity,  to 
prevent  loss  through  the  damping-off  of  the  plants 
at  the  soU  level.  In  March  the  most  forward 
plants  will  be  ready  for  use.  In  the  meantime, 
sow  more  seeds  very  thinly  in  a  box  or  a  bed  in  a 
cold  frame  to  form  a  succession. 


April  t6,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


vu. 


BEGON  IAS 

In  superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding. 


Doubles,  in  8  colours,  flowers  like  large  Roses  and  Camellias 
Doubles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,  ,,  ,,        ,,  ,, 

Singles,  in  6  colours,  very  large  fine  shaped  flowers 
Singles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,         ,,         ,,  ,, 

,,  Frilled  or  Crested,  in  6  colours 

,,  ,,  ,,  in  mixed  colours 


...  7/-    per  dozen  50/-  per  100 

...  56    „        ,,  40/-    „     ,, 

...  4/6    „        ,,  30/-    ,,     ,, 

...  3/6   ,,        ,,  24/-    ,,     ,, 

...  6/-     ,.         ,,  42/-    ,,     „ 

...  5/-     „  35/-    ,,     „ 

Collection  of  36  large  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15/- 

Send  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations, 
Delphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOW      IS     THE      BEST     TIME     TO      PUANT      DELPHINIUMS. 

We  have  pleasure  in  offering  the  following  Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 

which  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  this  year : — 

Collection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kinds  for    ...     50/- 

Collection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds 40/- 

Collection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      20/-  and  30/- 

CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

BLACKMORE   &   LANGDON,   BATH. 


-^  RITO  multiplies  all  Crops. 

E.xtract  from  letter  received  from  a  pleased  user  near  Bristol ; — 

"In  every  case    there   is  a  marked   increase   in   growth   and    sturdiness   in   the 
portions  treated  with  RITO. 

Broad  Beans  benefited  50  per  cent. 
Peas  ,.         M 

Seedlings  ,.         30 

Carrots  ,,         30 

Onions  „         20 

and  less  fly  attack  where  used." 

Equally    good    reports     from    growers    of    all    Garden    Produce. 

Ppices:— 1     cwt.    23/6,    *-cwt.    12/-,    J-cwt.    6/9,    14   lbs.    3/9,    7   lbs.    2/- 

SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

Mamtfaclttred  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd.,  22.  Tunnel  Az'enne,  Greenwich.  S.E.  10 


The  Rito  Smile. 


SCOTCH  GROWN  TREES 

It  is  not  yet   too   late   to   plant  new  hedges. 
We  have  a  good  stock  of 

THORNS,     BEECH,     O.L.  PRIVET, 
HORNBEAM,    etc. 

Sizes  and   Prices  on  application. 
WE     SPECIALISE     IN 

GRASS     SEED      MIXTURES 

for  Lawns,  etc.      Estimates  on  application. 

SAMSONS    LTD., 

Nurserymen  &  Seedsmen,  KILMARNOCK. 

Established  1759. 


I  KING'S  ACRE  i 

^  i 

%   Bedding  &  Hardy  Herbaceous   i 
I   &  Border   PLANTS  &  VIOLAS 

^  for  Spring  Planting.  A  reliable 
p  and  extensive  stock  of  young, 
^  vigorous  Plants. 

(yp  Illustrated  Catalogue  and  any  information 
W5  required  free  on   request   to 

I  King's  Acre  Nurseries 
I  HEREFORD.   ^'^-    i 


PELARGONIUMS     ZONAL 

SinMle    noiihle.  and   t v\'    Lua\'ei.i,    in    12    fine    varieties,   12/- 
per   dozun ;     12   choice  varieties,  20/-   per   dozen.      Carriage 

paid  for  cash  with  order. 

Catalogue  of  Florist's  Flowers  and  Hurdy  Border  Plants 

free  on  aPfy'ication  fo 

JOHN      FORBES      (Hawick),      Limited, 

The     King's     Nurserymen, 

HAWICK,     SCOTLAND. 


Perpetual  Flowering  Carnations 

PLANTS  IN  6in.  POTS 
IN  -BUD  for  immediate 
delivery  from  35/-  per  doz., 
carriage  extra.  YOUNG 
STOCK  —  all  varieties  — 
for  April  delivery  from 
3^in.  Pots,  stopped  and 
broken.  We  can  offer 
the  under-mentioned 
collections,  carriage  and 
packing  paid  for 
cash  ; — 

Co  I.  No.  la.— 12  Dislinci  Cot  Flower  Varieties,  24i- 

Coll   No.  2a.— 12         „         „    &  Exhibition  do..  27  6 

Coll.  No.  3a.— too  Plants  in  twelve  really  good  distinct 

varieties,  150'-.      Carriage  and  pacliing  paid  for  cash 

ALLWOODII— THE  NEW  HARDY  PLANT. 

It  needs  no  culture,  but  grows  and  flowers  perpetually  from 
Spring  to  Winter.  All  twelve  varieties  available,  and  for  the 
convenience  of  our  Clients  we  offer  the  undermentioned 
collections  at  carriage  and  packing  paid  prices  for  cash 
A-ith  order  : — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6DistinctVarieties  11,- 

Coll.  No.  2b.~9         „  „        (includinfi  3  novelties)  23/6 

Coll.  No.  3b.-12       „  ..    (including  all  6  novelties)  40/- 

Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  cash. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET,    fid.    post    free. 

Our  fttlly  iUttstmted  and  descriptive  Catalogue  will  be  gladly  sent 
p(>\t  free  on  request. 

>  Wbcn  yon  think  of  CarnalioDs  yon  think  or 


CARNATIONS 

Why  pay  high  railway  rates? 

TRY     MY 

Parcel  Post  Collections. 


PLANTS  OUT  OF  \i   INCH  POTS. 

20    in  20  varieties 20/- 

50    in  50  varieties  ...  ...     50/- 

100    in   100  varieties  ...  100/- 

All    Free    by    Post. 


C.   ENGELMANN, 

Carnation   Grower, 
SAFFRON      \A/ALDEN. 


SEED  POTATOES 

Scotch  and  Yorkshire  Grown. 

ALL   THE    LEADING    VARIETIES. 
No   Better  Stocks  Obtainable. 


Send     for    Catalogue. 


ISAAC  POAD  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
Seed   Potato   Merchants,   YORK. 


EVERYMAN'S    SEED    SOWER 


The  leadins  (Uraatioo  Rait«ri  aod  Specialists  io  the  World*  Dept.  4. 

HAYWARDS   HEATH.   SUSSEX 


SAVES 

THINNING 
OUT. 

IPATKSTt 

Indispensable 

to  all 

Gardeners. 


'Evervmans 

Wa//  Clip 
for  training 

Trees,  Ramblers. 

\  etc.. 


Sample  Box  1/6 


EVERYMAN'S 

WALL -CUP 

Highly 
recommended. 

See   Article 

"  How  to  Clothe  New 
Walls," 

174.   The  Garden, 
9th  April. 


From 
Leading  Sundriesmen, 
Army  &  Navy   Stores, 
Civil  Serv  ce    Stores, 
Messrs.  Barr  d  Son& 

etc. 


If   your  Dealer  is  out   of   stock,   send    P.O.   and 

2d.   extra  for  postage  to 

HOUSE     &     GARDEN     SUNDRIES     CO., 

Dept.  Q.,     10,     EASTCHEAP,      E.C.3. 


vin. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April   i6,   1921. 


LETHORIOIN 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

in  this  Fumigator! 

Prices.— No.  1,  for  Frames  and   "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 

cubic  ft..  10d.  each  ;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 

1.500  cubic  ft.,  1 ,3  each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 

Greenhouses    from    2.000  to   2,500   cubic   ft.,    1/9  each. 

<t  TFM  A,  "V  "     The  New  and  Most   Succesaful 

A  i:«i^^^.^V        GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It  is   rapidly  taking  the   place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1/6,3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  Alsoin  bulk  at  reduced  rates 


RetJistered  Trade  Marli  6295. 


FOWLER'S    LAWN    SAND 

ESTABLISHED     IN     1875 

For  destroying  Daisies,  Dandelions.  Plant.iins.  Ribbed  Crass.  Thistles 
and  other  weeds  on  Lawns,  Croquet  Grounds,  Bowlinti  Greens. 
Parks,  etc.,  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  th  / 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass. 

Many  preparations  are  on  the  market  under  this  name,  hut  no  article 
differs  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  money's  worth  generally. 

TO     BE     HAD    FROM      THE     THADE     GENEHALLY. 
Pricks— Tins.  1/8.  3  9.  7/-  ;  B.i-s  -ISU-s.  11  -.  .Sf^lbs   21'-.  I  i-'Ibs.  39  - 
Sole    Manufacturers:     CORRY    &    CO..    LtJ..    London.   S.E  1 . 


Stimulates  the  soil,  assists  the  functions  ot  soil  bacteria 
and  corrects  acidity.  Ask  your  Seedsman,  or  write  to 
STONEflOUSE    Hort.   Dept..    WEST    BROMWICH 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

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Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
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LIST  42  POST  FREE 

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On    the    market 
for      over     40    years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over     the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,     they     stand    unrivalled     at     the 
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PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

—A  tlioroughly  practical  und  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  LAURENCE  J.  COOK, 
ib  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  if' 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
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April  i6,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


195 


Radishes. — -Thrse  are  readily  forced  on  a  mild 
hot-bed  or  in  a  border,  without  the  bottom  heat,  in 
a  greenhouse  if  frosts  can  be  excluded.  A  fairh' 
rieli  soil,  about  7  inches  deep,  made  moderateh- 
firm,  will  be  suitable.  Sow  the  seeds  thinly,  about 
one  inch  apart,  cover  lightly  and  water  through  a 
iiire  rosed  watering  can.  I  do  not  know  of  a 
better  variety  than  the  French  Breakfast.  To 
form  a  succession,  prepare  a  bed  at  the  foot  of  a 
wall  facing  due  south  and  sow  seeds  there,  thinly. 
Even  a  narrow  strip  of  ground,  9  inches  wide, 
against  the  wall  itself,  will  suffice  to  produce  dozens 
of  bunches  if  the  length  be  reasonable. 

Young  Onions. — Onion  seed  is  valuable  and 
must  not  be  wasted  ;  it  will  not  be  waste,  however, 
if  a  few  seeds  of  some  small  bulbing  varieties  be 
sown  thinly  in  boxes  about  7  inches  deep,  filled 
with  a  rich  compost  and  moderately  firmed. 
These  resultant  plants  may  be  subjected  to  a  warm 
greenhouse  temperature.  In  a  short  time  they 
will  be  available  for  pulling  and  prove  very  welcome 
for  salads. 

Cucumbers. — The  plants  require  heat,  and 
cannot  be  very  satisfactorily  grown  in  a  tempera- 
ture lower  than  normal  summer  heat.  So  an 
early  attempt  at  growing  these  much  desired 
salad  plants  should  not  be  made  unless  the  necessary 
heat  is  available.  In  a  too  cold  temperature 
the  leaves  turn  yellow  and  the  fruits  fail  to  set 
and  swell.  Other  conditions  being  favourable, 
however,  provide  a  rich  rooting  medium  on  a 
mild  hot  bed,  and  surface  dress  with  a  light,  rich 
compost,  frequently,  or  as  often  as  the  roots 
appear  on  the  surface. 

Beet. — The  young  plants  are  not  as  tender  as 
many  cultivators  suppose  they  are.  True,  a  cold 
rooting  medium  is  very  inimical  to  their  growth, 
so  that,  in  general,  the  sowing  of  the  seeds  is 
mostly  done  in  May,  not  earlier  than  the  latter  part 
of  .\pril.  But  where  there  is  a  nice  depth  of  light 
soil  at  the  foot  of  a  wall  or  fence  facing  south,  the 
iimateur  cultivator  need  not  hesitate  to  sow  seeds 
there  about  the  middle  of  March.  From  such 
sowings  the  resultant  roots  are  ready  for  use  the 
third  week  in  July  and  are  much  appreciated  then 
in  sahids. 

Tomatoes. — The  earliest  plants  should  be 
fruited  in  9 -inch  flower  pots  placed  in  a  warm 
position  in  a  glass  structure ;  they  may  be  forced 
on  with  other  miscellaneous  plants  that  require  a 
rather  high  temperature,  as  early  fruits  are  chiefly 
desired,  not  exactly  a  heavy  crop. 

Celery.- — My  plan  of  growing  very  early  Celery 
for  salads  is.  to  prefer  the  early  white  varieties  ; 
to  raise  seedlings  in  a  shallow  pan  placed  on  a  mild 
hot-bed  and  finally  plant  them  out  in  a  deep  soil 
so  that  the  sticks  can  be  easily  blanched  in  sand 
between  two  or  more  boards  placed  on  edge. 

G.   G. 


A    SYSTEM     OF     CROP     ROTATION     FOR 
THE    KITCHEN    GARDEN 

A   Defi?iite   Plan    and  its   Advantages 


How  to  Grow  Mistletoe 

The  mouth  of  April  is  the  time  to  start  growing 
Mistletoe.  The  mode  of  procedure  is  very  simple. 
Merely  press  the  berry  against  the  bark  of  the 
tree  on  which  it  is  wished  to  grow  it.  The  berry 
will  burst  and  the  seed  inside  will  adhere  to  the 
bark  as  if  stuck  with  seccotine.  It  is  best  to 
place  it  on  the  sunny  side  of  the  tree  about  6ft. 
or  8ft-  high.  Do  not  grow  it  on  young  Apple 
trees,  better  on  old  trees  not  producing  much  or 
any  fruit.  It  grows  admirably  on  the  Mountain 
Asli  or  Poplar,  but  is  rare  on  the  Pear  and  other 
fruit  and  forest  trees.  In  a  few  weeks  the  little 
green  plant  appears  and  in  a  few  years  the  growth 
is  rapid.  In  foreign  countries  there  is  a  red 
berried  variety. 

Holywood.  Co.  Down.  VVai.teh  Smyth. 


THE  question  of  rotation  or  repetition  in 
vegetable  growing  is  raised  by  "  A.  D.  T." 
in  liis  interesting  article  on  page  89,  and 
points  are  dealt  with  which  concern 
those  who  have  attempted  to  systemise 
this  department  of  gardening. 

After  working  a  kitchen  garden  in  a  rather 
haphazard  manner  for  a  little  time  and  suffering 
the  consequent  inconvenience,  the  writer  devised 
and  put  into  practice  the  following  scheme,  and 
has  found  that  the  carrying  out  of  the  work 
according  to  a  set  plan  has  been  the  means  of 
avoiding  difficulties  that  had  previously  occurred. 
Although  it  has  proved  quite  satisfactory  in 
practice,  the  scheme  is  not  put  forward  as  being 
a  perfect  one,  as  it  may  not  suit  all  gardens.  It 
may,  however,  be  useful  as  a  basis  for  planning 
rotation,  and  might  be  adapted  to  individual 
cases  by  making  the  alterations  rendered  necessary 
owing  to  special  circumstances. 

The  essential  feature  is  the  division  of  the 
garden  into  four  plots  of  approximately  equal 
size  and,  if  possible,  of  similar  shape.  Each  of 
the  four  plots  undergoes  a  complete  series  of 
changes  every  four  years,  and  probably  the 
simplest  method  will  be  to  describe  the  history  of 
one  plot  for  its  four-year  period. 

First  Year. — The  season  starts  with  the  ground 
in  good  condition  for  sowing  and  planting,  as  it 
has  been  rough-dug  and  exposed  to  frost  through- 
out the  winter.  During  the  first  year  the 
plot  is  used  for  those  vegetables  of  which  a  few 
rows  are  sufficient  and  which — with  one  exception — 
are  harvested  the  same  year  as  sown,  e.g..  Broad 
Beans,  Shallots,  Onions,  Peas,  Dwarf  and  Runner 
Beans,  Beet,  Carrots  and — -the  exception — ^Celery. 
The  list  may  be  extended,  but  should  include, 
with  the  exception  of  the  last  named,  only  those 
items  which  can  be  cleared  away  before  the  end 
of  the  year.  Further,  sowing  and  planting  should 
be  done  in  such  a  manner  that  when  the  crops  are 
cleared  off  the  clearing  proceeds  steadUy  across 
the  plot.  This  condition  need  not  interfere  with 
the  correct  spacing  of  tall-growing  Peas  and 
Beans ;  further,  Onions  and  Shallots  are  kept 
together  at  one  end  for  convenience  in  manuring. 
When  the  latter  are  harvested  that  portion  of 
the  ground  that  they  occupied  is  dug  and  made 
ready  to  take  the  August-sown  Cabbage  early  in 
October. 

The  rest  of  the  plot  is  dug  as  the  other  crops 
are  cleared  off,  and  is  then  used  for  various  pur- 
poses :  as  a  seed-bed  for  July  and  August  sowings 
of  flowers  and  vegetables  intended  for  subsequent 
transplanting,  and  also  for  anything  that  can  be 
cleared  by  the  following  spring,  but  in  no  case 
later  than  the  third  week  in  JIay. 

Second  Year. — ^The  next  crop  consists  of  those 
vegetables  which  stand  through  the  winter.  It 
is  convenient  to  group  these  on  the  same  plot 
in  order  to  obviate  going  from  one  part  of  the 
garden  to  another  when  getting  vegetables  in  bad 
weather.  The  list  includes  Brussels  Sprouts, 
Kales,  Savoys,  Broccoli  of  sorts,  Swedes,  Leeks 
and  Parsnips.  The  space  from  which  the  Celery 
has  been  cleared  is  at  once  sown  with  Parsnips, 
and  these  do  well,  as  the  soU  has  been  left  in  good 
condition  for  them  after  the  deep  digging  and  hea\y 
manuring  required  by  Celery. 

The  spring  Cabbage  is  in  use  while  planting  of 
the  other  greens  is  in  progress,  and  wiU  have  been 
cleared   by  August  or  September,    even  if  left   to 


sprout  in  order  to  provide  small  Cabbages  later 
in  the  season.  The  winter  greens  and  other  winter 
vegetables  will  be  gradually  used  up  during  the 
spring  of  the  third  year. 

Third  Year. — -The  "crop"  to  follow  is  thepoultry, 
and  the  birds  may  be  moved  on  to  the  land  at  • 
any  time  after  the  spring  Cabbages  have  been 
cleared  off.  The  whole  of  the  plot  is  not  available 
at  first,  but  the  semi-intensive  system  is  followed, 
and  during  the  autumn  and  winter  the  full  out- 
door run  is  not  necessary,  as  on  many  days  the 
weather  is  too  bad  for  the  birds  to  be  allowed  out 
of  doors.  In  the  spring  the  amount  of  ground 
available  is  increased  as  the  season  advances 
and  the  greens  are  used  up.  This  is  easily  arranged 
by  making  the  run  of  wire-netting  mounted  on 
mo\'able  frames. 

The  chicken  house  is  built  in  sections,  and  is 
therefore  easily  movable.  September  is  chosen 
as  the  time  for  moving.  This  is  in  good  time  for 
the  birds  to  settle  down  for  winter  laying.  If 
September  (of  the  second  3-ear)  is  not  convenient, 
the  following  March  may  be  selected  when  the 
birds  are  in  full  lay,  as  a  disturbance  at  this  time 
is  less  likely  to  check  egg  production  than  at  any 
other  period  of  the  laying  season. 

The  writer  finds  the  September  move  is  to  be 
preferred,  as  it  provides  a  good  opportunity  for 
getting  the  puUets  into  their  winter  quarters 
without  the  trouble  of  a  second  move  later  on, 
and  it  also  enables  the  winter's  work  to  be  put  in 
hand.  Time  is  more  easily  spared  in  September 
than  in  March. 

If  no  separate  corner  is  available  for  dumping 
and  burning  rubbish,  this  can  be  done  in  the 
poultry- run.  The  potash  resulting  from  bonfires 
is  available  for  the  following  crop  and  there  is  the 
additional  advantage  that  the  insect  life  which 
tlourishes  in  the  average  rubbish-heap,  to  the 
detriment  of  the  garden  as  a  whole,  is  available 
for  the  birds.  Moreover,  the  stems  of  the  winter 
greens  which  form  a  considerable  part  of  the 
spring  bonfire  are  burnt  on  the  spot. 

During  the  summer  of  the  third  year  a  part 
of  the  ground  is  dug  at  regular  mtervals,  so  that 
the  whole  is  completely  turned  over  at  least  twice 
in  the  season.  The  soil  is  thus  kept  sweet  for 
the  poultry,  the  manure  which  it  is  receiving  is 
thoroughly  distributed,  and  the  insects  and  worms 
brought  to  the  surface  are  a  welcome  addition  to 
the  birds'   food  supply. 

Fourth  Year. — When  the  birds  are  moved  in 
the  autunui  of  the  third  year  the  ground  is  dug 
and  left  exposed  to  the  frost  during  the  winter 
The  spring  finds  it  in  excellent  condition  for 
the  last  crop,  viz  ,  Potatoes.  When  the  crop 
is  lifted  in  the  autumn  digging  follows  the 
lifting,  and  a  second  winter's  exposure  to  frost 
leaves  the  ground  ready  for  the  first  year  of  a 
second  rotation. 

Manuring.— It  may  be  well  to  refer  briefly 
to  this  question  When  the  Potatoes  are  to  be 
planted  the  gi-ound  will  be  well  supplied  with 
poidtry  manure,  and  a  little  Wakeley's  hop  manure 
in  the  trenches  at  the  time  of  planting  should  ensure 
a  good  crop.  The  vegetables  mentioned  under 
"first  year"  above  may  be  classed  in  three 
groups  :  (a)  those  which  are  gross  feeders,  such 
as  Onions  ;  (b)  those  which  require  chiefly  phos- 
phates and  potash,  e.g..  Peas  and  Beans;  (c)  root 
crops.  The  last  require  no  fresh  manure,  but 
should  do  well  after  the  Potatoes,  and  are  best 


196 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  i6,  1921. 


treated  with  liquid  manure  if  required.  Tlie 
first  group  receives  dressings  of  poultry  manure 
from  the  cleaning  of  the  fowl-house  ;  the  balance 
of  this,  after  diverting  to  other  parts  of  the  garden 
any  that  may  be  required,  goes  to  the  Leeks  and 
winter  greens.  Phosphates  and  potash  are  supplied 
as  artificials ;  and  where  it  is  necessary  to  use 
lime,  this  is  best  done  at  the  end  of  the  "first" 
year,  some  few  weeks  before  the  greens  are 
planted  out 

The  litter  for  the  fowls'  scratching  shed  is  renewed 
yearly,  that  which  is  removed  being  dug  in  to 
provide  a  foundation  for  the  Celery  trenches. 

It  may  be  considered  that  the  labour  entailed 
in  moving  birds  more  than  counterbalances  any 
advantages  to  be  derived  from  this  system.  But 
such  labour  can  be  reduced  considerably  by  pro- 
viding the  house  with  two  exits  and  placing  it 
in  such  a  position  that  one  gives  access  to  the 
plot  in  use,  the  other  to  the  next  plot  to  be  occupied. 
This  means  that  the  moving  is  only  necessary 
every  second  year,  as  the  new  plot  is  brought  into 
use  by  moving  the  wire  netting  and  using  the 
second  exit.  If  a  second  house  were  provided 
and  placed  in  a  similar  position  with  regard  to 
the  other  two  plots,  house  moving  would  be 
abolished.  That  not  occupied  by  the  birds  would 
make  a  convenient  store  for  Bean-sticks,  Straw- 
berry nets  and  similar  material. 

1  he  running  of  poultry  on  each  section  of  a 
kitchen  garden  in  turn  is  of  great  benefit  to  the 
gardener,  as,  in  addition  to  the  systematic  distri- 
bution of  a  valuable  manure,  the  birds  are  of 
service  in  the  destruction  of  insect  life  and  of 
weeds  on  the  ground  they  occupy.  The  wTiter's 
experience  in  clearing  a  piece  of  land  which  was 
overgrown  with  Jerusalem  Artichokes  that  had 
run  wild  and  was  also  infested  with  beU-wind 
is  that  the  persistent  trampling  and  pecking 
received  from  the  birds  discourages  even  the  most 
fearsome  of  weeds. 

Other  advantages  of  the  scheme  are  the  four- 
year  rotation,  which  considerably  checks  club- 
root  and  other  diseases  that  lie  in  wait  in  the  soil, 
and  its  flexibility.  By  the  latter  is  meant  the 
variation  which  may  be  made,  if  desired,  in  the 
proportions  of  the  different  vegetables  grown. 
For  example,  a  portion  of  the  ground  devoted  to 
Potatoes  could  be  used  for  other  crops  having  a 
similar  season,  or  early  Potatoes  could  be  grown 
on  the  same  plot  as  the  Peas.  Again,  the  winter 
greens  have  the  advantage  of  growing  by  them- 
selves and  not  between  rows  of  Potatoes.  The 
latter  plan  hinders  the  early  development  of  the 
Brassicas,  which  grow  into  small  tough  plants 
whose  chief  aim  seems  to  be  to  get  in  the  way 
while  Potato  digging  is  inprogress.         H.   J.   E. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


OBITUARY 


JAMES    SENDALL    DAVISON. 

Westwick  House  Gardens,  Norfolk,  and  a 
Davison  in  charge  have  been  linked  together  for 
nearly  loo  years.  James  Davison,  who  held  the 
position  as  head  of  these  gardens,  1866-1891,  passed 
away  on  April  2  in  his  eighty-third  year.  At 
Norfolli  and  Norwich  Shows  in  the  'seventies  and 
'eighties  he  was  a  strong  fighter  for  honours  and 
generally  a  good  winner.  He  did  not  specialise, 
but  laid  himself  out  to  produce  the  best  only  of 
flowers,  fruit  and  vegetables.  The  woods  and 
forestry  of  this  charming  district  owe  much  of  their 
beauty  to  his  oversight  and  care.  He  leaves 
several  sons,  of  whom  George,  who  succeeded  him 
in  the  gardens,  is  the  best  known  in  the  world  ot 
horticulture. 


QUESTIONS  AND  knSVi  EUS^^T  he  Ed  i  to  rnidcavours 
to  make  The  Garden  hclp/iil  to  all  readers  tvho  desire 
assistance,  no  nmtter  uhtit  the  branch  of  (jardeving  inay  he, 
and  mth  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  comnnmicMions  should  he 
clearly  and  eoncisely  tvritten  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  G.arden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C'.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  desi<mation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  nwre  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piecp.  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-n'ool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  inhere  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  biisiness  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


FLOWER     GARDEN. 

DIERAMA  (SPARAXIS)  PULCHERRIMUM  (Rev. 
J.  W.  R.  B.). — There  can  be  no  mistake  about  tlie  Wand- 
Flower  illustrated  in  our  Issue  of  March  32.  Jt  is  unhke 
any  other  plant  of  our  acquaintance  in  graceful  carriage 
and  unusual  flower  beauty.  It  is  found  in  Cape  Colony — 
as  witness  your  own  Graliamstown  experience — and  else- 
where in  the  ueighbouring  regions.  The  more  irurely 
bulbous  section  of  the  race— the  forms  of  D.  tricolor  and 
others — are  much  dwarfer  and  erect,  the  colours  often  of 
exceptional  brilliancy.  These  are  South  African,  too. 
and  like  many  other  bulbous  plants  in  that  and  other 
warm  countries,  often  bury  themselves  deeply  in  the  pround. 
D.  piilcherrimum  in  all  its  forms  is  impatient  of  removal, 
and  resents  drying  off  in  the  usually  accepted  sense  of  the 
term.  When  division  of  the  clumps  is  necessary  this 
should  be  done  in  spring  with  retuminu  iiro»\-tli.  As  the 
clumps  are  rather  slow  to  establish,  seedling-raising  should 
be  resortea  to  in  lieu  of  division.  When  tlie  latter  is 
attemptCQ  it  were  better  that  the  units  be  potted  in  small 
pots— preferably  at  their  sides — and  so  establish  the  plants 
before  colonising  them  in  garden  or  woodland.  The 
subject  of  our  note  has  the  peculiarity  of  succeeuing  in 
deep  sandy  soils  in  hot  positions  and  iii  quite  moist  situa- 
tions too.  In  the  latter  beside  a  streamlet  feeding  a  bog 
garden  and  where  in  winter  the  water  supply  was  cut  off 
it  was  quite  a  success.  In  the  sun-kissed  garden  of  the 
late  Rev.  Ewbank,  Ryde,  it  was  a  success  among  shrubs 
in  sandy  soil.  Thus  with  two  strings  to  the  cultivator's 
bow  an  opportunity  is  afforded  lor  experiment.  In  anv 
case  the  plant  loves  warmth,  as  witness  its  success  in 
the  Channel  Islands  and  elsewhere.  As  to  soil,  we  haAC 
had  the  greater  success  with  it  in  rich  vegetable  soils, 
peat,  leaf-soil,  very  old  manure  finely  sifted,  and  loam 
equally  with  sand  added.  Generally  it  is  of  a  rather 
voracious  appetite  and  repays  Uberal  fare.  Should  our 
correspondent  again  risk  a  deal  with  the  whit«-fiowered 
variety  we  advise  the  potting  or  boxing  of  the  plants  in  a 
mixture  of  weathered  cinder-ash  and  coconut  fibre  refuse 
in  equal  parts  in  place  of  potting  in  soil  or  planting  in  the 
open  right  away.  The  fibre  mbiture  treatment  %vith  frame 
treatment  for  a  time  invariably  succeeds ;  that  of  the 
soil  is  most  frequently  a  failure. 


TREES    .\ND     SHRUBS. 

TRANSPLANTING  ARAUCARIAS  (Ardtara).— The  only 
possible  chance  of  being  able  to  transplant  the  two  trees 
of  Araucaria  imbricata,  wluch  are  12ft.  high,  successfully 
is  to  move  them  with  a  considerable  mass  of  soil  attached 
to  tlie  roots.  As  they  appear  to  be  young  trees,  they 
will  stand  as  good  a  chance  of  recovery  by  moving  them 
now  as  they  would  were  they  dug  roimd,  given  new  soil, 
and  moved  in  twelve  months'  time.  The  balls  of  soil 
containing  the  root.'-  should  be  tightly  bound  round  with 
canvas  before  attempting  to  move  the  trees.  The  trunks 
must  also  be  kept  upright,  for,  if  laid  on  their  sides,  the 
soil  will  ahnost  certainly  be  separated  from  the  roots. 

THE  MAINTENANCE  OF  YEW  HEDGES  (H.  G.  V.  M., 
Hants). — It  would  appear  as  If  tlie  ground  where  tlie 
hedges  are  planted  was  not  worked  very  well  before  the 
plants  were  inserted.  It  would  be  wise  to  open  a  trench 
along  each  side  of  the  hedges  an^x  fork  the  soil  back  to  the 
roots,  work  the  bottom  well  and  fill  in  with  better  soil 
if  the  present  soil  seems  to  be  poor.  Some  good  might 
be  done  by  giving  an  application  of  fish  manure  dissolved 
in  water  or  of  liquid  cow-manure,  but  if  the  ground  has 
not  been  well  worked  it  is  not  likely  to  do  permanent  good. 
As  the  hedges  do  not  appear  to*  be  in  a  very  vigorous 
condition  it  would  be  unwise  to  cut  them  back  verv 
severely  at  present,  but  they  might  be  reduced  in  height 
by  nins.  or  ISins.     This  work  ooukl  be  done  at  once. 


FRUIT     GARDEN. 

GALVANISED  WIRE-NETTING  AND  FAILURE  IN 
STRAWBERRY  GROWING  (L.  F.  B.,  Woking).— Our 
correspondent's  experience  of  the  result  of  rain  dripping 
from  galvanised  wire  on  to  Strawberry  plants  confirms 
the  experience  of  many  others  growers,  that  it  is  most 
inimical  to  their  successful  growth,  and  we  think  it  is  so 
more  or  less  to  the  growth  of  other  fruit  trees.  Now  is 
a  good  time  to  plant  a  Strawberry  ted.  if  strong,  well 
rooted  plants  (last  year's  runners)  can  be  procured. 


under  the  generic  name  of  peaty  soil,  but  is  very  ilifferent 
from  f>reiiid  peat  or  peat  bog  peat. 

THE  USE  OF  CESSPOOL  REFUSE  IN  THE  GARDEN 
(W.  D..  Sussex). — The  contents  of  tlie  cesspool  should 
certainly  be  usea  on  the  garden,  but  it  will  not  entirely 
take  the  place  of  farmyard  manure,  and  it  shoiUd.  of 
course,  not  come  into  actual  contact  with  the  vegetables. 

ALTERATION  OF  GROUND  IN  FRONT  OF  HOUSE 
(K.  W.,  liants). — If  neither  ttrass  nor  shrubs  may  be 
used  and  tiie  gravel  must  be  reduced,  it  would  appear 
tliat  there  is  nothing  else  to  do  but  to  asphalt  the  area. 
We  should  have  imagined,  however,  that  gravel  might 
Iiave  answered,  and  weeding  could  be  reduced  to  a 
minimum  by  dressing  the  gravel  with  weed-killer 
occasionally. 

LIME  SULPHUR  WASH  (Regular  Reader,  Salop).— 
So  long  as  the  fiowers  are  still  well  in  the  bud  state  it  is 
not  too  late  to  apply,  but  if  expanded  do  not  spray.  In 
sjtraying  let  the  spray  be  made  as  light  and  fine  as  possible. 
Tlie  mixture  is  made  up  as  follows :  Place  lib.  of  quick- 
lime in  a  vessel,  add  a  little  water  and  stir  into  a  paste. 
Then  add  lib.  of  sulphur  and  a  little  water,  and  stir  until 
the  mixture  boils.  Let  it  stand  for  a  day.  stirring 
occasionally.  Then  add  5  gallons  of  water,  strain,  and 
it  is  ready  for  use. 

WEED  IN  LAWN  (C.  L.,  Kent.)— The  weed  infesting 
the  tiirf  is  Cerastium  triviale.  It  is  usually  due  to  poorness 
of  soil.  The  grass  being  very  weak  the  terastium  thrives 
in  the  poorest  soils  and  rapidly  spreads,  killiug  the  grass. 
Several  dressings  of  lawn  sand  will  usually  set  such  matters 
right.  As  our  correspondent's  lawn  is  very  badly  affected 
it  would  be  best  to  rake  out  a  good  proportion  of  the  weed 
with  a  small-toothed  rake  before  applying  the  sand. 
If  this  is  not  effective  the  only  alteniative  is  to  dig  up  the 
lawn,  well  manure  it  and  sow  with  lawn  grass  seeds. 
Most  people  forget  that  mowing  a  lawn  year  after  year 
must  impoverish  the  ground  unless  an  occasional  dressing 
of  rit'li  soil,  mamue.  fertiliser  or  wood-ashes  is  given. 

TRAINING  AS  A  LADY  GARDENER  {O.  Masters, 
Plymouth). — The  only  possible  way  of  "  acquiring  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  gardening  in  all  its  branches " 
is  an  intimate  association  with  the  work  over  a  long 
jieriod  of  years.  There  is  no  other  way.  The  gardener, 
of  necessity,  must  be  associated  daily  with  the  plants  he 
would  grow,  and  even  so,  after  many  years  he  will  find 
much  that  he  has  never  got  in  touch  with.  Commercial 
and  private  gardening,  for  example,  are  so  whoUy  different 
from  each  other,  and  the  departments  in  each  so  varied, 
numerous  and  important  that  they  are  taken  up  separately 
as  special  subjects.  Hence  we  find  specialists  for  Orchids, 
Chr> .santhemums,  Shrubs,  Hardy  Plants,  Carnations,  Ac. ; 
men  who,  having  given  their  whole  attention  to  these 
subjects,  are  not  usually  well  informed  outside  them. 
On  tlie  other  hand  the  men  whu  have  "  acquired  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  gardening  in  all  its  branches  "  are  in  the 
nature  of  a  rarity. 

THE    USE    OF    EXPLOSIVES    FOR    BREAKING    DP 

GROUND  (A.  T.  iM.).— It  is  nut  advisable  to  try  fo  prepare 
your  own  explosives  for  breaking  up  land.  '  Charges  of 
gelignite  or  cheddite  may  be  procured  from  The  Nobles 
Explosive  Company,  Limited.  Cannon  Street  House, 
London,  E.C.4.  or  from  the  head  office  of  the  Company  in 
Cavendish  Square,  with  fuses  and  instructions  for  use 
In  writing  to  the  firm  give  the  kind  of  soil  to  be  opened, 
with  the  depth  and  condition  of  subsoil,  for  the  charge^varies 
according  to  the  kind  of  soil  in  which  it  is  used."  The 
depth  also  varies  according  to  the  condition  of  the  subsoil. 
In  some  cases  it  may  be  necessary  to  insert  the  charges  IJft. 
deep,  in  others  from  2ft.  to  2Ut.  deep,  or  deeper  as  required. 
The  charge  in  any  case  must  be  well  below  the  top  of  the 
subsoil.  Very  little  disturbance  of  the  upper  soil  occms 
if  the  charges  are  inserted  correctly,  but  the  ground  is 
fissured  in  all  directions  beneath  the  surface. 

NAMES    OF    PLANTS.— Mrs.    A.,    Co.    Cork.— Garden 

seedling    Xarcissus ;    impossible   to   name. P.    A.    S., 

Wrexham. — 1.  SeedUng  Narcissus,  cannot  name  ;  2,  Scilla 
italic  a;  3,  Narcissus  minor;  4,  Narcissus,  probably 
cyclamineus  hybrid  ;    5,  Corydalis  bulbosa  ;    6,  Corydalis 

cava  albiflora  ;  7,  Scilla  bifoUa  alba. H.  D.,  Surrey. — 

Erjthronium  californicum. C.  W.,  Taunton. — Lonictra. 

thibetica. K.  A.  R.,  Wimborne. — Spirsea  arguta. 

Eingfisher. — Cydonia  japonica.  var.  alba.  This  may  be 
propagated  by  cuttings  or  by  layers.  Cuttings  of  the 
current  \  ear's  wood,  with  a  heel  attached,  should  be 
inseited  in  ojen  ground  in  early  autumn. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

MOWING  LAWNS  (A.  B.  S.,  CornwaU).— Cut  the  grass 
as  short  as  possible  ;    there  is  no  regulation  height. 

SOIL  FOR  EXAMINATION  (G..  Sussex).— The  soil 
contains  no  lime  and  would,  witli  the  mixtiu-e  of  sand, 
be  useful  for  Heaths,   Azaleas  and   the  like.     It  comes 


Two     Dav     Flower     Shows     in     London. — 

Attention  is  drawn  to  the  change  in  the  arrange- 
ments for  the  Fortnightly  Meetings  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  at  Vincent  Square.  During 
the  months  of  April,  May  and  June  the  meetings 
will  continue  over  a  second  day.  On  Tuesdays 
the  Hall  will  be  open  to  the  public  from  i  till  7, 
and  on  Wednesday's  from  10  till  5. 

A  Beautiful  Hybrid  Magnolia.— Seldom  have 
we  seen  Magnolias  flowering  in  such  great  pro- 
fusion as  they  are  at  the  time  of  Vi'riting.  To 
the  list  of  beautiful  spring  -  flowering  Magnolias 
should  be  added  M.  Lennei,  which  flowers  again 
in  late  summer.  It  is  a  hybrid  resembling 
the  better  known  M.  Soulangeana- — ■indeed,  it  is 
said  to  have  had  the  same  origin,  viz.,  M.  conspicua 
X  obovata,  or  probably  its  variety,  purpurea.  The 
flowers  (illustrated  on  the  front  cover)  are  richly 
coloured — a  beautiful  shade  of  rose  purple  outside 
and  white  inside. 


April   i6.    iq2i.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


IX. 


Effective  Treatment  of  Daffodil  &  other  Bulb  Diseases 


The  certainty,  simplicity  and  economy  of  the 
"  hot- water  treatment"  of  bulb  diseases  have 
been  conclusively  proved.  The  Hearson's  Ther- 
mostatic Bulb  Treatment  Bath  makes  it  possible 
for  the  large  or  small  bulb-grower  to  completely 
annihilate  eelworm  (Tylenchus  devastatrix), 
Merodon  equestris,  and  other  pests  without 
the    slightest    injury    to    the    bulbs    themselves. 

HEARSON S 

THERMOSTATIC  BULB  TREATMENT  BATH 

maintains  the  required  temperature  automatically  and  with  little 
supervision  during  the  whole  period  of  treatment :  the  bath  as  sent 
from  the  factory  is  complete,  self-contained,  and  needs  no  accessories : 
the  economy  of  the  method  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  cost 
of    treating    one   ton    of    bulbs    is    approximately    fifteen    shillings. 


Model  No.  J  (/J  cu't.  of  Bulbs)  Gas  Heated. 

The  Hearson  Thermostatic   Bulb  Treatment 

Baths  are  made  for  heating  by  Gas  or    Oil, 

to  hold  from  a   few    pounds   to   1|    cwt.  of 

bulbs,  and  at  prices  from  £10  to  £45. 


THE     CERTAIN      CURE     FOR     BULB      DISEASES. 

Descriptive  Leaflet  gladly  sent  on  request  to  Dept.  A. 

CHAS.  HEARSON  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  68,  Willow  Walk,  Bermondsey,  London,  S.E.I. 

Telephone    No.:      Hop     163. 


APPOINTMENT 


Ji^  TO    H.M. 

THE       KING. 


RANSOMES' 

LAWN    MOWERS 


"The  BEST  in  the  World.'' 


HAND  LAWN 
MOWERS  OF 
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Also 


MOTOR,    HORSE,   PONY 

donkey""  MOWERS. 
DELIVERY    FROM    STOCK. 

Write  for  List  No.  101  to  : — 

RaNSOMES,  SIMS  &  JEFFERIES,  LTD., 

ORWELL    WORKS, 

IPSWICH. 

Sold    by    all    Ironmongers    and    Seedsmen. 


A  Booklet  contain- 
ing  the  most 
Reliable  Qa  r  d  e  n 
Requisites    for    the 


(( 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


Successful  Cultiva- 
)J     tion     of     Fruit, 
Flowers  and   Vege- 
tables   (post     free). 


"A1 


FUMIGATING 

(Poison) 

COMPOUND 

Price  :    1  Pint  Can, 


Kills  Mealy  Bug, 
Red  Spider,  and  all 
other  Greenhouse 
Pests.  No  trouble. 
No  risk. 
25'-  each. 


SufRcient  Compound  For  40,000  cubic  Feet. 


The  Celebrated  Eclipse  Weed 
Killer  for  Lawns    and  Valu- 
able Fertiliser. 
Prices  : 


LAWN  SAND 

and 

DAISY  KILLER 

31  /6  cwt.,  1  7/-  ^cwt..  9/-  281bs.     Bags  free. 

FENPING   ^^'^S^    stocks  of    Simplex    Chestnut 

LI1UII1U   Fencing.  Quotations      for      any 

quantit\'.        Also    for    Iron    and    Wire     Fencing. 

Write  for  List  of  most  economical  and  durable  styles 


"VFRMinnF"    Worm-killing  Powder.     Non- 
VLnmiUIUL       poisonous.         Never      Fails. 
Harmless    to     \'egetable    and     Animal      Life. 
Prices  :   35/-  per  cwt.,  1  8/-  ^-cwt.    Bags  free. 
Acts  as  a  IVIild  Plant"  Food. 


"VELTHA"     Destroyer        of      all       Fungoid 
"^^'''''         Diseases    attacking     the     Plant 
through  the  Soil.        Prices; 
Emulsion,   15'-  a  gall.;   Powder,  18/-i-cwt. 

CARRIAQE   PAID  ON  ORDERS  £1    AND   UPWARDS 


''Le  Fruitier 


j> 


THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK— VET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS     CENTURY. 

AS     SUPPLIED     TO     THE 

ROYAL     GARDENS,    WINDSOR, 

THE  ROYAL  GARDENS, 
SANDRINQHAM. 

"Your  '  Le  Fruitier'  is  a  splendid  manure. 
I  have  used  it  for  a  number  of  years 
with  the  most  gratifying  results  as  an 
artificial  manure  for  Vines,  Peaches  and 
Tomatoes,  and  I  am  convinced  it  cannot 
be  excelled.  Tho.mas  H.  Cook." 

Prices; 
36/-  cwt.,   19/-  J  cwt.,   10/6  28  lbs., 

6/-    14   lbs.,     3/6    7   lbs.       Bags    Free. 


W»>  WOOD  &  SON  L" 


TELE 


(LATE     OF     WOOD     GREEN) 

PHONE     BURNHAM     79 

GRAMS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOVIT.' 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS" 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April   i6,    iqai. 


I     SPECIAL     BARGAINS ! 


CLOGS 

AT  CUT 
PRICES. 


We  give  details  hereof  a  special  line  of  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  to  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  surplus  stocU,  made  up  for  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day— there's  no  time 
to  put  off. 

C524.     Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,  strong  wood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  uppers,  shape  as 
illustrated. 
Child's  sizes.  7,  8,  9,  and  10.  5|6  for  3/11. 

postpaid 3/11 

Boys'  and  Girls'  sizes.  11.  12,  13.  and  1, 

6/6  for  4(11,  post  paid     4/11 

Youth's  and  Women's  sizes.  2.  3,  4,  and 

5.  7/U  for  5/11.  post  paid  5/1 1 

Women's  and  Men's  sizes.  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 

and  11.  8/11  for  6/11.  post  paid  ...  6/1  1 

Irons  round  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  1,  9d. 

extra-     All  larger  sizes.  1/3  extra. 

All  our  usual  sh.ipes  in  stock.    2  Bucltle.  best  quality, 

8/U,  now  SI-  post  paid.    All  sizes  foi-  nitn  and  women 

same  price.      Wellingtons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 

anu  Watertights  all  reduct;d  10  per  cent. 

Setid  for   nur  CiJtatogue  of  Font- 

u-Ciir  tio-u',      Alt  reduced  '«  Price. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  .iny  time,  in  the  s  ime  way,  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equa I lint>  15cwts.),  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "You-  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  Hower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  WlLKS,  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  fuU  partictihir'i  and  teafimnnials  sent  on  receipt  «f  Potitcard. 

D^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  'VQ 

Prices,   including  bags.  I  bushel  2/3,  A  bushels  6/-,  5-4  bushels  28/9,  in-4  bushels  55/-,  20-4  bushels  100/- 
Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.  Particulars  and  Gu  Tan- 
teed  Analysis  free. 
Prices,  including  bags  :  Small  (about  1  bushel)  2/3,  Large  (about  4  bushels)  6/-, 
5  Large  28/9,  10  Large  55/-,  20  Large  1  DO/-.  Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 
Best  Yellow  Fibrous  Loam,  4/.,  and  Leaf  .Mould.  4./6.  Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 
Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.  Basic  Slag,  8/6.  Superphosphates,  1  2/6.  Bone 
Meal,  22/-,       Kainit  1  1  /6,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda  30/-  per  cwt. 

.S,'.-  Free  Bookh'f  .is  .7(>.n-.'  for  t>riccs  of  s.).,7//i'.-  Qtiantilia.  <7/\o  other  j?<..)</s\ 
WAKELEY     BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      8.E.I. 


"ACME" 
WEED    KILLER 

DESTROYS  WEEDS,  MOSS,  etc.,  ON 

CARRIAQE  DRIVES,  QARDEN 

WALKS,  ROADS,  etc. 

Awarded    Gold     Medal     A nfilo- American     Exhibition, 
iBronze  Medal  Royal   Horticultural  Society. 

POWDER    WEED    KILLER 

The  same  chemical  compound  as  the  liquid,  and  only 

needs  the  addition  of  water. 

Dissolves  Quickly  In  Cold  Water. 

SIZE    OF    TINS. 

,  sufficient  to   make  12^  galls. 


..      2.  ..  .,  50 

,.     3.  ,.  ..  100 

.,     4,  ,.  ..  150 

Tins  free. 
Lawn    Sand. — Kills   Daisies,  etc..    and   fertilises    the 
ftrass.     No  other  manure  necessary.      7  lb.,  2/5; 
56  lb..  16/-. 
Soluble    Paratfin. — Mixes   instantly  with  water  and 
does  not  separate.       1    lb..  2/9,   post  free.      1  oz. 
sufficient  for  1  gallon  of  water. 
Arsenate  of  Lead  (Paste)  for  destroying  all  leaf-eating 
insects.  3/-  per  lb.,  post  free.     1  lb.  sufficient  for 
25  gallons  of  water. 
Extract  of  Quassia  Insecticide.— 1  gallon,  5/-,  carriage 

paid  on  ."^  gallons.     Pint,  2/6,   post  free. 
Compound  Extract  of  Quassia  Tobacco  Insecticide.— 
I'int,  2/6  ;    quart.  4?-.   post  free., 

THE  ACME  CHEMICAL  CO.,  LTD., 

TONBRIDGE,     KENT. 


2/-.  postage    9d. 
3/9       „  Ji- 

ll-       ..  !/• 

11/6        ..  1/6 

18/-,  post  free. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Garden    should  have   its    Bcebivi 

Profitable,   easy  to    manage,   anc 
ensures  fertilization. 

Send    for    Illustrated   Catalogue   witt 
Advice  to  Beginners — Post  Free, 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 

Wflwyn,    Herts. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA-  lAWNSAMD  SoiLfUME. 
NiCOTinE  lHSt<:TIClDES.FUI«tIIS,Sl>n»YS.AIlI>  OmEB  CHEMICALS 
.mdSuNDHIIS  511  list  PUASt  ASHrOOO  AGEHrfO"™EEURt«» 
»BriCL£S-lHtY  »I>t  AtXAYS  SAriSFACTOliT     IF  AM»  DIFFICULTY 

...  OBTAINING    WE  SEND  O.OECT.    C.RBWiE  PAID 


Beats  Tarred  Felt  hollow." 


Clean  and  easy  to  handle.  No 
tarrinarorpaintinBr.  Anybody  can 
fix  it.  Time  and  weatherproof, 
la  rolls,  ready  to  lay.  of  Hard- 
ware Merchants  everywhere. 

SAnpLBS     The  Ruberold  Co.,  Ltd. 
Free.  (Dpt.S>.  8I.Kiili!htriderSt..E.C. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

)f   »f   *f 

THE  BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL  POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  list. 
SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM. 


RICHARD 


ets  there  f"  i 

<iiid  iTiiikes  the  Garden  ^tU^^^^ 
liay  all  the  year  round  r^'::^^v:, 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  Jenkins,  7/6  net, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrated.  Published  i  at  the 
efiQces  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  \V.C.2. 


Sou  eTerywbere  for  HortlcultursI  purpoaes  Id  PACKETS  lOd.  A  1/8,  and 
Id  BKANI   ED  A  SB  A  LED  BAGS    7  lbs    */■  ;   U  lbs.   !>■  :  28  lbs.    13/-;  56  Ibi-.aa/-;   112  lbs..  «0/- :  or 
dire. t  from  ihe  Work*    Carriage  Paid  in  the  United  Kinfidom  for  Cash  witb  Order  (eicept  PACKHTSt 


CLAY    &    SON.    Manure  M'T>  &  Buiie  Crushers.  STRAirORD.  LONDON. E 


Piihlwhpii    hv    "  rr. 


•^t^-^w^A    w  r  ■ 


'.r„i  VivT  r.u 


iSJpwwF-s    [.iMiTFn.  s-Il     Southamoton  Street.  Strand,  V/.C^, 


THE 


^\j.  cms  «s  «4  o  l^^s  e  1 1» 

I A  I'  1  ijB2J 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


\\^OODLAND 


V^ol.  LXXXV.— No.  2579. 

Intered  39  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,    April   23,    1921 


REGISTERED  AT  THE  GENERAL 
POST  OFFICE  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 
AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17/4;    Foreign.    17/4 


THE     FINEST     OF     THE     FLOWERING     CRABS. 


BARR'S    SEED    POTATOES 

AT     REDUCED     PRICES. 


SPECIALLY     SELECTED     AND 

BRITISH  QUEEN,  Second  Early  (Scotch) 


14  lbs. 


QUEEN  MARV,  „  „  (English) 

THE  ALIV,  „  „  (Scotch) 

GOLDEN  WONDER,  Main  Crop  (Scotch) 

IRISH  KING,  ,,  „  (Scotch) 

KING  EDWARD,  ,,  ,,  (English) 

THE  FACTOR,  ,,  (Scotch) 

UP-TO-DATE,  ,,  (Scotch) 


iND 

PICKED. 

«/-   - 

.     56 

bs.     14/6 

4/-     .. 

14/6 

4/6    .. 

16/6 

4/6    .. 

16/6 

5/.    .. 

18/6 

4/6    .. 

12/6 

4/-    .. 

14/6 

4/-    .. 

14/6 

Descrit>tivc  Catalogue  Free. 


BARR     &     SONS, 


11,      12      &     13,      KINO      STREET, 
COVENT  QABPEN,  LONDON,  W.0.2 


Bentley's  Specialities 


DESTROYERS 
KILLER     (Lawn    Sand) 


WEED 

DAISY 

INSECTICIDES 

FUNGICIDES 

FUMIGANTS 

FERTILISERS 

Catalogue     on    Application. 

Sole  Manufacturers:  JOSEPH    BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
Chemical    Works,    BARFIOW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 

ORCHIDS 

of    vigorous  habit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is      cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  warm  and  eool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO.,  "^^e^^S°^ 

VERT'S  HOLLYHOCKS 

Chater's  Original  and  Unrivalled  Gold   Medal  Strain. 

Herbaceous  Borders  are  not  complete  without  this  stately  subject. 


We  offer,  for  April  planting,  strong  healthy  plants  to  pro- 
vide a  grand  panorama  of  gorgeous  colour  ranging  from  white 
to  almost  black  during  the  coming  Summer  and  Autumn. 

List  post  free  on  application. 

JAMES  VERT  &  SONS,  SAFFRON  WALDEN,  ESSEX. 


II. 


THE     GARDEN. 


FApril  23,    1921. 


"THE    GARDEN      CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  oeg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of  England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
Th9  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain. 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
otall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWER  INQ      SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.    CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
free 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetabla&  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.i 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticiiies  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  aii  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  »"«<  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  RequiremonU 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The  finest  stock  in  the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEf FIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Garden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG    &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Garden   Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Lanilsciipe   &   Garilen 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  lyiL'. 


J.    CHEAL   &    SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc> 


I  PULMAM  ®  SOIV 

BY  APPOIISTMENT  TO  015  MAJESTY' 

71  NEWMAN  ST  axroRDST 
LONDON ■ w 

NURSERIES  •  EL5ENHAM  ESSEX 


6».rden 

C  r^ftsnien  ■ 

rormal  Garden9  ■ 

V*t3es  -Fotinlaios- 
Fi^ircs  ■^SurKiiob-'iir-  I 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advica  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boilei* 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


ANTIRRHINUMS, 

Carnations,  Dianthus,   Dahlias,    Nemesias,  Verbenas, 

Asters,  Stocks,  Salvia,    "  Pride  of  Zurich,"   Pansies, 

Zinnias,    Nicotianas,    etc. 

Write  for  our  I92t  List  of  Summer  Bedding   Plants, 
Gratis  and  Post  Free. 

DANIELS  &  SON,  Dept,  G.N..  Wymondham,  NORFOLK. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

liv  A.  .1.  MiH-Mir.  .\  praitical  buokl.-t  iiii  tli.  l..■^t  MicttK.d-^ 
lit  lultivatiug  tlnwi'  popular  tlowiis.  9d.  iirt  ;  by  post,  lid. 
I'ulilishcd  at  tho  Offices  of  COUNTRY  LiFK,  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
St  I  lit,  Covent  Garel™,  W.C.2. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  MOST  OF  [T.  A  mxv  and  praitical  booklet  liy  thi  late 
\V  TlitjELOVli.  9d.  net ;  ev  post,  lid.  Publislted  at  the 
Olfices  of  Country  Life,  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
(Jarden,  W.C.2 


Gold  Queen  and  other  Hollies. 

WM.  PAUL  &  SON  beg  to  call  attention  to 
the  large  and  fine  stock  of  HOLLIES 
growing  at  their  Loughtoii  Nursery 
(G.E.R.,  12  miles  from  London),  com- 
prising Gold  Queen,  Silver  Queen  and 
other  golden  and  silver-leaved  kinds 
2  to  6  feet  high,  also  broad-leax'ed  and 
other  green  varieties  2  to  8  feet,  and  a  fine 
stock  of  Common  Green  Hollies  5  to  8  ft. 

Prices,   which   are  very   moderate,  will  be 
quoted  on   application. 


Wm.  PAUL  &  SON,  Waltham  Cross,  Ltd., 

WALTHAM     CROSS,     HERTS. 


vm«m^ 


i%»»^^»»»»<'*»^»<<»» 


SUCCESS  at  the  Shows,  success  with  flowers, 
fruits,  vegetables,  and  every  subject  in  the 
garden,  whether  for  exhibition  or  private  enjoyment, 
with  permanent  continued  success,  not  woeful  remin- 
iscences of  past  glories  that  once  were,  are  assured 
by  the  purchase  of  the  riKht  kind  of  horticultural 
knowledge  in  consultations.  Something  to  show  now 
and  be  proud  of,  with  the  assurance  that  it  will  be 
better  next  season,  and  better  still  the  year  after, 
that  is  the  right  sort  of  knowledge  to  buy.  The 
memory  of  a  past  glory  which  does  not  return  is 
the  wrong  type  of  knowledge  to  stock.  Yet  so  nian\ 
still  do  it  and  are  never  satisfied  in  consequence.  .\ 
recent  client  writes:  — "You  have  given  me  very 
good  value  for  my  money." 

Mr.    C.    A.    JARDirjE.    Consahing  Horticultaral  Expert, 
do  "  The  Garden,"  20,  Tavistock  St..  Covent  Garden,  U'.C.'i 


APRIL    23,     I92I 


GARDEN. 


-5^?=^" 


-\xz^^^ 


?0R      SUMMER      FLOWERING.  —  Easily- 

;rowil,  clloicr  ^tr.liH^  of  WKF.r.S'  POITLAR  AXXUALS. 
'er  packi't ;  Wliitr  Carpit  Alyssum,  6d.  :  Sunliciiiii  Calliopsis, 
id. ;  Snowflaki' Candytuft.  8d.  ;  .\imual  .Miscd  cluy^anthimum. 
,d.  and  8d.  ;  Doubk-  Mixod  Clarkia.  8d.  ;  Chui.,'  .Mixtd  Esi-h- 
dioltzia,  8ii. ;  Choice  Mixed  Godetia,  Sd.  :  Ensign  Larkspur. 
Id.  and  1/-;  Leviathan  Mit;nonette.  1,-;  Dwarf  Jlixcd 
vasturtium,  8d. ;  Selected  Siiirley  Poppy,  8d.  and  1/- ; 
.VEBBS'  COLLECTION  OF  HAKDY  ANNUALS,  12 
arieties,  3/6.  Post  free.  Catalogue  free  on  request. — WEBB 
ctSoss,  Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen.  Stourbridfre. 

CATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

IEONS,  Azaleas,  r.are  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cheniis, 
■laples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbacrous  Plant;. 
.Vater  Lilies,  Border  Chrysanthemums,  Beddins  Plants,  Dalilias, 
■  iolas,  etc. — John  Waterer,  Sons  *  Cuisp.  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
•urrey,  T«7ford,  Berks  and  London. 


3REENH0USE   PAINTING   AND    GLAZING 

-■■  VITKOLITE"  superior  to  Wliite  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
•all.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/-  per 
wt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins.  3/6  each;  14-lb.  tins.  6/6  each. 
—Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  *  Sons,  Grove  Works, 
iattersea.     .\gents  througliout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,    including    Himalayan   and 

:lunese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Kecthe,  Keston, 
ient. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

—The    only     reliable    and    complete    substitutt^     for    Stablt 
nauure.     See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive   List 

)f  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plate, 
id.  post  free. — The  Burbaoe  Nukseeies,  near  Hinckley, 
[icicestershirc.     Established  1773. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
la  application.  —  Wm.  Duncan  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


LAWN  GRASS  SEED— RYDERS  MIXTURES 

or  all  purposes  —  for  Sunny  Lawns,  Shady  Lawns,  Pnttjng 
Jreens,  Tennis  Lawns,  Cricket  Grounds  and  Bowling  Greens, 
from  40/-  per  bushel ;  smaller  quantities  in  proportion.  Write 
;or  list.— Ryder  &  Son  (1920),  Ltd.,  St.  Albans. 

MINIATURE     JAPANESE     GARDENS     of 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  .\lso  Japanese  miniature 
iigures,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
this  paper. — FEREEST  &  WARD,  84,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C.3. 


SCOTCH    SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  JDdlothian 
Early,  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Xlfiwald  Perfection,  3/6  ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6  ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6  ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzcll  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Early,  4/6  ;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— TiLLiE,  Whyte  &  Co.,  12,  Jlelboume  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

att-rpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
niioticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/  ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
-old  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  <&c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  McDocoALL  BROS.,  LTD.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
:lipiter.     Established  1845. 


IVIOLETS. — Strong  rooted  plants,   "  Princess 

1  if  Wales,  25,  3/6  :  50,5/-;  100,8/-.  .Marie  Louise  and  Double 
(White,  25,  4/6;  50,  7/6  ;  100,  12/-.  Carriage  paid.^BEAMBLE- 
WRY  NCRSEEIES,  Bude,  Cornwall. 


|HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses. 

'Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangtments  of  pipes 
tn  suit  any  size  or  shape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied. 
V;iii^tiard.  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipes, 
f  irit-.  Fittings,  etc.  Dliislrated  List  4,  free. — Thomas  Jeavons, 
-livrr  Street 'AVorks,  Brieriey  Hill. 


H,    B.    MAY    &    SONS    offer    strong-rooted 

ultiiiGs  of  Verbena,  Misi  Willmottand  others  ;  Hi^liotropes,  Ac. 
~Chint;ford,  Essex. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants  in  Health 

ind  Disease,  by  F.  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
7/6  net,  by  post  8/-.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
\vill  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager. 
'  CODNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Ta\1stock  Street,  Covent 
liiirdcn,  \V.C.2. 


BARR'S  FLOWER  &  VEGETABLE  SEEDS 

of  tinest  •^'■Irct*  (i  strains  ami  trsti  d  ;^ru\vtji.  l)rs<Tiptiv.' 
Catalof-ui',  ineluding  a  select  li^t  of  tlie  best  Scotch  and  English- 
grown  Seed  Potatoes,  free. 


BARR'S  SURPLUS  BULBS  for  APRIL  and 

-May  planting,  including  Lilies,  Alsfromerias,  Montbretias, 
Vallotas,  lie,  at  greatly  reduced  prices.  Di-scriptive  List  free. — 
Bakk  \-  Sons,  Xing  stnet,  Covent  (iarden,  London,  W.C.2. 

THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Uardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  1  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  Douglas,  Great 
Bookham. 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,    Builders    of  Censer- 

vatories,  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire ;  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  S:  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL       FOR       COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perftct  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  "filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  Stflte  particulars.— William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place.  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE    FENCING    for   gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
ffncing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  A  Pafl,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  COLE  &  SON,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9;  quarts,  3/-; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen. 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  McDougall 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  aianchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,  VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains   all   the   latest    novelties    in    flowers  and    vegetables 

including  the  fine  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 

application.  Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  IJd.  postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 

PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pa%ings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens.  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  *'  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — ^Hodson  &  SON,  58,  Castlegate 
Nottingham. 


WELLS'     CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratives  for  flowering  in  the  greeahouse, 
November  and  December,  5/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  in  May,  to  bloom  from 
August  till  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  in  25  varieties  for  30/-. 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application. — W.  WELLS  &  Co., 
Merstham,  Surrey. 


FLOWER  POTS.— lo  8in.,   15  6in.,   15  5in., 

15  4ins.,  15  3ins.,  complete,  packed  free,  15s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — Thos.  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brieriey 
Hill. 

GARDEN    ROLLER,    weight   about    2    cwt. 

2  qrs.  Stone  encased  with  Iron.  Unbreakable.  45/-.  Carriage 
Paid.  Double  Cylinder.  10/-  extra. — Overkill,  Whiteeross 
Place.  Wilson  Street.  Moorgate.  E.C.2. 

VIOLETS,    "Marie    Louise,"    good    clumps 

ready  for  division,  6/- a  doz. — Reedes'S  School  of  Gardening. 
Newick.  Sussex. 


FERTILISERS.— Lawns   (25/-),  Fruit  Trees, 

Vines  (23/6),  General  Garden  Use  (21/-).  and  all  other  fertilisers. 
— Hy.  RiciUHDRON  &  Co  ,  Skeldergatc  Bridge  Works,  Vork. 


SUTTON'S  FLOWER  SEEDS. 

BEAUTIFUL     ANNUALS. 

WORTHY  OF  A  PLACE  IN  EVERY  GAEDEJT. 

Visitors  to  Koyal  Hortieultural  Society's  Show  of  Angust  24th 

last  will  remember  our  fine   exhibit  of  Annuals  which  was 

awarded  a  Gold  Medal. 

Collections  of  Hardy  Annuals,  5/0,  10/-,  15/-.  20/- 
SUTTON  &   SONS.  THE  KING'S    SEEDSMEN,    READING. 


KELWAY   BORDERS   SHORTEN   THE 

\VINTER. — NOW  is  the  time  to  jio  over  your  hardy  plants, 
replenishing  and  renewing  your  herbaceous  borders.  Get  a  list 
from  KELWAY"S  and  let  them  fill  your  gaps  with  fresh  beauty, 
which  will  last  some  years.  Ls  your  border  beautiful  with  colour 
for  6  or  7  months  continuously  ?  It  should  be  a  source  of  ever- 
varying  interest  and  pleasure.  If  you  are  not  content,  see  to 
it  now.  Write  to  KELWAY"S  at  once  and  let  them  suggest  a 
colour  scheme  so  that  the  neighbouring  plants  do  not  clash. 
The  earlier  you  order  the  greater  your  choice. — KELWAY  &  SON, 
The  Royal  Horticulturists,  Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


BATH'S  SELECT  SEEDS   AND   PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies.^Dept.  E.),  R.  H.  Bath, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens."  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS   AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.— R.   Wallace  &  Co.,   LTD.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,    NESTING    BOXES.       Catalogue    (No.    4)    free.— 
MOOKTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


CRANSTON'S  FAMOUS  ONIONS  :  ready  for 

immediate  planting.  Strong  autumn-sown  pedigree  plants, 
Cranston's  Excelsior,  Ailsa  Craig  and  Rousham  Park  Hero, 
and  Leek  The  Lyon,  2/9  per  100,  25/-  per  1,000,  post  free  or 
carriage  paid.  Extra  strong  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants, 
Flower  of  Spring,  Early  Offenham,  Wheeler's  Imperial,  R^ 
Pickling,  2/9  per  100,  20/-  per  1,000,  carriage  paid.  Prompt 
delivery.  Vegetable  plant  list  free  on  application. — KlNQ'8 
Acre  Nttrseries,  Ltd.,  Hereford  (late  Cranston's). 


RUSTIC    STONE    CRAZY     PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  etc.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  in\ited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  etc. — Gilliam  {Garden  Dept.),  "Wellesley  Court 
Road,  Croydon. 


ALPINES    FOR     PRESENT     PLANTING.— 

Anemone  Pulsatilla,  Aster  sub-cseruleus,  Corj'dalis  cheiianthi* 
folia,  Erythra?a  Massoni,  Hypericum  coris,  Mazus  rugosua. 
Phlox  reptans.  Primula  bulleyana,  P.  Julise,  Sax.aizoon  pectinata 
S.  Bathoniensis,  S,  Elizabethae.  Any  6,  4s.  9d. ;  12,  Ss.  9d. 
Carriage  paid.  Catalogue  free. — Bowell  and  Skarkatt, 
Nurseries,  Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S   "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "  Sheets "  for  greenhouse  fumigation ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
McDougall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Blanchester. 


GARDEN  NETS,— Prompt  Delivery.— 50  yds. 

by  4yd^.,  stout,  24/-  ;  fine,  16/6.  25yds.  by  8yds.,  stout,  26/-  ; 
fine,  17/6.  Carriage  paid.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also 
Tennis  Boundary  Netting.  Cash  with  ortler. — The  GouitOCK 
Kopework  Co..  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


PLANT  NOW,  PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS, 

strong  X'l'ints.  10/0  per  do?;.  :  best  named  var.,  20/-  per  25, 
£3  10s.  per  100,  cash  carriage  paid. — Vander  Slcvs,  F.R  H.S., 
Guernsey. 


IRON      FENCING,      GATES,      RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework,  Pouitr\'  Fence.  Dog  Kennel 
Railing.  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preser\'ation  of  Ironwork 
etc.     Catalogue  free. — Hlll  &  SsiiTU,  Ltd.,  Brieriey  Hill. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


'April   2j,    1921. 


33rd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Post    free,    or    carriage    paid    passenger    train.      Packing    free,    no    delay.      24  -    worth    for    20/-.      Lots    can    be 

divided.      Please    add    4d.    extra    for    orders    under   3/-,    to    help    meet    high    rate    of    postage.      Cash   with    order. 

Plant  now  for  success.     Splendid  strong,  hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year. 


HARDY     PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Achillea  Tho  Piarl,  doublr  wiiitr,  H,  1/4.  Achillea  I'rrr\"s 
Wliitc,  4,  1/6.  Achillea  Xiw  Ori-i-  Qiircii,  4,  1/li.  Agros- 
temma  Flos  joirs,  crimson,  0.  1;4.  Alyssum  compactuni 
iioid  Dust,  12,  1/6.  Alpine  Pinks,  various  colours,  12,  1/6. 
Anchusa  niyosotisiflora.  dwarf  rockery,  i-tc..  masses  dei-]) 
gentian  blue,  :i,  1/6.  Aconitum  I'ischeri.  rieli  l)Iue,  4'noriiious 
blooms,  3,  1/6.  Aquilegia,  loim  s]turred,  new  art.  sliades  and 
pure  yellow,  6,  1/4.  Aquilegia,  double  and  sin^de  nii\ed. 
12,  1/6.  Auricula,  alpitu'  and  show,  6,  1/6.  Aster,  perennial, 
best  named,  3,  1/6.     Aster,  i)iTennial,  good  mixed,  6,  1/6. 

Brompton  Stocks,  all  colours,  largo  1  year  old  plants,  6,  1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong-rooted  cutthifis,  best  named,  for 
house  or  garden,  sunnner.  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  any 
colour  or  mixed,  6,  1/6.  Campanulas,  d«'.irf  earpatiea.  masses 
of  bloom,  blue  or  w.dto.  4,  1/4.  Campanula  i»rrsi.-iltdia  atel 
grandis.  tall.  4,  1/4.  Campanula  AValilenb  Tgia,  large  (.'lematis- 
Mowered.  4.  1'4.  Campanula  macrantha,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4. 
Campanula  i)yraTi!i  lali-.  Iiandsome  chimney  bidl  flower,  two 
year  old  plants,  blue  or  wiiife.  :',.  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells, 
lovely  hybrids,  12,  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  doohle  pink, 
white  and  blue,  6.  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells,  eup  and  saoeer. 
6,  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells,  lovely  1  irge  )iink  or  while  sinvdev, 
12,  1/6.  Candytuft,  i).rcnnial,  4,  1/4.  Carnation  (irenaiiin, 
scarlet  or  white  or  niived.  good,  4.  1/6.  Carnation  Af.irgaret. 
fine  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Carnation,  uotid  double  border,  all 
colours,  separate,  6.  1/6.  Centaurea  uiontaua,  larg^;  perennial 
(.'ornflower,  blue  or  wiiite.  6.  14,  Cheddar  Pinks,  true,  6.  1/4. 
Chrysanthemum  niaxiiuum  .\rr>.  L.  liidl.  .Market  fa\<Hirit  ■. 
etc.,  6.  1/4.  Chinese  Pinks.  Io\ely  colours.  12,  1  (i.  Coreopsis 
grandillora.  6,  1/4.  Cornflowers,  iulway's  douhic  blui'. 
12,  1/4.    Crucianella,  pink  rockery,  etc.,  ;!,'  1/4. 

Dactylis.  siher  ril)bou  grass,  6,  1/4.  Daisies,  new  Monstrosa, 
enormous  double  red  or  white,  12.  1/4.  Dianthus  deltoiihs, 
creeping,  crimson,  6,  1/4.  Dianthus,  Kelwa^'s  ln\ely  named 
varietii's,  si-paratc  colours  or  ndxed,  12.  1/6.  Dielytra  ^peetaliili^. 
Weeding  Heart,  2,  1/9. 

Erigeron  (stenactes),  mauve.  4,  1/4.  Erigeron,  new 
Quakeress,  fine.  3,  1/6.  Erigeron,  Tiew  large  salmon,  2,  1/6. 
Eupatorium.  wliite,  6,  1/4.     Evening  Primrose,  dwarf.  4,  1/4. 

d\\-arf,  dark  or  liglit 


Forget-me-nots,  best  large  lhn\rriti 
blue,  15,  1/4. 

Qaillardia  grandifiora,  6,  14.  Geum  .Mrs.  Uradshaw  (two 
year  old),  2,  1/4.  Qeum  Glory,  double  scarlet.  4.  1,4.  QIadiolus, 
best  named,  large  bulbs,  scarlet,  white,  pink,  itame,  yellou\ 
salmon,  maroon,  vioiet,  blue  and  splendid  new  hybrids,  "ii.  I  '4. 
Qypsophila  glabrata,  dwarf  rockery,  6,  1,4.  '  Qypsophila 
}>anieulata  (gauze  flower),  6,  1/6. 

Helenium  Bigeiowi.  Hooperii,  autumnal,  etc..  6,  1,4. 
Helianthus.  perennial  .Sunrtttwer,  double  or  single.  12,  16. 
Hemerocallis,  large  llowering,  yellow  aiul  or.angi'  reil  l.ilv, 
4.  1/4.  Heuchera  sanguima,  scarlet.  4,  1/4.  Hollyhock, 
Kelway's  doubles,  4,  1,6.  Hollyhock,  single,  all  eolnurs. 
6,  1/6.  Honesty,  crimson  or  white',  12,  1/6.  Hypericum 
.St.  John  Wort.  6.  1/6. 

Iceland     Poppy,     Excelsior    strain,    6,     1/4.     Incarvillea, 

large  rich  carmine,  3,  1/6.  Iris,  large-flowered  Japanesi,  4,  1/4. 
Iris,  large  flag,  splendid  large  flowerin.g  white,  mauve,  blue, 
liurple.  yellow,  4,  1/6  ;    mi.xed,  6,   1/6. 

Kniphofia,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/4. 

Lilies,  hardy  Tigir.  3,  1/4.  Linum,  blue  piTennial  Flax. 
8,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalis,  hybrids,  6,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis 
Queen  Victoria.  4,  1/4.  Lupins,  polyphyllus,  white,  blue,  6,  1/4. 
Lupin,  pink,  4.  1/4.  Lupin  Tree,  yellow  or  white,  s.  1/6. 
Lupins,  mixed  colours,  12,  1/6.  Lychnis,  scarht,  salmon, 
crimson.  0,  1/4. 

Michaelmas  Daisies,  good  larue  llnwering,  named  sorts, 
o,  1/6;    mixed.  6,  1/6.     Montbretia,  brilliant,  .spikes,  12,  1/6^ 

Periwinkle,  larg(.'  bluc\  4,  1/6.  Pansies,  splendid  lari'e 
llow<rinu  Bugnofs  Superb.  Bismarck,  iiritannia.  Masterpiece, 
Cassiers,  Odiers,  etc.,  12,  1/4.  Pansies,  leddju'.:  white,  y.  llo\\\ 
lilne,  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden.  12,  1/4.  Papaver  Oriental 
Queen,  .Apricot  Queen,  Salmon,  I'tc,  6,  1  /6.  Papaver  Oriental, 
scarlet  and  crimson,  6,  1/4.  Peas,  I'.verla.sting.  red,  pink! 
white.  4, 1/4.  Physalis,  giant  fap"  lloo^ibiTry,  6,  1/4.  Pinksj 
favourite  double  white,  6,  1/4.  Pinks,  .Mrs.  Simkius,  3,  1/4. 
Pinks,  coloured,  traKrant,  12,  1/6.  Pinks,  Ja])anese,  large 
fringed,  12,  l,/6.  Polemonium,  blue,  6,  1/4.  Phlox,  large 
flowering,  best  named,  pink,  salmon,  scarlid,  whit.'.  crlmsoTi. 
purple,  wllitc  and  cerise,  3,  1/6  ;  mixed.  4,  1/4.  Polyanthus, 
Ivelway's  border,  6,  1/4.     Polyanthus,  Primrose,  rich  colour- 


6.  1/6.  Poppy,  Sliirlry,  art  shades.  9,  1/4.  Potentilla,  double 
crimson,  6,   1/6.     Primula  dcnticulata  superlia.  large  cliinip-, 

1,  1/-.  Pentstemon,  scarlet  and  large  flowerinu'  \arieiies, 
6.  1/6.  Paeonies,  laree,  mixed  colours,  2.  1/4.  Pyrethrum, 
Keiway's  hybrids,  6.  1/6.  Pyrethrum  .James  Kelway.  large, 
single,  scarlet,  3,  1/6.  Polyanthus  Primrose,  large",  vellow 
and  white.  6.  l,/4. 

Ribbon  Grass,  v.ariegated,  6,  1/4.  Rose  of  Sharon,  4.  I  t 
Rose  Campion,  crimson,  12,  1/6.     Rocket,  ^\\eet,  6,   1,4. 

Salvia  praten-i-,  -]iikes  purpli',  4,  1/4.  Saponaria  oeymoides, 
pinkilwarf.6.  1  4.     Saxifraga,  choice  assorted,  6,  1 /6.  Sedums, 

ehoin-     assorteil.     0.     ]    4.      ScabiouS,     sweet,     double,     ,H.     14. 

Scabious  Caueasiea.  iar-je  mauve,  3,  1/6.  Shasta  Daisy, 
wiiite,  6,  1  4.  Silene  coinpaeta,  dwarf  pink,  l.'>:  1  6.  Spirsea 
palniata,  scarlet,  3,  1,6,  Solidago  (iolden  Wiiii;-,  li.  16. 
Stachys,  Lamb's-wool,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  Williams,  ivehvav's 
I'hdi  I'.eauty  and  .Scarlet  Heauty.  6,  1  4.  Sweet  William, 
Diadem,  auricular  eyed  and  good  mixed,  12,  1/6. 

Trollius,  larly  golden  globe  flower,  6,  1/6.  Thalictrum, 
hardy  .Maiden  Hair.  4,  1/4.  Thrift,  compact,  pink  flowering. 
12, 1/6,     Tritoma,  R^^d-hot  Poker,  3,  1/4.  Tussilago  fragrans, 

V(^ry  fragrant,  hardy  winter  heliotrope,  4,  1/4. 

Verbascum,  tall  yellow,  4.  1/4.  Verbascum,  dwarf,  lo\elv 
eidoiirs.  6.  16.  Valerian,  red,  6,  14.  Veronica,  beautiful 
blue.  6,  1/6.  Viola  i:ornuta.  gi-m  fen-  roekerv,  wiiite,  iiiaii\e, 
purple,  blue,  12,  1/6.  Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  yellow,  white, 
bltu',  purple,  12,  1/6.  Viola  .Maggie  .Atott,  large  mauve,  rooted 
cuttings,  6,  1/4. 

STRONG,    HARDY    CLIMBERS. 

Clematis  \itall)a.  Traveller's  .fo\ .  1,  i:/-.  Eccremocarpus, 
clusters  oraM_'e-red  flowers,  :i.  14!  Calystegia,  doiilih  |iiiik, 
morniiL^  glory,  3.  1,'6.  Passion  Flower,  hardy  lilue  and 
white.  2,  1/4.  Tuberous-rooted  Wistaria  (not  Sinensis),  2.  1/4. 
Tropaeolum  .speciosa,  scarlet  flame  flower,  3.  1/6.  Polygonum 
btdilsehuanicum,  very  handsome,  rapid  climber,  graceful  feathery 
flowers  from  every  shoot,  1,  1/6. 

STRONG  VEGETABLE  AND  HERB  PLANTS. 

Spring  Cabbage,  wilder  Onions,  Lettuce,  Leeks,  Pickling 

Cabbage,  luu.  lit:  300.  4/6.  Chives,  jierennial  (Jnions, 
20.  1,4.  Rhubarb,  best  named  red  varieties.  6.  1,4.  Sea 
Kale,    12.    1  ^1,     Sage,    Thyme,    Mint,    Marjoram,    6,    II 

Parsley,   lie-t   eurled,   12,   1,4, 

SPLENDID  STRONG,  TRANSPLANTED  PLANTS  FOR  COOL 

HOUSE   OR   SUMMER   BEDDING. 

Pot  now  for  grand  sliow  this  sprhig  and  summer.  Aralia, 
I'ig  Palm,  3.  1,'4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailiuL',  3,  1/6,  Aspara- 
gus Fern,  Plumosus,  erect,  2,  1/9.  Begonias,  Salmon  t;ueen, 
Rose  Quec  n,  Ctimson  magnifaca  and  scarlet  Prima  Diinnti, 
4.  1/4.  Begonia  Fuchsioides.  coral  pink,  3.  1/6.  Beauty 
Stocks,  lovi  ly  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Cannas,  Crozy's  sphiidid 
hybrids,  4,  1,6.  Celsia  critica,  mauve  and  vellow,  4.  1/4. 
Cyclamen,  Very  choice  ,str.ain,  3,  1,'6.  Eucalyptus,  blue  gum, 
(>,  1/4.  Fuchsia,  choice  doubles,  assorted.  4.  1/6.  Qeraniums, 
scented  Oak  leaf,  3.  1/6.  Heliotrope,  large  fragrant,  4,  1/6. 
Lobelia  cardinalis  Queen  'Mctoria.  scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage, 
4.  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalis,  beauiiful  hybrids,  4, 1/4.  Marguer- 
ites, lar^'c-  white.  6,  1/6.  Marguerites,  large  yellow,  6,  1/0. 
Marguerites,  lov.ly  blue,  (i,  1/4,  Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  rid 
or  wiiite,  fi,  1/4.     Primula  obconica,  lovely  new  giant  hybrids, 

3,  1/6,  Primula  cortusoides,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4,  Primula 
Kcwensis,  bright  yellow,  4,  1/4.     Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet, 

4,  1/6.  Salvia  coccinea,  brilUant  scarlet.  4,  1/4.  Mother  of 
Thousands,  hanginu'.  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus  Wisetouiensis, 
6,  1/4.  Smilax,  trailing,  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  large  new 
liylirids,  4,  1/4,  Primula  rosea,  grandittora.  lovely,  1,  1/-. 
Streptocarpus.  lovely  Cape  primrose,  many  rich  colours, 
laru'e  tuliiilar  blossoms,  evergreen  perennial,  almost  perpetual 
flowering,  a  gem  for  pots.  3,  1/6.  Cobea  scandens,  handsome, 
rapid  climber,  large  purph'  flowers,  3.  1/6,  Gloxinias,  started 
bulbs,  2,  1/4, 

Sweet  Pea  plants,  separate  colours,  20,   1/6  ;    mi.xed,  best 
large  flowering,  waved,  etc.,  30,  1/6. 
Celery  seedlings,  white  and  pink,  100,  1/6;    200,  2/4. 

Tomato,  large,  strong,  sturdy  plants  for  early  fruiting.  Market 
Favourite,  Carter's  Simrise,  etc,  6,  1/6. 

Cucumber  plants,  Vine,  Telegraph,  best  for  house  or  frame, 

2,  1/6, 


Catalogue:     free. 


MRS.  PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,    VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


CHEALS' 

DAH  LIAS 

The  best  only  in  each  section. 


New    Illustrated   Catalogue    Free. 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
The  Nurseries, 

CRAWLEY. 


ANTIRRHINUMS. 

Our    New    Season    List    now    ready.       Named    varieties 
only,    including    latest  introductions. 

Owing  to  the  great  demand  for  these  popiilai 
Bedding  Plants,  which  can  be  had  in  such  a  variety 
of   pleasing  shades  of  colour,   the  early  placing  oi 

orders  is  respectfully  requested. 
Aurora— Brilliant  orange  scarlet  with  white  throat. 
Black  Prince  — Deep  velvety  crimson  flowers  with  darl 

foliage. 
Bride.  The     Pure  self-white,  very  large  Howers, 
Bonfire     Striking  shade  of  orange  with  large  scirlet  throat 
Carmine  hing— Bright  carmine  red  self,  grand  for  bedding 
Cottage  Maid-Charming  shaJe  of  soft  pink  with  whitt 

throat.  I 

Daphne— Dainty  coral  rose  with  white  throat. 
Uefla    ce—Gorseous  orange  red.    Very  showy.  I 

Dalila— Carmine  with  white  throat.    Very  pretty  shade, 
firefly— Crimson  with  gold  blotch.     Very  striking.  ! 

Fire  King— Hlowing  oiange  scarlet  with  white  throat. 
oolden  Queen— Lovely  deep  yellow  self. 
Mauve  Beauty- Rosy  mauve,  dainty  colour. 
Nelros^  — Rich  silvery  pink,  e.vcellent  late  bloomer. 
Sunset— Orange,  scarlet  and  pink.    Very  showy  Howers. 
Sulphur    Yellow— Primrose    and    sulphur    yellow,    fint 

Howers. 
Vesuvius— Tomato  red  with  yellow  blotch. 
Yellow  Queen— Splendid  yellow  self. 

Price  9,-  per   I  OO.       Carriage  free. 

ERNEST     HILLS, 

THE  RHYDD  NURSERIES.  Hanley  Castle. Worcestershire 


A«»«MMMNMMW^MlMIAMMM«A«f«mM«MIM«mWMn 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

IS  THE  BEST  FOR  GREEN- 
HOUSES 12  TO  50  FEET 
LONG.    MADE  IN  FIVE  SIZES. 


38.000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A     FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  6Sa,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.I 


««*nM««WMWkM«WMIMM 


April  23,   19^1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Lawn 


jl^       L.AWN    ^ 

Rowers 


ANO 


THE     PIONEERS     OF    ALL    THAT 
IS      BEST      IN      LAWN      MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "  SILENS 
MESSOR"  LAWN 
MOWERS. 


WORLD    RENOWNED 

OVER  A  MILLION  SOLD. 


Green's  New  Century  Lawn  Mower 

The  ideal  Mower  for  small  lawns, 
slopes,   banks, 
etc. 


Motor    Lawn    Mowers 

made  in 
Sizes     12in.    to    42in. 


^oLueBl; 


May     be     had     from 

any     Ironmonger     or 

Seedsman       in       the 

United  Kingdom. 


GREEN'S 
GARDEN 
ROLLERS. 


Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


THOMAS  GREEN   &    SON,   Ltd..  Smitbfield  Ironworks.  Leeds,   and  New  Surrey  Works,  Sontbwark  Street.  London.  S.E.I. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 


Choice 

varieties. 
Send    for 

FREDK. 


Saxifrages,    over    70 

Sample   Dozen,  carr. 

full    list,    containing    many 

Rare    Plants,    Free. 

G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN 
ASHTEAD,     SURREY. 


species  and 
paid,  10/6 
New   and 


NURSERY, 


BIROS      DEFIED! 

ROTLESS    TANNED    NETTING.    UNEQUALLED. 

IN      LIGHT.      MEDIUM      AND      HEAVY. 

Supplied  by  us  to  Royai  Gdrdens. 
50  by  1  yd..  7/-.  9/6.  13/- ;  2  yds,,  !4/-,  19/.,  26/- :  3  yds.,  21/-,  28/6, 
59/- :  4  yds.,  28/-.  38(-,  52/- ;  25  by  8  yds.,  28/-,  38/-,  52/- 

Carriage    Paid. 
E.  B.  HAWTHORN,  Ltd.,  Depi  E,  SHREWSBURY. 


WILLIS    BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


A  REAL   MANURE 

NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE. 
NO     STABLE     MANURE     REQUIRED. 

For  dijiging  in  or  as  a  top  dressing.     Fnr  Kitchen 

Garden  and  Herbaceous  Borders. 
We  are  constantly  receivng    orders    and    testi- 
monials trom  satisfied  users  both  on  heavy  and 

light  soils. 

1  cwt..  17/6  :  *-cwt..  10  ■  ;  28  lbs.,  6/-  :  per  ton  £16  10. 

All  Carriage  Paid. 


SOLUBLE 

TOMATO     MANURE 

as  suppli  d  largely  to  market  growers. 
30/-  per  cwt. ;  56  lbs..  16/-;  28  lbs.,  8/6.  Carriage  paid. 


LAWN  SAND  &  DAISY  KILLER 

For  thickening  the  sward  and  encouraging  the 

grasses.     Destroys  daisies  and  other  weeds. 

30,'-  cwt  :  56Ibs.,  16/-;  £14  10  per  10  cwt. 


RUSSIAN    MATS 

New.      Size  7  ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in. 
Limited  supply.     42/-  per  doz.     Carriage  paid. 

GOOD    HEAVY    GARDEN    NETS 

25  yds.  by  8  yds.,  55/-;    50  yds.  by  4  yds.,  35/-. 
Carriage  paid. 


Bone    Meals,      SuperphosphatOt      Nitrate     of 

Soda,  Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Kainit,  Sulphate 

ol  Potash,  Basic  Slag,  etc.,  supplied. 

Send    for    our    list    of    Garden     Manures,    and 
Horticultural  Sundries.     Free  on  application. 

Horticultural  Manure 
and  Garden  Sundries, 
HARPENOEN,      HERTS. 


WILLIS  BROS., 


/ 

^  PE 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT  SAFETY 
WEED    KILLER 

FREE   FROM  ARSENIC 

Simple  to  use.  Very 
effective.  No  danger  to 
Children,  Animals, 
Poultry,  etc. 


/ 


Pint  tins  1/9  each. 
Quart  „  3/-     „ 
^  Qall.  „  4/9     „ 


1  Gall.  Drums  7/-  each. 
5    „  „     27/6    „ 

40    „  Casks  £8  10    „ 


INSIST    ON    McDOUQALL'S.       REFUSE 
SUBSTITUTES  &  AVOID  DISAPPOINTMENT. 


IK  ANV  DIFFICULTY  IN  OBTAINING  SUPPLIES 
LOCALLY.  PLEASE  WRITE  US  DIRECT  FOR 
ILLUSTRATED  PRICE  LIST  AND  MENTION  NAME 
AND  ADDRESS  OF  LOCAL  SEEDSMAN,  NURSERY- 
MAN    OR    IRONMONGER. 


M'DOUGALL  BROS.  LTD., ««"'  •"»"  " 


MANCHESTER 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Re,ls.c.ca  T.a.e  MarX  62,5.       J,i^°/^l%ltrf'''''''J''''' 

Prices.— No.  1f  for   Frames   and   "Lean-to's"  up  to  1,000 

cubic  ft..  lOd.  each  ;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 

1.500  cubic  ft..  1/3  each  ;  No.  3.  for  general  use  in  Large 

Greenhouses    from    2.000  to  2.500  cubic  ft..   1/9  each, 

"  TTITM  A  Y  "     The  New  and  Most   Successful 

1  C^l^^VyV         GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It   is   rapidly  taUing  the   place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d..  1 /6,  3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 


FOWLER'S    LAWN    SAND 

ESTABLISHED    IN     1875 

For  destroyint;  Daisies.  D.Tndelions.  Planta^ns.  Ribbed  Grass,  Thistles 
and  othtr  weeds  on  Lawns.  Croquet  Grounds.  Bowling  Greens, 
Parks,  etc..  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  the 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass.  '     - 

Many  preparations  are  on  the  marke'  under  this  name,  but  no  article 
diffe  s  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  money's  \vorth  generally. 

TO    BE    HAD    FROM     THE     TRADE    GENERALLY. 
PwrcES— Tins.  1/6.  3/9.  71-  ;  Batis.  281bs.  11/-.  SGlbs.  21/-.  1 1'Jlbs.  39/- 
Sole   Manofactarerk :    CORRY    Sc.    CO..   Ltd.,    London.  S.E.I. 


CHOICE    BORDER    VARIETIES. 
PLANT     NOW. 


ca5 


NAli 


ons 


Special  Offer  of 

12  Plants,  2  of  a  sort 

for  1  2/6  carriage  paid,    c.w.o. 

STUART  LOW  &  CO.,   Bush  Hill  Park,  Middlesex. 


IS 

a 


Weeding 

BACKACHINC 

and 

NEVER  ENDING 
JOB 

The  best  way 
to  destroy  Weeds  on  Drives, 
Paths    and    Gravel    Spaces 
is  to  use 

COOPERS 
WEEDICIDE 

HIGHLY    CONCENTRATED 

1    gallon   mixed   with    100    gallona   of   water 

is  sufficient  to  treat  300  to  400  square  yards 

of  surface. 

Gained  Royal   Horticultural  Society 

Commended"    Award 

In  Qt.  sod  >j.  1.  2,  5.  10.  20  and  40  salloot. 


COOPER'S 

1— 50 

WEED-KILLER 

is  also  an  excellent  pre- 
paration for  killing  weeds, 
but  lower  in  price  and 
less     concentrated     than 

Weedicide. 
Sold  io  .ame  sizes  as  Weedicide 

OF   AGENTS   EVERYWHERE 


Revised  prices  on   application  to  Ihc 

Sole  Manufacturers  : 

William  COOPER  &  KEPHEWS,  Ltd., 

BERKHAMSTEO. 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  23,   1921. 


VEGETABLES. 

A  Dressing  of  "Canary  Guano"  should  now 
be  applied  to  all  vegetables.  Speaking  gene- 
rally, vegetables  are  not  difficult  or  costly  to 
grow  and  very  little  trouble  is  experienced  In 
raising  fine  specimens  when  the  aid  of 
"Canary  Guano"   is  enlisted. 

Established  crops  should  receive  a  dressing 
of  "Canary  Guano,"  which  should  be  after- 
wards well  hoed  in. 

"  Canary  Guano  "  should  also  be  applied  to 
vine  borders. 

Cuano 

Obtainable  from  atl  Seedsmen  in  Carton?,  1,'- ench- 
Bafis.  71b.  3/6;  14  lb.,  e/6:  -JSlb-.H'-:  56  lb..  19<-: 

1  cwL.  35/-.  each:   or  direct  from  the  makers. 

Write   to-day  for  FREE  Booklet  No.    11.  containinc 

full    fxirticulars    0/    Canary    Giiatto.    u-itii    Garden 

Diarv   *or   the   Year,  post  free   on  amplication. 

IHE  CHEMICAL  UNION,  Lt  .. 
IPSWICH. 


r.A'.'iii;i.S^S.— 


KING'S  Acre 


FOR 


Plants  of  Royal  Worth 

BEDDING  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

of  all  kinds,  for  Spring  and 
Summer  Planting.  Reliable 
Stocks  of  younij  vigorous 
Plants.    VEGETABLE  PLANTS 

for  present  planting,  from 
the    finest  strains  of  seeds  in 


Hardy  Border  Carnations 

&  THE    NEW    CLOVES. 

5      GOLD      MEDALS,      R.H.S. 

(OUR  FAMOUS  STIFF-NECKED  SCENTED  STRAIN) 
13     Plants    for     25/-     carp.     paid. 

SALADIN— silvery  grey,  striped  pink. 

MAROON     CLOVE— DarU    maroon,    strong    clove,    huge 

Hower>. 
ANTIQUARY— True  old  rose,  most  lovely. 
GRENADIER— Glowing  scarlet,  grand. 
ELAINE  -Dazzling  white,  dwarf  habit,  of  perfect  form. 
ROSETTA— Brilliant     rose     pink,     wonderful     colour     hy 

night  light. 
GARNET— A  true  ruby,  most  lovely. 
KING    LEAR— Buff,   diffused   delicate  rose    pink,   slriped 

blood  red. 
PEARL  CLOVE— Lovely  pale  lilac  rc^e,  strongest  clove. 
SIR  D.  HAIG— White,  heavily-edged  and  splashed  crimson 

maroon. 
GLORIOSA— Apricot,  suffused  scarlet. 
APRICOT  A— Orange-apricot. 
JASON— Lovely  yellow,  grand  border. 

13  Plants  for  18-  carr.  paid. 

SURREY  CLOVE— Dwarf  maroon,  grand  clove  scent. 

BONFIRE-Reddish  apricot,  suffused  and  edged  blood  red. 

GLOW-WORM— Divarf  scarlet  self. 

HARLEQUIN  -Rose  and  purple  stripes  on  apricot  ground. 

WHITE  LADY  -Pure  white,  fine  flower. 

BLUSHING    BRIDE— Blush     pink    self,    a  grand  border 

variety. 
MRS.  MURRAY— White,  pencilled  carmine-violet. 
MIRANDA— Brilliant  rose,  lightly  marUed  greyish  blue. 
BENBOW  -A  grand  buff  apricot. 

FAIRY  CLOVE— Salmon,  celicately  spotted  rose  pink. 
TANTALLON -Chocolate,  fine  border  variety. 
ADMIRAL  BEATTY— Lavender,  base  of  petals  salmon. 
E.  K.  WAKEFORD-Huge.  almost  black  self. 

The  T>vo  Collections  for  40/-  Carr.  Paid. 

Illustrated  Catalogue  Free. 


J  .      DOUGLAS, 

(ToB-KArs")  EDENSIDE,  GT.  BOOKHAM. 


^ 


commerce. 


Everything   for    the    Garden, 
for  pleasure   and   use. 

Interesting      Catalogues,     moderately 
priced,     free    on     request. 


Ltd. 


\  King's  Acre   Nurseries, 
I  HEREFORD. 


Mllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllliz 


RYDERS 

BIENNIALS 


To  obtain  the  best  results  with 
biennials  the  seed  should  be  sown 
early  in  the  year  so  as  to  obtain 
strong  vigorous  plants.  This  applies 
particularly  to  Sweet  Williams, 
Hollyhocks,  Canterbury  Bells, 
Chimney  Campanulas,  Wallflowers 
and    Honesty. 

;    ONLY    THE    BEST 

:  Seeds  are  sent  out  by  RYDERS  of 

\  St.  Albans.     They  are  of  high  ger- 

E  minating    percentage    and    true    to 

:  name.     Besides  a  large  selection  of 

:  the    best    Biennials  and  Perennials, 

I  Ryders  offer  seeds  of  many  rare  and 

:  uncommon     trees    and    shrubs     un- 

\  obtainable  elsewhere. 

z  All  lists  free  by  return. 

\  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  ^ 

^  Seeds,    Plants,    Bulbs,  Tools   and    all    Garden  = 

Z  Sundries  of  the  best  quality  at  low  prices  from  ^ 

\    RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS    I 

^  (Ryder  &  Son  W20)  Ltd.!  = 

rlllillllllllllllllllliiilllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHIIIIIIIlT- 


Hcrbaccous  borders  may  be 
much  improved  at  a  very  slight 
cost  by  sowing  patches  of  hardy 
annuals  in  the  bare  places, 
taking  care  to  use  tall  subjects 
for  the  back  and  dwarf  ones 
for  the  front  of  beds.  The 
following  is  a  short  selection  of 
really  useful  hardy  annuals  for 
this  purpose  : — ■ 

ALYSSUM  procumbens,  white 
carpet.  3d.;  CALLIOPSIS 
bicolor  nana,  3d.;  Calliopsis 
Drummondii,  2d.  ;  Calliopsis 
Tom  Thumb  Beauty, 6d. :  Choice 
Mixed,  2d.;  CANDYTUFT, 
Giant  Hyacinth  fid.,  3d.  : 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  Morn- 
ing Star  and  Evening  Star,  3d. 
each;  CLARKIA,  Salmon 
Queen,  Double  3d.  ;  and  Clarkia 
Elegans  Vesuvius,  3d. ;  GO- 
DETIAS,  in  variety,  3d  ; 
LIN  ARIA  Maroccana  excelsior 
mixture,  beautiful  little  flowers 
shaped  like  Snapdragons,  3d.  ; 
NIGELLA,  MISS  JEKYLL, 
3d.;  SUNFLOWERS,  in  var., 
2d.  and  3d.;  VISCARIA, 
Fire  King,  very  fine,  6d. 

J .  R.  Pearson  &Sons,  Ltd., 
Lowdham, 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


m 


^Ty^sE&^^J^^ 


No.  2579— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[April  23,  192X. 


THE  finest  of  flowering  Crabs  (Pyrus 
Sclieideckeri)  is  at  the  time  of  writing 
flowering  to  perfection.  If  only  this 
shrub  were  better  known  it  would 
be  seen  in  nine  gardens  out  of  ten. 
.Although  not  over  robust,  it  Is  wonderfully 
profuse  in  blossom  and  a  glorious  sight  at  its 
best,  as  may  be  gathered  from  the  illustra- 
tion on  the  front  cover  of  this  issue.  It  is 
a  much  branched  tree  or  shrub  of  hybrid  origin, 
and  every  branch  is  WTeathed  in 
blossom.  The  flowers  are  semi- 
double  and  pale  rose,  and  they 
are  borne  two  weeks  later  than 
the  beautiful  Pjtus  floribunda 
or  Japanese  Crab,  which  is 
claimed  as  one  of  its  parents. 
Young hea'thy  trees  produce  shoots 
which  arc  smothered  with  liloom 
from  top  to  bottom,  and  these, 
when  cut.  are  very  useful  for 
house  decoration. 

Hardy  Fuchsias. — Perhaps  the- 
hardiest  and  best  known  sort  is 
Riccartoni,  and  no  shrubbery 
border  ought  to  be  without  a  few 
clumps  of  this  delightful  subject. 
Grown  in  company  with  Hydrangea 
arborea  grandiflora  it  is  most 
effective,  and  although  in  many 
districts  it  is  cut  down  by  frost 
each  winter,  it  breaks  away  freely 
again  and  seems  to  grow  stronger 
each  season.  In  favoured  districts, 
such  as  the  Island  of  Arran,  it 
attains  the  dimensions  of  a  large 
shrub,  while  hedges  of  it  are 
common. 

Broccoli.- — -The  principal  sowing 
may  now  be  made,  but  the  seed 
must  be  sown  thinly,  and  the  soil 
should  be  in  good  condition  to 
produce  strong,  healthy  plants. 
They  ought  never  to  receive  a 
check.  A  selection  must  be  made 
so  that  a  continual  supply  is 
maintained,  and  the  White  and 
Purple  Sprouting  varieties  ought 
•not  to  be  forgotten.  For  autumn 
and  early  winter,  Michaelmas 
White  and  Snow's  Winter  ;  main 
crop,  Winter  Mammoth  and  Leam- 
ington ;  late  varieties,  Late  Queen, 
Model  and  June  King. 

A  New  Alpine  Auricula.— The 
new  Auricula  Roxburgh,  sent  out 
by  Mr.  James  Douglas,  is  a 
very  fine  a  d  d  i  ti  o  n  to  the 
alpine  section.  A  casual  glance 
at    the    accompanying    illustration 


gives  one  a  good  idea  of  the  stout  umbel  and  bold 
head  of  flowers  that  this  variety  is  capable  of 
carrying.  Moreover,  the  healthy  appearance 
of  the  foliage  in  particular  bears  evidence  of  a 
sound  constitution.  A  closer  inspection  of  the 
illustration  reveals  a  certain  amount  of  refinement 
in  the  flowers,  which  are  of  good  size,  nearly  2ins, 
across,  shaded  purple,  and  merging  to  blue  at 
the  margin,  while  the  creamy  white  centre  is 
remarkably  well  defined. 


Spring     Foliage     of     Pieris     formosa.— This 

beautiful  subject  commenced  flowering  this  year 
towards  the  end  of  March,  and  lovely  as  the 
drooping  clusters  of  white  bells  undoubtedly  are, 
the  shrub  is  even  more  striking  when  putting 
forth  its  new  leaves.  These  appear  in  terminal 
tufts  and  are  not  unlike  thofee  of  the  commoner 
P.  japonica  in  form  and  colour,  but  they  are  three 
or  four  times  as  large  and  very  much  more  brilliant 
in  tint.  Both  the  new  stems  and  the  leaves  are, 
when  they  first  appear,  a  warm, 
glowing  vermilion  softened  with 
cliamois  or  golden-buff,  and  this 
striking  tint,  set-off,  as  it  were, 
by  the  highly  polished  surface, 
prevails  for  many  weeks  and  could 
hardly  have  a  better  background 
than  that  afforded  by  the  dark, 
rather  heavy,  green  of  the  old 
foliage.  Hence  if  P.  formosa  fails 
to  bring  flower-buds  to  perfection 
it  offers  us  a  worthy  compensation. 
A  Challenge  Cup  for  Amateur 
Orchid  Growers. —  .\  number  of 
the  trade  growers  of  Orchids,  hoping 
to  see  more  exhibits  from  amateur 
growers  at  Chelsea,  have  offered  to 
the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society  a  Challenge  Cup  to 
the  value  of  fifty  guineas  to  be 
competed  for  at  Chelsea  by  amateurs 
who  employ  not  more  than  three 
gardeners  in  their  Orchid  houses, 
including  the  head-gardener.  No 
group  may  exceed  60  sq.  ft.,  and 
the  award  will  be  made  especially 
for  the  following  points  ;  best  culti- 
vation, arrangement,  quality  and 
variety.  Any  exhibitor  winning  the 
Challenge  Cup  three  times  shall 
become  the  owner.  A  replica  of  this 
cup  will  be  provided  on  each  occa- 
sion when  the  cup  is  awarded, 
except  when  the  cup  is  won  out- 
right. Medals  will  be  awarded  by 
the  Council  of  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society  to  the  compet'-o-s 
placed  second  and  third,  provid- 
ing their  groups  are  of  sufficient 
merit. 


AURICULA 
Flowers  ar 


ROXBURGH,   A    FINE   ADDITION    TO    THE  ALPINE   SECTION. 
e  shaded  purple,  blue  at  the  margin,  with  creamy  white  centre. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 

April  26.  —  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  Fortnightly  Meeting  in 
conjunction  with  which  will  be  held 
the  Auricula  and  Primula  Society's 
Show  (two  days). 

.\pril  27.  —  Irish  Gardeners' 
.Association  Mcetme. 


198 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  23,   192 1. 


WHY   ARE    THERE    SO    MANY   FAILURES 
WITH    BORDER    CARNATIONS? 


By    JAMES    DOUGLAS. 


IN  dealing  with  the  management  of   the  hardy 
Border  Carnation  it  would  be  best  if  I  stated 
clearly  that  this  plant  does  well  in  any  soil 
to    be    found    in    Great    Britain.     I    desire 
particularly    to    point    out    that     my    own 
experience    proves     the    successful     development 
of    this    lovely    garden    favourite    depends    more 
npon  the  observance  of  the  simplest  elementary 
principles  of  gardening,  backed  by  common-sense, 
than  upon  the  nature  or  character  of  the  soil  in 
which  it  is  their  lot  to  be  planted.     How  many 
intelligent   people  one  hears   observe :     "  Oh,   we 
can't    grow    Carnations   in    Blankshire ;     the   soil 
is  far  too  heavy  "  I     Another  will  say,  "  Oh,  it's 
useless ;     we   have   tried   to   grow   Carnations    at 
Upcombe,    but    the    soil's    too    light "  !    These 
assertions,  and  others  like  them,  are  so  often  heard 
that    one   becomes    quite   used    to    them.     Both, 
however,  are  wrong ;   no  soil  is  too  heavy,  and  no 
soil    too    light,    to    grow    Border    Carnations    to 
perfection,   provided   always   that   the  plants   are 
watered   with  love   and  fed   with   common-sense. 
It  would  be  well  for  those  who  allege  their  soil 
is  not  good  enough  could  they  but  see  Carnations 
growing  with  no  soil  at  all.    There  is  a  wonderful 
old   chateau    in    Normandy,    towering   high    over 
the  Seine,  above  the  town  of  Les  Andel>'s,  where 
the  wild  Carnation  can  be  seen  clinging  to  the 
old    keep    or    donjon    tower    and    forming    great 
clusters  of  rosy  red  flowers  with  hardly  a  particle 
of  soil  to  sustain  life,  yet  it  flourishes  e.xceedingly, 
and   its   seed-pods,    burst    and   scattered   by   the 
wind,    distribute    their    contents    down    the    face 
of  the  walls.    Hundreds  of  young  seedlings  spring 
from  the  cracks  in  the  hard  flinty  masonry,  yet 
not  a  plant,  not  a  leaf  is  affected  by  rust  nor  by 
any  of   the  kindred   ailments   so   common   to   its 
highly  developed  brother. 

After  many  years  of  disappointment  and  success 
I    am   firmly   convinced   that   nine-tenths   of   the 
ailments  that  affect  modem  Carnations  are  caused 
by  ground  that  is  loo  rich,  not  too  poor — ground 
that  is  overcharged  with  nitrogen  and  phosphates, 
often  introduced  year  by  year  into  the  soil  through 
the  medium  of  so-called  fertilisers  or  plant  foods  ; 
avoid  these  as  you  would  avoid  the  plague  !     I 
have  tiurned  them  down  finally  and  irrevocably. 
If  the  ground  needs  a  fertiliser  I  know  of  nothing 
to    equal    farmyard    manure,    soot    and   lime    in 
proper  season.     Let  the  farmyard  and  the  stable 
provide  you  with  all  that  is  necessary  to  rejuvenate 
the   most    worn-out   border   in   the   garden.     For 
ten  years  we  have  used  nothing  at  Edenside  but 
decayed    horse    manure,    our    soil    being    on    the 
heavy  or  clayey  side ;    for  soils  on  the  light  side 
endeavour  to  obtain  cow  manure,  although  horse 
manure  will  answer   as   well.     In  clayey  soil  we 
found  great  benefit  from  an  occasional  dressing 
of  clean  road  sand,  imtainted  by  tar,  and  varied 
intermittently   with    a   dressing   of   slacked   lime. 
An    ideal    soil    for    Carnations,    of    course,    is    a 
calcareous  or  chalk  soil ;    there  is  no  doubt  that 
any   soil,    heavy   or  light,  naturally  charged  with 
carbonate    of    lime     or     dressed    with     calcium 
hydroxide    will  grow    Carnations    to    perfection. 
I  have  found   mortar  nibble  from  old  buildings 
is    most    beneficial   to    Carnations,    either   in    the 
border   or    mixed    with    potting   composts,   for  it 
usually    contains    in    some    degree    carbonate    of 
lime.     I    cannot    emphasise    too    frequently    the 
virtue  of  natural  fertilisers  ;    they  are  so  cheap 
and  effective.    Snow,  frost,  sun,  rain,  fog — all  are 
invaluable.     Keep  yom  ground  turned  up  loo-ely 


with  a  fork  in  the  autumn,  and  when  digging 
do  not  break  up  the  lumps  of  earth  more  than  you 
can  help  ;  allow  the  winter  frost  and  rain  to  do  that 
for  you.  Nature  is  infinitely  wiser  than  we  are,  and 
she  does  all  things  well.  Much  ground  is  spoiled 
by  allowing  it  to  remain  undug  during  the  winter. 
If  planting  is  to  be  done  in  the  herbaceous 
borders  care  must  be  taken  to  arrange  that  no 
coarse-growing  occupant  be  allowed  to  exclude 
that  light  and  air  so  essential  to  the  welfare  of 
the  plants,  for  it  must  be  remembered  that 
Carnations  of  every  type  are  sunshine-loving 
plants  and  any  attempt  to  grow  them  in  a  sunless 
position  would  be  courting  failure.  I  have  seen 
remarkably  fine  displays  of  bloom  in  every  position 
of  the  garden,  excepting  where  the  border  was 
due  north  and  entirely  shaded  from  the  sun. 
Provided  always  the  plants  get  an  hour  or  so  of 
sun  daily,  I  consider  any  of  the  following  positions 


and  the  tending  of  your  stock  you  find  yourself 
faced  with  failures  on  account  of  plants  being 
soft  and  unhealthy  or  otherwise  unsatisfactory, 
you  will  regret  not  having  obtained  your  plants 
from  a  sure  source  and  from  a  stock  that  has  been 
hardened  by  years  of  care  and  skill,  thereby 
ensuring  success. 

There  are  many  opinions  as  to  the  most  stiitable 
time  for  planting,  some  based  on  experience,  some 
with  due  regard  to  locality,  and  some,  I  fear, 
due  to  faddism.  There  are  some  who  advocate 
the  autumn ;  others  will  only  plant  in  the  spring. 
Personally  I  do  not  care  whether  I  plant  in 
September  or  any  month  between  then  and  May  ; 
of  course,  I  refer  to  properly  bred  stock.  Probably, 
weak  stocks  would  be  better  housed  through  the 
winter  and  planted  out  in  April.  No  matter 
where  the  locality  I  invariably  advise  the  autumn, 
if  possible ;  and  if  not,  then  spring  may  be 
regarded  as  perfectly  satisfactory.  The  only 
difference,  as  it  appeals  to  me,  is  that  autumn 
planted  stock  has  time  to  root  and  make  more 
and  bigger  side-growths  than  stock  planted  in 
the  spring.  Having  prepared  the  ground  and 
obtained  the  stock,  plant  firmly  at  least  i4ins. 
apart,  especially  if  it  is  intended  to  allow  the  plants 
to  remain  for  a  second  or  third 
year  undisturbed — a  method 
now  much  in  practice  with 
many  people,  for  the  hardy 
Border  Carnation  is  a  true 
perennial  and  gains  immensely 
by  being  treated  as  such.  I 
have  seen  as  many  as  500 
blooms  and  buds  on  one  two 
year  old  plant.  When  plant- 
ing be  sure  to  press  the 
ground  all  round,  then  plant 
firmly  with  the  hands ;  if 
the  soil  is  at  all  dry  an 
immediate  watering  will  be 
beneficial,  enabling  the  fresh 
planned  layers  to  "  take  hold." 
.\s  soon  as  the  first  weed 
seei  iing  appears,  thoroughly 
stir  the  ground  with  the 
Dutch  hoe  to  kill  all  weeds 
and  to  aerate  the  soil. 


A  Parent  of  Present- 
Day  Azaleas 


THE    PINK-FLOWERED    FORM    OF    RHODODENDRON 
NUDIFLORUM. 


satisfactory  :  South,  south-west,  south-east,  north- 
west and  north-east,  in  order  of  preference.  As 
we  are  now  dealing  with  the  cultivation  of  named 
or  established  varieties  as  distinct  from  seed- 
lings, I  would  impress  upon  my  readers  to  remember 
that  it  is  the  same  with  Carnations  as  it  is  with 
poultry  and  all  livestock.  It  is  a  drea:dfully 
extravagant  method  to  obtain  cheap,  unhealthy 
plants  ;  get  the  best,  it  is  infinitely  cheaper,  for 
if   after  taking  the  trouble  of   preparing  ground 


RHODODENDRON     NUDIFLORUM 
(AZALEA     NUDIFLORA) 

The  introduction  of  so  many 
hybrid  Azaleas  has  rather 
put  into  the  background 
the  value  and  beauty  of  the 
species.  One  of  the  most 
important  of  these  is  Azalea 
nudiflora,  a  native  of  Eastern 
North  America,  which  is  said 
to  have  been  first  introduced 
to  Britain  by  Mr.  Peter 
Collinson  in  1734.  It  is 
readily  raised  from  seeds,  and 
flowers  when  about  ift.  or 
rather  more  in  height,  but  ultimately  becomes 
a  wide-spreading  deciduous  bush  6ft.  to  7ft, 
or  more  in  height.  The  flowers  of  the  spray 
illustrated  were  pink,  though  in  a  wild  state 
the  blossoms  are  stated  to  vary,  and  include 
rosy  red  and  purpUsh  shades.  A.  nudiflora  is 
figured  in  one  of  the  early  volumes  of  the 
Botanical  Magazine,  tab.  180,  and  is  said  to  have 
been  largely  used  by  the  hybridist  in  the  pro- 
duction of  the  present  race  of  garden  Azaleas. 


April  23,  192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


199 


A    Beautiful 
Spring -Flowering   Shrub 

(THE    SNOWY  MESPaUS) 

The  petals  are  now  falling  fast  from  the  white 
flowers  of  the  Sno\v>-  Mespilus.  In  common  with 
other  trees  of  the  Plum  and  Cherry  family,  the 
Snow)'  Mespilus  has  this  year  flowered  with  remark- 
able profusion.  So  freely  does  it  grow,  apparently 
wild,  in  some  parts  of  the  country,  that  it  is 
regarded  as  indigenous.  It  is  very  common  for 
instance  in  the  woods  around  Bagshot,  Surrey, 
and  for  a  few  weeks  past  it  has  been  a  common 
sight  to  se^'children  in  the  lanes  with  armfuls 
of  floweripg  sprays  of  Snowy  MespUus  and  yellow 
flowering'  Brooms.  The  Snowy  Mespilus  makes 
a  low  tre^from  loft.  to  20ft.  in  height.  It  is  not 
in  the  least  particular  in  regard  to  soil,  being  quitfe 
at  home  in  the  dry  sandy  hillsides  and  in  boggy 
peat  places  in  the  lowland.  It  is  common  on  the 
outskirts  of  Pine  woods  and  its  profusion  of  white 
flowers  are  seen  from  afar  against  the  dark  back- 
grotind  of  Conifers. 

-•Uthough  a  familiar  object  of  our  countryside, 
it  may  be  an  estray  from  nurseries  and  gardens. 
Native  of  the  mountains  of  Central  and  Southern 
Europe,  it  has  been  in  cultivation  for  over  two 
hundred  years,  though  its  date  of  introduction 
is  unrecorded.  The  flowers  are  followed  by  small 
fruits,  dark  purple  when  ripe  and  about  the  size 
of  Black  Currants.  These  are  palatable  to  birds 
and  the  seeds  are  doubtless  distributed  by  their 
agency.  The  Snowy  Mespilus  should  find  a  place  in 
every  garden  ;  it  is  graceful  in  foliage,  beautiful 
in  flower  and  fairly  compact  in  habit.  The  smaller 
flowered  Amelanchier  canadensis,  from  20ft.  to 
30ft.  high,  is  more  common  in  gardens  and  is  often 
referred  to  as  Snowy  MespOus,  though  it  has, 
at  least,  three  common  names,  viz..  Service  Berry, 
June  Berry  or  Grape  Pear.     Despite  its  popular 


names,  the  fruits,  in  this  country  at  all  events, 
are  about  as  dry  and  tasteless  as  the  fruits  of  the 
common  Hawthorn,  but  it  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  of  spring  flowering  shrubs.  H.  C. 

AHELANCHIER    CANADENSIS 

For  planting  in  half-wild  woodland  or  some  such 
region  as  the  joining  of  garden  and  copse  there 
is  nothing  prettier  than  this  little  tree.     In  growth 


time  to  listen  to  protests,  the  emergency  is  too  dire. 
It  is  essential  to  water  thoroughly,  to  soak  the  soil 
to  a  great  depth,  so  as  sooil  as  the  surface  begins 
to  flood  pass  on  to  the  next  subject  and  then  go 
back  to  the  first.  Repeat  this  several  times. 
Next  treat  the  fruit  trees,  especially  if  they  are 
out  in  bloom.  Then  the  Rhododendrons,  thirsty 
subjects,  and  now  the  Irises  and  so  on  ;  keep  at  it. 
Let  the  rake  follow  all  the  watering  both  the  same 


THE     SNOWY    MESPILUS    IN    WOODLAND. 


it  is  singularly  graceful,  and  late  in  April  or  in 
early  May  it  is  covered  with  its  pretty  white 
bloom.  The  foUage  is  also  neat  and  attractive, 
and  takes  a  fine  colour  in  autumn.  Many  years 
ago  it  was  planted  in  a  wood  in  south-west  Surrey, 
and  now  it  has  spread  for  a  mile  or  two — no  doubt 
carried  by  birds.  It  is  pleasant  to  come  upon  it 
in  neighbouring  rough  woodland,  apparently  quite 
wild  and  certainly  happily  acclimatised.       G.  J. 


evening  and  the  following  morning.  This  raking 
of  the  soil  surface  is  essential  to  prevent  evapora- 
tion from  the  soil  and  acts  in  this  respect  better 
than  any  mulch.  Fruit  trees  in  bloom  thus  treated 
ensure  a  full  crop.  C.  A.  Jardine. 


THE   FLOWERS   OF   THE   SNOWY    MESPILUS. 


Water !    Water  !    Water ! 

Water   is  nozo  the  most    Urgent 
Requirement  of  the  Garden. 

Never  mind  what  your  gardener,  your  neighbour 
or  your  dearest  friend  tells  you,  it  is  water  that 
your  garden  wants  most  at  the  moment.  All  the 
buds,  leaves  and  flowers  for  this  season  are  rolled 
up  in  the  plant  and  all  of  them,  or  most  of  them  will 
wilt  and  die  off  prcmatiu-ely  without  water,  which 
constitutes  ninety -odd  per  cent,  of  vegetable  life. 
Never  mind  what  work  is  most  argent,  it  can 
wait.  Get  the  hose  or  the  water  can  and  keep 
every  available  hand  at  the  pumps  just  as  if  your 
garden  was  a  leaking  ship  at  sea.  Indeed,  it  is 
just  as  serious  for,  unless  the  garden  has  water,  there 
will  be  a  sorry  tale  to  tell,  not  only  this  year, 
but  next  year  too.  The  wall  fruit  will  want  it 
first.  I  can  hear  the  gardener's  growl  of  :  "  Who 
ever  heard  of  watering  fruit  trees  in  bloom." 
Take  no  notice  of  him  or  his  kind.    Ttis  is  not  the 


Annuals  that  can  be  Sown 
in  the  Rock  Garden 
during  May 

During  the  spring  of  1920  when  laying  out  a 
new  garden,  part  of  which  was  a  rock  garden, 
I  was  at  a  loss  when  it  was  completed  (it  being 
the  end  of  May  by  then)  of  how  to  brighten  it 
up  during  the  summer  months,  when  I  hit  upon 
the  idea  of  annuals.  These  I  sowed  in  irregular 
patches,  choosing  mostly  the  dwarf  varieties, 
which,  when  in  bloom,  gave  a  show  far  beyond 
what  one  could  expect  from  alpines  in  the  rock 
garden ;  they  continued  to  bloom  right  on  until 
the  end  of  October.  Tho  following  are  a  few  of 
the  varieties  most  suitable  for  this  purpose  : 
Alyssum  minimum,  .'isperula  setosa,  Bartonia, 
Calcmdriuia,  Calliopsis  nana,  Cynoglossiun  lini- 
folium,  Gypsophila  elegans,  lonopsidium  acaule, 
Leptosiphon  hybridis,  Limnanthes  Douglassii, 
Linaria  reticulata,  Nemesia  Suttonii,  Nastiu^ium 
Liliput,  Phacelia  campanularia,  Saponaria  cala- 
brica  and  Sedum  coenilcum. 

Forfarshire.  G.  S.  London. 


200 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  23,   1921. 


THE  LONDON  DAFFODIL  SHOW 


Flowers  that  Merit  Special  Attention. 


M: 


[Conliiwed  from  page  191.) 


Y  previous  notes  on  the  London 
Daffodil  Show  left  a  good  deal  unsaid. 
The  list  of  notable  ilowers  was  not 
concluded,  and,  with  the  exception  of 
the  large  pink  trumpeted  Leedsii  on 
Barr's  stand,  no  notice  whatever  was  taken  of 
the  large  trade  groups  and  their  contents. 

This  list  of  flowers  is  taken  entirely  from  the 
competitive  section  of  the  Show,  and,  for  what 
my  judgment  is  worth,  they  are  written  about 
from  a  "  Show"  point  of  view.  I  dwell  upon  this 
because  a  very  high  official  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  told  rae  that  he  considered  all 
the  flowers  ought  to  be  judged  from  a  garden 
point  of  view.  He,  of  course,  is  quite  entitled  to 
hold  such  an  opinion,  but  1  think  that  if  judges 
were  appointed  who  only  looked  at  the  blooms 
from  a  garden  standpoint  the  managers  of  the 
Show  would  be  snowed  under  with  letters  of  protest, 
and  the  judging  would  have  to  be  done  all  over 
again.  Naturally,  there  will  be  varieties  which 
are  excellent  from  both  standpoints.  All  I  want 
to  say  is  that  the  two  points  of  view  are  by  no 
means  always  synonymous. 

So,  continuing  the  list,  I  mention  Silver  Bell, 
which  appeared  in  two  of  Mr.  W.  Welchman's 
competitive    exhibits.       It    is    a    white    trumpet 


WHITE   EMPEROR  : 


variety,    which  in    its    general    appearance 
reminds    one    of    Mrs.    Robert  Sydenham. 
The  Donard  Nursery  Company    had  quite 
a  number  of  excellent  flowers  in  one  class 
or  another.     Tenedos,  which  easily  carried 
off  the  first  prize  in  the  single  bloom  Giant 
Leedsii  class,   I   consider  one  of  the  very 
best  blooms  in  the  whole  Show.     It  is  very 
large,    having     a    perianth    4|ins.    across. 
The  segments  are  pointed,  but  overlap  well 
towards  their  base.  The  cup  is  well  propor- 
tioned and  of  a  pale  primrose   colour.      I 
liked  it  very  much,  and  I  found  everyone 
to    whom    I    pointed    it    out   shared   my 
opinion.     Somewhere  I  saw  good  examples 
of  the  beautiful  pale  bicolor  trumpet  Moira 
O'Nei),   which   I   remember    so    well    from 
last   year.      The  Donard  Nursery  Company 
had  it  in  their  trade  exhibit  and,  I  think, 
in    their    competitive    exhibit    of    twelve 
trumpets.     A  second  introduction  has  only 
confirmed   my  good   opinion   of  its  merits. 
I   also    noted     in    their    twelve    Lady    Primrose, 
another  good   show   pale  bicolor   trumpet   with  a 
grand,  smooth  surfaced  overlapping  perianth  which 
measured  4iins.  from  tip  to  tip.     For  a  bit  of  deep 
yellow,    nothing  in  the    Hall    came   up    to    their 
Prospector.    This  strik- 
ing  variety  was  raised 
by     Engleheart,      and 
although   it    is    not    a 
show     bloom     of     the 
highest       quality,      it 
would  make  a  welcome 
change    from    paler 
yellows    in    a  trumpet 
class.      It  has  a  bold- 
looking   trumpet   with 
broad  flange  ;   a  small, 
almost  out   of  propor- 
tion twisted   perianth, 
which     only   measures 
qjins.  in  diameter.     If 
it  has  the  constitution 
of  an  Emperor,     Pros- 
pector will  soon  justify 
its  name  and  find  some 
Treasury  notes  for  its 
owner.     Mr.   Chapman 
had    a    very    pleasing 
poet    in    the    poeticus 
class,    named    Minuet. 
Poets   are  very    much 
alike  when  you    have 
divided     the     all    red 
from    the     red       and 
yellow   eyes    and    the 
round  from  the  pointed 
perianth.       This    par- 
ticular   variety   has    a 
round    perianth     with 
very      wide    segments 
and     a     deep     toned 
red    and    yellow    eye. 
Mr.  W.  F.  M.  Copeland 
pinned    his     faith     to 
Mary  Copeland  in  the 
single     bloom     double 
class.     It  is  not  a  new 
variety,    but    I    have 
not    so    far    seen    its 
A  VARIETY   WITH  A  FUTURE.  superior.  The  beautiful 


THIS   VARIETY,    LADY    MOORE,   HAS    A   BROAD   RED 
BAND   AND   WHITE    PERIANTH. 


symmetry  of  the  whole  flower  and  the  little 
tongues,  like  as  of  fire,  popping  up  here  and 
there  in  the  white  segments  of  the  much 
augmented  perianth  are  very  effective.  Mr. 
Copeland  also  had  one  of  those  curious 
coloured  flowers  like  Jeanette,  which  he  labelled 
"  What  is  it  ?  "  I  think  I  told  him  that  its  colour 
— which,  of  course,  was  the  cause  of  the  question — 
might  be  described  as  "  neither  flesh,  fowl,  nor 
good  red  herring."  Enez,  which  he  exhibited  in 
his  group  of  seedlings,  is  another  of  these  strange 
coloured  flowers.  Its  colour  stood  it  in  good 
stead  and  gained  it  an  award  of  merit .  As  a  good 
trumpet  variety  of  a  medium  yellow  I  nmst  mention 
Dr.  Lower's  Clarion.  It  is  quite  a  good  thing. 
Ah,  but  what  a  pity  it  is  that  so  many  beautiful 
flowers  have  to  be  looked  at  when  they  have  only 
numbers  on  their  identification  plates.  It  would 
be  so  much  easier  for  the  reporter,  and  so  much 
more  interesting  to  the  reader,  if  the  wholesome 
custom  of  infant  baptism  were  a  law  in  the  Daffodil 
world.  There  were  some  grand  flowere  in  Messrs. 
Welchman's,  Williams'  and  Lower's  twelves  for 
the  Engleheart  Cup. 

The  trade  exhibits  were  on  the  whole  distinctly 
good,  inasmuch  as  the  individual  flowers  in  them 
were  of  good  quality  and  nicely  arranged.  1 
cannot  say,  however,  that  I  care  for  fantastic 
arrangements  in  these  groups,  and  I  do  think  in 
a  two  days'  show  the  flowers  ought  to  be  suflS- 
ciently  fresh  to  stand  a  second  day.  I  think  with 
one  exception  every  group  contained  a  larger  or 
smaller  proportion  of  seedlings  ;  that  is  to  say,  of 
very  new  varieties.  The  following  list  contains 
for  the  most  part  old  varieties.  It  was  made 
when  I  took  a  grand  tour  round  the  various  e.xhibits 
on  the  morning  of  the  second  day :  Messrs.  Barr 
and  Sons,  the  centre  vas?  of  the  Pink  Leedsii, 
raised  by  the  late  Mrs.  Backhouse,  and  Ardis,  a 
good  Jonquil  hybrid  ;  Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons, 
Lady  Margaret  Boscawen,  Fairy  Queen  and 
Bernardino ;  Messrs.  R.  H.  Bath,  Great  Warley, 
Black  Prince  and  Harold  Finn ;  The  Anglesey 
Bulb  Growers'  Association,  Incognita,  Donax 
(distinguished  by  its  pretty  red  cup  and  lovely 
yellow  perianth)  and  Colonel  Cotton  (a  pale  yellow 
trumpet)  ;  Messrs.  Ryders,  Lucifer  and  Evange- 
line ;  Mr.  W.  F.  M.  Copeland,  Mary  Copeland  and 
Irene  Copeland ;  Messrs.  J.  R.  Pearson  and  Sons, 
Countess  of  Southesk  (a  Leedsii  Frank  Miles,  very 


April  23,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


201 


lovely  as  a  cut  flower).  Fiietail  and  Norah  Pearson  ; 
The  Donard  Nursery  Company,  White  Emperor, 
Harver-t  Moon  and  Evelyn  Mellish ;  Messrs. 
Cartwright  and  Goodwin,  Ruby  and  Loch  FjTie.  I 
must  say  a  last  word  for  two  varieties  which  were 
to  be  seen  in  several  places  in  good  condition — 
Lady  Moore,  a  most  striking  incomparabilis  with 
a  broad  red  band  round  the  top  of  the  cup  and  a 
white  perianth ;  and  Mrs.  Robert  Sydenham, 
still  one  of  the  best  whites  when  well  grown.  WTiat 
a  difference  cultivation  makes  !  I  measured  an 
amateur's  flower  and  it  was  3Jins.  in  diameter, 
whereas  the  examples  staged  by  the  Donard 
Nursery  Company  were,  most  of  them,  a  good 
4ins.  I  was  glad,  too,  to  see  the  shapely  little 
Eoster   still  in  the  laird  of  the  living. 


On  the  recommendation  of  the  Narcissus  Com- 
mittee the  council  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  has  awarded  the  Barr  Memorial  Cup 
for  1 92 1,  to  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Wilson,  of 
the  Moor.  Presteign,  Radnor.  This  Cup  is 
awarded  every  year  to  anyone  who,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  Committee,  has  done  good  work 
of  some  kind  on  Daffodils. 

The  Engleheart  Challenge  Cup  was  awarded  to 
Dr.  N.  Y.  Lower,  of  St.  David's.  Presteign, 
Radnor,  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Daffodil  Meeting  on  April  5th,  for  the  best  twelve 
varieties  of  seedling  and  new  Daffodils  not  in 
commerce.  This  is  the  second  time  in  suc» 
cessive  years  that  this  cup  has  been  won  by 
Dr.  Lower.  Joseph  Jacob. 


An  Old    Favourite  in   New  Clothes 

Thirteen    Weeks   of   Bloom 


THERE  is  a  triple  alliance  in  the  modern 
Antirrhinum  between  the  three  "  c's  " 
charm,  colour  and  continuity,  and  it  is 
fast  becoming  recognised  as  the  plant 
for  every  garden.  The  old  types  and 
varieties  that  grew  in  grand- 
mother's garden  possessed  charm. 
Did  we  not  as  children  love 
to  pinch  the  blooms  to  make 
them  open  their  mouths  ?  Did  we 
not  wonder  how  those  plants  got 
on  the  top  of  the  old  garden  wall, 
and  with  only  the  crumbling  mortar 
in  the  crevices  to  root  in,  how 
they  were  able  to  thrive  and  bloom 
all  the  summer  long  ?  The  charm 
of  the  Antirrhinum  is  in  its  old 
associations  as  well  as  its  beauty. 
But  its  colours  are  to-day  some- 
thing undreamt  of  in  the  days  of 
long  ago.  All  those  dazzling  and 
glorious  shades  of  orange,  flame 
and  vermilion  which  we  find  in 
such  varieties  as  Afterglow,  Beacon, 
Torchlight  and  Bonfire  are  modern 
achievements.  We  never  had  such 
clean,  clear  pinks  as  we  have  now 
in  Fascination,  Esme,  Wild  Rose  or 
roseum  superbum.  Purity  is  a  real 
white  which  shows  no  trace  of 
yellow  even  on  the  nose :  while 
Golden  Gem,  Golden  Queen  antl 
Canary  Bird  are  yellows  of  pure- 
rich  tone.  No  richer  colour  is  neederl 
than  the  velvety,  almost  black  and 
crimson  of  Black  Prince,  and 
between  these  outstanding  colours 
we  have  glorious  bright-hued 
flowers  and  delicately  tinted  and 
shaded  flowers  to  please  all  tastes. 
As  to  continuity,  the  Antirrhinum 
is  almost  without  parallel.  Plants 
will  bloom  for  twelve  or  thirteen 
weeks  if  one  will  but  remove  faded 
flower-spikes  before  seed  forms.  If 
a  bed  is  planted  with  autumn-sown 
and  spring-sown  plants  intermixed, 
the  former  will  start  to  bloom  by 
the  beginning  of  June.  The  spring- 
sown  will  be  in  bloom  in  July,  By 
the  end  of  July  the  autumn-sown 
may  be  cut  back  and  will  scarcely 
be  missed.  They  will  then  break 
into  new  growth  and  bloom  again 


from   September    right    on    to    severe    November 
frosts. 

April  is  the  month  to  plant  for  best  results. 
Plants  of  a  really  good  stock  should  be  secured 
from  a  firm  who  specialises  and  offers  plants  to 


name.  One  need  not  be  too  particular  in  regard 
to  soil  or  situation,  for  it  is  one  of  the  virtues  of 
the  Antirrhinum  that  it  will  thrive  almost  any- 
where. Do  not  over-manure  the  soil,  but  leave 
feeding  until  flowering  has  commenced. 

One  thing  is  essential  to  really  good  results, 
viz.,  firm  planting.  Antirrhinums  like  deeply 
dug  soil  which  facilitates  good  drainage,  but  they 
do  not  like  a  loose,  spongy  soil,  and  the  more 
firmly  the  ground  Is  trodden  around  their  roots 
the  better.  In  a  loose  soil  the  plants  will  make 
only  soft,  sappy  growth,  but  in  firm  and  even 
hard  soil  they  will  make  short-jointed,  hard 
stems  clothed  with  small,  hard  leaves,  and 
from  such  plants  the  best  flower  -  spikes  are 
produced. 

Feeding  may  be  done  by  top-dressing  with  a 
good  fertiliser  or  by  application  of  liquid  manure. 
In  the  former  case  some  consideration  should  be 
given  to  the  character  of  the  soil  when  making  a 
choice  of  fertiliser.  If  the  soil  has  long  been 
cultivated  and  is  consequently  replete  with  humus, 
a  fertiliser  that  has  a  high  percentage  of  chemical 
phosphates  and  potash  should  be  used.  If  the 
soil  is  light  and  sandy,  an  organic  manure  such  as 
Abunda  or  Multiple  will  be  most  suitable ;  while 
for  stiff  clay  Hop  manure  is  very  good.  Liquid 
manure  may  be  made  in  the  ordinary  way  by 
soaking  a  bag  of  cow  manure,  sheep  manure  or 
fowl  manure  in  a  tank  or  barrel  of  water  and 
diluting  the  liquor  until  it  is  of  a  light  brown 
colour.  If  the  ground  is  very 
dry,  it  should  first  be  well  soaked 
'        '  with     clear     water,      the      liquid 

manure    being    run    between    the 
plants  an  hour  or  two  later. 

With  such  culture  the  taller- 
growing  varieties  will  need  staking, 
the  growths  being  loosely  looped 
to  the  stakes  with  strands  of 
raffia.  When  flowers  are  to  be 
cut  for  exhibition  or  for  decora- 
tion, they  should  be  cut  either 
early  in  the  morning  or  late  in 
the  evening,  and  placed  for  an 
hour  or  two  in  water.  They  will 
travel  best  if  placed  in  long 
shallow  boxes  lined  with  tissue 
paper.  If  carried  upright  in  water, 
\ibration  during  a  journey  causes 
many  of  the  blooms  to  drop. 

The  Antirrhinum  is  a  plant 
of  sturdy  constitution,  and  is 
singularly  free  from  destructive 
diseases.  Sometimes  greenfly 
and  caterpillars  infest  the  plants, 
but  timely  syringing  with  a  good 
insecticide  will  keep  such  troubles 
at  a  safe  distance.  There  are 
few  gardens  in  towns  or  country 
districts  where  a  bed  or  border 
of  Antirrhinums  would  not  be  a 
great  feature,  and  if  even  a 
dozen  plants  could  be  planted 
in  all  the  front  gardens  one  sees 
left  in  a  drab  and  dreary  con- 
dition the  aggregate  effect  would 
be  to  make  our  highways  and 
b\-wa>-s  brighter  and  more  cheery, 
and  the  whole  country  would  wear 
a  new  aspect.       A.  J.  Macself. 


SNAPDRAGONS    CLOTHING    A    DRY    WALL. 
For  continuity  of  bloom  the  Snapdragon  is  almost  unrivalled. 


Salsify  and  Scorzonera. — Seeds 

of  these  two  winter  roots  may 
1h-  sown  now  in  drills  drawn 
a  foot  or  I  sins,  apart  where  the 
crop  is  to  remain,  afterwards 
thinning  the  plants  to  Sins,  or 
loins.   apart. 


202 


THE     GARDEN, 


[April  23,  1921 


IMPROVING    VILLAGE     GARDENS 

The  Wonderful  Success   that  has  been  Achieved  at 
Old  Warden,  Bedfordshire. 


ONE  reads  much  in  these  days  ot  garden 
villages  and  garden  cities  and  of 
their  superiority  over  congested  urban 
and  suburban  areas.  Serried  lines 
ot  more  or  less  hideous  structures 
are  taboo,  the  monotonous  regularity  of  fore- 
courts, with  the  inevitable  Privet  hedges,  is 
conspicuous  by  its  absence,  and  the  very  sound 
of  the  term  backyard  is  anathema.  There  is 
a  delightful  openness  which  gives  fresh  air  and 
sunshine  a  chance  to  assist  in  the  maintenance 
of  good  health.  There  are  trees,  birds  and  flowers 
to  charm  by  their  varied  beauty.  There  are 
expanses  of  green  turf  to  soften  harder  tones  of 
colour,  to  tempt  the  passing  generation  to  repose, 
the  present  generation  to  relaxation,  and  the 
coming  generation  to  sport.  My  story  is  not  of 
such  as  these,  but  of  a  village  of  gardens,  accepting 
the  word  "  garden "  to  mean  a  place  of  beauty 
and  utility  too. 

The  beautiful  villages  of  England  are  well  known 
to  wayfarers.  They  are  scattered  throughout 
our  land,  each  county  yielding  its  quota  and  each 
claiming  that  its  beautiful  village  is  the  most 
beautiful  village  of  them  all.  Bedfordshire's 
beautiful  village  is  Old  Warden,  four  miles  from 
Biggleswade  and  eight  miles  from  the  county 
town.  The  trees,  the  grass,  the  cottages,  all 
alike  are  delightful,  and  visitors  flock  in  thousands 
to  see  and  to  admire.  Old  Warden  has  been 
famous  for  many  years  tor  its  attractive  features, 
but  its  proud  claim  to  be  a  village  of  gardens  is 
not  01  such  long  standing,  neither  is  it  recognised 
as  widely  as  it  ought  to  be. 

We  see  flowers  in  glorious  profusion  at  Old 
Warden,  and  we  see  magnificent  crops  of  vegetables 
in  direct  association  with  them.  Here  there  are 
gardens  of  vegetables,  gardens  of  vegetables  and 
fruits,  and  gardens  of  vegetables,  fruits  and  flowers, 
but  there  is  no  garden  ot  flowers  alone.  Is  there 
another  of  England's  beautiful  villages  which  can 
substantitate  such  a  claim  ?  Dare  one  venture 
to  say  that  in  this  respect  Old  Warden  is  unique  ? 


To  know  how  this  exceptional,  if  not  unique, 
state  of  affairs  has  been  brought  about  will  be 
interesting  to  readers.  The  late  Colonel  Frank 
Shuttleworth,  of  Old  Warden,  was  intensely  proud 
of  his  village  and  its  amenities.  He  was  always 
ready  to  encourage  efforts  directed  towards 
increasing  its  attractiveness.  Any  suggestion, 
however  trivial  at  first  sound,  which  might  go  to 
improvement,  was  given  careful  consideration. 
Beauty,  more  beauty,  still  more  beauty,  Colonel 
Shuttleworth  could  not  be  satiated  with  it. 

Then  came  the  happy  thought.  Old  Warden 
had  achieved  renow.i  among  the  beautiful  villages 
of  England — Why  should  it  not  achieve  fame  for 
the  excellence  of  its  utilitarian  gardens  ?  The 
head-gardener  at  the  Park,  Mr.  W.  C.  Modral, 
and  1  were  deputed  to  discuss  the  matter,  formu- 
late a  scheme  and  submit  it  for  consideration. 

There  are  many  villages  in  which  prizes  are 
offered  for  the  best  kept  and  cropped  gardens, 
and  they  are  generally  organised  by  the  local 
Gardening  Society.  The  prizes  are  usually  three 
or  four  in  number  and  of  fixed  values.  For 
example,  the  first  may  be  15s.,  the  second  ids., 
the  third  7s.  6d.,  and  the  fourth  5s.,  a  total  of 
£1  17s.  6d.  These  competitions  undoubtedly  do 
good  and  might  well  be  extended,  but  they  are 
apt  to  lose  interest  with  the  eflSux  of  time. 
Experience  shows  that  John  Jones  is  invariably 
first — he  has  more  leisure,  a  more  amenable  soil, 
access  to  better  manure,  fewer  overhanging  trees 
and  other  favouring  points ;  Harry  Parsons  is 
always  second  for  similar  reasons  in  modified 
degree  ;  while  Arthur  Clarke  secures  a  lien  on 
third  position,  and  so  on.  The  unsuccessful  ones 
lose  heart  and  the  contest  drops  out  or  proceeds 
in  a  desultory,  uninteresting  fashion.  "  Poor 
sportsmanship,"  some  may  say,  but  it  is  human 
nature,  nevertheless.  The  man  who  tries  is 
deserving  of  admiration,  but  when  repeated  effort 
fails  he  cannot  be  blamed  for  ceasing  to  try.         |P> 

It  was  quickly  decided  that  this  would  not  do 
for  Colonel  Shuttleworth  and  Old  Warden.       The 


ONE    OF     THE    MANY    PLEASING    VIEWS    IN    THE    VILLAGE. 


scheme  on-,e  launched  must  be  so  simple  that  it 
would  attract  interest  and  so  equitable  that  the 
interest  engendered  would  be  maintained  for  ever 
and  a  day. 

Eventually  a  plan  was  chosen  which  necessitated 
judging  by  marks  or  points  for  each  crop  grown, 
and  the  scale  was  graduated  with  a  view  to  giving 
the  most  marks  to  the  most  useful  vegetables 
and  the  fewest  to  the  least  important  crops. 
As  instances,  Potatoes  are  the  most  important  of 
garden  food  crops,  and  they,  therefore,  head  the 
list;  Onions,  Peas,  Beans  ot  sorts,  Beetroots,  Carrots, 
Parsnips,  Vegetable  Marrows  and  so  on  follow  in 
gradually  falling  marks  until  Herbs  are  reached, 
of  which  there  must  be  four  kinds  in  good  condition 
to  earn  the  maximum  of  four  marks.  The  principle 
aimed  at  was  to  encourage  the  cultivation  of  the 
best  foods  for  the  family,  and  to  place  the  small 
garden,  as  far  as  possible,  on  an  equality  with 
the  large  one,  since  the  marks  were  to  be  given 
for  quality  strictly  and  not  for  bulk  simply. 
Further,  20  marks  were  allocated  for  orderly 
work,  system  in  cropping  and  cleanliness.  The 
highest  possible  score  was  170,  and  it  was  decided 
that  the  prizes  should  be  at  the  rate  of  id.  a  mark 
for  each  competitor  who  scored  70.  Thus  133 
marks  represented  lis.  id.  ;  129,  los.  gd.  ;  80, 
6s.  8d.  ;  70,  5S.  lod.,  the  last  being  the  lowest 
to  receive  a  reward.  This  was  proposed  as  direct 
encouragement  in  endeavour,  and  to  show  the 
precise  relative  merits  of  the  gardens,  which 
awards  of  fixed  values  can  never  do  when  a 
difference  in  excellence  of  one  or  two  marks  is 
expressed  in  a  difference  of  56.  in  the  two  awards. 
Colonel  Shuttleworth  approved  the  proposals 
and  undertook  to  provide  the  prizes. 

In  1903  the  competition  was  sent  forth  on  a 
career  which  has  been  an  unqualified  success. 
Simple  rules  were]  drafted,  a  table  naming  the 
vegetables  and  showing  the  maximum  marks  for 
each  was  compiled,  and  it  was  announced  that 
the  judging  would  be  done  in  July  ;  the  whole 
was  posted  on  the  village  notice  board.  (The 
exact  date  of  inspection  was  not  stated,  neither 
has  it  been  advertised  in  subsequent  years.) 
There  was  no  question  of  entries  or  entry  fees ; 
every  garden  in  the  village  was  to  be  inspected. 
With  some  slight  changes  in  crops  and  values  the 
rules  of  1903  have  been  maintained  without  a 
break,  except  during  the  war  years  ot  1915,  191& 
and  1917,  to  the  present  time,  in  the  earlier  years 
by  Colonel  Shuttleworth,  and  in  the  later  ones  by 
Mrs.  Campbell,  with  a  success  which  is  nothing 
short  of  remarkable,  as  the  figures  below  prove. 

Total 

Year.  Standard.  Marks.  Cash  Value. 

1903  . .     70  . .  T,o66  . .  4     8  10 

1904  ..      70  ..  1,216  ..  514 

1905  ..      70  ..  2,048  ..  8   10     8 

1906  .  .      So  . .  2,420  .  .  TO      I      8 

1907  ..      90  ..  2,785  ..  II    12      I 

1908  .  .      90  .  .  3,032  .  .  12   12     8 

1909  ..    100  ..  3,334  ■•  13   17  10 

1910  ..    100  ..  3,095  ..  12   17  II 

1911  ..    100  ..  3,406  ..  14     3   10 

1912  ..    no  ..  4,232  ..  17  12     8 

1913  ..    100  ..  3,258  ..  13   II     6 

1914  ..100  ..  3,475  ••  14     9     7 

1915  ..      80  ..  3,654  ..  15     4     6 

1919  ..      90      ..      3,473      ..      14     9     5 

1920  ..    100      ..      3,962      ..      16  10     2 

In  connection  with  this  tabulated  record  of  the 
competition  from  its  inception  onwards  to  the 
present  year  it  may  be  well  to  mention  that  there 
are  about  forty  cottage  gardens  to  be  visited. 
There  have  been,  of  course,  changes  of  tenants, 
and  occasionally,  before  the  war,  there  were 
empty  cottages,  but  for  all  practical  purposes  the 
gardens  which  were  judged  in  July  of  last  year 


April  23,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


203 


are  those  which  were  judged  in  the  corresponding 
month  of  1903.  It  may  be  well  to  note,  too, 
as  it  has  some  bearing  on  the  results,  that  it  is  a 
rule  of  the  Old  Warden  estate  that  the  garden 
of  a  cottage  which  is  "  in  hand  "  shall  not  be 
allowed  to  become  a  wilderness  of  weeds,  but 
shall  be  cultivated  by  the  head-gardener. 

.\llowing  for  the  lapse  of  three  years  during  the 
war  Old  Warden  has  had,  as  the  table  shows, 
fifteen  competitions  in  which  no  fewer  than 
44.456  marks  have  been  recorded  in  favour  of  the 
best  cultivators,  and  the  money  divided  among 
them  amounts  to  £185  4s.  8d. 

What  has  the  late  Colonel  Shuttleworth's 
encouragement  done  for  the  gardens  of  Old 
Warden  ?  Briefly,  it  has  improved  them  well  nigh 
out  of  recognition.  It  was  my  lot  to  assist  in  the 
organisation,  and  I  have  been  the  adjudicator 
throughout,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  when 
indisposition  served  me  a  shabby  trick.  My 
substitute  %vorked  on  the  established  basis,  so 
thecontinuity  of  the  competition  was  not  disturbed. 

If  we  were  to  compare  the  first  year,  1903,  with 
the  last,  1920,  we  should  say  that  the  productive- 
ness of  the  gardens  had  been  more  than  trebled, 
since  the  former  showed  a  record  of  1,066  marks 
and  the  latter  a  record  of  3,962  marks.  This, 
however,  would  not  be  fair.  At  the  outset  the 
gardens  were  not  cultivated  on  systematic  lines, 
and  the  men  were  not  accustomed  to  competitions  ; 
now  the  system  is  almost  perfection  and  the  men 
are  conversant  with  every  crucial  point.  Let  us, 
therefore,  divide  the  period  into  cycles  of  five 
years  and  we  shall  see  that  1903— 1907  gives  us 
9,535  marks;  1908-1912,  17,099  marks;  and 
1913,  1914,  191S-1920,  17,823  marks.  The 
gardens  have,  then,  nearly  doubled  in  value  of  food 
production.  Flowers  had  no  material  influence 
at  the  outset ;  they  had  no  influence  last  year, 
The  original  idea  was  to  develop  the  food  resources 
of  the  soil  and  the  maximum  for  all  flowers  in  any 
one  garden  was  fixed  at  10  marks  ;  this  has  never 
been  varied,  except  that  in  the  war  year  of  191 8 
no  recognition  was  given  to  flowers. 

With  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  came  an  insistent 
call  for  the  production  of  more  food  at  home — 
it  was  urged  that  the  cottage  gardens  and  allot- 
ments of  England  were  not  yielding  the  quantit)- 
of  food  that  they  would  yield  under  superior 
cultivation  and  management.  Colonel  Shuttle- 
worth  realised  this  in  1903  and  encouraged  his 
cottagers  to  prove  it,  which  they  have  done  by 
nearly  doubling  the  value  of  the  produce  of  their 
gardens  in  ten  years.  And  the  standard  has  been 
maintained  ever  since. 

Have  the  gardens  of  Old  Warden  reached  the 
limit  of  productiveness  ?  A  comparison  of  the 
figures  of  the  second  and  third  cycles  indicates 
finality.  The  difierence  between  the  first  and 
second  cycles  in  marks  is,  roundly,  8,000  ;  the 
ditference  between  the  second  and  third  cycles  is, 
roundly  again,  800.  It  may  be  argued,  therefore, 
that  there  is  no  room  for  further  improvement. 
Is  this  actually  the  case  ?  I,  personally,  do  not 
think  so.  The  winner  in  1903,  James  Wiltshire, 
is  the  winner  to-day,  but  his  margin  is  narrowing — 
he  has  led  by  as  many  as  thirty  marks,  and  as  few 
as  four  marks.  He  is  a  grand  old  gardener  who 
grows  everything  well,  but  his  garden  has  its 
limitations,  a  fact  which  he  fully  realises.  Other 
competitors  see  the  possibilities  of  their  gardens 
but  have  not  yet  reached  them.  They  are  creeping 
up,  and  the  near  future  will  see  a  new  champion 
who,  la  his  turn,  will  be  deposed — assuredly  he 
will  not  enjoy  as  long  a  reign  of  supremacy  as 
has  James  Wiltshire.  Mrs.  Campbell  intends  to 
maintain  the  competition,  and  I  venture  to 
predict  that  at  the  end  of  the  fourth  cycle  the  value 
of  the  produce  from  the  cottage  gardens  of  Old 
Warden  will  be  trebled,  at  least — a  rate  of  advance 


which  would  have  been  manifest  now  had  not  the 
war  intervened  to  hold  them  in  check. 

It  were  absurd  to  say  that  the  Old  Warden 
competition  brings  no  jealousy.  The  rivalry  is 
keen,  and  more  than  one  man  is  determined  to 
attain  to  the  premier  position.  As  I  write  I  can 
see  clearly  three  gardens  which  ought  to  achieve 
pre-eminence,J^and  their  owners  are  striving  for  it. 
The  difference  in  the  prize  may  be  is.  or  id.,  the 
difference  in  honour  is  immense. 


Net  your  Fruit  Trees  and 
Ensure  Crops 

There  is  one  thing  in  connection  with  the  pro- 
tection of  fruit  trees  that  deserves  a  little  more 
attention,  and  that  is  the  advisability  of  grouping 
the  different  fruits  together  as  much  as  possible. 
I  am  aware  that  this  in  small  gardens  is  sometimes 


OLD     WARDEN  :       A     HOME     IN     CHARMING     SURROUNDINGS. 


And  running  through  it  all  is  pride  of  their 
village.  There  are  many  villages  in  England  which 
rival,  and  some,  perhaps,  which  excel  Old  Warden 
in  beauty,  but  the  cottagers  know  of  none,  any 
more  than  I  do,  where  the  gardens  are  so  profitably 
productive  or  where  the  cultivators  are  encouraged 
to  produce  more,  and  still  more,  as  is  done  by  Mrs. 
Campbell  at  Old  Warden.  Each  has  his  reward 
in  more  and  better  crops,  plus  a  prize  ;  all  are 
imbued  with  the  spirit  that  Old  Warden  is  fiist 
and  that  it  shall  remain  first. 

Why  should  not  the  example  of  Old  Warden 
be  followed  ?  The  benefits  which  accrue  are  to 
the  nation,  not  to  the  village  alone.  S> 

At  the  moment,  Old  Warden  can  challenge  any 
English  village  (this  is  equivalent,  of  course,  to 
any  village  in  the  world)  provided  that  every  garden 
is  judged  and  that  the  same  basis  of  judging  is 
accepted.  I  know  villages  where  individual 
gardens  are  superior  to  the  best  at  Old  Warden, 
but  I  do  not  know  one  where  the  average  of 
excellence  is  nearly  as  high. 

I  claim  supremacy  for  Old  Warden,  .rtre  there 
viUage  owners  to  contest  the  claim  ?  If  so,  there 
is  plenty  of  time  to  make  preparations  and  go 
ahead  next  year.  Since  one  year  could  not  be 
accepted  fairly  on  either  side  I  should  suggest  that 
the  competition  should  extend  over  not  fewer  than 
five  seasons.  Horace  J.  Wright. 


Tritonias  as  Pot  Plants. — These  are  excellent 
subjects  for  pots  for  conservatory  or  house 
decoration,  the  flowers  lasting  in  good  condition 
for  many  weeks  when  lightly  shaded  from 
hot  sunshine.  The  plants  should  at  aU  times  be 
grown  as  cool  as  possible  and  have  plenty  of  air. 
The  pots  are  now  filled  with  roots  and  the  flower- 
spikes  developing,  so  some  assistance  should  be 
given  about  twice  weekly. 


a  difficult  matter,  but  stDl  if  it  could  possible  be 
managed,  the  few  Peaches,  Apricots,  Plums  and 
dessert  Cherries  might  respectively  be  grouped 
together  on  the  different  walls,  so  that  it  would  be 
a  question  of  covering  the  one  family  instead  of 
running  about  from  tree  to  tree.  Whatever  may 
be  the  material  used,  a  considerable  stretch  of 
wall  can  be  covered  more  quickly,  and  certainly 
more  effectually,  than  a  few  yards  ;  that  is.  of 
course,  if  the  arrangements  are  of  a  homely  nature. 
Special  copings  with  tiffany  blinds  of  a  certain 
length,  cords,  pulleys  and  other  elaborate  acces- 
sories are  only  to  be  had  in  a  very  few  places.  So 
far,  however,  as  the  south  of  England  is  concerned, 
tiffany  is  neither  necessary  nor  advisable,  espe- 
cially if  labour  is  scarce.  Netting  answers  the 
purpose  equally  well  and  no  rolling  up  and  down 
is  required ;  it  is  put  on  at  the  expansion  of 
bloom  and  remams  until  the  fruit  is  set  and  \\  .;11 
on  the  move.  The  fact,  however,  that  to  be 
absolutely  safe  such  a  covering  ought  to  be  a 
double  thickness  of  stout  half-inch  mesh  netting 
renders  the  covering  of  long  stretches  of  wall 
lather  an  expensive  business.  It  must,  however, 
be  remembered  that  this  netting  answers  several 
purposes,  zuid  it  is  in  the  open  from  the  middle 
of  March  until  October  is  fairly  advanced.its  last 
work  being  to  protect  Pears,  late  Plums,  Morello 
Cherries  and  late  Currants  from  small  and  large 
birds. 

It  cannot  be  too  strongly  enforced  that 
without  spring  protection  a  gardener  cannot 
guarantee  a  supply  of  fruit.  With  it,  on  the  other 
hand,  partial  failures  are  rare  and  total  failure 
almost  unknown.  I  said  above  that  the  netting 
would  be  in  use  from  March  until  October,  but  the 
service  would  be  still  further  prolonged  in  gardens 
where  bullfinches  are  troublesome ;  portions  of 
the  netting  have  to  be  placed  along  the  Plum  walls 
to  keep  the  buds  intact.  B.  K. 


204 

GARDENING    OF    THE 
WEEK 


FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Lawns. — Where  any  seeding  down  is  contem- 
plated, the  worli  must  be  done  at  once,  taking  care 
to  get  the  surface  of  the  ground  well  prepared  before 
sowing,  and  always  remember  it  is  better  to  sow 
too  thickly  than  otherwise.  Nearly  all  leading 
seedsmen  supply  suitable  mixtures  if  particulars 
■of  soil  are  sent  them.  Mowing  is  already 
demanding  much  time  and  labour  owing  to 
the  mild  conditions  experienced,  and  here  at 
Albury  at  the  end  of  March  we  were  using  the 
scythe  where  seed  was  sown  the  last  few  days  of 
September. 

Polyanthus  require  a  long  season  of  growth, 
and  seed  should  be  sown  now,  in  boxes  of  light 
rich  soil  in  unheated  frames.  Cover  from  light 
and  sun  until  germination,  which  is  generally 
■slow,  has  taken  place  ;  in  fact,  partial  shade  is 
"beneticial  during  early  growth  also. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Runner  Beans. — ^The  first  picking  of  this 
valuable  vegetable  may  be  considerably  hastened 
hy  making  the  first  sowing  under  glass,  and 
planting  out  when  all  danger  of  serious  frost  has 
gone.  Where  space  is  limited,  sowing  must  be 
made  in  boxes,  but  better  results  are  obtained  by 
sowing  the  seeds  singly  in  4ins.  pots,  and  growing 
them  on  until  it  is  safe  to  transfer  them  to  their 
fruiting  quarters.  Some  growers  advocate  trenches 
and  probably  heavier  yields  are  obtained  from 
plants  thus  grown,  but  good  returns  may  also  be 
iiad  from  plants  grown  on  the  level,  providing 
the  ground  has  received  liberal  treatment.  A 
foot  apart  should  be  the  minimum  distance  allowed 
Avhen  planting. 

Parsley  when  grown  as  an  edging  often  adds 
greatly  to  the  appearance  of  a  well  kept  pathway, 
and  it  is  a  method  of  culture  to  be  recommended 
as  it  is  very  easy  to  gather.  A  good  sowing  should 
l)e  made  now  to  yield  pickings  for  late  summer  and 
autumn. 

Salads. — Sowings  of  Mustard  and  Cress  and 
Radishes  may  be  made  as  required.  The  supplies 
•of  Lettuce  will  now  be  better  from  early  frame 
plants,  and  of  course,  in  many  places,  tlie  much 
valued  salading  will  be  greatly  strengthened 
by  early  Cucumbers  and  Tomatoes. 
**  Hoeing  should  be  constantly  practised  among 
«uch  growing  crops  as  Cabbage,  Peas  and  Beans,  to 
■check  the  possibility  of  weeds  and  to  keep  the  soil 
round  the  plants  uniformly  moist. 

French  Beans.< — Where  a  sowing  has  not  yet 
been  made  a  start  should  be  made  at  once  on  a 
"warm  border.  At  the  same  time  some  seed  should 
be  sown  in  boxes,  in  a  cool  house,  to  transplant  when 
sufficiently  advanced. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

™' Primulas. — This  valuable  race  of  winter  and 
spring  flowering  plants  require  no  "  puffing,"  a 
better  and  more  practical  testimony  to  their  value 
is  obtained  by  visiting  a  few  of  the  Royal  Horti- 
■cultural  Society's  meetings,  when  some  of  our 
leading  firms  are  exhibiting  them.  The  season  has 
now  arrived  when  next  winter's  display  must  be 
arranged  for.  The  seed  sowing  time'  may  be 
•spread  over  the  next  three  months,  according  to 
when  the  plants  are  required  to  flower.  Two  or 
three  sowings  should  be  made,  and  an  uninterrupted 
display  of  bloom  may  then  be  safely  relied  upon  for 
several  months.  The  seed  should  be  sown  in  well 
drained  pots  or  pans  of  light  soil,  and  germination 
should  take  place  in  cool  quarters,  taking  care  to 
•cover  with  glass  and  shade  until  seedlings  are  up. 
In  the  early  stages  of  growth,  a  frame  just  slightly 
heated  and  where  the  plants  may  rest  on  a  cool 
ash  base,  is  suitable,  shading  from  strong  sunshine 
Avith  tiffany  or  some  similar  material.  Of  great 
beauty  are  the  sinensis  and  stellata  sections  and 
■worthy  of  note  is  the  malacoides  group  and 
kewensis,  both  very  sweetly  scented.  individual 
taste  and  the  requirements  of  the  place  must  govern 
•selection  of  varieties. 

Fruits  Under  Glass. 

Melons  in  Frames. — Good  results  can  be 
obtained  during  the  summer  months  from  frame 
■culture.  If  heated  so  much  the  better,  of  course, 
but  it  is  not  essential.    A  good  bed  of  strawy  manure 


THE     GARDEN. 


and  leaves  will  give  the  plants  a  start,  and  the 
soil,  nearly  all  loam,  should  be  placed  in  a  mound 
on  the  material  to  get  well  warmed  before  putting 
out  the  plants.  Two  may  be  grown  in  each  4ft. 
division,  thus  getting  from  four  to  six  good  fruits 
from  each  light.  Make  the  utmost  use  of  sun  heat 
by  closing  the  frames  early,  spraying  the  plants 
lightly  at  the  time,  and  always  cover  well  up  in  the 
evenings  until  cold  nights  are  safely  behind  us. 
For  frame  culture,  varieties  of  proved  hardy  con- 
stitution should  be  selected,  such  as  Hero  of 
Lockinge.  H.  Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albury  Park  Gardens,   Guildford. 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Peas. — -Plants  that  have  been  raised  in  pots 
or  boxes  with  a  view  to  planting  out  should  be 
sufficiently  hardened  off  to  allow  of  this  being 
done.  Handle  carefully,  making  sure  the  roots 
suffer  as  little  damage  as  possible.  Stake  with 
short  Spruce  twigs  immediately  the  work  is 
finished,  as  this  not  only  gives  them  a  start,  but 
acts  as  a  shelter  as  well.  Further  fortnightly 
sowings  should  also  be  made  in  the  open. 

Tomatoes.' — -Pot  up  later  batches  and  keep 
growing  steadily  and  sturdily,  avoiding  excessive 
heat.  Early  lots  in  flower  should  be  kept  well 
ventilated  during  fine  weather,  as  a  buoyant 
atmosphere  tends  to  keep  the  plants  clear  of 
disease,  while  the  flower  trusses  set  more  freely. 

Maincrop  Carrots.— Advantage  of  fine  weathe"" 
may  be  taken  now  to  get  the  maincrop  sown^ 
We  favour  the  intermediate  sorts  and  find  Sutton's 
Scarlet  and  James  Scarlet  Intermediate  two  of 
the  best.  Among  the  long-rooted  sorts  Red 
Surrey  is  excellent  for  general  cropping.  Sow  in 
drills,  about  i4ins.  apart,  on  ground  that  has  been 
deeply  and  finely  worked. 

Turnips.— Further  sowings  of  Milan  varieties 
may  now  be  made  without  much  fear  of  injury 
by  frost.  Sow  in  shallow  drills  isins.  apart,  but 
do  not  sow  in  quantity,  as  the  Early  Milan  type 
is  best  used  when  young ;  therefore  arrange  for 
successional  cropping. 

Onions. — Boxes  of  these  which  were  raised 
in  heat  will  now  be  hardening  off  in  frames  in 
preparation  for  planting  out  at  the  end  of  the 
month.  We  find  that  if  weather  conditions' are 
at  all  suitable  this  is  the  best  period  for  trans- 
planting, as  it  is  scarcely  likely  that  we  shall  get 
weather  so  severe  after  this  date  that  injury  may 
be  done  to  the  plants.  Presuming  that  the  ground 
has  already  been  deeply  dug  and  properly  manured, 
the  surface  should  be  lightly  forked  over,  giving 
a  good  surface  dressing  of  wood- ashes  and  soot 
After  a  day  or  two  it  may  be  raked  finely  and 
then  marked  off  in  rows  ijins.  apart.  If  it  is 
desired  to  have  extra  large  sized  bulbs  allow 
from  lOins.  to  I2ins.  between  the  plants  in  the 
rows,  although  for  good  ordinary  bulbs  I  think 
Sins,  quite  enough.  When  lifting  from  the  boxes 
retain  as  much  soil  on  the  roots  as  possible,  being 
also  careful  not  to  plant  too  deeply. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Vines. — -In  early  houses  thinning  of  the  berries 
will  occupy  some  time  now,  and  the  work  should 
be  pushed  forward  as  speedily  as  possible,  as 
vigour  is  wasted  in  allowing  unnecessary  berries 
to  swell  before  thinning.  It  is  essential  to  know 
the  varieties,  and  the  size  the  berries  are  likely 
to  swell  to,  as  this  greatly  assists  the  thinner  in 
determining  what  to  leave  and  what  to  take 
away,  the  final  aim  being  that  when  the  berries 
are  swollen  to  their  full  size  the  bunch  should 
just  be  firm  enough  to  hold  itself  in  shape  without 
being  overcrowded.  After  thinning  is  completed, 
the  border  should  receive  a  good  watering,  with 
the  addition  of  some  suitable  stimulant. 

Violas.— Transfer  these  to  their  flo-wering 
quarters  without  delay.  They  will  be  found  to 
flower  profusely  in  most  garden  soils  w'hich  have 
been  generously  worked,  but  they  do  not  like  hot 
calcareous  soils,  being  partial  to  a  cool  root. run. 

Transplanting  Sweet  Peas. — Sweet  Peas  raised 
in  boxes  should  now  be  carefully  removed  to  the 
ground  prepared  for  them  some  time  ago.  Plant 
thinly  and  allow  for  the  development  of  the  plants. 
Stake  with  small  Spruce  twigs,  and  so  assist  them 
in  starting  growth  again.  Dust  with  soot  on 
either  side  of  the  lines  to  ward  off  slugs. 
James  McGran 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodliam,   Kilnuirnock. 


[April  23,  1921. 

EDITOR'S    TABLE 


A    BEAUTIFUL    HYBRID    CRAB. 

Pyrus  purpurea. — Mr.  R.  C.  Notcutt  sends 
sprays  of  this  lovely  Pyrus  with  the  following 
note  :  "I  send  you  a  few  sprays  of  Pyrus  Malus 
floribunda  purpurea."  [Rehder  has  published 
the  name  recently  as  Pyrus  purpurea —Ed.] 
"  To  my  mind  it  is  the  best  of  the  family.  As 
you  see,  it  is  a  striking  colour  and  has  beautiful 
dark  foliage  through  the  summer,  while  the  tree 
has  a  compact,  upright  growth,  not  drooping 
like  the  ordinary  P.  floribunda.  It  makes  an 
excellent  specimen  for  a  lawn  or  similar  position." 

This  hybrid  Crab  is  of  Continental  origin,  being 
disseminated  by  M.  Barbier  of  Orleans.  The  first 
trees  received  at  Kew  were  purchased  in  1911. 
The  parents  are  Pyrus  floribunda  atrosanguinea,  a 
Japanese  Crab,  and  P.Niedzwetzkyana,  the  Russian 
Crab,  but  whether  of  chance  or  artificial  reproduc- 
tion, we  have  seen  no  record.     In  habit  the  tree  is 


RED     LIKE     WINE. 
(Pyrus  purpurea^ 

intermediate  between  the  two  parents,  being  more 
upright  in  growth  than  P.  floribunda  but  graceful 
in  outline  compared  with  the  stiff-branched 
Russian  Crab.  The  vinous  red  colouring  which 
permeates  the  branches,  leaves,  flowers  and  fruits 
of  the  last  named  is  also  a  characteristic  of  the 
hybrid.  The  colour  of  the  flowers,  borne  freely 
during  April,  is  rich  rosy  red  with  ju;t  a  suspicion 
of  purple,  but  it  is  a  warm,  glowing  purple  compared 
with  the  striking  purple  blossoms  of  P.  Niedz- 
wetzkyana.  The  fruits  again  are  intermediate, 
having  the  long  stalks  of  P.  floribunda,  but  they 
are  the  size  of  large  Cherries  and  vinous  red  in 
colour.  As  a  specimen  tree  of  moderate  size  for 
our  pleasure  grounds  Pyrus  purpurea  is  a  distinct 
and  valuable  addition. 


April  23,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


THE     HARDINESS     OF     HABRANTHUS 
PRATENSIS. 

ANENT  the  remarks  of  two  or  three  writers 
in  your  columns  upon  this  gorgeous  flower 
I  well  remember  some  years  ago  going  to  Westwick 
in  Daffodil  time  and  George  Davison  pointing 
out  to  me  about  a  40-rod  patch  of  it  just  coming  on. 
I  remember  also  later  they  were  simply  a  blaze 
of  colour.  In  the  year  1912  at  the  International 
Show  the  date  just  coincided  with  the  flowering 
of  them.  George  Davison,  with  his  cuteness,  sent 
huge  bunches  of  the  flowers  to  Wallace's,  and,  I 
think,  other  stands.  It  proved  a  fine  stroke  of 
business  for  him  with  the  bushels  of  bulbs  of  it 
he  had  for  disposal. — H.  Perry. 

THE    VOICE    OF    THE    CUCKOO. 

When  Spring  begins  to  charm  the  earth  and  air 
With  songs  of  birds  amid  the  brightening  trees, 

A  clarion  sound  is  heard,  whose  accents  bear 
A  new-found  freshness  to  the  vernal  breeze. 

It  dawns  upon  us  with  a  glad  surprise. 

That  we  have  known  in  years  long  passed  away  ; 

It  seems  to  bring  the  tears  to  April's  eyes, 
.\nd  deepens  all  the  tender  moods  of  May. 


were  worthy  of  note,  and  1  pass  them  on  in  the 
hope  that  they  will  be  Interesting  to  your  readers. 
In  January  two  saucers  were  partly  filled  with 
water  and  mound-shaped  cushions  of  freshly 
picked  feathery  green  moss  arranged  therein, 
into  the  moss  were  inserted  tiny  sprays  of  the 
yellow  winter  Jessamine  with  a  groundwork  of 
bright-coloured  border  Primroses  peeping  up 
among  the  fluffy  moss.  In  February  the  same 
saucers  and  moss  arrangement  were  studded  over 
with  Sno%vdrops  and  purple  and  golden  yellow 
Crocuses,  all  standing  well  clear  of  the  moss.  A 
wide-mouthed  green  glass  vase  looked  exceedingly 
well  filled  with  golden  yellow  Crocuses.  Two  pure 
white  china  vases  with  a  deep  rim  of  wickerwork 
pattern  loosely  filled  with  Snowdrops  looked 
\ery  dainty,  and  a  trumpet-shaped  silver  vase 
tastefully  arranged  with  Snowdrops  and  pale 
purple  and  white  Crocuses  was  none  the  less  so. — 
Caledonia. 

THE    SIZE    OF    YEW    TREES. 

TZ'INDLY  allow  me  to  correct  the  measurement 

that    I    gave    of    the    ancient    Yew    tree    at 

Hambledon,    near    Godalming,    in    your    issue    of 

March   26.     Although    the   girth   of   the   trunk   is 


205 

the  church,  and  this  appears  to  be  quite  possible. 
It  is  difficult  to  get  an  exact  measurement  of  the 
trunk,  as  the  old  tree  is  busy  thickening  the  main 
support  of  the  great  branches  by  throwing  out 
copious  "  spray."  I  make  the  girth  about  24ft. 
6ins.  If  vre  take  the  diameter  to  be  8ft.  {about 
3ft.  from  the  ground)  and  estimate  the  growth 
to  be  a  foot  every  seventy-five  years  we  get  the 
age  of  600  years  ;  but  the  old  fellow  has  had  to 
repair  the  loss  of  a  large  limb,  fill  up  hollows  in 
the  interior  of  the  trunk,  so  that  his  energies 
have  not  all  gone  to  increase  his  girth.  It  is 
almost  certain,  I  think,  that  this  grand  old  tree 
is  more  ancient  than  the  mere  measurement  might 
lead  one  to  suppose,  and  it  seems  likely  that  the 
warlike  and  methodical  Normans  would  place 
it  in  the  churchyard  to  provide  bows.  The 
accompanying  illustration  clearly  shows  what 
a  fine  healthy  condition  the  tree  is  in  ;  a  worthy 
memorial  indeed  of  William  the  Conqueror.  In 
the  meadows  near  the  church  the  Snake's-head 
FritiUary  grows  abundantly  and  at  the  time  of 
writing  (April  5)  is  just  coming  into  flower. — H.  H. 
Warner. 

TN  your  issue  of  .\pril  2  (page  159)  "  R.  G." 
asks  for  information  regarding  the  "^'ew  at 
Loudoun  Castle.  .\jTshire.  He  may,  therefore, 
be  interested  to  know  that  in  an  article  by  John 
Renwick,  entitled  "  Yew  Trees  in  the  Clyde  Area." 


A  transient  voice,  from  lands  where  Beauty  dwells. 

With  Proserpina,  by  the  Southern  Sea ; 
Like  the  fair  Goddess,  love-restored,  it  tells 

That  flowers  and  fragrance  have  come  back   to 
me  !  David  R.  Williamson. 

COMB.\TING     THE     RHODODENDRON 

FLY. 

T  .NOTICE  in  your  ".Answers  to  Correspondents  " 
(March  26,  page  viii)  that  you  refer  to  the  use 
of  nicotine  wash  on  Rhododendrons  in  order  to 
combat  the  Rhododendron  fly.  Unfortunately, 
this  fly  seems  to  be  spreading,  and  I  have  received 
plants  from  several  nursery  gardens  which  were 
badly  attacked  by  it.  .Although  the  fly  does  not 
seem  to  hurt  the  plant  very  much,  it  certainly 
disfigures  it  badly,  making  the  leaves  look  rusty 
and  unhealthy.  In  my  own  garden,  however,  1 
have  fortunately  been  able  to  get  rid  of  the  Rhodo- 
dendron fly  without  too  much  trouble,  and  it  may 
interest  your  readers  to  know  the  method  em- 
ployed. .\  solution  was  made  of  4lb.  of  whale  oil 
soap,  iqt.of  Bentley's  Orchard  Spray  and  30  gallons 
of  soft  water,  and  the  Rhododendrons  were  sprayed 
■with  this  early  in  May,  just  when  the  fly  was 
beginning  to  hatch.  A  few  weeks  later  the  plants 
were  sprayed  again.  The  plants  were  then  care- 
fully watched,  and  if  there  was  again  any  sign  of 
fly  another  spray  was  given ;  but  generally  the 
two  sprays  are  found  sufficient  to  entirely  free 
the  plant,  and  I  could  not  find  a  fly  last  year  in 
my  garden.  Great  care  must  be  taken  to  wet 
every  leaf  thoroughly  underneath,  as  it  is  most 
important  to  destroy  ever\-  fly  and  prevent  them 
breeding  again. — L.  R. 

A    COTTAGER'S    FLORAL 

DECORATIONS. 

T^HE  floral  decorations  in  the  cottager's  sitting- 
room  are  not  expected  to  be  on  the  same  plane 
as  those  in  the  drawing-room  of  the  lord  of  the 
manor,  yet  in  a  cottage  which  I  visit  from  time  to 
time  I  have"  seen  some  striking  effects  produced 
out  of  a  few  homely  flowers  through  the  ingenuity 
and  good  taste  of  the  young  lady  of  the  home. 
During  recent  weeks,  when  outdoor  flowers  were 
at  their  lowest  ebb,  this  young  lady's  arrangements 


THE    ANCIENT    YEW    IN     IFFLEY    CHURCHYARD,    OXFORD. 


recorded  as  measuring  39ft., 'I  had^the  opportunity 
of  measuring  it  myself  a  few  days  ago  ;  and  the 
Rev.  E.  J.  Seymour,  Rector  of  Hambledon,  also 
kindly  measured  it,  and  w-e  made  it  30ft.  9ins. 
if  the  irregularities  of  the  growth  are  followed. 
This  is  a  disappointing  difference,  but  my  dis- 
appointment was  atoned  for  by  finding  that 
tlie  Mistletoe  is  still  to  be  found  growing  on  the 
Oaks  in  this  district.  A  few  years  ago  it  was 
plentiful,  but,  as  anyone  appeared  to  be  at  liberty 
to  cut  it  and  carry  it  off,  it  has  all  but  disappeared, 
and  in  order  to  prevent  its  extinction  I  would 
suggest  the  seeds  being  sown  in  slits  cut  in  the 
young  branches  of  other  Oak  trees  near.  Many 
readers  of  The  Garden  will  know  the  famous 
Norman  church  at  Iffley.  near  Oxford,  which 
was  built  in  1175.  The  Yew  in  the  churchyard 
is   locally   credited   with   being   the   same   age   as 


published  in  tlie  Glasgow  Naturalist,  Vol.  V.,  No.  i, 
an  account  is  given  of  this  tree.  In  191  r  it  was 
measured  by  Mr.  Renw-ick,  who  states  that  it 
girthed  13ft.  9Sins.  at  the  narrowest  part  of  the 
trunk  2ft.  up  and  had  a  spread  of  Sift.  The  first 
large  branch  goes  off  at  6ft.,  but  the  trunk  may  be 
said  to  be  20ft.  high.  The  average  annual  increase 
for  twenty-two  years  (1890-1911)  was  .36in.  Dr. 
D.  Christison  in  the  "  Transactions  of  the  Botanical 
Society  of  Edinburgh."  March,  1895  (Sess.  LIX.. 
page  389).  remarks  that  "  four  centuries  may  be 
assumed  as  a  very  probable  age  for  the  Loudoun 
Castle  Yew."  It  is  said  that  under  its  branches 
the  .\rticles  of  Union  between  Scotland  and 
England  were  signed.  Mr.  Renwick  gives  interest- 
ing particulars  of  many  Yews  in  the  Clyde  area, 
and  states  that  the  largest  is  one  which  he  measured 
in  October,    1912,   at  Craigends.   Renfrewshire,   on 


206 


THE    GARDEN. 


[April  23,  1921. 


the  side  of  the  River  Gryfe.  The  trunk  is  very 
short.  It  begins  to  divide  at  about  3ft.  up  into 
thirteen  or  fourteen  great  limbs,  one  of  the  largest 
of  which  is  8ft.  4ins.  in  girth  at  the  base.  At 
loft.  from  the  ground  there  are  about  thirty  stems. 
It  is  not  possible  to  take  the  tape  straight  round 
the  trunk,  but  at  the  narrowest  part  the  girth  is 
22ft.  Sins,  on  an  uregular  line  at  an  average  of 
2ft.  up.  The  diameter  of  the  brarches  is  91ft. 
on  a  line  parallel  to  the  river,  and  82ft.  at  right- 
angles  thereto.  The  foliage  thus  extends  in  nearly 
a  circle  and  covers  an  area  of  7,400  square  feet, 
or  over  an  eighth  of  an  acre.  The  height  of  the 
tree  is  44ft.  It  is  a  male  and  is  very  healthy  and 
vigorous.  Mr.  Renwick  makes  reference  to  the 
Island  of  Inch  Lonaig,  in  Loch  Lomond,  where 
Yews  give  a  special  tone  to  the  scenery.  In  few 
places  outside  the  chalk  downs  do  Yews  form  such 
a  distinctive  feature  of  the  country  as  on  Incli 
Lonaig.  Reminiscent  of  the  bow  and  arrow  period, 
Joseph  Irving,  in  "  The  Book  of  Dumbartonshire," 
1879,  states:  "Inch  Lonaig  is  thought  to  be 
identical  with  the  island  granted  about  1225, 
by    Maldowen,     Earl    of    Lennox,    to 

Gilmychel  of  Bandry.     To  furnish  the      ■  , 

Lennox    men    with    trusty  bows,   the 

island  was  planted  with  Yew  trees  on 

the   advice  of    King    Robert  Bruce."  ; 

Sir  Thomas  Dick  Lauder,  in  his  edition 

of  Gilpin's  "  Forest  Scenery"  (1834), 

writes  :      "  The    Yew  Tree   Island    in 

Loch  Lomond,  furnished  300  Yews  for 

the  axe  at  one  cutting  some  fifteen  or 

twenty  years   ago,    and  there  are  still 

a  number  of  fine  specimens  of  this  tree 

on  it."     Mr.  Renwick  states  that  when 

he  visited   Inch   Lonaig   in   1909   the 

best  Yews   which  he    saw    measured 

12ft.  3ins.,  lift.  2Mns.,  and  loft.  lin. 

in  girth. — J.  C,  Glasgow. 

THE    ROSEBUD    CHERRY    OF 

JAPAN   (PRUNUS    PENDULAl. 

AT  the  recent  meeting  at  Vincent 
Square  this  very  handsome  little 
tree  was  quite  one  of  the  best 
items  among  the  hardy  shrubs, 
and  although  quite  an  old  intro- 
duction to  English  gardens,  it  is 
still  comparatively  rare.  This  may 
be  due  to  the  fact  that  it  is  only 
on  very  rare  occasions  that  it  is  to 
be  seen  at  an  exhibition,  but  the 
fact  remains  that  it  is  still  one  of 
the  finest  of  our  early  flowering 
trees.  In  habit  of  growth  it  is  not 
unlike  P.  Mahaleb  pendula,  but  it  is 
neither  so  dense  nor  so  vigorous  as 
that  tree.  It  is  occasionally  to 
be  found  of  quite  tree-like  dimen- 
sions, but  it  very  much  more  often  forms  a 
sturdy,  bushy  little  tree  of  8ft.  or  loft.  in  height. 
In  flower  it  is  always  an  object  of  great 
beauty,  for  the  blooms  are  produced  with  such 
freedom  as  to  completely  cover  the  branches. 
The  blossoms  are  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch 
across  and  are  usually  grouped  in  small  clusters 
of  three  to  five.  The  buds  are  of  a  very  pleasing 
shade  of  carmine  pink,  and  when  fully  expanded 
are  of  a  very  delicate  shade  of  shell  pink  ;  this 
in  tiurn  changes  to  blush  before  falling.  To  those 
who  are  familiar  with  Prunus  subhirtella,  the 
subject  of  this  short  note  may  be  best  described 
as  a  dwarf  and  pendulous  form  of  that  species, 
for  although  P.  pendula  was  known  long  before 
the  distribution  of  P.  subhirtella,  yet  there  is 
small  doubt  of  the  affinity  of  these  two  handsome 
flowering  trees.  Like  all  early  flowering  Prunus, 
it  is  usually  best  to  plant  this  little  tree  where 


it  is  protected  from  cold  north  or  east  winds, 
which  so  often  prevail  at  this  early  season  of  the 
year.  Grown  on  a  short  stem,  it  is  also  a  charming 
subject  for  rockwork  where  space  permits. — 
E.  W.  S. 


The  foliage  is  also  attractive,  the  leaves  having 
deep-toothed  margins.  S.  reniformis  is  of  easy 
culture  and  should  be  grown  in  cool,  loamy- 
soil  where  it  receives  the  full  rays  of  the  sun  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  day.  Propagation  is 
effected  by  division  of  the  plant  after  flowering, 
seeds  being  rarely  produced.  It  is  quite  hardy, 
and  would  also  be  useful  for  the  alpine-house, 
T  CAN  endorse  all  that  is  said  (page  169)  with  where  it  would  show  off  to  advantage. — B. 
reference  to  the  beauty  of  the  Japanese  Cherry, 


PRUNUS    SUBHIRTELLA. 


Prunus  subhirtella,  which,  according  to  Nicholson, 
is  synonymous  with  P.  pendula  and  was  introduced 
so  long  ago  as  186S,  but  does  not  appear  to  be 
widely  grown.  But  another  Japanese  Cherry, 
P.  Miqueliana  (Miquel's),  introduced  twenty  years 
later,  I  think,  although  very  similar  in  character 
to  P.  subhirtella,  is  perhaps  even  more  beautiful, 
and  the  great  length  of  time  in  which  this  variety 
remains  in  bloom  adds  greatly  to  its  value.  Two 
trees  about  loft.  in  height  in  my  garden  com- 
menced to  flower  in  the  first  week  in  February  and 
up  to  the  first  week  in  April  were  objects  of  great 
beauty.     Last    year    there   was    a    second    period 


PRUNUS    PENDULA    MAKES    A    GRACEFUL    LITTLE   \VEEPING 
TREE. 


of  flowering  in  the  early  autumn.  P.  Miqueliana 
is  a  variety  apparently  not  sufficiently  known. — 
Charles  E.  Shea,  Foots  Cray,  Kent. 

AN    EARLY   FLOWERING    PLANT    FOR 

THE   ROCK   GARDEN. 

^F  the  species  of  Synthyris  in  cultivation 
S.  reniformis  is  the  best,  and  on  account 
of  its  early  flowering  qualities  it  is  very  acceptable 
for  the  rock  garden.  It  is  a  native  of  North-west 
America,  usually  found  growing  in  moist  places 
and  near  streams,  and  although  it  was  introduced 
about  1885,  it  is  rarely  seen  in  gardens  to-day. 
This  is  to  be  regretted,  for  it  is  a  desirable  plant ; 
the  first  flowers  open  about  the  end  of  January 
and  remain  in  full  beauty  for  several  weeks.  The 
blooms  are  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length, 
pale  violet   in  colour  and  produced  in  profusion. 


MAGNOLIAS  AT  FRAMINGHAM  MANOR 

TT   was   recently    my   good     fortime     to     spend 
a  few    hours    in    the    charming    gardens    of 
J.      H.      Christie,      Esq.,      Framingham     Manor, 
Norfolk.       The  weather  was  glorious,  with  bright 
sunshine.      These    gardens    are     noted     for     the 
great    variety     of     rare     and    choice     flowering 
trees    and   shrubs.     I    had    heard    much    of    the 
glories  of  the  Magnolias  which  grow  there ;  hence  1 
made  an  effort  to  avail  myself  of  a  special  invita- 
tion   to  see    them    this  year  when   at  their  best. 
Right    glad    I    was    that     I    had    such   a    floral 
treat.        Many      of     the     trees     of      the     large 
flowering    kinds      are .    i8ft.     or     so 
in  height  and   with    a   spread,  reach- 
ing to   the   ground,  of    equal   dimen- 
sions,  and  they    were    covered    with 
hundreds   of   blooms.     Of  the  largest 
trees  the   varieties    are  rustica   flora 
rubra,    Lennei,    Kobus   and    Soulang- 
eana.     There  are  also  groups  of   the 
charming  stellata  variety  backed  up 
by   Cedars  and  Yews,   which  seemed 
to  add  intensity    to    the   purity    and 
star-like  form  of   this    variety ;     and 
I  could  not  help  noticing  especially  a 
fine    plant     of     the    white     variety, 
conspicua,    adjacent    to    the    stellata 
group.       I   have   not   heard   of   any- 
where  else   in   the   Eastern  Counties 
where  such  a  comprehensive  collection 
is   to   be   seen,   or   where   this  family 
of  exquisite  flowering  trees  seem  to  do 
so  well.     One  feels  they  could  write 
much  more  of  other  things  seen,  but 
I  want  this  note    to    be    devoted    to 
Magnolias. — H.   Perry. 

THE     SHAMROCK     PEA. 

T  WAS  pleased  to  see  attention 
drawn  to  this  charming  plant 
(Parochetus  communis),  issue  of 
.•\pril  9,  page  171.  So  far  I  have 
failed  to  get  it  established  on  the 
rock  garden,  although  when  pricked 
out  in  a  cold  frame  it  was  a  decided 
success.  The  lights  were  removed 
throughout  the  spring  and  summer 
months,  and  the  roots  well  supplied 
with  water.  The  Clover-like  leaves 
rise  about  3Lns.  above  the  ground, 
and  the  Gentian  blue.  Pea-like  flowers  are  pro- 
duced in  quantity  throughout  the  summer  and 
autumn  months.  If  a  suitable  damp,  sheltered 
position  can  be  found  it  should  certainly  be  planted, 
and  when  it  becomes  established  it  is  free  growing 
and  will  soon  cover  a  large  area.  It  is  readily 
increased  from  seeds,  and  for  some  years  I  managed 
to  keep  up  a  supply  of  plants  by  this  means,  but 
unfortunately  during  the  war  the  species  was  lost. 
Seed  may  be  sown  directly  it  is  ripe,  and  the 
young  plants  should  be  grown  cool  at  all  times. 
When  in  Darjeeling  some  four  years  ago  I  spent 
my  spare  time  rambling  around  the  hills  of  the 
district,  and  there  at  8,oooft.  elevation  I  found 
the  Shamrock  Pea  growing  luxuriantly  and  a 
mass  of  its  blue  flowers.  It  was  partially  shaded, 
and  water  was  trickling  among  the  roots.  Around 
Darjeeling  the  rainfall  is  a  heavy  one,  and  the 
hills  are  often  enveloped  in  mists. — T.  W.  B. 


April 


1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


207 


Should  Chefs  or  Growers  Judge 
Garden  Produce  at  Shows? 

I  HAVE  followed  witli  much  interest  the 
correspondence  appearing  in  your  columns 
on  this  subject — -raised  by  what  is  now 
generally  regarded  as  an  ill-advised  sugges- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  respected  President 
and  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society — ■ 
and  I  should  like  to  thank  Mr.  Beckett  for  his 
timely  and  well  reasoned  protest  against  what  can 
only  be  regarded  as  a  gratuitous  rebuff  to  a  craft 
of  which  he  is  such  a  distinguished  member. 

Can  it  be  that  the  new  President  and  Secretary 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  have  not  read 
or.  having  read,  have  forgotten  the  latter-day 
history  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  at 
South  Kensington  and  the  nemesis  that  followed 
the  departure  there  from  a  strictly  horticultural 
policy  ?  Or  is  it  that  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  is  now  in  such  a  flourishing  condition 
that  it  can  afford  to  flout  the  members  of  a  craft 
who  at  some  personal  inconvenience  and  cost 
have  consistently  supported  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  by  exhibits  and  by  giving  their 
best  services  as  judges  and  by  acting  on  the  various 
committees  ?  And  this  at  a  period  in  our  history 
when  unity  of  effort  is  imperatively  required  on 
all  hands  if  we  are  to  restore  British  horticulture 
to  the  high  standard  it  attained  to  before  the 
Great  War  ! 

What  are  we  elder  gardeners — -who  have  struggled 
during  the  past  few  eventful  years  to  the  best  of 
our  ability  to  hold  things  together  while  the  young 
and  promising  manhood  of  the  craft  have  been 
fighting  our  battles — to  say  to  these  young  men 
who  have  returned  from  this  awful  struggle  and 
who  are  now  desirous  of  gathering  up  the  lost 
threads  of  six  years'  experience  ? 

Are  we,  in  the  somewhat  flippant  words  of 
"  Anne  Amateur,"  to  tell  them  that,  owing  to 
"  incompetency  "  and  "  tyranny  "  on  the  part  of 
gardeners,  for  the  future  the  chef  is  to  be  their 
pastor  and  master  so  far  as  vegetable  growing 
is  concerned  ?  This,  it  appears  to  me,  is  the  only 
logical  conclusion  we  can  arrive  at  from  this  ill- 
advised  suggestion. 

Eaton.  N.  F.  Barnes. 


I  THANK  "  Anne  Amateur  "  and  the  other  writers 
in  The  Garden  for  their  exceedingly  kind  refer- 
ences to  myself  in  this  controversy.  1  feel  confi- 
dent the  subject  is  not  yet  done  with,  and  believe 
that  much  good  will  result  from  the  discussion. 

One  phrase  of  our  lady  contributor  is,  in  my 
opinion,  rather  an  unhappy  one,  and  she  herself 
remarks  that  she  enters  on  delicate  ground.  That 
remark  "  the  sport  of  growing  and  showing  vege- 
tables at  the  said  employer's  expense  "  calls  for 
immediate  refutation,  for,  firstly,  I  should  estimate 
that  90  per  cent,  of  the  exhibitors  of  vegetables 
do  not  fall  inside  the  category  of  private  gardener 
at  all,  but  are,  in  fact,  largely  composed  of  earnest, 
clever  amateurs  and  cottagers,  against  whom  the 
gardener  has  to  pit  all  his  skill  to  hold  pride  of 
place,  and  then  not  always  successfully.  Further, 
many  shrewd  employers  encourage  the  natural 
desire  of  a  gardener,  who  is  worthy  of  his  calling,  to 
show,  for  the  employer  in  his  wisdom  realises  that 
a  gardener  who  is  capable  of  exhibiting  can  produce 
first-class  vegetables,  and  therefore  the  employer's 
table  profits,  not  only  from  a  continual  and  proper 
supply,  but  also  most  excellent  quality ;  and, 
finally,  I  would  point  out  that  this  type  of  gardener 
is  one  who  does  not  consider  about  sparing 
himself,  but  for  the  love  of  his  enterprise  is  prepared 
to  spend. enormous  time,  energy  and  skill  to  attain 


his  object.  The  dilatory  man  is  the  expensive 
article,  for  his  work  is  like  to  his  ambition. 

Does  "  A.  A."  choose  her  cooking  vessels  accord- 
ing to  the  size  of  the  vegetable,  or  in  relation  to 
the  quantity  that  has  to  be  cooked  ?  I  am  also 
wondering  wliether  she  cooks  her  Cabbages  whole 
likewise  her  Parsnips  and  Turnips,  for  that  sentence 
anent  small  vegetables  requiring  smaller  vessels 
is  mystifying,  as  I  rather  had  the  idea  that  quantity 
per  head  was  the  basis  of  calculation  in  ascertaining 
how  much  should  be  cooked. 

Edwin  Beckett,  V.M.H. 

1  have  read  the  correspondence  on  the  judging  of 
vegetables  at  shows  with  much  interest  and, 
moreover,  I  have  thought  about  the  matter, 
and  the  conclusion  I  have  come  to  is  that  a  vege- 
table on  a  show  table  is  one  thing  and  the  same 
vegetable  in  my  mouth  is  another  thing.  Most 
Tomatoes  I  see  there  I  would  not  give  tuppence 
for.  They  look  too  ripe,  and  I  like  them  rather 
under-ripe.  Peas,  again,  are  always  shown  large 
and  full  grown — give  me  them  young  and  partly 
grown  for  epicurean  pleasure. 

I  look  upon  a  vegetable  sjiow  as  something 
very  near  akin  to  a  florists'  Carnation  or  Tulip 
show.  Only  those  who  understand  the  particular 
points  which  tlie  growers  aim  at,  and  which  have 
become  a  sine  qua  non  in  the  evolution  of  years, 
should  judge  show  vegetables.  They  are  a  thing 
of  themselves,  and  in  my  way  of  looking  at  the 
matter  it  is  just  as  much  a  specialist's  job  to  judge 
a  show  vegetable  as  it  is  for  an  Auricula  expert 
to  judge  a  show  Auricula  or  a  Carnation  expert  a 
show  Carnation. 

I  have  a  feeling  for  all — ^for  "Anne  Amateur" 
who  knows  what's  good  ;  for  Mr.  Poupart,  who, 
like  me,  likes  a  big  return  ;  and  for  Mr.  Beckett, 
who  is  a  veritable  vegetable  Glenny  in  setting  up 
standards  for  lesser  lights  to  aim  at. 

Joseph  Jacob. 


Ferns  in  the  Greenhouse 

4  PART  from  their  own  intrinsic  beauty, 
/%        Ferns  are  of  considerable  value  in  the 

/  %  greenhouse,  as  in  their  garb,  principally 
^^^^k  of  sober  green,  they  serve  admirably  as 
*  *•  a  foil  to  bright-hued  blossoms.     Most  of 

them,  too,  can  be  taken  into  the  dwelling-house  for 
a  time  without  injury.  At  one  time  heavy  shading 
and  a  soil  composed  principally  of  peat  were 
considered  necessary  for  the  successful  cultivation 
of  Ferns,  but  time  has  changed  all  this,  and  they 
are  now  grown  in  a  more  rational  manner.  Most 
Ferns  will  thrive  in  a  compost  of  equal  parts  of 
loam  and  leaf-mould  or  peat  with  a  good  sprinkling 
of  sand. 

Repotting,  when  it  is  needed,  should  be  done  in 
the  spring  before  the  new  fronds  push  up.  Shading 
to  a  certain  extent  is  of  course  necessary,  but  it 
should  not  be  permanent  if  it  can  be  otherwise 
arranged.  When  growing  freely.  Ferns  need  a 
liberal  amount  of  water;  hut  at  the  same  time 
efieotive  drainage  is  very  necessary.  A  liberal 
amount  of  atmospheric  moistiu-e  is  very  beneficial 
to  Ferns  in  general.  One  of  the  Country  Life 
booklets  just  published,  entitled  "  The  Greenhouse 
and  How  to  Make  the  Most  of  It,"  by  W. 
Truelove  (gd.  net.),  gives  the  following  list  of  Ferns 
suitable  for  the  greenhouse : — 

Adiantum  assimile,  A.  cuneatum,  A.  c.  grandiceps, 
A.  decorum,  A.  elegans,  A.  gracillimum,  A.  pubes- 
cens,  A.  Williamsii,  Aspidiumbraziliense,  Asplenium 
biforme,  A.  bulbiferum,  A.  Colensoi,  A.  Mayi, 
A.  Nidus,  Blechnum  brasiliense,  B.  occidentale, 
Cyrtomium  falcatum,  C.  f.  Mayi,  Davallia  brazili- 
ensis,  D.  bullata,  D.  canarlensis,  D.  Lawsoniana, 
D.  Mariesii,  D.  tenuifolia,  D.  Tyermanni,  Dicksonja 


antarctica,  Doodia  aspera,  D.  lunulata,  Dryopteris 
palmata,  Lastrea  aristata  variegata,  L.  lepida, 
L.  patens,  L.  Richardsi  multifida,  L.  varia,  Lomaria 
ciliata,  L.  gibba,  Lygodium  japonicum,  L.  scaudens, 
Microlepia  hirta  cristata,  Nephrodium  molle 
corj'mbiferum,  Nephrolepsis  Amerpholii,  N.  cordi- 
folia  compacta,  N.  davallioides  furcans,  N.  exaltata 
superba,  N.  Marshallii,  Onychium  japonicum, 
Osmuuda  palustris,  Platycerium  alcicorne,  Poly- 
podium  aureum,  P.  glaucum,  P.  Maja,  P.  nigrescens, 
P.  Schneider!,  Polystichum  triangulum,  Pteris 
argyrffia,  P.  Childsii,  P.  cretica  albolineata,  P.  c. 
major,  P.  leptophylla,  and  P.  serrulata.  i^- 


OBITUARY 


ROBERT  ALLEN   ROLFE,  V.M.H.,  A.L.S. 

BY  the  death  of  Mr.  R.  A.  Rolfe,  which 
occurred  on  April  13,  horticulture 
loses  its  leading  authority  on  the 
I  classification  of  Orchids.  Mr.  Rolfe 
entered  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  as 
a  young  gardener  from  Welbeck  Abbey  in  1879, 
and  by  virtue  of  his  close  application  to  botanical 
studies  he  attained  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
positions  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  and  he  was 
one  of  the  most  recent  recipients  of  the  Victoria 
Medal  of  Honour  in  Horticulture  bestowed  by  the 


THE  LATE _ROBERT_ ALLEN  ROLFE,  V.M.H., A.L.S. 

Royal  Horticultural  Society.  His  death  is  the 
more  to  be  deplored  as  he  was  soon  due  to  retire 
from  Kew,  and  he  was  looking  forward  to  spending 
the  evening  of  his  life  in  quiet  retirement. 

Mr.  Rolfe  was  the  founder  and  editor  of  the 
Orchid  Review,  a  publication  which,  owing  to  his 
illness,  ceased  a  few  months  ago.  His  interests 
were  not  confined  to  Orchids  ;  he  paid  particular 
attention  to  natural  hybrids,  and  readers  will 
remember  his  interesting  papers  on  the  genus 
Rosa  which  appeared  in  The  Garden  a  few 
years  ago.  Many,  like  ourselves,  were  indebted  to 
him  for  the  help  so  freely  given  in  those  subjects, 
on  which  he  was  an  acknowledged  authority. 


GARDBMINO      APPOINTHBHT. 

Mr.  S.  K.  Fasoms. 

SIR.  Sidney  R.  Fasoms,  who  was  manager  to  the  lole 
Reginald  Farrer  at  his  Craven  Nursery  in  Yorkshire, 
has  been  appointed  by  Mr.  Frederick  G.  Wood  to  bo 
manager  of  his  alpine  nurseries  at  Ashtead,  Surrey, 
and  has  already  taken  up  his  duties  there.  With  his 
Ultimate  knowledge  of  so  many  of  the  newer  plants 
introduced  by  Jlr.  Farrer,  we  may  expect  to  hear  of  some 
good  things  coming  from  tliis  nursery,  wlikh  has  only 
been  recently  established. 


208 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  25,  192 1. 


EELWORM    IN     DAFFODILS 

The   Ways   and  Methods   of   Attack 


WHILE  in  the  adjacent  rotting  scale 
tlie  eelworm  presses  its  spear 
point  into  the  healthy  white  scale 
next  to  its  home  and  thus  gets 
a  mouthful  of  food.  Sportsmen 
will  have  noticed,  while  snipe  shootins;,  borings 
of  this  bird  in  the  mud.  In  like  manner  the 
eelworm  uses  its  spear.  Now  the  Nematoid 
can  and  does  this  continually.  It  happens  in 
investigations  that  what  appeared  in  the  growing 
stage  to  be  fairly  certain  has  to  be  modified  by 
the  light  ot  a  future  stage.  But  though  the 
eelworm  can  pierce  the  epidermis  of  the  leaves  and 
flower  stems  at  almost  any  time,  it  still  remains 
good  that  it  cannot  enter  the  leaves  except  under 
the  circumstances  already  referred  to  in  a  previous 
article.  The  plant  in  the  growing 
season  heals  the  pierced  point  up  almost 
immediately.  In  the  bulb  the  same 
thing  happens  and  the  eelworm  is 
unable  to  enter  it.  As  it  cannot  enter, 
it  makes  fresh  holes  with  its  spear, 
which  appear  thick  all  along  its  feeding 
path  and  cause  the  russety  markings 
OP  the  bulb  already  noted.  Where  a 
few  eelworms  are  thus  feeding  them- 
selves the  bulb  calluses  the  piercinp^ 
each  time,  but  when  vast  numbers  ot 
eelworms  join  in  the  attack  they  a; 
last  are  able  to  enter  the  sound  scale 
and  thus  traverse  from  an  infested  scale 
into  the  healthy  scale  adjacent.  The 
ways  and  methods  of  attacks  by  eel- 
worms on  the  bulb  are  numerous  and 
are  helped  considerably  by  other  lowly 
organisms,  including  the  bulb  mite 
(Rhizoglyphus  echinopus),  wire  worni~ 
and  even  slugs.  The  most  common 'and 
often  the  initial  attack  is  from  the  neck 
of  the  bulb  by  way  of  the  sheath 
right  down  a  scale  in  a  streak  to  the 
basal  plate  from  whence  the  attack 
'spreads  to  the  healthy  scale  next  to  it. 
Sometimes  the  attack  is  upwards  from 
the  basal  plate,  but  the  forms  of  the 
attacks  are  too  numerous  to  mention. 
The  bulb  stores  fat  or  fatty  oil,  protein, 
starch  and  sugar  within  itself.  The 
sugar  needed  for  respiration  is  always 
found  in  the  last  season's  growth  an<l 
more  particularly  in  the  embryo  leaves 
formed  under  the  flower  stem  and  the 
adjacent  leaves.  If  eelworm  attacks  the 
flower  stem  or  either  of  the  two  leaves  next  to  it,  the 
rapidity  with  which  the  attack  progresses  is  great. 
Here  they  breed  and  lay  eggs  so  that  the  swarra 
of  eelworms  tl  at  result  break  dowTi  all  resistance 
and  the  basal  plate  is  quickly  reached.  This 
generally  means  that  the  largest  portion,  if  not 
the  whole,  of  that  season's  gains  are  lost  to  the 
bulb,  which  makes  bulblets  on  one  or  both  sides  and 
thus  continues  existence.  The  eelworms  now  in 
countless  numbers  at  the  centre  of  the  basal 
plate,  having  been  fed  on  the  richest  and  best 
products  of  the  bulb,  take  on  a  migratory  phase. 
They  collect  all  together  in  a  bundle  like  a  tuft 
of  cotton  wool.  The  basal  plate  cracks  away 
from  the  scales  and  thus  an  exit  is  made  for  them. 
But  the  eelworms  will  not  leave  the  bulb  imtil 
♦here  has  been  an  abundance  of  rain  and  the  soil 
is  saturated  with  moisture.  In  this  cotton  wool 
stage,  if  the  bulb  is  taken  up  and  dried  the  eel- 
worms hibernate  and  are  indifferent  to  air  and  dry 
conditions.       They   also  seem  to  be  immune   to 


drought,  poisons  and  apparently  everything  else. 
If  there  has  been  much  wet  weather  they  can  be 
seen  twisting  and  curling  about  in  the  moist  air. 
They  are  fat,  sleek  and  their  skins  are  covered 
with  waxy  fat.  Immersion  in  hydrarg.  perchorl,, 
I  in  100,  for  four  hours  fails  to  kill  them.  The 
first  thing  to  destroy  them  is  pure  methylated 
spirits,  a  drop  of  which  is  instantly  fatal  and 
does  not  injure  the  bulb.  In  the  natural  course 
this  vast  army  of  eelworms  in  the  form  of  a  tuft 
of  cotton  wool,  migrates  through  the  wet  soil  in 
search  of  other  bulbs  to  attack.  Like  salmon  in 
fresh  water  they  do  not  feed  at  this  stage,  but 
after  migration  and  travelling  through  the  soil 
gradually  the  superabundant  reserve  force  is 
diminished,  the  oily  skin  loses   its  fat  and  at  last 


The  second  point  is  that  the  nitro-hydrarg. 
perchlor.  treatment,  while  the  poison  only  kills 
the  eelworms  in  the  growing  leaves  and  flower 
stems,  leaves  the  plant  free  to  make  vigorous 
growth  and  thus  renew  its  resistant  forces.  It 
has  been  noted  that  no  poison  can  be  stored  in 
the  bulb  scales,  yet  by  ridding  the  foliage  of  eel- 
worm the  poison  is  the  means  by  which  the  fer- 
tilisers are  allowed  to  benefit  the  plant  to  the 
maximum  point.  This  benefit  is  manifest  long 
after  the  bulb  has  ceased  to  grow  and  even  in 
the  dry  state  it  endows  the  bulb  with  power  to- 
arrest  further  eelworm  attacks  and  thus  lessen 
the  damage,  although  still  infested  with  the 
Nematoid.  C.   A.   J.\rdine. 


Colour    in    the    Heath    Garden 

The  common  Ling  of  our  heathy  wastes  is  one  of 
the  most  important  occupants  of  the  Heatli 
garden.  Even  in  the  common  type  it  may  well 
be  used  as  a  general  groundwork  for  the  greater 
number  of  the  less  common  kinds.     It  has  varied 


CALLUNAS    IN    THE    HEATH    GARDEN,  WITH   A    GROUP   OF   THE    WHITE   VARIETIES,    IN    SUNLIGHT. 


they  must  cat  again.  Only  when  they  eat  again 
can  they  be  killed  as  easily  as  before  the  migratory 
stage,  which  gave  them  such  wonderful  powers  of 
resistance  and  endm'ance  against  the  most  adverse 
conditions  of  their  lives.  Two  important  points 
must  be  noted  here.  First,  that  these  eelworms 
let  loose  into  the  soil  in  such  vast  numbers  have 
been  raised  in  a  bulb  and  have  been  educated 
in  all  the  arts  of  attacking  a  Daffodil  and  are 
therefore  much  more  dangerous  than  those  left 
in  the  soil,  however  great  their  numbers  may  be. 
If  there  are  no  Dafiodils  in  the  soil  they  will  attack 
anything  which  can  suit  their  purpose  and  carry 
them  through  another  season.  Here  is  a  list 
of  bulbs  and  plants  attacked  by  eelworm  collected 
last  season :  Hyacinths,  Muscari  "  Heavenly 
Blue,"  Tulips,  including  Darwins,  Cottage  and 
Old  English  Florists'  Tulips,  and  Lilium  candidum, 
I  have  had  the  above  growing  for  six  years  among 
Dafiodils,  which  were  originally  infected  by  the 
introduction  of  Gladiolus. 


into  a  large  number  of  forms.  Among  white 
alone  there  are  no  less  than  ten  different  ones  in 
nursery  catalogues,  and  as  many  more  of  distinct 
habit  or  tinting  in  the  typical  colouring  of  greyish 
pink.  This  tendency  to  variation  can  hardly  be 
overlooked  by  anyone  who  is  ordinarily  observant 
when  waUiing  through  wild  moorland,  and  our 
Heath  gardens  are  much  the  richer  for  the  inclusion 
of  some  of  the  extreme  forms  that  have  been 
collected  and  perpetuated.  The  illustration  shows 
a  sheet  of  white  Heather  with  a  foreground  of  the 
ordinary  sort.  As  with  aU  other  wild  gardening, 
it  is  well  to  plant  a  good  number  of  a  kind  together, 
not  in  a  solid  block,  but  rather  in  a  more  natural- 
looking  drift,  softening  out  at  the  edges  by  an 
interminghng  with  some  other  Heath,  By  planting 
in  this  way — -except  that  the  eye  is  caught  by 
some  incidents  of  form  or  colouring  that  are  not 
those  of  the  common  Heaths — -the  whole  thing, 
for  appearance,  might  be  a  bit  of  Nature's  own 
planting,  G.   J. 


April  23,   1921. j 


THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


S  6    ,, 

„      40/-    ,.     „ 

4/6    „ 

,,      30/-     „     „ 

3/6   ,, 

,,      24/-    ,,     „ 

6/-     „ 

„      42/-    „     „ 

5  -     ,, 

.,      35/-    „     „ 

BEGON  IAS 

In  superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding. 

Doubles,  in  8  colours,  flowers  like  large  Roses  and  Camellias  ... 
Doubles,  in  mixed  colours,     .,  ,,  ,,        ,,  ,, 

Singles,  in  6  colours,  very  large  fine  shaped  flowers 
Singles,  in  mixed  colours,     ,,         ,,         ,,  ,, 

,,  Frilled  or  Crested,  in  6  colours 

,,  ,,  ,,  in  mixed  colours 

Collection  of  36  large  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15/- 

Send  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations, 
Delphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOV      IS     THE      BEST     TIME     TO      PLANT      DELPHINIUMS. 

We  have  pleasure  in  offering  the  following   Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 

which  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  this  year: — 

Collection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kinds  for    ...     50/- 

Collection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds ...         40/- 

Collection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      S20/-  and  30/- 

CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

BLACKMORE   &   LANGDON,   BATH. 


RITO  multiplies  all  Crops. 

Extract  from  letter  received  from  a  pleased  user  near  Bristol : — 

"In  every  case    there   is  a  marked  increase  in  growth  and    sturdiness   in    the 
portions  treated  with   RITO. 

Broad  Beans  benefited  50  per  cent. 
Peas  ,,         '2.5 

Seedlings  ,.         30 

Carrots  ..         30 

Onions  ,,         20 

and  less  fly  attack  where  used." 

Equally    good    reports     from    growers    of    all    Garden    Produce. 

Prices  :-~1     cwt.    23/6,     ^-cwt.    12/-,     i-cwt.    6/9,    14    lbs.    3/9,    7   lbs.    2/- 

SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

Manufactured  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd.,  22.  Tunnel  Avenue.  Greemvich,  S.E.  10 


The  Rito  Smile. 


TKeSJoive-HoMse 

Sviper  Syrir\qe 

Pal-ent  136087. 


Note    these 


Fine  spraying  nozzles,  able  to  spray  al  any  angle 
with  bcth  or  one  only  by  simply  turning 
nozzle  round.     No  caps  lo  be  taken  off. 

Gunmetal  Ball  Valve,  for  qui  k  filling. 

Substantial  nozzle  body,  lurnej  out  of  solid  metal. 

Rubber  Cassette  Joint,  making  a  pressure-tight 
joint  without  undue  strain. 


Corrugated  brass  drip  tube,  undeniable. 

Jet.  to  replace  spraying  nozzle. 

Rose,  to  replace  spraying  nozzle. 

Plunger     rod,     solid    (not     tube)     giving    ^r  at 
strength. 


Get    a    "Stone-House'*    Super    Syringe.      You 
will  be  proud  of  it  for  many  years. 

STONE-HOUSE  WORKS  Co. 
25,  Spon  Lane  Mills,  West  Bromwich. 

London  :  B.  W.  PETERS.  36-38.  Hatton  Gdn..  LonJon.  E.C. 
Manchester  :  6.  Exchange  Arcade.  Deanssate. 


SIMPSON'S 

SUPER-SEED 
SNAPDRAGON 

PLANTS 

Spring  Sown  trans- 
planted plantsready 
for    delivery    ahout 

May    14,    14   per  doz. 

(if  less  than  12  of  one 

N'aricty,  at  2/- per  doz., 

not  less  than  6  of  any  one  variety 

supplied),  25  or  more  of  any  one 

varieiy  at  8/6  per  100. 

Ciiryiage  and  packing,  -which  must  be  atlilctl  to 
above  firicca.  as  follou-s  .— f/>  to  24  flams,  tl-  ; 
fro>n2Jio  implants.  1/6.-  200  lo  300  p. ants.  3/-. 

VARIETIES. 

Tall,  2^-3  ft. 

FeI.THAM    BkaL'TV.  rose   rink. 


white  tip. 
Thk     lilNG,     oranjje    scarlet, 

white  tube. 
Vkllow     King,     rich 

yellow. 


deep 


Spring       sown       SWEET      PEA 

Plants,  of       up  -  to  -  date 

var  eties.  See    our    General 

Cata'oRue,  free    on    applica- 
tion to — 


Intepmediate,  1  >2  ft. 


BONFIHE.  apricot  3nd  Ku'.d  : 
Electra.  orange,  white  tutie; 
FASCINATION.  rose  pink : 
Gor.DEN  Gem,  yellow:  Ladv 
Roberts,  pimrose;  .Maeze 
Queen  I.mprovkd,  apricot 
chamois:  Morning  Glow  Im- 
proved, old  Hold:  Prima 
Donna,  reach  pink,  white 
tube  ;  ROSEUM  SUPERBUM. 
ft  se  pink  ;  HOSE  OUEEN.pink  : 
SYBIL  ECKFORD.  pale  apiicot 
pink  on  cream  ground;  \\'HITE 
Queen,  white. 


W  H.  SIMPSON  &  SONS  (Dept.  2).  Nurserymen&Seedsmen.Biiminghai 


SCOTCH  GROWN  TREES 

It  is  not  yet   too   late   to   plant  new  hedges. 
We  have  a  good  stock  of 

THORNS,     BEECH,     O.L.  PRIVET, 
HORNBEAM,    etc. 

Sizes  and  Prices  on  application. 
WE     SPECIALISE     IN 

GRASS      SEED      MIXTURES 

for  Lawns,  etc.      Estimates  on  application. 

SAMSONS     LTD., 

Nurserymen  &  Seedsmen,  KILMARNOCK. 

Established  17S9. 


CARNATIONS 

Why  pay  high  railway  rates? 

TRY     MY 

Parcel  Post  Collections. 


PLANTS  OUT  OF    li   INCH    POTS. 

20    in  20  varieties 20/- 

50    in  50  varieties  ...  ...     50/- 

100    in  100  varieties  ...100/- 

All    Free    by    Post. 


C.   ENGELMANN, 

Carnation   Grower, 
SAFFRON      NA/ALDEN. 


VIU. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  23,  1921. 


Effective  Treatment  of  Daffodil  &  other  Bulb  Diseases 


The  certainty,  simplicity  and  economy  of  the 
"  hot- water  treatment "  of  bulb  diseases  have 
been  conclusively  proved.  The  Hearson's  Ther- 
mostatic Bulb  Treatment  Bath  makes  it  possible 
for  the  large  or  small  bulb-grower  to  completely 
annihilate  eelworm  (Tylenchus  devastatrix), 
Merodon  equestris,  and  other  pests  without 
the    slightest    injury    to    the    bulbs    themselves. 

HEARSON'S 

THERMOSTATIC  BULB  TREATMENT  BATH 

maintains  the  required  temperature  automatically  and  with  little 
supervision  during  the  whole  period  of  treatment :  the  bath  as  sent 
from  the  factory  is  complete,  self-contained,  and  needs  no  accessories : 
the  economy  of  the  method  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  cost 
of    treating    one   ton    of    bulbs    is    approximately    fifteen    shillings. 


Model  No.  J  (/A  c  t.  vj  Btilbs)  Gas  Heated. 

The  Hearson  Thermostatic   Bulb  Treatment 

Baths  are  made  for  heating  by  Gas  or  Oil, 

to   hold    from  a    few    pounds    to    IJ    cwt.  of 

bulbs,  and  at  prices  from  £10  to  £45. 


THE     CERTAIN      CURE     FOR     BULB      DISEASES. 

Descriptive  Leaflet  gladly  sent  on  request  to  Dept.  A. 

CHAS.  HEARSON  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  68,  Willow  Walk,  Bermondsey,  London,  S.E.I. 


Telephone    No.:      Hop     163. 


A  Booklet  contain- 
ing  the  most 
Reliable  Garden 
Requisites    for    the 


(( 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


f) 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion  of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   tpost     free). 


SHADINGS 


AND 


Cotton,  Canvas.  Scrim,   Tiffany  and 

Lath  Blinds. 
A.— White  Material.  54in..  3,'-  ;   72in.. 
4(-  yard  run.     No.  2.  Lighter  Mesh. 
S4in.,  2/3  ;   72in..  3/4  yard  run. 
Tiffany,     No.     2,     single.    20yds.    by 
38in..  191-  a  piece.      Lath,  1/4  per  square  foot. 


BLINDS 


GARDEN 
HOSE 

Guaranteed 
for  10  years. 


RH^NOHIDE,     the     best     in    the   World. 

Inter,     diam.      Jin..     §in.,     tin.,      lin.. 

1/9,    2/-.    2/4,    2/8 

per   foot    run,    in    60ft.    lengths,    pass. 
train.        Huge    Stocks.       Orders    same 
day  by  passenger  train. 
Large  range  of  Lawn  Sprinklers. 


LAW  N 
MOWERS 


Immediate  Delivery  this  Season. 
Motor  Mowers  Delivered  in  a  few 
days.  £66  10/-  buys  one.  Write 
for  list  of  the  Best  Make.  Get 
particulars  of  the  1921  Marvel. 


NETTING 


Strawberry  and  Wasp.  —  Selection 
*'B,'*  lin.  Mesh.  25  by  8yds.,  37/- 
per  piece.  Also  Tennis,  Wire.  Melon 
and  Peach  Netting. 


SPRAYING 
MACHINES 


Only      Tested      Machines 
Get    a    *'  Holder-Harriden.' 
hands  free. 

No.  I  Hand-Sprayer 

No.  5a  Knapsack       , 


oFfered. 
Both 


40i- 
138/- 


CARRIAQE  PAID  ON  £1  ORDERS  AND  UPWARDS. 


"  Le  Fruitier  " 

THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK— YET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS     CENTURY. 

AS  SUPPLIED  to  the  ROYAL  GARDENS 

"EATON  GARDENS.  CHESTER. 
"  I  must  admit  that  the  GRAPES,  PEACHES  and 

MELONS  at  the  Shrewsbury  Show  were  grown 
with  the  aid  of  'LE  FRUITIER,'  I  have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that  this  fruit  class  has 
been  one  of  the  hardest  and  keenest  prizes 
competed  for  in  my  time,  and  either  of  the 
placed  exhibits  were  well  worthy  of  a  first-class 
prize  anywhere. 

N.  F.  BARNES." 

Prices : 

36/-  cwt.,   19/-  Jcwt.,   10/6  28  lbs., 

6/-    14  lbs.,    3/6    7  lbs.      Bags    Free. 


W"<-WOOD  &  SON  L" 


TELE 


(LATE     OF     WOOD     OREEN) 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GR<.MS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


NEPETA    MUSSINl.    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII.    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and   ROCK    PLANTS   for   any  given   aspect. 

10/6  ;  all  carriage  paid.    Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAUDEVIN, 

WILLASTON.    BIRKENHEAD. 


Perpetual  Flowering  Carnations 

PLANTS  IN  6in.  POTS 
IN  BUD  for  immediate 
delivery  from  35/-  perdoz.. 
carriage  extra.  YOUNG 
STOCK  — all  varieties  — 
for  April  deliverj'  from 
3Jin.  Pots,  stopped  and 
broken.  We  can  offer 
the  under- mentioned 
collections,  carriage  and 
packing  paid  for 
cash  :  — 

Co. I.  No.  la.— 12  Distinct  Cat  Flowpr  Varieties,  24/- 

Coll.  No.  2a.— 12         „         „    &  Exh-bitioo  do.,  27/6 

Coll.  No.  3a.— 100  Planis  in  twelve  really  good  distinct 

varieties,  ISO/-.     Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  cash 

ALLWOODII— THE  NEW  HARDY  PLANT. 

It  needs  no  culture,  but  grows  and  flowers  perpetually  from 
Spring  to  Winter.  All  twelve  varieties  available,  and  for  the 
convenience  of  our  Clients  we  offer  the  undermentioned 
collections  at  carriage  and  packing  paid  prices  for  cash 
•vith  order  : — 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  Distinct  Varieties  11 

Coll.  No.  2b.— 9         „  ,.        (includingS  novelties)  23/6 

Coll.  No.  3b.— 12       „  „    (including  all  6 novelties) 40,- 

Carriage  and  packing  paid  for  casb. 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET,    6d.    post    tree. 

Our  fully  iUiiatratLd  uiul  descriptive  Cafalogne  will  be  gladly  scut 
Post  free  on  request. 

I  When  yon  think  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


The  leadios  CaniatioD  Raisers  aod  Specialists  ia  the  World,  Dept  4. 

HAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


April  2^,   1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


209 


KENTISH     CHERRY     ORCHARDS 


Hops   Replaced   by    Cherries 


K 


EXT  ha;  been  famed  for  Chenies  for 
many  hundreds  of  years,  and  anyone 
travelling  through  the  county  in  spring 
and  seeing  the  ordered  beauty  of  the 
Cherry  orchards  in  bloom,  all 

"  Wearing  white   for  Eastertide," 

will  recognise  that  the  title  of  "The  Garden  of 
England "  is  well  earned  and  justly  bestowed. 
As  Lambarde  said  in  hLs  "  Perambulation  of 
Kent,"  1576  :  "  As  for  orchards  of  Apples  and 
gardens  of  Cherries,  and  those  of  the  most  delicious 
and  exquisite  kinds  that  can  be,  no  part  of  the 
realm  (that  I  know)  hath  them  either  in  such 
quantity  and  number,  or  with  such  art  and  industry, 
set  and  planted." 

Between  Canterbury  and  Chatham  some  of  the 
finest  Chern.-  orchards  in  the  kingdom  are  to  be 
found,  and  the  soil  in  this  district  is  that  best 
suited  for  producing  the  fruit  in  perfection — a  deep, 
full-bodied  yet  friable  loam,  often  overlying  a 
loamy  brick  earth.  Next  best  are  the  loamy  soils 
found  above  the  chalk  or  the  Kentish  ragstono 
rock.  Most  soils  which  are  not  too  thin  will  grow 
Cherries  with  a  greater  or  less  degree  of  success,  so 
long  as  the  situation  is  not  too  exposed.  A  low- 
lying  valley  is  naturally  unsuitable,  on  account 
of  the  risks  from  frost.  Hall  and  Russell  in  their 
book  on  "  The  Agriculture  and  Soils  of  Kent, 
Surrey  and  Sussex  "  examine  the  cultivation  of 
fruit  in  Kent  in  connection  with  the  geological 
map  of  the  county.  They  point  out :  "  The  fruit 
area  forms  a  band,  starting  out  from  the  south- 
east of  London  and  following  the  belt  of  free- 
working  loams  on  the  Thanet  Sands  and  the  chalk 
as  far  as  the  Medway  Valley.  .  .  .  East  of  the 
Medway  Valley  one  of  the  richest  areas  of  fniit 
and  is  formed  by  the  deep  loam  of  the  Thanet 
sand,  chalk  and  brick  earth,  which  stretch  from 
Rochester  through  Sittingbourne   to   Canterbury." 

Cherries  are  best  planted  on  cultivated  land, 
and  some  of  the  best  orchards  were  originally  raised 
in  Hop  gardens,  which  had  nearly  reached  the  end 
of  their  life.  Every  fifth  or  sixth  "  hill  "  or  plant 
of  Hops — the  hills  are  usually  6ft.  apart — would  be 
taken  out  or  "  grubbed  "  and  a  Cherry  tree  planted 
in  its  place,  giving  30ft.  to  36ft.  between  the  trees, 
which  would  be  arranged  alternately  in  "  diamond 
fashion."  The  young  Cherries  thus  had  the 
benefit  of  the  thorough  cultivation  and  liberal 
manuring  of  the  Hop  garden  until  the  Hops  were 
grubbed.  Some  authorities  think  that  this  results 
in  too  much  early  growth.  But  the  advantage 
of  tillage  instead  of  grass  during  the  first  years 
IS  generally  admitted,  providing  the  roots  are  not 
disturbed,  for  the  Cherry  is  a  shallow  rooting  plant 
and,  at  any  rate,  the  land  has  to  be  laid  down  to 
grass  within  three  or  four  years,  otherwise  damage 
to  the  roots  might  result  in  "  gumming."  and 
might  kill  some  of  the  trees.  Where  Hops  have 
liiii  grown  for  many  years  very  excellent  pasture 
usults.  It  is  said  that  the  gra,ss  under  Cherry 
trees  should  be  so  close  and  fine  "  that  a  man  may 
cross  dryfoot  in  his  slippers."  and  to  attain  this 
the  land  is  stocked  heavily  with  sheep.  Grass  is 
lieneficial  to  the  Chenies  in  that  it  slightly  checks 
the  growth  of  the  tree  by  drawing  on  the  limited 
amount  of  moisture  available  and  so  forcing  the 
tree  to  form  short-jointed,  fruit-bearing  spurs 
instead  of  coarse  wood.  Also,  the  grass  helps  to 
dry  the  surface  soil  and  absorbs  any  ordinary  rain- 
fall when  the  fruit  is  lipening,  and  a  sudden  access, 
of  moisture  to  the  roots  would  possibly  result  in 
the  fruit  cracking  and  so  losing  its  market  value. 
Among  the  many  vai  ieties  of  Chei  ries  in  cultivation. 


some  of  the  leading  sort;  for  commercial  purposes 
are  (roughly  in  the  order  of  ripening)  :  Early 
Rivers,  Governor  Wood,  Frogmore,  Elton  Heart, 
Cleveland  Bigarreau  or  Early  Amber,  Nutberry 
Black,  Roundle,  Black  Eagle,  Napoleon  and 
Turkey  Heart. 

The  Early  Rivers,  as  the  name  implies,  is  an 
early  and  generally  profitable  variety,  for  it  is  a 
fairly  regular  cropper  and  finds  an  eager  and 
ready  market.  One  of  the  most  profitable  varieties, 
where  it  can  be  grown  successfully,  is  the  Napoleon. 
This  is  a  large,  very  handsome  and  beautifully 
coloured  friut,  one  that  immediately  "  fills  the 
eye "  of  the  retail  customer,  and  it  possesses  the 
great  advantage  of  being  firm-fieshed,  so  that  it 
reaches  the  market  in  good  condition  and  un- 
bruised.  The  flavour  is  not  equal  to  some  of  the 
others,  but  the  Napoleon  is  showy — and  sells. 
For  sweetness  and  delicacy  of  flavour  the  Waterloo 
is  hard  to  beat.  It  is  a  particularly  luscious  fruit, 
but  it  is  rather  soft  and  apt  to  suffer  in  transit. 

Cherries  invariably  bloom  profusely,  but  they 
are  a  precarious  crop.  Late  frosts  and  gales  may 
do  irreparable  damage  or  wet  weath:  r  may 
cause  the  ripening  fruit  to  crack  and  so  spoil  its 
market  value,  for  with  Cherries  "  their  face  is 
their  fortune."  The  grower  has  to  contend  with 
the  depredations  of  birds  from  early  summer  dami 
to  sunset,  and  it  is  to  be  feared  that  many  otherwise 
useful  birds  incur  the  death  penalty  for  robbery 
of  orchards.  Caterpillars,  insect  pests  and  fungoid 
diseases  must  all  be  strenuously  coinbatted,  and 
especially  thefatalsilverleaf,  which  is  now  attacking 
Cherries  as  well  as  Phmis. 

The  fluctuations  in  the  returns  from  Cherries  are 
illustrated  by  the  fact  that  in  1918.  one  of  the 
worst  years  ever  known,  the  Cherries  from  certain 
orchards  sold  by  auction  by  a  well  known  firm 
realised  only  £118.  The  next  year  the  same 
orchards  made  £6.000.  In  favourable  years  the 
returns  are  very  good.  The  average  retuins  for 
many  years  from  various  orchards  were  tabulated 
some  3'ears  ago  as  follows  by  an  eminent  authority, 
the  late  Mr.  George  Webb. 

Average  Sale.  Average 

Parish,   Years.  Acre-       Chenies.  Hard  Fruit,    per  acre, 

age.        i,     s.   d.  £     «.  d.       £    s.  d. 
Lynsted  & 

Tevnham   14     88      l,21i     (I     0  500     0  0     19     9  6» 

Milton      .  .    13     29         350     II     0  250     0  0     20   14  0 
Tunstall  * 

Halstow   13     32i        423   10     0  148  10  0     17   12  0 

Milton      .  .    13     10'          69     0     0  68     0  0     13   14  0 
Borden    ct 

Tuastall   13       2j         88     6     0  8     4  0     37     7  0 

Sifgbourne    0       9  £270  30     0  0 

ilainham       4      7*  £202  27     0  0 
•  Fiftei-n  years  not  iu  perfection. 

It  is  considered  now  that  from  really  good 
and  well  established  Cherry  orchards  the  fruit 
should  realise  an  average  of  something  like  £30 
per  acre.  There  are  authenticated  instances  of 
single  Chen-y  trees  producing  as  much  as  eighty 
"  half  sieves,"  each  of  281b.  of  fruit,  equal  to  a 
ton  from  the  tree,  and  this  may  not  be  the  record. 

.Many  of  the  large  growers  sell  the  fiuit  upon 
the  trees  to  dealers,  for  whom  the  transaction  is 
somewhat  risky,  for  if  wet  weather  sets  in  and  the 
Cherries  crack,  the  returns  arc  sadly  aflected. 

The  freeholds  of  well  establi-hed  Cherry  orchards 
naturally  realise  high  piices.  not  infrequently  over 
£200  per  acre. 

According  to  Lambarde,  who  wrote  in  the 
sixteenth  century,  "  Tenham,  with  thirty  other 
-  parishes  (lying  on  each  side  of  this  porte  way 
and  e.vtending  frohi  Raynham  to  Blean  Wood). 
be  the  Cherrie  gardcin  and  Apple  Orcharde  of 
Kent."     It  was  at  Teynham  that  Richard  Harrys 


(Henry  Vll's  fruiterer)  revived  Cherry  culture  iu 
England.  The  stocks  brought  over,  as  some  say, 
from  Italy  in  A.D.  48,  or  more  probably  by  the 
Normans,  had  degenerated  and  "  lost  their  native 
verdour."  Harrys  bought  105  acres  of  lich  land 
in  Teynham  called  "  The  Brennet,"  and  "  with 
great  care,  good  choice  and  no  small  labour  and 
cost,  brought  plants  from  beyond  the  seas  and 
furnished  this  ground  with  them  so  beautifully 
as  they  not  only  stand  in  most  light  line,  but  seem 
to  be  of  one  sort,  shape  and  fashion,  as  if  they 
had  been  drawn  through  one  mould  and  wrought 
by  one  and  the  same  pattern."  The  property 
known  as  Newgardens  at  Teynham,  with  its  well 
known  Cherry  orchards,  is  traditionally  said  to 
be  the  land  planted  at  that  time.  It  is  now  held 
by  Colonel  Honeyball,  to  whom,  as  well  as  to  Mr. 
F.  T.  Honeyball,  the  writer  is  indebted  for  valuable 
information.  Two  hundred  years  later  Cherries 
were  everywhere  giving  place  to  Hops,  then  a 
more  profitable  crop  ;  but,  as  usual,  the  whirligig 
of  time  brought  his  revenges. — The  Kentish  Estates 
Journal. 


Dutch    Brown   Beans   for 
Winter    Use 

Get  Ready  to  Sow  in  May 

P.ARTLV  owing  to  the  fact  that  few 
varieties  of  Haricots  ripen  well  or  yield 
a  profitable  crop  in  England,  partly, 
maybe,  to  the  conservatism  of  gardeners, 
the  growing  of  Beans  for  winter  use  is 
not  by  any  means  as  common  as  it  should  be. 
The  Dutch  Bro«ii,  introduced  by  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  during  the  lean  years  of 
war,  yields  heavily  and  ripens  well  as  far  North, 
at  any  rate,  as  the  Midlands.  Experience  over  a 
number  of  years  leaves  no  doubt  on  these  points. 
Their  table  properties  are  excellent,  and  properly 
dried,  seeds  keep  in  good  condition  for  a  very  long 
time. 

The  following  notes  on  the  cultivation  of  Dutch 
Brown  Beans  in  the  season  of  rgao  may  be  of 
interest  and  use.  The  seeds  were  sown  on  May  t8 
in  ground  bastard  trenched  and  cropped  in  the 
previous  year  with  Potatoes.  The  soil — a  light 
sandy  loam^ — was  green  manured  and  top-dressed 
with  superphosphate  at  the  rate  of  r  oz.  to  the 
square  yard,  and  wood-ashes.  Soot  was  used 
fairly  liberally  from  time  to  time. 

The  Beans  were  sown  in  drills  tft.  apart  and 
I2ins.  from  seed  to  seed,  spaced  alternately  in  the 
manner  indicated  below,  the  rows  running  north 
and  south. 


Between  each  pair  of  rows  a  space  of  rSins. 
was  left  for  ease  of  cultivation  and  to  allow  the 
plants  more  room  for  growth.  The  Beans  made 
strong  growth  and  podded  freely.  Practically 
every  seed  germinated. 

Cultivation  and  Harvesting. — I'rom  the  time 

when  the  plants  were  a  few  inches  high  until 
the  yellowing  of  the  leaves,  the  Dutch  hoe  was 
regularly  used  to  break  up  the  surface  soil,  and 
when  the  Beans  were  6ins.  or  so  in  height  earth 
was  drawn  up  to  the  stems — being  treated,  in  fact, 
lust  as  the  other  varieties  of  dwarf  Beans  grown  for 
their  green  pods.  The  rows  were  sprayed  several 
times  with  clear  water  in  the  evenings  during  dry 
spells  and  Katakilla  was  twice  used  to  check  black- 
fly.  The  crop  having  ripened  well  during 
September  and  the  early  part  of  October,  was 
uprooted  on  the  nth  and  iSth  of  tlu'  latter  month 


210 


THE     GARDEN. 


[ViPRiL  23,  :  ) :  [ 


for  final  drying.  The  plants  were  stripped  of  leaves 
and  hung  root  upwards  on  wires  stretched  near 
the  top  of  the  garden  wall  facing  south.  In  spite 
of  one  or  two  showers  they  dried  perfectly.  After 
shelling,  the  seeds,  spread  in  shallow  layers  on 
trays,  were  left  for  a  week  indoors  to  get  rid  of  all 
traces  of  moisture  before  storing.  Glass  jars, 
boxes  or  linen  bags  are  suitable,  but  they  must  be 
kept  as  dry  as  possible.  Instead  of  the  golden 
brown  colour  of  fully  ripe  seed,  nearly  10  per  cent, 
were  white  when  shelled.  These  browned  and  dried 
satisfactorily  on  the  trays,  from  which  all  Beans 
showing  traces  of  unsoundness  were  removed 
before  storing. 

From  a  quarter  of  a  pint  of  seed  just  over 
fifteen  and  a  half  pints  of  dried  seed  were  harvested 
and  proved  of  excellent  quality.  If  the  weather 
at  drying  time  turns  wet  the  Beans  should  be 
tied  in  bunches  and  slung  head  downwards  over 
lines  stretched  near  the  roof  of  an  airy  attic  or 
outhouse.  In  some  parts  of  France  the  Haricot 
Beans  are  hung  outside  under  the  cottage  eaves 
and  shelled  as  required  for  use.        R.  C.  S.  Ross. 


Spring    Treatment    of 
Grape    Vines 

Small  Errors  may  be  Costly. 

TW  O  years  ago  both  Grapes  and  Vine 
foliage  were  attacked  by  mildew  practi- 
cally throughout  the  country.  The 
prevailing  cold  winds,  mainly  from 
north  and  east,  were  responsible  for  the 
havoc  made  by  the  mildew.  It  was,  however, 
aggravated  very  considerably  by  lack  of  artificial 
heat  owing  to  scarcity  and  cost  of  fuel.  The 
latter  is  more  plentiful  this  year,  but  it  may  be 
that  very  cold  speUs  of  weather,  interspersed  with 
hot  sunshine,  will  be  experienced  in  April  and  .May. 
If  such  conditions  obtain,  the  ventilation  of  the 
structure  and  other  small  matters  will  require 
very  careful  attention. 

Approximate   Time   Required   from   Date  of 
Starting    Vines    to    Maturity    of    Grapes.— Of 

course,  late-maturing  Grapes  must  be  allowed  a 
sufficient  period  in  which  to  grow  and  ripen  their 
fruits.  It  is  not  wise  to  delay  the  gentle  forcing 
of  the  new  shoots  unduly.  As  a  guide  to  in- 
experienced amateur  cultivators  the  following 
few  details  will  be  helpful :  Varieties.^Black 
Hamburgh,  about  twenty-four  weeks;  Black 
Alicante,  thirty-two  weeks  ;  Buckland  Sweetwater, 
twenty- four  weeks;  Foster's  Seedling,  twenty- 
six  weeks ;  Madresfield  Court,  twenty-seven 
weeks  ;  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  thirty-three  weeks. 
As  stated  above,  these  dates  are  approximate. 
They  are  given  from  my  own  experience  over  a 
period  of  thirty-five  years.  Such  Vines  were  not 
hard  forced,  of  course  ;  they  were  assisted  in  their 
early  stages  of  growth  by  gentle  artificial  heat, 
mainly  through  the  summer  dependent  on  the  sun 
heat,  and  finally  assisted  to  put  on  colour  and 
thoroughly  mature  by  more  artificial  heat.  These 
are  the  conditions  under  which  thousands  of 
amateurs  are  obUged  to  grow  their  Grapes. 

How  to  Start  the  Vines. — I  am  presuming  that 
the  vines  have  been  cleaned,  also  the  structure 
and  surroundings.  In  all  cases,  though,  it  is 
absolutely  necessary  that  the  border  be  examined 
and  water  applied  if  the  soil  is  at  all  dry.  Do  not 
open  the  ventilators  except  to  admit  a  little  air 
through  the  top  ones  on  very  fine  days  after  new 
shoots  begin  to  grow.  Syringe  the  Vine  rods 
every  morning  about  nine  o'clock  to  soften  the 
buds    and    assist    them   to   burst   like    the    gentle 


showers  of  rain  on  our  hardy  fruit  trees  in  spring. 
All  syringed  rods  should  be  dry  by  sunset.  Stop 
syringing  after  the  young  shoots  have  gi-own 
about  I  inch  long. 

Disbudding. — Directly  the  small  embryo  fruit 
bunches  can  be  seen  near  the  ends  of  the  shoots 
begin  to  disbud.  Finally  leave  one  shoot,  the 
best  placed  and  bearing  to  all  appearance  the  best 
bunch  on  each  spur. 

When  the  Vines  are  in  Flower. — Before  this 
stage  is  reached  there  must  be  some  tying  down 
of  the  young  shoots.  Bring  them  down  to  the 
wires  gradually,  as  they  easily  break  off  at  this 
stage.  But  when  the  flowering  stage  is  reached 
they  will  not  break  off  so  easily  and  the  final  tying 
down  may  be  done. 

Thinning    Bunches    and    Berries. — Cut    out 

surplus  bunches  directly  it  can  be  seen  which  have 
"  set"  best  and  begin  the  thinning  of  the  berries 
when  the  latter  are  about  as  large  as  duck  shot, 
except  Muscats,  which  must  be  left  till  the  berries 
are  quite  twice  that  size. 

Watering  and  Feeding. — .Ki  all  times  clear 
water  must  be  applied  to  keep  the  soil  uniformly 
moist,  and  when  the  work  of  thinning  the  berries 
is  finished  the  first  applications  of  liquid  manure 
may  be  given.  If  these  few  details  be  carried  out 
and  cold  draughts  avoided,  there  will  not  be  much 
risk  of  mildew  appearing  and  spreading. 

Geo.  Garner. 

LAKEMAN'S 

GOLD     MEDAL 

BORDER    CARNATIONS 

PLANT     NOW. 

U  grand  varieties  in- 1  tiding  the  follow  in'4  :  12/6;  pairs,  23/-     Also  1-1. 
my  selection,  11:6;  pairs.  21-    All  carriage  paiJ. 


HAVE  YOU   PROVIDED? 


THE     UNITED      HORTICULTURAL 
BENEFIT  and  PROVIDENT  SOCIETY 


P 


ROVIDES  27/-  per  week  in  illness  for  l/lj, 
IS/-  for  9d.,  or  12/-  for  6d.  weekly 
contributions. 

ROVIDES  your  dependants  with  £10  at  death 

ROVIDES  you  with  a  Savings  Bank. 

ROVIDES  grants  from  Distress  and  Con- 
valescent  Funds. 

Benefit  by  the  experience   of  a  member  who  has 
£250  to  his  credit  ! 

State  insured  members  may  pay  an  additional  2d. 

per  week  for  4/-   sick  pay,  or  4d.   per  week  for  8/-, 

in  addition  to  the  State   Benefits  and  .£10  payable 

at  death. 

Private  and  Maflcet  Gardeners,  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen  and 
Florists  up  to  the  age  of  45  years  are  eligible  for  membership. 

These    advantages    are     fully    explained    in    the    pamphlet 
(send  stamp),  obtainable  from  the 

SECRETARY,  35,  Alexandra   Road.  West  Kensington.  W.14. 


Border  Yelloiw,  finest  yellow 
Elaine     or     Purity*     finest 

white. 
Bookham      Clove,    crimson, 

powerful  perfume. 
Grey    Douglas,    the    sensa- 

tional  deep  heliotrope. 
Salmonea,  salmon. pink. 
The  King,  dai  k  crimson. 
EIlz.  Shiffner,  golden  orange. 
The    only    Gold    Medals   awarded    for    Border   Carnations 

Darlington  and  Ipswich  were  gained  by  me. 

My  plants  are  the  strongest  anu  healthiest  obtainable  at  any  price,  and 

purtrhasers  are  more  tban  satisfied. 

LISTS     FREE     FROM 

HI    A  1/^  C  mi  A  M     F  R.H.S..  Carnation  Specialist, 
■   l-MrVtlVI#\nl,  TH0RN10N     HEATH,     SURREY. 


Glowworm,  grand  scarlet. 
Innocence,     delicate     hlush- 

pink. 
Miss  Rose  Josephs,  antique 

rose. 
Daisy  Walker,  white  marked 

hrilliant     rose  -  scarlet 
Montrose,      white 

scarlet. 
Gordon     Douglas, 

crimson-mart  on. 


marked 
glowing 
at    York. 


SECURE  your  WALL  SHRUBS,  Etc. 


EVERVMANS 

Wa//  Clip 
for  iraining 

Trees,  Ramblers, 
etc.. 


From  DAMAGE,  by 
the  SAFEST  and 
MOST  EFFECTIVE 

Method  Extant. 
A  Great  Time  Saver. 

From 
Leading  Sundriesmen, 
Army  &  Navy  Stares, 
Civil  Service  Stores, 
Messrs.  Barr  &  Sons, 
etc. 


Box    of    50,    Medium    Size,    3/-. 

ALSO      EVERYMAN'S      SEED      SOWER. 

If  your  Dealer  is  out   of  stocU,   send    P.O.  and 

2d.   extra  for  postage  to 

HOUSE     &     GARDEN      SUNDRIES     CO., 

Dept.  G.,     10,     EASTCHEAP,     E.C.3. 


^JBj9 


THE  SLADE  Sec- 
tional Garden 
Frame  is  a  real 
boon  to  Gardeners.  It 
is  the  means  to  mote 
pioduce  and  more 
profit.  Well     con- 

structed, portable,  ex- 
tensibleto  any  length, 
easily  dismantled,  con- 
serves a  maximum 
quantity  of  natural 
heat,  proof  against  rot, 
damp,  vermin,  etc. — 
These  are  some  of  the 
a-lvantagesof  the  Slade 
Frame.  There  are  some 
more  interesting  details 
in  Booklet"  B  "  which 
\ou  can  obtain  by 
\vi  iting.     Do  it  now. 


SECnOKAZ 

GARDEN  FRAME 


PRICES. 

Type  A. — Single  Frame,  two  lights, 
size  4  ft.  by  3  It.  by  15  in.  by  9in.,  as 
illustrated. 

£2     9     6 

Type  A. — Double  Frame,  four  lights, 
size  8  tt.  by  3  ft.  by  15  in.  by  9  in. 

£4     13     0 

ALL      FRAMES      are     sent     carriage 
forward  at  consignee's  rislc. 


The  most  Interesting 
and  Instructive  Book  a 
Ciardener  can  get. 

"  Cultivation 

by 

Movable  Framee." 

By 
Herbert  Cowley. 

Editor  of 
■■  TUB  GARDES.' 

1/- 

Post  Free. 

THE  SLADE 

SYNDICATE.  LTD. 

(Directors ; 

K.  J.  W.  Slade  &  M.VV. 

Slade),      28.       Wohurn 

..   .Place.  W.C.  L 


April  z;^,   iq2i.! 


THE     GARDEN 


THAT 


Itequire  Outside  Shading 

■UMMER    CLOUD     SHADING    (the    only    genuine    and 

oriftinal  article). 
II   rishts  Transferred   by   Deed  to  Corry    &   Co.,   Bedford 

Chambers,     Covent     G  irden,       London.       VV.C.2,       ly 

Hy.  Elliott,  .n  .March  27th,  IS82. 

It  has  been  in  general  use  for  OVER  40  YEARS. 

BE    SURE    TO     ASK    FOR 

SUMIVIER  CLOUD 

AND     SEE      THAT      YOU      GET       IT. 

Sold  by  all  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

old    in     packets    containing    8oz.    for    100ft.    of    glass,    1;6; 
240/.     3/6.     Cheaper  in   Bull;. 

Manufactured  by 

CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd., 

at  their  Bonded  Chemical  Works, 

SHAD      THAMES,     S.E.I. 

ffices  &  Sh^w  Rooms  :  Bedford  Chambers,  Covent  Garden,  London.W.C.2 


'ERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

-A  thorout^hly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
eautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook, 
■  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
ubiished  at  the  offices  of  "  CocNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
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Sole  Manufacturers- 


HUNTER  &  GOW,  LTD.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  Liverpool. 


THE 


({ 


BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth    "  draw 
out  '  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does   not  pinch 
or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1  /-    each. 

Postage  7d. 

Sole  Mainifiictiirefs: 

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i        SITUATION    VACANT. 
UNDER-GARDENER  wanted  immediately  for 

lioehampton.  Must  be  single,  and  with  experience  of  kitchen 
.lardens,  if  possibl..  Wages  £2  5s.  Od.  per  week,  with  lodgings 
and  coal  found. — Apply  by  letter,  giving  full  particulars  of  age. 
experience,  etc.,  to  Mrs.  McAEXHUR,  48.  Grosvenor  Road. 
rLondon,  S.W.I. 


EXTRAORDINARY   RESULTS 


FROM  A 
SMALL 
B,&P. 
GREEN- 
HOUSE 
No.  H49a 


Write  for  our 
Catalogue  of 
small  Green- 
houses &Gar- 
den  Frames. 


This  Illustration  of  our  B.  &  P.  No.  H.  49a 
Greenhouse  is  from  aphotographsuppliedby 
the  owner.  The  house  is  made  in  6  sections, 
making  possible  its  complete  erection  in 
three  to  four  hours.  The  sections  are  so 
arranged  that  the  house  can  be  dismantled 
without  removing  a  single  pane  of  glass. 

Size        C11     11  n        Supplied 

10' X  8'      QWOO     XX»     Vf*      from  Stock 

All  sent  ready  glazed  with  15  oz.  glass  and  painted  2 
coats,  with  bolts  and  screws  for  fixing.  Carriage  paid  to 
most  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales.  Supplied 
from  stock,  or  made  in  15',  20'  or  25'  lengths  to  order. 

The  bottom  illustration,  from  an  untouched  photograph 
of  interior,  shows  the  extraordinary  results  that  can 
be  obtained  with  reasonable  care  and  enthusiasm 
with  Greenhouse  No.  H.  49A.  This  house  and  stages 
were  supplied  from  stock,  and  we  had  no  intimation 
of  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  required.  With  a 
boiler  placed  in  the  wood  base  at  one  end  and  two  4" 
hot  water  pipes  along  one  side  and  one  end  only,  our 
amateur  produced  this  magnificent  display  of  orchids 
and  exotic  plants. 


l1^ 


oulton  emu 

LONDON     OFFtce  I 

rorL^N.NORw.cH     Chief  Of  ficc  &  Works    135.7,  qu£en  ncrom.sr. 


TBLBPHONS ■ 

NORWICH 


TBl-«™m..  ^^* 

NORWICH  :  iOUTIQUE,    CENTMl     lONMII 

■  ■'  Tei.pKon..    CEHTRAL    0643 


X. 


THE     GARDEN 


[April   23,    1921. 


SPECIAL     BARGAINS ! 


CLOGS 


AT  CUT 


We  give  details  hereof  a  special  line  of  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  to  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  surr  lus  stock,  made  up  for  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day— there's  no  time 
to  put  off. 

C524.     Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,  strong  wood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  uppers,  shape  as 
illustrated. 
Child's  sizes.  7,8,  9.  and  10,  5/6  for  3/11, 

postpaid 3/11 

Boys'  and  Girls*  sizes,  II,  12,  13,  and  1. 

6/6  for  4/11,  post  paid     4/11 

Youth's  and  Women's  sizes,  2,  3,  4,  and 

5.  7/11  for  5/11.  post  paid  5/11 

Women's  and  Men's  sizes.  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 

and  II,  8/11  tor  6/11.  post  paid  ...  6/1  1 

Irons  round  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  1,  9d. 

extra.     All  lar>;er  sizes.  1/3  extra. 

All  our  UKual  shapes  in  stock.    2  Buckle,  l-est  quality, 

8/11,  now  8/-  post  paid.    All  sizes  for  mt  n  and  women 

same  price.      Weltinjitons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 

an     Watertights  all  reduced  10  per  cent. 

Send  for   our  Calalogi4e  of  Foot- 


tiou'.      All  I 


1  Pric. 


WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


For. 
Shod 


^Bin^' 


FIG.   2.  FIG.  2. 

(Welted  Pattern).  (No-Welt  Pattern*. 

ONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS  USED. 
SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST!  MOST  ECONOMICAL;! 

Be&t  English  Leather  or  Rubber  Soles.      .' 
Used     in     (he     Royal     and     in     thousands    of     [he 

Principal    Gardens. 

Fig.  I,  can  be   re-soled   many   times  and  will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Silver  Medals  :— 

Royiil  Horticultural  Si>clety,  1904  and  1914 

Royal  International  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1912. 

HUNDRKDS    OF    TESTIMONIALS. 
Over  10,000  Sets  used  In  the  United  Kingdom. 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  from  the  Mahtrs  : 
H.  PATTISSON  &   Co..  Streatham,  London 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2iid  Edition  of  tiiis  popular  book  by  E.  H.  Jenkins,  7/6  net, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrated.  Published  at  tiie 
otBees  of  ' '  Codntry  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Oovent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

THE  MOST  PERFECT  •^  /■  ■  .^  _  GREENHOUSES. 

FERTILIZER  .     ^%#C    >« .  /  ...fMU^  1%  ■  A  GARDENS. 

^"^  ^titXrX^Gls^uO*^ ^ ^  ..LAWNS 6t 


THE  ONLY  Re'lIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY     PREPARED. 

In  the  form  ot  a  leaf- mould,  ready  for  use  at  my  time,  in  the  si  me  way,  and  for  .ill  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equ all inii  IScwts.).  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Vour  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
VVisley,  and  1  am  pUased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  Wii,KS,  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  Particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  Postcard. 
Wf  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLV  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -VQ 

Prices,  including  bags  :    Small  (about  1  b'lshel),  2/3  ;    Larile  (about  4  bushels).  6/-  ;    5  Large.  28/9  ;    10  Large,  55/-  ; 
20  Large,  100/-.         Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order*, 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARKN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'SEinP're  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Gu  iran- 
teed  Analysis  free.     Price,  including  bags— 

14  lb.  bag,  3/3  ;    56  lbs.,  11/6;    1  cwt.,  22/- 

Best   Yellow   Fibrous   Loam,   4/-.        Leaf  .Mould,   4/6.      Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 

Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.      Basic  Slag,  8/6.       Superphosphate,  1  2/6.      Bone 

.\leal,  22/-,       Kainit  1  1/6,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda  30/-  per  cwt. 

See  Free  Booklet  .Is  ahox'c  for  ftrices  of  sm^ilU'r  quantities,  also  other  floods. 

WAKELEY    BROS.     &    CO.,    LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,    LONDON,      S.E.I. 


"ACME" 
WEED    KILLER 

DESTROYS     WEEDS,     MOSS,     etc.,    ON 

CARRIAQE     DRIVES,     GARDEN 

WALKS,     ROADS,     «to. 

Awarded    Gold     .Med:il     .A  nRlo- American     Exhibition. 
Bronze   Med;il    Koyal    Horticultural   Society., 

POWDER    WEED    KILLER 

The  same  chemical  compound  as  the  liquid,  and  only 

needs  the  addition  of  water. 

Dlssolvas  Quickly  In  Cold  Water 

SIZE    OF    TINS. 

No.  X,  sufficient  to  make  Vlh  galls.,  2/-.  postage   9d. 

3/9       ..  1/- 

7/-       „  I/- 

1!/6        .,  1/6 

18/-.  post  free. 


25 
..      2.  ..  ,.  50 

.,     3,  .,  .,  100 

,.     4.  ..  ..  150 

Tins  free. 

Lawn    Sand — Kills   Daisies,  etc..    and   fertilises    the 
grass.     No  other  manure  necessary.      7  1b.,  2/5; 
,56  lb..  16/-. 
Soluble   Paraffin. — Mixes  instantly  with  water  and 
does   not  separate.       I    lb.,  2/9.  post  frte.      I  oz. 
sufficient  for  I  gallon  of  water. 
Arsenate  of  Lead  (Paste)  for  destroying  all  leaf-eating 
insects.  3/-  per  lb.,  post  free.     1  lb.  sufficient  for 
25  gallons  of  water. 
Extract  of  Quassia  Insecticide.— I  gallon,  5/-,  carriage 

paid  on  .^  gallons.     Pint.  2/6,  post  free. 
Compound  Extract  of  Quassia  Tobacco  Insecticide.— 
Pint,  2/6:    quart.  4?-.   post  fiee. 

THE  ACME  CHEMICAL  CO.    LTD., 

TONBRIDGE,     KENT. 


Looks  Well— Lasts  Long 

Plav«z  Roorins  Felt  a  frreat  ini- 
proTement  OQ  tarred  felt— ready  to 
lay  clean  to  handle — no  painting 
—  time  and  weather  proof.  Sold  by 
Hardware  Mercbanti  oTerywhere. 

Sahples     The  Ruberold  Co..  LtM. 
Free.  (Dpt.S).  Bl.Knlahtrider  St.,E.C. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Garden   shoold  have  its   Beehive 

Profitable,   easy  to    manage,   ant 
ensures  fertilization. 

Send    for    IlluKtrated    Catalogue    wit- 
Adi'ice  to  Beginners — Post  Free, 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 

Welvyyn,    Herts. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA"  Lawn  Sand.  Soilfumc. 
NicoTinc.tNSCCTiciocs.FuMEJts. Sprays.  AND  OTHER  Chemicals 
•ND  Sur«oRiLs    sec  List.  Please  ask  your  agckt  for  tre  lureka 

ARTICLES  -iHtY  ARE  ALWAYS  SATtSFACTOHT  IF  AMY  DIFFICULTY 
IN   OBTAINING    WE  SCNO   DIRECT.    CARRIAGE  PAID 


:TDMLINS0N  &  HAYWARD  LT'  LINCOLN. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

K"     K'     3? 

THE  BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL  POTS 

for   Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.   each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 

State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  list. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON.    LTD.. 

Royal     Potteries 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM 


"  COUNTRY     LIFE "     GARDENING     BOOKLETS. 
Each    9d.    nett,    by     Post     lid. 


on    Drying    in    tie    Oven   and   by    the    Kitchen 
Fire.      By  Herbert  Cowley. 


Antirrhinnms  and  Pentstemons. 

By  A.  J.  Macself. 
The  Greenhonse,  and  how  to  make  the  most  of  it. 

By  W.  Truei.ove. 
Vegetable     Growing.        By    Herbert    Cowley 

3rd  Impression. 

Storing  Vegetables  and  Frnits.    With  Chapters 

20,    TAVISTOCK    STREET,    COVENT    GARDEN,     W.C.2 


Froit  Bottling  and  Preserving.  Practical  and 
homely  recipes.  By  Mrs.  Edwin  Beckett. 
'2nd    Edition. 

Cnltivation  in  Movable  Frames. 

Cowley. 


By  Herbert 


THE 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


'ol.  LXXXV.— No.  2580. 

ntered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y..  Post  Office 


Saturday,    April   30,    1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17/4;    Foreign.    17'4 


FOR    CONTINUITY    OF     BLOOM     THE    MODERN 
ANTIRRHINUM     IS     ALMOST     UNRIVALLED. 


GLADIOLUS    PRIMULINUS   HYBRIDS 

A    BEAUTIFUL     NEW     RAGE    OF    GLADIOLI. 

Plant   now   for   AUGUST-SEPTEMBER   flowering. 

3    each    of    12    Beautiful     named     varieties,    21/- 

3  „  6  „  „  „  10/6 

Primulinus   (type),  beautiful  soft   Primrose-Yellow  Flowers,    lit.    2    to  3ft 
Per   100,  32/6  ;     per  dozen,  4/6. 

Full  Descriptive  Catalotiue,  free  on  application. 

BARR     &     SONS, 


11,      12      &     13,      KING      STREET, 
COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.0.2 


MERRYWEATHER'S  ROSES 


FOR   THE   GARDEN  ! 
FOR   BEDS! 


FOR  EXHIBITION! 
FOR  EVERYWHERE! 


Also   Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 


H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

ORCHIDS 

of    vigorous  babit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishmeot 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  warm  and   cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  GO., 


VERT'S  HOLLYHOCKS 

Chater's  Original  and  Unrivalled  Gold   Medal  Strain. 

Herbaceous  Borders  are  not  complete  without   this  stately  subject. 


We  offer,  for  April  planting,  strong  healthy  plants  to  pro- 
vide a  grand  panorama  of  gorgeous  colour  ranging  from  white 
to  almost  black  during  the  coming  Summer  and  Autumn. 

List  post  free  on  iipplication. 

JAMES  VERT  &  SONS,  SAFFRON  WALDEN,  ESSEX. 


11. 


THE     GARDEN. 


iApril  30,   1921. 


"THE    GARDEN      CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  tlie  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of  England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
ofall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS     AND    FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
tree 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxlniaa 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINb 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


J.  JEFFERIES  &  SON,  Ltd. 
Royal  Nurseries 
CIRENCESTER 


Cotswold  grown 
Vegetable&  Flower 
Seeds,  the  finest 
strains  obtainable 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The  finest  stock  in  the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.i 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All  Qarden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


HY.  RICHARDSON  &  CO., 
Skeldergate  Bridge  Works, 
YORK. 


Lawn,  Qarden, 
Fruit  Tree,  and 
Horticultural 
Fertilisers 


CORRY   &   CO.,   Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.   BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL    ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


■..andscape  and 
Qarden  Archl. 
tects,  specialise 
In  Rook,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Oueen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show,  1912. 


J.    CHEAL   &   SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Gardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No. :  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  meu  available,  and 

can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


PULMAM  ®  SOTS 

BY  APPOINTMENT  TO  MIS  M.XJE5TY 

71  NEWMAN  SI-aXTORDST- 
LONDON • w 

NUP^ERTE  S  ■  ELSENHAM  ESSEX 


CtWtsmcn  • 

Formal  Gardens  • 
Plaijjs«)5cin'iRys  ■ 
V's,3e5  •  Fountains  - 

Fibres -Sundioh  if 


Mr.  wm.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List   No.   42 

Post  Free 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  MOST  OF  IT.  A  new  and  piacticil  booklet  by  the  late 
W.  Tbcelove.  9d.  net ;  by  post,  lid.  Published  at  the 
Offices  of  Country  Life,  Ltd.,  20,  Tavist ock_ Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2 


Sa^cmHfSoo^  tie 


PELARGONIUMS     ZONAL 

Single,  Double,  and  Ivy  Leaved,  in  12  fine  varieties,  12/ 
per  dozen;    Yl  choice  varieties.   20/-  per  dozen.     Carriagt 

paid  for  cash  with  order. 

Catalogue  of  Florists'  Floicers  ami  Hardy  Border  Plant: 

free  on  af>pltcation  to 

JOHN      FORBES      (Hawick),      Limited, 

The     King's     Nurserymen, 

HAWICK,     SCOTLAND. 

Perpetual  Flowering 

CARNATIONS 

W'e  have  superh  stocks  of  all 
the  best  varieties  tor  Garden 
and  Greenhouse.  Prompt 
delivery  from  S-i-inch  Pots 
stnpped  and  broken.  The 
un.ifrmentioned  collections  are 
avai'able  at 

Carriage  &  Packing  Paid 
Prices    for    cash,    guaranteed 
stock  : — 

Coll.  No.  la.— 12  Distinct  CdC  Flower  Varieties  ...  24/- 
Coll.  No.  2a.-12    Distinct    Cut    Flower    Exhibition 

Varieties      27/6 

Coll.  No.  3a.— 100    Plants    in    twelve   best  distinct 

Varieties      150  - 

PLANTS    IN    6-in.    POTS    IN    BUD. 

W'e  have  limited  supplies  of  most  varieties — really  superb 
stock — which  we  can  offer  at  35/-  per  doz.,  carriage  extra. 
Will  flower  shortly,  and  continue  for  upwards  of  18  months. 

SURPLUS  BORDER  CARNATIONS  (for  Immediate  Planting) 

Thi^  season  is  getting  very  late  for  Border  Carnations  and 
we  have  only  small  surplus  stocks  to  clear.  Strictly  our 
selection  we  can  offer  at  — 

20/-  per  doz. Carriage  paid  for  Cash. 

70/-  for  50  Plants 

135/-  for  100  Plants | 

FiiUy  lUustiijtcil  and  Descriptive  Catalogue  gUnlly  sent  Post        ' 
Free  on  request. 

>  Wben  yoo  think  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


The  leading  Camatioo  Raisers  and  Specialists  in  the  World,  DepL  4. 

HAYWARDS       HEATH,       SUSSEX. 


APRIL    30,     I92I.] 


GARDEN. 


^cfcar,' 


FOR  SUMMER  FLOWERING,  —  Easily- 
grown,  clioice  strains  of  WEBBS'  POPULAR  ANNUALS. 
Per  packet :  Wliite  Carpot  Alyssum,  6d. ;  .Sunbeam  Calliopsis, 
6d.  ;  Snowflake  Candytuft,  8d.  ;  Annual  Mixiil  Chrysanthemum, 
4d.  and  8d. ;  Double  Mixed  Clarkia.  8d. ;  Choice  SUxed  Esch- 
scholtzia,  8d. ;  Choice  Mixed  Godetia,  8d.  ;  Ensign  Larkspur, 
8d.  and  1/-:  Leviathan  Mignonette,  1/-;  Dwarf  Blixed 
Nasturtium,  8d. ;  Selected  SWrley  Poppy,  8d.  and  1/- ; 
WEBBS'  COLLECTION  OF  HARDY  ANNUALS,  12 
varieties,  3/6.  Post  free.  Catalogue  free  on  request. — Webb 
&  Sons,  Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DRONS,  Azaleas.  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants 
Water  Lilies,  Border  Chrysanthemums,  Beddinti  Plants,  Dahlias, 
Violas,  etc.— John  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
Surrev,  Twyford,  Berks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND   GLAZING 

— •■  VITROLITE  "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tius,  3/6  each ;  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
— Full  particulars  from  Walter  Cakson  &  SONS,  Grove  Works, 
Battersea.     Agents  throughout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bult)s,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Reuthe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE. 

^■The     only     reliable    and    complete    substitute     for     Stable 
manure.    See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  Wm.  Duncan  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenliam,  N.15. 


LAWN  GRASS  SEED— RYDERS  MIXTURES 

for  all  purposes  —  for  Sunny  Lawns,  Shady  Lawns,  Putting 
Greens,  Tennis  Lawns,  Cricket  Grounds  and  Bowling  Greens. 
From  40/-  per  bushel ;  smaller  quantities  in  proportion.  Write 
for  list.— Ryder  &  Son  (1920),  Ltd.,  St.  AJbans. 

MINIATURE     JAPANESE     GARDENS     ^f 

growing  plants  for  table  decoration.  Also  Japanese  miniature 
figures,  pagodas,  gates,  etc.  Full  particulars  to  all  mentioning 
this  paper.— Ferrest  &  Ward,  84,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C.3. 


SCOTCH    SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlothian 
Early,  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6  ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6  ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6  ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Early,  4/6;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— TILLIE,  WhttE  &  Co.,  12,  Melbotime  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.    Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA   DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fiy,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
Insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/. ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MoDodgall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.    Established  1845. 


40,000  PAIRS  Men's  &  Women's  New  Leather 

CLOGS,  42/-  ppr  dozen,  assorted  sizes.    Only  half  to-day's  cost. 
— Taylors  Ltd.,  Norland  Ed.,  Notting  Hill. 


IF   YOU   WANT   TO   KNOW   the    best  new 

Chrysanth«niums,  Dahlias,  Fuchsias,  Michaelmas  Daisies,  the 
Fatuous  Earlham  Montbretias,  Gold  Medal  Phlox.  Violas.  Zona] 
Geraniums,  *^tc.,  etc.,  send  for  H.  J.  Jones'  Catalosue,  postfrte 
one  penny  stamp,  Ryecroft  Nurseries,  Ltwisham,  S.E.13 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants  in  Health 

and  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
7/6.  net,  by  post  8/-.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
■'  ConsTEY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistoolt  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR    BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  ■  140  pages.  40  illustration.*.  2/6  net ; 
cloth  3/6  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  Country  Lifb,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


A  FEW  CHOICE  DAFFODILS  FOR  SALE. 

List  on  application. — Gapt.  Hawker,  Strode,  Ermington,  Devon. 


BARR'S  FLOWER  &  VEGETABLE  SEEDS 

of  finest  selected  strains  and  tested  growth.  Descriptive 
Catalogue,  including  a  select  list  of  the  best  Scotch  and  English- 
grown  Seed  Potatoes,  free. 

BARR'S  SURPLUS  BULBS  for  APRIL  and 

May  planting,  including  Lilies,  Alstromerias,  Montbretias, 
Vallotas,  &c.,  at  greatly  reduced  prices.  Descriptive  List  free. — 
Bake  *  Sons,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 


THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  1  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  Douglas,  Great 
Bookham. 


JAMES  GRAY,  LTD.,  Builders  of  Conser- 
vatories, Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  <S:  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  Alters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — Willum  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Qrosvenor  Place.  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING   for   gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  keimel  railing  and  poultrj- 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufactlu-ers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921 ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application.— J.  W.  Cole  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  ;  McDocOALL 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1846 


RIVERS'   FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  \iew. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application  — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


LAXTONS'  SEEDS.— New  Catalogue  for  1921 

contains   all   the   latest    novelties   In    flowers  and    vegetables 

including  the  flne  new  Pea  Admiral  Beatty.  List  gratis  on 

application.     Pamphlet  on  Fruit  Culture  for  l}d.   postage. — 
Laxton  Brothers,  Bedford. 


PAVING.— Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens.  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  In  England. — Hodson  &  Son,  68,  Castlegate 
Nottingham. 


WELLS'     CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratlves  for  flowering  In  the  greenhouse, 
November  and  December,  5/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  In  the  garden  In  May,  to  bloom  from 
August  till  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  In  26  varieties  for  30/-. 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application. — W.  Wells  &  Co., 
Merstham,  Surrey. 


WATERBUTTS. — For  disposal  several  strong, 

sound,  cliestnut  wood  Wine  Casks,  about  120  gallons  capacity. 
20/-  lach,  net  cash,  f.o.b.,  London. — Fletcher,  Fletcher  & 
Co.,  Ltd..  Vibrona  Laboratories.  Holloway,  London,  N.7 


VIOLETS,    "Marie    Louise,"    good    clumps 

ready  for  division,  6/- a  doz. — Reeden's  School  of  G.irde.ninq, 
Newick,  Sussex. 


HOCKEY,    GOLF,    CROQUET   AND   LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


SUTTON'S  FLOWER  SEEDS. 

BEAUTIFUL     ANNUALS 

WORTHY  OF  A  PLACE  IN  EVERY'  GARDEN 

Visitors  to  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Show  of  Aug5ir24th 

last   will  remember  our  flne   exhibit  of  Annuals  which   was 

awarded  a  Gold  Medal. 

Collections  of  Hardy  Annuals,  5/6,  10/-,  16/-  20/- 
SUTTON  &   SONS,  THE  KING'S   SEEDSMISN,    READING. 


NOW  IS  THE  TIME  TO  PLANT  KELWAY'S 

LOVELY  GLADIOLI  for  spring  planting.  Our  reputation  as 
growers  of  these  beautiful  autumn-flowering  bulbs  extends  over 
a  period  of  sixty  years,  and  as  our  bulbs  are  of  our  own  erowine 
at  Langport,  customers  are  assured  of  flne  hardy  specimeiM  It  u 
unnecessary  to  remind  prospective  buyers  of  the  glorious  com- 
binations of  colour  which  are  now  obtainable,  more  especially  In 
our  Langpnm  strain,  but  we  should  ad\ise  writing  at  once  toi 
our  price  list  to  the  Retail  Plant  Department,  Kelway  &  Son 
Langport,  Somerset.  ' 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted,  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


BATH'S  SELECT  SEEDS  AND  PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeds 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  free  on  application 
Jpecial  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.)  R  H  Bath 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S       GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "  Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 


PLANTS.     List  free 


WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

.\ZALEAS.      List  tree.— R.  Wallace  &   Co.,  Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Timbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

piALS,     NESTING    BOXES.       Catalogue    (No.    4)    fi«e.— 
MooRTON,  6,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


RUSTIC    STONE     CRAZY     PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  etc.  Also  walllnt 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  Invited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  et*. — Glluam  (Garden  Dept.),  Wellesley  Couri 
Road,  Croydon. 

ALPINES    FOR    PRESENT    PLANTING.— 

Anemone  Pulsatilla,  Aster  sub-caenileus,  Corydalls  chellanthl- 
folia,  Erythraea  Massoni,  Hypericum  coris.  Mains  rugosus 
Phlox  reptans.  Primula  bulleyana,  P.  Julia),  Sax.  alzoon  pectlnata 
S.  Bathoniensis,  S.  Elizabethae.  Any  6,  4s.  9d. ;  12,  8s.  9d. 
Carriage  paid.  Catalogue  free. — Bowell  and  Skareatt 
Nurseries,  Cheltenham.  --. 


McDOUGALL'S   "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE   ■'  Sheets  "   tor  greenhouse   fumigation ;    safe,   effective 

and  economical.      Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc 

McDonOALL  BROS.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


GARDEN  NETS,— Prompt  Delivery.— 50  yds. 

by  4yds.,  stout,  24/- ;  flne,  16/6.  25yds.  by  8yds.,  stout,  26/- ; 
flne,  17/6.  Carriage  paid.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also 
Tennis  Boundary  Netting.  Cash  with  order. — The  Gockock 
KOPEWORK  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


PLANT  NOW,  PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS, 

strong  plants,  10/6  per  doz. ;  best  named  var.,  20/-  per  26, 
£3  IDs.  per  100,  cash  carriage  paid. — Vandee  Slcys,  F.R  H.S., 
Guernsey. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS    SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free.— Terry  Lee.  16,  Morden  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND    FRUITS  ; 

ivith  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Ov^n  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Qardtn).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "Country  Lite," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

by  A.  .T.  Maeself.  A  practical  booklet  on  tlx'  bi-st  methods 
of  cultivating  these  popular  flowers.  9d.  net;  by  post,  lid. 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  Country  Life,  Ltd.,  20,  Ta\istock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
be-autiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  LAURENCE  J.  COOK, 
is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  30,   1921. 


^llllllllllllllllllllllliJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllL 

I  RYDERS  \ 

I  COLLECTIONS  : 

=  of^the    Newest    and     Best    BORDER 

^  PLANTS  for   present   planting. 

=  CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 

^  One  each  of  the  following   excellent  sorts  for  i 

r:  9/".  carriage   paid  : — Almirante,  Alec  Coyle,  I 

~  Dick   Barnes.  Dorothy  Ashley.  Ena  Thorpe,  z 

Z2  Excelsior.   Goacher's   Bronze.    Goldfinch,   La  : 

zz  Garonne,    Miss  G.    K.    Thorpe,    Miss    Ethel  = 

^  Harvey  and  Pink  Profusion.  I 

~  One   plant  of  each  of  the  following  for  S/6.  i 

~  carriage     paid  : — Bronze    Normandie,   Champ  - 

~  D'Or.     Framfield     Early     White.     Goacher's  i 

—  Crimson,     James    Bannister,     Martin    Reed.  ^ 

^  Normandie,    Perle    Chatillionaise,  Polly,   Roi  : 

^  des  Blancs  Verona  and  Provence.  I 

=  RYDERS      DAHLIAS.                           " 


12  of  the  newest  and  best  Cactus  varieties. 

10/-.  carriage  paid. 
12    do.    Collarettes,  S/6,  carriage  paid. 
12    do.  3_Pomponcs  &  Singles  (6  of  each),  8/6, 
■Ml       Carriage  paid, 
do.     P:eony  &  Decorative  (6  of  each).  8/6, 
,1..  carriage  paid. 


12 


=  BEDDING     VIOLAS.  = 

^  In    distinct    colours: — Golden    Yellow,    Pale  =^ 

—  Yellow.  \\'hite.    Bronze,    Purple,    Dark    Blue,  ^ 

^  Light  Blue,  and  ALiuve;    splendid  plants  for  = 

=  bedding  or  borders.  50  foi-  6/6  ;   100  for  1 2/6  ;  = 

=  500  for  60/-  ;    1  .OUO  for  1 1 0/-.  ~ 

^  All  the  above  plants  are  especially  well  rooted,  =:: 

^  antJ  are  offered  packing  and  carriage   free.  r: 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  I 

=  SEEDS,   PLANTS.   BULBS,   TOOLS,   and   all   Sundries  of  = 

^  the  best  qnality  and  at  low  prices,  which  include  packing  u: 

~  and  carriage.     All  Lists  free  from  ^ 

I  RYDERS  (Seed Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS  | 

<  ftydcy  &  Son  I J920}  Ltd. )  ^ 

^iifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiminiiiiniiiiiiiiNiimniininniHiiinii^ 


GARDEN      NETTING. 

Strong  small  mesh.  50  by  1  yd.,  5  6;  50  by  2.  11  -  :  50  by  4, 
£1;  100  by  I  yd..  11/-:  100  by  2.  £1 :  25  by  8,  £1.  New- 
nettings,  ^-in.6d.;  do.  ij-in.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  steam, 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  1  quality,  7^d. ;  No.  2  quality,  fid. 
sqiia-e  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr.  paid.  pass,  train. 
I  liold  the  largest  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
Unired  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  \\'rite  for  large  list. 
W.   OLIVER  ALLEN.  Net  Maker.   Porthleven.    Cornwall 

Tf'i-i,''-.f'f(.s  .■   Oliver  MU'ii.   P.nthhvcu. 


VEGETABLES. 

A  Dress'ng  of  "Canary  Guano"  should  now 
be  applied  to  all  vegetables.  Speaking  gene- 
rally, vegetables  are  not  difficult  or  costly  to 
grow  and  very  little  trouble  is  experienced  in 
raising  fine  specimens  when  the  aid  of 
*' Canarv  Guano"   is  enlisted. 

Established  crops  should  receive  a  dressing 
of  "Canary  Guano,"  which  should  be  after- 
wards well  hoed  in, 

"  Canary  Guano  '  should  also  be  applied  to 
vine  borders. 

Cuano 

Obtainable  (rom  all  Seedsmen  in  Cartons,  1/- each. 
Bags.  7Ib.   3/6;   14  lb..  6/6;  28  1b.,  11'-:   56  lb.,  19-: 

1  cwt..  35/-,  each;    or  direct  fr-im  the  makers. 

Write  to-day  for  FREE  Booklet   Xn.    It.   con/.Ti"m<? 

full    particulars    or    Camtry    Guano,    -uit't    Gardcti 

Diary   fff  the   Year,  post  free    on  application. 

THE  CHEMICAL  UNION,  LtJ., 
IPSWICH. 

r^:^      -.r^    (My 


C" 


Not  a  Pen^  for  Paint" 

No  messy  t«rri«t«*tli«r.  Tim* 
aadwutliarvrt>*C-  Looks  wall 
—  lasts  loaar.  Ra&dr  to  Uy 
withoat  d«faL7.  SoM  br  Hard- 
ware  Merchants  eTcrrwhere, 

Samples     The  Ruberold  Co.,  Ltd. 

FRRF,    iDot.Sl    Sl.Kniehtridf    «,..R.r 


SHORT         DESCRIPTIVE         LIST 


OF 


HYBRID     FREESIAS 


WITH 


REVISED     PRICES 

FOR     EARLY     AUTUMN     DELIVERY. 

BOOK    NOVV^    TO    ENSURE    BEING    SUPPLIED. 


Per  Doz 
A.M 


Amelhyst,    soft     silvery    lilac,     white     throat, 

R.H.S 

Apogee,  pale  primrose,  larg?  and  wel    shaped  flowers, 

A.M..  R  H.S '       

\ppleblossoni,     bright     pink,     white     centre,     free 

flowering... 
artley  Rose,  rose  pink,  tall  and  very  free  flowerirg, 

A.M.,  R.H.S 

Blaebeard,   the  nearest  to  llue,    brown  markings  on 

throat 
Battercup,  pale  primrose,  strons  grower  large  flDwers, 

A.M.,  R.H.S 

Clonded   Amber,  appropriately    named,   ta  1    grjwer. 

very  sweet  sc?nted 
Cooqaest,  rose  rink,  very  free  flowering,  one  of  the  best 
i>alDty.  very  taM,  pale  pink,  deepening  with  age 
Giant,  grey  lilac,  orange  brown  blotch  on  lower  petals, 

tall  and  s'rong  grower 
Golden  King,  deep  golden  yellow,  tall,  a  very  free  and 

strong  grower.  A.M.,  R.H.S. 
Goldfincb.  deep  golden  yellow,  early.     A.M.,  R.H  S.   ... 

ALL    ORDERS    BOOKED 


Jnbilep,  white  suffused  carmine,  deeper  oustide,  very 

large  flowers 
La  Frappanle,  soft  1  \ender  blue,  with  white  throat... 
La  France,  lavender  mauve  with  white  throat,  a  large 

flower  and  strong  grower,  early,  A.M.,  R.H.S.     ... 
Le  Pbare,  bright  carmine,  deepening  with  age.  A.M., 

R.H.S.      ... 
Moaelte,  large  flowers  of  creamy  white  suffused  w  th 

rose,  the  colour  being  deeper  outside 
Preciosa,  lavender  blue  with  white  throat,  very  free 

flowering  ., 
Red  Beacon,  bright  carmine    ... 
Bobioetta,  the  neart  st  to  red,  >ellow  1-lotch  on. lower 

set-'nient.  the  best  of  its  colour.  A.M.,  R.H.S. 
Rosa  Bonhear,  bright  rose  with  deep  yellow  markings 
Sacess,  bright  golden  yellow    ... 
Treasare,  bright  yellow,  very  fine  large  flowers 
TabergenI,  carmine  with  white  throat,  free  flowering. 

A.M..  R.H.S 

12)6    Mixed,  all  colours 
10,6    Mixed  seedlings 


61- 
106 

8  6 
10/- 
12/- 

616 

S/6 
8'6 
lOi- 

6- 


816 
816 

12 

86 

816 

7/- 
6/- 

9/- 

61- 

9 - 

121- 

5/6 
46 
26 


SUBJECT    TO    CROP. 


G.  H.  DALRYMPLE,  The    Nurseries,    BARTLEY,  SOUTHAMPTON. 


Notes   From   Maidstone. 


APPLE     BLOSSOM. 


Very  seldom  have  our 
apple  trees  been  more  laden 
with  flower  til  an  this  season. 
In  our  trial  orchard  of  300 
varieties,  only  4  trees  are 
fiowcrless.  The  prospects 
of  a  good  apple  crop  are 
therefore,  so  far,  promising, 
and  those  who  would  like 
to  learn  a  little  more  about 
these  fruits,  and  also  Pears, 
should  purchase  "  The 
Handbook  of  Apples  and 
Pears,"  by  Mr.  E.  A. 
Bunyard,  ichich  any  book- 
seller will  supply  for  716, 
or  which  can  be  sent  by 
post  for  A'/-,    by  — 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


-^;i;:;  4 


■'Sr.' 

...••'■■.!.  J" 


Herbaceous  borders  may  be 
much  improved  at  a  very  slight 
cost  by  sowing  patches  of  hardy 
annuals  in  the  bare  places, 
taking  care  to  use  tall  subjects 
for  the  back  and  dwarf  ones 
for  the  front  of  beds.  The 
following  is  a  short  selection  of 
really  useful  hardy  annuals  for 
this  purpose : — 

ALYSSUM  procumbens,  U'hite 
carpet,  3d.;  CALLWPSIS 
bicolor  nana,  3d.  ;  Calliopsis 
Drummondii,  2d.  ;  Calliopsis 
Tom  ThumbBeauty,6d. :  Choice 
Mi.xed,  2d.:  CANDYTUFT, 
Giant  Hyacinth  fid.,  3d.  : 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  Morn- 
ing Star  and  Evening  Star,  3d. 
each;  CLARh'lA,  Salmon 
Queen,  Double  3d.  ;  and  Clarkia 
Elegans  Vesuvius,  3d. ;  GO- 
DETIAS,  in  variety,  3d  ; 
LIN  ARIA  Maroccana  excelsior 
mi.xture,  beautiful  little  flowers 
sliaped  like  Snapdragons,  3d.  ; 
NIGELLA,  MISS  JEKYLL, 
3d.;  SUNFLOWERS,  in  var., 
2d.  and  3d.;  VISCARIA, 
Fire  King,  very  fine,  6d. 

JR.  Pearson  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Lowdham, 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


m 


■fk< 

m 
m 


Km 


(:^l< 


% 


KS^'isi 


^"^^!^^j^- 


mmmmmmmm 


.■^sX^<€,^ 


No.  2580— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[April  30,  1921. 


IT  is  difficult  to  understand  why  almost  every 
garden  does  not  have  its  beehive.  Years 
ago  bee-keeping  was  considered  an  important 
rural  industry,  and  most  old-fashioned 
gardeners  had  an  apiary  to  ensure  the 
fertilisation  of  their  fruit  blossom  and  to  yield 
them,  in  addition,  their  winter's  supply  of  honey. 
Now  that  modem  hives  and  appliances  make 
management  and  handling  easy  for  the  most 
inexperienced,  the  beehive  should  again  take  its 
place  as  part  of  the  garden  equipment.  English 
honey  commands  a  good  price,  and  jolb.  to  loolb. 
is  no  exceptional  yield  from  one  hive,  while  double 
this  amount  has  on  occasions  being  reached. 
Xow  is  the  season  of  the  year  to  start  keeping  bees, 
and  no  time  should  be  lost  by  those  thinking  of 
taking  action  in  the  matter. 

Dwarf  Dahlias  for  Bedding.— On  page  213 
a  timely  arti  le  appears  on  p'anting  out  Dahlias. 
During  recent  years  one 
of  the  most  ^  interesting 
and  popular  subjects  for 
summer  bedding  has 
been  the  dwarf  type  of 
Dahlia.  For  large  beds 
in  public  parks  or  gardens 
it  has  proved  its  worth, 
particularly  the  single 
Bc^rlet  variety  named 
Coltness.  This  brilliant 
little  Dahlia  immediately 
attracts  attention.  1 1 
has  been  used  with  hnt 
effect  in  the  handsome 
beds  at  Queen's  Park, 
Glasgow,  and  has  been 
universally  admired.  C>f 
easy  culture,  dwarf  Dah- 
lias are  far  more  showy 
than  Geraniums  and  re- 
quire infinitely  less  work 
n  raising.  Growing  only 
to  a  height  of  i8  inches, 
they  are  of  bushy  habit 
and  require  no  staking. 
They  are  equally  useful 
and  effective  when  used 
as  dot  plants  through 
a  carpet  of  the  Little 
Dorrit  Sweet  Alyssum  or  white    Begonias. 

Sowing  Hardy  Annuals.— Where  it  is  in- 
tended to  sow  annuals  in  the  open  the  beds 
must  be  prepared  at  the  first  favourable  oppor- 
tunity. Readers  cannot  have  failed  to  benefit 
from  the  many  good  articles  on  annuals  which 
have  appeared  'in  recent  issues.  When  well 
selected  and  wisely  grouped  hardy  annuals  are 
delightful  subjects,  especially  on  a  soil  that 
suits  thera,  but  on  cold,  clayey  soils  the 
results  are  often  disappointing.     To  remedv  this, 


introduce,  if  possible,  a  surface  dressing  of  old 
potting  soil,  which  may  be  put  through  a  half-inch 
sieve  to  rid  it  of  rough  material.  This  finer  soil 
assists  in  quicker  germination,  while  slugs  are  not 
quite  so  troublesome. 

The  New  Pink  Daffodil.- We  are  asked  to 
state  that  the  beautiful  new  deep  pink  crowned 
Daffodil  described  in  our  issue  of  April  i6,  page  190, 
and  shown  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Daffodil  .Show  on  April  5  and  6  was  raised  by  the 
late  Mrs.  Bacldiouse  of  The  Court,  Sutton  St. 
Nicholas,  Hereford,  and  that  it  is  Mr.  R.  O. 
Backhouse's  desire  that  the  seedling  should  bear 
the  name  of  Mrs.   R.   O.   Backhouse. 

Planting  Bamboos. — The  hardy  varieties  of 
this  plant  may  be  planted  almost  at  any  time  from 
October  to  May,  providing  the  weather  and  soil 
are  favourable,  but  the  end  of  April  is  perhaps 
the  most  suitable.     In  making  a  new  planting,  the 


UNUSUAL    BEDDING    PLANTS  :     MIGNON    DAHLIAS    IN    AN     OLD    ENGLISH    GARDEN. 


site  chosen  should,  if  possible,  be  sheltered  trom 
strong  cutting  winds  and  one  offering  partial  shade 
is  favourable,  although  the  Bamboo  will  thrive  in 
full  sun  if  the  plants  do  not  lack  root  moisture 
until  thoroughly  established.  It  is  a  good  plan  to 
always  water  Bamboos  soon  after  planting,  even 
during  winter  months,  so  that  the  soil  may  get 
well  settled  round  the  roots.  Established  planta- 
tions should  now  be  trimmed  up  and  dead  or 
decaying  portions  removed,  and  where  plants  are 
weakly,  a  mulching  of  manure  should  be  given. 


The  Judging  of  Vegetables.— At  the'^  last 
monthly  meeting  of  the  Twickenham  and  District 
Horticultural  Society  Mr.  Montague  of  Ham 
House  Gardens  gave  a  lecture  on  "  The  Judging 
of  Vegetables."  The  lectmrer  severely  criticised 
the  proposal  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
on  judging.  After  lengthy  discussion  the  followmg 
resolution  was  unanimously  carried :  "  That  this 
Society  strongly  protests  against  the  proposal 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  to  invite  chefs 
to  judge  vegetable  exhibits.  That  it  constitutes 
an  attack  on  the  abilities  of  those  capable  gardeners 
who  have  hitherto  performed  these  duties,  and  it 
is  deeply  resented  by  professionals  and  amateur 
gardeners  and  allotment  holders  alike." 

A  Useful  Border  Plant.— Tiarella  unifoUata 
is  a  quite  distinct  species  from  T.  cordifolia  in 
that  it  is  very  much  taller  and  bolder  and  it  does 
not  "  run."  The  flower-spikes,  which  have  a 
good  deal  more  red  in 
their  creamy  white  than 
those  of  the  common 
Foam  Flower,  ascend  to  a 
height  of  2ft.  and  last 
many  weeks.  The  foliage 
is  large  and  handsome, 
but  the  leaves  do  not 
appear  to  assume  such 
fine  autumn  tints  as  do 
those  of  T.  cordifolia.  To 
ensure  the  best  results 
with  T.  imifoliata  the 
plant  needs  deep  cultiva- 
tion and  a  cool  soil  into 
which  has  been  mixed  a 
liberal  quantity  of  leaf- 
mould  and  old  cow 
manure.  A  few  half 
bricks  or  stones  set  into 
the  root-run  will  prove 
advantageous.  Under 
such  conditions  and  in 
half-shade  T.  unifoUata 
makes  a  fine  border  plant. 
Two  Attractive 
Antirrhinums.— Of  the 
many  new  Antirrhinums 
two  at  least  should  find 
a  home  in  many  gardens, 
viz..  l.ady  Roberts  and  Sybil  Eckford.  both 
received  awards  of  merit  in  the  Wisley  Trials.  The 
former  is  a  fine  primrose  self,  and  the  latter  delicate 
apricot  pink  on  a  cream  ground,  the  colour  resemb- 
ling the  old  favourite  Sweet  Pea  of  this  name. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 

.May  2. — Nottingham  and  Notts  Chrysanthemum 
Society  s  Meeting. 

May  3.  —  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural 
Society's  Meeting. 


212 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  30,  192 1. 


BIG-BUD"    OF    BLACK    CURRANTS 

The  Sprifjg  is  the  Most  Vulnerable  Period  in  the  Life  of 
this  Pest.      Take  Action  Now. 


THE  so-called  big-bud  disease  is  well 
known  to  those  who  grow  Black  Currants 
practically  all  over  the  country.  It  is 
a  very  serious  pest  once  it  gets  estab- 
lished, as  it  spreads  with  great  rapidity, 
and  in  many  cases  it  has  been  found  necessary 
to  destroy  whole  plantations  that  have  become 
infested  with  it. 

Big-bud  is  due  to  a  mite  known  as  Phytoptus 
ribls,  belonging  to  the  family  of  Eriophyidae,  or 
gall  mites.  The  mite  itself  is  invisible  to  the 
naked  eye,  but  its  presence  is  easily  detected  by 
the  unnatural  swelling  of  the  infested  buds  (see 
Fig.  i).  These  become  greatly  enlarged  and 
rounded  in  shape  instead  of  being  pointed  like  the 
healthy  ones. 

When  the  normal  buds  burst  into  leaf  in  the 
spring    the    infested    ones    remain    unopened    and 


and  particularly  the  hind  pair,  help  the  mite  in 
its  movements  within  the  bud  and  outside. 

The  mites  live  in  the  buds  diu'ing  the  autumn, 
winter  and  early  spring,  feeding  on  the  embryo 
leaves  and  blossoms  within,  and  the  irritation 
they  cause  produces  the  "gall"  or  abnormal 
growth  referred  to.  Thus  they  are  protected 
throughout  the  winter,  and  even  severe  frost  has 
no  effect  on  them. 

When  the  affected  buds  begin  to  shrivel  up  in 
the  spring,  the  mites  commence  to  leave  them 
and  nugrate.  This  is  obviously  the  most  vulner- 
able period  of  their  life,  beginning  towards  the  end 
of  April  and  continuing  till  the  middle  of  June. 
During  this  period  large  numbers  may  f^"  found 
wandering  over  the  shoots  and  congregating  at 
the  base  of  the  leaves,  where  they  eventually 
make  their  way  into  the  young  buds  which   are 


Spraying  during  the  dormant  season  with  a 
strong  winter  wash  containing  lo  per  cent,  of 
carbolic  acid  has  met  with  good  success.  This 
penetrates  the  big-buds  and  destroys  them,  mites 
and  all,  but  does  not  affect  the  healthy  ones. 

.\s  regards  prevention,  the  chief  thing  is  to  plant 
only  healthy  bushes,  carefully  e.\ainining  them 
and  rejecting  any  that  show  the  slightest  sign  of 
being  infested.  All  cuttings  for  planting  should 
be  taken  from  bushes  which  are  known  to  be  free 
from  this  pest ;  otherwise,  although  no  swollen 
buds  are  seen,  it  is  quite  possible  that  some  of  the 
mites  are  present.  Ray  Palmer,  F.E.S. 


THE  IMPORTANCE  OF 
NETTING    FRUITS 

The  reply  to  "  L.  F.  B.,"  Woking,  on  page  iq5, 
is  of  much  interest  and  bears  on  a  point  of  con- 
siderable importance  to  fruit-growers.  In  many 
districts  birds  are  so  numerous  and  so  voracious 
that    unless    an    admirable    protective    device    is 


._Si 


12  34 

Fig.  I . — I  and  2,  Healthy  shoots  ;    3 
by  the  mite. 


to  6, 


S  6 

Shoots  attacked 


Fig.    2. — Section     across    a    "big-bud," 
showing  mites   within    (greatly  enlarged). 


Fig.  3. — Currant  gall 
mite  (highly  magnified). 


eventually  shrivel  up.  If  only  a  few  mites  are 
present,  the  buds  sometimes  open,  though  much 
later,  but  only  produce  stunted  and  deformed 
leaves,  which  shrivel  up  in  early  summer. 

If  one  of  these  big-buds  is  cut  across  and 
examined  with  a  microscope,  it  will  be  found  to 
contain  large  numbers  of  white  or  cream-coloured 
mites  (see  Fig.  2).  These  are  very  minute,  being 
only  one-hundreth  of  an  inch  long,  but  are  easily 
seen  with  a  low  power  microscope,  or  even 
with  a  powerful  hand  lens,  though  it  needs  a  high 
power  to  observe  their  structure.  Their  form 
can  be  seen  from  Fig.  3.  The  body  is  elongated 
and  cylindrical  in  shape,  tapering  gradually 
towards  the  tail  end.  There  are  two  pairs  of  short, 
thick  legs  situated  near  the  head,  each  of  which 
carries  several  biistles,  and  a  finely  feathered 
claw  at  the  extremity.  There  is  a  short  snout, 
and  the  upper  surface  of  the  front  part  of  the  body 
is  covered  with  a  kind  of  shield  marked  with  a 
series  of  ridges  and  furrows.  The  body  is  com- 
posed of  a  large  number  of  rings  or  segments, 
having  numerous  little  projections  on  them. 
There  are  also  five  pairs  of  bristles,  as  can  be  seen 
from  the  illustration,  the  longest  pair  springing 
from   the   tail   end.     Probably    all  these   bristles. 


forming  for  next  year.  Once  inside,  the  females 
proceed  to  deposit  their  eggs,  which  are  very 
numerous,  and  by  the  end  of  August  the  buds,  full 
of  young  mites,  show  the  characteristic  swollen 
appearance. 

It  is  generally  useless  to  attempt  remedies  on 
bushes  which  are  very  badly  attacked  ;  the  only 
thing  is  to  grub  up  and  burn  them.  Where  the 
attack  is  not  so  severe  some  good  may  be  done 
by  spraying  the  mites  during  the  migrating  season 
with  lime-sulphur  solution,  or  dusting  or 
"dry  spraying"  with  a  mixture  of  lime  and 
sulphur.  To  be  effective  this  must  be  done 
several  times  during  May  and  early  June.  Some 
growers  say  that  spraying  with  arsenate  of  leail 
has  good  results. 

In  gardens  and  small  plantations  the  swollen 
buds  could  be  picked  off  and  burnt,  but  this  could 
not  very  well  be  done  on  a  large  scale.  Infested 
bushes  should  be  pruned  very  severely  and  care 
taken  to  burn  all  the  prunings  immediately,  as 
the  mites  begin  to  move  about  as  soon  as  they  are 
disturbed.  For  the  same  reason  it  is  well,  when 
picking  off  the  buds,  to  drop  them  into  a  tin  of 
paraffin  as  picked,  and  so  prevent  the  escape  of 
the  mites. 


chosen  they  take  a  toll  which  is  out  of  all  pro- 
portion to  the  good  work  tliey  do  at  other  seasons. 
Their  power  of  finding  ingress  through  netting 
that  is  supposed  to  be  penetrable  by  air  and 
water  only  is  positively  uncanny.  The  most 
popular  material  for  covering  small  fruits  is 
tanned  netting  and.  as  generally  arranged,  nothing 
could  be  more  unsatisfactory.  It  is  more  or  less 
securely  attached  to  uprights,  and  to  gain  admission 
the  grower  has  to  stoop  and  raise  tlie  curtain  ; 
the  uncomfortable  stooping  position  must  be 
maintained  as  long  as  one  remains  within.  On 
emerging,  the  curtain  is  supposed  to  be  effectively 
closed,  but  all  too  often  it  continues  in  the 
supposition  state  and  does  not  materialise  to  a 
fact.  As  far  as  human  eye  can  see  there  is  no 
breach,  but  the  birds  find  one  and  enjoy  the 
feast  which  their  wisdom  has  earned  for  them. 

In  my  opinion  the  one  method  of  protecting 
small  fruits  from  birds  is  by  cages  of  small  mesh 
wire-netting.  These  should  be  built  in  sections 
varying  in  size  with  the  area  and  shape  to  be 
enclosed  ;  there  should  be  a  door  properly  con- 
structed and  hung  (two  if  the  cage  is  a  big  one)  ; 
and  the  whole  of  the  roofing  wire  should  be  detach- 
able,  so   that   it   may  be   rolled   up   for  removal 


April  30,   192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


213 


easily  and  quickly  when  it  has  served  its  purpose. 
The  one  objection  which  lias  substance  is  that 
of  initial  expense.  Wood  for  the  frames,  wire- 
netting,  paint  for  the  preservation  of  wood  and 
wire,  and  labour  are  all  costly.  Against  this 
must  be  set  long  life  and  efficiency.  The  fact 
that  drips  cause  injury  to  growths  is  a  disability 
and  nothing  more.     There  is  always  an  element 


of  danger  with  galvanised  wire,  whether  it  be 
in  the  form  of  strands  or  netting,  but  thorough 
painting  renders  this  negligible,  if  not  non-existent. 
Lead  paint  is  excellent  for  the  woodwork,  but  it 
is  nearly  valueless  for  galvanised  work  of  any 
kind.  For  this  the  comparatively  harder  zinc 
paint  must  be  used.  Two  good  coats  will  pre- 
serve  the  wire  for  years.  W.  H.  Lodge. 


The    Best    Methods    of    Planting    Dahlias 

The  Right  Treatment  of  Pot  Plants  on  their  Arrival  from  the  Nursery. 


Now  that  the  season  is  so  far   advanced 
and   we   are  about   to  make  our   final 
selection    of    annual    or 
bedding  flowers  it  may 
be  helpful  to    some    to 
give  a  few  hints  upon  the  planting  ' 

and  culture  of  the  Dahlia.  In  the 
first  place  let  me  assure  readers 
that  the  Dahlia  is  no  longer  confined 
to  that  class  whose  blossoms 
persist  in  looking  towards  the  earth 
so  that  all  their  beauty  is  hidden 
by  such  a  display  of  modesty ; 
neither  are  we,  happily,  confined 
to  the  huge  rosette  flowers  of  two 
decades  ago.  Like  most  other 
races  of  plants,  the  Dahlia  has 
been  improved  almost  out  of 
recognition,  and  it  is  probable  that 
some  of  the  skilful  cultivators  of 
twenty-five  years  ago  would  hardly 
recognise  the  modern  types  as 
being  the  offspring  of  their  old 
favourites.  To-day  we  may  make 
our  choice  from  a  number  of 
different  types  or  classes,  a  few  of 
which  I  will  enumerate. 

The  Cactus  Dahlia,  now  to  be 
obtained  in  almost  every  shade  of 
flower  except  blue,  the  flowers 
of  which  in  many  cases  are 
equal  in  shape  to  a  Japanese 
Chrysanthemum  and  in  most 
cases  are  borne  upon  stiiJ.  up- 
right stems. 

For  massing  effects  where  a 
wealth  of  colour  is  required  either 
of  the  two  classes  known  as 
Psony-flowered  or  Decorative  may 
be  used  to  very  great  advantage, 
and  as  many  of  these  grow  to  a 
height  of  5ft.  or  more  they  may 
be  used  as  a  background  to 
dwarfer  plants,  or  grouped  together 
where  plants  of  less  vigour  would 
be   useless. 

Star  Dahlias  are  certainly  the 
most  striking  introduction  of  the 
past  few  years,  and  as  this  type 
is  of  such  great  value  as  a  cut 
flower  it  is  quite  safe  to  say  that 
no  garden  should  be  without  a  few 
of  these.  For  the  benefit  of  any 
who  may  not  know  this  valuable 
plant  may  I  say  that  for  freedom 
of  blossom  and  lasting  qualities 
these  Dahlias  are  without  an  equal 
in  late  summer  and  autumn. 
They  may  be  obtained  in  pure 
white,  yellow,  orange,  scarlet, 
pink  and  many  intermediate  shades 
which  can  hardly  fail  to  satisfy 
the  most  fastidious  taste ;  more- 
over, the  flowers  are  bonie  on  stems 


which  resemble  wire    rather   than  a  Dahlia  stem. 
Perhaps     the     most     neglected     t>'pe    of    Dahlia 


A    BED    OF    DAHLIAS     BY    THE    LAKE    SIDE. 
The  advantage  of  bold  grouping  is  here  plainly  seen 


is  the  beautiful  dwarf  form  known  as  Mignon 
and  it  can  safely  be  said  that  these  may  be  used 
for  bedding  purposes  in  any  place  or  position 
where  the  ordinary  Geranium  or  Calceolaria  is 
so  commonly  used.  The  flowers  are  single, 
about  sins,  in  diameter,  and  produce  a  wealth 
of  blossom  long  after  many  bedding  plants  are 
spent. 

Other  types  having  very  useful  decorative 
qualities  are  the  Single,  Collarette,  Pompon  and 
Show. 

With  regard  to  the  time  of  planting  out.  I 
would  say  without  hesitation  that  the  best  time 
for  most  districts  is  the  end  of  May.  In  warm 
and  sheltered  districts  it  may  be  safe  to  plant 
about  the  middle  of  May,  but  in  cold  localities 
or  in  the  northern  counties  the  first  week  of  June 
is  quite  soo.i  enough  for  this  work  to  be  taken 
in  hand. 

The  plants  are  usucilly  sent 
from  nurseries  in  small  pots 
about  sins,  in  diameter  (or,  to 
save  railway  carriage,  turned  out 
of  such  pots).  Should  the  plants 
arrive  before  the  proper  date 
for  planting,  the  best  position 
for  them  is  a  cold  frame.  If 
such  accommodation  is  not  avail- 
able the  plants  should  be  placed 
in  as  sunny  a  position  as  possible 
and  covered  over  at  night  with 
an  empty  box  or  other  similar 
shelter ;  this  covering  should  be 
placed  in  position  at  sundown  each 
evening. 

In  the  selection  of  a  site  it 
should  be  borne  in  mind  that 
the  Dahlia  revels  in  sunshine, 
but  at  the  same  time  a  situation 
which  is  sheltered  from  the  east 
is  often  an  advantage,  as  plants 
in  such  position  often  escape  the 
earliest  autumn  frost. 

In  planting  out  the  small  plants 
it  is  very  necessary  to  remember 
the  rapid  development  of  the 
Dahlia.  Very  strong  growing 
varieties  require  to  be  4ft.  apart 
each  way ;  most  others  require 
not  less  than  3ft.  of  space  each 
way.  and  it  is  only  quite  the 
small  growing  varieties  that 
should  be  nearer  than  this 
distance. 

In  manuring,  it  should  be 
remembered  that  the  plants  are 
gross  feeders,  and  as  they  also 
require  abundant  moisture  the 
best  form  of  manure  is  undoubtedly 
cow  manure ;  this  supplies  not 
only  food,  but  retains  much  of 
the  moisture  so  necessary  for 
their  free  growth.  If  the  season 
is  very  dry  copious  watering  is 
desirable  about  once  each  week 
until  the  plants  are  thoroughly 
strong  and  able  to  take  care  of 
themselves. 

Before  concluding,  I  would  point 
out  the  essential  need  of  a  good 
stout  stake  to  each  plant,  and 
in  very  wind-swept  positions  a 
triangle  of  three  stakes  round 
the  plants  is  a  very  great  pro- 
tection ;  this  prevents  the  side 
branches  from  being  broken  out. 
It  is  unneccessary  for  me  to 
give  a  selection  of  varieties,  as 
this  can  be  obtained  from  any 
catalogue.  S. 


214 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  30,  1921. 


ANTIRRHINUMS    AS    ANNUALS 

By  Putting  out  early  sown  Plants  at  this  Season  the  Snapdragon 
gives  Wonderful  Results. 


THAT  the  Antirrhinum  is  a  perennial  in 
nature  is  unquestioned,  and  as  such  it 
was  grown  not  many  years  ago.  Cuttings 
were  inserted  in  cold  frames  in  the 
auturan  as  the  correct  method  of  perpetua- 
tion. Next  it  was  grown  as  a  biennial  from 
summer-sown  seeds  with  excellent  results. 
There  were,  and  are,  however,  thousands  of 
amateurs  to  whom  neither  of  these  systems 
makes  direct  appeal.  Then  came  the  proposition 
that  they  should  be  cultivated  as  annuals,  and 
we  have  to  thank  such  great  firms  as  Sutton's, 
Debbie's,  and  Webb's  for  the  wonderful  success 
which  has  been  achieved  in  this  direction.  Seeds 
from  reliable  sources,  fortunately  plentiful,  a 
little  heat  and  thoughtful  care  in  the  details 
of  management  alone  are  required  to  ensure 
flowers  of  exquisite  colours  from  July  onwards 
to  the  end  of  September  in  any  garden  in  the 
land.  Three  months  of  continuous  blossom 
should  satisfy  !  And  the  season  may  be  prolonged. 
My  original  idea  was  to  speak  of  planting  out. 
Let  us  return  to  our  muttons.  When  the  stock 
was  raised  from  cuttings  and  summer-sown  seeds 
March  was  chosen  wisely  as  the  month  for  transfer- 
ence to  flowering  quarters,  and  with  this  phase 
of  the  matter  it  were  waste  of  much  wanted  space 
now  to  deal.  Our  work  must  be  of  the  future, 
not  of  the  past.  It  is  assumed  that  the  seeds 
were  sown  thinly  in  gentle  heat  in  February 
and  the  rewards  of  judicious  management  arc 
manifest  in  the  form  of  sturdy  seedlings  in  frames. 
They  are,  doubtless,  being  dealt  with  imder  more 
or  less  Spartan  rules,  according  to  the  courage  of 
the  grower.  Nothing  can  be  gained,  and  much 
may  be  lost,  by  excessive  kindness  ;  on  the  other 
hand,  the  gain  in  results  by  a  little  hardness, 
provided  that  it  is  governed  by  reason,  is  immense. 
Anyway,  it  is  a  point  for  individual  solution, 
for  the  plants  must  be  thoroughly  hardened. 

Accepting  the  fact  that  the  soil  is  the  most 
mportant  thing  in  the  universe  and  treading  the 
orthodox  gardening  path,  it  shall  be  spoken  of 
first.  Whether  we  call  our  immediate  subjects 
Antirrhinums  or  Snapdragons  is  not  materially 
important,  but  it  is  of  paramount  importance  to 
realise  that  they  are  among  the  least  fastidious 
of  plants.  Where  there  is  a  cultivable  depth  of 
8ins.,  with  plenty  of  light  and  a  modicum  of  fresh 
air,  they  will  flourish.  This  is  tantamount  to 
saying  that  there  is  no  garden  in  the  country  in 
which  they  will  not  grow  and  flower.  That  they 
have  partialities  cannot  be  questioned,  but  after 
growing  them  in  the  ordinary  soil  of  a  London 
backyard,  in  Bagshot  sand  and  Farnham  marl, 
in  Banstead  and  Kettering  loams,  in  a  forked-over 
sandy  path,  and,  as  now,  in  a  loving  clay  over 
Oxford  clay  of  unknown,  and  personally  un- 
investigated, depth  and  concluding  in  each 
instance  that  the  last  has  always  appealed  to  us 
as  quite  as  good  as  the  best,  I  have  failed  to  reach 
a  decision  as  to  what  the  ideal  really  is.  Natural 
manures  and  concentrated  plant  foods  of  divers 
kinds  have  been  employed  and,  except  where  the 
last  named  have  been  experimentally  given  with 
more  generosity  than  wisdom,  always  to  satis- 
faction. Thus  I  have  come  to  regard  them  as 
most  unfastidious,  accommodating  plants. 

Two  points  are  always  acknowledged  to  be 
essential,  and  they  are  intimately  associated — 
firmness  of  the  soil  and  abundance  of  space.  In 
the  actual  planting  the  soil  is,  unless  it  is  clay  on 
the  wet  side,  trodden  hard  down  to  the  roots,  to 
the  encouragement  of  stocky  growth  and  abundant 


strong  branches.  It  is  more  difficult  to  decide 
the  precise  distances,  since  there  is  undisputably 
some  variation  of  vigour  on  different  grounds, 
but  in  no  circumstances  should  I  place  the  plants 
closer  than  ijins.  in  all  directions,  and  the  finest 
display  I  have  had  with  the  Intermediate  group 
came  with  plants  set  iSins.  all  ways.  In  some 
conditions  i  sq.  ft.  might  be  found  ideal,  while 
in  others  even  ij  sq.  ft.  might  be  exceeded  with 
compensating  advantages. 

The  time  of  planting  must  necessarily  be  governed 


its  discussion,  save  to  say  that  I  should  throw  all 
mixtures  by  the  board  except,  perhaps,  in  a  wild 
garden,  and  this  I  have  never  possessed.  Modern 
colourings  in  the  great  groups  into  which  Antir- 
rhinums are  now  divided  are  so  exquisite  in  their 
delicacy  and  so  "nice"  in  their  gradations  that 
only  a  born  artist  can  mingle  them  successfully, 
and  I  find  myself  much  safer  in  massing. 

Horace  J.  Wright. 


A  Sweet-Scented  Gladiolus 

The  earliest  of  all  Gladioli  to  flower  is  the  dainty 
and  refined  species.  Gladiolus  tristis ;  it  would 
be  welcome  at  any  season  owing  to   its   fragrance 


but     i: 
doors. 


especially     so 
1    April,   before 


THE    EARLIEST     GLADIOLUS    TO    FLOWER    (g.    TRISTIS) 


by  the  weather  and  personal  conveniences,  but  if 
a  firm  choice  could  be  made  I  should  plump  for 
the  last  week  of  April  and  the  first  week  of  May. 
That  the  latitude  is  wide,  however,  I  have  proved 
to  the  point  of  demonstration.  Just  how  early 
February-raised  seedlings  can  be  planted  I  do  not 
know — a  start  has  been  made  as  early  as  the 
second  week  of  April  and  as  late  as  the  third  week 
of  June,  the  former  with  conspicuously  good 
results  and  the  latter  with  satisfaction,  though, 
of  course,  the  flowering  period  was  considerably 
curtailed.  (It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  here 
that  in  the  last-named  case  the  seeds  were  sown  in 
a  cold  frame  occupying  a  very  warm  situation 
at  the  end  of  March  with  Asters,  Ten-week  Stocks, 
Zinnias  and  other  half-hardy  annuals). 

The  disposition   of   the  colours  is   so  purely   a 
matter  of  personal  taste  that  I  shall  not  attempt 


when  it  flowers  out- 
any  of  the  varieties  of 
the  early  -  flowering 
class  have  begun  to 
bloom.  The  flowers 
are  pale  yellow  in 
colour,  gracefully 
poised  on  a  slender  but 
wiry  stem  about  aft. 
high.  They  are  evi- 
dently adapted  for 
fertilisation  by  night- 
flying  moths,  since  the 
powerful  scent  is  only 
exhaled  late  in  the  day. 
The  scent  has  been 
compared  with  that  of 
Magnolias,  but  it  is 
perhaps  more  sugges- 
tive of  Stocks  or 
Rockets.  Many  flowers 
would  be  too  strong 
for  a  small  room,  but 
a  single  stem  with 
three  or  four  blooms  on 
it  is  delightful. 

The  foliage  of  G. 
tristis  is  remarkably 
rush-like  and  practi- 
cally evergreen.  It  is, 
unfortun  a  t  e  1  y,  not 
quite  hardy  in  cold 
districts  and  does  not 
lend  itself  kindly  to 
the  usual  practice  of 
drying  off  the  corms. 
I  have  a  small  clump, 
planted  in  the  autumn 
of  1919  at  the  foot  of 
a  south  wall,  which 
flowered  but  sparsely 
last       spring ;  this 

year  they  sent  up  a 
number  of  strong 
flower-stems  and  the 
first  flower  opened 
on  April  8.  It  is 
evidently  a  species  which  likes  to  be  left  to  become 
thoroughly  established.  Seeds  should  form  a 
ready  means  of  increase,  and  it  would  perhaps 
be  worth  while  to  try  to  cross  the  flowers  with 
pollen  of  G.  cardinalis  and  other  varieties  which 
could  be  brought  on  early  under  glass.  A  race 
of  very  early  and  fragrant  Gladioli  in  different 
colours  would  be  a  valuable  acquisition  to  our 
gardens.  Gladiolus  tristis  is  apparently  a  very 
variable  species  itself  (or  possibly  has  many  local 
forms  in  different  parts  of  South  Africa)  ;  the 
form  I  grow  is  known  as  G.  tristis  concolor  and 
has  no  markings  at  all,  but  varieties  with  purple 
lines  on  the  upper  segments  are  said  to  be  well 
known.  It  is  strange  that  such  an  attractive 
and  interesting  bulbous  plant  should  be  so  seldom 
seen  even  where  choice  plants  are  prized. 
Somerset.  N.  G.  Hadden. 


April  30,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


215 


The    Polyanthus    as    a    Bedding    Plant 

Present  Sowing  will  Secure  the  Best  Results  next  Spring 


I  HAVE  heard  these  plants  spoken  of  as 
everyday  subjects,  and  in  a  manner  that 
implied  they  were  of  little  consequence ; 
but  I  do  not  share  this  view, 
being  convinced  that  as  an  out- 
door flowering  plant  for  early  spring 
they  are  second  to  none.  I  use  them 
for  bedding  mainly,  and  as  a  ground- 
work for  the  latest  flowering  Dutch 
Tulips.  Never  have  they  done  better 
than  this  season.  Early  in  March  they 
were  in  bloom,  and  at  Easter  they 
were  a  picture.  At  a  distance  the 
beds  appeared  to  be  nothing  but 
flowers.  Against  a  background  of 
dark  evergreens  the  yellows  were  most 
conspicuous,  and  away  from  any  re- 
flection of  this  kuid  the  reds,  maroons 
and  bronzes  presented  a  sight  not 
easily  forgotten  so  early  in  the  year. 
The  plants  were  raised  from  the 
Munstead  and  Sutton's  strains,  and 
by  careful  selection  the  choicest 
varieties  have  been  kept  in  their 
separate  colours,  and  planted  accord- 
ingly. For  exposed  gardens  where 
the  winds  are  too  fierce  for  even  the 
lovely  Myosotis  these  plants  are  most 
nseful,  since  they  seldom  show  dislike 
of  the  worst  winter  weather.  Some 
of  the  best  I  grow  in  pots,  plants 
being  lifted  in  October  for  the  purpose 
and  wintered  in  a  cold  frame.  Early 
in  January  they  are  removed  to 
a  heated  pit,  where  they  soon  begin 
to  flower.  They  are  then  staged 
along  with  Primulas  of  all  types,  with 
so  much  success  that  I  have  heard  those 
unaware  of  the  difference  in  the  species  say 
they  considered  them  quite  worthy  of  their  place 
not  only  for  the  sake  of  their  flowers,  but  for  their 


fresh  green  Iea\"e5,  which  develop  under  glass  to  an 
extent  far  in  excess  of  those  in  the  open.  It  is 
surprising   how   they   respond    to  light  feeding. 


drought  is  fatal'.  They  will  put  up  with  almost 
any  garden  soil  if  it  is  in  a  shady  position  and  is 
kept  moist.  As  already  mentioned,  these  bunch 
Primroses  may  be  propagated  from  seed,  and  by 
division  of  the  old  clumps  after  flowering.  To 
obtain  plants  for  bedding  out  in  autumn  an  early 
spring  sowing  is  necessary.  Germination  is  rather 
slow  and  uneven,  and  a  little  heat  saves  time. 
Sow  the  seed  thinly  in  well  drained  pans  of  light 


v^^ 


r^A  -rM. 


A    GOOD    WHITE    MUNSTEAD     PRIMROSE    FOR    M.\SSING. 


Although  not  by  any  means  a  fastidious  race. 
Polyanthus  have  their  peculiarities  which  must 
be  understood  before  they  can  be  made  a  success. 
Summer  sunshine  is  not  agreeable  to  them,   and 


AN    ABUNDANCE    OF    WHITE    AND    YELLOW    BUNCH    PRIMROSES    UNDER    TREES. 


sandy  soil.  Uniform  heat  and  moisture  is  essential 
until  the  seedlings  appear.  When  large  enough 
prick  out  into  boxes  of  similar  soil,  and  grow  them 
in  a  cool,  shady  frame  until  early  in  June.  In 
the  meantime  select  a  shady  corner  and 
prepare  the  ground  for  them  by  digging 
in  a  liberal  quantity  of  leaf-mould,  a 
little  old  rubble,  should  it  be  defi- 
cient in  lime  and  inclined  to  heaviness, 
and  a  light  dressing  of  soot.  Trans- 
plant with  a  good  ball  of  soil  to  the 
roots,  about  gins,  apart,  and  water  if 
necessary.  Throughout  the  summer 
keep  the  space  between  the  ron-s  lightly 
hoed,  and.  beyond  an  occasional  water- 
ing, no  further  attention  until  lilting 
time  is  required.  Raising  these  plants 
from  seed  is  interesting,  but  it  is  not 
more  so  than  the  selecting  of  the 
choicest  when  they  are  in  flower.  These 
should  be  carefully  marked,  so  that 
the  stock  may  be  increased  by  division. 
In  average  seasons  they  are  past  their 
best  in  May.  Amid  the  rush  of  filling 
the  beds  with  their  summer  occupants 
these  plants  often  suffer  neglect.  Until 
they  can  be  attended  to,  those  for 
growing  on  should  be  heeled  in  out  of 
the  reach  of  the  sun,  for  once  they  get 
really  dry  a  lot  of  trouble  is  required 
to  pull  them  rotmd.  The  best  pieces 
for  grovring  on  are  the  single  crowns 
with  roots  attached  that  are  to  be 
found  on  the  outside  of  each  clump. 
If  planted  firmly  and  kept  moist  they 
soon  establish  themselves  and  give 
verv  little  trouble.  T.  T. 


216 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  30,  1921. 


A  Shrub  of  Exceptional  Beauty 
and  Refinement 

(ENKIANTHUS    JAPONICDS) 

The  Enkianthus  are  distinctly  interesting  members 
of  the  Ericacea;  family,  the  best  known  of  which 
is  E.  campanulatus.  E.  japonicus,  the  subject 
of  the  illustration,  is  a  deciduous  shrub  of  upright, 
bushy  habit,  the  branches  arranged  in  tiers  giving 
the  plants  a  distinctive  appearance.  Growing  up 
to  about  6ft.  in  height,  the  small  clusters  of  white 
blossoms  are  produced  early  in  April.  A  second 
delightful  period  is  in  autumn  when  the  leaves 
change  to  rich  golden  yellow. 

This  shrub  is  sometimes  grown  in  nurseries  as 
E.  cernuus  albus,  but  the  true  E.  cernuus  does  not 
flower  until  May,  with  more  flowers  in  a  cluster, 
with  do-svny  stalks  and  fringed  coroUa.  In  E. 
japonicus  the  stalks  are  glabrous, 
and  the  corolla  five  rounded  lobes 
On  the  occasion  of  a  recent  visit 
to  the  Bagshot  nursery  of  Messrs 
Waterer,  Sons  and  Crisp  we  were 
surprised  to  see  the  magnificent 
specimen  herewith  illustrated  grow- 
ing under  glass.  As  a  pot  plant  it 
is  a  subject  of  exceptional  beauty 
and  refinement. 

A  native  of  Japan,  E.  japonicus 
is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine. 
tab.  5,822.  The  plants  thrive  in 
peat  or  sandy  loam,  growing  under 
similar  conditions  to  those  suitable 
for  Rhododendrons. 


The  flowers  have  a  slight  perfume  and,  as  already 
noted,  are  very  long-lasting.  My  plants  are  in  a 
sunny,  favoured  position,   and  I   am  hoping  that 


seed  will  form  and  ripen  and  provide  me  with  a 
good  batch  of  plants  for  another  year. 

Ashtead,  Surrey.  Frederick  G.  Wood. 


THE    CARNATION    OF    TO-DAY 


N 


How  to  Make  Cuttings  and  Achieve  Success  with 
Modern    Varieties 


fO  flower  of  recent  times  has  made 
such  marvellous  progress  as  the  Car- 
nation. This  progress  is,  perhaps,  not 
so  noticeable  in  the  bloom  itself  as  in 
the     plants ;      they     are     stronger     in 

constitution  and  practically  proof  against  disease. 

Modern     Carnations     grow     the      entire      twelve 


A    Beautiful    New 
Primula 

Not  very  much  notice  appears  to 
have  been  tal^en  by  the  horticul- 
tural Press  of  a  small  basket  of 
plants  of  Primula  limnoica  exhibited 
at  the  Vincent  Square  meeting  on 
March  8  by  Lord  Rothschild,  and 
this  was  very  probably  due  to 
the  fact  that  there  is  a  general 
similarity  between  P.  limnoica  and 
P.  denticulata.  P.  limnoica  was  in- 
troduced to  cultivation  by  the  late 
Reginald  Farrer,  and  flowered  for  the 
first  time  in  cultivation  (as  notified 
on  the  above  exhibit  by  Lord 
Rothschild)  this  year.  I  planted  out 
two  roots  in  the  rock  garden  some 
ten  weeks  or  so  ago.  They  opened 
their  flowers  a  few  days  after  the 
above-mentioned  exhibit  was  made 
and  are  now  still  in  full  beauty 
(April   13) 

Though  very  generally  similar 
in  appearance  to  P.  denticulata, 
there  is  a  somewhat  noticeable  difference.  The 
rosette  of  pale  green  leaves  is  much  smaller 
and  neater,  altliough.  of  course,  when  the  plants 
get  well  established  they  may  develop  in  this 
respect.  The  single  flower-scape  produced  by 
each  plant  this  year  rose  to  some  Sins,  or  gins. 
The  colour  on  opening  appeared  to  be  almost 
identical  with  that  of  P.  denticulata,  but  as  the 
flowers  matured  a  noticeable  difference  was 
observed,  the  yellow  eye  becoming  gradually 
suffused  with  a  richer  colour  passing  through 
a  reddish  buff  to  a  tone  that  is  now  almost 
a  crimson,  the  effect  on  the  whole  flower-head 
being  to  render  it  richer  and  warmer  in  tone 
generally  than   P.   denticulata. 


A    BEAUTIFUL    APRIL-FLOWERING    SHRUB    WHICH    PRODUCES 
CLUSTERS     OF     WHITE    FLOWERS    (ENKIANTHUS    JAPONICUS). 


months  of  the  year,  and  are  much  more  easy  to 
cultivate.  Their  stems  and  calyx  are  stronger, 
even  their  fragrance  is  stronger ;  in  fact,  in 
all  respects  Carnations  of  to-day  are  greatly 
improved  plants  to  twenty-five  years  ago.  The 
principal  reason  for  this  is  that  we  understand 
their  requirements  better.  Furthermore,  the 
Perpetual  -  flowering  Carnation  is  undoubtedly 
of  mongrel  origin  and,  like  most  mongrels,  has 
a  sound  constitution.  Its  influence  has  been 
brought  to  bear  upon  the  old  British  border  Car- 
nation, and  we  have  the  new  perpetual  border 
Carnation,  which  is  more  hardy  than  any  Car- 
nation, also  blooms  out  of  doors  from  spring  to 
winter.      The     same     with     Dianthus     AUwoodii. 


which  is  half  Pink  and  half  Perpetual-flowering 
Carnation  ;  it  is  practically  fool-proof  and 
weather-proof.  In  short,  the  modern  Carnation 
specialist  in  his  work  of  raising  new  varieties  and 
types  thinks  more  of  the  garden  itself  and  less  of 
the  flower  show  and  individual  perfection  of 
bloom.  Furthermore,  this  country  is  the  Mecca 
of  the  Carnation  world  and  supplies 
practically  every  country  with  new 
Carnations  ;  which  to-day  are  grown 
in  thousands,  where  they  were 
grown  in  hundreds  quite  a  few 
years  ago. 

Cultivation  of  Carnations  Under 
Glass. — 1  propose  to  deal  with  the 
Perpetual-flowering  Carnation  and 
the  new  hardy  perpetual  border 
Carnation  jointly,  because  their 
cultivation  is  so  similar.  Their 
greatest  enemy  is  that  people  do 
not  realise  how  simple  they  are  to 
grow,  not  only  in  the  cold  or  mildly 
heated  greenhouse  but  also  in  the 
open  border.  Carnations  must  have 
a  cool,  fresh,  buoyant  atmosphere 
when  grown  under  glass  ;  the  ven- 
tilators must  never  be  completely 
closed,  while  a  good  light  is  neces- 
sary. More  Carnations  are  killed 
through  kindness  than  through  any 
other  cause.  Some  do  not  seem  to 
realise  that  frosts  and  cold  winds 
do  not  kill  Carnations,  but  over- 
watering  and  general  coddling  do. 
Propagating. — We  wUl  begin  the 
life  of  the  Carnation  at  the  cutting 
stage ;  it  is  the  most  convenient. 
Dianthus  AUwoodii,  and  all  Carna- 
tions except  the  old  border  section, 
are  propagated  by  means  of  cuttings, 
while  propagation  by  means  of 
layering  can,  and  is,  employed  by 
many.  1 1  wUl  be  obvious  to  all  that 
the  constitution  of  every  kind  of 
Carnation  is  preserved  or  destroyed, 
within  limits,  by  the  selection  of 
cuttings ;  and  not  only  by  the 
selection  of  cuttings,  but  by  the 
selection  of  the  parent  plants  from 
which  the  cuttings  are  removed. 
Here  we  have  the  crux  of  the 
whole  matter.  You  must  have  a 
strong,  healthy  cutting  to  make  a 
strong,  vigorous  plant.  You  can  deceive  yourself, 
and  may  be' able  to  deceive  your  neighbour,  but 
you  cannot  deceive  the  inexorable  laws  of  nature. 
Thp  Correct  Cutting. — it  will  be  found  that 
the  top  cutting  of  a  flowering  growth  has  a  leg 
or  space  between  the  parent  growth  and  its  first 
pair  of  leaves.  This  class  of  cutting  is  known  as 
the  "  spindling  cutting,"  and  if  these  cuttings 
are  propagated  persistently  a  race  of  plants 
would  be  built  up  which  would  make  a 
lot  of  weak  growth  and  produce  insignificant 
flowers.  At  the  base  of  the  growth  a  short,  stmited 
cutting  will  be  observed.  This  is  known  as 
the  '■  dormant  cutting,"  and  makes  a  slow,  robust 
growth,  is  very  subject  to  disease,  and  by  its  use 


April  30,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


217 


the  perpetual  capacity  of  the  plants  is  lost.  The 
correct  cuttings  are  produced  between  these  two 
extremes,  and  they  alone  are  the  cuttings 
which  matter. 

Making  a  Cutting.— There  are  two  ways  of 
making  a  cutting,  viz.,  the  heel  cutting,  a  side 
growth  pulled  from  a  flowering  stem  with  a  heel, 
and  the  piping  cutting.  It  is  generally  recognised 
that  the  former  is  the  superior,  but  if  the  correct 
piping  cutting  is  used  there  is  practically  no 
difference  between  them.  By  the  correct  piping 
cutting  I  mean  one  pulled  or  rather  cut  with  a 
sharp  knife  just  below  the  third  or  fourth  joint 
from  a  heel ;  others  than  these  are  of  no  value. 
The  top  of  a  long  growth,  if  made  into  a  cutting, 
must  be  wTong,  because  you  only  have  part  of 
the  growth,  and  the  worst  part  at  that,  so  it  will 
be  impossible  to  obtain  the  best  results.  The 
same  applies  if  you  take  the  top  of  a  young  plant 
and  imagine  you  have  a  vigorous,  healthy  cutting. 
It  is  ridiculous,  and  you  simply  deceive  yourself; 
these  must  produce  plants  constitutionally  weak. 

Rooting  Carnation  Cuttings. — .\s  to  the  best 
time  to  root  cuttings,  1  favour  December,  January 
and  February  for  Perpetual-flowenng  Carnations 
grown  under  glass,  but  autumn  or  spring  for  those 
grown  in  cold  greenhouses.  You  can  root  them 
at  any  time  of  the  year.  Perpetual  border  Car- 
nations and  Dianthus  Allwoodii  grown  entirely 
out  of  doors  are  best  propagated  in  June,  July, 
August  and  September.  A  special  grade  of  river 
sand  is  the  best  medium  to  root  the  cuttings  in, 
simply  because  the  cutting  roots  with  less  effort 
and  emits  more  rootlets  in  the  first  place.  We 
favour  a  medium  grade  of  sharp  sand,  but  cleanli- 
ness is  the  secret  of  successful  propagation,  though 
shading  and  watering  also  play  their  part.  Spraying 
and  continually  watering  overhead  must  be 
avoided.  If  you  have  a  span-roofed  case,  box 
or  pot  and  4ins.  of  sand  at  the  bottom,  dibble  the 
cuttings  into  the  sand  and  give  a  bottom  heat 
of  about  55°  and  a  top  heat  of  about  45°  in  the 
winter  and,  of  course,  no  artificial  heat  at  all  in 
the  summer,  the  cutting  will  take  from  three  to 
foiur  weeks  to  root.  When  you  put  the  cuttings 
in  the  sand  they  should  have  a  thorough  watering, 
and  the  sand  must  never  be  allowed  to  become 
dry. 

Hardening  the  Cutting. — it  is  unnecessary 
for  me  to  emphasise  the  great  importance  of 
thoroughly  hardening  the  cutting  to  withstand 
light  and  air  previous  to  potting  or  planting. 

First  Potting.- — The  necessity  of  using  a  small 
2in.  pot  in  the  winter  for  the  first  potting  is  a 
point  which  is  beyond  debate.  In  a  small  pot 
the  cutting  establishes  itself  with  little  loss  of 
energy,  particularly  so  if  a  medium  soil,  not 
excessively  rich  and  with  a  free  drainage,  is  used. 
.•\  position  in  a  light  greenhouse  or  frame  is  ideal, 
providing  the  cuttings  are  shaded  from  the  strong 
sun  during  the  first  few  days. 

Now  we  come  to  soil.  If  I  gave  definite  rules 
and  said  you  should  do  this  or  that,  I  should  be 
foolish,  because  one  man  cannot  tell  another 
exact  details  in  horticulture.  Vou  can  only  give 
ideas,  and  if  I  say  you  want  to  mi.\  so-and-so 
with  your  soil,  I  do  not  know  what  your  soil  is. 
You  want  to  know  what  the  exact  conditions  are. 
When  I  was  growing  Carnations  near  Manchester, 
we  did  a  good  deal  different  from  what  we  do  now 
in  Sussex.  I  say  this — a  soil  must  have  a  free 
drainage.  That  is  essential.  We  do  not  mix 
any  manure  with  our  soil  for  the  first  potting, 
because  our  soil  is  rich  enough  without.  If  it 
was  not,  we  should  have  to  use  manure.  We  mix 
mortar  rubble  or  slacked  lime,  and  I  think  you  are 
fairly  right  in  adding  a  little  sand  if  the  soil  is  of 
too  close  a  texture,  also  burnt  ashes.  Carnations 
love  potash.  The  young  plant  should  be  grown 
in  a  cool  light  with  a  night  temperature  of  about 


50°  in  winter  or  early  spring.     The  point  is,   the 
night  temperature  should  be  even. 

It  is  most  essential  that  the  plant  should  have 
a  strong  direct  light,  and  only  shaded  from  the 
strongest  sun  until  the  young  plant  is  established 
There  is  too  much  ;;hading  and  coddling  generally 
in  Carnation  culture.  If  you  unduly  shade  a 
young  plant,  it  has  naturally  a  weakening  effect. 
As  soon  as  the  young  plant  is  established  in  a 
2  in  pot  during  the  winter  or  spring  we  pot  on 
into  a  3in.  pot.  But  when  cuttings  are  rooted 
during  any  other  period  of  the  year  we  pot  direct 
into  the  sin.  pot,  and  plants  of  perpetual  border 
Carnations   or  Dianthus    .Allwoodii.    intended    for 


flowering  out  of  doors,  are  planted  in  their  per- 
manent positions. 

Stopping. — Every  young  Carnation  plant  (the 
old  border  type  excepted)  should  be  stopped 
when  in  the  3in.  pot  or  as  soon  as  the  cutting  is 
established  in  the  garden,  and  taking  an  average, 
we  will  say  at  the  sixth  joint,  and  the  plant  should 
be  growing  vigorously  when  the  operation  is 
performed.  It  is  wrong  to  pull  out  the  point  of 
the  growth,  but  the  top  should  be  removed  just 
above  a  pair  of  matured  leaves,  so  that  the  remain- 
ing eyes  are  at  an  even  state  of  maturity,  and  so 
produce  a  full  complement  of  breaks. 

HaywarcC s  Heath.         Montagu  C.  Allwood. 


A    RHODODENDRON    FOR    LAWN  BEDS  AND    SHRUBBERIES 

RHODODENDRON     RACEMOSUM. 


Many  gardeners,  when  speaking  of  Rhodo- 
dendrons, refer  to  the  glories  of  Pink  Pearl 
and  similar  varieties,  so  it  is  refreshing  to  be  able 
to  call  the  attention  of  growers  to  the  beauties 
of  R.  racemosum,  a  charming  dwarf  species  from 


the  last  thirty  years  R.  racemosum  is  one  of  the 
most  distinct  and  valuable.  .An  evergreen,  bushy 
shrub  commencing  to  flower  when  only  a  few 
inches  high  and  within  two  years  from  the  sowing 
of    the    seeds,    the    most    vigorous    bushes    may 


RHODODENDRON    RACEiVIOSUM    AS    AN    EDGING    TO    A    SHRUBBERY. 


Western  China.  During  March  it  was  a  mass 
of  bloom,  the  growths  being  covered  with  flowers 
not  only  at  the  apex,  but  the  whole  length  of  the 
shoots.  It  is  quite  hardy,  of  dwarf  and  compact 
habit,  which  renders  it  a  suitable  subject  for  the 
rock  garden  or  in  groups  among  other  shrubs. 
The  flowers  are  produced  in  dense  clusters,  white 
with  a  soft  flush  of  rose  pink,  passing  into  bright 
rose  at  the  tips  of  the  segments.  It  thrives  best 
in  a  peaty  soil,  but,  failing  this,  a  mixture  of 
half  rotted  leaves,  fibrous  turf,  and  sand  should 
be  procured.  These  Rhododendrons  are  not 
deep  rooting,  so  an  annual  top-dressing  of  cow 
manure  may  be  given  after  flowering.  R.  race- 
mosum can  be  increased  from  seeds,  but  if  not 
required  for  propagating  purposes  the  seed  vessels 
should  be  removed  immediately  they  form.  In 
the  rock  garden  this  charming  Rhododendron 
makes  a  fine  show,  its  early  flowering  qualities 
making  it  doubly  welcome.  B. 


.\mong  the  many  new  species  of  Rhododendrons 
introduced    to    our    gardens    from    China    during 


ultimately  become  5  ft.  to  6ft.,  possibly  more,  in 
height. 

The  flowering  season  is  April  and  .May. 
when,  as  the  accompanying  illustration  suggests, 
the  branches  are  laden  with  terminal  and 
axillary  clusters  of  blossoms.  These  vary  in 
colour  from  white  to  rosy  pink.  For  lawn  beds, 
borders,  shrubberies  and  large  rock  gardens 
R.  racemosum  is  worthy  of  extensive  planting. 
So  freely  does  it  seed  that  if  the  plants  are  not 
to  suffer  in  health  it  is  necessary  to  remove  most 
of  the  seed-pods. 

.A  native  of  Western  China,  R.  racemosum  was 
first  introduced  to  France  by  P^re  Delavay  in 
1SS9.  Since  that  date  Mr.  George  Forrest  sent 
home  seeds  collected  in  North-West  Yunnan, 
where  he  found  it  growing  in  abundance.  Mr 
E.  H.  Wilson  also  collected  R.  racemosum  in 
Szechuan.  Described  as  growing  in  limestone 
it  is  probable  that  the  subject  of  this  note 
will  be  found  a  useful  species  to  grow  in 
those  gardens  where  Rhododendrons  do  not 
generally  thrive 


218 


WHY    SEEDS    EAIL 


THE     GARDEN. 


glass,  over  which  place  sheets  of  biowii  paper.    The 
giving  of   more  water  as   and   when  germination 
The     Raising    of    Seedlings   is    an    Art       '^  Pro<^eeding  should  be  with  the  greatest  care  and 

in   Itself  which   very   Few  Really 


Understand 

IF  the  art  and  right  practices  of  germinating 
seeds  were  universally  understood,  a  bad  time 
for  the  seedsmen  would  be  the  consequence. 
Nevertheless,  there  is  no  reason  why  every 
garden  owner  should  not  learn  to  be  successful 
at  it.  The  compost  should  consist  of  equal  parts 
of  old  turfy  loam,  old  leaf  mould,  and  quartz 
sand,  well  mixed  together  and  be  the  right  degree 
of  moisture,  neither  too  dry,  nor  too  wet,  just 
moist.  The  drainage  must  be,  above  all,  thorough, 
and  for  this  reason  the  quartz  sand  should  be  a 
mixture  of  the  three  grades,  fine,  medium  and 
coarse,  proportioned  to  suit  the  seed  to  be  ger- 
minated, |Thi3  compost  will  do,  with  the  addition 
of  2  ozs,  of  steamed  bone  flour  per  cubic  yard  of 
soil  for  pricking  out  the  seedlings  into  boxes,  and 
with  the  addition  of  lime  (purest  grade)  and 
potiish  for  potting  up  into  thumb  pots,  ij  ozs. 
of  lime  and  J  oz.  of  sulphate  of  potash  per  cubic 
yard  being  the  most  suitable  quantities.    Seedlings 


judgment,  if  damping  off  disease  is  to  be  avoided. 
Examine  every  morning  and  evening  in  order  to 
give  some  air,  and  only  give  more  water  through 
a  fine  spray  pump  when  the  surface  is  actually 
dry.  As  soon  as  the  seedlings  show  leaves,  give 
some  air  by  covering  only  two-thirds  of  the  pots 
with  the  glass  and  remove  the  brown  paper 
altogether. 

Prick  out  the  seedlings  into  shallow  ains.  deep 
boxes  as  soon  as  they  can  be  handled,  about  lin. 
to  liins.   apart.     In  these  boxes  they  will  make 


[April  30,   1921. 

especially  fine  roots  on  account  of  the  steamed  bone 
flour,  which  has  an  extraordinary  vigorous  action 
on  seedlings. 

Finally  either  pot  up  into  thumb  pots  or  plant 
out  into  their  permanent  quarters.  In  the  latter 
case  they  will  establish  themselves  better  and  give 
superior  final  results  than  imported  adult  plants. 
Needless  to  add,  each  seedling  should  be  lifted 
with  a  ball  of  earth  attached  to  the  roots.  As  the 
plants  grow  on,  about  the  grand  period  of  growth, 
a  weak  application  of  nitrate,  say  J  oz.  nitrate  of 
soda  to  the  gallon  of  water,  administered  twice, 
at   an   interval   of    ten   days,     will    still    further 


enhance  the  results. 


C.  A.  Jardine. 


GARDENING     OF     THE     WEEK 


tj^^tJi^, 


-  dio^  a,AxCjj -tooQ 


■C-*vtf*MJtli)l  thcorn,S ^^ 


which  hate  lime  should  have  wood  ashes  instead 
of  the  lime  and  potash,  say  6  ozs. 

Procure  clean  7-in.  pots  and  in  each  one 
invert  a  thumb  pot,  as  shown  in  the  above 
illustration.  Fill  in  with  crocks  ;  over  the  crocks 
place  a  thin  layer  of  dead  grass  roots  (not  dead 
grass  leaves),  then  fill  up  with  compost  and  firm 
the  soil  evenly,  but  not  too  hard.  The  seed  should 
be  sown  as  thick  as  Mustard  and  Cress  (I  can  hear 
murmurings  of  dissent  all  round).  Lightly  covered 
with  fine  compost  and  pressed  firm  and  quite 
hard.  The  top  of  the  soil  should  be  nearly  level, 
except  a  very  slight  rise  in  the  centre.  If  ordinary 
sized  seeds  are  sown,  water  with  rain  water  (freshly 
fallen  rain  for  preference),  through  a  fine  rosed 
can  until  the  drainage  runs.  In  the  case  of  very 
fine  seeds,  dip  the  pots  in  water  to  two-thirds  their 
depth  and  let  the  water  rise  through  the  pot  till 
the  surface  soil  is  wetted.  Drain  (being  very  careful 
to  handle  the  pot  gently),  cover  with  a  sheet  of 


SOWING    LIKE    MUSTARD    AND    CRESS. 


FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Staking  and  Tying  will  now  call  for  some 
attention  on  the  herbaceous  borders  and  also 
among  creepers  on  walls.  Among  climbing  plants 
on  walls  the  young  growths  of  Clematis  require 
frequent  attention,  as  they  so  soon  become 
entangled.  Roses  and  Honey- 
suckle are  often  prone  to  insect 
pests  during  eaidy  growth,  which, 
as  soon  as  possible,  should  be 
checked  by  thoroughly  syringing 
the  plants  with  a  reliable  insecti- 
cide. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Beet.' — -The  latter  part  of  April 
and  early  May  is  the  time  to  sow 
the  mam  crop  of  Beetroot,  It  is 
not  advisable  to  use  ground  re- 
cently manured,  as  this  induces 
coarseness  ;  a  light,  well  worked 
soil  is  the  best.  On  heavy  ground 
holes  must  be  bored  about  2ft. 
deep  and  filled  with  fine  soil,  into 
which  place  several  seeds,  after- 
wards thinning  to  one.  The 
holes  should  be  gins,  apart  and  the  rows  isins. 
Seakale  Beet,  which  is  principally  grown  for 
its  stalk  and  the  midrib  of  leaf,  may  also  be  sown 
at  this  time,  allowing  in  this  case  about  rjins. 
between  plants  and  rows. 

Outdoor  Tomatoes  should  be  placed  in  .-iin. 
or  6in,  pots  and  be  kept  growing  close  to  the 
glass  in  cool  conditions,  thoroughly  hardening  the 
plants  before  putting  them  in  their  final  positions. 
Unless  a  wall  or  similar  place  can  be  given  them 
it  is  doubtful  whether  outdoor  culture  of  Tomatoes 
is  worth  much  labour  being  bestowed  upon  it. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines.— As  advised  for 
Apricots,  the  thinning  and  disbudding  of  fruits 
and  shoots  should  be  gradually  carried  out, 
removing  first  of  all  in  each  case  those  badly 
placed.  The  shoots  of  paramount  importance 
are  the  one  at  the  base  selected  to  furnish  next 
season's  fruit  and  the  terminal  one,  which  may 
in  some  cases  be  required  for  extension  work, 
but  more  generally  is  retained  to  carry  nourish- 
ment to  the  fruits  below  it.  In  cases  where  there 
is  no  fruit  the  whole  of  the  energy  may  be  concen- 
trated into  the  basal  growth  by  pruning  back 
to  it,  unless  it  is  intended  to  retain  such  wood 
for  the  development  of  the  tree.  Overcrowding 
must  be  avoided,  and  cleanliness  maintained  by 
frequent  s>Tingings  with  clear  water,  and  occasion- 
ally, in  early  stages  of  growth,  give  a  good  syringing 
with  some  suitable  insecticide. 

Flants  Under  Glass. 

Euphorbia  pulcherrima,  better  known  as 
Poinsettia  pulcherrima,  now  calls  for  propagation. 
Growths  from  4ins,  to  6ins.  long  are  suitable, 
and  these  should  be  taken  with  a  heel  and  inserted 
as  quickly  as  possible  singly  in  small  pots  of  light 
soil,  and  placed  in  the  propagating  pit.  Euphorbia 
jacquinia'flora  may  be  increased  in  the  same 
manner. 

Liliums  growing  in  pots  in  frames  must  have 
abundance  of  air,  removing  the  lights  entirely 
on  fine  days.  The  stem-rooting  species  must  be 
top-dressed  as  the  roots  show,  using  a  nicely 
eiuiched  compost  to  aid  in  development  of  the 
flower-spikes. 


Acalvphas,  when  well  grown  and  coloured, 
are  most  useful  as  decorative  plants.  Old,  leggy 
plants  will  furnish  cuttings,  after  which  they  may 
be  pruned  as  desired  and  grown  on  another  season 
if  requu'ed. 

Begonia  cuttings  should  be  potted  when  ready 
and  grown  on  in  a  brisk,  moist  heat.  To  make 
large  plants  place  three  of  the  rooted  cuttings 
in  a  pot  and  grow  on  undisturbed.  A  light,  porous 
soil  is  the  best  medium,  especially  during  early 
growth. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Pot  Strawberries.- — .A.s  the  season  advances 
these  require  much  looking  after  if  they  have  to 
be  grown  on  shelves  near  Vines  and  Peaches, 
for  they  are  most  prone  to  attacks  of  red  spider, 
which  will  sometimes  defy  the  best  of  attention. 
Plants  with  ripe  fruits  must  be  removed  to  quarters 
where  risk  of  spider  spreading  is  reduced  to  a 
minimum.  Plants  in  earlier  stages  must  be  well 
syringed  several  times  daily  and  never  allowed 
to  become  dry  at  the  roots.  The  last  batch  will 
give  excellent  results  in  cold  pits  or  on  shelves 
if  conveniently  arranged  in  the  cold  orchard- 
house. 

H.  Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albiiry  Park  Gardens,  Guitdlord. 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Cucumbers. —  Plants  in  fruit  require  constant 
attention  so  that  the  bearing  period  may  be 
prolonged.  Cut  out  any  old  growths  which  have 
fruited  and  tie  in  all  young  shoots  without  unduly 
crowding  the  trelliswork.  Also  cut  away  all 
superfluous  growths  and  give  regular  waterings 
of  liquid  manure.  From  seed  sown  now  nice 
plants  may  be  had  in  about  four  weeks'  time 
for  planting  out  in  frames  or  on  hot-beds  which 
have  been  used  to  raise  bedding  plants.  Blair's 
Prolific  is  an  excellent  sort  either  for  pit  or  frame 
culture. 

Potatoes.— Finish  the  planting  of  late  varieties, 
while  early  sorts  which  are  through  the  ground 
should  receive  attention  by  protecting  from  late 
frosts.  If  not  too  far  advanced  the  soil  may  be 
drawn  over  the  crowns,  otherwise  a  few  feathery 
Spruce  branches  laid  down  the  rows  afford  the 
necessary  shelter  and  are  easily  removed.  Where 
a  quantity  is  grown  in  frames  the  sashes  should  be 
pulled  off  during  fine  weather  and  so  keep  the 
haulm  sturdy. 

Turnip-Rooted  Beet.— A  sowmg  of  this  type 
might  now  be  made  for  early  use,  and  we  find 
none  to  better  Sutton's  Globe,  its  finely  shaped 
roots  being  a  great  advance  on  the  ordinary 
Egyptian  variety.  Sow  in  drills  15  inches  apart 
on  ground  which  was  well  manured  for  the  previous 
season's  crop.  Recently  manured  ground  tends 
to  coarseness,  with  the  result  that  many  are 
worthless. 

Cauliflowers. — -Plant  out  successional  lots,  and 
if  raised  in  boxes  or  frames,  lift  with  a  ball  of 
earth  attached,  while  if  the  natural  soil  is  heavy 
a  trowelful  of  old  potting  soil  gives  them  encourage- 
ment to  start. 

Soil  For  Tomatoes. — .\s  the  main  batch  will 
now  be  ready  for  their  fruiting  quarters  it  is 
essential  that  the  border  be  renewed,  as  the 
Tomato  is  most  exacting  in  its  demand  for  certain 
chemicals,  more  particularly  potash.  The  old 
soil  should  be  excavated  to  a  depth  of  r5  inches 


April  30,   1921.] 


and  replaced  with  virgin  loam  and  a  quantity 
of  grittv  material ;  also  add,  if  available,  some 
wood-ashes,  as  I  think  there  is  nothing  better 
for  the  production  of  well  flavoured  and  well 
finished  Tomatoes.  Refrain  from  using  farmyard 
or  other  manures  meantime,  as  this  causes  excessive 
luxuriance  and  is  a  bar  to  fruitfulness  ;  rather 
wait  till  several  trusses  are  well  set  and  swelling, 
when  a  good  mulching  may  be  given  and  then 
watered  in. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 
Melons. — Where  the  grower  is  largely  dependent 
on  sun  heat  for  growing  his  .Melon  crop  now  is  quite 
a  reasonable  time  to  sow  the  seed.  If  intended 
for  frame  culture  a  hardy  variety  should  be  chosen, 
but  if  a  hot-bed  is  available  to  give  them  a  goocl 
start  many  of  the  more  choice  varieties  will  do 
quite  well.  Sow  the  seeds  in  3in.  pots  and 
germinate  in  a  warm  house.  When  planting  into 
the  frames  use  good  sweet  loam  with  a  sprinkling 
of  old  lime  rubble,  placing  the  compost  in  the 
frames  some  time  before  planting  so  that  the  soil 
may  be  thoroughly  warmed. 

The  Pleasure  Grounds. 
Ivv  on  Walls.— -\ny  necessary  clipping  should 
jiow  be  done  and  in  a  short  time  the  walls  will  be 


THE     GARDEN. 


clad    with    a    beautiful    fresh    covering    of    green 
Regular  clipping  is  of  much  benefit  to  the  Ivy. 

The  Bog  and  Water  Garden. — As  growth  is 
well  started  in  the  bog  garden  one  can  now  see 
whore  any  necessary  clearing  out  may  be  done, 
as  there  is  always  the  chance  of  the  stronger- 
growing  reeds  and  grasses  ousting  the  more  delicate 
little  water  plants.  Ranunculus  Lingua  and 
Villarsia  Nymphoides  must  be  kept  within  bounds, 
as  also  Glyceria  spectabilis  fol.  var.  This  is" 
undoubtedly  one  of  the  prettiest  of  the  aquatic 
grasses,  the  young  growth  just  now  having  a 
charming  pink  tinge,  afterwards  changing  to  a 
fine  golden  variegation.  Water  Lilies  may  now 
be  planted,  using  shallow  baskets  for  this  purpose. 
The  Astilbe  family  are  charming  subjects  for  the 
edge  of  the  bog,  A.  Ceres  and  A.  New  Rose  being 
valuable    additions. 

Transplanting  Evergreens. — Box,  Yews  and 
many  other  evergreens  can  be  successfully  moved 
at  this  time,  and  there  will  be  few  failures  providing 
the  work  is  carried  out  just  as  new  growth  com- 
mences. Hollies  also  move  well  up  to  the  middle  of 
May,  but  copious  waterings  must  be  given  if  the 
weather  is  dry. 

James  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


THE     ORIGIN     OF     THE     NAME 

CLIVIA. 

*T"HIS  greenhouse  plant  was  referred  to  by  the 
writer  of  tlie  southern  calendar,  in  your  issue 
■dated  April  2.  It  would  seem  interesting  to 
mention  (to  the  said  writer  in  particular,  for  an 
obvious  reason),  that  the  Clivia  was  so  named  after 
the  Duchess  of  Northumberland,  a  member  of  the 
Clive  family.  This  statement  is  recorded  in  an  old 
•copy  of  Johnson's  Gardener's  Dictionary  I  have, 
though  which  Duchess  is  not  given,  but  the  above 
Ducal  title  was  created  in  1766.  Incidentally,  and 
in  addition  to  Mr.  Turner's  poetical  references  to 
this  plant,  it  should  be  noted  that  the  Clivia  is  a 
capital  window  or  room  plant.  I  remember, 
especially,  a  good  plant  in  an  8-in.  pot  which  used 
to  flower  in  a  cottage  window  in  a  neighbouring 
county  ;  while,  apart  from  the  blossom,  the  clean, 
strap-shaped  foliage  of  the  Clivia  is  quite  ornamental 
at  any  time. — C.   T.,   AmptJnll. 

EARLY     FLOWERS     AND     THE     MILD 

SEASON. 

'T'HE  first  flowers  of  Abutilon  vitifolium  opened 
the  first  week  of  April.  This  is  usually  a 
June-flowering  tree.  Last  year  it  was  in  full 
flower  in  May.  It  is  then  a  lovely  sight,  crowded 
with  pale  porcelain-blue  flowers ;  these  last  well 
when  cut,  if  the  stem  is  peeled  for  an  inch  or 
two  and  put  in  warm  water,  which  I  find  is  best 
for  all  flowers. — Western  Wight. 

AN    ATTRACTIVE     FLOWERING 

SHRUB. 

ANYONE  not  acquainted  with  Azara  micro- 
phylla  might  well  be  puzzled  to  trace  to  its 
source  the  distinctive  yet  elusive  odour  of  vanilla 
borne  on  the  breeze  and  scenting  the  air  for  some 
distance  round  a  mixed  border  in  which  the  shrub 
was  growing.  The  small  yellow  flowers  owe 
their  colour  to  the  anthers  and,  being  borne  on 
the  underside  of  the  branches,  are  almost  hidden 
by  the  numerous  dark,  glossy  evergreen  leaves. 
The  situation  should  preferably  be  fairly  warm 
and  sheltered,  but-  where  it  will  grow  well  the 
shrub  quite  deserves  a  place.  After  the  heavier 
and  somewhat  overpowering  scent  of  the  Mezereon 
the  fragrance  of  Azara  microphylla  is  distinctly 
refreshing.— A.  E.  Sims,    WisUy. 


A    DOUBLE-FLOWERED    CYCLAMEN. 

T     SEND    the    flowers    of    one    of    my    seedling 

Cyclamen.     I   thought   perhaps   it   would    be 

interesting  to  you,   as  I  have  shown  it  to  several 

people  round  here  who  think   it  very  good  ;     its 


A    REMARKABLE    CYCLAMEN   RAISED   BY    A 
READER. 

form  is  like  a  white  Rose,  as  you  will  see. — -George 
Malin,  The  Gardens,  Leicester  Grange,  Hinckley. 

[This  is  the  best  instance  of  a  double-flowered 
Cyclamen  that  has  been  brought  to  our  notice. 
Tlie  flower  has  the  texture  and  solidity  of  a  good 
double  Rose.  It  is  quite  an  interesting  novelty. 
— Ed.] 

BLUE    WOOD    ANEMONES. 

COME  montlis  ago  there  were  two  articles  in 
The  Garden  by  "  Somers "  on  the  wild 
flowers  seen  on  a  tour  in  Cornwall.  I  wish  "  Somers  " 
could  see  the  moorland  just  now,  here  in  the 
neiglibourhood  of  St.  Ives.  Between  the  yellow- 
trees  of  Gorse  the  turf  is  sprinkled  for  miles  with 
Anemones,    and    many    of    these    are    not    white. 


219 

but  blue.  I  knew  blue  Anemones  were  found  in 
Cornish  w-oods,  but  never  hoped  to  find  them  in 
such  profusion  on  the  open  moor.  Some  are  of  the 
palest  grey  blue,  as  if  faintly  shadowed  by  a  cloud  ; 
others  are  just  like  A.  nemorosa  Roblnsoniana 
of  gardens ;  others,  again,  are  of  the  colour  of 
blue  Hepaticas.  and  a  few  are  as  deep  as  the 
neighbouring  Dog  Violets.  One  can  also  find 
flowers  of  a  clear  uniform  pink,  some  of  a  creamy 
wliite  which  might  almost  claim  to  be  yellow, 
and  some  of  a  pale  lilac  with  a  darker  centre. 
It  is  noteworthy  that  the  blue  flowers  are  generally 
smaller  than  the  white  ones  and  often  have  twelve 
petals  instead  of  six.  Is~  it  possible  that  the 
varied  forms  are  the  result  of  crosses  between  the 
white  species  and  a  smaller  purplish  blue  sub- 
species ?  Has  such  a  sub-species  ever  been 
recognised  by  botanists  ? — Zennor. 

HELLEBORES  AS  CUT  FLOWERS. 

T  STILL  maintain  that  the  best  way  to  put  the 
Lenten  Rose  in  water,  so  that  its  full  beauty 
shall  be  seen,  is  to  float  it.  I  can  assure  "  E.  M.  G." 
(see  page  192),  that  I  have  tried  cutting  the  stalks 
over  and  over  again,  but  with  only  partial  success. 
Some  of  them  will  live  and  others  will  w-ither  at 
once.  The  whole  point  of  the  matter  seems  to  be 
tliis.  The  Lenten  Rose  naturally  hangs  its  head 
down.  To  see  what  it  is  like  you  have  to  put  your 
finger  under  its  chin  and  lift  its  dear  little  face  up 
before  you  can  tell,  and  then  one  of  its  greatest 
beauties  is  revealed,  that  is  the  stamens  ;  wonderful 
if  you  look  at  them  tlirough  a  magnifying  glass. 
Now,  if  you  put  them  in  water,  so  that  they  hang 
their  heads,  this  beauty  is  lost  to  a  great  extent, 
but  if  you  float  them,  it  is  fully  revealed  in  all  its 
glory.  But  after  all,  this  is  only  my  private 
opinion. — -A.  H.  Upcher. 

T  .V  a  recent  number  of  The  Garden  a  correspondent 
advocated  the  floating  of  Lenten  Hellebores, 
l)ecause  they  would  not  last  in  water  with  stems. 
That  is  not  my  experience.  The  late  Mr.  T.  H. 
Archer-Hinde  of  Coombefishacre,  South  Devon 
(who  originated  the  hybrid  Hellebores),  told  me 
that  if  the  stems  were  split  up  about  2ins.  (two 
slits  to  divide  the  stem  in  four),  and  give  them 
plenty  of  warm  water,  they  would  last  for  a  week 
or  more,  and  this  is  absolutely  correct.  If  you 
give  them  fresh  w-arm  water  every  three  or  four 
days,  they  will  last  quite  two  weeks,  and  every 
bud  develops.  Mr.  Archer-Hinde  told  me  he  had 
collected  every  species  of  Hellebore  he  could  hear 
of  and  liybridised  them.  He  had  a  wonderful 
collection  of  lovely  forms  and  colours.  When 
about  ninety-three  years  old  he  told  me  he  nad 
given  Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons  a  quantity  of  his  best 
forms  so  that  they  might  not  be  lost  to  the  horti- 
cultural world.  He  was  in  his  ninety-seventh  year 
when  he  died  in  191 1,  and  had  been  a  "  gardener  " 
from  the  time  he  was  seven  or  eight ! — -Western 
Wight. 

THE    IDEAL    FREESLA.. 

T  .AGREE  with  Mr.  Jacob's  remarks  (.April  it> 
page  185)  as  to  the  type  of  flow-er  to  go  for, 
and  I  personally  take  the  variety  Apogee  as  my 
ideal,  which  was  raised  by  Messrs  Van  Tubergen 
in  1909,  and  who  have  done  so  much  in  raising 
new  varieties.  They  are  the  raisers  of  most  of 
the  varieties  in  commerce.  Apogee  has  size, 
substance,  sturdy  growth,  rather  on  the  dw-arf 
side,  good  stout  petals  which  open  fully  ard  at 
almost  right  angles  to  the  tube,  showing  the  whole 
of  the  flower  far  better  than  the  half-closed  tj-pes. 
But  I  must  say  I  should  not  discard  Treasure  for 
not  being  as  open  a  flower  as  Apogee,  foi  it  has 
many  good  points  and  is,  I  think,  a  very  fine 
variety.  The  purplish  markings  fade  as  the  flower 
fully   develops,    and   are    less   noticeable     as    the 


220 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  30,   19 Ji. 


arranged  to  look  at  the  observer,  as  in  arranging 
Daffodils,  but  there  was  no  formality  about  them, 
for  the  Freesia  in  its  habits  does  not  allow  of  that. 
It   is  not  the  first  time   the    Roval   Horticultural 


Society  have  failed  to  value  in  full,  cultural  refine- 
ment in  certain  flowers,  and  I  think  Mr.  Jacob's 
article  justifiable  and  opportune — and  there  are  few 
better  judges  of  what  a  Freesia  should  be. — C.  A.  J, 


MIDLAND     DAFFODIL     SHOW 

The  Pied  Piper  Plays—'  Well  Done,   Trade  ''—White 
Trumpets   to   the   Fore — J-J-'s  Selections 


THE    NEW    FREESIA    GOLDEN    KING. 

iiiowers  go  off.  I  think  it  was  worthy  of  the  award 
g  ven,,  Perhaps  before  long  Mr.  Jacob  or  I  can 
raise  one  of  a  perfectly  clear  colour  and  with  more 
open  flowers,  retaining  the  size,  substance  and 
growth  of  Treasure.  I  am  inclined  to  think, 
judging  by  the  results  I  get,  that  size  and  bright 
colours  do  not  go  together.  All  the  brightest 
colours  have  small  flowers,  but  this  I  hope  1  can 
overcome  before  long.  Rigid  selection  is  necessary 
and  over  75  per  cent,  of  the  seedlings  of  1919 
have  been  discarded.  The  ideal,  in  my  opinion, 
must  have  good  size,  sturdy  growth,  stout  stiff 
stems,  substance  in  the  petals,  be  of  the  open  typ? 
of  flower,  and  have  good  scent  and  bright  clear 
colours. — G.  H.  Dalrymple. 

P.S, — Golden  King  has  many  good  points. 
The  flowers  are  bright  yellow  with  the  three 
lower  segments  a  very  rich  golden  yellow,  and  a 
deep  orange  lip.  It  is  tall,  erect-growing,  on  very 
stiff  stems,  and  possesses  a  remarkably  strong 
scent ;  a  few  blooms  will  scent  the  whole  room. 
It  is  a  late  bloomer  and  now,  after  all  the  other 
varieties  are  over,  it  is  still  going  on.  It  fails  in  size 
and  shape  to  my  ideal  flower.  Apogee.  The  flowers 
of  Golden  King  are  not  so  large  and  not  so  open  ; 
but  its  many  good  points  were  recognised  by  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  Floral  Committee,  who 
gave  it  an  award  of  m-rit  in  1920. — G.  H.  D. 

T  QUITE  agree  with  Mr.  Jacob  in  his  article 
on  page  185.  As  the  Freesia  is  a  near  relative 
of  the  Gladiolus,  the  round,  fat  flowers  are  plebian 
and  far  from  aristocratic,  like  some  of  those  with 
suggestion  of  wings  which  Mr.  Dalrymple  put  up 
on  March  8.  But  if  Mr.  Jacob  is  warm  in  his 
praise  of  this  exhibit,  what  would  he  have  said 
of  Mr.  Dalrymple's  exhibit  of  March  22,  which 
covered  a  three- tier  tabling  20ft,  in  length  ?  Every 
body  who  saw  them  agreed  that  it  was  the  finest 
Freesia  exhibit  ever  staged.   Most  of  the  flowers  were 


A    PRIL    13    and    14,    1921,    have  come   and 
y%       gone,   and  so  has  the  Midland  Daffodil 
/   %     Show     at     Birmingham.     Up     to     the 
/       %    eleventh  hour  it  was  extremely  doubtful 
*  m  if  it  would  be  possible  for  it  to  take  place, 

but  with  the  brighter  outlook  on  April  n  it  was 
finally  settled  to  go  through  with  it.  The  decision 
was  justified.  Birmingham  is  still  a  powerful 
magnet  to  draw  Daffodil  flowers  and  Daffodil 
people  to  the  great  iiJand  city.  Mr.  E.  H.  Krelage 
came  all  the  way  from  Holland.  The  Donard 
Nursery  Company  (that  is  Mr.  Slinger)  and  Mr. 
Guy  Wilson  braved  the  perils  of  the  sea  and  land 
and  brought  large  and  fine  exhibits  from  Ireland. 
Mr.  Herbert  Chapman  turned  up  with  a  few  of  his 
best  from  distant  Rye.  The  Anglesey  Bulb 
Growers'  .Association  sent  their  secretary,  Mr. 
W,  A,  Watts,  with  some  of  their  famous  Welsh- 
grown  Daffodils,  including  the  Prime  Minister 
(a  large  white  trumpet)  and  Mrs.  Lloyd  George 
(a  good  Giant  Leedsii  with  a  fawn  coloured  cup). 
Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons  faced  the  music,  and  there 
was  one  of  their  old  time  Gold  Medal  exhibits 
in  the  same  old  place  at  the  end  of  the  conservatory 
when  the  judges  went  round.  Mr.  W.  A.  MUner. 
who  lives  among  the  dales  of  Yorkshire,  did  not 
forget  us,  and  brought  over  a  good  many  nice 
seedlings  of  his  own  raising.  Birmingham's  good 
name  stood  it  in  good  stead  in  the  emergency,  and 
if  the  number  of  flowers  staged  was  much  below 
the  average,  there  were  plenty  of  good  things  to  be 
seen,  and  all  there  seemed  to  be  of  a  universal 
opinion  that  after  our  bad  luck  last  year  in  having 
to  put  off  the  show  owing  to  an  abnormally  earh- 
season,  it  would  have  been  a  thousand  pities  had 
there  been  another  blank  year  in  1921. 

Distinguishing  Features.— The  rally  of  thr- 
"  trade"  was  one.  Including  the  group  of  Mr 
Guy  Wilson,  who  occupied  the  place  usually  filled 
by  .Mr.  Engleheart,  there  were  six  fine  large  exhibits 
Two — those  of  Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons  and  the 
Donard  Nursery  Company— received  gold  medals, 
and  well  deserved  the  honour.  Then  it  was  all 
to  the  good  and  very  pleasing  to  see  our  old  friends, 
Messrs.  Cartwright  and  Goodwm,  and  a  new 
exhibitor  in  the  person  of  .Messrs.  Webb  and  Sons 
of  Stourbridge,  who  staged  a  representative 
collection  of  the  best  lower  priced  varieties  suitable 
for  gardens.  The  second  feature  was  the  number 
of  entries  in  the  white  trumpet  class  for  six  varieties 
of  white  trumpets.  There  were  five  competitors, 
and  among  those  thirty  blooms  there  were  some 
excellent  flowers.  1 1  was  very  striking  to  see  White 
Knight,  which  to  me  will  always  be  associated 
with  the  name  of  the  late  Miss  Currey,  more  than 
holding  its  own  among  all  the  splendid  novelties 
of  the  present.  The  Donard  Nursery  Company 
were  first,  Mr.  Guy  Wilson  second  and  Dr.  Lower 
thurd,  .Mr.  E.  H.  Krelage  was  also  a  competitor. 
It  was  very  plain  from  the  family  likeness  of  his 
blooms  that  they  had  been  deliberately  selected 
A  close  inspection  showed  how  different  they  were 
from  the  English  type  as  seen  in  the  prize-winners. 
In  these  symmetry  and  refinement  were  all- 
important  factors ;  whereas,  in  the  Dutch,  poise 
of     bloom    and    garden    utility  were   what   were 


primarily    aimed    at.     I    was    greatly    interested 
in  all  Mr.  Krelage  said  on  the  subject. 

The  third  point  to  notice  was  the  excellent 
flowers  staged  for  the  Bourne  Cup,  for  which, 
on  this  occasion,  the  flowers  shown  need  not 
have  been  raised  by  the  exhibitor.  Dr.  Lower 
was  first  and  Mr.  Herbert  Chapman  a  very  good 
second. 

The  General  Meeting  was  held  at  4  p  m.  on 
the  afternoon  of  the  first  day,  and  the  innovation 
justified  itself  by  the  good  attendance.  Mr. 
.■^.  M,  Wilson  of  Presteigne  was  elected  President 
for  next  year.  The  Laws  of  the  Society  were 
revised.  It  was  decided  that  in  future  the  Bourne 
Cup  should  be  for  the  best  twelve  blooms  (distinct 
varieties)  raised  by  ihe  exhibitor.  There  was 
considerable  discussion  as  to  the  interpretation 
of  the  words  in  italics  when  they  are  applied  to  a 
firm.  Suppose  Blank,  Dash  and  Co.  are  a  firm 
who  deal  in  Daffodils.  Mr.  Blank  was  a  keen 
hybridiser  and  made  many  crosses  and  sowed 
seed  every  year.  Before  all  his  seedlings  bloomed 
he  died,  and  Mr.  Dash  then  sold  the  business  as  a 
going  concern.  The  new  partners  retained  the 
old  name  of  the  firm.  Could  this  firm  enter  the 
unbloomed  seedhngs  which  were  part  of  the  stock 
in  trade  when  they  flowered  ?  Opinion  at  Bn- 
mingham  was  very  divided  upon  the  point  and 
also  upon  this :     Could  the  seedlings  be  shown  in 


CAEDMON,    ONE    OF     THE     MOST     STRIKING 
OF    THE    POET    NARCISSI. 


April  30,   192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


221 


the  name  of  the  firm  when  Mr.  Blank  did  all  the 
hybridising,  or  must  the  flower  be  entered  in  his 
own  name  ?  This,  of  course,  refers  to  the  time 
before  the  firm  changed  hands  and  when  Mr. 
Blank  and  Mr.  Dash  were  carrying  on  the  business. 
It  is  a  vital  point  if  traders  enter  for  open  com- 
petitive classes,  as  1  think  they  should  do  if  they 
have  good  enough  varieties  to  put  up. 

Some  of  the  Best  Flowers. — Old  friends  which 
we  met  in  London  in  the  previous  week  appeared 
again,  such  as  Tenedos,  Royalist  and  Lady 
Primrose.  The  first  two  of  these  are  top  hole 
show  varieties.  I  was  glad  to  have  another  look 
at  them  to  confirm  my  previous  good  opinion  of 
their  merits.  Lady  Primrose  is  not  far  behind. 
To  me  the  three  outstanding  flowers  in  the 
Birmingham  Show  were  St.  Dorothea,  a  faultless 
pure  white  Ajax  with  a  narrow  sharp-edged 
trumpet  and  with  a  perfectly  smooth  overlapping, 
pointed  perianth,  4ins.  in  diameter.  Like  White 
Emperor,  it  is  on  the  borderland  of  trumpets  and 
Leedsiis.  It  is  the  first  seedling  that  I  have 
seen  of  the  late  Mr.  James  Coey's  raising.  Those 
who  know  the  story  of  St.  Dorothea  will  see  an 
appropriateness  in  the  name  now  poor  Coey  is 
dead  and  gone : 

"  Dorothea  sends  them,  and  she  goes 
Before  thee  to  the  garden  whence  they  came. 
And  doth  await  thee  there." 

— "  -A  Vision  of  Saints."     Lewis  Morris. 

The  second  flower  is  like  unto  the  first  inasmuch 
as  it,  too,  is  wholly  white,  but  there  the  resemblance 
ceases,  for  it  is  a  flat  centred  Leedsii  with  quite 
a  family  likeness  to  Moonbeam,  but  in  every  way 
it  is  a  better  flower.  The  Brodie  of  Brodie,  who 
raised  it,  may  well  be  proud  of  it.  It  is  named 
Silver  Salver — surely  a  far  too  prosaic  name  for 
such  a  demure  beauty. 

The  third  of  the  three  was  a  seedling  raised  by 
the  late  Mr.  H.  D.  Phillips,  who  must  have  been 
one  of  the  very  first  of  us  Daffodil  people  to  be 
killed  in  the  war.  It  is  a  Barrii  with  a  pure  white 
perianth,  sjins.  in  diameter,  and  a  beautiful  soft 
orange  brick-red  eye,  lin,  in  diameter.  I  think 
these  soft  shades  harmonise  so  much  better  with 
almost  dead  white  perianth  than  any  darker  or 
brighter  tone,  and  what  most  of  all  appealed  to 
me  was  the  perfect  proportion  of  the  eye  and  the 
perianth.  Like  the  "  Three  Old  Maids  of  Lee," 
I  am  a  bit  over-particular  perhaps,  but  in  Sacrifice, 
which  I  hope  will  be  the  flower's  name,  I  have 
found  one  that  comes  up  to  my  ideal. 

Rosary,  shown  by  Mr.  Chapman,  and  B  248/12, 
shown  by  Mr.  Guy  Wilson,  can  be  bracketed, 
inasmuch  as  they  are  swallows  which  herald  the 
need  of  a  new  definition  of  bicolor  trumpets. 
Rosary  has  a  pale  pinkish  fawn  and  B  248/12  a 
true  fawn  coloured  trumpet.  I  thought  the  colour 
of  the  last  named  particularly  pleasing.  Dr. 
Lower,  of  course,  had  some  very  nice  blooms. 
The  Sahib,  one  of  the  fast  increasing  number  of 
what  for  want  of  a  better  name  I  call  semi-poets,  is 
a  very  delightful  flower  on  the  small  sido,  being 
only  2}ins.  from  edge  to  edge,  with  a  bright  yellow 
eye  edged  with  just  the  right  shade  of  red.  850 
was  another  of  these  semi-poets  but  of  quite  a 
different  type.  The  iimer  segments  of  the  perianth 
were  inclined  to  incurve  and  the  eye  was  more 
graduated  in  its  colour  scheme  of  green,  yellow  and 
red.  The  flower  had  a  diameter  of  3iins.  Three 
seedlings  of  Pinkie  in  the  small  flower  class  were 
gems ;  one,  I  hope,  may  figure  in  the  Midland 
report.  They  were  what  our  sisters  would  call 
"  little  dears."  ■  The  poet  Caedmon — broadly 
rimmed  dark  red  and  having  a  rich  green  eye — ■ 
was  well  shown  in.Barr  s  group. 

Cordon    Ronje,    a  large-centred   incomparabilis, 
raised  by  Mr.  Herbert  Chapman;     Mr.    Krelage's 


striking  yellow  trumpet  31S  and  his  pretty  Leedsii, 
Clio,  with  its  lemon-edged  cup ;  Mr.  W.  A. 
-Milner's  Dovedale,  a  clean,  smooth  flower  after 
the  type  of  Miss  WUlmott ;  Racehorse,  the 
shapely  yellow  trumpet  with  that  dash  of  riflex 
in  its  perianth  that  Lady  .Moore  might  liken  to  a 
mule  turned  stupid  but  which  seems  much  nicer 
to  describe  as  "  won  by  a  head,"  raised  by  Mr. 
Guy  Wilson  ;  and  Leontes  a  good  show  incom- 
parabilis, practically  a  self  and  with  a  diameter 
of  3 fins.,  which  brings  my  list  to  a  close.  Other 
eyes  will  have  spotted  other  flowers.  Personal  taste 
is  still  of  immense  weight  in  our  selections.  Before 
this  is  changed  the  Daffodil  will  have  to  have  been 
a  show  flower  the  same  number  of  years  as  the 
.Auricula  and  the  Tulip.  Joseph  Jacob. 


Osnmnda  regaiis.  Iris  sibirica  and  Scnecio  clivorum. 
X  little  further  from  the  water  a  few  chimps  of  Bamboos 
niifjht  be  arranged.  Bamboos  eojld  be  planted  now, 
but  most  of  tbe  other  plants  should  be  placed  in  position 
ne.\t  autumn. 

DOUBLE  PRIMROSES  (Miss  U.  S.).— Our  correspon- 
dent's description  of  double-flowered  Primroses  assuming 
the  Polyanthus  habit  is  exceedingly  interesting,  and  so 
far  as  we  know  is  a  unique  experience.  We  liave  known 
the  common  Primrose  behave  similarly  for  one  season 
and  the  next,  to  our  disappointment,  produce  its  flowers 
in  tlie  ordinary  single-stemmed  manner.  The  temporary 
nature  of  this  umbellate  Primrose  was  the  more  dis- 
appointing because  all  the  flowers  had  only  four  petals 
each  and  we  had  long  been  anxious  tfl  fix  this  type,  but 
without  success.  As  our  correspondent's  umbellate  and 
double  Primroses  also  bear  single-stemmed  flowers,  we 
fear  she  may  not  succeed  in  fixing  this  most  desirable 
form.  We  advise  our  correspondent  to  mark  the  plants 
and  observe  them  next  year,  when  we  hope  to  hear  of 
their  behaviour.  We  suggest,  if  possible,  that  seed  be 
saved  from  the  Polyanthus-Uke  double  flowers  and  see 
if  any  of  the  seedlings  perpetuate  the  habit.  As  our 
correspondent  no  doubt  knows,  perfectly  double  flowers 
do  not  produce  seeds,  but  we  should  expect  seed  from  the 
flowers  described. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— TAe  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  THE  Garden  helpful  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  7tiatter  uhat  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  irritten  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covenf  Garden,  London,  W.C.2..  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  7noss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  seyid 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


TREES    AND     SHRUBS. 

•"TREATMENT    OF    MAGNOLIA    CONSPICUA    (H.    C, 

Nortli  Lanes). — It  is  not  advisable  to  prune  a  tree  of 
Magnolia  conspicua  severely,  for  old  Magnolias  are 
impatient  of  both  root  and  branch  injur.-.  It  would 
therefore  certainly  be  unwise  to  remove  the  Jarge  branches, 
but  they  may  be  shortened  by  3ft.  or  4ft.,  taking  care  to 
make  clean  cuts  and  to  protect  the  wounds  by  coal  tar. 
It  is  probable  that  by  shortening  the  two  vigorous  main 
branches  additional  food  material  might  be  directed  to 
other  parts  of  tlie  tree  that  are  now  becoming  weakened, 
thereby  strengthening  the  weaker  branches. 


THE    GREENHOUSE. 

TOMATOES  ATTACKED  (W.  M.,  Dorking).— The 
Tomatoes  are  attacked  by  the  black  spot  disease,  the 
result  of  a  bacterial  attack  through  the  end  of  the  fniit 
where  the  style  drops  away.  An  important  thing  in  the 
checking  of  this  disease  is  to  treat  the  fruits  so  that  they 
do  not  crack.  Keep  the  water  supply  regular  and  sufficient 
all  along.  Sulphate  of  potash  at  the  rate  of  loz.  to  the 
1* -gallon  can  should  be  applied  once  a  week,  as  the  skin 
is  improved  by  it  and  is  less  liable  to  crack.  The  diseased 
fruits  should  be  removed  and  burned. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

TULIPS  ATTACKED  (K.  M.  C.  Surrey).— The  Tulips 
are  attacked  by  "  fire,"  and  this  is  due  in  the  first  place 
in  all  probability  to  cold  winds  or  frost  which  have  exposed 
the  plants  to  attack  of  the  fungus  Botr>-tis  cinerea  {or 
parasitica).  The  fungus  is  also  present  in  the  soil,  which 
has  doubtless  caused  the  failure  of  the  beds  of  Tulips 
mentioned  by  our  correspondent.  Avoid  planting  in 
these  beds  in  future. 

DAFFODILS  UNSATISFACTORY,  AND  OTHER 
QUESTIONS  (H.  H.  S..  Crosshills). — ^Ve  recommend 
our  correspondent  to  give  the  Daffodils  a  dressuig  of  bone- 
meal,  usmg  the  finest  quality  now,  and  take  care  that 
the  leaves  of  the  plants  are  not  removed  until  they  die 
down  naturally.  Sea-sand  differs  so  much  in  sharpness 
that  we  cannot  say  with  certainty  whether  it  would 
answer  our  correspondent's  purpose.  If  our  correspondent 
■wishes  to  use  it  to  mix  in  potting  soil,  it  must  be  washed 
very  thoroughly  until  the  salt  it  contains  is  all  removed. 

HERBACEOUS  PEONIES.  AND  OTHER  QUESTIONS 
(Felsted). — It  is  quite  possible  to  procure  inexpensive 
single- flowered  Pteonies  from  any  of  the  leading  nurserymen 
who  specialise  in  herbaceous  plants.  These  plants  do  not 
object  to  a  moderate  amount  of  lime  in  the  soil.  Bone 
meal  and  fish  manure  may  be  given  with  success,  but  not 
in  large  quantities.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  thin  the  shoota 
when  a  few  inches  high  by  the  removal  of  the  weak  ones. 
There  is  certainly  a  white-flowered  Lavender  :  it  is  a 
variety  of  common  Lavender,  but  is  really  inferior  to  the 
type. 

PHLOX  STEMS  SPLITTING  (J.  D.  C,  Glasgow).— 
Various  causes  possibly  contribute  to  the  splitting  of 
Phlox  stems,  and  it  is  tlierefore  difficult  to  advise  on 
means  of  avoiding  it.  A  species  of  Tylenchus  (an  eelworm 
related  to  the  one  which  causes  the  too  well  known  disease 
of  Narcissus)  is  often  a  cause  in  all  probability,  and  there 
is  no  known  practicable  means  of  dealing  with  this  peat 
when  once  soil  is  infested,  short  of  avoiding  the  cultivation 
of  susceptible  plants  entu-ely.  A  dressing  of  potash 
(sulphate  of  potash  is  best  to  use  at  this  time  of  year)  at 
the  rate  of  loz.  to  the  square  yard  may  be  of  some 
assistance. 

SUMMER  PLANTS  FOR  BEDS  (J.  -U,  Hereford).— Our 
correspondent  cannot  do  better  than  employ  tuberous 
Begonias  in  distinct  colours  for  all  the  beds,  save  that 
of  diamond  shape.  That  one  might  be  planted  with  the 
pink-flowered  Ivy  Pelargonium  IVIme.  Crousse.  The 
Begonias  are  now  available  in  the  dry  state  and  should 
be  "started  preferably  in  greenhouse  or  frame  in  boxes 
of  damp  coconut  fibre  or  light  soil.  They  may  be  had 
in  separate  colours,  white,  pink,  salmon,  scarlet,  crimson, 
orange  and  other  shades  or  in  mixture  as  preferred. 

PLANTS  FOR  A  DITCH  (W.  S.  G.,  Braintree).— Water 
Lilies  may  be  planted  in  the  brook  where  the  water  is 
12ins.  or  more  deep;  any  of  the  hardy  kinds  can  be 
planted,  from  the 'common  white  to  reds,  such  as  William 
Falconer  and  fulgens.  It  is  possible  to  procure  plants 
to  place  in  position  at  the  present  time.  In  the  water 
mav  also  be  planted  the  Flowering  Rush  and  Typha 
angustifolia.  In  wet  places  about  the  margins  may  be 
planted  Primula  japonica,  P.  rosea.  P.  sikkimensis, 
Mimulus   luteus,    Irifl    Keempferi,    Rodgersia   podophylla, 


ROSE     GARDEN. 

"  ROSE  TREES  UNSATISFACTORY  (F.  R.  C,  Hants).— 
Possibly  the  Roses  were  injured  by  the  severe  frost  in 
December.  It  came  so  suddenly  and  the  plants  were 
then  very  soft  o\ving  to  the  mild  autumn.  There  is  no 
disease.  If  the  roots  look  black  the  plants  had  possibly 
suffered  before  our  correspondent  received  them. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

SMALL  BLACK  FLIES  IN  THE  GARDEN  (^y.  G.  B., 
Hants). — We  sliould  like  to  receive  specimens  for  identifica- 
tion then,  perhaps,  we  could  assist  our  correspondent 
more.  Smoking  is  usually  effective  in  preventing  annoy- 
ance from  fiies. 

CLEANING  A  POND,  AND  OTHER  QUESTIONS 
(E.  E.  B.,  Kent). — All  that  can  be  done  to  improve  the 
pond  is  to  clean  it  oat  thoroughly.  If  there  is  no  natural 
outlet  for  the  water  it  will  have  to  be  pumped  out,  but 
if  there  is  a  brook  or  river  within  easy  distance  it  may  be 
possible  to  lay  a  drain  by  which  the  water  could  be  led 
away.  From  what  is  said  about  the  lawn  it  would  appear 
to  need  draining.  Draining  at  a  oepth  of  12ins.  or  15ins. 
would  probably  be  sufficient  to  improve  the  grass.  It 
might  also  be  advisable  to  remove  a  few  of  the  neigh- 
bouring trees  to  let  in  more  light  and  air.  Climbing 
Roses  could  be  utilised  on  the  lawn,  but  it  is  doubtful 
whether  herbaceous  plants  woald  sacceed  in  tbe  position 
mentioned,  by  reason  of  the  shade  and  the  roots  of  the 
trees.  Ferns  would  probably  succeed  in  the  position, 
however.  Delphiniums  and  Lupines  would  last  for  a  short 
time  in  pots  for  house  decoration,  although  not  very  good 
plants  for  the  purpose, 

NAMES  OF  PLANTS.— C.  S..  Berks.— Billbergia  nutans. 

T.    L. — Veronica    serpyllifoHa. Daisy. — The  plant 

described  is  undoubtedly  Agathcea  ccelestis,  a  native  of 
South  Alriea. 


SOCIETIES 

;THE       GARDENERS'       PROVIDENT       SOCIETY. 

The  monthly  meeting  of  the  United  Horticultural  Benefit 
and  Provident  Society  was  held  in  the  K.H.S.  haU  on 
Monday,  .\prU  11th.  .Mr.  Chas.  H.  Curtis  presiding.  One 
new  member  was  elected.  Six  members  were  allowed  to 
withdraw  interest  amounting  to  £19  13s.  One  member 
withdrew  £66  155.  7d.  from  his  deposit  account,  beuig 
over  seventy  years  of  age,  and  the  sum  of  £3  9s.  5d.  was 
paid  to  one  lapsed  member.  The  siel;  pay  for  the  month 
on  the  private  side  amounted  to  £42  7s.  4d..  State  sectioj. 
£58  14s.  9d.,  and  maternity  claims  to  £10.  It  was  resolved 
that  a  dinner  should  be  held  on  second  day  of  the  UoUand 
House  Show,  July  6.  1921.  Anyone  wishing  to  be  present 
should  send  in  their  name  to  the  secretary  (A.  C.  Hill, 
35,  Alexandra  Road,  West  Kensington  Pari;,  London 
W.14),  ladies  are  especially  invited. 


222 


THE     GARDEN. 


%M^«MMMMl^tf*MMWl«MWM 


SCOTCH  GROWN  TREES 

It  is  not  yet   too  late  to   plant  new  hedges. 

We  have  a  good  stock  of 
THORNS,     BEECH,     O.L.  PRIVET, 

HORNBEAM,    etc. 

Sizes  and  Prices  on  application. 
WE     SPECIALISE     IN 

GRASS      SEED      MIXTURES 

for  Lawns,  etc.      Estimates  on  application. 

SAMSONS    LTD., 

Nurserymen  &  Seedsmen,  KILMARNOCK. 

Established  1759. 


m 


m 


i KING'S  Acre 

m 

m  FOR 

I  Plants  of  Royal  Worth 

I      BEDDING  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

p  of  all  kinds,  for  Spring  and 
^  Summer  Planting.  Reliable 
^       Stocks     of     youn<r     vigorous 

I      Plants.    VEGETABLE  PLANTS 

^  for     present     planting,     from       j 

g  the   finest  strains  of  seeds  in       i 

S  commerce.  ! 

^  Everything   for    the    Garden, 

p  for  pleasure   and  use. 

S  Interesting  Catalogues,  moderately 
^  priced,     free    on     request. 

I  King's  Acre   Nurseries, 

I  HEREFORD.     ^"^     p 

ANTIRRHINUMS. 

Our    New   Season    List    now    ready.       Named    varieties 
only,    including   latest  introductions.     ^^  i^^^ 

Owing  to  the  great  demand  for  these  popular 
Bedding  Plants,  which  can  be  had  in  such  a  variety 
of  pleasing  shades  of  colour,   the  early  placing  of 

orders  is  respectfully  requested. 
Aurora— Brilliant  orange  scarlet  with  white  throat. 
Black  Prince  — Deep  velvety  crimson  flowers  with  darlv 

foliafte. 
Bride.  The- Pure  self-while,  very  large  flowers. 
Bonfire— Striking  shade  of  orange  witfi  large  scarlet  throat. 
Carmine  King— Bright  carmir.e  red  self,  grand  for  bedding. 
Cottage  Maid— Charming  shade  of  solt  pink  with  white 

throat. 
Daphne— Dainty  coral  rose  with  white  throat. 
Defiance— Gorgeous  orange  red.    Very  showy. 
Dalila— Carmine  with  white  throat.    Very  pretty  shade. 
Firefly— Crimson  with  gold  blotch.    Very  striking. 
Fire  King— Glowing  orange  scarlet  with  white  throat. 
Golden  Queen— Lovely  deep  yellow  ^elf. 
Mauve  Beauty— Rosy  mauve,  dainty  colour. 
Nelrose— Rich  silvery  pink,  e.vcellent  late  bloomer. 
Sunset— Orange,  scarlet  and  pink.     Very  showy  flowers. 
Sulphur    >  ellow— Primrose     and     sulphur    yellow.    Hne 

flowers. 
Vesuvius— Tomato  red  with  yellow  blotch. 
Yellow  Queen — Splendid  yellow  self. 

Price  9/-  per  lOO.       Carriage  free. 
ERNEST     HILLS, 

THE  RHYDD  NURSERIES.  Hanley  Castle, Worcestershire 


THE 


"BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth    "  draw 
out "  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does    not   pinch 

or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    I/-    each. 

Postage  7d. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


[April  30,   1921. 


ROYAL 


SHOW 


DERBY, 


CHEALS' 

DAH  LIAS 

The  best  only  in  each  section. 


New    Illustrated   Catalogue    Free. 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
The  Nurseries, 

CRAWLEY. 


June   28th   to   July   2nd,    1921. 


80th  annual  exhibition  of  Horses,  Cattle, 

Goats,     Sheep,     Pigs,     Poultry,      Rabbits     and 

Farm    Produce,    Horse   Jumping,    Agricultural 

Education,   Forestry  and   Horticulture. 

HORTICULTURE 

Entries      close      May     2nd. 

Prize    Sheets   and    Entry    Forms   will   be  forwarded    on 
application  to 

T.    B.  TURNER.  Secretary- 
RuYAL  Agricultural  Socifty  of  England, 
16.  Bedford  Square.  London    VV.C.l. 


SECURE  your  WALL  SHRUBS,  Etc., 


EVERVMANS 

^V^//  C/ip 
for  iraining 

Trees.  Ramblers. 
Etc.. 

Box    of   50, 


from  DAMAQE,  by 
the  SAFEST  and 
MOST  EFFECTIVE 

Method  Extant. 
A  Qreat  Time  Saver. 

From 
Leading  Sundriesmen, 
Army  &  Navy  Stores, 
Civil  Service  Stores, 
Messrs.  Barr  &  Sons, 
etc. 
Medium    Size,    3/-. 


ALSO      EVERYMAN'S      SEED      SOWER. 

Price   1/-. 

If  your  Dealer  is  out   of   stock,  send   P.O.   and 

2d.   extra   for  postage  to 

HOUSE     &     GARDEN     SUNDRIES     CO., 

Dept.  Q.,     10,     EASTCHEAP,     E.C.3. 


LAWN  SAND 

MAKES  |MnS  like  VELVET. 


Unsiphtly  wieds  are  speedily  eradicated  and  Lawns. 
Tennis    Courts,    etc.,    etc.,    are    greatly    improved. 

Ask  your  Seedsman  about  it. 
STONEHOUSEiHort.  Dept.),  WEST  BROMWICH. 


The  Ma^tchless 
Ffertili^er  €?*«> 


Tins  9d.  Each. 
(1;3  post  free. 


Makes 
Sturdy 
Planrs 


5/9  I  Bacs 

,_      28  lb.  9/6     £■■" 

^^k  I  Carr. 

m    56  lb.  17/6      Paid. 

^  1  cwl.  30/- ' 


NURSERYMEN 
&  SEEDSMEN. 


Sole  MaDufacturers — 

HUNTER  &  GOW,  LTD.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  Liverpool. 


BLAGKMORE  &  LANGDON'S,  BATH,    | 

SUPERB  POLYANTHUS 


Awarded  2  Certificates  of  Merit. 


Mixed  Seeds,  all  colours,  1/-,  1/6  &  2/6  per  pkt. 

In    separate     colours.    White,     Yellow,    Fancy, 

Crimson,  1/-,  1/6  &  2/6  per  pkt.  each  colour. 

Last  year's  crop  sold  out,  but  we  shall  be  pleased  to 
booli  orders  now  for  delivery  in  August  of  New  crop. 


"IMTENSIVE    CULTURE 

THE  CLOCHE  CLIP 


IN    EVERY    GARDEN." 

PATENTED 
IN  THE  U.K. 
&    ABROAD. 

THE    CLIP    THAT     HOLDS. 

P'OR  making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the   protection   of  seeds,  plants, 
flowers,  etc.     STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.    Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used.    The  Clip  will  make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can 
be  handled  without  falling  apart. 

Price7/-d02.    Postage  9d.  1  doz.     1-2  dot      3  dot.  Carriage  Paid.    Cash  with  order. 
Particulars  will  be  sent  on  applioation— THE  CLOCHE  CLIP  CO.,   Guildford,  Surrey. 


EDDY'S     NETS. 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS. 

For    Fruit    Prnteclion.       Square   and  Diamond 
Mesh.     All  kinds  and  sizes. 

TENNIS     BOUNDARY     NETS. 

All  widths  and  lengths. 

TENNIS     NETS. 

Various  qualities. 

REPAIRED     NETS. 

All  sizes. 

NETS     FOR     ALL     PURPOSES. 


Samf>h's  and  List  of  Prices  from  the  Manit/acturers : 

JOSEPH     BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
BARROW-ON-HUMBER. 

(Sole  Proprietors  of  B.  EDDY  &  SONS.) 


April  30,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Spray    Early 

if   you    wish    to    grow    clean,    healthy    plants 
free  from    the  ravages  of  insects  and  disease. 

Spray  on  the  very  first  sign  of  fly.  The  longer  an  attack  is 
neglected,  the  weaker  and  more  unhealthy  does  the  plant  become, 
and  so  much  less  able  to  resist  the  pest. 

The  most  beneficial  wash  you  can  possibly  use  on  plants  (and 
vegetables)  is  Abol  Non-poisonous  Insecticide.  It  is  p:^rfectly  safe 
and  certain,  acts  as  a  partial  manure  and  ensures  beautiful  foliage. 

Used  in  the  Royal  Gardens. 

ipint,  1/5;    pint,  2/5  ;    quart.  4/- :     ^  gallon,  6/6  ;    gallon,  11/4. 

Treatise  on  garden  pests— gratis. 

Abol  garden  specialities  are  sold  by  tittrserytnen,  seedsmen, 
irontnongers,  etc.,  and  tnn.de  by  Abi)l  Li;niied,  Beltring,  Paddock 
Wood,  Kent. 


Write    for    particulars 
of     the     best     syringe 

Abol 

Specially  recommended 

by  the   National    Rose 

Society. 


Abol    Insecticide 


lEPETA    MUSSINI,    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
iIANTHUS    ALLWOODII.    10/6    dozen. 
.LPINE    and   ROCK.   PLANTS   for   any  given   aspect. 

10/6  ;  all  carriage  paid.     Cash. 


J. 


CATALOGUE     FREE. 

TAU  DEVI  N, 


WILLASTON,    BIRKENHEAD. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Garden   sboald  have  its    Beehive. 

Profitable,   easy  to    manage,   and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Send   far    inu<^triitcd   Catalogue    with 
Advice  to  Beginner  ■■—Post  Free.   _ 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 

Welwyn,    Herts. 


BEGON  IAS 

superb  quality  and  extra  large  tubers  for  Greenhouse  or  Bedding, 


SIMPSON'S 

S'UPER-SEED 
SNAPDRAGON 
PLANTS 

Spring  Sown  trans- 
planted plants  ready 
for    delivery    about 

May    14,    1,4  per  doz. 

(it   less    than     12     of   one 

variety,    at    2/-    per  doz., 

not    less    than    6    of    any     one     variety 

supplied),   25  or  more   of   any    one 

variety  at  8/6  per   100. 

Carriage  ami  packing,  which  must 
be  added  to  above  prices,  as  follows  .— 
Up  to  24  blanfs.  II- :  from  24  to  100 
plants.     1/6  .•     200    to    300    plants.    3/-, 

VARIETIES. 

Tall,  2)-3  ft. 


FelTHAM   Bkauty.  rose  rink. 

white  lip. 
THE     King,     orange    scarlet. 

white  tube. 
Yellow     king,     rich     deep 

yellow. 


Spring    sown     Sweet    pea 

Plants,  of       up-to-date 

var.eties.  See    our    General 

Cata!o>iue,  free    on    applica- 
tion to- 


Intermediate.  1U2  ft. 
Bonfire,  apricot  and  gold  : 
EleCTRA,  orange,  white  tube; 
FASCINATION.  rose  pink; 
GOLDEN  Gem.  yelli»w;  LADY 
ROBERTS,  primrose  ;  Maize 
Queen    improved,     apricot 

chamois;  MORNING  GLOW  IM- 
PROVED, old  gold:  Prima 
Donna,  peach  pink,  white 
tube  ;  ROSEUM  SUPERBL'AL 
rose  pink  ;  KOSE  QUEEN,  pink  ; 
SYBIL  ECKFORD,  pale  apricot 
pink  on  cream  ground;  WHITE 
Queen,  white. 


WH.SIIVIPSON  &  SONS  (Dept.  2).  NnrsetymeD&Seedsmen.Biimingbani 


T/-    per  dozen  SO/-  per  100 
56    ,,        ,,      40/- 
4/6    ,,        „     30/- 
3/6   ,,  24/- 

6/-     ,  42- 

5-     ,,  35,- 


>ubles,  in  8  colours,  flowers  like  large  Roses  and  Camellias 
lubles,  in  mi.xed  colours,     ,,  ,, 

ngles,  in  6  colours,  very  large  fine  shaped  flowers 
ngleS)  in  mixed  colours,     ,,  ,, 

,,  Frilled  or  Crested,  in  6  colours 

"  >>  ..  in  mixed  colours 

Collection  of  36  large  tubers,  12  Doubles,  12  Singles,  12  Frilled  Singles,  15 

nd  for  FREE  Catalogue  of  Named  Begonias  for  Exhibition  Basket  varieties.      Cyclamen,  Carnations, 
Iphiniums,  Gloxinias,  Polyanthus,  etc. 

NOW      IS     THE      BEST     TIME     TO      PLANT     DELPHINIUMS. 

=  have  pleasure  in  ofi^ering  the  following  Collections  in  specially  good  value  in  strong  ground  roots 
ich  will  make  a  grand  show  of  bloom  tAis^ear: —  r  j    a  e,  1, 

>Mection  A,  12  very  fine  varieties  quite  distinct,  including  several  of  the  newer  kinds  for    ...     50/- 

>    ection  B,  12  fine  varieties,  including  fewer  of  the  newer  kinds 40/- 

>llection  C,  12  excellent  sorts  in  the  older  but  splendid  kinds      20/- and  30/- 

CATALOGUE     FREE,     apply 

B  LAC  KM  O  RE       & 


LANGDON,       BATH 


RITO  multiplies  ail  Crops. 

Extract  from  letter  received  from  a  pleased  user  near  Bristol  :— 

In  every  case    there    is  a  marked  increase   in   growth   and    sturdiness   in    the 
portions  treated  with  RITO. 

Broad  Beans  benefited  50  per  cent. 
Peas  ,,         2S 

Seedlings  ,,         30  " 

Carrots  ,,         30  ., 

Onions  ,,  20 

and  less  fly  attack  where  used." 

Equally    good    reports     from    growers    of    all    Garden    Produce 

Prices  :-1     cwt.    23/6,     J-cwt.    12/-,     J-cwt.    6/9,    14   lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 

SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

•Manufaclured  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by.The.Molassine  Company  Ltd..  22.  Tunnel  Avenue.  Greenwich.  S.B.  10 


The  Rito  Smile. 


CHARLES  TURNER'S 

CATALOGUE     OF 

DAHLIAS 

for  1921   is  now^  ready,  and  can  be  had 
on   application. 


Tlie     Royal     Nurseries, 
SLOUGH. 


CARNATIONS 

Why  pay  high  railway  rates? 

TRY     MY 

Parcel  Post  Collections. 


PLANTS  OUT  OF    li   INCH    POTS. 

20    in  20  varieties 20/- 

50    in  50  varieties  ...  ...     50/- 

100    in   100  varieties  ...100/- 

All   Free    by    Post. 


C.   ENGELMANN, 

Carnation   Grower, 
SAFFRON      WALDEN. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[April  30,   1921. 


A  Booklet  contain- 
Ing  the  most 
Reliable  Garden 
Requisites    for    the 


(fi 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


J5 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion  of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   (post    free). 


ANTI-FLY  DUSTING 


A      specific      against 

Carrot,      Onion     and 

PflWRFR   Celery  Fly,   Maggots,   and  Cabbage 

rUilULII   Caterpillars.  NoEggs — NoMaggots. 

Prices:    25/-  cwt.,  14/-  J-cwt.,  8/-  28  lbs. 

Bags  free. 

I  HAM  F'"0"i  new  grounds.  Absolutely  virgin 
LUHIII  gyii  Satisfaction  assured.  Write  for 
sample. 

Price:   18/-  ton,  f.o.r.,   Midlands. 

I  AU/M  Stimulates  the  Fine  Grasses.     Dis- 

LHIII1  courages    Moss    and    Weeds.     En- 

M  AN  MRP     hances  the   Beauty  of  the  Lawn. 

Prices  :  30/-  cwt.,  1  6/6  J-cwt.,  9/-  28  lbs. 
Bags  free. 

n||AOC|A     Exceptionally   Powerful  Wash  and 
yllHUUIn     Non-Poisonous.       Death    to   Green 
EXTRACT    P'y-  ^'^-     Ready  for  dilution. 
Prices:  20  galls.  1  55/-,  5  galls.  42/6,  gall.  9/- 

ll/Cpn  (Electric)  Poison  saves  50%  in  Labour. 
"^^"  (Liquid  and  Powder). 

KILLER    Liquid:     5  galls.  ==  255  galls.,   31/6 
Powder:    4  tins  =    100  galls.,    18/- 
Tins  for  Powder  free. 

Carriage  Paid  on  Orders  of  £1   and  upwards. 


"Le  Fruitier" 

THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK— VET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS     CENTURY. 

AS  SUPPLIED  to  the  ROYAL  GARDENS 


"THE  ROYAL  GARDENS,  WINDSOR. 
"I  think  1  have  used  your  '  LE  FRUITIER'  since 
it  was  first  put  on  the  market,  or  very  soon  after, 
and  I  have  always  found  it  to  be  a  safe  and 
reliable  manure  for  Vines,  Fruit  Trees  and  Straw- 
berries, and  as  a  top  dressing  tbe  best  results 
are  obtained,  tlie  manure  acting  as  a  stimulant 
and  without  any  tendency  to  gross  growth  of 
wood,  and  improving  colour  and  finishing  of  fruit. 
A.  MACKELLAR." 

Prices: 
36/-  cwt.,   19/-  J  cwt.,   10/6  28  lbs., 
6/-    14  lbs.,    3/6    7  lbs.      Bags    Free. 


WM  WOOD  &  SON  L" 


TELE 


(LATE     OF     WOOD     QREEN) 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GRAMS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

IS  THE  BEST  FOR  GREEN- 
HOUSES 12  TO  50  FEET 
LONG.    MADE  IN  FIVE  SIZES. 


38.000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 


Used  in 
Gardens 
satis&ed       Amateurs 


the  R.H.S.  and   Botanic 
and     by     thousands    ot 
everywhere^ 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 


CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateu 

Tht;  second  fdition  of  this   popular  booklet  is  now  on  sa, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid.—"  Country  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Tavi.sto< 


Street,   Covent  Garden, 


EFFICIENCY  goes  hand  m  hand 

with  ECONOMY 


Zi^/te  name  Lever  on 

Soap  IS  •a 

Guarantee  ofrijrity 

and  Ejccellejice. 


£1,000  Guarantee  oj 
Purity  on  every   Bar. 


Economy—  or  the  Management 

OT  domestic  affairs   is  tKe 

Counterpart     of      Efficiency. 

;^UNLIGHT  SO.\P  effects  an  economy 
of  time,  labour  and  clothes  —  the 
result  of  its  efficiency.  Being  all  pure 
soap  it  is  all  cleansing  power.  Thus  it 
ensures  cleanliness  with  an  ease  that  is 
only  excelled  by  the  speed  with  which  it 
does  its  work.  In  Sunlight  Soap  science 
has  assembled  the  trusted  and  proven 
sources  of  cleanliness,  and  presents  them 
to  the  housewife  in  an  economical  form. 


Sunlight  Soap 


Sii!^SiIiSiiSKi^\\\\>NN\\\\\\\\\>X\^^^^^ 


I. ever  Brothers  Limited.  Port  Sunliqtit. 


!N!iSSiiK\ViK^>\>K^>0 


April  30,   1921.^ 


THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


WORLD     RENOWNED 
OVER  A  MILLION  SOLD. 


THE     PIONEERS     OF    ALL     THAT 
IS      BEST      IN      LAWN      MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "  SILENS 
MESSOR"  LAWN 
MOWERS. 


Green's  New  Century  Lawn 

The  ideal  Mower  for  sm; 
slopes,   banks, 
etc. 


Motor    Lawn    Mowers 
made  in 
^^  Sizes     12in.     to    42in. 


May     be     had     from 

any     Ironmonger    or 

Seedsman        in       the 

United  Kingdom. 


GREEN'S 
GARDEN 
ROLLERS. 


Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


THOMAS  GREEN   &    SON,   Ltd..  Smithfield   Ironworks,   Leeds,   and   New   Snrrey   Works,   Sontbwark   Street,   London,   S.E.I. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

Choice    Saxifrages,    over    70    species    and 

varieties.     Sample   Dozen,  carr.   paid,  10/6. 

Send    for    full    list,   containing    many    New    and 

Rare    Plants,    Free. 

FREDK.    G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 
ASHTEAD,     SURREY. 


BIRDS      DEFIED! 

ROTLESS    TANNED    NETTING.    UNEQUALLED. 

IN      LIGHT.      nEOIUH      AND      HEAVY. 
Supplied  by  us  to  Royal  Gardens. 
iO  by  1  yd.,  7/-.  9/6.  IS,'- :  2  yds.,  14/-,  19/-,  26/- :  3  yds.,  21/.,  28/6, 
39  - :  4  yds.,  28/-,  38,-,  52  ■ ;  25  by  8  yds.,  28/.,  38,'-,  52/. 

Carriage  Paid. 
E.  B.  HAWTHORN,  Ltd..  Dept.  E,  SHREWSBURY. 


APPOINTMENT 


j/rt-  TO    H.M. 

THE       KING. 


RANSOMES' 

LAWN    MOWERS 

"The.BESTin  the  World.' 


HAND  LAWN 
MOWERS  OF 
ALL  TYPES. 


Also 

MOTOR,    HORSE,   PONY 

and 

DONKEY    MOWERS. 
DELIVERY    FROM    STOCK. 

Write  (or  List  No.  101  to  :— 

RANSOMES.  SIMS  &  JEFFERIES,  LTD., 

ORWELL    WORKS, 

IPSWICH. 

Sold    by    all    Ironmongers    and    Seedsmen. 


/ 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT  SAFETY 
WEED    KILLER 

FREE   FROM  ARSENIC 

Simple  to  use.  Very 
effective.  No  danger  to 
Children,  Animals, 
Poultry,  etc. 


/ 


Pint  tins  1/9  each. 
Quart  „  3/-     „ 
iOall.  „  4/9     „ 


1  Gall.  Drums  7/-  each. 
5     „  „      27/6     „ 

40    „  Casks  £8  10    „ 


INSIST    ON    McDOUQALL'S.       REFUSE 
SUBSTITUTES  &  AVOID  DISAPPOINTMENT. 


IF  ANY  DIFFICULTY  IN  OBTAINING  SUPPLIES 
LOCALLY.  PLEASE  WRITE  US  DIRECT  FOR 
ILLUSTRATED  PRICE  LIST  AND  MENTION  NAME 
AND  A[)DRESS  OF  LOCAL  SEEDSMAN.  NURSERY. 
MA.S'     OR     IRON.MONGER. 

M<=DOUGALL  BROS.  LTD.,  V.f:,in^^^: 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses,  it  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way,  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  1  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

^  .,        „  „  Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

Registered  Trade  Mark  6295.       j„  ^^-^  Fumigator! 

Prices.— No.  If  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft.,  lOd.  each  ;  No.  2,  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 
1.500  cubic  ft..  1  3  each  ;  No.  3.  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses    from    2.000  to  '^.500  cubic  ft..    1/9  each. 

((  TTIVI  A  "V  "     '^*'®  ^^^  *****  '^°"'   Successful 

1  Hii^/^.^         GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It   is   rapidly  taking  the   place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1/6,  3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  buIU  at  reduced  rates 

FOWLER'S    LAWN    SAND 

ESTABLISHED    IN     1875 

For  destroying  Daisies.  Dandelions.  Plantains,  Ribbed  Grass,  Thistles 
and  other  weeds  on  Lawns.  Croquet  Grounds.  Bowling  Greens, 
Parks,  etc..  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  thi 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass. 

Many  preparations  are  on  the  marke'  under  this  name,  but  no  article 
diffe-s  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  money's  worth  generally. 

TO    BE    HAD    FROM     THE    TRADE    GESERALLY. 
Prices— Tins.  1/8,  3/9,  71- :  B:ih;s.  281bs.  11/-.  56lbs.  21/-.  ll^lbs.  39- 
Sole    Manufacturers:    CORRY    &    CO..    Ltd..    London.   S.E.I. 


ANTIRRHINUMS. 

Carnations,  Dianthus,   Dahlias,   Nemesias,  Verbenas, 

Asters,  Stocks,  Salvia,    "  Pride  of  Zurich,"   Pansies, 

ZinniaSj    Nicotianas,    etc. 

Write  for  our  1921   List  of  Sutnmer  Bedding  Plants, 
Gratis  and  Post  Free. 

DANIELS  &  SON,  Dept.  G.N.,  Wymondham,  NORFOLK. 


ABUNDANCE 
OF  FRUIT 


only  possible  if  insect  pests 
are  destroyed. 


SAVE  VOUR   CROPS 


and  Flowers  from  damage  by  using 


COOPERS 

HORTICULTURAL 
REMEDIES 


NICOTINE    (V2|    FLUID 

No  finer  Spring  and  Summer  Wash 

Destroys    Apple  and    Pear  Sucker.  Apple,  Plum. 
Rose  and  other  aphides.  Mussel  Scale  larvae,  and 
American    Blight, 
In  Qts..  4.  1,  a,  5,  20  and  40  galls. 

A.    S.    FLUID 

For    Spring    and    Summer    Use 

Kills  Aphis.  Apple  Sucker  and  Young  Scale  Insects. 
Economical  for  large  Orchardists. 
In  1.  5.  20  and  40  galle. 

MILDEW    (  V2  K  )   FLUID 

For    Rose.    Strawberry    and    other  Mildews,    also 
Strawberry  Leaf  Spot. 

"HIGHLY  COMMENDED^    ^waid   of  the 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  (or  Rose  Mildew, 
In  Qi.  Tins;  1.  2,  5.  10  and  40  gall,  casks. 

ARSENATE  of  LEAD  PASTE 

Destroys    Leaf-ealing    Caterpillars,  Codlmg  Moth 
Caterpillar,  Saw  Fly  larvae.  Pear  and  Cherry  Slug 
and  other  chewing  insects. 
In  1.  2.  5.  10.  20.  SO  and  100  1b.  Packages. 

TOMARITE 

A  Non-Poisonous  Spray  Fluid 

For  pievention  and  eradication  of  fungous  diseases 
on  1  omatoes.  including  leaf-rust.      Does  not  mark 
the  Fruit. 
In  Qts.,  1.  5.  and  lO  gall,  drums, 

WEEDICIDE 

Rapidly  kills  Weeds  on  Drives.  Garden  Paths  and 
Gravelled    Spaces. 
In  Qts..  }.  1.  2,  5,  10.  20  and  40  galls. 

Of  Agents  Everywhere.     Revised   Prices  on  Application  to 


WILLIAM  COOPER (iNEPHEWSL"' 


CHEMICAL  WORKS,  BERKHAMSTED. 


vin. 


THE     GARDEN. 


TApeil  30,   1021. 


SPECIAL    BARGAINS 


CLOGS 

AT  CUT 
PRICES. 


We  give  details  hereof  a  special  line  of  CLOGS 
which  we  have  decided  to  clear  out  at  a  loss. 
They  are  surplus  stock,  made  up  for  our  usual 
trade  in  excess  of  requirements,  and  this 
accounts  for  the  extraordinary  cut  in  prices. 
Send  in  your  order  to-day— there's  no  time 
to  put  off. 

C524.     Lacing,  felt  lined  Clogs,  strong  wood 
soles,  good  grained  leather  uppers,  shape  as 
illustrated. 
Child'ssizes,  7,8,  9.  and  10,  5,6  for  3/11. 

postpaid 3/11 

Boys*  and  Girls'  sizes.  11.  12.  13,  and  1. 

616  for  4,11.  post  paid     4/11 

Youth's  and  Women's  sizes,  2.  3,4.  and 

5.  7  11  for  5,1 1,  post  paid  5/11 

Women's  and  Men's  sizes.  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 

and  11.8,11  for  6,11.  post  paid  ...  6/11 

Irons  round  soles  and  heels  up  to  size  1.  9d. 

extra.     All  larger  sizes.  1/3  extra. 

All  our  usual  shapes  in  stock.    2  Buckle,  l-est  quality. 

8/11.  now  8/-  post  paid.     All  sizes  for  men  an  J  women 

same  price.      Wellingtons  and  strong  hide  Bluchers 

an  J  Watertights  all  reduced  10  per  cent. 

Send  for   our  Catalogue  of  Foot- 

\eear  now.      All  reduced  m  price. 

WM.  PATTERSON  &  SONS 

B89  OVERGATE  DUNDEE 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 


THE  MOST  PERFECT 

FERTILIZER 

FOR 


GREENHOUSES. 
GARDENS. 
•  LAWNS.  £.^ 


N  T  E  D    ) 


THE  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY      AND      CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf -mould,  ready  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  same  way,  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equalling  15cwts.),  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horttcaltaral  Society.  '•Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  1  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  VV.  VVlLKS.  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  eiving  full  Particular'^  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  Postcard. 

Mm-  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS.  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -^Q 

Prices,  including  bags  :    Small  (about  1  biisheL,  2  3;    Larj^e  (about  4  bushels),  6/-;    5  Large.  28/9  ;    10  Larg .-,  55/- ; 
'iO  Large,  100'-.         Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forwar<J. 

WAKELEY'S  £mp<re  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Guaran- 
teed Analysis  free.    Price,  including  bags— 

14  lb.  b.-)g,  3/3  ;   56  lbs.,  11/6;    lc\vt..22'- 

Best  Yellow   Fibrous   Loam,   4-/-.       Leaf  .Mould.   4/6.       Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 

Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.     Basic  Slag,  8/6.       Superphosphate,  1  2/6.     Bone 

Meal,  22/-,       Kainit  1  1/6,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda  30/-  per  cwt. 

See  Free  Bonkht  .is  ahnx-e  fctr  ftrices  of  smaller  qitantities.  also  other  goods. 

WAKELEY    BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    7Ba,     BANKSIDE,    LONDON,      S.E.I. 


No.  X.  : 

„  I. 

..  2. 

.,  3. 

,.  4. 


"ACME" 
WEED    KILLER 

~eE8TROYS     WEEDS,     MOSS,     etc.,    ON 

CARRIAGE     DRIVES,     OARDEN 

WALKS,     ROADS,     etc. 

Awarded    Gold     .Medal    Anglo-American    Exhibition, 
Bronze  Medal  Royal   Horticultural  Society.. 

POWDER    WEED    KILLER 

The  same  chemical  compound  as  the  liquid,  and  only 
needs  the  addition  of  water. 
Dissolves  Quickly  In  Cold  Water 
SIZE    OF    TINS. 
sufficient  to  make  12^  galls.,  2/-,  postage   9d. 
25         ,.         5/9         „  1/- 

50         ..         7/-         ..  1/- 

100        „      12/8        .,  1/6 

150        ..      18/-.  post  free. 
Tins  free. 
Lawn    Sand. —  Kills   Daisies,  etc.,    anii   fertilises    the 
grass.     No  other  manure  necessary.      7  lb.,  2/5; 
56  1b..  16/-. 
Soluble   Paraffin.— Mixes  instantly  with  water  and 
does  not  separate.      1    lb.,  2,'9,  post  free.      I  oz. 
sufficient  for  1  gallon  of  water. 
Arsenate  of  Lead  (Paste)  for  destroying  all  leaf-eating 
insects.  3/-  per  lb.,  post  free.     1  lb.  sufficient  for 
25  gallons  of  water. 
Extract  of  Quassia  Insecticide.— 1  gallon.  5/-,  carriage 

paid  on  .S  gallons.     Pint.  2/6,  post  free. 
Compound  Extract  of  Quassia  Tobacco  Insecticide.— 
Pint,  2/6:    quart,  4/-,   post  free. 

THE  ACME  CHEMICAL  CO.    LTD., 

TONBRIDGE,     KENT. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS. 'EUREKA"  Lawn  Sahd.  Soilfumc. 
NiCOTlME.lMSECTICrDES,  FUMERS.  SPRAYS.  AHD  OTHER  CHEMICALS 
»HD  SUHDRILS  Ste  UST,  PUASE  ASK  VCMJR  AGEKT  FOO  TRE  LUREKA 
AHnCLES-TMEt  ABE  ALWAYS  SATISFACTORY  IF  AtfY  OirFlCULFY 
>N   OBTAINING    WE  SCKO   DiOCCT,     CAPRIAOt  PAJO 


OnlyAddrisslTOMLINSON  ic  H*rW*RD  LT?  LINCOLN. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

i?   XT   a? 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and. 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


PERPETUAL     CARNATIONS 


If  yoii  are   bedding  out  this  Spring   write  for  cup 
Catalogue  (sent  post  free).     You'll  be  interested. 

We  have  a  splendid  lot  of  plants  in  5-inch  pots  ready  for 
prompt  despatch.  Our  selection,  in  good  named  varieties, 
package  and  carriage  paid  anywhere  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
at  40i-  per  dozen  for  cash  -ji-ifh  order. 

YOUNG  &  CO.,  Gold  Medallisf.  HATHERLEY,  CHELTENHAM 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


.so^ 


'S 


MVP^^ 


O^^^ 


On    the    market 
for      over     40    years, 
they  'itill  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over      the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      they     stand     unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description    of    Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 
and  Foliage  Plants.  Vegetables,  Lawns,  etc.,  etc. 
Vine,     Plant    and    Vegetable    Manure,     l  cwt..  36/-;      56lb.,     19/-;      28Ib..  10/6; 
141b..  6/-;  71b.,  3/6;  Tins,  1/6. 
Special  Top.Dresslng  Manure,  561b.,  19/-:  281b..  10/6;  I41b..  6/-;  71b..  3/6. 
Eir     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLET— POST     FREE     ON     REQUEST.     -•« 
SOLD         BY         NURSERYMEN        AND        SEEDSMEN        EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers  :      WM.     THOMSON      &     SONS.     LTD.,     CLOVENFORDS.     SCOTLAND. 


Tavistock  Street.  Strand.  W.C.2.  and  by  George  Newnes.  Limited.  8-11.  Southampton  Street,  Strand,  W.C.2, 
:>.-iot*»H   hv  Tmp   AvFKiiR   Prrsis.  .S-S  &  57-   Drurv  Lane.  London.  W.C.2 


Published  by  "Country  Life,"  Li.mited,  at  20, 


THE 


T?^  of  tl-.® 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


ol.  LXXXV.— No.  2581. 

itcred  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  S.V..  Post  Office 


Saturday,    May   7,   1921 


REGISTERED  AT  THE  GENERAL 
POST  OFFICE  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 
AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17  4:    Foreign,    17-1 


A  LAWN    BORDER  PLANTED  TO  A  COLOUR  SCHEIME. 


GLADIOLUS    PRIMULINUS   HYBRIDS 

A     BEAUTIFUL     NEW     RAGE    OF     GLADIOLI. 

Plant    now   for   AUGUST-SEPTEMBER   flowering. 

3    cuch    of    12    Beautiful     named    varieties,    21- 

3  .,  6  „  ,,  „  10.6 

Primulinus  (type),   beautiful  soft  Primrove- Yellow  Flowers,    lit.    2   to   3ft. 
Per   100,  32,6  ;     per  dozen.  4/6. 

Full   I\'scripiii-c  Calal0!L:ttc,  tree  un  ^ipplicafiuu- 

BJV    ^  ^  O  C  f^  IM  ^  11,      12      &     13,      KING      STREET, 

>\  K   K  Ot  ^  \J  t^  ^  ,         COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.0.2 

Bentley's  Specialities 

VJELELD     DESTROYERS 

DAISY     KILLER     (Lawn    Sand) 

INSECTICIDES 

FUNGICIDES 

FUMIGANTS 

FERTILISERS 

Catalogue     on    Application. 

Sole  Manufacturers:  JOSEPH    BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
Chemical    Works,    BARROW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 

ORCHIDS 

of    vigorous  bahit  and  superior  coDstitution.      A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  CO., 


Go-operative  Festival  at  tiie  Crystal  Palace. 

FLOWER  &  VEGETABLE  SHOW 

SATURDAY,    JULY     16,     1921. 

Over  J5300    in    Prizes. 

Open    Section  for  Co-operative  Gardeners,  Nurserymen, 
Allotment  Holders,  &c. 

Apply  for  Schedules  to:-Mr.  R.  HIB6ERD,  66,  Great  Prescott  St.,  London,  E.I. 


11. 


THE     GARDEN. 


r^lAY    7,      iq2I 


'THE    GARDEN'    CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

Tha  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Growep    of  England 

D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
Tha  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
ofall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata* 
logue.  Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS    AND    FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 

R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT  'cZsttZ'"" 

SOUTHGATE  decoration. 

Catalogue  of  our 
MIDDLESEX  new  and  beautiful 

varieties  post 
Established  1797  free 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
TwERTON  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphinluma 
Qloxiniaa 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINb 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Aci^es  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The  finest  stock  in  the  country. 
Wm.    ARTINDALE     &    SON,     Florists, 

Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  MOST  OF  IT.  A  new  and  practical  booklet  by  tbe  late 
W  TEUELOVE.  9(1.  net;  by  post,  lid.  Publislied  at  Hie 
Offices  of  COCNTKY  LIFE,  LTD.,  20,  Tavlstock  Street,  Coveut 
Garden,  W.C.2 


Garden  Sundries 


G.    H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  am  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  »"<'  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirementa 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.t  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humbkr 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Garden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Landscape  and 
Garden  Archi. 
teots,  specialise 
in  Rock,  Watar 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  1912. 


j.    CHEAL 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


&   SONS,   Ltd. 


LandBoape 
Qardenera 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


PULMAM  ®  SON 

Bf  A.PP01>TMENT  TO  MI5  nXJ^^TY 

I  71  NEWMAN  ST  axroRDsr 
■  L^ONDON  •  w 

NURgERIES  ■  ELSENHAM  essex 


Rock  -^aJer  n 
rormal  Gard«^n»  • 

Figures  ■Stindiab'i^-  I 


Mr.  wm.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St., London,  S.E.I 


Boiler 

List    No.    42 

Post  Free 


Perpetual  Flowering 

CARNATIONS 

SUPERB      STOCKS 

iif   all    the    be-;t    varieites  — fm 
Garden       and'      CireenhoiisL- 
selected  plants  from  3^in.   put^ 
A  "YW    ^^  "■    Jl        stopped  and  broken.      The  un 

r  ^31      ■  W^fl        dcrmentioned     collection-^    art 

^s^  -  ..A^iH  available  nt  Carriage  &  Pack- 
ing Paid  Prices  for  cash  \v,th 
order,  ^^uaranteed  stocl;:  — 
Coll.  No.  la.— 12  Distinct  Cm  Flower  Varieties,  24/ 
Coll.  No.  2a.— 12  ditto  &  Exhibition  Varieties,  27/C 
Coll.  No.  3a.— 100  Plants  in  12  best  Distinct Varieties,150/  , 

FLOWERING    PLANTS    IN     6in.    POTS. 
We  ha\'e   limited    supplies   of  most   varieties— really   siiperl" 
stock  in  bud— which  we  can  offer  from  35/-  per  doz..  carriagt 
extra.     Will   flower  shorJy,  and  continue  for  upwards  oi 
18    months. 

ALLWOODII-The  New  Hardy  Plant. 
Hal     Pink  and  half  Carnation,  throws  anywhere  and  flower^ 
perpetually    from    Spring    to    Winter.     The    undermentioned 
collections    are    availabL-     at     Carriage    and    Packing    paid 
prices  for  cash. 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  Distinct  Varieties.  11/- 
Coll.  No,  2b.— 9  DistinctVarieties  (Including  3  novelties)  23/e 
Coll.  No.  3b.— 12      ..  ..         (Includingalie     ,.        )40/ 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET    ed.    post    free. 

riilly   iUusirated  and   descriptive    Catalogue    ^■/.r<//.v   sent   fiost    fic 

on  request 

I  When  yon  think  of  Carnations  yon  think  ol 


The  leaiiin;  Carnation  Raisers  and  Specialisti  in  tbe  World,  Dept  4. 

HAYWARDS   HEATH.   SUSSEX 


CHARLES  TURNER'S 

CATALOGUE     OF 

DAHLIAS 


fell-   1921    is  now  ready,  and  can   be  had 
on    application. 


The     Royal     Nurseries, 
SLOUGH. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 


Choice    Saxifrages,    over    70 

varieties.     Sample   Dozen,  carr. 

Send    for    full    list,    containing    many 

Rare    Plants,    Free. 

FREDK.    G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 


species  and 
paid,  10/6. 
New  and 


ASHTEAD,    SURREY. 


PERPETUAL     CARNATIONS. 

If  you  are  bedding  out  this  Spring  write  for  our 
Catalogue  (sent  post  free).     You'll  be  interested. 

We  have  a  splendid  Itit  of  plants  in  .5-incli  pots  ready  for 
prompt  despatch.  Our  selection,  in  jioo-1  named  varieties, 
pacliase  imd  carriage  paid  anywhere  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
■It  40'-  per  dozen  for  cash   icith  (nder. 

YOUNG  &  CO.,  Gold  Medallists  HATHERLEY,  CHELTENHAM 

SUCCESS  at  the  Shows,  success  with  Howers, 
fruits,  vegetables,  and  every  subject  in  the 
garden,  whether  for  exhibition  or  private  enjoyment, 
with  permanent  continued  success,  not  woeful  remin- 
iscences of  past  glories  that  once  were,  are  assured 
by  the  purchase  of  the  right  kind  of  horticultural 
knowledge  in  consultations.  Something  to  show  now 
and  be  proud  of,  with  the  assurance  that  it  will  he 
better  next  season,  and  better  still  the  year  after, 
that  is  the  right  sort  of  knowledge  to  buy.  The 
memory  of  a  past  glory  which  docs  not  return  is 
the  wrong  type  of  knowledge  to  stock.  Yet  so  many 
still  do  it  and  are  never  satisfied  in  consequence.  A' 
recent  client  writes:— "You  have  given  me  very  | 
good  value  for  my  money." 

Mr.  C.  A.  JARDINE.  Consulting  Horticultural  Expert, 
cu  "  The  Garden."  20.  Tavistock  St.,  Coveut  O.uden.  W.C.2. 


May  7,    1921.J 


GARDEN. 


WEBBS'  BEAN  SPECIALITIES.— For  Exhi- 

jition  and  Table  Use.  Webbs'  New  Exliibition  Runner,  in 
Dacki'ts  only  of  1/-  and  2/6.  Webbs'  Eclipse  Runner,  2/6  pint. 
Webbs'  Niw  Bountiful  Dwarf,  1/9  half-pint,  3/-  p.  r  pint. 
IVebbs'  Supreme  Dw.irt,  2/6  pint.  WEBBS'  COLLECTION  OP 
HARDY  A.N'NU.\LS,  12  \arieties  for  3/6.  All  Seeds  Post  Free, 
'ilustratod  Catalogue  on  request. 
ivEBB  &  SONS,  Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  STOURBRIDGE. 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DEONS,  Azaleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Slaples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants 
Water  Lilies,  Border  Chrysanthemums,  Bedding  Plants,  Dahlias, 
I'ioKas,  etc. — JOHN  Wateeer,  Sons  <S  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
iurrey,  Twyford,  Berks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND   GLAZING 

_.,  YixROLITE "  superior  to  Wliite  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
iall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/-  per 
:wt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins,  3/6  each;  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
—Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  &  SONS,  Grove  Works, 
Battersea.     .\!;eiits  throughout  the  Country^ 


BARR'S  SEEDS  for  MAY  &  JUNE  SOWING, 

for  Flower  Garden.  Vegetable  Garden  and  Greenliouae.    Finest 
selected  strains  and  tested  growth.     Descriptive  List  free. 


RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Mnese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Refthe,  Keston, 
ient.  


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE. 

—The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
nauure.    See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

lOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
in  application.  —  Wm.  Duncan  Tucker  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
.'ottenham,  N.15.     


LAWN  GRASS  SEED— RYDERS  MIXTURES 

or  all  purposes  — ■  for  Sunny  Lawns,  Shady  Lawns,  Putting 
Jreens.  Tenuis  Lawns,  Cricket  Grounds  and  Bowling  Greens, 
^rom  40/-  per  bushel ;  smaller  quantities  in  proportion.  Write 
or  list.— Ryder  &  Son  (1920),  Ltd.,  St.  Albans. 


FERTILISERS.— Lawns   (25^-),  Fruit  Trees, 

rinefl  (23/6).  General  Garden  Use  (21/-).  and  all  other  fertilisers. 
-HV.  RICH.IRDS0N  &  (3o  ,  Skeldergate  Bridge  Works.  York. 


SCOTCH    SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

.er  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlothian 
;irly,  6/-  ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6  ;  Arran 
•-omrade,  4/6 ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6  ; 
Iritish  (Jueen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
iarly,  4/6  ;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
iarriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
ition. — Tiuie,  Whtte  &  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


LATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

iterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
isectlcide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/-  ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
old  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
ame  MoDoooall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
lester.     EstabHshed  1845.  


0,000  PAIRS  Men's  &  Women's  New  Leather 

LOGS,  42/-  per  dozen,  assorted  sizes.     Only  half  to-day's  cost. 
-TiYLORS  Ltd.,  Norland  lU.,  Netting  Hill. 


F  YOU   WANT   TO   KNOW   the   best  new 

hrysanth'-mama,  Dalilias,  Fuchsias.  Michaelmas  Daisies,  the 
amous  Earlham  Montbretias,  Gold  Medal  Phlox,  Violaa,  Zonal 
eraniums.  etc..  He,  send  for  H.  J.  Jones*  Catalogue,  post  free 
ae  penny  stamp.  Ryocroft  Nurserit-s.  Lewisham,  S.E.13 


"HE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants  in  Health 

id  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
/6  net,  by  post  8/-.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
ill  be  sent  post  free .  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
arden,  W.C.2. 


lURBAGE    ROSES.— New   Descriptive   List 

'  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plat«, 
I.  post  free.— The  Burbaqe  Nurseries,  near  Hinckley, 
eicestersiiire.    Established  1773. 


lOCK    AND    BOG    PLANTS.— i  ,200  choice 

irieties,  from  one  of  the  largest  private    collections ;    sold 
leap.     Lists  fre*-. — Uev.  Andebson,  Glenn  Hall,  Leicester. 


lEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Lneries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
suit  any  size  or  sliape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied, 
inguard.  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipes, 
lints,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free.^ — Thomas  Jeatons, 
vet  .Street  Works,  Brierley  HUl. 


BARR'S  HAND-PICKED  SEED  POTATOES 

at  reduced  prices  to  clear.  Full  particulars  on  application. — 
Bark  &  SONS,  11,  12,  13,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London, 
W.C.2. 

THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent !  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  Douglas,  Great 
Bookham. 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON    AND    WIRE   FENCING   for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  &  PAUL,  LTD., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921 ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Cole  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


SUTTON'S  FLOWER  SEEDS. 

BEAUTIFUL     ANNUALS. 

WORTHY  op  A  PLACE  IN  EVERY.'. GARDEN. 

Visitors  to  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Show  of  August  24th 

last  will  remember  our  flne  exhibit  of  Annuals  which  was 

awarded  a  Gold  Medal. 

Collections  of  Hardy  Annuals,  5/6,  10/-,  15/-,  20/- 
SUTTON  &   SONS,  THE  KING'S   SEEDSMEN,    READING. 


KELWAY   BORDERS   SHORTEN   THE 

WINTER.— NOW  is  the  time  to  go  over  your  hardy  plants, 
replenishing  and  renewing  your  herbaceous  borders.  Get  a  list 
from  KELW.WS  and  let  them  All  your  gaps  with  fresh  beauty, 
which  mil  last  some  years.  Is  your  border  beautiful  with  colour 
for  six  or  seven  months  continuously  ?  Write  to  KELWAY'S 
at  once  and  let  them  suggest  a  colour  scheme. — Kelway  &  SON, 
The  lioyal  Horticulturists,  Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


BATH'S  SELECT  SEEDS  AND  PLANTS.— 

New  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  choice  vegetables  and  flower  seeda 
and  plants  is  now  ready  and  will  be  sent  post  f  ree'oa  application. 
Special  terms  to  allotment  societies. — (Dept.  E.),  R.  H.  Bath, 
Ltd.,  The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S       GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "  Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  McDocQALL 
Bros.,   Ltd.,   Port  street,   Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT   TREES,   ROSES,  VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens.  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — HoDSON  &  SON,  68,  Castlegate 
Nottingham.  __^_^_ 


WELLS'     CHRYSANTHEMUMS. —Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratives  for  flowering  in  the  greenhouse, 
November  and  December,  5/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  in  May,  to  bloom  from 
August  till  October,  6/-  per  dozen,  or  100  In  25  varieties  for  30/-, 
Catalogues  post  free  on  applicatioa. — W.  WELLS  <S:  Co., 
Merstlwm,  Surrey. 


GARDEN    NETS,    tanned,    small    mesh,    for 

strawbfrry  and  fruit  protection,  30  yards  lon^,  1  yard  wide, 
5/- ;  30  by  2.  10/- ;  30  by  3,  16/-  ;  30  by  4,  21/-,  carriage  paid. 
— A.  SIMMS.  Netting  Works,  Rye. 


VIOLETS,  double,   *' Marie  Louise,"   clumps 

6/-  a  doz. ;  Auricula  Plants,  6/-  a  doz. — Reeden's  School  op 
Gakdeninq.  Newick,  Sussex. 


IRON      FENCING,      GATES,      RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Hose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Bailing,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preservation  of  Ironwork 
etc.     Catalogue  free. — HiLL  &  Smith.  Ltd.,  Brierley  Hill. 


HOCKEY,    GOLF,    CROQUET   AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  Vf.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND    FRUITS ; 

with  chapters  on  **  Drying  In  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Hkkbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Oardtn).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid.— Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Codhtry  Life," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINr 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.— E.   WALLACE  &  Co.,   Ltd.,  The   Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING    BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)    free.— 
MOORION,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


RUSTIC    STONE     CRAZY     PAVING.— 

Real  old  Somerset  stone.  Cheapest  and  most  effective  stone 
on  the  market  for  garden  walks,  terraces,  etc.  Also  walling 
and  rockery  stone.  Trade  enquiries  invited.  Sundials,  garden 
ornaments,  etc. — Gilliam  (Garden  Dept.),  Wellesley  Court 
Road,  Croydon. 


WATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12/6, 

carriage  paid,  different  colours;  choice  waterside  plants  10/6 
doz.,  Alpints  6/-,  9/-  and  11/-  per  doz.,  all  different,  named  and 
post  free.  Catalogues  gratis. — Bowell  &  Skaeratt,  Nurseries, 
Cheltenham. 


GARDEN    ROLLER,    weight   about    2   cwt. 

2  qrs.  Stone  encased  with  Iron.  Unbreakable.  45/-.  Carriage 
Paid.  Double  Cylinder.  10/-  extra. — OvERHiLL.  Whitecross 
Place,  Wilson  Street,  Moorgate,  E.C.2. 


McDOUGALL'S  «FUMERS"    iSc    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "Sheets"  for  greenhouse  fumigation;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc, — 
MoDouOALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


GARDEN  NETS,— Prompt  Delivery.— 50  yds. 

by  4yd3.,  stout,  24/- ;  fine,  16/6.  25yds.  by  Syds.,  stout,  26/- ; 
flne,  17/6.  Carriage  paid.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also 
Tennis  Boundary  Netting.  Cash  with  order. — The  Gourock 
RopEWORK  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


PLANT  NOW,  PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS, 

strong  plants,  10/0  per  doz, ;  best  named  var.,  20/-  per  25, 
£3  IDs.  per  100,  cash  carriage  paid. — Vander  Slcys,  P.R.H.S., 
Guernsey. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS    SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — Teeet  Lee,  16,  Uorden  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

by  A.  J.  Maeself.  A  practical  booklet  on  the  best  methods 
of  cultivating  these  popular  flowers.  9d,  net;  by  post,  lid. 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  Cofntry  Life,  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


GENTIANA  VERNA,  12  clumps,  6  -,  post  free  ; 

3  Bee  Orchis,  2/- ;  0  Dryas  octopetala,  4/- ;    6  Osmunda  regalis, 
4/-. — O'Eellt,  Botanist,  Ballyraagban,  Ireland. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  7,   192 1. 


^llllllllillllllllllHlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllH 

I  End-of-Season  Special  Offer  | 
RYDERS 

Beautiful  BEGONIAS  | 

No  strains  of  Begonias   (no   matter  wliat  — 

the  price)  can  surpass  these  for  immense  = 

size    of    bloom,    purity    of    colours,    and  = 

magnificent    form.  H 

Easily  grown    and  delightfully  effective  = 

For  BEDDING;        For  COOL  GREEN  HOUSE  ;  = 

For  CONSERVATORY,  or  as  WINDOW  PLANTS  = 

With  each  order  we  give  free  a  specially  = 

written  pamphlet  giving   full   instructions  = 

for    growing    Begonias    in    the    simplest  = 

possible  manner  for  every  purpose.  E 

TRY                   mmt    I          ENDOF-  = 

THIS                rS/-     SEASON  = 

WONDERFUL      *-'/           ASSORTMENT  E 

3  wonderful  Double   Fringed,  3   beautiful  E 

Single    Frilled,    3    lovely    New    Crejted,  ~ 

3  splendid  Assorted.    A  magnificent  collec-  E 

tion   of    12   choicest    up  to-date    Begonias  = 

for  5/-,   post  free.  E 

3  Collections  for  12/6  E 

6  Collections  for  21  '-*  E 

•This  Guinea  Collection  is  marvellous  value.  E 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  I 

^            Seeds,    Plants,    Bu  bs.  Tools  and    all    Garden  ^ 

=          Sundries  of  high  quality  and    at    low    prices.  := 

E  SEND    TO-DAY    TO 

I    RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS 


(Rider  &  Son  {/Sl'O     Ltd.) 
Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 


lllllllllllu 


W.  WELLS,  Junr., 

cordially    invites    all    lovers    of 

Alpines    to    visit    his    nurseries. 

Over  600,000  plants  now  in  bloom. 

List  ]ree  on  application. 


Hardy    Plant    Nursery, 

MERSTHAM,     SURREY. 


I  KING'S  Acre! 

^  FOR  I 

I  Plants  of  Royal  Worth 

I  BEDDING  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

p  of  all   kinds,  for   Spring   and 

^  Summer   Planting.      Reliable 

^  Stocks     of     young     vigorous 

I      Plants.    VEGETABLE  PLANTS 

p  for     present     planting,     from 

^  the   finest  strains  of  seeds  in 

^  commerce. 

^  Everything   for    the    Garden, 

^  for  pleasure   and  use. 

^         Interesting      Catalogues,     moderately 
^  priced,     free    on    request. 

I  King's  Acre   Nurseries, 
I  HEREFORD.    ^'^ 


HAVE  YOU   PROVIDED  ? 


THE     UNITED      HORTICULTURAL 
BENEFIT  and  PROVIDENT  SOCIETY 


P 


ROVIDES  27'-  per  weelc  in  illness  for  1/1^, 
18/-  for  9d.,  or  12/-  for  6d.  weekly 
contributions. 

ROVIDES  your  dependants  with  £10  at  death 

ROVIDES  you  with  a  Savings  Bank. 

ROVIDES  grants  from  Distress  and  Con- 
valescent Funds. 

Benefit  by  the  experience  of  a  member  who  has 
£150  to  his  credit  .' 

State  insured  members  may  pay  an  additional  2d. 

per  week  for  4/-  sick  pay,  or  4d.   per  week  for  8/-, 

in  addition  to  the  State   Benefits  and  £10  payable 

at  death. 

Private  and  Market  Gardeners.  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen  and 
Florists  up  to  the  age  of  45  years  are  eligible  for  membership. 

These    advantages    are    fully    explained    in    the    pamphlet 
(send  stamp),  obtainable  from  the 

SECRETARY,  35,  Alexandra  Road,  West  KensingtoD,  W.14 


Notes  From   Maidstone. 


APPLE     BLOSSOM. 


Very  seldom  have  our 
apple  trees  been  more  laden 
with  flower  than  this  season. 
In  our  trial  orchard  of  300 
varieties,  only  4  trees  are 
flowerless.  The  prospects 
of  a  good  apple  crop  are 
therefore,  so  far,  promising, 
and  those  who  would  like 
to  learn  a  little  more  about 
these  fruits,  and  also  Pears, 
should  purchase  "  The 
Handbook  of  Apples  and 
Pears,"  by  Mr.  E.  A. 
Bunyard,  which  any  book- 
seller will  supply  for  7/6, 
or  which  can  be  sent  by 
post  for  S/-,  by- 
George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDE 


OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAP 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  4Ib.  and  71b.  tins. 

All    Packages    bear    Maker's    name,    and    the    public    are 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 

OGSTON     &     TENNANT,     LTD., 

Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


EDDY'S     NETS 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS.  ' 

For    Fruit    Protection.       Square    and  Diamond 
Mesh.     All  kinds  and  sizes. 

TENNIS     BOUNDARY     NETS. 

All  widths  and  lengths. 

TENNIS     NETS. 

Various  qualities. 

REPAIRED     NETS. 

All  sizes.  

NETS     FOR    ALL     PURPOSES. 


Samples  and  List  of  Prices  from  the  Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH     BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
BARROW-ON-HUMBER. 

(.Sole  Proprietors   of  B.  EDDY  &  SONS.) 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT   SAFETY   WEED    KILLER. 

FREE     FROM     ARSENIC. 

Simple   to   use,    very   effective,    and    moreover   is   perfectly   safe. 
Guaranteed    free    from    arsenic,    so    there    is    no    fear    of    poisoning   children,    animals, 

poultry,  etc. 

Pint    Tins    1/9    each.  1     Gallon    Drums    7/-   each. 

Quart     ..        3/-        ..  S  ..  .,      27/6 

hGjW.    ..       4,9  ^0  Casks£8  10/-.. 


KATAKILLA 


The    perfect     insecticide     for     destroying     all     insect    pests    on 

Fruit,     Flowers     and     Vegetables. 

Destroys  Caterpillars  and   is  splendid    for   exterminating   green 
fly  on  roses  and  red  spider  on  cucumbers. 

KATAKILLA   IS    NON-POISONOUS 

Can  be  used  with  perfect  safety. 

If  any  difficulty  in  obtaining  supplies  locally,  please  write  for 

Price  List  and  mention   name  and  address  of  local  seedsman. 

nurseryman  or  ironmonger. 

Insist  on  McDougall's.         Refuse  Substitutes.        Avoid  Disappointment. 
McDOUGALL    BROS.,     LTD., 

66,    68,    PORT    STREET,    MANCHESTER.        Established1845. 


No  zs8  -Vol  LXXXVj  NOTES    OF    THE    WEEK 


[May  7,  1921. 


AN  efiective  colour  scheme  for  an 
herbaceous  border,  suggested  by  a 
reader,  is  to  group  the  plants  according 
k  to  the  prismatic  colours,  arranging 
^  them  so  that  the  colours  glide  imper- 
ceptibly one  into  the  other  as  they  do  in  the 
rainbow.  Green,  of  course,  is  intermingled  with 
all  the  colours  in  their  leaves.  It  can  be  intro- 
duced among  the  flowers  of  spring  in  the 
delightful  Daphne  Laureola  and  the  green 
Hellebores.  The  colours  may  be  arranged  thus  ; 
Scarlet,  toning  down  through  tawny  red,  brown 
and  crimson  to  rose  and  pink.  Cream  and  white 
plants  may  be  introduced  to  prevent  any  clashing 
of  the  shades.  The  palest  pink  merges  into  the 
palest  yellow,  which  increases  in  tone  to  deep  yellow 
and  orange.  The  deepest  golden  and  orange 
should  be  next  to  deep  blue.  Silver-leaved  plants 
should  be  planted  among  the  orange  and  golden 
coloured  plants.  The  blue  should  be  planted 
in  tones  until  the  very  palest  blue  is  reached.  It 
should  be  succeeded  by  "  faintest,  clearest  lilac," 
increasing  in  tone  to  mauve,  violet  and  royal  and 
deep  purples.  Should  a  screen  for  climbing  Roses 
be  placed  at  the  back  of  this"border  it  adds  greatly 
to  its  colouring.  Roses  to  tone 
with  the  colours  should  be  planted. 
For  instance,  Paul's  Scarlet  Climber 
at  the  back  of  the  scarlet  section 
and  Lady  Godiva  at  the  back  of 
the  pink  section. 

A  Handsome  Climber  tor  the 
Stove  House.  —  Beaumontia 
grandiflora  is  a  climber  that  has 
never  become  very  popular,  perhaps 
owing  to  the  space  required  for  its 
full  development.  1 1  is  best  trained 
over  the  roof  of  a  house  with  stove 
heat.  It  is  a  rapid  grower  and 
requires  hard  pruning  every  year, 
as  one  would  do  a  Vine,  plenty  of 
light  and  very  little  shade.  A 
fine  specimen,  trained  over  tl.e 
roof  of  the  Banana  house  at  Pans- 
hanger,  Hertford,  over  twenty 
years  ago,  with  its  large  bunches 
of  pure  white  trumpet  flowers  hang- 
ing downwards  and  its  large  smooth, 
shining  leaves  as  a  background, 
was  very  handsome.  When  first 
it  flowered  at  Panshanger,  it 
created  no  small  stir  in  and  about 
London. — J.  Anderson,  Clacton- 
on-Sea. 

A  Bed  ol  Double  Wood 
Anemones. — An  unusual  sight  in  a 
garden  is  a  large  bed  full  of  the 
double  variety  of  the  Wood 
Anemone,  A.  nemorosa  fl.-pl.  When 
so  grown  this  flower  is  wonderfully 


effective,  although  many  would  prefer  a  more 
natural-looking  way  of  arrangement.  On  the 
first  of  May  a  bed  some  6  feet  or  8  feet  long 
by  3  feet  or  4  feet  wide  was  a  mass  of  the  lovely 
imbricated  pure  white  flowers  of  this  double 
Wood  Anemone  in  the  garden  at  Benview,  Kippen, 
Stirlingshire,  a  garden,  by  the  way,  with  a  splendid 
variety  of  hardv  flowers. 

A  Beautiful  Pyrus. — •.A.mong  many  attractive 
flowering  trees  of  moderate  size,  P>t:us  (Mains) 
spectabilis  var.  flore  pleno  is  very  conspicuous 
during  .\pril.  A  round-headed  tree,  20ft.  to  30ft. 
in  height,  this  double  Pyrus  produces  a  profusion 
of  blossoms,  in  the  bud  state  rosy-red,  opening  to 
ro5y-pink.  It  is  a  native  of  North  China  and  is  a 
very  old  occupant  of  our  gardens,  being  figured  in 
the  Botanical  Magazine  tab.  267. 

Oxalis  enneaphylla  rosea. — Because  of  dainty 

grace  or  delicacy  of  flower  colour  not  a  few  of 
those  who  indulge  in  the  choicest  hardy  flowers 
are  tempted  to  put  plants  so  endowed  under 
glass — alpine  house  or  frame.  To  give  it  glasj 
protection  of  any  kind  is  a  mistake  ;  aU  its  exquisite 
flower  beauty  is  lost  thereby.  More  than  that. 
Coming  into  flower  quite  late  in  April  or  in  May 


when  warmer  conditions  are  expected,  the  plant 
quicldy  becomes  drawn  and  its  good  character 
destroyed.  From  other  points  of  view — the 
plant  being  quite  hardy — protection  on  the  lines 
indicated  is  as  unnecessary  to  its  safety  or  well 
being  as  it  is  bad  in  effect.  Conversely,  the  best 
place  for  it  is  a  cosy  sunny  nook  in  the  rock  garden 
or  a  good  position  in  narrow  border  of  choice  things. 
In  either  it  would  be  quite  conteTt  and  the  washed 
pink  charm  of  its  florin-large  flowers  fully  revealed. 
Positions  of  extreme  dryness  are  to  be  avoided. 

Freesias  Sent  by  Aeroplane. — We  have  received 
by  aeroplane  a  choice  collection  of  Freesias 
from  C.  G.  Van  Tubergen,  jun.,  the  well  known 
raiser  of  new  Freesias  at  Haarlem,  Holland. 
The  outstanding  varieties  are  .'Apogee,  pale  prim- 
rose ;  Amethyst,  soft  silvery  lilac :  Buttercup, 
deep  primrose ;  Success,  primrose ;  Conquest, 
rose  pink ;  Jubilee,  white  suffused  carmine ; 
Mouette,  creamy  white  suffused  with  rose :  and 
Le  Phare,  bright  carmine.  They  arrived  in 
excellent  condition  and  were  exceptionally  well 
packed. 

The  Bergamot  Mint. — in  the  Thames  Valley 
distiii  t-i.  and  probably  elsewhere,  the  ubiquitous 
plant  vendor  makes  quite  a  good 
thing  out  of  hawking  young  plants 
of  the  Bergamot  Mint  which  he 
has  gathered  from  the  banks  of 
streams  and  riverside.  There  is 
rarely  any  misrepresentation,  for 
he  properly,  or  at  any  rate  suffi- 
ciently, describes  his  plants  as 
Bergamot,  and  if  unsuspecting 
suburban  gardeners  confuse  the 
plant  with  Monarda,  the  fault  and 
disappointment  are  theirs.  .Any- 
way, Mentha  citrata  is  quite  a 
showy  plant,  and  if  kept  sutfi- 
ciently  moist  wiU  later  on  brighten 
the  border  The  itinerant  divides 
the  stools  into  little  clumps  of 
three  or  four  shoots  and  usually 
makes  the  moderate  charge  of 
twopence  per  root,  unless  he  is 
also  selling  the  more  legitimate 
herbaceous  plants,  when  the  price 
is  a  trifle  higher. 


FIRST-RATE    CLIMBER    FOR    THE    GREENHOUSE    (bEAUMONTIA 

grandiflora). 


FORTHCOMING   EVENTS. 

May  9. — United  Horticultural 
Benefit  and  Provident  Society's 
Meeting.  Bath  Gardeners'  Debat- 
ing Society's  Meeting. 

May  10.  —  Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  Meeting,  in  conjunction 
with  which  will  be  held  the  Tulip 
Society's  Show  (two  days). 

May  II. — East  Anglian  Horti- 
ctiltural  Society's  Meeting. 


224 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  7,  1921. 


RHODODENDROiNS   IN    A  WIND-SWEPT    GARDEN 

A   Notable   Collection   at   Castle  Kennedy 

[Planters   know   that    searching  wind  is  the  chief  enemy  of  Rhododendrons. 
In   this  article  Sir  Herbert  Maxwell  shows  how  full  advantage  can  be  taken 

of  shelter. — Ed.] 


A    YELLOW-FLOWERED    SPECIES    FROM    THE    HIMALAYAS 
(R.    CAMPYLOCARPUM.) 


THE    RICH    RED    BUT    PRECOCIOUS    FLOWERING    RHODODENDRO^ 
STRIGILLOSUM. 


HE  who  'allows  'himself  to  be  infected 
with  a  passion  for  early  -  flowering 
Rhododendrons  lets  himself  in  for 
more  anxiety  and  vexation  than 
attends  the  cultivation  of  any  other 
genus  of  hardy  plants,  e.xcept  Lilies.  So  ran  the 
course  of  my  troubled  thoughts  when,  on  the 
morning  of  April  i6  I  looked  forth  at  7  am. 
(summer  time,  quotha  !)  upon  a  lawn  as  white  as 

"  The  lyart  locks  o'  Harden's  hair." 
A  winter  of  unusual  mildness,  followed  by  a 
weeping  March,  had  stimulated  growth  and  brought 
out  such  a  "flourish" — to  use  a  Scottish  term 
for  blossom — -as  I  have  never  known  before. 
The  display  was  gorgeous  on  Rhododendrons 
arboreum,  barbatum,  carapanulatura,  neriiflorum, 
Thomson!  and  its  numerous  flaming  hybrids. 
Five  degrees  of  frost  registered  on  a  shaded 
thermometer  sufficed  to  turn  this  feast  of  colour 
to  ashes.  Not  the  least  vexatious  feature  in  the 
mischief  is  that  it  was  all  done  in  four  or  five 
hours.  A  friendly  cloud  would  have  warded  it 
off  and,  in  fact,  no  sooner  was  that  mischief  done, 
than  the  wind  backed  into  the  south-west  bringing 
warmth  and  abundant  rain. 

Luckily,  a  few  days  before  this  devastation  I 
visited  the  Earl  of  Stair's  grounds  at  Castle 
Kennedy,  and  a  note  about  the  great  plantation 
of  Rhododendrons  there  may  be  of  interest  to 
some  of  your  readers.  Mr.  Millais  has  recorded 
in  his  work  on  the  genus  how  the  late  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker  paid  a  visit  to  the  present  Earl's  grand- 
father more  than  seventy  years  ago  and.  being 
favourably  impressed  by  the  mild  western  climate, 
persuaded  Lord  Stair,  who  was  then  laying  out  a 
pinetum  of  70  acres,  to  plant  some  species  of 
Himalayan  Rhododendrons.  Sir  Joseph  provided 
him  with  seed,  chiefly  of  R.  arboreum  and  niveum. 
A  few  plants  of  R.  campanulatum  and  the  very 
scarce  species  Batemanni  and  nobile  seem  from 
their  size  to  date  frmn  the  same  period.  The 
gardener,  the  late  J>/lr'.  Fowler,  raised  an  immense 


number  of  plants  from  the  seed  supplied  and  set 
them  out,  both  in  groups  and  scattered  along  the 
broau   avenues   intersecting   the  blocks   of   young 
conifers      The  chief  enemy  of  Rhododendrons  is 
searching  wind   and  the  pinetum  at  Castle  Kennedy 
not   only  is  fully  exposed   to  winds  from  south- 
west   to    north-west,    but    occupies    an    elevated 
isthmus   between    two   large   lakes,    across   which 
the    gales    sweep    with    uncontrolled    fury.     This 
notwithstanding,   the  Rhododendrons  have   taken 
full  advantage  of  the  shelter  afforded  by  the  Pmes 
and   Firs,    and  nowhere  in   the   United   Kingdom 
is  there  a  collection  containing  such  a  number  of 
R.    arboreum.     They    stand    there    in    hundreds, 
and    of   their   dimensions   I    made   some   notes  in 
1916,  finding  them  to  vary  in  height  from   iSft. 
to     2rft.     and     in     girth    of     stem    from    23ins. 
to  siins.     There  is  none  of  the  blood  red  variety 
among  these  old  plants,   but  a  considerable  pre- 
ponderance   of    white-flowered    plants    and    also 
very  many  varying  from  carmine  through  shades 
of  rose  and  pink.     The  splendour  of  these  trees 
as  1  saw  them  on  April  12,  loaded  with  blossom 
so  that  on  many  of  them  hardly  any  foliage  was 
visible  was  worth  taking  a  long  journey  to  behold. 
As  aforesaid,  the  bulk  of  the  collection  consists 
of  R.   arboreum,  but  there  are  fine  specimens  of 
a  few  other  species.     R.  barbatum  was  17ft.  high 
in   1916;     R.   campanulatum,   20ft.   sins.,   with   a 
stem   growth   of   24ins.  ;     R,    nobile,    17ft.    4in3.  ; 
R.  Batemanni.  17ft..  with  four  stems,  one  of  which 
measured    32ins.    in    girth ;     R.    niveum,    i6^ft.. 
with  a  girth  of  27ins.  below  fork  at  ift.  from  the 
ground.     R.   Thomsoni  was   loft,    loins.    high,    a 
profuse  flowerer   but  it  is  not  of  the  better  type 
with  large  blooms. 

At  the  time  these  Rhododendrons  were  planted 
little  was  known  about  the  behaviour  of  the 
Indian  species  in  the  climate  of  Scotland  nor  of 
the  dimensions  they  might  attain.  A  few  years 
before  propagation  was  begun  at  Castle  Kennedy, 
Dr.    Campbell,    the    founder   of   Darjeeling   as    a 


sanatorium  and  Hooker's  friend  and  fellow  traveller 
in  the  Himalaya,  had  raised  and  planted  some  of 
them  at  his  place  Stonelield  on  Loch  Fjme ;  but 
there  was  nothing  to  guide  Mr.  Fowler  in  the 
management  of  his  plantation  at  Castle  Kennedy. 
The  consequence  has  been  serious  congestion 
in  some  parts  of  the  grounds ;  what  should  have 
developed  into  splendid  specimens  being  crowded 
and  crushed  into  leggy  stems  with  a  bunch  of 
foliage  and  flower  far  above  the  eye  level.  The 
present  Earl,  an  enthusiastic  lover  of  the  genus, 
has  many  an  excruciating  problem  to  solve  in 
deciding  what  must  be  sacrificed  to  restore  air 
and  light  to  plants  that  are  to  remain. 

One  regrets  that  a  greater  variety  of  species 
had  not  been  included  in  the  original  p'anting. 
R.  argenteum.  Falconer!,  Hodgson!,  campylo- 
carpum,  triflorum  and  other  Indian  species  which 
have  formed  magnificent  specimens  as  planted 
by  Dr.  Campbell  at  Stonefield,  are  whoUy  wanting 
from  the  original  plantation  at  Castle  Kennedy, 
That  is  being  remedied  by  Lord  Stair,  who  has  a 
fine  lot  of  young  stuff  coming  on,  both  Indian  and 
Chinese,  -Ml  that  is  wanting  is  years  to  allow 
them  to  overtake  the  grand  dimensions  of  the 
older  plants. 

The  evil  of  these  late  spring  frosts,  the  curse 
of  British  gardening,  is  not  confined  to  the  destruc- 
tion of  blossom.  That  is  heart-rending  enough, 
but  at  all  events  we  have  enjoyed  several  weeks 
of  display  (R.  barbatum  began  to  flower  here  on 
January  30,  R.  arboreum  on  February  15).  The 
danger  is  that  the  young  growth  of  early  starting 
species  may  get  nipped,  and  so  the  prospect  of 
flower  in  the  following  season  be  destroyed. 
Fortunately,  R.  barbatum.  Falconer!,  ficto- 
lacteum,  Hodgson!  and  the  like  are  late  in  starting 
into  growth  ;  whereas  such  things  as  R.  argenteum, 
strigillosum,  decorum,  Auckland!,  and  oreodoxa, 
are  grievously  precocious. 

Owing  to  the  firm  substance  and  waxy  texture 
of    the    blossonl,    out    trusses    of    Rhododendrons 


May  7,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


225 


A    GOOD    FORM    OF    THE    EARLY    FLOWERING    RHODODENDRON    OREODOXA 


retain  tlieir  brilliancy  and  freshness  in  water 
longer  than  most  flowers.  Beside  me  as  I  write 
on  this,  April  18,  there  stands  a  vase  containing 
a   truss  of  R.   neriiflorum  cut  on   April  9,     It  is 


still  perfectly  fresh  and  has  lost  none  of  its  soft 
scarlet,  less  strident  than  R.  Tiarbatum,  and  well 
set  off  by  the  myrtle  green  leaves. 

Monreith.  Herbert   Ma.xwell. 


in  their  firm  waxy  texture,  and  they  have  a 
fragrance  strongly  remimscent  of  Daphne  Cneorum 
• — also  of  Hyacinths — but  if  anything  more  powerful 
and  more  delicious,  At  the  moment  I  like  it 
better,  much  better,  than  any  other  bush  Honey- 
suckle that  I  have  met,  though  X  have  still  to 
flower  Lonicera  thibetica,  which,  I  am  told,  has 
larger  flowers  than  syringantha.  Farrer's  praises 
of  the  plant  leave  nothing  more  to  be  said.  All 
I  can  say  is  that  I  like  L.  syringantha  very,  very 
much  ;  that  you  had  better  turn  up  Farrer  in  his 
Yorkshire  garden,  read  what  he  says  about  it, 
and  you  can  take  it  from  me  that  all  he  says  is 
quite  literally  true,  and  not  a  bit  too  much.  After 
that  you  had  better  turn  up  the  plant  in  your 
shrub  nurseryman's  catalogue  and  order  a  few 
bushes  of  it.  Clarence  Elliott. 

Stevenage.' 

An  Attractive  Japanese  Azalea 

This  Japanese  Azalea  (Rhododendfondilatatum)  is 
a  very  conspicuous  member  of  the  deciduous 
section  of  Rhododendrons  during  early  April.  It  is 
an  upright  growing  bush,  eventually  5ft.  or  6ft.  in 
height,  flowering  freely  in  most  seasons.  The  rich 
rosy-purple  flowers  average  2ins.  to  2jins.  across, 
several  plants  in  flower  at  Kew  being  pyramids  of 
blossoms  about  3ft.  high.  This  species  is  recorded 
13  being  first  introduced  from  Japan  by  Messrs. 
lames  Veitch  in  1883. 


In  Praise   of  a   Bush    Honeysuckle 

(LONICERA     SYRINGANTHA) 


RECENTLY  I  was  dipping  through 
Reginald  Farrer's  "  In  a  Yorkshire 
Garden  "  and  came  upon  his  tremendous 
praise  of  Lonicera  syringantha.  He 
^  really  lets  himself  go  to  a  degree  unusual 
even  for  Farrer,  and  as  I  have  the  plant  here,  but 
had  not  flowered  it,  I  was  interested  and  wondered 
■ — as  one  is  often  compelled  to  wonder  in  reading 
Farrer — how  many  pinches  or  handfuls  of  salt 
would  about  meet  the  case.  That  is  the  trouble  in 
reading  Farrer.  It  is  so  impossible  to  gauge  the 
facts  and  decide  what  allowances  to  make  for  his 
passion  for  picturesqueness.  In  his  nursery 
catalogue  it  was,  perhaps,  easier.  When  he 
stated  that  Viola  nummalarifolia  was  "  beyond 
praise  and  beyond  price,"  at  least  one  could  run 
one's  eye  along  to  the  £  s.  d.  column  to  find  that 
its  catalogue  value  was  only  7s.  6d.  But  his  books 
are  almost  as  difficult  of  accurate  interpretation 
as  the  average  telegram. 

When  he  prods  poor  Campanula  pusilla  Miss 
Willmott  with  the  sharpest  iron  and  bitterest 
gall  of  his  pen,  what  is  he  really  getting  at  ?  With 
his  praises  one  can  generally  agree  in  principle, 
if  not  entirely  in  degree.  It  is  his  prods  which  are 
the  more  difficult  to  gauge  and  account  for.  Well, 
so  far  as  his  praises  of  Lonicera  syringantha  are 
concerned  I  agree  with  every  word  he  says.  After 
reading  him  in  the  evening  and  being  left  wondering, 
I  found  my  own  two  bushes  of  it  in  full  flower  the 
following  morning,  and  I  know  now  that  I  can  take 
every  word  of  Farrer's  praise  of  it  quite  literally. 
One  of  my  bushes  is  grooving  up  the  end  of  a  half- 
sunk  greenhouse,  where  I  do  much  of  my  hybridis- 
ing. It  faces  west  and  the  sim  stands  on  to  it 
from  the  south.  It  is  in  ordinary  loam,  seems 
perfectly  happy  and  vigorous,  and  is  now  about 
4ft.  high.     The  other  is  only  a  couple  of  feet  high. 


It  grows  at  the  front  of  an  open  shrub  border 
and  is  forming  a  low  spreading  bush.  The  leaves 
are  bluish  green,  neat  and  pointed.  The  flowers, 
which  are  arranged  in  pairs,  gathered  into  little 
crowds  around  the  bases  of  the  twigs,  are  like  large 
pink    Daphne   blossoms,    ^in.    across.    Daphne-like 


Rhododendron    oreotrephes 

Mr.  George  Forrest  describes  R.  oreotrephes  as 
an  evergreen  tree  or  large  shrub,  15ft.  to  25ft.[  in 
height.  He  first  met  with  it  in  June,  1906,  growing 
on  the  grassy  mountain  slopes  of  the  Lichiang  Range 
at  a  height  of  ii.oooft.  to  i2,oooft.  Forrest's 
Nos.  5,873,  10,210  and  10,297  all  represent  R. 
oreotrephes,  the  delicate  colouring  of  the  flowers 
varying  from  a  pearly  grey  lavender  to  rosy 
lavender.  The  ovate  leathery  leaves  are  2ius.  to 
sins,  long  and  half  as  broad.  A  pale  violet  sheen 
or  bloom  on  the  stems  and  foliage  is  very  conspicu- 
ous. The  flowers  are  broadly  funnel-shaped,  borne 
in  clusters  of  about  three  to  five  blooms. 


k-  --.->-- 


A     RHODODENDRON     THAT    IS    DESTINED    TO    W 

COLOURING.        (R. 


l'i;.\L    TO    ALL    BY    VIRTUE    OF    ITS    DELICATE 
OREOTREPHES.) 


226 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  7,  1921. 


WHAT    IS   A   BORDER 
CARNATION  ? 

The  National  Carnation  Society 
Criticised  by  a    Modern   Raiser 

1  GREATLY  admire  the  spirit  in  the  lettir 
of  "  London  Carnation  Amateur"  in  your 
issue  of  April  16.  The  truth  of  his  remarks 
cannot  be  ignored.  The  Border  Carnation 
has  become  a  pampered  pet  of  refined  tastes 
and  delicate  constitution,  instead  of  being 
developed  for  robustness  and  hardiness. 

Mr.  J.  L.  Gibson' s  reply  was  splendid  :  no  one 
can  deny  the  accuracy  of  his  statements  ;  but 
the  fact  remains  that  the  Border  Carnation  is 
developed  as  an  exhibition  flower  and  not  as  a 
hardy  garden  plant. 

For  years  our  firm  has  been  engaged  upon 
developing  a  new  race  of  really  hardy  Border 
Carnations  from  certain  hardy  seedlings  of 
Perpetual  -  flowering  Carnations 
which  we  have  been  crossing 
with  the  hardiest  varieties  of  old 
Border  kinds ;  the  new  race  of 
Perpetual  Border  Carnations  are 
the  result.  These  have  the  true 
Border  form,  continuous  flowering 
from  June  to  November  in  the 
open,  and  withal  have  an  exceed- 
ingly hardy  robust  constitution, 
as  is  so  often  the  case  with  a 
mongrel  race.  These  winter 
outdoors  splendidly  in  the  wet, 
heavy  clay  of  our  Wivelsfield 
Nurseries ;  they  are  readily 
propagated  by  cuttings  or  layers 
during  the  summer,  and  flower 
within  nine  months  from  seed, 
producing  quite  90  per  cent, 
double  flowers. 

But  here  is  a  spectacle.  The 
very  society  which  exists  to 
further  the  interests  of  Border 
Carnations,  viz ,  the  conservative 
National  Carnation  Society,  refused 
our  offer  of  special  prizes  to 
encourage  the  cultivation  of  this 
new  race  of  hardy  Perpetual 
Border  Carnations,  at  their 
London  show  on  July  26,  for- 
sooth. I  imagine  because  they 
are  new.  They  apparently  must 
retain  the  old-fashioned  rules  and 
regulations  as  to  form  and 
petalage  laid  down  many  years 
ago  by  a  few  men  in  a  back  room 
at  Cambridge.  The  man  in  the 
street,  the  teeming  multitudes  of 
to-day,  who  have  a  back  garden 
or  an  allotment,  but  no  frame  or 
greenhouse,  want  to  grow  and 
show  liardy  Carnations ;  the 
new  Perpetual  Border  race  has 
been  developed  for  the  millions 
who  are  enthusiastic  if  not  expert 
growers  of  Carnations.  Exactly 
the  same  encouragement  was  met 
by  our  new  race  of  hardy  plants, 
Diahthus  AUwoodii,  when  special  prizes  were  offered. 
This  was  met  by  a  direct  refusal  from  the  National 
Carnation  Society,  although  some  members  of 
the  Committee  admitted  their  beauty  and  adapt- 
ability for  show  purposes  and  wished  to  include 
them  in  their  shows. 

All  committees  of  horticultural  societies  must 
remember  that  it  is  the  public  who  are  the  real 
judges   and    the   only  people   who  really  matter. 


The  fact  that  the  demand  for  our  Perpetual 
Border  Carnations  and  Dianthus  AUwoodii 
each  season  since  their  introduction  has  always 
exceeded  the  supply  is  proof  positive  that 
the  general  public  want  really  hardy  per- 
petual-flowering races  of  Carnations,  and  these 
we  are  now  producing  in  endless  thousands. 
In    the    meantime    why    not   approach  the  Royal 


Horticultural  Society  to  hold  a  trial  at  Wisley 
of  all  Border  Carnations,  Pinks,  AUwoodii  and 
hardy  Carnation  hybrids  from  autumn-planted 
stock,  so  that  their  hardiness  and  value  as  garden 
decorative  plants  can  be  thoroughly  tested  ;  but 
these  should  be  judged  by  men  with  modern 
minds,  and  not  the  idealists  of  the  past. 
Havward's  Heath.        Mo.stagu  C.  Allwood. 


BETTER    MANAGEMENT   OF   CONSERVATORY 

FLOWERS 

The    Main    Causes    of   Failure   with    Greenhouse  Primulas 


THE  Primrose  family  now  comprises 
plants  of  a  wonderful  range  of  colour 
and  habit  of  growth,  many  of  the  rarer 
sorts  being  very  beautiful  when  grown 
in  pots,  but  the  difficulties  attending 
the  cultivation  of  many  of  them  and  their  com- 


A     DAINTY    TABLE    PLANT,    PRIMULA    MALACOIDES    ROSE    QUEEN. 


parative  insignificance,  unless  in  very  large  masses, 
precludes  their  being  widely  grown  for  conservatory 
decoration.  Indeed,  for  all  practical  purposes 
only  some  four  or  five  kinds  are  in  popular  favour 
for  this  purpose,  and  it  is  of  these  I  now  treat, 
as,  unfortunately,  their  simple  wants  do  not  seem 
to  be  universally  known,  judging  from  the  poor 
specimens  often  met  with.  In  many  cases  too 
late  sowing  is  one  of  the  main  causes  of  failure. 


while  the  employment  of  too  much  artificial  heat 
is  also  detrimental  to  the  well  being  of  the  plants. 
The  three  distinct  kinds,  P.  sinensis,  P.  kewensis  and 
P.  obconica,  should,  if  really  handsome  plants  are 
desired,  be  sown  early;  the  earlier  the  better,  though 
good  results  may  be  obtained  by  sowing  this  month. 
While  the  seeds  can  be  germinated 
in  a  temperature  of  70°  to  75°,  it 
will  be  found  that  much  better 
results  are  had  with  a  steady 
moist  warmth  of  55°  to  60°. 
Nothing  elaborate  in  the  way  of 
soil  is  necessary  when  sowing  the 
seeds,  a  mixture  of  fresh  loam, 
sweet  leaf-mould  and  sharp  sand 
in  about  equal  proportions  being 
excellent.  I  note  that  one  of  the 
most  famous  growers  of  P.  obconica 
advises  that  no  leaf- mould  be  used, 
but  on  testing  this  I  could  find 
no  difference  in  plants  raised  with 
the  above  mixture  and  others 
sown  in  loam  and  sand  only. 
Sow  very  thinly  and  cover  care- 
fully but  lightly  with  finely  sifted 
soil.  Give  a  gentle  watering  and 
cover  the  pans  with  a  sheet  of  glass 
and  a  piece  of  paper.  Primulas 
germinate  very  unevenly,  but  good 
seed  will  begin  to  show  signs  of 
life  in  ten  to  fifteen  days.  As 
growth  appears  remove  the  paper, 
but  always  shade  from  all  sun- 
shine. Never  allow  the  soil  to 
get  dry,  but  at  the  same  time 
guard  against  saturation.  The 
glass  should  be  tilted  a  little  as 
soon  as  a  fair  number  of  seed- 
lings appear  through  the  soil,  and 
a  few  days  later  it  may  be 
removed  altogether.  When  the 
little  plants  show  the  first  true 
leaf  prick  off  carefully  into 
ordinary  cutting  boxes  of  some- 
what similar  soil  to  that  in 
which  the  seed  was  sown.  This 
is  better  than  transferring  to 
thumb  pots,  as  the  soil  in  the 
box  can  be  kept  moister  and 
cooler  than  is  possible  when  pots 
are  used. 

In  due  course  the  plants  will  be 
strong  enough  to  be  transferred 
to  3-inch  pots.  The  soil  should 
now  consist  of  three  parts  best  fibrous  loam, 
two  parts  sweet  flakey  leaf-mould  and  one  part 
sharp  clean  sand.  If  available,  a  half  part  of 
very  rotten  old  manure  may  be  added,  or  else  a 
4-inch  potful  of  Ichthemic  guano  to  a  barrow- 
load  of  soil.  Mix  thoroughly  and  use  rather  dry 
than  wet.  The  pots  must  be  quite  clean  and 
dry,  and  one  piece  of  crock  in  the  bottom  will  ■ 
suffice.  " 


May  7, 


1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


227 


The  soil  must  be  made  only  moderately  firm. 
Water  well  after  potting  and  return  to  a  house 
with  a  temperature  of  about  55°.  Shade  from 
all  sunshine  and  give  water  with  great  caution. 

On  bright  warm  days  a  gentle  sprinkle  over- 
head in  the  evening  is  beneficial.  As  soon  as  the 
little  pots  are  fairly  filled  with  roots  remo\'e  to  a 
cold  frame  havir  ,  a  northern  aspect.  Keep 
rather  close  for  a  day  or  two,  afterwards  gradually 


poor  weedy  kinds,  and  the  results  are  so  nauch 
more  pleasing.  P.  malacoides  is  another  gem 
when  well  grown.  Seed  of  this  should  also  be  sown 
in  May,  after-treatment  being  mucli  the  same  as 
detailed  above  for  other  Primulas.  The  worst 
enemy  of  this  pretty  little  plant  is  damp.  Water- 
ing must  be  very  carefully  attended  to,  especially 
in  late  autumn  and  winter,  while  overpotting 
must    also   be    guarded    against.     Five-inch    pots. 


PRIMULA    OBCONICA    CHENIES    STRAIN. 


admitting  plenty  of  air  by  tilting  the  sashes  at 
the  back. 

Ten  days  after  removal  to  the  frame  the  final 
shift  can  be  given.  Use  similar  soil  but  in  a 
rougher  state,  and  add  a  5|-inch  potful  of  Thomson's 
Plant  Manure  and  a  6-inch  potful  of  bone-meal 
to'each  barrowload  of  soil,  omitting  the  Ichthemic 
guano.  Make  the  soil  evenly  firm,  but  not  hard, 
and  water  with  judgment,  as  too  much  or  too 
little  are  equally  disastrous.  Always  shade  from 
bright  sunshine  and  nip  out  all  flower-stems  as 
they  appear  up  till  November,  when  they  may 
be  left  to  develop.  By  the  middle  of  September 
remove  to  a  heated  structure,  keeping  near  the 
glass.  It  is  not  frost  so  much  as  damp  that  is 
to  be  dreaded,  so  housing  the  plants  is  a  necessity. 
Air  well  but  judiciously,  and  feed  regularly  with 
weak  liquid  manure.  Clear  soot-water  is  also 
excellent  for  these  Primiilas,  as  is  a  heaped  table- 
spoonful  of  Ichthemic  guano  stirred  into  a  gallon 
of  clean  water.     Use  about  twice  a  week. 

It  is  always  advisable  to  secure  a  good  strain 
of  seed,    as    these    are    just    as    easily    grown    as 


as  a  rule,  are  large  enough  for  P.  malacoides, 
very  good  specimens  being  often  seen  in  the 
4-inch  size.  The  other  Primulas  named  above 
do  best  when  confined  to  comparatively  small 
pots.  The  very  strongest  plants  may  have  the 
6-inch  size,  the  others  being  accommodated  in 
5-inch  pots.  C.  Bl.^ir. 

Preston  House  Gardens,  Linlithgow. 


Flowers   of    Bygone   Days 

Can  They  be   Revived? 
By  W.   Cuthbertson,  j.p.,  v.m.h. 

A  T   a  recent   meeting  of    the    Royal     Horti- 

/\        cultural  Society  I  had  in  my  buttonhole 

/    %      a  very  good  gold-laced   Polyanthus.     I 

/~""^%    was    surprised    that    so    many    people 

»  ^  conmiented  on  it.     The  versatile  "  J.  J." 

(Rev.   Joseph   Jacob)   commenced    to   talk    about 

the  old  named  sorts  Cheshire  Favourite,   Lancer, 

William  IV,  and  others  which  I  have  known  a  little 


about  thirty  or  forty  yeais  ago.  Then  my  simple 
little  flower  formed  a  text  for  my  most  up-to-date 
friend,  Mr.  Montagu  Allwood.  He  told  me  he 
was  interested  in  the  old  florists'  Carnations  of 
sixty  years  ago,  and  was  trying  to  lay  his  hands 
o.i  them,  varieties  like  Admiral  Curzou,  Justice 
Shallow,  Rifleman  Dan  Godfrey,  Mayor  of  Notting- 
ham, Squire  Meynell  and  Jenny  Lind.  That  made 
me  think  of  a  week-end  I  once  spent  at  Oxford 
with  Mr.  E.  S.  Dodwell  and  saw  most  of  these 
growing. 

We  all  value  rare  old  china,  old  furniture  and 
old  pictures,  but  old  flowers  are  in  quite  a  different 
category.  Flowers  are  living  things  and  have 
constitutions  ! 

There  has  been  some  correspondence  recently 
about  the  older  varieties  of  Sweet  Peas  and  the 
question  of  perfume.  I  hold,  but  I  know  that  my 
opinion  is  questioned,  that  we  have  in  the  large 
modern  waved  Sweet  Pea  lost  perfume  as  com- 
pared with  a  number  of  the  old-fashioned  forms 
like  Lady  Grisel  Hamilton  and  Princess  Beatrice. 

The  Royal  Horticultural  Society  is  this  year 
carrying  out  at  Wisley  a  trial  of  Sweet  Peas  repre- 
senting the  lavender,  blue  and  purple  shades, 
and  in  the  trial  are  included  all  the  old-fashioned 
varieties  of  these  colours  that  could  be  obtained. 
This  is  being  done  by  desire  of  several  members 
of  the  Council.  While  speaking  of  trials  at  Wisley, 
may  I  call  attention  to  the  interesting  and  valuable 
trial  of  Dahlias  which  is  taking  place  this  summer. 
The  Dahlia  has  been  far  too  long  solely  judged 
on  the  exhibition  table,  and  too  often,  alas  !  from 
wired  specimen  flowers  which  can  give  no  idea 
of  the  behaviour  of  the  plant  in  the  garden.  The 
trial  at  Wisley,  which  will  embrace  the  best 
varieties,  as  we  know  them,  in  all  sections,  will 
be  conducted  on  natural  lines — no  thinning  and 
no  disbudding  being  allowed — the  object  aimed 
at  being  to  arrive  at  the  varieties  which  give  the 
best  results  from  a  decorative  point  of  view  under 
good  ordinary  garden  culture. 


Why    Not    Grow  Scented 
Geraniums  ? 

A  Selection  of  the  Best  Varieties 

WHY  are  these  plants,  that  were  at 
one  time  so  popular,  seldom  seen 
in  the  garden  and  greenhouse 
to-day  ?  Not  because  they  lack 
attraction  or  are  difficult  to  grow, 
for  few  plants  give  a  greater  return  for  the  trouble 
expended  on  them,  while  the  boughs  of  fragrant 
foliage,  that  can  be  freely  cut,  are  always  a  welcome 
addition  to  flowers.  The  old  Oak  Leaf  is  one  of 
the  best  of  all  and  rapidly  makes  truly  gigantic 
specimens,  a  cutting — rooted  in  autumn  and 
planted  out  in  a  sunny  place  in  the  garden  in  early 
summer — attaining  the  dimensions  of  a  small 
currant  busb  by  the  autumn. 

These  old  plants,  if  space  permits  and  they  can 
be  housed,  can  be  grown  on  a  second  year  and 
then  become  simply  immense,  providing  huge 
quantities  o*  the  elegantly  cut  foliage.  Capitatum 
is  strongly  rose  scented,  with  purple  flowers. 
Citriodorum  is  rather  a  difficult  little  variety  to 
procure,  but  the  fragrance  is  lovely ;  the  plant,  if 
frequently  stopped,  forming  close  compact  little 
bushes.  This  is  the  variety  that  is  largely  used 
for  scenting  hair  washes.  Clorinda  is  a  hybrid,  a 
cross  between  the  Oak  Leaf  and  one  of  the  Cape 
varieties,  notable  for  its  lovely  flowers,  as  well  as 
the  fragrant  lea\-es.  These  flowers  are  of  good  size 
and  bright  rose  cerise  in  colour.  Another  desirable 
form  is  fragrans,  very  powerfully  scented,  with 
small   deep    green   leaves.     Tomentosum — unlike 


228 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  7,  192 1. 


most — has  undivided  leaves,  these  being  of  tn 
typical  Geranium  shape  and  thickly  covered  with 
down,  while — when  pressed — they  emit  a  strong 
perfume  of  Peppermint.  Lady  Plymouth  is  the 
duplicate  of  the  Oak  Leaf  variety,  save  that  the 
leaves — instead  of  being  green — are  heavily 
variegated  with  white.  Another  Peppermint- 
scented  form  is  Odoratissimum  lobatum,  while 
Pretty  Polly  is  very  compact  and  bushy,  smelling 
sttongly  of  Almond.  Radula  is  a  small  type,  with 
tiny,  much  cut  leaves,  perfumed  like  Balsam. 
Shotterham  Pet,  to  conclude  an  already  lengthy 
list,  has  rosy  purple  flowers,  and  leaves  reminiscent 
of  the  Filbert. 

All  of  these  respond  to  similar  treatment  to 
the  bedding  Geraniums,  cuttings  rooting  freely  in 
the  open  ground  in  August,  from  whence  they  can 
be  potted  up  and  housed  for  the  winter,  potting  on 
into  larger  sizes  as  needed.  Do  not  spare  the 
picking,  every  time  a  piece  is  cut  they  will 
branch  from  the  lower  joints  and  become 
bushier  and  thus  the  more  you  cut,  the  more 
you  have  to    cut.       H.  W.  Canning  Wright. 


A  Mild  Winter  and  its  Effect  on  Alpines 

The    Varied   Experiences   of   a   Lancashire   Reader 


A    Graceful     Addition    to 
the    Alpine     House 

(TBALICTRDH     ANEHONOIDES) 

With  the  return  of  spring  members  of  the  Anemone 
family  are  again  coming  into  evidence,  and  of  these 
none  perhaps  forms  a  daintier  or  more  graceful 
subject  for  the  alpine  house  than  the  Rue  Anemone 
(Thalictrum  anemonoides).  The  slender  reddish 
stems  suggest  the  sensitiveness  of  an  Oxalis.  The 
lowers,  which  have  none  of  the  ragged  appearance 


1HAVE  been  greatly  puzzled  during  this 
springtide  to  account  for  the  quantity  of 
rock  plants  that  have  been  wiped  out. 
Not  only  plants  that  one  looks  upon  as 
true  alpmes,  but  the  ordinary  hardy  subjects 
that  generally  prosper  under  all  conditions,  such 
as  Heucheras.  Saponarias,  Thymus,  Saxifraga 
Hostii,  Dianthus,  Geum  montanum  and  Corj'dalis. 
Cuttiirgs  of  Dianthus  Allwoodii  taken  in  July 
last  have  come  through  without  a  check,  while 
the  older  plants  have  all  perished,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  variety  Mary.  These  plants  were 
well  established  and  bloomed  freely  last  year, 
and  have  done  so  for  the  last  few  years.  They 
were  growing  upon  a  raised  border  facing  S.S.E. 
Being,  inferes^d  in  the  habits  of  the  birds  of 
my  districtr'upe'^^fie, portion  of  this  border  I  ' 
have  placed  feeding  tables,  with  the  result  that 
many  beautiful  species  pay -a  visit  here.  Now, 
I  have  been  wondering  if  this  is  vrise,  for  we  have 
the  visits  of  the  neighbours'  cats,  not  only  lying 
in  ambush  among  the  plants,  but  I  find  the  soft 
bed  of  Saxifraga  trifurcata  especially  to  the  liking 
of  puss.  >  -i";' 

Recently  I  noticed  half  a  dozen  sf>^fT6ws  working 
very  industriously  among  a  clump  of  Vibla  comuta 
purpurea.  On  examination  I  found  they  had 
nipped  large  quantities  of  the  shoots, '^principally 
the  extreme  tips.  Why  they  should  select  this 
beautiful  species  in  preference  to  all  others  I  cannot 


THE    RUE    ANEMONE    (THALICTRUM    ANEMONOIDES)    WHITE    FLOWERS    TINGED   WITH    PINK 


which  characterises  some  other  members  of  the 
family,  are  white  vrith  the  faintest  possible  tinge 
of  pink,  and  are  most  effectively  set  off  by  the 
rosette  of  leaves  just  below  each. 

The  Rue  Anemone  is  an  excellent  subject  for 
the  rock  garden.  It  should  be  planted  in  moist 
soil  and  given  partial  shade.  This  Thalictrum 
thrives  well  when  naturalised  and  may  be  propa- 
gated from  seed  or  by  division  in  early  spring. 

The  double  varieties  are  generally  preferred  to 
the  type  and  there  is  an  elegant  form  which  has 
pale  rosy-coloured  sepals. 

Belonging  to  the  natural  order  Ranunculaceje, 
these  perennial  herbs  come  from  the   north    tem- 
perate and  frigid  regious.J 
Ripley.  A.  E.  Sims. 


imagine.  The  tits  are  also  here  in  numbers 
They  are  always  busy,  and  from  observations  I 
do  not  think  they  do  any  great  harm,  and  certainlj' 
much  good. 

In  this  border  I  am  somewhat  troubled  with 
wireworms  and  a  small  centipede,  besides  other 
pests,  which  are  kept  down  by  lime  and  other 
methods.  But  at  one  end  of  the  border  there  is 
a  fine  group  of  Campanula  muralis  bavarica  in 
proximity  to  that  charming  plant  Corydalis  lutea. 
The  former  has  been  the  brightest  and  most 
cheerful  plant  in  the  garden  during  the  winter. 
The  Wall  Fumitory  has  worked  its  way  among  the 
Campaimla  to  its  detriment.  Therefore  this 
part  of  the  rock  wall  I  intended  taking  down  to 
get  rid  of  the  encroaching  plant. 


I  am  not  a  winter  gardener.  In  consequence, 
I  had  not  noticed  that  the  Corydalis  had  quite 
disappeared  while  the  Campanula  was  a  pleasure 
to  look  upon.  I  have  never  known  this  species 
to  behave  with  me  in  this  nranner  before.  Generally 
it  seeds  and  appears  in  different  parts  of  the 
bed. .  I  -put  the  loss  of  my  plants  to  the  wire- 
worms  and  centipedes,  and  felt  sure  the  soft  fleshy 
roots  of  .the  plant  -would  be  aliv^  with  these  pests, 
but  on  taking  up  several  roots  not  a  single  insect 
was  among  them.  Therefore  I  was^^-greatly  at  a 
loss  to  account  for  the  disappe|fance  of  .so  jnany 
•of  my  rock  •plaJits.  '"^  ^ 

By  the  noon  mail  (April  9)  I  received--  a  copy 
of  the  English  Herald  Abroad  (a  paper  printed  in 
Montreaux),  and  here  I  think  my  difScnft-y  is 
solved.  The", name  of  Mr.  Henri  "Ccirtevolt  ol 
Geneva  will  'B&jinown  to  readers  of  The-.GX'RPEN 
as  one  of  the  greatest  living  authorities  oa 'alpine 
plants  and  gardening,  "arid  in  an  article  in  this 
paper,  "  She  Plants  of  the  Alps  in  Our  Gardens," 
Mr.  Corfevon  says,  and  to  me  it  came  some.what 
as  a  surprise  :  "  And  yet,  notwithstanding,"  the 
surprising  nature  of  the  affirmation,  it  is  ccjrtain 
thatrrthe  moist  and  maritime  climate  of  England 
offers  advantages  over  our  own  lowland  climate  " 
{i.e.,  Geneva)  ',',.-*vhich  is  drier  and  too  Continental." 
The  article,  tW  second  of  this  series,  is  full  of 
valuable  information.  But  is  not  this  the  cause 
of  all  ray  present  trouble.  During  the  spring  and 
early  winter  we  have  had  very  little  rain,  and  strong 
drjang  winds,  and  I  feel  convinced  that  this 
unusual  loss  of  hardy  plants  has  been  caused  by 
the  extremely  mild  winter,  aided  by  "  drying, 
withering  atmosphere  of  the  plains." 

Further,  turning  up  an  old  book  of  notes  upon 
the  alpine  flora  of  the  Himalayan  district,  I  find 
this  extract  from  Hooker's  Himalayan  journals  : 
"  On  the  boundary  of  Sikkim  and  Tibet  15,745ft. 
above  sea-level.  Here  the  slopes  exposed  to  the 
south  winds  are  bare.  While  the  north,  the  yellow 
Cowslip,  P.  sikkraensis  gilded  the  marshes.  Caltha 
scaposa  is  very  abundant.  C.  palustris  is  not 
found  in  Sikkim.  Anemones,  Potentilla,  Draba, 
Saxifraga,  Arenaria  and  other  alpine  plants  are 
abundant."  Truly,  it  is  another  case  of  "  killed 
by  kindness,"  for  are  not  all  my  losses  caused 
by  the  south  wind  and  the  long  continued 
drought  ? 

A  few  years  since,  when  we  had  frost  for  a  con- 
siderable duration,  registering  22°,  and  snow,  I 
lost  comparatively  few  rock  plants. 

Warrington.  James  Parkinson. 


Marsh  Marigolds. — Although  it  is  not  quite 
a  stranger  in  Covent  Garden  Market,  we  were 
agreeably  surprised  to  see  a  huge  bunch  there 
a  few  days  ago,  when  its  gorgeous  golden  colour 
shed  a  glow  all  round.  In  the  ordinary  way  this 
plant  would  scarcely  pay  for  cultivation,  though 
it  sells  readily  enough ;  but  there  must  be  a 
number  of  marshy  spots,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
banks  of  streams,  where  it  could  be  easily  estab- 
lished and  in  a  few  years  would  yield  large 
quantities  of  cut  bloom.  While  it  is  naturally 
a  water-loving  plant,  Caltha  palustris  is,  like 
many  of  its  congeners,  of  an  amphibious  nature 
and  thrives  well  in  the  hardy  flower  border.  For 
the  garden  the  double  flowered  variety  is  to  be 
recommended,  as  also  are  the  enormous-leaved 
Caltha  polypetala  and  C.  leptosepala  which  bears 
white  flowers. 


May  7,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


229 


New  and  Rare  Plants 

IT  sometimes  happens  that  a  new  plant  is 
passed  over  without  award  when  shown 
before  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 
This  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  the 
Society  is  not  fully  aware  of  its  good  points. 
There  may  be  sourd  reasons  why  it  goes  un- 
rewarded ;  on  the  other  hand  it  is  well  known 
that  plants,  after  gaining  the  highest  awards, 
have  proved  disappointing  when  grown  in  the 
open.  In  additioii,  it  is  obvious  that  "there  may 
be  differences  of  opinion  as  to  the  merits  of  the 
plants  shown.  It  is  our  intention  in  future  to 
include  what  are  to  us  the  most,  noteworthy  and 
attractive  of  the  new  and  rare  plants,  irrespective 
of  awards.  We  intend  doing  this,  not  with  any 
thought  of  reflection  on  the  committee  which 
makes  the  a%vards,  but  solely  from  the  standpoint 
of  general  interest.  New  and  rare  plants  are 
exhibited  from  time  to  time  about  which  the 
ordinary  garden-lover,  as  distinct  from  the 
specialist,  will  be  glad  to  hear.  The  latter  knows 
full  well  that  newly  introduced  plants  which  he 
may  at  one  time  have  thought  possessed  little 
merit,  have  become  far  more  popular  than  those 
on  which  he  placed  highest  value.  It  is  at 
least  possible  that  occasionally  we  may  discover 
a  gem  which  others  with  greater  knowledge  may 
overlook ! 

A  number  of  new  Rhododendrons  shown  by 
various  exhibitors  formed  one  of  the  chief  attrac- 
tions at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society.  A  very  beautiful  set  of  seedlings  from 
Mr.  T.  H.  Lowinsky  were,  in  our  opinion,  worthy 
of  better  awards  than  they  received,  and  had 
the  exhibitor  complied  with  the  rules  of  the  Society 
and  shown  these  new  plants  in  the  committee 
room  instead  of  in  the  main  hall,  we  feel  sure — 
and  the  opinion  is  shared  by  others — that  more 
awards  would  have  been  granted. 

Rhododendron  Britannia.^This  is  a  very 
showy  hybrid  stated  to  be  between  Queen 
Wilhelmina  and  an  unknown  arboreum  variety, 
but  it  is  not  the  ideal  type  of  hardy  Rhododendron, 
the  truss  is  too  loosely  made  so  that  when  all  the 
flowers  are  fully  open  there  is  no  centre  to  the 
truss.     Shown  by  Messrs.  C.  B.  Van  Nes  and  Sons. 

Rhododendron  Bernard  Crisp.^At  a  little 
distance  this  glorious  variety  suggests  the  popular 
Pink  Pearl,  but  this  is  dissipated  on  closer  inspec- 
tion. The  truss  is  large  and  perfectly  formed 
and  the  colour  is  a  bright  glistening  pink.  Shown 
by  Messrs.  Waterer,  Sons  and  Crisp. 

Rhododendron  Dona  Tizia. — -This  is  one  of  the 
type  that  is  associated  with  the  Cornish  Riviera 
and  is  a  cross  between  Doncaster  and  Aucklandii 
rosea  superba.  This  being  so,  it  is  naturally  a 
somewhat  loose  truss  but  the  individual  flowers 
are  very  large  and  of  delightful  palest  blush  colour. 
Raised  and  shown  by  Mr.  J.  H.    Lowinsky. 

Rhododendron  viscosum  glaucum. — The  differ- 
ences between  this  variety  and  the  ordinary 
Swamp  Honeysuckle,  which  is  generally  known 
in  gardens  as  Azalea  viscosa.  are  that  it  is  a  little 
later  in  flowering,  the  leaves  are  bluish-white 
instead  of  pale  green  and  the  flowers  are  a  trifle 
whiter.     Shown  by  Mr.  F.  J.  Strover. 

Camellia  Fred  Sander. — An  uncommon  but 
not  new  variety.  The  semi-double  flowers  have 
a  charming  old  rose  colour  and  a  neat  cluster  of 
golden  stamens.  It  differs  from  the  usual  semi- 
double  Camellias  in  having  delicately  fimbriated 
edges  to  the  petals.  Shown  by  Messrs.  Sander  and 
Sons. 

Rose  Lady  •  Verey. — A  quaintly'^  beautiful 
cluster  Rose  about  sins,  across.  The  double 
flow-ers  are  curiously  flattened  and  the  edges  of 
the    petals    are    recurved.     The    colour    is    rather 


mx'o  than  paper  white,  prettily  tinted  with  lemon 
colour  in  the  centre.  Shown  by  Mr.  E.  J.  Hicks. 
Cerasus  Hizakura. — -One  of  the  beautiful 
Japanese  Cherries,  similar  in  general  appearance 
to  the  well  known  variety  J.  H.  Veitch,  which 
continues  to  be  one  of  the  very  best.  These 
Cherries  are  varieties  of  Prunus  serrulata. 
C.  Hizakura  bears  almost  double  flowers,  fully 
2ini.  across,  and  already  beautifies  many  gardens. 
Shown  by  Mr.   R.  C.  Notcutt. 


Primula  chionantha.  —  The  semi-pendulous 
flowers  are  carried  high  in  a  dense  head  ;  they  are 
smallish,  starlike  in  form,  almost  pure  white  in 
the  petals  and  have  long  lemon  coloured  tubes. 
Shown  by  Mr.   Clarence  Elliott. 

Aubrietia  Attraction.— This  is  a  welcome 
addition  to  the  many  varieties  of  .-Vubrietia. 
The  flowers  are  large  for  the  genus,  very  freely 
produced  and  of  delicate  pale  mauve,  colour. 
Shown  by  Mr.  M.   Prichard. 


RAISING    AUBRIETIAS    FROM    SEED 

No  Rock  or  Wall  Garden  Should  be  Without  these 
Beautiful  Plants 


To  my  mind  there  is  no  prettier  plant 
in  the  rock  garden  than  Aubrietia 
graeca.  It  commences  to  flower  in 
March  and  blooms  through  practically 
the  whole  season,  being  at  its  zenith  in 
.April  and  May.  Once  planted  into  position  it 
requires  practically  no  attention  beyond  cutting 


all  about  them.  In  due  course  the  seeds  germinate, 
and  when  about  as  wide  across  as  a  penny,  the 
seedlings  are  pricked  off  into  another  piece  of 
ground,  where  they  remain  until  the  autunm. 
By  this  time  the  seedlings  have  developed  into 
nice  strong  plants,  which  can  with  safety  be 
planted  in  the  crevices  of  the  dry  wall  or  flagged 


A    DRY    WALL    BEAUTIFULLY     CLOTHED    WITH    SEEDLING    AUBRIETIAS. 


back  if  it  encroaches  too  far.  On  a  dry  wall  or 
in  the  crevices  of  a  flagged  path,  down  stone 
steps,  or  on  a  dry  border  it  will  form  dense 
cushions  of  bloom  which  will  delight  the  eye 
of  the  beholder. 

Unfortunately,  Aubrietias  are  rather  costly  to 
purchase  in  plant  form ;  but  as  numerous  plants 
may  easily  be  raised  from  seed,  the  difficulty  of 
stocking  a  large  dry  wall  or  rock  garden  is 
easOy  and  cheaply  overcome  by  producing 
plants  by  this  means.  Those  who  have  this 
Aubrietia  growing  in  their  gardens  will  know 
how  readily  it  forms  seeds,  and  how  easily 
these  germinate  by  simply  falling  out  of  the  seed- 
pods  on  to  the  surrounding  soil.  The  seeds  are 
very  minute  and  dust-like,  and  may  be  sown  in 
the  open  ground  during  May  or  June.  The  seeds 
need  not  be  covered,  as  they  will  readily  germinate 
if  kept  moist  for  a  week  or  so.  When  I  wish  to 
raise  plants  from  seed  I  usually  rake  down  a  piece 
of  ground,  distribute  the  seeds  upon  it,  give  a 
watering  with   a  fine-rosed  can,   and  then  forget 


paths,  or  wherever   they  are  intended   to  remain 
permanently. 

Aubrietia  graeca  is  invaluable  for  the  rock 
garden,  and  will  grow  in  almost 'any  kind  of  soil. 
When  once  established  it  increases  rapidly,  and 
looks  very  pretty  when  tumbling  down  the  side 
of  a  wall.  From  a  small  packet  of  seed  a  number 
of  plants  vrill  be  obtained  of  a  deep  purple  colour. 
Here  and  there  some  of  the  plants  may  throw 
lighter  colours  of  purple  or  in  cases  almost  blue 
both  light  and  dark.  Aubrietia  Leichtlinii  is 
another  variety  which  can  easily  be  raised  from 
seed.  The  blooms  are  rosy  red,  and  make  an 
effective  contrast  to  the  blues  and  purples  of 
graca  if  grown  on  the  same  wall. 

During  the  first  year  Aubrietias  do  not  make 
very  big  plants  from  seed.  This  is  fortunate  in  a 
way,  in  that  it  is  easy  to  plant  a  seedling  in  quite  a 
small  aperture.  From  the  second  year  onwards 
it  will  increase  in  size  in  a  truly  marvellous  manner 
and  should  more  plants  be  desired,  cuttings  can  be 
rooted  in  a  frame.  Clarence  Ponting. 


230 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  7,  1921. 


Tomato    Cultivation    in    Cold    Frames 

The   Best  Results  are   Obtained  by   Planting   in   May 


IT  may  not  be  generally  known  among 
amateurs  that  one  of  the  most  profitable 
uses  that  may  be  made  of  a  cold  frame 
during  the  summer  months  is  for  the  culti- 
vation of  Tomatoes.  This  fruit,  or  vegetable, 
whichever  one  may  term  it,  caiuiot  always  be 
relied  upon  as  a  success  outdoors,  but  with  the 
protection  of  glass,  either  in  the  form  of  a  frame 
or  any  unheated  structure,  excellent  crops  may 
be  obtained  with  reasonable  care  and  attention 
to  their  cultural  requirements.  With  cold  frame 
treatment  the  method  of  growing  that  I  am  going 
to  describe  ensures  each  truss  of  fruit  receiving 
the  maximum  amount  of  light  and  air,  as  the 
lowest  or  first  formed  truss  is  as  close  to  the  glass 
as  the  one  at  the  top  of  the  plant.  Needless  to 
say,  for  such  a  sun- 
loving  plant  the 
frame  should  be 
placed  in  the  best 
position  available 
where  it  will  catch 
the  sun's  rays. 

Having  decided  on 
the  position  of  the 
frame,  the  next 
consideration  will  be 
the  preparation  of 
the  same  as  regards 
the  soil  for  the 
crop.  Although 
Tomatoes  will  grow- 
in  practically  any 
good  garden  soil 
with  feeding,  un- 
doubtedly the  best 
is  a  compost  con- 
sisting principally  of 
good  fibrous  loam, 
with  the  addition 
of  lime  rubble  or 
slaked  lime ;  while 
another  good  and 
cheap  ingredient  is 
basic  slag,  using  a 
5in.  or  6in.  potful  to 
the  barrowload  of  soil. 
It  is  a  good  plan  to 
get  the  soil  in  readi- 
ness    before     actual 

planting,  as  this  permits  of  a  thorough  incorpora- 
tion of  the  ingredients  and  mellowing  of  the 
soil.  Fine  bone  meal  or  flour  is  also  a  valu- 
able addition  and  will  form  a  reliable  standby 
for  the  plants  when  fruiting  heavily ;  but  any 
other  quick-acting  manures  I  would  prefer  to 
leave  till  a  later  date  and  use  as  top-dressings 
or  as  liquid  manure 

There  are  primarily  two  ways  of  making  the 
soil  up.  One,  to  place  it  at  an  even  depth  all 
over  the  frame ;  the  other,  to  make  a  bed  at  the 
lower  end.  If  the  first  named  method  is  adopted 
the  plants  may  be  allowed  to  lie  on  the  bed  as 
growth  proceeds,  similarly  to  a  Vegetable  Marrow, 
and  the  trusses  of  fruit  must  be  protected  from  the 
soil  by  placing  pieces  of  slate,  tile  or  something 
similar  underneath.  Though  I  prefer  the  second 
modeof  treatment,  excellent  results  may  be  obtained 
by  the  means  1  have  just  described.  The  second  way 
is  to  make  the  bed  at  the  bottom  end  of  the  frame, 
which  will  raise  the  plants  above  the  normal 
level,  and  then  to  train  the  growths  along  wires, 
stakes  or  strings  fixed  to  the  back  and  front  and 
which    will   depend    entirely    on    the    depth    and 


proportion  of  the  frame,  but  will  allow  the  fruit 
to  hang  clear  of  the  soil  and  so  get  the  benefit 
of  a  free  current  of  air. 

Watering  and  feeding,  in  any  case,  will  only  be 
done  at  the  bottom  end  of  the  frame ;  not 
wetting  the  foliage  more  than  can  possibly 
be  helped,  excepting  a  slight  syringe  or  a  damp 
over  with  a  fine  rose  until  the  plants  get  established 
in  their  permanent  quarters  after  planting,  when 
a  slight  shade  from  the  sun's  rays,  will  also  be 
beneficial,  gradually  exposing  the  plants  to  full  sun- 
light. If  planting  from  pots  give  the  balls  a  thorough 
soaking  of  water  and  allow  the  plants  to  drain. 
Should  the  plants  be  leggy  in  appearance  the 
bottom  part  of  the  stem  may  be  buried  in  planting 
by  laying   the   plants   on   the  slope ;     the   upper 


surface,  which  in  turn  may  be  fed  again- 
When  cropping  heavily  do  not  allow  the  plants 
to  suffer  too  long  for  want  of  water,  and  thoroughly 
soak.  Towards  the  end  of  May,  according  to 
locality,  will  be  a  good  time  to  plant.  Plants 
that  have  been  well  grown  and  are  showing 
first  truss  of  flowers  possess  a  great  advantage 
over  smaller  ones.  E.  B.  Fota. 


MAKING     GOOD    USE    OF    A    COLD    FRAME.        TOMATOES    GROWING 
WITH     YOUNG    LETTUCE    UNDERNEATH. 


part  of  the  plant  will  afterwards  assume  an  upright 
position.  I  have  frequently  seen  the  top  of  plant 
No.  2  laying  on  top  of  the  roots  of  No.  i,  and  so  on. 
After  planting  give  a  thorough  watering  with 
clear  soft  water,  and  then  afterwards  water  care- 
fully and  ventilate  according  to  the  weather  to 
induce  a  strong,  sturdy  growth.  Give  abundance 
of  air  on  warm,  soft  days,  and  when  the  weather 
is  not  so  genial  ventilate  on  the  leeward  side. 

Take  the  greatest  care  of  the  leading  growth, 
and  for  a  time  after  planting  do  not  remove  any 
side-growths,  in  order  to  encourage  root  formation  ; 
but  when  established  and  forming  roots,  as  they 
should  be  after  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks,  remo\-e 
the  growths  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves  when 
quite  small,  and  give  as  much  attention  as  possible 
in  the  way  of  airing  to  promote  short-jointed 
growths,  which  otII  also  mean  more  trusses  of 
fruit.  .After  the  first  truss  is  set  and  swelling 
away,  feeding  may  be  started,  and  increased  as 
the  second  swells,  and  so  forth.  Sprinklings  of 
finely  sifted  soil  containing  equal  quantity  of  some 
good  chemical  fertiliser  or  fruit  manure  over  the 
rooting  surface  will   attract   fibrous  roots   to  the 


Gardening   of  the    Week 

FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Nymphaeas  are  the  choicest  of  all  water  plants, 
and  where  there  is  a  piece  of  water  a  clump  or 
two  should  be  found  room  for,  if  possible.  May 
is  the  best  month  for  planting,  also  for  the  division 
of  strong  clumps,  if  this  is  necessary.  The  work 
of  planting,  dividing  (and  cleaning  can  be  more 
quickly  accomplished  if  the  water  can  be,  at 
least  partially,  run  off.  A  satisfactory  way  of 
dealing  with  new  plants  is  to  put  them  in  round, 
shallow  baskets,  which  have  been  well  packed 
with  good  fibrous  loam,  and  then  sink  them  in 
the  position  where  required.  Should  planting  be 
contemplated  in  some  piece  of  water  where  none 
or  very  little  after  attention  is  intended,  simply 
clear  the  surface  of  rubbish  and  attach  a  Lily 
crown  to  a  broken  flower-pot  or  piece  of  drain-pipe 
and  throw  it  into  position.  In  making  a  new 
pond  or  suitable  place  for  growing  Nymphaeas, 
the  depth  of  water  allowed  must,  to  some  extent, 
be  determined  by  selection  of  varieties.  A  general 
purpose  depth  may  be  from  2ft.   to  4ft. 

Perennials,  such  as  Delphiniums,  Geums  and 
Caillardias,  may  be  sown  now  in  beds  of  fine  soil 
in  nursery  quarters  or  kitchen  garden,  afterwards 
pricking  out  in  rows  about  a  foot  apart  and  growing 
on  readv  for  future  use.  Aubrietias,  too,  may  be 
raised  from  seed  sown  now,  where  large  supplies 
are  required  and  sufficient  stock  cannot  be  worked 
up  from  cuttings  or  division  of  old  roots. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Planting  of  early  raised  Cabbages,  Cauliflowers 
and  Brussels  Sprouts  must  be  carried  out  as 
opportunity  offers  and  climatic  conditions  are 
favourable.  Give  Brussels  Sprouts  plenty  of  room, 
especially  the  more  robust  varieties,  3ft.  between 
the  rows  and  at  least  2ft.  6ins.  from  plant  to 
plant. 

Onions  raised  in  heat  and  pricked  out  in  boxes 
must  be  got  out,  if  not  already  done,  as  soon  as 
possible.  Where  large  bulbs  are  required  the 
plants  should  be  placed  a  foot  apart  and  the 
rows  isins.  to  i8ins.,  but  for  a  general  purpose 
crop  several  inches  less  each  way  will  be  sufficient. 

Cardoon. — The  culture  of  this  lesser  known 
vegetable  is  somewhat  similar  to  that  for  Celery. 
Seeds  may  be  sown  now  on  a  warm  border,  and 
plants  afterwards  placed  in  a  trench  ;  or  seeds 
may  be  sown  dhect  in  the  trench  in  holes  made 
2ft.  apart,  afterwards  thinning  out  to  one  plant 
to  each  hole. 

Sweet  Corn,  sometimes  termed  Sugar  Corn,  is 
more  popular  in  Canada  than  in  this  country. 
It  makes  a  good  dish  when  the  cobs  are  cooked 
whole,  being  sweet  and  nourishing.  Sow  in 
frames,  and  afterwards  plant  in  rows  2ft.  6ins. 
apart,  allowing  ijins.  between  the  plants. 

Early  Potatoes.— To  assist  in  warding  off  frost 
these  should  have  some  soil  drawn  up  to  them 
as  soon  as  through  the  ground.  Some  light 
covering,  such  as  broken  straw  or  hay,  should 
always  be  kept  in  readiness  and  lightly  strewn 
over  the  rows  when  severely  cold  nights  threaten. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Vines  growing  on  walls  should  receive  periodical 
attention  for  the  suppression  of  lateral  grow;ths 
and  the  proper  regulating  of  the  wood  required 
for  fruiting  the  following  season.  Unless  it  is 
desirable  to  leave  a  bunch  on  wood  required  for 
extension,  the  laterals  carrying  fruit  should  be 
stopped  at  a  few  leaves  beyond  the  bunch. 

Raspberries.— Remove  surplus  and  weedy 
growths,  and  thus  concentrate  the  whole  of  the 
plant's  energy  into  this  season's  fruits  and  the 
development  of  the  canes  for  another  year. 

Trees  newly  grafted  should  be  examined 
frequently  to  see  that  binding  and  material  are 
as  they  should  be  and  have  not  been  interfered 
with  by  weather  or  other  agencies. 


May  7,  1921.] 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Cinerarias  are  one  of  the  iixdispensables  for 
conservatory  decoration,  useful  alike  to  the 
one-house  amateur  and  to  the  large  establishment. 
Of  the  varieties  to  grow,  personal  taste  niust 
decide.  One  of  the  main  points  to  bear  in  mind, 
to  be  successful  in  their  cultivation,  is  that  the 
treatment  must  be  cool.  Seeds  may  be  sown 
any  time  after  the  end  of  April  in  light,  open  soil 
in  pots  or  pans  placed  in  a  cold  frame.  Shading 
must  be  given  at  all  times  from  bright  sunshine, 
and  if  possible  a  cool  ash  bottom  arranged  during 
the  various  stages  of  growth. 

Forced  Plants,  having  completed  their  growth, 
must  be  removed  to  cold  quarters  previous  to 
placing  them  outdoors.  Where  there  is  ground 
available  for  planting  them  out,  much  labour 
is  saved  watering  ;  but  where  this  cannot  be  done 
arrange  the  several  varieties  of  plants  in  double 
or  treble  rows  and  pack  between  and  over  the 
pots  with  strawy  litter  and  leaves,  and  this  will 
greatly  assist  in  keeping  the  plants  moist. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Pot  Fruit  Trees  must  be  kept  well  supplied 
with  water  as  the  season  advances,  and,  where 
heavv  crops  are  carried,  liquid  manure  should 
be  added.  It  should  be  the  constant  aim  to  keep 
the  trees  clean  by  syringing  when  possible,  and 
if  caterpillars  appear  hand-picking  should  be 
practised  at  once.  As  the  earliest  Peaches  and 
Cherries  approach  the  ripening  stage  see  that 
plenty  of  warm  air  circulates  freely  through  the 
plants  to  aid  colour  development  and  especially 
to  improve  the  flavour.  The  syringing  of  the 
trees  must  be  gradually  withheld  as  this  stage 
is  reached.  H.   Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 

Albiiry   Park  Gardens,   Guild'ord. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Broad  Beans. — Make  a  good  sowing  suitable 
for  late  supplies,  for  if  the  summer  should  prove 
hot  and  dry,  early  lots  go  off  quickly  and  lose 
their  freshness.  Similar  varieties  as  for  early 
sowings  may  be  used. 

Parsley. — Plants  raised  in  boxes  for  trans- 
planting maj'  now  be  transferred  to  the  open 
border.  Plant  in  rows  about  ift.  apart  and  gins, 
between  the  plants  in  the  rows.  Anyone  growing 
for  exhibition  purposes  must  plant  much  wider, 
so  that  the  plants  have  room  to  more  fully  develop. 

Vegetable  Marrows  should  be  sown  for  planting 

on  ridges  in  the  open,  as  they  will  be  ready  in 
nice  time.  The  plants  should  be  kept  growing 
freely  and  should  be  sheltered  for  a  period  after 
planting  out,  as  they  are  most  susceptible  to  the 
least  touch  of  frost.  Do  not  put  out  plants  that 
are  stunted  and  potbound,  as  these  only  cause 
disappointment. 

Kohl  Rabi. — -Where  the  ground  is  hot  and 
dry  or  where  it  is  troublesome  to  grow  nice  Turnips, 
the  bulbous  roots  of  the  Kohl  Rabi  in  a  young 
state  are  found  to  be  a  valuable  substitute.  Sow 
now  and  transplant  early  in  July.  They  must 
be  planted  shallow,  so  that  the  roots  may  be 
encouraged  to  swell  above  ground. 

Swedes.— Swedes  for  winter  use  may  now  be 
sown,  and  we  find  it  best  to  choose  a  good  field 
variety,  as  the  so-called  garden  Swede  seems  to 
produce  nothing  but  "*  neck."  At  any  rate  with 
the  writer  it  has  always  proved  disappointing. 
When  sowing  allow  about  2oins.  between  the 
drills. 

Lettuce.' — A  quantity  of  these  which  were 
raised  in  boxes  will  be  run  out  in  rows  in  the  open, 
and  will  make  a  good  succession  to  those  w'hich 
have  been  cut  from  frames.  Sutton's  Favourite 
and  Webb's  Wonderful  stand  transplanting  well, 
and  are  most  useful  sorts,  while  for  a  Cos  \'ariety 
we  fa\'our  Samson's  Giant, 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Bush  Chrysanthemums. — These  will  be  grow- 
ing freely  now,  and  will  stand  pinching  so  that 
good  bushy  specimens  may  be  obtained.  Sprav 
occasionally  with  Abol  Insecticide  so  that  the 
leaf-mining  maggot  may  be  kept  in  check. 

Shading   of    Plant    Houses. — It   is   necessary 

now  to  attend  to  the  shading  of  plant  houses. 
More  especially  should  Palm  houses  be  densely 
shaded  and  so  help  to  retain  the  fresh  green  so 
attractive  in  this  class  of  plant.  Where  sun 
blinds  are  not  in  use  it  will  be  an  advantage  to 
procure  one  of  the  useful  preparations  supplied 
by  seedsmen. 

Aralia  Sieboldii. — New  seed  of  this  useful 
and  easily  raised  e\'crgreen  will  now  be  to  hand 


THE     GARDEN. 


and  should  be  sown  in  heat,  using  shallow  boxes 
for  the  purpose.  Place  a  piece  of  dull  glass  over 
the  box,  as  this  helps  to  retain  the  moisture. 

Annuals  Suitable  for  the  Greenhouse.— To 
have  a  good  variety  of  plants  for  conservatory  or 
greenhouse  work  during  late  summer  and  autumn 
it  is  advisable  to  sow  certain  annuals  for  pot 
culture  at  this  time.  For  instance,  Nicotiana 
Sandera;  may  be  grown  in  7in.  pots,  and  is  exceed- 
ingly graceful,  being  used  to  break  the  flat  appear- 
ance of  other  groups.  Browallias,  Celsias,  Balsams 
and  Celosias  will  all  be  found  useful  subjects ; 
while  Statice  Suworowi  should  not  be  forgotten. 
Other  attractive  and  easily  grown  annuals  well 
known  to  readers  may  be  grown  in  the  way  men- 
tioned, and  they  will  give  much  pleasure  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  season. 

The  Pleasure  Grounds. 
Bamboos. — Should  planting  of  these  be  thought 
of  now  is  quite  a  good  time  to  have  the  work 


2S1 


carried  through.  One  of  the  essentials  in  planting 
Bamboos  is  to  choose  a  sheltered  site.  Wheu 
they  are  exposed  to  cutting  winds  the  results  are 
disappointing.  They  are  most  happy  in  a  sheltered 
nook  in  the  w-oodland,  more  especially  where  they 
may  be  shaded  from  strong  sunshine  until  the 
frost  lifts  from  their  foliage.  Should  the  natural 
soil  be  heavy,  a  good  mixture  of  leaf-mould, 
lime  rubble  and  sifted  cinders  is  a  suitable  addition, 
and  results  have  proved  that  this  is  an  agreeable 
compost.  Varieties  which  thrive  well  here  are 
palmata,  Metake  and  Arundinaria  anceps.  The 
latter  is  a  most  vigorous  grower,  and  throws  up 
magnificent  spikes  each  year.  Among  the  finer 
sorts  B,  nitida  is  always  a  favourite,  while  for 
groundwork  pygmea  and  pumila  are  best.  Should 
very  dry  weather  intervene,  copious  waterings 
should  be  given,  also  a  mulching  of  well  rotted 
manure.  James  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 
Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


AURICUL.A.   G.    F.    WILSON. 

'T'HIS    delightful   little   Auricula   makes    a   very 

neat,    compact   plant,    never   growing    much 

more   than   3ins.  high.     The  plant,   whirh   is   the 

subject  of  our  illustration,  is  in  a  3j-in.  pot  and 


A      HARDY     AURICULA     SUITABLE     FOR      POT 
CULTURE    (a.     G.    F.    WILSON). 

stands  6Jins.  high,  making  a  very  effective  pot 
plant  and  perfectly  hardy. — ^J.  Anderson,  Clacton- 
on-Sea. 

HELXINE    AS    A    CARPETER. 

■r  SHOULD  like  to  say  a  word  of  warning  to  those 
who  may  meditate  using  this  as  a  carpeter. 
When  I  first  saw  it,  I  thought  it  so  lovely  (bright 
green,  with  red  stems  when  young),  that  I  planted 
it  on  two  retaining  walls,  where  it  swarms  over 
everything,  and  only  by  constant  and  long  flnnicky 
work  can  it  be  kept  down,  and,  much  as  1  like  its 
look,  I  regret  the  day  I  planted  it,  for  it  cannot 
be  eradicated ;  every  tiny  scrap  rooting  and 
spreading  over  one's  clioicest  plants.  It  is  too 
close  even  for  a  bulb  carpeter;  they  do  not  like 
it. — Western  Wight. 

PLANTING     HERBACEOUS      BORDERS. 

■]\/TAY  I  offer  a  brief  criticism  of  a  suggestion 
made  by  "  Formakin "  on  page  r62.  in 
dealing  with  this  subject  ?  I  venture  to  question 
the  practicableness  of  expecting  five  different 
bulbous  subjects  to  successfully  follow  each  other 
wlien  planted  under  a  carpet  of  Saxifrage,  at  least 
for  more  than  one  season.  The  spread  of  the  Saxi- 
frage would  have  to  be  very  considerable  to  allow 
of  the  five  bulbous  plants  mentioned  being  planted 
in  clumps  as  "  Formakin "  rightly  advises,  or 
else  the  planting  of  these  bulbs  would  have  to  be 
a  sort  of  Piccalilli  mi.x-up.     Moreover,  unless  the 


soil  is  decidedly  on  the  light  side,  English  Iris  would 
be  the  better  for  exposure  of  their  position  to 
sun  for  ripening  rather  than  always  being  covered 
with  Saxifrage.  In  fact,  the  late  Dr.  Wallace  of 
Colchester  wrote  that  to  get  the  best  result  from 
English  Iris  they  should  be  replanted  every  two 
or  three  years — not  an  easy  matter  if  buried  under 
mossy  plants.  Spanish  Iris,  too,  are  the  better 
for  not  having  too  much  moisture  overhanging 
them  when  dormant.  But  the  plant  most  resentful 
of  being  so  covered,  in  my  experience,  is  Iris 
reticulata.  To  plant  this  bulb  on  any  but  the 
lightest  of  soils  under  a  covering  of  Saxifrage 
would  be  courting  failure  after  the  fijst  year, 
even  if  there  were  no  misses  the  first  season.  If 
"  Formakin  "  wants  a  carpeter  for  Iris  reticulata 
I  would  suggest  Veronica  repens — a  plant  not 
one  quarter  so  dense  as  Saxifrage ;  but  such 
covering  is  not  good  for  any  bulbous  plant  requiring 
a  fair  ripening  before  it  can  flower  the  next  season. 
Dry  winter  conditions  are  what  these  choicer  Iris 
demand — a  requirement  that  being  planted  upon 
is  not  conducive  to. — C.  Turner,  Amplhill  Park 
G.^rdcns. 

A    SIMPLE    TRAP    FOR    SLUGS. 

TT  may  be  of  some  interest  to  know  of  a  simple 
slug  trap  which  I  find  most  effective,  consisting 
of  a  little  bran  scattered  on  the  surface  of  the 
soil  and  covered  by  a  large  stone  (with  some 
concavities  underneath,  if  possible),  or  by  an 
inverted  earthenware  pot-saucer.  The  chief 
advantage  is  that  the  hard  black  "underground" 
slugs  seem  especially  attracted,  which  do  so  much 
harm  to  roots  and  bulbs.  I  find  also  many  of  the 
harmful  black  millipedes  (that  often  cause  the 
disappearance  of  choice  bulbs)  peacefully  feeding, 
also  woodlice  ;  and  I  find  the  traps  well  frequented 
on  my  rock  garden.  Tne  larger  earthworms  I 
consider  the  great  enemy  of  rare  alpine  plants  ; 
as  one  cannot  use  worm-killer  effectively  in  the 
rock  garden,  I  often  go  round  at  night  with  an 
electric  lamp,  when  one  may  see  this  arch-enemy 
lolling  out  full  lengtli  from  the  centre  of  some 
pet  tuft,  and  tugging  at  small  plants,  such  as 
Saxifrages  and  Drabas.  On  special  parts  of  the 
rock  garden  I  catch  the  enemy,  as  near  tlie  tail 
as  possible,  with  an  old  discarded  pair  of  blunt 
tongue  forceps  and  pull  him  out — not  so  easy  a 
matter  as  one  would  imagine,  requiring  little 
tugs  at  different  angles,  and  making  one  admire 
the  dexterity  of  the  thrush !  I  simply  throw 
the  rather  astonished  worm  some  little  distance 
away,  and  find  that  his  burrow  is  not  frequented 
again  as  a  rule  for  some  months.  They  take  so 
long  to  die  in  solutions  of  salt,  worm-killer,  etc.. 
that  I  dislike  attempting  to  kill  them. — Kenneth 
Rogers  (M.D.),  Bromley,  Ke  tt. 


282 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  7,  1921. 


WHAT     IS     THE     OBJECT       OF       THE 
DAFFODIL  SHOW  ? 
A  Plea  for  Decorative  Classes. 
(~\N   page  200  Mr.    Jacob  writes :    "  This  list  of 
flowers  is  .   .   .  written  about  from  a  '  Show ' 
point   of  view  ...    a   very  high   official   of   the 
Royal    Horticultural    Society    told    me    that    he 
considered    all    the   flowers    ought    to    be    judged 
from  a  garden  point  of  view."     If  the  majority 
favoured   the  latter   point   of  view   where  would 
the  £50    bulb   come  in?     In   walking  round   the 
Show  I  overheard  a  member,  who  certainly  looked 
overflowng   with    this   world's   goods,   remark   to 
a  salesman:    "No,  no,  I   cannot  afford  bulbs  at 
that   price.     You   do   not   know   the   size   of   my 
garden;    I  should  want  a  fortune  to  plant  it  with 
bulbs  at  that  price."     This  did  not  happen. at  the. 
exhibit    where    the    £50    bulbs    were 
sold,   so  I    cannot    say   what    "  that 
price"     meant;  .but    this    incident 
leads  me  to  think  that  there  may  be 
something    in  the  contention   of    "a 
very    high     official."        It     certainly 
raises    the    question :     What   is     the 
object  of  the  London  Daffodil  Show  ?• 
I    take    it    the  primary  object  is   to 
increase   the   popularity  of  the  flower. 
If  this  is  so,  which  is  the  more  likely 
to  bring   about    the   desired   result — 
a  £50  variety,    or  a  variety  of  which 
one  can  get  a   thousand  for  £50  ?     I 
think    the    best    way   to    improve    a 
show    schedule    is     to     raise     points 
immediately    after    a    show    and  not 
to     wait    until    the    following    year, 
so  I  venture  to  ask  another  question  : 
Is    the   schedule  arranged    to  attract 
the  largest  number  of  exhibitors  ?      I 
doubt    if    there  were  more  than  two 
new  exhibitors  at  this    year's    show. 
There  was  no  class   included  in     the 
schedule     to     show     the     decorative 
value  of  the  Daffodil.  There  was  such 
a  class  at  the  Spring  Show  in  Dublin, 
held     on     April     13.     Why     not     in 
London  ?    At  the  Rose  Show,  held  on 
the    foUowing    day    to    the    Daffodil 
Show,  the  "  Decorative  Classes"  were 
many  and  well  filled.     "  A  very  high 
official"    might  well  take   a  hand  in 
revising  the  schedule  for  next  years 
show.- — Smila.x. 

A    FLOWERING   SHRUB    FOR 
TOWN    GARDENS 

r^UR  gardens  have  been  much 
enriched  by  the  introduction  of 
the  Olearias,  natives  of  Australia. 
Tasmania  and  New  Zealand.  From 
the  last  comes  Olearia  Haastii  a  neat 
bush  some  6  feet  high,  smothered 
in  bloom  in  August,  and  all  the  more  welcome 
because  there  are  then  so  few  shrubs  in  flower. 
It  seems  to  thrive  in  every  garden,  and  even  does 
well  in  London. — ^G.  J. 

A  BLUE-FLOWERED  LITTLE  CREEPING 

PLANT    (PAROCHETUS    COMMUNIS). 

T  WAS  interested  to  read  what  "J."  wrote  of 
Parochetus  communis  in  The  Garden  of 
April  9.  When  I  was  at  Ootacamund  in  the 
Nilgiris  I  came  across  the  little  plant ;  it  was 
covered  with  lovely  blue  flowers  and  was  always 
to  be  found  in  boggy,  squishy  ground.  I  never 
found  it  in  the  open  country  ;  it  seemed  to  like 
its  roots  in  shade,  and  it  would  straggle  to  the 
edge  of  rocks  where  the  blooms  could  reach  the 
sun. — (Mrs.)  M.  Gawne,   Ottery  St.  Mary. 


Should  Chefs  or  Growers  Judge  Garden 
Produce  at  Shows? 

The  Debate  Continued — Including  a  Chefs   Point   of    View 


I 


HAVE  so  far  refrained  from  intermeddling 
in  this  discussion,  and  my  small  right  to  express 
an  opinion,  after  others  have  said  their  say, 
that  for  some  forty  years  I  have  been 
interested  in,  and  have  from  time  to  time 
written  on  this  subject,  and  have  had  thrust  upon 
me  as  much,  perhaps,  as  any  private  person  the 
office  of  judging  garden  produce  up  and  down  the 
.country.     Mr,  Beckett  is  almost  as  able  on  paper 


A    BEAUTIFUL    FLOWERING    SHRUB    FOR    THE    AUGUST     GARDEN 
(OLEAEIA    HAASTIl). 


as  on  his  land  and  the  exhibition  table,  but  it  is 
an  odd  fact  that  not  only  he  and  his  adherents, 
but  his  opponents  too,  miss  or  do  not  insist  on  the 
logical  root  of  the  whole  matter.  I  take  it  that 
the  intention  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
authorities,  in  their  pronouncement  about  chefs 
acting  as  judges,  was  to  assert  or  emphasise  the 
undeniable  truth  that  substances  to  eat  can  be 
discriminated  and  judged  by  the  mouth  and  not 
by  the  eye.  I  call  this  an  obvious  and  undeniable 
truth,  and  can  anyone — even  Mr.  Beckett — 
contradict  it  ?  Would  it  not  be  lunacy  to  judge 
Roses  or  Lilies  blindfold  or  in  a  dark  room  by 
tasting  them  ?  And  are  we  not  acting  as  ridicu- 
lously when  we  blindfold,  so  to  speak,  our  proper 
instrument  of  taste  and  judge  vegetables  by  the 
eye  alone  ?  If  Mr,  Beckett  retorts  that  a  show 
of  cooked  vegetables  is  a  practical  impossibility — 


and  perhaps  it  is  so — then  the  necessary  and,  I 
think,  sensible  conclusion  is  forced  upon  us  that, 
after  all,  there  is  extremely  little  common-sense 
value  in  vegetable  shows,  I  go  further  and  main- 
tain that  they  have  been  mischievous,  in  that 
they  have  perpetuated  the  preposterously  false 
standard  of  judgment  by  outward  appearance, 
and  have  helped  to  keep  us  going  round  and  round 
everlastingly  in  a  vicious  circle.  By  this  circle 
I  mean  that  the  British  public  is  un- 
taught as  to  invisible  quality  and 
buys  by  appearance,  and  that  growers 
and  market-men  supply  just  what  the 
public  buys  by  appearance,  without 
any  attempt  to  teach  it  that  appear- 
ances are  commonly  deceptive  ;  and 
so  we  go  round  and  round,  a4  infinitum. 
What  meaning  or  value,  apart  from  its 
bolstering  up  of  this  everlasting  round- 
about, is  there  in  Mr.  Beckett's  lauda- 
tion of  an  eminent  market-man's 
"  expert  knowledge  of  the  public's 
taste  as  conveyed  by  the  demands 
of  Covent  Garden  "  ?  This  seems  a 
sad  come  down.  Does  Mr.  Beckett 
really  take  his  standard  from  the 
undiscerning  taste  —  or  absence  of 
taste — of  the  unenlightened  herd  ?  He 
knows  as  well  as  anyone  that  what 
the  great  public  swallows  is  a  mass  of 
mediocre  stuff,  outwardly  presentable 
in  size  and  colour,  and  that  this  is 
"  the  demand  of  Covent  Garden." 
Take  a  concrete  example  or  two. 
Mr.  Beckett  kno\vs  that  when  an  early, 
prolific,  bright  red  Strawberry  of  in- 
ferior flavour,  such  as  Royal  Sovereign, 
is  introduced,  it  swamps  other  and 
better  kinds  and  becomes  "  the  demand 
of  Covent  Garden."  He  knows  that 
the  same  has  been  true  of  the  Turnip- 
flavoured  Gros  Colmar  Grape  and  of 
big,  prolific,  coarse,  tasteless  Potatoes. 
He  knows,  no  doubt,  that  in  Paris 
the  small  -  berried,  small-bunched 
Chasselas  Grapes  are  esteemed  above 
all  others,  and  that  the  French  house- 
wife will  not  look  at  our  great,  white, 
starchy  Potatoes  while  she  can  buy 
the  yellow  -  fleshed,  well  -  flavoured 
French  kinds.  And  he  must  know 
the  reason  (why  shut  our  eyes  to 
it  ?),  namely,  that  the  average 
French  taste  is  sensible,  refined  and  true, 
while  the  average  taste  of  the  British  public, 
which  he  so  extols,  is  foolish,  unrefined  and 
false.  There  is  no  lack  of  other  instances 
running  through  the  long  series  of  our  fruits  and 
vegetables. 

I  fear  I  am  not  at  all  converted  or  impressed 
by  Mr.  Beckett's  argument  from  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Code  of  Rules  for  judging. 
It  is  true  that  in  these  rules  only  about  a  third  of 
the  total  points  is  allotted  to  size.  But  is  this 
restriction  really  operative  ?  I  confidently  say 
no.  The  Code,  as  regards  vegetables,  which  are 
chiefly  under  discussion,  is  hardly  in  requisition  in 
the  Vincent  Square  Hall,  for  the  reason  that 
vegetables  are  so  seldom  exhibited  in  competition. 
And  in  my  very  considerable  experience  in  judging 
at  shows  up  and  down  the  country  I  assert  that 


I 


A 


May  7,  1921 .] 


THE     GARDEN. 


233 


size  almost  invariably  wins,  I  have  always  had 
the  greatest  difficulty  in  persuading  my  fellow 
juilges  and  the  crowd  to  any  other  point  of  view. 
Why  should  I  tell  Mr.  Beckett  what  he  knows — 
that  mammoth  Onions  alwa>-s  take  first  prize, 
whereas  the  householder  should  be  taught  to  grow 
them  medium-sized  or  small  because  they  keep 
through  the  winter  ?  Or  that  big  Potatoes  are 
similarly  successful,  though  unboilable  unless  cut 
and  spoiled  ?  And  so  on  and  so  on.  I  have  no 
desire  to  fall  foul  of  our  excellent  friends,  Messrs 
Beckett,  Poupart  and  Co.  They  are  Britons,  and 
it  is  a  fine,  patriotic  custom  to  defend  even  poor 
taste  in  our  countrymen — though  it  might  be  more 
patriotic  to  teach  them  better.  Messrs.  B,,  P.  and 
■Co.  have  inherited  a  permanent  residence  inside 
the  circle  of  which  I  have  written,  and  I  do  not  see 
how  they  can  easily  get  outside.  Why  should 
they  if  they  are  happy  within  ?  Still,  I  will  end 
as  I  began,  with  the  question  :  if  it  is  reasonable 
to  judge  an  eatable  by  looking  at  it,  why  is  it  less 
reasonable  to  judge  a  Rose  by  chewing  it  in  the 
dark  ? — G.  H.  Englehe.\rt. 


H.4VING  followed  the  correspondence  in  your  pages 
on  this  subject,  it  is  impossible  to  avoid  the  con- 
clusion that  on  both  sides  the  vegetable  is  judged 
from  the  artistic  Standpoint.  The  exhibitionists 
admire  the  beauty  of  the  lines  in  a  Cucumber, 
or  the  seductive  rotundity  of  a  Turnip.  The 
gastronomists  on  the  other  hand  discard  the 
witness  of  the  eye  for  the  pleasures  of  the  palate. 
Both  of  these  views  belong  to  the  domain  of  the 
aesthetics.  So  far  no  voice  has  been  raised  from  the 
scientific  standpoint,  and  I  therefore  venture  to 
forward  the  following  suggestion  :  Vegetables  are 
grown  to  be  eaten  we  are  told,  and  while  this 
statement  is  true  it  is  not  the  whole  truth.  Vege- 
tables are  grown  rather  to  nourish  the  human  body 
and  to  add  certain  important  substances,  without 
which  life  is  impossible.  It  is  therefore  clearly  of 
the  first  importance  that  those  substances  should 
be  present  and  the  "  best "  vegetable  is  that  which 
provides  them  in  the  greatest  abundance.  Judges 
should  therefore  be  accompanied  by  biochemists, 
who  should  take  samples  and  submit  them  to  an 
analysis.  Points  should  be  given  for  proteins, 
and  anti-scorbutic  vitamines,  etc,  while  the 
important  question  of  calories  should  not  be  for- 
gotten. Put  to  such  tests,  the  question  of  size  falls 
into  a  very  unimportant  place. — Scientia. 


I  HAVE  followed  this  correspondence  in  your  paper 
with  interest,  but  no  letter  seems  to  have  been 
published  giving  the  chef's  point  of  view,  and  I 
think  his  importance  in  the  vegetable  world  has 
not  been  so  fully  appreciated  by  your  contributors 
as  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  The  crux 
of  the  whole  question  to  my  mind  is  whether 
vegetables  are  grown  to  look  at  or  to  eat.  If  the 
former,  do  not  call  upon  the  chef  to  adjudicate,  but 
if  the  latter,  the  obvious  person  to  consult  is  the 
expert  who  has  spent  many  years  learning  how  to 
select,  cook  and  serve  vegetables  and  who  has 
made  a  life  study  of  his  patrons'  tastes  and  palates. 
I  employ  in  my  various  hotels  and  restaurants  many 
chefs,  several  of  them  highly  paid  and  travelled 
men.  They  one  and  all  agree  that  we  have  much 
to  learn  from  the  Continent  in  vegetable  growing, 
and  if  only  expert  vegetable  cooks  were  consulted 
by  their  confreres  the  gardeners,  the  public,  the 
gardeners  and  the  chefs  would  all  benefit.  If  the 
chefs  had  their  way  Mushrooms,  for  instance, 
would  be  more  largely  grown  in  this  country,  and 
be  procurable  all  the  ytar  round  at  commercial 
prices,  and  not  come  from  France  and  cost  3s. 
a  lb.  in  the  market,  as  they  do  even  at  this  time  of 
the  year.  In  February  fresh  Mint  costs  nearly 
id.  a  leaf,  and  most  households  resort  to  the  indi- 


gestible dried  variety,  whereas  fresh  Mint  could  be 
grown  at  the  foot  of  the  glass  house  in  large  quanti- 
ties and  sold  at  a  reasonable  price.  Horseradish, 
the  easiest  of  all  vegetables  to  grow,  costs  more 
than  a  stick  of  Asparagus,  a.id,  I  believe — whisper 
it  softly — comes  largely  from  Germany,  where 
it  is  grown  in  Sins,  of  soil  over  a  concrete 
bottom  to  make  it  thick.  Globe  Artichokes, 
one  of  the  most  popular  vegetables  in  France,  are 
only  seen  here  in  the  most  expensive  restaurants, 
and  again  come  almost  exclusively  from  abroad, 
yet  I  am  informed  they  could  be  cultivated  largely 
in  this  country.  I  grow  them  in  my  herbaceous 
border  for  their  foliage.  Before  the  war.  Onions 
were  imported  from  the  Continent  in  large  quanti- 
ties, and  we  all  remember  the  French  peasants 
calling  from  door  to  door  in  the  larger  towns  witli 
strings  of  them  hanging  from  their  shoulders. 
Can  we  not  grow  Onions  in  this  country  ?  I  am 
regarding  the  matter  solely  from  the  commercial 
standpoint,  and  I  presume  this  is  also  the  stand- 
point  of  the  large  vegetable  growers,   and   I   am 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— r/ie  E-lUor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Garden  helpful  to  all  readers  ivho  desire 
assistance,  no  iruiUer  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
Clearly  and  concisely  written  on  one  sid*:  of  the  paper  only^ 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  Thb  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2.  The  name  and  addresi 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
tnay  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  he  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  cle-arly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  Tnoss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  tvkerc  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisbkr. 


FLOVVER     GARDEN. 

SUGGESTIONS  FOR  A  FLOWER  BORDEH  (G.  M.  S.. 

Lincoln). — It  is  rather  late  Iq  the  year  to  make  arrange- 
ments for  planting  the  borier  with  a  view  to  having  ^  it 


^ ^/  ^^  1^ 

A  ^PLAN    FOR    A    SMALL    FLOWER    BORDER    FURNISHED    THROUGHOUT    THE    YEAR. 


convinced  it  will  be  to  the  lasting  benefit  of  all 
concerned 'when  the  chefs  have  some  say  in  the 
matter. — Geo.  Cross,  Rendezvous  Restaurant,  Soho. 


The  chef  idea  is  not  *'  progressive,"  as  "  Anne 
Amateur  "  would  have  us  believe.  Rather  is  it 
revolutionary  in  the  highest  degree,  opposed  to 
the  tenets  and  traditions  of  centuries.  More- 
over, has  not  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
(unwittingly)  rather  smacked  its  own  face  by 
taking  (or  suggesting)  a  step  which  is  tanta- 
mount to  an  admission  that  the  right  men 
cannot  be  found  within  its  own  ranks  ?  "  Anne 
Amateur's "  only  qualification  for  the  chef  is 
because  "  vegetables  are  the  materials  he  uses  in 
his  work."  He  may  use  other  things,  too,  witiiout 
of  necessity  knowing  much  concerning  them. 
Mere  size  may  often  mislead  and  small  roots  that 
have  developed  slowly  may  be  quite  woody.  Here 
it  is  that  cultivation  and  quickness  of  growth  make 
all  the  difterence.  Given  these,  pods  of  Prize- 
runner  Runner  Bean  a  dozen  inches  long  would  be 
far  more  succulent  and  tender  than  pods  of  other 
varieties  half  the  length,  that  had  taken  much 
longer  to  grow.  Happily,  in  judging  such  things, 
the  cute  gardener  knows  the  signs  and  acts  accord- 
ingly. What  could  prove  of  greater  interest  than 
small  collections  from  "  Anne  Amateur"  and  Mr. 
Herbert  Chapman  respectively  ?  Just  to  demon- 
strate the  ideal  each  has  in  mind.  The  waste,  too,  of 
an  ordinary  allotment  is  often  out  of  all  proportion 
to  its  size ;  roots  and  green  vegetables  being 
permitted  to  occupy  land  that  might  have  been 
growing  a  succession  crop,  far  beyond  their  period 
of  table  fitness  and  utility,  with,  of  necessity,  a 
diminished  food  value.  For  such  things  remedies 
are  needed.  And  instead  of  chefs  at  London  shows, 
why  not  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  to  the 
rescue  ?  By  growing,  showing — -and,  if  needs  be, 
demonstrating — -the  food  values  and  utilitarian 
side  of  vegetable  produce  in  some  of  the  great 
centres  of  industry  much  that  is  worth  doing 
might  be  done. — E.  H.  Jenkins, 


fairly  well  furnished,  or  even  moderately  ao,  throughout 
the  year.  The  best  plan  to  follow  now  would  be  to  have 
the  border  gay  during  this  summer,  and  next  autumn  to 
prepare  the  border  so  that  the  plants  in  it  will  furnish 
a  moderate  display  of  blossom  the  whole  year  round. 
Fig.  A  shows  the  ground  plan.  No.  1.  Sweet  Peas  in 
clumps  near  the  wall ;  or.  if  these  are  too  tall.  Ivy-leaved 
and  seen  ted- leaved  Pelargoniums.  No.  2,  standard 
Fuchsias.  No.  3.  seen  ted -leaved  Verbenas  and  Helio- 
tropes, the  groundwork  here  being  filled  with  M^nonette. 
Nos.  4.  4,  4,  4,  clumps  of  Centaurea,  silver- leaved,  and 
a  few  dot  plants  of  Perilla  nankinensis.     No.  5  to  be  filled 


END  VIEW   OF  THE   BORDER. 

with  hardy  and  half-hardy  annuals.  Really,  not  a  great 
number  of  plants  would  be  requu-ed  to  fill  the  border, 
as  overcrowding  must  be  avoided.  Such  borders  are 
usually  informal  and  very  attractive,  especially  if  sweet- 
scented  subjects  are  judiciously  employed  ;  for  instance, 
a  few  plants  of  Tobacco  (Nicotiana  affinis)  and  several 
clusters  of  Night-scented  Stock  (Matthiola  bicornis)  are 
used.  Till  quite  late  in  the  evenmg  the  border  would 
be  charming.  No.  8,  grass  No.  7  represents  the  wall  at 
the  back.  Fig.  B  sho^vs  the  end  view  or  section  of  the 
border.  No.  3  climbers  or  plants  on  wall.  No.  4  standard. 
No.  5  half-standard  plants.  Nos.  ti  and  7  dot  plants  in 
front  of  border,  Nos.  3,  S  Mignonette  and  sweet-scented 
Stock,  and  No.  9 anuuals.     Nos.  land  10 grass;  No.  2,  wall. 

C.VIOLETS  IN  FRAMES  (J.  L..  Doncaster).— The  best 
method  of  growing  Violets  for  blooming  in  frames  is  to 
root  cuttings  now  in  a  cool,  partially  shaded  place.  Some 
of  the  moat  successful  growers  insert  then-  cuttings  about 
2ins.  apart  in  boxes  of  prepared  soil.  When  the  cuttings 
are  well  rooted  they  should  be  planted  out  in  an  open 
spot  at  Ift.  apart  and  grown  there  during  the  summer. 
Frequent  attention  is  needed  if  the  highest  results  are 
expected.  Tlie  object  of  the  grower  should  be  to  obtain 
sturdy,  single-crowned  plants,  very  like  young  Strawberry 
plants  and  with  this  end  in  view  all  runners  must  be 
pinched  out  as  soon  as  tliey  can  be  handled.  Frequent 
hoeings  of  the  surface  soil  are  very  necessary  for  the  well 
being  of  the  plants,  and,  in  order  to  check  red  spider,  they 
should  be  syringed  early  in  the  evenings  of  all  warm,  dry 
days.  At  about  the  end  of  September  the  plants  should 
be  transferred  to  the  frames,  where  they  will  tlower  during 
the  winter  and  spring.  X  good  soil  is  a  mixture  of  four 
parts  of  good  loam,  one  of  decayed  leaf  soil,  with  plenty 


234 


of  grit  and  a  good  dusting  o£  bone  meal.  Tlie  frames 
should  be  well  flUcd  with  soil,  so  that  when  the  Violets 
are  planted  the  leaves  would  just  touch  the  glass.  _  One  of 
the  most  common  mistakes  in  growmg  frame  Violets  is 
that  of  placing  the  lights  over  the  plants  and  shading 
them  for  a  few  weeks  until  they  arc  established.  This 
practice  renders  the  plants  soft  and  weak,  a  condition 
from  which  they  never  fully  recover.  The  lights  should 
not  be  placed  over  the  plants  until  cold  weather  makes 
this  absolutely  necessary-.  The  Violet  is  a  fresh  aur  plant 
and  should  be  given  abundant  ventilation,  except  during 
frosts.  In  very  severe  weather  coverings  will  be  necessary. 
The  sweetest  and  deepest  blue  is,  in  our  opinion,  the  Czar 
and  it  is  a  very  free  bloomer,  la  France  is  also  a  fragrant 
variety  but  not  quite  of  such  intense  colour.  Princess 
of  Wales  is  still  one  of  the  best  of  its  shade.  Of  double- 
flowered  Violets  we  favour  Comte  de  Brazza  (white), 
De  Parme,  Lavender,  Marie  Louise  (lavender  blue  and 
white)  and  Ladv  Hume  Campbell  for  late  flowering, 
Mrs,  J,  J,  Astor'(soft  rosy  heliotrope),  is  very  strikmg 
and  so  is  the  new  Mrs.  Lloyd  George, 

TREES     AND     SHRUBS. 

BEECH  TREE  ATTACKED  ("  Beech,"  Bucks).— 
The  Beech  tree  is  infested  with  Beech  coccus  and  no  pains 
should  be  spared  to  rid  it  of  this  pest  which  otherwise 
will  eventually  cause  its  death  and  quickly.  The  best 
thing  to  do  now  when  the  buds  have  ah-eady  burst  will  be 
to  spray  the  trunk  thoroughly  with  paraffin  emulsion  at 
summer  strength,  or  even  go  over  the  trunk  where  the 
infection  is  with  a  painter's  blow-lamp.  In  winter  scrub 
the  tree  in  all  affected  parts  with  a  solution  of  caustic 
soda — 21b,  to  ten  gallons  of  water,  Kubber  gloves  must 
be  worn  while  this  is  being  done, 

HEDGE  OF  BROOMS  (Felsted),— A  trench  dug  2ft. 
deep  by  lift,  wide  and  filled  with  garden  soil  would  do 
quite  well  for  the  hedge.  The  most  suitable  varieties 
of  Broom  would  be  Cjtisus  jpra-cox.  which  bears  beautiful 
creamy  yellow  flowers  and  is  at  its  best  at  this  season  ; 
C.  scoparius,  the  common  Broom,  and  its  variety, 
Andreanus,  bronze  and  golden  flowers ;  and  C,  albus, 
the  white  Spanish  Broom,  which  could  be  kept  at  the 
required  height  by  careful,  occasional  pruning.  If  the 
hedge  is  to  be  of  fair  length  we  should  include  Spartium 
junceum,  in  spite  of  its  tendency  to  be  relatively  short- 
lived ;  fresh  plants  may  so  easily  be  raised  from  seed. 
In  addition  to  the  common  Gorse,  we  should  plant  the 
double  flowered  variety.  Gorse  is  not  easy  to  transplant, 
so  it  saves  disappointment  if  young  pot  plants  are 
obtained. 


ROSE     GARDEN. 

ROSE  TREES  ATTACKED  (Gibbons).— The  Eoses 
have  apparently  been  attacked  by  the  fungus  Botrytis, 
probably  after  damage  by  frost.  In  the  normal  way 
the  parts  affected  would  be  cut  out  at  pruning  time. 


ROCK     GARDEN. 

AUBRIETIAS  NOT  FLOWERING  (H,  \V,  H.,  Heme 
Hill). — As  the  plants  have  not  flowered  this  season  there 
is  now  but  little  likelihood  of  their  doing  so.  The  proper 
treatment  is  to  cut  back  all  the  "  long  dry  stalks  "  to 
within  a  couple  of  inches  or  so  of  the  roots,  and  then  they 
will  form  shapely  little  clumps  which  will  flower  well 
next  year.  This"  should  be  done  now,  and  as  soon  as 
the  new  Aubrictias  have  finished  flowering  treat  them 
the  same  ;  this  pruning  should  be  done  each  year.  Unless 
the  soil  is  fresh  and  good,  it  will  be  necessary  to  remove 
the  old  surface  soil  around  the  old  plants  and  top-dress 
them  with  fresh  soil.  All  the  rock  garden  plants  will 
benefit  from  frequent  stirrings  of  the  surface  soil,  even 
though  no  weeds  are  apparent,  throughout  the  year. 


THE     GARDEN. 


LIQUID  MANURE  (  "  Jatear,"  Shefiield),— Liquid 
excrement  of  animals  is  much  richer  in  plant  nutriment 
than  the  solid,  and  should  never  be  wasted.  It  should  be 
absorbed  by  something  like  peat  or  straw  and  used  in  this 
way. 

BIRDS  AND  NEWLY  SOWN  LAWN  (Jatear).— If  the 
lawn  is  not  too  large  the  most  effective  method  of  prevent- 
ing birds  from  eating  the  grass  seed  is  by  covering  the 
area  witli  garden  netting  raised  above  it  in  much  the  same 
manner  as  when  protecting  Strawberries.  Failing  this, 
stretch  sewing  cotton  in  criss-cross  fashion  all  over  the 
ground  at  a  height  of  about  a  foot,  and  at  frequent  intervals 
suspend  hens'  feathers  from  the  cotton  :  an  easy  way  of 
attaching  the  feathers  is  by  splitting  the  quills  slightly 
and  inserting  the  cotton  in  the  split.  This  method  is 
usuallv  effective.  Should  a  few  birds  get  through  keep 
the  surface  damp  by  spraying  when  it  is  becoming  dry, 
as  seed-eating  birds  rarely  trouble  a  damp  seed-bed ; 
this  will  also  hasten  gcriuination  without  ba\iiig  any 
ill  effects  on  the  seed, 

SELECTING  AND  WORKING  A  MOTOR  LAWN  MOWER 

(G,  A,  F,,  'Tonbridge). — After  deciding  to  employ  a  motor 
mower,  the  first  essential  is  to  purcliase  a  macliine  that 
is  designed  to  suit  the  lawni  on  which  it  will  be  used.  To 
assist  in  makmg  the  proper  selection  the  following  informa- 
tion should  be  furnished  to  the  makers  to  enable  them  to 
recommend  the  most  suitable  size :  Description  of  lawn, 
whether  flat  or  undulating,  and  if  previously  cut.  Acreage 
to  be  cut.  (The  consumption  of  petrol  varies  from  about 
15  pints  per  acre  with  the  18ins.  size,  to  about  3  pints 
per  acre  with  the  36ins,,  under  normal  working  conditions.) 
Maximum  gradient,  if  any.  The  advantages  claimed  for 
the  use  of  motor  lawn  mowers  are  :  Great  saving  in  labour 
and  time.  The  lawns  are  rolled  as  well  as  cut.  Ko  marks 
are  made  by  the  feet  of  a  pony  or  horse. 

WATER  SPRINKLER  (Cotswold).— The  apparatus 
described  by  our  correspondent  is  evidently  an  elaboration 
of  the  systi?ni  that  has  long  been  in  use  in  the  pleasure 
grounds' at  Kew  and  elsewhere.  At  Eew  it  takes  the 
form  of  lengths  of  iron  piping,  perforated  at  suitable 
intervals,  supported  at  each  end  by  runners,  and 
connected  with  the  rubber  hose.  It  is  a  very  effective 
method  of  watering  over  large  areas.  We  are  not  favour- 
ably impressed  by  the  method  mentioned  by  our 
correspondent  of  fitting  spray  nozzles  to  the  pipe.  This 
must  greatly  increase  the  cost,  and  unless  the  water 
supply  is  exceptionally  good  and  clear,  we  should  expect 
the  nozzles  to  require  frequent  attention.  For  waterhig 
a  garden  of  average  size  we  should  prefer  to  use  one  of 
the  standard  sprinklers,  such  as  the  Pluviette,  In  some 
of  the  large  commercial  gardens  of  the  United  States 
the  watering  of  the  glasshouse  crops  is  often  done  by 
fixed  sprinklers.  Perforated  iron  water  pipes  are  attached 
to  the  inside  of  the  glasshouse,  and  the  watering  done 
simply  by  turning  a  tap  and  permitting  the  water  to 
flow  for  a  definite  period  :  this  is  determined  by  the 
estimated  requirement  of  the  crop  in  conjunction  with 
the  known  water  pressure, 

NAMES  OF  PLANTS.— D,  M,  V„  Surrey,— Pimelia 
ferniginea. E,  K,,  Pulborough, — Clianthus  puniceus. 


[May  7,  1921. 


OBITUARY 


THE     GREENHOUSE. 

ASPIDISTRA  UNSATISFACTORY  (Torquay).— The  leaf 
of  the  Aspidistra  is  apparently  from  a  plant  that  has 
been  ovenvatered.  Possibly  the  drainage  has  become 
stopped  up  and  should  be  seen  to. 

HOW  TO  DESTROY  SMALL  BLACK  FLIES  {E.  M.. 
Surbiton). — The  best  course  to  adopt  will  be  to  fumigate 
the  house  ^vlth  one  of  the  recognised  fumigants.  and 
repeat  it  at  an  interval  of  a  week  in  case  eggs  may  hatch 
in  the  course  of  a  few  days.  The  house  should  be  dry 
at  the  time,  and  the  fumigation  should  be  carried  out 
after  dusk. 

VINE  UNSATISFACTORY  (A.  E.  P.,  Kyde).— The  Vme 
is  undoubtedly,  we  tliiuk.  suffering  from  lack  of  water. 
It  may  be  that  the  drainage  of  the  border  is  at  fault,  and 
this  should  be  attended  to;  othenvise,  proper  attention  to 
watering  is  called  for. 

FRUIT     GARDEN.) 

PLUM  TREE  ATTACKED  ("  Charts  Edge").— The 
Greengage  is  badly  attacked  by  silver  leaf  and  nothing 
applied  to  the  root  will  save  it.  The  affected  parts  should 
be  cut  out  completely  behind  a  point  where  a  brown  stain 
is  -visible  in  the  wood,  for  to  that  point  the  branch  is 
affected.  It  may  be  that  the  browning  goes  back  into  the 
main  stem,  and  if  so  the  whole  tree  must  be  destroyed. 
The  part  cut  away  must  not  be  allowed  near  the  remainder 
of  the  plantation. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

INSECTS  FOR  IDENTIFICATION  (A.  F.,  Salop).— 
The  insects  sent  for  identification  are  bees  of  the  genus 
Ardrena.  They  usually  construct  their  nests  in  sand- 
banks or  garden  paths. 


SOCIETIES 


NORWICH    SPRING     SHOW. 

The  Spring  Show  of  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Horticultural 
Society  was  held  on  April  21.  It  was  gratifying  to  note 
that  the  attendance  was  well  over  that  of  the  preceding 
year.  Owing  to  the  earUness  of  the  season  the  Narcissi 
were  only  sparsely  represented  to  what  is  the  usual  case 
in  a  normal  season.  Colonel  B.  J.  Petre,  W'estwick 
House,  had  far  away  the  best  of  these  in  the  Show  and 
included  in  his  several  exhibits  were  many  seedlings  of 
great  merit  shown  without  name.  Another  fine  feature 
was  the  group  of  alpine  and  other  rock  plants  which 
came  from  the  gardens  of  Sydney  Morris,  Esq.,  Earlliam 
Hall.  Norwich.  There  were'the  best  and  most  recent  of 
the  Saxifrages,  Primulas  and  Gentians,  to  mention  only 
three  subjects.  The  gardener.  Mr.  J.  E.  Fitt,  had  also 
made  a  special  display  of  flowering  shrubs  which  com- 
manded great  attention.  Of  flowering  trees  and  shrubs 
by  far  the  best  and  most  comprehensive  exhibit  came 
from  J.  H.  Christie,  Esq.,  Framingham  Manor ;  there 
were  over  sixtv  named  varieties,  from  small  sprays  of 
Rhododendron  Keysii  to  huge  trails  of  Genistas,  Pnmuses 
and  Berberries  in  great  variety.  This  group  was  awarded 
a  gold  medal.  In  Auriculas,  Dr.  Osbume,  The  Grove, 
Catton,  carried  all  before  him.  Dr.  Osbume  also  excelled 
in  many  other  classes  of  pot  plants,  special  mention  bemg 
due  to"  his  six  extra  fine  plants  of  Calceolaria  Clibraini 
and  his  dozen  Stellata  Cinerarias.  Of  the  large  formed 
flowermg  type  of  herbaceous  Calceolarias,  those  from 
Mrs.  H.  J.  Copeman,  Newmarket  Road,  Nonvich,  were 
fine  indeed.  From  Colonel  H,  R.  Fletcher  came  six  extra 
well  grown  pots  of  Mignonette.  Many  other  subjects 
in  greenliouse  and  hardy  flowers  had  classes  devoted  to 
them. 

Fruits  were  not  a  strong  feature,  the  best  Strawberries 
(Royal  Sovereign)  came  from  J,  H,  Christie,  Esq, 

Vegetables  were  good,  A  flne  collection  was  put  uji 
by  Major  D,  G,  Astley's  gardener,  Mr,  E,  Chettleburgh, 
Mr.  William  Allan,  Gunton  Park,  had  the  best  Cabbages, 
the  variety  being  "  Incomparable,"  a  local  variety  of  his 
own.  The  trade  helped  very  effectively  in  making  the 
Show  interesting,  Messrs,  Daniels  Brothers,  Limited, 
Town  Close  Nurseries.  Norwich,  had  a  flne  group  of  rock 
plants  and  many  other  subjects,  Messrs,  Ben  Cant 
and  Sons  had  an  effective  group  of  their  new  Roses. 
Mr.  G.  W.  Miller,  Wisbech,  contributed  rock  plants  and 
Polyanthus  in  great  variety.  Messrs.  Reamsbottom 
staged  a  group  of  the  bright  St.  Brigid  Anemones. 


MR.     ARCHIBALD     FINDLAY. 

We  regret  to  record  the  death  of  Mr.  Archibald 
Findlay,  the  celebrated  Potato  raiser,  which 
took  place  at  his  residence,  Mairsland,  Auchter- 
niuchty,  on  April  21.  Mr.  I-'indlay  was  a  native 
of  Freuchie,  Fifeshire,  and  was  in  his  eightieth 
year  when  he  died.  He  devoted  his  principal 
attention  to  raising  new  and  superior  varieties 
of  the  Potato  which  would  be  immune  from 
disease.  In  this  he  was  wonderfully  successful, 
and  many  of  his  new  varieties  have  maintained 
their  high  quality  for  a  long  time.  At  Markinch 
he  raised  that  grand  variety  The  Bruce,  and  his 
name  is  associated  as  raiser  with  Eldorado,  which 
some  years  ago  brought  almost  fabulous  prices, 
British  Queen,  Jeanie  Deans  and  Farmer's  Glory 
are  among  those  best  known  as  due  to  his  skill 
as  a  raiser. 

A  Wash  for  Fruit  Trees.— For  syringing  trees 
outdoors  and  orchard-houses.  Take  i2lb.  of  fresh 
Quassia  chips,  to  be  had  at  the  chemists  or  horti- 
cultural sundriesman,  and  boU  eib.  at  a  time  in 
six  pails  of  water.  When  cold,  boil  again  to  get 
all  the  strength  from  the  Quassia ;  strain,  and 
take  the  liquid,  now  reduced  to  four  pails,  and 
add  I  Jib.  of  soft  soap,  half  a  pint  of  Abol  insecticide 
and  two  wineglasses  of  paraffin  oil  to  the  r2lb. 
of  Quassia. 

Le  Mans  International  Horticultural  Show, 
1921.— After  a  lapse  of  eight  years  the  Annual 
Congress  of  the  French  Chrysanthemum  Society 
will  be  revived.  It  will  take  place  at  Le  Mans 
on  November  5  to  13  next,  and  in  conjunction 
therewith  there  will  be  a  great  International 
Horticultiu-al  Show  of  flowers,  fruit  and  vegetables. 
The  Executive  earnestly  invite  British  exhibits 
and  visitors,  to  whom  a  most  cordial  welcome  is 
promised.  The  following  advantages  are  offered: 
All  exhibits  not  accompanied  by  the  owners  can 
be  sent  by  raU  ;  they  wUl  be  staged  by  competent 
persons  appointed  by  the  Executive.  The  jury 
wUl  include  a  number  of  British  horticulturists. 
The  rate  of  exchange  offers  an  immense  pecuniary 
advantage  to  British  visitors.  Schedules  and  all 
further  particulars  can  be  obtained  from  C.  Harman 
Payne,  CommissaireG^n^ral  of  the  British  Section, 
195,  Wellmeadow  Road,  Catford,  S.E.6. 

The  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institu- 
tion.— We  have  received  from  Lord  Lambourne 
the  following  appeal  on  behalf  of  this  deserving 
institution,  which  we  hope  will  be  well  supported : 
"  As  President  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society 
I  have  been  brought  into  close  touch  with  the  aims 
and  objects  of  the  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent 
Institution— a  most  deserving  National  Horti- 
cultural Charity — the  great  benefits  of  which  to 
many  most  worthy  necessitous  men  and  widows 
for  the  past  82  years  X  can  amply  testify.  In 
order  to  obtain  the  necessary  means  to  support 
the  251  aimuitants  now  bemg  assisted,  as  well 
as  to  give  immediate  temporary  help  in  cases 
of  distress,  the  Duke  of  York  has  most  kindly 
consented  to  preside  at  the  Seventy-eighth  Annual 
Festival  Dinner  in  aid  of  the  fimds  on  May  27 
next  at  the  Hotel  Victoria,  London,  and  I  venture 
to  express  an  earnest  hope,  notwithstanding  the 
difficulties  of  the  times,  that  all  lovers  of  gardening 
and  flowers— and  their  name  is  legion— will  support 
the  gracious  endeavour  of  His  Royal  Highness  by 
being  present  at  the  ditmer,  or  by  sending  a  con- 
tribution to  be  placed  on  the  subscription  list  to  be 
announced  on  the  occasion.  Any  donation  wUl 
be  gratefully  acknowledged  and  may  be  sent  to 
Sir  Harry  J.  Veitch  (Treasurer)  at  the  offices, 
92,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W.,  or  to  yours 
very  faithfully,  Lambourne,  Rt.  Hon.,  C.V.O." 


May  7,    19^1.1 


THE     GARDEN. 


Spray    well 


^%.. 
iM> 


It  is  not  enough  to  merely  wet  the  plants  with 
wash,  they  must  be  sprayed  thoroughlj-  and 
well.  Success  in  this  connection  depends  upon 
the  syringe. 

Abol  Patent  Syringes  are  the  best  you  can  possibly 
buy.  They  give  a  fine  searching  spray,  which 
hangs  in  the  air  and  so  envelops  the  tree  or  bush. 
The  spray  may  be  varied  from  fine  to  medium 
or  coarse,  as  desired. 

An  Abol  Syringe  will  last  you  a  lifetime. 

Let  us  send  you  full  particulars  and  illustrated  treatise  on  garden  pests. 

The    National    Rose    Society    recommends 

Abol    Syringes 


No. 

4    {1      X    14) 

19/6 

Bend 

'  A  "    for   directing    spray 

No. 

5    (1     X   20) 

24/- 

to 

undersides    of    leaves. 

No. 

6   (IJ  X  20) 

30/- 

2/4  extra. 

Abol   Garden    Specialities  are  sold  by  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen ,    Ironmongers,  etc. 
Sole  proprietors  and  manufacturers,  Abol  Limited,  9,  B:l!ring,  Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 


RITO  did  well  for  Potatoes 

A  user  writes  :  — 

"  Rito  did  well  for  my  potatoes,   in  fact 
I  think  it  helped  to  keep  away  disease." 

RITO  is  equally  suitable  for  all  garden  crops  and 
produces  rich  and  fragrant  flowers.  It  is  clean  to 
handle   and   free   from   smell. 

23/6,     J-cwt.    12/-,    l-cwt.    6/9,    14    lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 
SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 
Manufactured  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd.,  22,  Tunnel  Avenue,  Greenwich,  S.E.  10 


The  Rito  Smile. 


Prices  i—1     cwt. 


SPECIALITE. 


JAPANESE 

CAMELLIAS 

MAGNOLIAS 


MAPLES 
HYDRANGEAS 


(Carriage  Paid.) 

N.  Gauntlett  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

Japancstj  N'L;rserit;s.   c"HiDD[MiFOi-D,  Surrkv. 


SITUATION     WANTED. 

EXPERIENCED     GARDENER     seeks     post, 

8iD!;lt-handed  pnli ncd,  or  would  go  nnder  good  head.  Flowt-rs, 
Inift,  vpgetables.  lawns.  Good  ri-(iTence. — Box  4,  c/o  iHi. 
Gaf.des.  20,  Tavistock  Street,  London,  W.C.2. 


GARDEN   FURNITURE 


Greenhouses 
Garden 

Frames 
Etc. 
Lists    Free. 


For  Other  Designs  send  for  illustrated  Book,  "  For  the  Garden." 

THE  'BUCKINGHAM"  SEAT  and  TABLE.  substantiaUy  con- 
structed of  selected  red  deal  left  rough  from  the  saw,  except  the 
Slats  of  Seat  and  Table,  which  are  planed. 

They  are  finished  with  a  special  preservative  which  protects  the 
■wood  from  the  weather,  and  makes  them  look  JUST  LIKE  OAK. 
An  Ideal  Seat  for  Tea,  Club  or  Private  Gardens,  Bowling  Greens, 
etc..  being  specially  constructed  to  stand  hard  wear. 
Length  of  Seat  4ft.  Bin.  Other  sizes  to  order.  It  is  very  inexpensive 
and  really  an  ornamental  seat.  35.  -  each  :  66/-  for  2  seats  or  2  tables. 
or  1  seat  and  1  table  :  98/-  for3  seats  or  3  tables,  or  2  seats  and  1  table. 
This  seat,  finished  smooth  and  painted  3  coats,  white  or  green, 
£2  B,  -  each.     All  Carriage  Paid.     Cash  with  Order. 

W.  T.  REVITT,  Railway  Works,  OLNEY. 


NEPETA    MUSSINI,    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII.    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and   ROCK    PLANTS   for   any  given   aspect, 

10/6  ;  all  carriage  paid.    Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAUDEVIN, 

WILLASTON.    BIRKENHEAD. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

tf   tf    » 

THE  BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL  POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD.. 

Royal     Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


CHEALS' 
DAH  LIAS 

The  best  only  in  each  section. 


New    Illustrated   Catalogue    Free. 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
The  Nurseries, 

CRAWLEY. 


SECURE  your  WALL  SHRUBS,  Etc., 


'EVERVWANS 

iVa//  Clip 

for  irainin^ 

Trees,  Ramb/ers. 


from  DAMAQE,  by 
the  SAFEST  and 
MOST  EFFECTIVE 

Method  Extant. 
A  QreatTime  Saver. 

From 
Leading  Sundriesmen, 
Army  &  Navy  Stores, 
Civil  Service  Stores, 
Messrs.  Barr  &  Sons, 
etc. 


Box    ot    50,    Medium    Size,    3/- 


ALSO      EVERYMAN'S      SEED      SOWER. 

Price  1/-. 

If  your   Dealer  is  out  of  stock,  send    P.O.   and 

2d.   extra  for  postage  to 

HOUSE     &     GARDEN     SUNDRIES     CO., 

Dept.  a.,     10,     EASTCHEAP,     E.C.3. 


WILLIS    BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


A  REAL    MANURE 

NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE. 
NO     STABLE     MANURE     REQU IRED. 

For  digging  in  or  as  a  top  dressing.     Fc  r  Kitchen 

Garden  and  Herbaceous  Borders. 
We  are  constantly  receiving    orders    and    testi- 
monials irom  satisfied  users  both  on  heavy  and 

light  soils. 

lcwt.,17/G:  *-cwt..lO;-;  28  lbs.,  B,'-:  per  ton  £16  10. 

All  Carriage  Paid. 


SOLUBLE 

TOMATO     MANURE 

as  supplied  largely  to  market  growers. 
30,'- per  cwt. ;  56  lbs.,  16/-;  28  lbs..  8  6.  Carriage  paid. 


LAWN  SAND  &  DAISY  KILLER 

For  thickening  the  sward  and  encouraging  the 

grasses.     Destroys  daisies  and  other  weeds. 

30  •  cwt  :  561bs..  16/-;  £14  10  per  10  cwt. 


RUSSIAN    MATS 

New.      Size  7  ft.  by  3  ft.  6  in. 
Limited  supply.     42,'-  per  doz.     Carriage  paid. 

GOOD    HEAVY^ARDEN    NETS 

2.1  yds.  by  8  yds..  SS'-:    50  yds.  by  4yds  .  S5 -. 
Carriace  paid. 

Bone    Meals,      Superphosphate,      Nitrate     ot 

Soda,  Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Kainit,  Sulphate 

ol  Potash,  Baslo  Slag,  etc.,  supplied. 

Send    tor   our    list    of   Garden    Manttrcs    and 
Horticultural   Sundries.     Free  on  apfflictitton. 

Horticultural    Manure 
Sunitries, 

HERTS. 


, _     (m<m         Horlicultura 

WILLIS  BROS..  ^^ 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  7,   192 1. 


,33rd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD    AND     CHEAP. 

Post   free,    or    carriage    paid    passenger    tra.n.     [Packing    free,    no  .delay.      24/-    worth    for    20/-.      Lots    can    be 

divided.      Please    add    4d.    extra   for    orders    under    3/-     toT  help    meet    high    rate   of    postage.     ^Casfi    with    order. 

Plant  now  for  success.     Splendid  strong,  hardy  plants,  to  flower  well  this  year. 


HARDY     PERENNIAL     PLANTS. 

Agrostemma  Flos  jclrs,  crimson,  6,  1/4.      Alpine  Pinks, 

various  colours,  12,  1/6.  Anchusa  myosotisiflora,  dwarf 
rockery,  etc.,  masses  deep  gentian  blue,  3,  1/6.  Aquilegia, 
long  spurred,  new  art  sliades  and  pure  yellow.  6,  1/4.  Aquilegia, 
double  and  single  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Auricula,  alpine  and  sl.uw, 
6,  1/6. 

Bronnpton  Stocks,  all  colours,  large  1  year  old  plants,  6,  1  /4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong-rooted  cuttings,  best  named  for 
bouse  or  garden,  summer,  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  any 
colour  or  mixed,  6,  1/6.  Campanula  persicifolia  and  grandis, 
tall,  4,  1/4.  Campanula  Walilenbergia,  large  Clematis- 
flowered,  4,  1/4.  Campanula  macrantlia,  large  mauve,  4,  1/4. 
Campanula  pyramidalis,  liandsome  cliimney  bell  flower,  two 
year  old  plants,  blue  or  white,  3,  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells, 
lovely  hybrids,  12,  1/6.  Canterbury  Bells,  double  pink, 
white  and  blue,  6,  1/4.  Canterbury  Bells,  lovely  large  pink 
or  wlute  singles,  12,  1/6.  Candytuft,  perennial,  4,  1/4. 
Carnation  Grenadtn,  scarlet  or  wliile  or  mL\ed,  good,  4,  1/6. 
Carnation  Margaret,  fine  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Carnation,  good 
double  border,  all  colours,  separate,  6,  1/6.  Cheddar  Pinks, 
true,  6,  1/4.  Chrysanthemum  maximum  Mrs.  L.  Bell, 
Market  Favourite,  etc..  6, 1/4.  Chinese  Pinks,  lovely  colours, 
12,  1/6.  Coreopsis  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Crucianella,  pink 
rockery,  etc.,  3,  1/4. 

Dactylis,  silver  ribbon  grass,  6,  1/4.  Dianthus  deltoides, 
creeping,  crimson,  6,  1/4.  Dianthus,  Kelway's  lovely  named 
varieties,  separate  colours  or  mixed,  12, 1/6. 

Erigeron  (stenactes),  mauve,  4,  1/4.  Eupatorium,  white, 
.6, 1/4.     Evening  Primrosei  dwarf,  4,  1/4. 

Qaillardia  grandiflora,  6,  1/4.  Qeum  Glory,  double  scarlet, 
4,  1  4.  Gladiolus,  best  named,  large  bulbs,  scarlet,  white. 
-pink,  flame,  yellow,  salmon,  maroon,  \'iolet,  blue  and  splendid 
new  hybrids,  6,  1/4.  Qypsophila  glabrata,  dwarf  rockery, 
■6,    1/4.     Qypsophila  panlculata  (gauze  flower),  6,  1/6. 

Helenium,  mixed,  6,  1/4.  Helianthus,  perennial  Sunflower, 
12,  1/6.  Heuchera  sanguinea,  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Hollyhock, 
Kelway's  doubles,  4,  1/6.  Hollyhock,  single,  all  colours, 
■6,  1/6.      Honesty,  12,  1/6. 

Iris,  large  flag,  splendid  large  flowering  mixed,  6,  1/6. 

Kniphofla,  Torch  Lily,  scarlet,  3,  1/4. 

Lilies,  hardy  Tiger,  3,  1/4.  Linum,  blue  perennial  Flax, 
8, 1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalis,  hybrids,  6,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardinalia 
Queen  Victoria,  4,  1/4.  Lupins,  polyphyllus,  wMte,  blue,  6,  1/4. 
Lupin,  pink,  4,  1/4.  Lupin  Tree,  yi-Uow  or  white,  3,  1/6. 
:Lupins,  mixed  colours,  12,  1/6.  Lychnis,  scarlet,  salmon, 
crimson,  6,  1/4. 

Michaelmas  Daisies,  good  large  flowering,  named  sorts, 
8,  1/6;.  mixed,  6,  1/6.     Montbretia,  brilliant  spikes,  12,  1/6. 

■f .  Periwinkle,  largo  blue,  4,  1/6.  Pansies,  splendid  large 
flowering  Bugnot's  Superb,  Bismarck,  Britannia,  Masterpiece, 
Cassicrs,  Odiers,  etc.,  12,  1/4.  Pansies,  bedding  white,  yellow, 
blue,  purple,  mauve,  red,  golden,  12,  1/4.  Papaver  Oriental 
Queen,  6,  1/6.  Papaver  Oriental,  scarlet  and  crimson,  6,  1/4. 
Peas,  Everlasting,  red,  pink,  white,  4,  1/4.  Physalis,  giant 
Cape  Gooseberry,  6,  1/4,  Pinks,  favourite  double  whit«,  6,  1/4. 
Pinks,  coloured,  fragrant,  12,  1/6.  Pinks,  Japanese,  large 
fringed,  12,  1/6.  Polemonium,  blue,  6,  1/4.  Phlox,  large 
flowering,  best  named,  pink,  salmon,  scarlet,  white,  crimson, 
purple,  white  and  cerise,  3,  1/6  ;  mixed,  4,  1/4.  Potentilla, 
double  crimson,  6,  1/6.  Primula  dcnticulata  superba,  large 
clumps,  1,  1/-.  Pentstemon,  scarlet  and  large  flowering 
varieties,  6,  1/6.  Pyrethrum,  Kelway's  hybrids,  6,  1/6. 
Pyrethrum  James  Kelway,  large,  single,  scarlet,  3,  1/6. 

Rose  Campion,  crimson,  12,  1/6. 

Salvia  pratensis,  spikes  purple,  4, 1/4.  Saponaria  ocymoides, 
pink  dwarf ,  6, 1 /4.  Saxifraga,  choice  assorted,  6, 1/6.  Sedums, 
cboice^assorted,    6,  i;l/4.    Scabious,    sweet,    double,    8,    1/4. 


Shasta  Daisy, 
,  15,  1/6.  Spiraea 
n  Wings,  6,  1/6. 
Iliams,  Kelway's 
Sweet  William, 
,  1/6. 

/6.  Thalictrum, 
hot  Poker,  3,  1/4. 
winter  heliotrope. 


Scabious  Caucasica,  large  mauve,  3,  1/6. 
white,  6,  1/4.  Silene  compacta,  dwarf  pink, 
palmata,  scarlet,  3,  1/6.  Solidago  Golde 
Stachys,  Lamb's-wool,  6,  1/4.  Sweet  Wi 
Pink  Beauty  and  Scarlet  Beauty,  6,  1/4. 
Diadem,  auricular  eyed  and  good  mixed,  12, 

Trollius,  early  golden  globe  flower,  6,  1 
hardy  Maiden  Hair,  4,  1/4.  Tritoma,  Red 
Tussilago  fragrans,  very  fragrant,  hardy 
4,   1/4. 

Verbascum,  tail  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Verbascum,  dwarf,  lovely 
colours,  6,  1/6.  Valerian,  red,  6,  1/4.  Veronica,  beautiful 
blue,  6,  1/6.  Viola  cornuta,  gem  for  rockery,  mauve, 
purple,  blue,  12,  1/6.  Viola,  bedding,  Bath's  yellow,  white, 
blue,  purple,  12,  1/6. 

STRONG,    HARDY    CLIMBERS. 

Canary  Creeper,  pritty,  gracfiul,  ytUcw  fit  wiring,  rapid 
climb,  r,  12,  1/6. 

Clematis  vitalba.  Traveller's  Joy,  1,  2/-,  Eccremocarpus, 
clusters  orange-red  flowers,  3,  1/4.  Calystegia,  double  pink, 
morning  glory,  3,  1/6.  Passion  Flower,  liardy  blue  and 
white,  2,  1/4.  Tuberous-rooted  Wistaria  (not  Sinensis),  2,  1/4. 
TropjBolum  speciosa,  scarlet  flame  Howir,  3,  1/6.  Polygonum 
baldschuanicum,  very  handsome,  rapid  climber,  graceful  feathery 
flowers  from  every  shoot,  1,  l/a 

strong: VEGETABLE  AND  HERB  PLANTS. 

Spring  Cabbage,  winter  Onions,  Leeks,  Pickling 
Cabbage,  100,  1/9;  300,  4/6.  Chives,  perennial  Onions, 
20,  1/4.  Rhubarb,  best  named  red  varieties,  6,  1/4.  Sea 
Kale,  12,  1/9.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint,  Marjoram,  6,  1/4. 
Parsley,  best  curled,  12,  1/4. 

SPLENDID  STRONG,  TRANSPLANTED  PLANTS  FOR  COOL 
HOUSE   OR   SUMMER  BEDDING. 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia, 
Fig  Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailing,  3,  1/6.  Aspara- 
gus Fern,  Plumosus,  erect,  2,  1/9.  Begonias,  Salmon  Queen, 
Rose  Queen,  Crimson  magnifaca  and  scarlet  Prima  Donna, 
4,  1/4.  Begonia  Fuchsioides,  coral  pink,  3,  1/6.  Beauty 
Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Cannas,  Crozy's  splendid 
hybrids,  4,  1/6.  Celsia  critica,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4. 
Cyclamen,  very  choice  strain,  3,  1/6.  Eucalyptus,  blue  gum, 
6,  1/4.  Fuchsia,  choice  doubles,  assorted,  4, 1/6.  Qeraniums, 
scented  Oak  leaf,  3,  1/6.  Heliotrope,  large  fragrant,  4,  1/4. 
Lobelia  cardinalis  Queen  Victoria,  scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage, 
4,1/6.  Lobeliacardinalia,  beautiful  hybrids,  4, 1/4.  Marguer- 
ites, large  white,  4,  1/4.  Marguerites,  large  yellow,  4.  1/4. 
Marguerites,  lovely  blue,  4,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco,  red 
or  white,  6,  1/4.     Primula  obconica,  lovely  new  giant  hybrids, 

3,  1/6.  Primula  cortusoides,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4.  Primula 
KewensLs.  bright  yellow,  4,  1/4.    Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet, 

4.  1/6.  Salvia  coccinea,  brilliant  scarlet,  4,  1/4.  Mother  of 
Thousands,  hanging.  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus  Wisetoniensls, 
6,  1/4.  Smilax,  trailing,  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  large  new 
hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Primula  rosea,  grandiflora,  lovely,  1,  1/-, 
Streptocarpus,  lovely  Cape  primrose,  many  rich  colours, 
large  tubular  blossoms,  evergreen  pereimial,  almost  perpetual 
flowering,  a  gem  for  pots,  3,  1/6.  Cobea  scandens,  handsome, 
rapid  climber,  large  purple  flowers.  3,  1/6.  Qloxinias,  started 
bulbs,  2,  1/4. 

Sweet  Pea  plants,  separate  colours,  20,  1/6  ;    mixed,  best 
large  flowering,  waved,  etc.,  30,  1/6. 

Tomato,  large,  strong,  sturdy  plants  for  early  fruiting.  Market 
Favourite,  Carter's  Sunrise,  etc.,  6,  1/6. 

Cucumber  plants.  Telegraph,  best  for  Eouse  or  frame, 
2,  1/6. 

Pea  PlanU  (eating),  best  Marrowfats,  25,  1/6. 


SUMMER      BEDDING     CATALOGUE      NOW     READY      FREE. 


RS.    PYM,    F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH 


BIRDS      DEFIED  ! 

ROTLESS    TANNED    NETTING,    UNEQUALLED. 

:iN      LIGHT.      HEDIUU      AND      HEAVY. 

Supplied  by  us  to  Royal  Gardens. 

.50  by  1  yd..  7/-.  9/6.  13|- ;  2  yds..  14/-,  19,'-,  26/- ;  3  yds.,  2i;.,  28;8. 
-S9;-:  4  yds.,  28/-,  38/-,  521- ;  25  by  8  yds.,  28/-.  38/-,  52/- 

I  {Carriage  Paid. 

E.  B. HAWTHORN.  Ltd..  Dept  E.  SHREWSBURY. 


PELARGONIUMS    ZONAL 

Single.   Double,   and    Ivy    Le.lved.    in    12   fine   v:irieties     12/- 
per   dozen;    12  choice  varieties.   20/-  per  dozen.     Carriage 

paid  for  cash  with  order. 

Catalogue  of  Florists'  Flowers  and  Hardy  Border  Plants 

free  on  application  to 

JOHN      FORBES      (Hawick),      Limited, 

'    The     King's     Nurserymen^ 

HAWICK,     SCOTLAND. 


fi  Weeding  'i 

BACKACHING 

and 

NEVER  ENDING 
JOB 

The  best  way 
to  destroy  Weeds  on  Drives, 
Paths    and    Gravel    Spaces 
is  to  use 

COOPER'S 
WEEDICIDE 

HIGHLY    CONCENTRATED 

1    eatlon   mixed   with    100    gallona   of   water 

is  sufficient  to  treat  300  to  400  square  yards 

of   surface. 

Gained  Royal   Horticultural  Society 
Commended"    Award 

Id  Qt.  and  ).  1,  2,  5.  10.  20  and  40  caltooi. 


COOPER'S 

1— SO 

WEED-KILLER 

is  also  an  excellent  pre- 
paration for  killing  weeds, 
but  lower  in  price  and 
less      concentrated      than 

Weedicide. 
Sold  io  fame  tizes  as  Weedicido 

OF   AGENTS    EVEEYWHERE 


Revised  prices  on  application  Io  the 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

William  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS,  Ltd.. 

BERKHAMSTED. 


ASK  FOR 


ALL   GLASS 
STRUCTURES 


THAT 


Trade  Mark.     Keg.  No.    4  629. 


Require  Outside  Sliading 

SUMMER     CLOUD     SHADING    (the    only    genuine    and 

oriiiinal  ariicle). 
All    rifihts  Transferred  by   Deed   to  Corry    &   Co..   Bedford 
Chambers.     Covert     G  irden.      London,      W.C.2,      by 
Hy.  Elliott,  nn  March  27th.  1882. 

It  has  been  in  general  use  for  OVER  40  YEARS. 

BE    SURE    TO     ASK    FOR 

SUMMER  CLOUD 


AND     StE      THAT      YOU       GET       IT. 
Sold  by  all  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

Sold    in    rackets    containing    8oz.   for   100ft.  of  glass.    116 

24oz.,   3/6.     Cheaper  in  Bulk. 

Manufactured  by 

CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd., 

at  their  Bonded  Chemical  Works, 

SHAD      THAMES,     S.E.I. 

Offices  &  Shiw  Rooms  :  Bedfotd  Ctambers,  Covent  Garden,  Londoii.WX.2 


Mav   7,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


BEST  for  your  PROFITS  and  your  PLANTS 


It  is  not  the  policy  of  Boulton  &  Paul  to  dictate  to 
their  clients,  though  our  many  years'  experience 
in  making  the  highest  grade  Horticultural  Struc- 
tures enables  us  to  suggest  with  confidence  that 
our  Nurseryman's  Indispensable  Greenhouse  is 
best  for  your  PROFITS  and  your  PLANTS. 
The  length  of  each  of  the  two  houses  shown  above 
is  100  ft.  and  they  are  20  ft.  wide.  Roof  Venti- 
lators are  arranged  alternately  on  each  side  of  the 
ridge,  and  open  the  whole  length  of  the  house  in 


one  movement  by  counterbalance  weights  on 
the  gearing.  The  glass  used  is  21  oz.  through- 
out. Special  attention  has  been  given  to  making 
these  houses  sturdy  in  every  way,  and  they  are 
expressly  designed  to  withstand  high  wind 
pressure.  There  is  nothing  of  the  flimsy 
character  so  often  found  in  Nurserymen's 
Establishments — in  fact,  a  B.  &  P.  Greenhouse 
is  built  to  last  a  lifetime.  Write  to  us  fully. 
We  can    meet  all  your   requirements. 


Enquiries    invited    for     Greenhouses,    Conservatories,     Vinery    Ranges,     Peach    Houses,    Carnation    Houses,    Heating 
Systems,  Garden  Frames,  etc.,  of  all  descriptions,   with  requisite  accessories.      Clients  waited  upon  by  appointment. 


Telegrams — 
BOULTON,     NORWICH. 


Telephone — 
NORWICH  851. 


BouIt^TiRivil^ 

H^or^s  and  Head  Offices,  NORWICH. 


London  Office — 

135  —  137. 

Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.G. 4. 

Telephone — 

CENTRAL    4642. 

Telegrams  — 

BOUTIQUE     CENTRAL. 
LONDON. 


A  Booklet  contain- 
ing  the  most 
Reliable  Qarden 
Requisites    for    the 


fil 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


Successful  Cultiva- 
M     tion     of     Fruit, 
Flowers  and   Vege- 
tables   (post     free). 


A1 


"FUMIGATING 

I  Poison  1 

COMPOUND 


Kills  Mealy  Bug. 
Red  Spider,  and  all 
other  Greenhouse 
Pests.  No  trouble. 
No  risk. 
Price:  1  Pint  Can,  25,'-  each. 
Sufficient  Compound  for  40,000  cubic  Feet. 

The  Celebrated  Eclipse  Weed 
Killer  for  Lawns    and  \^alu- 

DAIsf^KILLER     p...r'^"""^^ 

31/6cwt..  1  7/-  ^-cwt..  9/-  281bs.     Bags  free. 

FFNPINfi    ^''''S^    stocks  of    Simplex    Chestnut 
rLIIUIliU   Fencing.  Quotations      for      any 

quantity.         Also    for    Iron    and    Wire     Fencing. 
Write  for  List  of  most  economical  and  durable  styles 


LAWN  SAND 


BEE  HIVES  & 


"VELTHA" 


All  in  Stuck.  The  Inipro\'edTaplo\v 
W.B.C.   Hive   complete   for   56/6. 

■  AppnAAQipn    Unbeatable     value       Constructed 

ll^y^QQyillQQ  from  selected  stout  timbers.  An 
ahsnlutely  dry   hive. 

BEES    and    QUEENS.      Selected   Stocks  and   Swarms. 

Prices  tin  :ipphc  itic)n^ 

Destroyer        of      all       Fungoid 
Diseases    attacking     the     Plant 

through  the  Soil.        Prices: 

Emulsion,   15/-  a  gall.;   Powder,  1  8/- J-cwt. 

CARRIAQE   PAID  ON  ORDERS  £1    AND   UPWARDS 


"  Le  Fruitier  " 

THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK  YET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS    CENTURY. 

AS     SUPPLIED     TO     THE 

ROYAL     GARDENS,    WINDSOR, 

THE  ROYAL  GARDENS, 
SANDRINQHAM. 

"  Your  '  Le  Fruitier'  is  a  splendid  manure. 
I  have  used  it  for  a  number  of  years 
with  the  most  gratifying  results  as  an 
artificial  manure  for  Vines,  Peaches  and 
Tomatoes,  and  I  am  convinced  it  cannot 
be  excelled.  Tho.mas  H.  Cook." 

Prices: 
36/-  cwt..   19/-  icwt.,   10/6  28  lbs., 
6/-    14  lbs.,    3/6    7  lbs.      Bags    Free. 


W"  WOOD  &  SON  L " 


TELE 


I  LATE     OF     WOOD     OREENi 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GRAMS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

IS  THE  BEST  FOR  GREEN- 
HOUSES 12  TO  50  FEET 
LONG.    MADE  IN  FIVE  SIZES. 


38.000  SOLD 


CAN      BE     ERECTED     AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everj^vhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  6Sa,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid. — "  CotrxTRT  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Ta\istock 
.Street,  Covent  Garden,   W.C.2. 


Vlll 


THE     GARDEN. 


lllAV 


192 1. 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 


For. 
Sbod 


FIC.  2.  riG.  2. 

(Welted  Patternt.  (No-Welt  Pattern) 

ONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS  USED. 

SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST!  MOST  ECONOMICAL 

Best  English  Leather  or  Rubber  Soles. 
Us<;d    in     the     Royal     and     in     thousands     of     the 

Principal    Gardens. 

Fig.  I,  can  be   re-soled   many   time    and  will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Silver  Medals:— 

Roy;jI  Horticultural  Society.  1904  and  1914 

Royal  International  Horticultural  Exhibition,  1912. 

HUNDRKDS    OF    TESTIMONIALS. 
Over  10.000  Sets  used  In  the  United  Kingdom. 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  from'tbe  Makers:— 
H.  PATTISSON  &   Co..  Streatham.  London 


'NICOTICIDE' 

NICOTINE      FUMIGANT 

Will  effectively  destroy  those  Insects  whicli 
infest  and  destroy  your  ("jreenlioiise   Plants. 

GREEN   FLY  &  BLACK  FLY,  THRIP' 

MEALY  BUG,   and    SCALE    killed  by 

'NICOTICIDE'     Fumigant. 


PRICES : 

20/-  i-pint 


Pint     20/-  i-pint     10/- 

6OZS •/-  4  07.S 4'- 

2ozs    2  3  1  oz I'2 

From  your  Nurseryman  or  Seedsman. 


Sole    Makers  : 
HUNTER  &  GOW,  Ltd.,  28,  Thomas  Sf.,  LIVERPOOL. 


etier\V/ce\T, 


MARVELLOUS  VALUE! 


FROM 

FACTORY 

TO 

WEARER 

No. 
5032 

22/- 

Post 

Paid.      ( 

BOOTS     FOR     MEN 


For     Country    Wear. 

No.  5032  is  a  genuine  Scottish-made  Boot  at 
Maker's  Price,  Post  Paid,  to  yuur  door.  A 
splendid  boot  for  country  wear.  Every  pair 
guaranteed  of  strong  solid  hide  uppers, 
unlined,  solid  leather  double  soles  with  s^le 
and  under  sole  all  in  one  piece  right  under  the 
heel.  The  greatest  bo  t  value  offered  since 
before  the  deat  War.  This  offer  is  made  for 
the  purpose  of  keeping  our  worUs  in  full  em- 
ployment. The  Price  is  now  22/  ,  Post  Paid. 
No.  5175  is  our  best  super  quality  Boot  of  Kip 
Leather,  made  of_  selected  materials  and 
nailed  sole,  same  las  above  number.  32(6. 
Post  Paid. 

Send     or   our   Catalogue   with    list   of   tieu" 
low   i>rices.     The    values    will    surprise    yoii. 

WM.    PATTERSON    &    SONS 

B89     OVERQATE     DUNDEE 


THE  MOST  PERFECT 


GREENHOUSES. 
GARDENS. 
LAWNS.  CA 


(     PATENTED) 


ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  .iny  time,  in  the  same  way.  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels equallint<  15cwts,).  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smellinti,  and  free  from  weed-^,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley.  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  WiLKS,  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  Particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  Postcard. 

Mm"  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    fiENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS.  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  "Wl 


I'l 


:luding  bags 


Small  (about  I  b  isheli,  2/3  : 
20  Large.  100/-.         Can 


Lar.'c  cibout  4  bushels),  ( 
iage  forward  for-  cash  wil 


:    5  La 
order. 


,  28/9  ;     10  L;(i-ge.  55/- 


WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use,  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  GuaraR- 

teed  Analysis  free.     Price,  incliidins  bags — 

14  lb.  b.ifi,  3/3;    56  lbs.,  11/6;    1  cwt.,  22/- 

Best   Yellow   Fibrous   Loam,  4/-.       Leaf  Mould.   A-16.      Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 

Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  pack.      Basic  Slag,  8/6.       Superphosphate,  1  2/6.     Bone 

Meal,  22/-,       Kainit  1  1  /6,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda  30/-  per  cwt. 

.SfL-  Fr,-c  Bnobht  ,IS  .ihovi'  for  />r,ct's  nf  s»uillt-r  Qiitintitii'^,  ntso  other  ffnofltt. 

WAKELEY     BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,    LONDON,      S.E.I. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


MN  Sano    Soilfumt,    \ 

i*KD   OTHER  CHtMICALS 

AGEWT  fon  THL  Eureka       ' 


LABOUR  SAVERS. 'EUREKA" 

NicoimE:.  INSECTICIDES.  FUMER5. Sprays  * 
•ND  Sundries    See  ust    Please  ask  vouh  agewt  fon  t 
ARTICLES -IhEV  ABC  ALWAYS  SATISFACTORY     If  AKY  OlfFlCULTY 
IN   OBrAINING    WE  SeiO   DIRCCT,    CARRIAGC   PAlO 


OniyAdtresiiToMLiNSON  Ic  Havwaud  Lrr  Lincoln. 


Ready  to  I  my 

^^^wlthont delay.  Notarnng 

-no  painting— no  bother  at 

all.       Lone  lasting;  —  time  and 

west heiT) roof  —  clean  to  hamlle   -far 

better    than   tarred   felt.       Of  Hardware 

ML-nhant*  ev<?ry when;. 

)  SamplkS      The  Kuherold  Co..  n 
Free.  (Dpt.S).  SI.Knightrider  St..R.C 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

c:mi;^z^M:^    Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way,  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

in  this  Fumigator  I 

Prices.— No.  1i  for  Frames   and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 

cubic  ft.    lOd.  each  ;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 

1,500  cubic  ft.,  1;3  each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 

Greenhouses   from    2,000  to  2,500  cubic  ft.,   1/9  each. 


Registered  Trade  Mark  6295. 


U  ■X'C'IVI  A  "V  "    T*^®  ^^^  *"*^  ^°"*  SuccesBfxd 

A  E^l^/^^A.         GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It  is   rapidly  taUing  the  place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Graftirg  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1/6,  3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

FOWLER'S    LAWN    SAND 

ESTABLISHED     IN     1875 

For  destroying  Daisies.  Dandelions,  Planta  ns.  Ribbed  Grass.  Thistles 
and    othtr  weeds  on    Lawns,    Croquet    Grounds,    Bowling  Greens. 
Parks,  etc..  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  th 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass. 

Many  pieparationsare  on  the  marke  under  this  name,  but  no  article 
diffe  s  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  money's  worth  generally. 

TO    BE    HAD    FROM     THE    TRADE    GENERALLY. 
PRICES-Tins,  1/6,  3/9.  71-  ;  Bags.  28lbs.  11/-.  Sfilbs,  21/-,  1  i21bs.  39/- 
Sole    Maontacturer* :    CORRY    &    CO..    Ltd..    London.  S.El. 


THE 


"BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth    "  draw 
out "  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does   not   pinch 
or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 

Postage  7d. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


GARDEN       NETTIinG. 

Strong  small  mesh.  SO  by  I  yd.,  5  6;  iW  by  2.  11  -  ;  SO  by  4 
£1;  100  by  1  yd.,  11/-;  lOO  by  2,  £1;  2S  by  8,  £1.  New 
nettings,  S-in.  6d. ;  do.  Jin.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  steam 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  1  quality,  7^d. ;  No.  2  quality,  6d. 
squa' e  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr,  p:iid,  pass,  train. 
I  hold  the  lariest  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  Write  for  large  list. 
W.   OLIVER  AILEN,  Net  Maker.   Porthleven,    Cornwall. 

Telegrams:  Oliver  Allen.  PorthUvcn. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Garden  sboald  have  its   Beehive 

Profitable,  easy  to    manage,  and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Send   for    Illustrated   Catalogue    witfn 
Advice  to  Beginners — Post  Free. 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ud., 

Welwyn,   Herts. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS,— 

By  F.  W.  HAKVEY.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2/6  net ; 
cloth  3/6  net ;  postage  4d.  e.\tra. — Published  at  the  offices- 
of  "  CoDNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Co¥ent> 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  Jenkihs,  7/6  net, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrated.  Published  at  the 
offices  of  * '  CotTNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  well -illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J,  CooK^ 
is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  CSovent  Garden,  \V.C.2, 


Published  by  "Country   Life.' 


Limited,  at  20.  Tavistock  Street.  Strand.  W.C.2.  and  by  George  Newnes.  Ljmited.  8-11,  Southamoton  Street,  Strand.  W.C.'i. 
and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press,  55  &  57.  Drury  Lane,  London,  W.C.2 


THE 


ItvB-al 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vo\.  LXXXV.— No.  2582. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y,,  Post  Office 


Saturday,   May   14,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND      FOR      CANADIAN      MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4;    Foreign,    17/4 


TO    GET    THE    BEST    DISPLAY    OF    HARDY    WATER 

LILIES   SEE   SPECIAL  ARTICLE   ON  HOW  TO   PLANT 

THEM    (Page  237). 


MERRYWEATHER'S  ROSES 


FOR  THE  GARDEN! 
FOR   BEDS! 


FOR  EXHIBITION! 
FOR  EVERYWHERE! 


Also   Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 

H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

BARR'S  SEEDS  for  May  Sowing 

Of  Finest  Strains  and  Tested  Growth 

FOR  THE  FLOWER  GARDEN  &  GREENHOUSE. 

Antirrhimini>i,  Aquilcgias,  Campanulas,  Canterbury  Bells,  Calceolarias, 
Cinerarias,  Delphiniums,  Forget-me-nots,  HollyhocUs,  Lupins,  Pansies, 
Primulas,   Polyanthus,    Primroses,  Sweet  Williams,  StocUs,  Wallflowers,  etc. 

FOR  THE  VEGETABLE  GARDEN. 

Beans,     Beet,     Carrots,     Peas,     Spinach,     Lettuce,     Radish,     etc. 
Sfecial    List    un    at>pliciitiuit. 

BA    ^^  O  Cr^lMC  11,      12       &     13,       KING      STREET, 

r^  rx   rK  Ot  ^  \J  1^  ^  ,        COVENT  QARDEN,  LONDON,  W.C  2 

ORCHIDS 

of    vigorous  bebit  and  superior  constitution.     A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect    our    immense     and    interesting  STOCK 

RAISED    BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice  Species,  Rare  Botanical  Specimens.     Albinos  in  warm  and  cool 

sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert     advice     given      and      all      requisites      supplied      for     the     good 

culture    of    Orchids. 

HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  GO., 


Go-operative  Festival  at  tiie  Crystal  Palace. 

FLOWER  &  VEGETABLE  SHOW 

SATURDAY,    JULY     16,    1921. 

Over  JS300    in    Prizes. 

Open    Section  for  Co-operative  Gardeners,  Nurserymen, 
Allotment  Holders,  &c. 

Apply  for  Schedules  to:-IVIr.  R.  HIBBERD,  66,  Great  Prescott  St.,  London,  E.I,. 


THE     GARDEN. 


"THE    GARDEN'    CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


IMay   14,    1921 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of   England 

D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
ofall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY  AZALEAS  Af^O  FLOWER  INQ  SHRUBS 

For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
SOUTHGATE  decoration. 

Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 

Established  1797  free 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 


MIDDLESEX 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New   Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Colleotion 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All  Qarden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


HY.  RICHARDSON  &  CO. 
Skeldergate  Bridge  Works, 
YORK. 


Lawn,  Garden, 
Fruit  Tree,  and 
Horticultural 
Fertilisers 


CORRY   &   CO.,   Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i   and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.z 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL   ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &    CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

write  us 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Arciii- 
tects,  specialise 
In  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show.  1912. 


J.    CHEAL   &    SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


PULMAM  ®  SON 

BY  APPOINTMENT  TO  MI?  MAJf^rlT^' 

71  NEWM.;\N  ST  axrORD  SI- 
LONDON  •  w 

NLrp^ERIE5  ■  ELSENTIAM  E55EX 


Ga>srden 

Tormal  Garden*  • 

\'lv30S  -f'Otiriloitl'a- 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i. 

Tel.  No.:  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  available,  and 

can  carry  out  aoy  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southvvark  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


TRANSPARENT  BLOSSOM  ENVELOPES. 

Specially  prLpattd  tu  withstand  n\\  weather  conditions. 


FOR 


piLpari. 
USE     IN     CROSS-FERTILIZATION 


IN     HORTICULTURE. 


.Also  a  boon  to  Gardeners  and  Exhibitors  for  protecting 

show  blooms  from  inclement  weather. 

Recommended    by    the    highest    authorities. 

SiTinfyhs  tjiifl  /trices  on  apftlication  to  sole  jiiakL'is. 

JOHN    MILLER,    LTD., 

322.  St.  Georges  Road,  Glasgow. 


Perpetual  Flowerin; 

GARNATIONI 

SUPERB      STOCKS 

nf   all   the    best    \'arieties— f 
tlarden       and'      Greenhouse 
t-elected  plants  fr(  m  3^in.   po 
stopped  and  brolicn.      The  u  ; 
del  mentioned     collections    a 
available  at  Carriage  &  Pad 
ing  Paid  Prices  for  cash  wii 
urcer,      guaranteed      stocl; : 
12    Distinct    Cut    Flower    Varieties.    24 
r  II  lu     o        ,i?^.    '""•'       &  Exhibition  Varieties.  27 
toil.  No.  3a.    100  Plants  in  12  best  DistinctVarieties,15a 

FLOWERING    PLANTS    IN    6in.    POTS. 
We  have  Imiited   supplies  of  most  varieties— really  supei 
stock  m  bud— which  we  can  offer  from  35/-  per  doz,.  carri.u 
extra.      Will    Hower   shortly,    and   continue   for    upwards  ( 
18   months. 

ALLWOODII-The  New  Hardy  Plant. 

Half  Pmk  and  half  Carnation,  grows  anywhere  and  Howei 
perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter  The  undermentione 
collections  are  available  at  Carriage  and  Packing  pai 
prices  for  cash. 

-   „  „      C«".  No.  lb.-6  Dislinct  Varieties,  11/- 
;"■.•  S"'  5?-~*  BistinclVarieties  I  Including  ;t  noveltiesl  23/ 
lOlI.No.3b.— 12       „  ,.  (Inckidingalle     „         140 

CULTURAL    BOOKLET    6d.    post    tree. 

Fully   iHn^tr.ttcJ  ami  ilesciif<liv>.'   dititlogue   ghjiily  sent  t>ost   fr, 
OH  request 

I  When  yon  think  of  Carnations  you  tbink  o 


The  leading  CernatioD  Raisers  and  Specialists  in  the  World,  Dept  4. 

HAYWARDS   HEATH.   SUSSEX 


PENTSTEMONS 


GUTBUSH'S  GIANT  FLOWERED. 

No  1  lowering  plant  has  come  into  greatei 
prominence  during  the  last  few  years  thai 
Pentstemons.  They  are  invaluable  for  Beddint 
or  for  mi.xing  in  the  Herhaceous  Borders.  Tin 
great  range  of  colour,  freeness  of  flowering 
and  lasting  qualities  make  them  a  necessitx 
in  evjry  garden. 

We  have  given  great  attention  to  improvin.u 
this  useful  flower  and  at  the  Royal  Horticiii 
tural  Society's  trials  our  varieties  were  given  ^ 
.4wards  of  Merit  and  3  Highly  Commended. 

No  plant  is  more  easily  grown,  they  flourish 
in  any  well  cultivated  soil. 

Plants   ready   NOW   in  pots,  from  5/-  per  doz. 
Please   ask  for  Special    List. 


WM.     CUTBUSH     &     SON, 


Florist  Flower  Department, 


BARNET  NURSERIES,  BARNET,  Herts, 

and    at    Highgate    Nurseries,     N.6. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

Choice    Saxifrages,    over    70    species    and 

varieties.     Sample   Dozen,  carr.   paid,  10/6. 

Send    for    full    list,    containing    many    New    and 

Rare    Plants,    Free. 

FREDK.    G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 
ASHTEAD,    SURREY. 


NEPETA    MUSSINI.    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII,    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and    ROCK   PLANTS   for   any  given   aspect, 

10/6  ;  all  carriage  paid.    Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAU  DE  VIN, 

WILLASTON,    BIRKENHEAD. 


May  14,   192 1 


GARDEN. 


WEBBS'  BEAN  SPECIALITIES.— For  Exhi- 
bition and  Table  Use.  Webbs'  New  Exhibition  Uunm-r,  in 
packets  onlv  of  1/-  and  2/6.  Wibbs'  Eclipse  Runner,  2/6  pint. 
Webbs"  Ni"w  Bountiful  Dwarf,  1/9  half-pint.  3/-  pr  pint. 
Webbs'  Supreme  Dwarf,  2/6  pint.  WEBBS'  COLLECTION  OF 
HAEDY  ANNUALS,  12  ^arietie3  for  3/6.  All  Seeds  Post  Free, 
Llnstrated  Catalosnie  on  request. 
WEBB  A  SONS,  Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  STOURBRIDGE 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, Azaleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Clunese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants 
Water  Lilies,  Border  Chrysanthemums,  Bedding  Plants,  Dahlias, 
Violas,  etc. — John  Wateker,  Sons  A-  CEisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
^urrev,  Tw>'ford,  Berks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND   GLAZING 

_..  \-jxROLITE "  superior  to  'White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins,  3/6  each;  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
—Full  particulars  from  "Waltek  Carson  <S:  Sons,  Grove  Works, 
Battersea.     Agents  throughout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Recthe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE. 

The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 

manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


BOILERS.— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."  1  No.  6  "  Mona."  For  immediate  delivery.  Prices 
on  application.  —  WM.  Duncan  Tcckee  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


LAWN  GRASS  SEED— RYDERS  MIXTURES 

lor  all  purposes  — for  Sunny  Lawns,  Shady  Lawns,  Putting 
Greens,  Tennis  Lawns,  Cricket  Grounds  and  Bowling  Greens. 
From  40/-  per  bushel ;  smaller  quantities  in  proportion.  Write 
for  list.— Ryder  &  Son  (1920),  Ltd.,  St.  Albans. 


SCOTCH    SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4- 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlothian 
Early,  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6 ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6  ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6  ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Cliief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Early,  4/6;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation — TIILIE,  Whyte  &  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA   DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
Insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/-  ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  bv  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  Imitations  ;  see  the 
name  'MoDodoall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  66-6S,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.   Established  1845.  


40,000  PAIRS  Men's  &  Women's  New  Leather 

CLOGS,  42/-  ptr  dozen,  assorted  sizes.    Only  half  to-day's  cost. 
—Taylors  Ltd.,  Norland  Rd.,  Notting  Hill. 


IF  YOU   WANT   TO   KNOW   the   best  new 

Chrrsanth'-mums,  Dalilias,  Fuchsias,  Michaelmas  Daisies,  the 
Famous  Earlliam  Montbretias,  Gold  Medal  Phlox,  Violas,  Zonal 
Geraniums,  etc.,  etc.,  send  for  H.  J.  Jones'  Catalogue,  postfne 
one  penny  stamp,  Ryecroft  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  S.E.13 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants  in  Health 

and  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
7/6  net,  by  post  8/-.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
"  CocNTEY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New   Descriptive   List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plat«, 
6d.  post  tree. — THE  Burbaqe  NtmsEEiES,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established  1773. 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  Jenkins,  7/6  net, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrated.  Published  at  the 
offices  of  ■  ■  COUNTRY  XlFE,"  LTD.,  20,  Tavlstock  Street, 
Qjvent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

—A  thoroughly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook, 
is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


BARR'S  SEEDS  for  MAY  &  JUNE  SOWING, 

for  Flower  Garden,  Vegetable  Garden  and  Greenhouse.  Finest 
selected  strains  and  tested  growth.     Descriptive  List  free. 

BARR'S  HAND-PICKED  SEED  POTATOES 

at  reduced  prices  to  clear.  Full  particulars  on  application. — 
Barr  <S  Sons,  11,  12,  13,  King  Street,  (^vent  Garden.  London, 
W.C.2. 

THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our   wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  1  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  DOUGLAS,  Great 
Book  ham. 

JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  Alters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON    AND    WIRE   FENCING   for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J,  W.  Cole  &  SON,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gaIlons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  McDouQALL 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT   TREES,   ROSES,  VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  Is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  in\ited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens.  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — Hodson  &  SON,  58,  Castlegate 
Nottingham.  

WELLS '     CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratives  for  flowering  In  the  greenhouse, 
November  and  December,  5/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  in  May,  to  bloom  from 
August  till  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  In  25  varieties  for  30/-. 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application. — W.  WELIS  &  Co., 
Merstbam,  Surrey. 


GARDEN    NETS,    tanned,   small    mesh,   for 

strawberry  and  fruit  protection  30  yards  long,  1  yard  wide, 
B/-;  30  by  2,  10/- ;  30  by  3,  16/- ;  30  by  4,  21/-,  carriage  paid. 
— A.  SIMMS,  Netting  Works,  Rye. 


VIOLETS,  double,   "  Marie  Louise,"   clumps 

6/-  a  doz. ;  Auricula  Plants.  6/-  a  doz.— Ueedkn's  School  op 
Garde.siso.  Newick,  Sussex. 


SUTTON'S  Early-Flowering  WALLFLOWER 

YELLOW     PHCENIX. 
This    delightful    Wallflower  will    commence    blooming   in  the 
Autumn  and  continue  througliout  the  Winter    if  the  weatlier 
proves  open,  and  burst  into  full  flower  at  the  advent  of  Spring. 

Per  Packet.  Is.  6d. 
SUTTON   &    SONS.    THE    KING'S   SEEDSMEN.   READING. 


A   KELWAY   BORDER   makes   a  garden  of 

enduring  beauty  from  Spring  to  Autumn  witli  a  minimum  of 
cultivation  and  without  the  trouble  and  expense  of  constant 
digging  or  bedding-out.  The  plants  composing  the  border  will 
nourish  under  almost  all  conditions. — Particulars  obtainable 
from  Retail  Plant  Department.  Kelway  &  Son.  Langport, 
Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  i)aper. 


WALLACE'S       GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "  Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.— K.   Wallace  &  Co.,   Ltd.,  The   Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING    BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)    free.— 
MoOETON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswlck. 


WATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12  6, 

carriage  paid,  different  colours ;  choice  waterside  plants  10/6 
doz.,  Alpinta  6/-,  9/-  and  11/-  per  doz.,  all  different,  named  and 
post  free.  Catalogues  gratis. — BoWELL  &  Skaeratt,  Nurseries, 
Cheltenham. 


GARDEN    ROLLER,    weight   about    2   cwt. 

2  qrs.  Stone  encased  with  Iron.  Unbreakable.  45/-.  Carriage 
Paid.  Double  Cylinder,  10/-  extra. — OvEEHiIi,  Whitectosa 
Place,  Wilson  Street,  Uoorgate,  E.C.2. 


McDOUGALL'S  "FUMERS"  &  INSECTI- 
CIDE "  Sheets  "  for  greenhouse  fumigation  ;  safe,  effective 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc. — 
McDocqall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


GARDEN  NETS,— Prompt  Delivery.— 50  yds. 

by  4yds.,  stout,  24/- ;  flnc,  16/6.  25yds.  by  8yds.,  stout,  26/- ; 
flne,  17/6.  Carriage  paid.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also 
Tennis  Boundary  Netting.  Cash  with  order. — THE  GotTEOCK 
RoPEWORK  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


PLANT  NOW,  PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS, 

strong  plants,  10/6  per  doz. ;  best  named  var.,  20/-  per  25, 
£3  10s.  per  100,  cash  carriage  paid. — Yajtoee  Sluts,  F.R.H.S., 
Guernsey.  ^_^ 


ROCKERY     PLANTS    SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free.— TERRY  Lee,  16,  Mordcn  Road,  StichCord,  Birmingham. 


HOCKEY,    GOLF,    CROQUET   AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  CotlNTET 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid.  


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND    FRUITS; 

with  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Ov^n  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden),  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Life," 
Ltd,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2/6  net ; 
cloth  3/6  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  CousTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  CJovent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

by  A.  J.  Macself.  A  practical  booklet  on  the  best  methods 
of  cultivating  these  popular  flowers.  9d.  net ;  by  post,  lid. 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  Country  Life,  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C^2^ 

DUCKS,      GEESE      AND     TURKEYS,      by 

Will  Hooley,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  «ill  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The  Manager,  "  COUNTRY  LIFE,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE    DOG  :   MAN'S    FIRMEST   FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2.  


HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  Is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid.—"  Country  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Ta\Tstock 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ 

I  End-of-Season  Special  Offer  | 
RYDERS 

I  Beautiful  BEGONIAS  I 

=  No  strains  of  Begonias   (no   matter  what  = 

=  the  price)  can  surpass  these  for  immense  E 

=  size    of    bloom,    purity    of    colours,    and  = 

=  magnificent    form.  = 

=  Easily  grown   and  dehghtfully  effective  = 

=  For  BEDDING;         For  COOL  GREE.NHOUSE ;  = 

=  For  CONSERVATORY,  eras  WINDOW  PLANTS  = 

=  With  each  order  we  give  free  a  specially  = 

=  written  pamphlet  giving   full   instructions  = 

=  for    growing     Begonias    in    the    simplest  = 

S  possible  manner  for  every  purpose.,  ~ 

=  TRY]                fBri   /         END-OF-  = 

=  THIS                ir>/«     SEASON  H 

=  WONDERFUL     '-'/           ASSORTMENT  | 

=  3  wonderful   Double   Fringed,  3   beautiful  = 

=  Single    Frilled,    3    lovely    New    Crested,  = 

S  3  splendid  Assorted.    A  magnificent  collec-  ~ 

=  tion    of    12    choicest    up-to-date    Begonias  = 

=  for  5/-,   post  free.  H 

§  3  Collections  for  12/6'  = 

=  6  Collections  for  21/-*  = 

^  •This  Guinea  Collection  is  marvellous  value.  ^ 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  | 

^  Seeds,    Plants,    Bulbs.  Tools  and   all    Garden  ~ 

—  Sundries  of    high   quality    and    at    low    prices.  ^^ 

"  SEM)     TO-DAY    TO  E 

I  RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS  | 

I  Ryder  £■  Son  {IKO .  Ltd.)  '^ 

^liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 


5t^rK>r'^>r;r;«>\>rK>or'^>r/'^^^ 


/?*s^. 


Cheap  Floiccr  Seed  for  ■voicing 
in  open  ground  or  cold  frames 
litis  month  to  provide  plants  foi- 
next  year.  A  very  small  outlay 
in  seeds  zcill  give  great  results 
in  nice  plants. 

ANEMONE,  St   Brigid,  a  very 
fine   strain,  6d.  packet. 
AQUILEGIA.   Pearson's   long- 
spurred  strain,    very  fine.    6d. 
and  1j-. 

GAILLARDIA,  fine  perennial 
for  cutting,  6d. 

LUPIN  US  arhoreus  Snow 
Queen,  fine  tree  Lupin,  6d. 
POLYANTHUS  PRIMROSE. 
Pearson's  selected  mixed,  6d . 
and  Ij- :  Munstead  strain,  very 
large  flowers  and  fine  trusses, 
colours  from  white  to  deepest 
orange  yelloxv.  6d.  and  1j-. 
WALLFLOWERS.  Blood  Red. 
Eastern  Queen .  Fire  King  (neiv). 
6d.  Golden  Tom  Thumb.  Har 
binger  (deep  red.  early).  Prim- 
rose Dame.  Ruby  Gem,  Ruby 
Violet  (very  distinct).  Vulcan 
(tlie  finest  deep  red).  Single, 
mixed,  all  3d.  and  6d .  per  pkt., 
with  exception  of  Fire  King. 
DOUBLE.fincstmixed.6d.  &  Ij-. 

J .  R.  Pearson  &Sons.  Ltd., 
Lowdham, 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


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[May  14,  1921. 


YIELD    both    us 

regards       quality 

and  quantity  will 

surely  follow  the 

application         of 

Canary  Guano  to 

your     Tomatoes, 

Cucumbers,  Melons. 

Grapevines,  etc.  An 

invaluable  fertilizer  and 

ill     food  for  all  plant  life. 

Cuatio 

Obtainable  from  all  Seedsmen  m 
Cartons,  1/- each.  Bags,  71b.  3/S; 
Mlb.,  6/6:  JSIb..  II'-:  S6  lb. 
19/- J  I  cwL.  35'-.  each;  or 
direct  from  the  maUers. 
Wrile  today  lor  FREE 
Booklet  No.  11.  contani. 
ins  f»lt  particulars  nt 
Canary  Guano,  UL'itli 
Garden  Diary  for  t!<e 
Year,  hast  free  on 
application. 

CHEMICAL  UNION.  Lid, 
IPSWICH 


Notes  From   Maidstone. 


APPLE     BLOSSOM. 


Very  seldom  have  our 
apple  trees  been  more  laden 
with  flower  than  this  season. 
In  our  trial  orchard  of  300 
varieties,  only  4  trees  are 
flowerless.  The  prospects 
of  a  good  apple  crop  are 
therefore,  so  far,  promising, 
and  those  who  would  like 
to  learn  a  little  more  about 
these  fruits,  and  also  Pears, 
should  purchase  "  The 
Handbook  of  Apples  and 
Pears,"  by  Mr.  E.  A. 
Bunyard,  which  any  book- 
seller will  supply  for  7/6, 
or  which  can  be  sent  by 
post  for  5/-,   by — 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


Blackmore  &    Langdon's,    Bath, 

Collections    of   Choice    Assorted    Un-named 

DOUBLE,  SINGLE  AND  SINGLE  FRILLED  BEGONIAS, 

all  in  line  strong  tubers.       Especially  suitable  for  Greenhouses  and  Conservatory  decoration. 

COLLECTION  F.,  36  Large  Tubers.— E.xtra  choice,  £4  10s.     Half  Collection,  £2  7s.     All  colours  included  in 

each  dozen.      12  Class  A.X.  Doubles,  12  Superb  Singles,  12  Class  A  Frilled  Singles. 
COLLECTION  G.,  36  Large  Tubers.— Very  choice,  £3  10s.     Half  Collection,  £1  17s.     12  Class  A  Doubles, 

12  Class  A  Singles,  12  Class  A  Frilled  Singles. 
COLLECTION  H.   36  Large  Tubers.- Choice,  £1  17s.  6d.     Half  Collection,  £1.     12  Class  B  Doubles,  12  CLiss 

B  Singles,  12  Class  B  Frilled  Singles 
COLLECTION  I.,  36  Large  Tubers.— Good,  158.  6d.     Half  Collection,  8s.     12  Class  C  Doubles,  12  Class  C 

Singles,  12  Class  C  Frilled  Singles. 

VIOLETS. — Rooted   Runners  of  the  following  good  sorts:  — 

DOUBLES— .Mrs.  D.  Lloyd  George  (new)                ...              ...              ...  ...           6s.  per  doz.,  42s.  per  100 

La  Belle  Parisienne,  .\Iarie  Louise  and  .Mrs.  J.  Astor  ...  ...    3s.  6d.  per  doz.,  25s.  per  100 

SINGLES— Princess  of  Wales,  Governor  HerricU...              ...             ...  ...     3s.  6d,  per  doz.,  25s.  per  100 


RITO  a  Prize  Winner 

A  user  writes  : — 

"Through    using     Rito    this    year,     I    have 
won    10    Prizes   at   Horticultural   Shows." 

This  is  proof  that  RITO  produces  the  best.  Equally 
suitable  for  all  garden  crops,  and  produces  rich  and 
fragrant  flowers. 

Prices:— 1     cwt.    23/6,     ^-cwt.    12/-,     i-cwt.?  6/9,    14   lbs.    3/9,    7  Jbs.    2/- 

SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

Manufactured  titider  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd..  22.  Ttinnel  Avenue.  Greenwich,  S.E.  JO 


The  Kito  Smile. 


No.  2582 —Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[May  14,  1921. 


THERE  can  be  little  doubt  that  the 
Polyanthus  is  a  cultivated  form  of  the 
common  Primrose  (P.  vulgarisl  with 
the  stems  developed.  For  colouring 
they  are  unsurpassed  in  the  spring  garden, 
and  yet  they  are  not  cultivated  in  gardens  as  much 
as  they  ought  to  be.  Thanks  to  the  skill  of  the 
hybridist — who,  by  careful  selection  and  hybridisa- 
tion, has  given  us  the  modem  race  of  Polyan- 
thuses— flowers  are  now  to  be  obtained  beautiful 
in  form  and  colour.  There  are  many  strains  of 
Polyanthus  Primroses,  and  quite  recently  we 
received  from  Messrs.  Blackmore  and  Langdon 
flowers  of  a  new  strain  in  many  hues  from  deep 
crimson  to  orange  and  pale  primrose.  The  plants 
are  large,  but  not  coarse,  and  the  flowers  are 
refined  and  well  modelled,  borne 
on  long,  stout  stems.  Polyan- 
thuses are  very  beautiful  and  will 
without  doubt  be  in  every  garden 
within  the  near  future.  The  Poly- 
anthus is  easily  raised  from  seed, 
which  should  be  sown  immediately 
it  is  gathered,  that  is,  about  the 
end  of  June..  Any.  good  loam 
suits  the  -  Polyanthus  with  the 
addition  of  sand,  ■  leaf-mould  and 
rotten  cow-maniire.  They  enjoy 
a  partisJly-  shaded  and  sheltered 
position. 

A  Beautiful  Dwarf  Poppy.— The 
brilliant'-  hued  Papaver  umbro- 
sum  seems  to  be  entirely  over- 
looked in  most  gardens  and  yet  it 
is  one  of  the  most  telling  of  hardy 
annuals  and  well  deserves  a  place 
in  every  flower  garden.  A  native 
of  the  Caucasus,  it  is  very  hardy 
and  the  plants  growing  under  iSins. 
in  height  are  less  liable  to  be 
damaged  by  rough  winds  than  are 
some  of  the  other  Poppies.  Except 
on  heavy,  moist  soils,  seed  may  be 
sown  in  early  autumn  and  the  plants 
will  then  flower  quite  early  in  the 
following  summer.  It  also  suc- 
ceeds admirably  sown  from  the 
middle  of  April  to  the  middle  of 
May.  Sow  the  seeds  thinly  in  rows,  gins,  to  i2ins 
apart,  and  when  well  up,  thin  down  to  6ins.  or 
7ins.  from  plant  to  plant  in  the  rows.  An 
occasional  stirring  of  the  soil  with  the  Dutch 
hoe  is  all  the  further  care  necessary. 

Dressing  Asparagus  Beds  with  Fish  Manure. 
— It  is  an  excellent  plan  to  dress  the  beds  several 
times  during  the  season  of  cutting.  For  early 
dressing  nothing  is  better  than  fish  manure.  It 
is  an  excellent  fertiliser  and  does  not  retard  growth 
by  keeping  the  beds  in  a  cold,  wet  state.  Fish 
manure  being  very  powerful,   it  must  be  applied 


with  care.  Failing  fish  manure,  it  is  an  excellent 
plan  to  dress  the  beds  with  guano  and  a  mixture 
of  soot  and  agricultural  salt. 

Sowing  Picliling  Onions.— Early  May  is  a 
favourable  time  to  sow  this  crop.  Select  an  open 
plot  where  the  soil  is  firm  but  not  over-rich.  The 
drills  should  be  drawn  about  6ins.  apart.  Sow 
thinly  and  allow  all  the  seedlings  to  remain  without 
thinning.  By  sowing  on  firm  and  rather  poor 
ground  the  bulbs  produced  are  of  the  size  most 
desired  for  pickling. 

Raising   Vegetable  Marrows.— With  ordinary 

care  plants  raised  about  the  middle  of  this  month 
will  be  in  good  condition  by  the  time  the  weather 
is  suitable  for  planting.  Sow  in  6in.  pots  and 
keep  in  a  frame  over  a  gentle  hot-bed.     I  n  preparing 


THE    FLOWERS    OF     THIS    STURDY    STRAIN    OF    POLYANTHUS 
PRIMROSES    ARE    LARGE    AND    HIGHLY    COLOURED. 


sites  for  Vegetable  Marrows  see  that  they  are  well 
exposed  to  the  sun  and  sheltered  from  cutting 
winds.  Heaps  of  fresh  manure  are  not  essential, 
although  a  fairly  rich  bed  is  certainly  needed. 

Scarlet  Runners. — As  a  rule  May  14th,  is  early 
enough  to  sow  in  the  open  in  most  districts.  Scarlet 
Runners  succeed  best  on  strong,  fertile  soils. 
Seeds  should  be  sown  in  double  rows  gins,  apart, 
allowing  not  less  than  6ft.  between  the  rows. 
Isolated  rows  are  most  productive  in  small  gardens, 
as  other  crops  may  be  grown  up  to  within  3ft.  of 
the  row. 


French  Beans. — As  with  Rmmers,  it 'is  not"safe 
to  sow  French  Beans  much  before  this  date,'  and 
then  only  a  part  should  be  sown.  Select  a  warm 
south  border  for  the  early  sowing.  For  the 
smaller- growing  varieties  the  rows  should  be  2ft. 
apart  and  for  the  stronger  growers  3oius.  will  be 
necessary.  " 

The  Dropping  of  Peach  Buds.— Complaints 
have  already  reached  us  of  buds  dropping  from 
Peach  trees.  This  is  usually  brought  about  by 
extremes  of  drought  or  moisture,  heat  or  cold, 
direct  sunshine  or  shade.  The  modern  use  of  all 
fruit  houses  for  the  storage  and  gro%vth  of  other 
plants  is  probably  one  of  the  fertile  causes  of  so 
many  flower  buds  dropping  at  the  present  day. 
The  old  cultivators  were  most  dissatisfied  with  a 
good  crop  of  Peaches  sandwiched 
with  Strawberries.  Now  many 
houses  are  overcrowded  with 
trees,  which  have  hardly  room 
to  breathe  for  other  plants.  The 
remedy  may  possibly  be  found 
in  raising  and  insisting  on  the 
old  cry,  "  The  Peach  house  for 
the  Peach  trees." 

Thinning  and  Disbudding  Apri- 
cots.— The  thinning  of  the  fruits 
and  disbudding  of  surplus  shoots 
call  for  attention  almost  concur- 
rently. Both  operations  should  be 
carried  out  a  little  at  a  time  and 
thus  avoid  giving  the  trees  any 
check.  Undersized  and  badly  placed 
fruits  should  be  removed  first,  and 
the  final  thinning  avoided  until  it 
is  quite  clear  which  fruits  are 
properly  swelling.  In  dealing  with 
the  disbudding  much  depends  upon 
the  trees,  and  no  hard  and  fast  rule 
can  be  given  to  suit  all.  Wood 
required  for  extension  should  be 
carefully  attended  to  and  kept 
intact,  likewise  in  a  great  many 
cases  some  good  base  shoots  should 
be  laid  in  to  cover  any  possible 
gaps  which  may  occur.  Where  too 
thick  and  badly  placed,  the  shoots 
should  be  removed  and  othei's 
pinched  to  induce  spur  formations.  A  few  good 
syringings  will  help  the  trees  to  grow  away  freely 
and  cleanly,  but  this  must  be  done  sufficiently 
early  in  the  day  so  that  the  fruit  and  foliage  are 
throughly  dry  before  night. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 


'  May  24. — Chelsea  Show,  to  be  held  in  the  RoysJ; 
Hospital  Gardens,  Chelsea  (three  days). 

May  25. — Irish  Gardeners'  Association  Meeting. 


236 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  14,  1921. 


Tulip  Time — the  Time    to 
Learn  Next  Year's   Lesson 

Tulip  time  comes  when  there  is  a  dearth 
of  other  gaily  coloured  flowers,  and  for 
next  year's  guidance  the  best  varieties 
should  be  noted  while  they  are  still  in  the 
height  of  their  beauty.  The  writer  of  the 
following  article  indicates  the  varieties  of 
which  he  thinks  highly.  Readers  should  try 
to  see  them  while  in  bloom  this  month. — ^Ed. 

A  FEW  Darwins  opened  before  May  Day, 
but  most  of  them  began  to  show  colour 
in  the  first  week  of  the  month.  An  early 
giant  is  Valentine,  a  beautiful  violet- 
mauve,  with  an  electric  blue  base.  The 
huge  blooms  last  for  three  weeks.  Another 
early  opener  is  Pride  of  Haarlem,  a  bright  cerise, 
with  a  quantity  of  carmine  in  its  colour  blend, 
rather  a  difficult  shade  to  harmonise.  It  is  a 
noble  flower,  well  formed,  and  generally  30  inches 
tall.  Soon  after  it  comes  a  softer  cerise,  which 
opens  cherry-pink  and  turns  to  rosy  carmine  in 
the  later  stages.  In  this  flower  the  rose  tint  is 
predominant.  In  the  paler  rose  shades  among  the 
earliest  flowers  is  a  fine  variety  in  Sieraad  van 
Flora,  a  veritable  queen.  Edmee,  a  pale  pink  with 
rosy  tips  opens  about  a  week  later. 

The  first  week  in  May  usually  sees  most  of  the 
purple  and  violet  shades  out :  Marconi,  of  rich,  deep 
colour  and  fine  form  ;  St.  Simon,  hardly  as  large 
and  with  a  reddish  sheen  on  the  outside ;  Jubilee, 
Geefs,  The  Bishop  and  Moralis,  all  inclining  to 
violet. 

There  are  many  dazzling  scarlets  in  full  flower, 
too.  Isis  is  one  of  the  best.  It  is  very  bright 
and  has  a  clear  blue  base,  with  a  white  border.  Feu 
Brilliant  is  a  magnificent  flower,  with  a  tinge  of 
orange  in  its  vermilion-scarlet.  Ariadne  is  a  tall 
scarlet,  with  a  large,  long  cup.  Glow,  equally 
bright,  but  of  smaller  proportions.  City  of 
Haarlem  is  the  monster  of  this  group.  Its  big, 
blood-red  flowers  are  of  wonderful  lasting  quaUties. 
In  paler  shades,  Suzon  and  Sophrosyne  are 
pretty  in  their  soft  hues  of  creamy-rose.  Psyche 
and  Massenet  are  just  as  dainty,  the  latter  being 
one  of  the  loveliest  of  all  the  Darwins,  and  one 
which  gives  a  change  of  tints  in  its  various  stages 
of  development. 

As  a  contrast.  La  Tulipe  Noire,  Fra  Angelico, 
Leonardo  da  Vinci  and  Auber  are  all  striking  in 
their  blackish-maroon  shades,  each  with  a  glossy 
sheen  as  if  it  had  been  touched  by  the  brush  of  some 
great  Italian  painter.  Nothing  is  so  attractive  in 
the  dark  shades  unless  it  is  the  browns  and  bronzes 
of  the  breeders,  Dom  Pedro,  Louis  XIV  and 
Turenne. 

But  the  Darwins  do  not  display  their  fuU  beauty 
till  Clara  Butt  appears  in  soft  salmon  pink  dress, 
and  Mr.  Farncombe  Sanders  in  a  coat  of  cochineal 
red  These  with  the  lovely  lavender-lilac  of 
Rev.  Ewbank  are  three  of  the  most  popular  varieties 
and  ought  to  be  in  every  Tulip  collection. 

1  cannot  pass  the  charms  of  the  following  without 
some  short  comment.  AUard  Pierson,  of  rich 
shining  maroon  ;  Corydon,  a  pale  mac,  with  a 
bronzy  sheen,  shading  to  silvery  grey  ;  Crepuscule, 
reminiscent  of  the  purple  colours  of  the  twilight ; 
La  Tristesse,  with  a  curious  shade  of  slaty  lUac  on 
the  outside  and  a  coppery  violet  veneering  on  the 
inside  ;  Mrs.  Potter  Palmer,  one  of  the  richest  of 
the  mauves;  Millet  and  King  Harold,  deep 
crimson  maroons ;  the  deep  salmon-rose  Yolande, 
and  even  the  despised  magenta  of  WiUiara  Goldring. 
Cottage  Tulips  begin  to  open  after  the  first  week 
in  May.  Their  shapely,  spiral  form  gives  a  graceful 
touch  among  the  bolder,  square-shouldered  Darwins. 
I   like  the  long  waisted  blooms  of  Jlrs.  Moon    a 


gem  among  the  yellows.  Moonlight  of  softer 
shade  is  also  very  beautiful.  Then  there  is  the 
still  more  softer  tinted  primrose  of  Gertrude, 
Flava  and  Leghorn  Bonnet. 

Feu  Ardent  is  a  fine  early  scarlet,  followed  later 
by  more  brilliant  varieties,  such  as  Scarlet  Emperor, 
Coronation  Scarlet  and  Mauriana,  the  latter 
nearly  vermilion.  Flame  colours  abound  in  such 
richly  hued  types  as  Emerald  Gem,  with  a  bright 
green  base.  Lion  d'Orange,  Marksman,  Orange 
King,  Caledonia,  Hammer  Hales,  and  that  very 
fine  late  variety.  La  Merveille.  Sunset  and  Golden 
Crown  are  splashed  and  streaked  with  scarlet  on 
their  yellow  backgrounds. 

Cassandra  is  a  clean  flower  of  bright  cerise, 
which  the  sun  lights  up  like  a  lantern.  Its  short 
habit  makes  it  an  ideal  bedder. 

There  is  an  indescribable  mixture  of  colours  in  the 
bronzes  and  shot  shades.  Queen  Alexandra  has 
purplish  streaks  on  its  lemon  yellow  ground  colour  ; 


there  is  chrome,  apricot  and  pale  purple  in  the 
mingled  tints  of  Jaune  d'CEuf;  Bronze  Queen  has 
rosy-lUac  and  amber-bronze  ;  Goudvink,  chestnut- 
gold  ;  John  Ruskin,  egg-shaped  blooms  of  orange, 
pink  and  apricot ;  Faerie  Queen,  light  purple,  with 
pale  primrose  margins  ;  Beauty  of  Bath,  a  delicate 
mixture  of  lemon  and  rosy  heliotrope,  and  The 
Fawn,  a  suffusion  of  rose  on  white  and  a  band  of 
salmon  on  the  outside.  Inglescombe  Pink  opens  a 
delicate  rose  pink,  changes  to  varying  tints  of 
salmon-pink  and  apricot,  all  harmonising  with  its 
lovely  starred  blue- green  base. 

The  last  of  the  Cottage  varieties  to  bloom  is 
Pride  of  Inglescombe,  %vith  dainty  edge  of  rose- 
pink  on  its  white  ground.  The  colour  slowly 
diffuses  till  it  covers  in  streaks  and  faint  pencillings 
the  whole  flower.  When  the  hot  days  of  June  tell 
their  tale  among  the  fading  colours  there  is  still  a 
solitary  splash  of  pink  in  the  disappearing  Pride  of 
Inglescombe.  Norman  Lambert. 


Hardy  Water  Lilies  :   Preparations  for   the  Summer 

Must   be   Made   Now 

The  Sound  Advice  here  Given  zcill  Dispel  much  of  the  Misunderstanding 

that  Exists. 


Time  to  Plant  or  Divide. — The  right  season  of 
the  year,  so  far  as  my  experience  has  taught  me, 
has  now    arrived   when  these   lovely   floral    gems 


2ft.  in  diameter.  In  these  they  remained  for 
about  two  years.  Then  I  put  them  into  larger 
and  similar  baskets,  some  3ft.   and  some  4ft.   in 


BASKETS    CONTAINING    WATER    LILIES    PLACED    IN    POSITION    FOR    PLANTING. 


of  our  xakes,  ponds  and  pools  may  be  safely  planted, 
or,  if  needful,  be  divided  and  planted  afresh. 
I  have  found  the  end  of  April  or  early  in  May  to 
be  the  best  and  safest  time  to  plant  or  divide. 
When  I  received  my  first  consignment  of  plants, 
now  some  years  back,  they  were  so  small  that 
I  planted  them  in  shallow  Strawberry  puimets 
some  loins.  or  so  across.  I  found  them  to  do  well 
the  first  season  in  these  small  receptacles.  The 
following  winter  I  lost  one  only,  viz.,  Nymphjea 
flava,  which  I  ought  not  to  have  attempted ; 
but  we  must  learn  some  things  by  our  failures 
as  well  as  by  our  successes. 

I    removed     them    the    following    spring    and 
placed  them  into  old  nursery  round  baskets  about 


diameter,  in  accordance  with  the  vigour  of  the 
plants.  The  next  process,  a  few  years  later, 
was  to  divide  the  stools,  maldng  some  three  or 
four  separate  planting  crowns  of  each  of  the  strong- 
growing  kinds.  Others  that  do  not  grow  so 
strong — -as  Nymphaa  odorata  and  its  varieties — 
were  not  so  sub-divided.  All  of  this  work  I  have 
done  as  stated  either  late  in  April  or  early  in  May, 
according  to  the  season. 

This  spring,  for  instance,  it  may  be  assumed  that 
the  present  will  be  suitable.  When  using  the  larger 
baskets,  we  used  to  slide  them  back  into  the  water 
upon  two  running  planks,  and  pull  them  as  far 
as  needful  by  means  of  ropes  from  the  other  side 
of  our  pond.     It  is  quite  necessary  in  every  case 


Way  14,  192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


237 


for  the  well  being  of  the  plants  to  secure  the 
crowns  in  their  baskets  by  means  of  string  that 
will  ultimately  decay. 

Reasons  lor  Divisions  of  Crowns.^The  reason 
why  some  of  the  more  robust  varieties  need  sub- 
dividing is  the  dense  growth  that  is  made  and 
by  the  numbers  of  offsets.  The  marliacea  section 
as  represented  by  N.  marliacea  chromatella, 
N.  m.  albida  and  N.  m.  rosea  are  all  vigorous 
growers.  Thus  it  will  frequently  happen  that 
the  leaves  will  thrust  themselves  far  above  the 
surface  of  the  water,  instead  of  floating,  as  they 
should  do.  The  remedy  for  this  is  division, 
and  afterwards  to  place  them,  wherever  possible, 
into  deeper  water.  These  varieties  and  others 
that  possess  long  petioles,  or  leaf-stalks,  indicate 
by  this  distinctive  feature  that  deeper  water  will 
suit  them.  I  have  seen  X.  m.  chromatella  thriving 
in  as  much  as  gft.  of  water,  and  frequently  in 
6  ft.  or  thereabouts. 

The  Best  Soil  to  Use. — My  practice  has  been 
to  use  good  fibrous  turfy  loam  mixed  with  road 
scrapings  and  some  decomposed  leaves.  The 
latter  I  prefer  to  use  at  the  bottom  of  the  baskets. 
This  soil  should  all  be  made  as  firm  as  it  can  be 
by  using  the  hands  only.  I  do  not  recommend 
animal  manure  of  any  kind  whatever.  Some, 
I  know,  do  use  it,  and  for  one  season  perhaps  it 
may  be  beneficial  in  some  cases.  I  am,  however, 
disposed  to  form  an  opinion  that  by  the  use  of 
such  stimulants  a  disease  is  engendered.  This 
has  been  known  to  be  the  case.  There  is,  I  con- 
sider, quite  sufiicient  detritus  in  our  waters  for 
Water  Lilies  to  thrive  well  without  such  manures 
being  employed. 

The  Best  Positions  to  Choose. — It  may  be 
accepted  as  a  general  guide  that  aU  Water  Lilies 
thrive  best  in  the  full  sunshine,  at  least  for  a  part 
of  the  day.  Any  excess  of  shade  is  prejudicial 
to  their  well  being.  Those  that  possess  flowers 
of  the  deepest  shades  of  colour  all  look  at  their 
best  when  the  sun  shines  upon  them ;  then  they 
sparkle  like  so  many  diamonds  upon  the  surface 
of  the  water     Still  water  is  best  for  them  at  all 


times.  Running  water,  where  the  motion  is  quite 
perceptible,  is  not  congenial  to  them.  I  noted 
this  once  when  going  up  the  Rhine  from  Cologne 
to  Mayence,  on  my  way  to  Frankfurt.  I  watched 
closely  for  any  s>Tnptom  of  Water  Lilies,  but 
only  descried  them  in  quite  a  sheltered  pool, 
or  backwater,  so  to  speak,  where  the  water 
was  comparatively  motionless.  I  observed  the 
same  upon  the  Norwegian  Lakes.  It  was  only 
in  the  more  sheltered  recesses  that  they  appeared 
to  revel.  In  a  mountain  tarn  well  above  Coniston 
Water  I  saw  this  same  characteristic.  It  may, 
I  think,  be  taken  as  an  accepted  fact  that 
the  quieter  the  water  is  the  better  will  they 
thrive.  J.   H. 


The    Blue    Water    Lily 

The  blue  form  of  Nymphaea  stellata,  illustrated  on 
the  front  cover,  is  beyond  doubt  one  of  the  most 
exquisite  Water  Lilies  in  cultivation.  The  clear 
sky  blue  flowers  are  seen  to  advantage  as  they 
rise  on  slender  stems  at  least  18  inches  above 
the  surface  of  the  water.  It  has  one  fault  only, 
namely,  that  it  is  not  hardy,  and  in  this  respect 
it  just  misses  being  an  indispensable  subject  for 
English  gardens.  In  the  gardens  at  Gunnersbury 
House  it  has  for  some  years  been  successfully 
grown  in  a  little  sheltered  pool  where  the  tem- 
perature of  the  water  is  kept  about  65°  Fahr. 
by  means  of  hot-water  pipes  placed  low  in  the 
water.  From  Gunnersbury  this  blue  Nymphaea 
has  been  sent  to  Wisley,  where  each  summer 
the  plants  may  be  seen  flowering  with  great  free- 
dom in  an  open  tank.  It  was  in  late  .-Vpril  that 
the  plants  were  first  taken  to  Wisley,  and,  within 
four  days  from  the  time  of  planting,  the  first 
flowers  made  their  appearance.  Since  then 
there  has  been  a  constant  succession  of  flowers 
through  each  succeeding  summer  until  the  end 
of  September.  The  Nymphaeas  are  planted 
between  bricks  in  a  mixture  of  sand,  leaf-mould 
and  loam.  The  tank,  which  is  protected  from 
the  north  and  north-east,  has  been  specially  made 


to  accommodate  the  Blue  Water  Lily.  It  contains 
about  4  feet  of  water  and  is  supplied  with  hot- 
water  pipes,  although  no  heat  is  applied  in  the 
warm  summer  weather.  It  is  thought  that  so 
long  as  the  ice  is  kept  away  in  winter,  the 
plants  will  come  to  no  harm.  Although  in  a 
sheltered  position,  the  plants  receive  full  benefit 
from  the  sun.  This  is  as  it  should  be,  for  an 
excess  of  shade  is  prejudicial  to  all  Water  Lilies, 
while  the  flowers  always  look  their  best  when  the 
sun  shines  upon  them.  H.   C. 


The  Best  Climbers  for  the 
Greenhouse 

A  JUDICIOUS  use  of  climbing  plants  will  serve  to 
tone  down  the  harsh  angles  of  the  interior  of  the 
greenhouse  and  impart  a  finish  to  that  structure. 
For  the  accommodation  of  the  climbers  a  bed  may 
be  prepared  underneath  the  stage  in  which  they 
may  be  planted  out,  or  they  may  be  grown  in  pots 
or  tubs.  If  a  bed  for  planting  them  out  is  made, 
effective  drainage  must  be  provided  for.  As  light 
is  so  essential  to  the  occupants  of  the  greenhouse, 
most  of  the  climbers  should  be  reasonably  pruned 
back  in  the  autunan. 

The  following  is  a  short  list  of  climbing  or 
rambling  plants  that  are  suitable  for  furnishing 
the  roof  or  rafters  of  a  greenhouse :  Abutilon, 
Asparagus  plumosus,  Clematis  indivisa,  Coba;a 
scandens,  Habrothamnus  of  sorts,  Hibbertia  dentata, 
Hoya  carnosa,  Jasminum  grandiflorum,  Kennedya 
of  sorts,  Lapageria  alba,  L.  rosea,  Lonicera  sem- 
pervirens  minor,  Lophospermum  scandens,  Man- 
devilla  suaveolens,  Manettia  bicolor,  Maurandia 
Barclayana,  Myrsiphyllum  asparagoides,  Passiflora 
of  sorts,  Plumbago  capensis,  P.  c.  alba,  Rhyn- 
chospemum  jasminoides,  Solanum  jasminoides, 
SoUya  heterophylla,  Swainsona  galegifolia,  Tac- 
sonia  of  sorts,  Tecoma  jasminoides,  and  Tropaolum 
of  sorts. 


BY    PLANTING    WATER    LILIES    NOW    A    GOOD    DISPLAY    OF    BLOOM    MAY    BE    ENJOYED    TILL    THE    AUTUMN. 


238 

THE  MOST   ATTRACTIVE   OF 
SUMMER-FLOWERING  BULBS 

There  is  still  time  to  plant  Gladioli  to 

provide  a   Succession    of  Flowers  from 

Early  August  to  Mid-October. 

IT  is  over  twenty  years  ago  since  I  first  became 
interested  in  the  Gladiolus.  It  was  the  year 
Mr.  Childs  issued  his  catalogue  with  two  large 
coloured  reproductions  of  Irises  and  Gladioli. 
I  purchased  a  collection  of  the  latter  and 
continued  to  grow  them  until  they  died  out  or 
were   discarded.     It    was    in    1906    that   the   late 


ONE   OF  THE  NEW   PRIMULINUS   HYBRIDS  : 
COLOUR,   RICH   SALMON    PINK. 

Mr.  Childs  introduced  America.  Since  then  many 
hybridists  in  Europe  and  America  have  been 
steadily  working  for  the  improvement  of  these 
beautiful  flowers.  Their  efforts  have  been  so 
successful  there  can  scarcely  be  any  comparison 
made  between  the  varieties  I  first  grew  and  the 
wonderfully  beautiful  large  flowered  varieties 
of  to-day.  Prince  of  Wales,  Loveliness,  Hubertus, 
Liebensfeuer  (Love's  Fire),  Rev.  Ewbank,  Incon- 
testable may  be  mentioned  among  those  which 
never  fail  to  please  wherever  grown. 

Then  there  is  the  new  class  of  Primulinus  hybrids, 
introduced  by  Wallace  (rgoS)  and  Kelway  (rgio) 
in  England,  Lemoine  in  France,  and  Kunderd 
11915)    in    America    as    well    as    by  "many    other 


THE     GARDEN. 

Continental  growers.  Of  the  varieties  in  this  class 
Alice  Tiplady,  Canonite,  Countess  Torby,  Canopus, 
Fire  Fly,  Fire  Queen,  Golden  Drop,  Golden  Girl, 
General  de  Wett,  Kitty  Grullemans,  Maculatus 
and  Maiden's  Blush  are  a  few  that  may  be  relied 
upon  to  give  satisfaction  to  those  trying  this  class 
for  the  first  time. 

Now  is  the  time  to  plant.  No  other  summer- 
flowering  bulbs  are  as  attractive  and  useful  for 
house  and  garden  decoration ;  their  perfect 
flowers  are  borne  on  tall,  graceful  spikes  often 
having  twenty  or  more  buds,  and  if  cut  and  placed 
in  water  when  the  lowermost  flower  opens  every 
bud  will  develop  into  a  perfect  flower,  often  cover- 
ing a  period  or  twelve  to  fourteen  days  before  the 
last  flower  is  gone. 

No  garden  these  days  should  be  considered 
complete  without  one  or  more  plantings  of  this 
queen  of  all  summer-flowering  bulbs.  They  are 
not  exacting  as  to  soil  and  culture.  They  will  grow 
and  bloom  under  the  most  unfavourable  conditions, 
yet,  like  everything  else  grown, 
they  do  best  in  good  soil, 
supplemented  with  care,  and 
mil  respond  wonderfully  to 
good  nourishment  and  cul- 
ture. Planting  every  ten  or 
twelve  days  from  now  to 
the  second  week  in  June  will ' 
give  a  succession  of  flowers 
from  the  end  of  July  to 
October.  If  you  have  the 
success  you  should  have  and 
the  blooms  are  at  their  best 
about  September  6  next,  bring 
them  up  to  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  meeting  on 
that  day  and  compete  for  the 
Foreraarke  Cup.  Smilax. 


[May  14,  1921. 

the  Ornithogalum  nutans,  mth  its  elegant  spike 
of  blossoms  glistening  with  a  silver  sheen  and 
emerald  stripe,  is  in  its  way  perhaps  even  more 
exquisite.  H.  H.  W. 


SOME    ACCIDENTAL 
GROUPINGS 

THE  grouping  of  plants  in  a  rock  garden 
or  in  odd  comers  often  proves  most 
effective  and  always  more  pleasing 
(when  a  success)  than  the  results  of 
design.  One  pretty  little  comer  has 
been  giving  us  pleasure  for  many  weeks  this  spring. 
Here  are  two  irregular,  now  weathered,  grey  rocks 
of  somewhat  upward  tendency.  Between  them, 
quite  filling  the  space,  is  a  Japanese  Azalea  of 
procumbent  form,  not   more  than  gins,  high  and 


Farewell  to  the 
Daffodils 

One  of  the  most  striking  flowers 
in  the  garden  at  The  Grove, 
Old  CattOD,  at  present,  is  Ane- 
mone nemorosa  Alleni.  It  has 
a  much  larger  flower  than  A. 
Robinsoniana,  and  the  blossoms 
are  a  rich  warm  mauve.  A 
group  of  Tulip  Orphaniden  also 
affords  a  striking  note  of 
colour,  the  blossoms  being  of 
a  curious  bronze  scarlet.  That 
wonderfully  veined  flower.  Iris 
Hoogiana,  is  blossoming  freely, 
together  with  the  curious 
chocolate  coloured  Charon 
growing  near  it.  Iberis  war- 
leyensis  gives  a  wealth  of  mauve 
pink  colouring,  though  not  so 
pleasmg  in  tint  as  the  Daphne 
Cneorum. 

Owing  to  the  early  season 
many  of  the  best  Daffodils  are 
over,  but  King  Alfred,  White 
Knight  and  Buttercup  are  still 
flowering  among  the  trumpets, 
and  Will  Scarlet,  with  its  large 
expanded  orange  cup,  and  the 
Poeticus  Kestrel  are  both 
looking  beautiful.  Among  the 
Darwin  Tulips  the  following  are  peihaps7the 
best:  Marconi,  a  rich  black  maroon ;  Moralis, 
a  deep  plum  colour ;  Frans  Halls,  a  rich 
crimson  plum ;  Remembrance,  heliotrope ; 
Inglescombe  Pink ;  Fanny,  an  apricot  pink ; 
Pink  Beauty,  carmine,  striped  white ;  and 
Quaintness,  an  orange  bronze.  But  glorious  as 
the  brilliant  flowers  are,  for  quiet  pearl-like  beauty 


I 


THE    PURE    YELLOW    DAFFODIL    BUTTERCUP    IS    ONE    OF 
THE    LAST    TO    FLOWER. 


covered  with  flowers  of  a  clear  but  soft  pink. 
Looking  over  from  behind  is  a  clump  of  Synthytis 
reniformis  with  half  a  dozen  spikes  of  softest 
lavender,  while  creeping  round  the  foreground 
is  a  little  mat  of  Aubrietia  argentea  variegata, 
rather  shyly,  almost  delicately,  furnished '  with 
'ilac  blossoms.  To  the  outer  margin  of  this  add 
a   dainty   tuft    of   an   elegant   littlejErythronium 


May  14,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


239 


with    Cyclameu-like   flowers    in   pale   mauve    and 
purple,  and  I  hope  the  reader  may  gather  something 
of  the  simple  charm  of  this  accidental  combination. 
A   rather    more    spacious    affair   is    the    broad, 
irregular  foreground  of  a  half-shaded  bed  which 
slopes  from  a  little  colony  of  various  shrubs  of 
the  Pieris  group  to  the  base  of  a  large  Alder  and 
the    water.     A    few    boulders,    moss-covered,    are 
partly     concealed     by     Omphalodes     verna     and 
Tiarella  cordifolia,  and  the  hazy  azure  of  Anchusa 
myosotidiflora  leads  down  the  slope  with  Anemone 
apennina   to   the   wonderful   blue   of    the   incom- 
parable   Omphalodes    cappadocia.     Flanking    the 
prevailing   blue  of   the  above  towards  the  margin 
is  a  patch  of  Aubrietia  Lavender  and  another  of 
Perry's  Blue.     Here  also  has  Cardamine  pratense 
fl.  pi.  (which  out  of  hundreds  of  seedlings  never 
throws   a  single)    colonised   itself  in   various   odd 
places,  and  whose  rosy  lilac  is  just  enough 
to  bring  into  the  "  colour  scheme  "  with- 
out too  great   an   abruptness  the  lovely 
blush  of  Primula  rosea.    The  last  men- 
tioned stands   a   little   apart   from"  the 
rest,    alone   adorning  a  tiny  promontory 
at   the   edge  of  the  rippling  stream. 

Another  little  patch  which  has  "  just 
growed "  is  not  so  full  of  colour,  yet 
strangely  attractive.  It  consists  of  no 
more  than  a  half-sunken,  moss-covered 
rock,  to  one  side  of  which  a  very  orderly 
cluster  of  Bruckenthalia  spicata  raises  its 
fuzzy  green,  now  bronzy  tipped.  Scattered 
thinly  about  are  many  of  the  quaintly 
pretty  blossoms  of  Anemone  trifoliata, 
the  soil  being  carpeted  with  the  glaucous 
green  of  Acaena  Buchanani.  Then,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  rock,  where  the 
bronzy  Acaena  inermis  has  spread  itself, 
there  is  a  colony  of  the  delightful 
Erythroniura  califomicum,  pale  yellow 
and  orange  and  sweetly  scented.  There 
are  other  things  to  follow  here  as 
elsewhere,  but,  as  it  stands,  there  is  a 
spring-like  quality  of  freshness  about 
that  modest  group  which  is  arresting. 

Mistakes  there  may  be,  of  course,  lots 
of  them,  in  these  chance  groupings.  It 
does  not  do  to  be  too  fastidious.  .And 
one  gets  used  to  things  which  at  first 
may  have  seemed  wrong.  A  colony  of 
Primula  Julias,  for  example,  cheek  by 
jowl  with  Azalea  amcena,  with  a  bold 
rush  of  Aubrietia  Peter  Barr  near  enough 
to  be  one  of  the  company,  sounds  a 
trifle  heavy.  But  in  most  of  these  cases 
one  always  has  the  saving  grace  of  green 
to  ameliorate  contending  or  ultra-bold 
colouring. 

Azalea  Hinodegirii  is  a  ruthless  crim- 
son when  it  is  in  full  blast,  and  when 
thinking  over  how  it  might  be 
subdued  and  rendered  less  opulent  and 
splendid  for  the  humble  garden  I  came  across  it 
occupying  a  ledge,  while  all  abput,  around  and 
below,  were  redundant  masses  of  Helichrysum 
bellidioides.  The  hoary  softness  of  this  plant, 
with  its  suggestion  of  dull  purple,  together  with 
the  lichened  rocks  which  made  the  background, 
seemed  to  conquer  the  blazing  audacity  of  the 
Azalea. 

There  is  one  more  "  effect  "  to  which  I  always 
look  forward,  a  mere  tangle  at  a  bend  of  a  wood- 
land path.  Description  it  will  hardly  bear.  Suffice 
it  to  say  that  the  principal  figures  in  the  piece 
are  native  Ferns,  Borago  laxiflora,  Saxifraga 
cunifolia  on  the  moss  of  path  and  boulder,  arching 
branchlets  of  Cotoneaster  congesta,  soon  to  support 
the  clinging  flower  trusses  of  Arenaria  mon- 
tana,  wild  Woodruff  and  a  few  tufts  of  Welsh 
Poppy.  A.  T.  Johnson. 


THE  DEVELOPMENT 
OF  THE  IRIS 

Has   the   Double   Flower   Come 
to   Stay? 


A 


RE  there,  among  readers  of  The 
Garden,  many  wooers  of  the  more  coy 
Irises  ?  If  so,  they  are  not  few  who 
regret  the  infrequency  of  reference  to 
those  incomparable  blooms,  to  the 
experiences  of  those  who  woo,  to  the  triumphs 
of  such  as  win.  The  literary  neglect  of 
Oncocyclus  and  Regelia  distresses  me,  and  in 
this    state,    although    my   contact    nith   horticul- 


the  relatively  unfastidious  Susiana  has  kept  me 
on  tenterhooks.  Day  after  day  the  buds  main- 
tained their  smug  torpedo  form,  swelling  imper- 
ceptibly, reluctant,  as  it  seemed,  to  open  to  the 
caress  of  our  unardent  northern  sun.  But 
yesterday  two  had  burst  forth  fully.  At  this 
sudden  beauty  who  had  not  stood  stunned  ? 
Out  of  the  long,  lean  torpedo  buds  had  leapt 
since  dawn  these  spread  wings  of  silver,  purple 
veined,  these  sabled  falls,  each  blossom  a  grown 
hand's  width  across.  I  do  not  like  to  hear  of 
Susiana  as  the  Mourning  Iris.  Reverie  rather 
than  sorrow  does  she  induce.  She  is  the  grey 
lady,  the  lady  of  dreams. 

To-day  another  strange  thing  has  happened, 
and  I  knowjiot  whether  to  be  shocked  or  jubilant. 
Perhaps  a  more  experienced  Iris-lover  can  give 
me  light.  Hecate,  a  so-called  Oncocyclus  wherein, 
methinks,  Regelian  influence  is  visible, 
has  just  borne  a  monstrous  twin- 
blossom  from  a  single  bud.  There 
are  six  distinct  standards,  and  six 
falls,  and — here  is  the  oddest  thing  of 
all — one  of  these  latter,  evidently 
unable  to  be  certain  whether  it  should 
be  fall  or  standard,  takes  the  standard's 
upright^^attitude,  but,  hesitating  still, 
effects'  a  compromise  by  taking  on  th« 
coloration  of  both,  so  that  one  half  of 
it  is  rosy-purple,  while  the  other  is  the 
orthodox  brown-veined  cream  of  all 
the  ovher  falls.  'Now,  who  will  tell 
me  whac  this  means  ?  Am  I  to  rejoice 
at  the  advent  of  a  double  Iris,  or 
should  I  deplore  a  vulgar  prank,  a 
freak,  an  undesirable  monstrosity  ? 
Anyway,  the  plant  shall^be  photo- 
graphed, so  that  all  interested 'may  see 
at  least  the  form  of  this  (to  me)  strange 


thing. 


M.  Gibson. 


The 


Size    of 
Trees 


Yew 


A  TWIN    FLOWER  OF  IRIS  HECATE,  HAVING  SIX  STANDARDS 
AND   SIX  FALLS; 


turists    is    limited,    I    know    myself    to    be    not 
singular. 

Surely  in  these  days  of  renascent  wonder  and 
delight  in  the  cult  of  flowers,  there  shall  arise 
a  new  champion  of  rare  Irises  !  Silent  now  and 
for  ever  are  Ewbank  and  Foster ;  Mr.  Eden 
Philpotts,  his  tribute  permanently  recorded  in 
the  most  delightful  chapters  of  a  delightful  book, 
is  no  more  the  journalist  of  iridiculture ;  and  on 
no  Elishas  have  the  mantles  of  these  Elijahs 
fallen. 

One  feels  the  more  astonished  at  the  fact  when 
one  has  just  been  privileged  to  see  the  exquisite 
perfection  of  some  few  Cushion  Iris  blooms. 
Half  fearful  of  overnight  disaster,  half  tremulous 
with  anticipatory  joy,  I  go  a-tiptoe  these  mornings 
to  the  little  greenhouse  that  fills  a  sunny  angle 
of  my  home.     For  weeks  a  row  of  pots  containing 


In  the  correspondence  about  the  size 
of  Yew  trees  Mr.  H.  H.  Warner  does 
not  catalogue  the  one  in  the  church- 
yard here.  It  is  24ft.  in  circumference ; 
it  is  surrounded  by  a  stone  seat,  which 
it  is  now  pressing  out.  The  centre 
trunk  has "  died  at  the  top,  but  there 
seems  to  be  plenty  of  new  life  making 
itself  felt,  as  from  the  trunk  round  the 
top  of  the  seat  many  fibrous  roots  are 
growing.  ;  I  should  also  like  to  add,  in 
the  same  churchyard  there  is  a  magni- 
ficent Italian  Cypress  (Cupressus  sem- 
pervirens)  which  reaches  to  within  ift. 
of  the  top  of  the  battlement  of  the  tower 
and  so  is  45ft.  high.  I  J.  W.  R.  Brocklebank. 
Loiigbridge    Devcrill    Vicarage,    Warminster. 


In  reply  to  the  enquiry  in  The  Garden  by 
"  R.G.,"  on  April  2,  relative  to  the  size  of  Yew 
trees  in  Scotland,  Dr.  John  Lowe  in  his  work  on 
"  Yew  Trees  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,"  gives 
the  following'"measurements  of  their  girths'^takeu 
from  ift.  to  2ft.  from  the  ground.  Those  in  Loudon 
Castle,  about  which  "  R.  G."  particularly  enquires 
are  mentioned.  Ellon  Castle,  Aberdeen,  four  trees, 
13ft.,  12ft.,  lift.,  loft.  ;  Pitmidden,  Aberdeen, 
two  trees,  14ft.,  13ft.  gins.  ;  Loudon  Castle,  Ayr- 
shire, two  trees,  13ft.  Sins.,  lift.  7ins.  ;  Dryburgh, 
Berwick,  one  tree,  14ft.  3ins.  ;  Bonhill,  Dumbarton, 
two  trees,  12ft.  "ins.,  iift.  ains.  ;  Rossdhu,  Luss, 
one  tree,  14ft.  sins.  ;  Inch  Lonaig,  Dumbarton, 
four  trees,  12ft.  /ins.,  13ft.  3ins.,  13ft.,  loft.  7ins.  ; 


240 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  14,  192 1 


Roseneath,  Dumbarton,  one  tree,  15ft.  ;  Forgan 
St.  Andrews,  Fife,  one  tree,  12ft.  ;  Kirton  of 
Forgan,  Fife,  one  tree,  14ft.  ;  Glamis  Castle, 
Forfar,  one  tree,  loft.  sins.  ;  Ormiston  Hall, 
Haddington,  one  tree,  15ft.  ;  Whittinghame, 
Haddington,  three  trees.  12ft.,  iift.  4ins.,  lift.  ; 
Yester,  one  tree,  loft.  4ins.  ;  Glenmorriston,  Fort 
Augustus.  Inverness,  one  tree,  14ft.  ;  Old  Castle, 
Kincardine,  one  tree,  13ft.  6ins.  ;  Cleish  Castle, 
Kinross,  one  tree,  12ft. ;  Craignethan  Castle, 
Lanark,  one  tree,  loft.  jins. ;  Rosslyn,  Mid- 
lothian, one  tree,  loft.  sins.  ;  Abercurny,  Perth, 
one  tree,  loft.  yins. ;  Lawers,  Perth,  two  trees, 
14ft.  zins.,  loft.  4ins.  ;  Fortingal,  Perth,  one 
tree,  56ft.  ;  Parkhill,  Perth,  one  tree,  14ft. 
5ins.  ;  Dargavel,  Renfrew,  one  tree,  git.  4ins. ; 
Craigends,  Renfrew,  one  tree,  21ft.  ;  Ferniehurst 
Castle,  Rosburgh,  one  tree,  loft.  7ins.  ;  Balli- 
kinrain,  Stirling,  one  tree,  lift.  sins.  ;  Bantaskine, 
Stirling,  one  tree.  iift.  ;  Callandu  Park,  Stirling,  one 
tree,  lift.  ;  Argomery,  Stirling,  one  tree,  15ft.  6ins. 
The  celebrated  Fortingal  Yew  is  undoubtedly  the 
most  astounding  tree  which  Scotland  has  produced. 
Pennant  measured  it  and  he  gave  the  girth  as 
56ft.  in  the  year  1769.  It  was  also  described  by 
the  Hon.  Davies  Harrington.  De  Candolle,  who 
measured  it  in  1831,  assumed  it  to  have  reached  the 
age  of  2,500  years!  Patrick  Neil  in  1833  writes  of 
"  what  exists  of  the  trunk."  Sir  R.  Christison 
states  that  "  from  the  remains  it  is  not  easy  to 
satisfy  oneself  that  they  belong  to  what  was  one 
tree  only."  Dr.  Lowe  himself  regards  it  as  a  com- 
pound tree,  formed  by  rings  of  younger  growth  or 
by  the  coalescence  of  distinct  stems  rising  from 
the  base.  On  visiting  the  tree  in  1887,  after 
sixty-six  years,  he  found  that  the  circle  had 
diminished  in  size  since  he  first  saw  it.  Assuming 
that  the  girth  of  the  great  trunk  was  52ft.,  the 
measurement  recorded  by  Harrington  for  the 
year  1769,  which  gives  a  diameter  of  say  17ft.  or 
a  little  over,  if  the  increase  of  growth  be  reckoned 
at  ift.  diameter  in  seventy-five  years,  the  tree 
would  be  1,300  years  old.  It  seems  unlikely  that 
the  diameter  in  a  tree  of  this  character  would  give 
a  true  idea  of  its  age.  How  many  centuries  elapsed 
since  the  coalescing  stems  grew  up  round  the  old. 
decayed  trunk  ?  It  would  be  of  the  greatest  interest 
to  know  if  any  remains  still  exist  of  a  tree  that 
appears  to  have  been  the  largest,  and  which,  if 
still  living,  is  probably  the  most  ancient  in  the 
British  Isles.  What  a  potent  germ  of  life  that  small 
seed  must  have  contained  from  which  the  mighty 
tree  sprung !  The  dimensions  and  duration  of  this 
Yew  tree  appear  fabulous.  If  it  ever  reached  the 
circumference  of  56ft.  it  was  nearly  twice  the  size 
of  the  Hambledon  Yew  (30ft.  gins.),  which  I 
measured  recently.  H.  H.  Warner. 


SUCCESS  IN    POTTING 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS 

THE  majority  of  the  young  plants  intended 
for  exhibition  purposes  will  require 
potting  now,  some  for  the  first  time 
and  many  for  the  second.  Inexperienced 
cultivators,  who,  however,  wish  to  excel 
in  the_  production  of  high-quality  blooms,  in  many 
cases  think  that  there  is  some  great  secret  in  the 
mixing  of  the  composts. 

The  secret  of  success  as  regards  this  phase  of  the 
cultivation  of  the  plants  may  be  found  in  the  use 
of  a  simple  mixture  of  good,  sweet  ingredients 
and  not  in  a  fancy  mixture.  Sound  fibrous  loam, 
two  parts ;  sweet,  half-decayed  leal  soil,  one 
part ;  rotted  manure  and  coarse  sand,  one  part. 
To  a  bushel  of  the  above  combined  parts  add  a 


6-inch  potful  of  wood  ashes  and  a  single  handful 
of  bone  meal.  First  spread  out  thinly  the  fibrous 
loam,  then  sprinkle  the  sand  on  it  and  add  the 
other  ingredients ;  turn  over  the  heap  several 
times  and  the  compost  will  be  ready  for  use. 

The  pots  must  be  quite  clean  and  dry,  especially 
inside;  also  the  crocks.  If  any  of  the  plants  are 
rather  dry,  water  them  several  hours  before  the 
work  of  potting  is  to  commence.  Crock,  the  pots 
carefully  ;  it  is  the  neat  way  in  which  the  pot- 
sherds are  placed  and  not  the  number  of  them 
that  ensures  efficient  drainage. 

At  this  early  stage  of  the  plant's  growth  very 
firm  potting  is  not  necessary,  but  the  compost 
must  be  carefully  pressed  down  and  if  there  is 
not  free  play  for  the  fingers  between  the  ball  of 
soil  and  the  side  of  the  pot,  use  a  large  wooden 
label  or  a  similar  piece  of  wood.  Leave  ample 
space  at  the  top  of  the  soil  so  that  water  may  be 
easily  applied.  The  potting  compost  should  be  in 
a  medium  state  of  moisture,  then  the  work  can 
be  well  done  and  there  will  not  be  any  need  to 
water  till  two  or  three  days  after  the  potting, 
but  if  there  is  bright  sunshine,  a  gentle  syringing 
in  the  forenoon  will  freshen  the  plants. 


Comparatively  cool  treatment  is  the  best  now 
and  onwards,  that  is  greenhouse  followed  by  frame 
treatment.  Place  the  plants  on  shelves  rather 
near  to  the  roof  glass,  but  avoid  overcrowding. 
Careful  watering  and  ventilation,  with  ample 
room  for  the  plants  to  grow  in  will  help,  mainly,  in 
the  retention  of  the  basal  leaves,  which  is  such 
a  desirable  condition.  All  young  plants  needing 
support  should  have  a  small,  neat  stake  placed  to 
them  forthwith  to  prevent  any  accidental  breakage. 

The  work  of  stopping  certain  varieties  so  as  to 
ensure  the  appearance  of  the  best  buds  just  at 
the  right  time,  in  August,  I  hope  to  deal  with 
later  on.  Rust,  which  is,  I  am  afraid,  rather 
troublesome  on  young  plants  this  season,  resembles 
iron  rust  and  may  be  found  in  patches  on  the  under- 
sides of  the  leaves.  Procure  some  mona  sulphide 
(sulphide  of  potassium),  it  is  blue-grey  in  colour 
and  hard,  resembling  a  piece  of  rock.  A  quarter 
of  an  ounce  dissolved  in  half  a  gallon  of  rain- 
water will  make  a  safe  dipping  solution.  Dip  the 
plants  in  the  solution  several  times  in  one  week. 
Retain  the  solution  airtight  in  an  earthenware]  or 
glass  receptacle  and  the  unused  rock  sulphide  also 
in  a  corked  bottle  and  duly  labelled.  G.  Garner 


TOO     MUCH    ALIKE    VARIETIES 

A    Comparison   in   Early -Flowering    Yellow    Tulips 


1HOPE  a  year  will  never  pass  away  without 
my  having  a  trial  of  something  or  another 
either  in  the  greenhouse,  or  in  the  garden, 
or  in  both.  Even  allowing  trials  to  be  a 
bene-esse,  it  by  no  means  follows  that  they 
must  be  all  of  one  type.  Individuality  and 
opportunity  have  full  play  in  their  selection.     A 


is  just  intended  to  show  that  the  choice  of  subjects 
for  trials  is  a  wide  one,  and  that  that  of  early 
flowering  yellow  Tulips  is  but  one  of  the  innumer- 
able fish  who  live  in  the  unknown  sea. 

The  varieties  of  which  1  am  about  to  write  were 
as  follows  :  Yellow  Prince,  Chrysolora,  Prince  de 
Ligny,    Yellow    Pottebakker,    Rising   Sun,    Hilde- 


PLANTED   AT    CLOSE    QUARTERS    TO     MAKE     SURE     OF    THEIR     RESEMBLANCES     AND 

DIFFERENCES. 


collection  of  Berbeiis  such  as  we  find  at  AUlenham 
is  one  form  of  trial,  and  such  a  Rose  garden  as 
that  of  Mr.  H.  R.  Darlington  is  another ;  and 
from  these  and  other  even  more  Baconianly 
magnificent  efforts  at  one  end  of  the  scale,  there 
are  gradations  innumerable  until  we  come  to  the 
trial  of  a  single  small  plant,  such  as  I  am  just  now 
starting,  thanks  to  the  kindness  of  an  unknown 
and  yet  well  known  French  friend  (M.  Thibault 
of  Nogent-Ie  Rotrou).  who  has  just  sent  me  a 
little  pad  of  Mentha  Requieni — "  a  minute  creeping 
herb  " — saN-ing  that  he  uses  it  himself  to  carpet 
the  pots  wherein  he  grows  some  of  his  more  delicate 
Narcissi.     This    somewhat    lengthy    introduction 


brand,  Golden  Queen,  Ophir  d'Or,  King  of  the 
Yellows,  Mon  Treson,  Yellow  Queen,  Mr.  Burger, 
Buttercup,  Goldfinch,  Jaune  Supreme,  Cal>-pso, 
and  four  seedlings,  which  so  far  have  never  left 
Whitewell  and  which  go  by  the  garden  names  of 
Canary  Queen,  Golden  Beauty,  Golden  Gem  and 
Cream  Beauty.  The  whole  collection  was  planted 
in  one  bed,  30yds.  long  by  4ft.  wide,  so  as  to  get 
as  nearly  as  possible  the  same  conditions  for  each. 
The  results  have  been  both  interesting  and  sur- 
prising. As  it  is  a  very  ill  wind  that  blows  nobody 
any  good  it  has  been  exceedingly  *ortmiate  that 
we  had  that  polar-tropical  week  ivliich  began 
on   April  9.     It  made  a  splendid  test  of  endurance 


May  14,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


241 


Sunshine,  heat,  frost,  snow  and  hail  all  took  a 
star  turn  during  those  few  days  at  worrying  the 
poor  Tulips.  The  lucky  ones,  whose  flowering 
season  comes  rather  later  than  the  others,  came 
out  of  the  ordeal  best.  These  were  the  four 
seedlings  mentioned  above  and  Hildebrand. 
Rising  Sun  and  Jaune  Supreme.  Of  the  otlers 
I  have  little  hesitation  in  placing  Prince  de  Ligny 
at  the  top.  It  was  really  wonderful  how  it  braved 
the  elements.  I  put  it  down  to  the  pointed  shape 
of  its  flowers  and  its  good  stem.  I  liked  it,  too, 
because  of  its  habit  as  it  has  quite  a  decent  length 
of  stem,  which  is  an  asset  not  common  to  them  all. 
Mon  Treson  I  place  next.  Then  I  think  probably 
King  of  the  Yellows,  but  the  slugs  made  an  all 
too  successful  inroad  on  the  patch  and  there  were 
only  two  or  three  blooms  to  judge  by.  Ophir  d'Or 
was  the  deepest  yellow.  It  astonished  me  very 
much  to  find  how  nearly  alike  all  the  varieties  were 
in  their  colour.  In  bright  sunlight  it  was  difficult 
to  see  much  difference  between  any  of  them  except 
my  own  four  and  Calypso  and  Yellow  Queen. 
These  two  last  were  very  much  alike  and  might 
have  been  own  brothers  to  the  very  pale  Hermann 
Schlegel.  I  did  not  care  for  them  at  all.  Of  those 
that  came  to  perfection  later  Bird  of  Paradise 
and  Hildebrand  were  distinctly  good.  The  first 
named  is  a  very  shapely  flower  and  of  a  deeper 
shade  than  any  other  variety  except  Ophir  d'Or. 
The  other — Hildebrand — is  a  big,  solid-looking 
bloom  in  which  the  outer  segments  incurve  on 
their  edges  after  the  manner  of  Euterpe  among  the 
Darwins.  Mr.  Burger  and  Buttercup  did  not 
do  themselves  justice,  partly,  I  fear,  because  of  the 
attacks  of  slugs,  but  I  do  not  think  I  would  ever 
put  them  before  Hildebrand  and  Bird  of  Paradise. 
Jaune  Supreme  is  distinct,  inasmuch  as  it  has  a 
very  long-shaped  flower  and  is  slightly  paler  in 
colour. 


My  first  great  surprise,  as  has  already  been  said, 
was  to  find  how  much  alike  all  the  varieties  were 
in  their  colour.  It  was  only  on  dull  days  and  when 
they  were  getting  quite  old  that  the  differences — 
such  as  they  were — became  plain.  My  second 
great  surprise  w-as  to  find  that  my  four  seedlings 
were  considerably  paler  than  the  others,  and  also 
that  they  were  later  to  come  into  bloom.  Cream 
Beauty  comes  very  near  Moonlight.  Golden 
Beauty  has  rather  a  pointed  flower  and  did 
splendidly,  and  for  the  time,  at  any  rate,  has 
dethroned  Canary  Queen,  which  I  have  hitherto 
looked  upon  as  the  pick  of  the  bunch.  It  can  be 
lovely  indeed  with  the  deep  lemon  edge  to  its 
canary  coloured  petals.  I  must  not,  however, 
go  on  writing  about  this  last  little  group.  They 
were  only  intended  to  be  mentioned  to  show  how 
necessary  it  always  is  to  compare  flowers  with 
one  another  at  close  quarters  in  order  to 
make  sure  of  their  resemblances  and  their 
differences.  Joseph  Jacob' 


Did  the   Doctor  Overdose 
His  Tulips  ? 

Or  are  Tulips  less  robust  this  year  by  reason 
of  an  Early  Season  and  a  Bad  Ripening 
Period   during  last  Summer  and  Autumn? 

'TwAS  May-day  when  I  called  at  The  Grove, 
Old  Catton,  Norwich,  at  the  invitation  of  Dr. 
Cecil  Osburne,  to  have  a  walk  round  his  garden, 
and  especially  to  see  the  Tulips.  There  were 
Darwin,  Cottage,  May-flowering  and  Parrot,  all 
thoroughly    well     represented,     hundreds     upon 


hundreds  of  them.  What  a  galaxy  of  colour  and 
a  variation  of  form  ! 

But  what  struck  me  rather  forcibly  was  why 
many  of  those  varieties  which  should  be  tall  and 
stately  had  become  dwarfed,  as  it  were,  and  if 
the  early  season  was  the  cause,  or,  let  me 
whisper  it,  had  a  dressing  of  basic  slag  given  at 
the  time  of  planting  by  the  doctor's  instructions 
been  for  "  good  or  evil." 

Some  Narcissi  and  Daffodils  adjacent  to  the 
Tulips  received  a  dressing  of  bone-meal  at  the 
same  time.  There  was  striking  evidence  in  that 
case  that  the  dressing  had  done  good.  What 
has  our  learned  bulbist  the  Rev.  J.  Jacob  to  say  ? 

I  saw  a  bloom  of  the  dainty  variety  saxatilis, 
the  one  and  only  out  of  a  batch  of  twelve  bulbs. 
The  doctor  was  proud  of  it,  and  seemed  satisfied 
with  only  one,  having  had  all  failures  in  other 
years.  H.  Perry. 


Useful    for     Table     Decoration 

The  curiously  recurved  flowers  of  Tulipa  retroflexa 
give  to  this  plant  a  peculiar  charm  and  make  it 
quite  distinct  from  all  other  garden  Tulips.  The 
origin  of  T.  retroflexa  appears  a  little  doubtful, 
although  it  is  generally  believed  to  be  a  garden 
hybrid  between  the  Turkish  Tulip,  T.  acuminata, 
and  T.  Gesneriana,  the  latter  parent,  according 
to  Baker,  being  the  original  stock  of  most  of  the 
late-flowering  Tulips.  Whatever  the  origin  of 
T.  retroflexa  may  be.  it  is  unquestionably  a 
beautiful  subject,  worthy  of  extended  planting 
in  the  open,  and  of  great  value  for  cut  flowers 
and  table  decoration  in  the  spring.  It  is  quite 
easily  grown,  and  produces  its  soft  yellow  flowers 
in  earlv  Mav.  H.  C. 


THE   MAHOGANY-COLOURED   DO.'VI   PEDRO. 


THE   RECURVED   BLOO.VIS   OF   TULIPA    RETROFLEX.\. 


242 


THE    GARDEN. 


[May  14,  1921. 


G  OiRiR  E  S  P  O  N  DfENiC  E 


AN    EARLY    SPRING    FLOWER. 

TJACQUETIA  EPIPACTIS  mentioned  by  Mr. 
,^rtf  Elwes  in  his  charming  article  on  "  My  Spring 
Flowers  "  (page  188),  is  not  much  grown,  probably 
because  it  has  not  much  brilliancy.  It  is,  however, 
a  most  attractive  little  flower,  whose  earliness  is  a 
great  point  in  its  favour.  Its  character  was  well 
summed  up  by  the  late  Mr.  Reginald  Farrer,  who 
characterised  it  as  "  a  pretty  little  curiosity, 
suggestive  of  a  wee  glossy-leaved  Astranti-a,  some 
zins.  or  'sins,  high,  with  many- 
rayed  heads  of  minute  golden 
flowers  enclosed  in  a  frill  of  clear 
green  leaves."  Mr.  Farrer  added 
what  seems  an  excellent  idea  for 
planting,  by  saying  that  it  "  has 
its  special  place  among  the  spring 
Anemones  with  whom  it  blooms." 
I  have  never  tried  it  associated 
with  these  Anemones,  but  the 
suggestion  is  one  I  hope  to 
take  advantage  of  some  day. — • 
S.  Arnott. 

ELEVEN  BLOOMS    FROM    A 

SINGLE    BULB. 

TN  a  bed  of  a  hundred  mother 
bulbs  of  Narcissus  Cervantes  in 
my  garden  in  Midlothian,  one  bulb 
showed  eleven  blooms,  several 
nine,  and  six  and  seven  blooms 
on  one  bulb  were  quite  common. 
No  bulb  had  less  than  six  flowers. 
— S.  C. 

FLOWERING    PLANTS    FOR 

BOWLS. 

nPHERE  have  been  several  inter- 
esting articles  in  The  Garden 
lately  on  the  subject  of  flowers 
for  the  house  and  table  decoration. 
I  wonder  if  any  of  your  readers 
have  tried  „  lifting  a  good  root  of 
Forget-me-not  just  coming  into 
flower  and  putting  it,  mould  and 
all,  into  a  bowl  with  a  little  water 
in  the  bottom.  The  flowers  come 
out  rapidly,  and  in  a  very  few 
days  it  is  quite  beautiful.  I  have 
a  shallow  black  bowl  now  on  the 
table  before  me  filled  with  a  root  of 
Forget-me-not  which  is  one  mass 
of  blossom.  I  have  tried  Primroses 
in  the  same  way  and  they  also  look 
charming.  In  the  early  spring  when 
flowers  are  scarce  it  is  worth  trying. 
—A.  F.,  Hereford. 

THE  ORIGIN  OF  THE 

LOGANBERRY. 

nPHIS    matter  was    discussed    in 
your  paper    some    time   ago, 


twice  the  size  of  the  Loganberry,  being  very  often 
2iins,  long  by  liins.  in  breadth.  Its  habit  is 
semi-climbing  with  undergrown  runners.  When 
eaten  raw  it  has  not  a  very  great  merit,  being 
rather  dry  and  seedy ;  but  when  cooked  it  is 
said  to  be  very  good,  the  flavour  resembling  the 
Loganberry.  Mr.  Popenoe  thinks  it  would  not 
be  hardy  in  most  parts  of  America,  and  therefore 
probably  not  in  this  country ;  it,  however,  may 
be  of  value  to  the  plant  breeder.  The  object  of 
this    note  is   to  clear  away   a  possible   theory  of 


THE   MOTHER  BULB   OF   CERVANTES   SHOWING   ELEVEN   BLOOMS 


some 

and  I  then  sent  a  note  from  a  traveller  who 
stated  that  she  had  eaten  Loganberries  in 
Colmpbia,  where  they  grew  wild  This  rather 
surprising  statement  has  some  light  thrown  upon 
it  by  a  recent  article  in  the  "  American  Journal 
of  Heredity."  In  the  June  number,  1920,  Mr. 
Wilson  Popenoe  describes  and  figures  an  enormous 
Berry,  which  grows  near  Bogota,  and  is  named 
the  Columbia  Berry,  the  Latin  name  being  possibly 
Rubus  roseus.  This  grows  high  up  in  the  moun- 
tains, being  found  between  8,oooft.  and  10,000ft. 
in  a  cold,  rather  moist  climate.     The  fruit  is  quite 


the   origin   of   the   Loganberry   which   the   writer 
suggested,  and  which  is  now  plainly  untenable, — 

E.    A.     BUNVARD. 

THE    ROSEBUD      CHERRY     OF     JAPAN 
(PRUNUS    PENDULA). 

TN  your  issue  of  April  23  (page  206),  the  tree 
depicted  in  the  illustration  is  the  Weepuig 
Gean,  Prunus  Avium  var.  pendula,  and  not  Prunus 
pendula,  the  Rosebud  Cherry  of  Japan.  As  a 
specific  name  the  use  of  "  pendula"  by  Maximo- 
wicz  is  unfortunate,  it  being  the  most  useful  and 


generally  adopted  varietal  name  for  trees  of  weeping 
habit.  As  however  Mr.  E.  H.  Wilson  in  "  The 
Cherries  of  Japan"  conclusively  shows,  Prunus 
pendula.  Max.  is  a  variety  of  P.  subhirtella,  the 
name  Prunus  subhirtella  var.  pendula,  Tanaka 
should  be  adopted  in  gardens  for  the  Rosebud 
Cherry  or  Weeping  Spring  Cherry  of  Japan.  Mr. 
Wilson  states  that  "The  Weeping  or  pendulous 
Japanese  Cherry  is  nowhere  known  in  a  wild  state 
but  is  to  be  found  in  the  courtyards,  and  ground  of 
temples,  and  old  castles  and  in  the  cemeteries  all 
over  Japan,  except  in  the  more  northern  districts." 
The  Rosebud  Cherry  is  only  seen  in  good  condition 
and  is  then  a  delightfully  elegant  tree  in  sheltered 
or  generally  favourable  positions, 
being  a  rather  tender  and  less 
robust  subject  than  the  attractive 
Weeping  Gean.— A.  O. 

A     CHOICE  ROCK    GARDEN 

PLANT. 

T  AM  pleased  to  see  that  Poly- 
gala  VayredsB  continues  to 
maintain  its  existence  in  this 
country,  although  a  native  of 
Spain.  I  first  observed  it  in  1905, 
and  have  seen  it  several  times 
since  then.  It  was  shown  at  a 
recent  meeting  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society.  It  is  essen- 
tially a  plant  for  the  rock  garden, 
growing  only  a  few  inches  high, 
and  resembling  P.  Chamaebuxus 
very  closely  in  habit ;  but  the 
evergreen  leaves  are  linear,  not 
shaped  like  those  of  the  Box,  and 
its  flowers  are  pale  purple.  Little 
space  is  required  for  it,  and  it 
seems  quite  happy  when  planted 
at  the  foot  of  a  boulder  or  large 
stone,  fully  exposed  to  sunshine. 
The  stone  would  serve  to  keep 
the  soil  cool  in  summer,  and 
fairly  dry  in  winter  by  throwing 
off  the  rainfall  to  a  great  extent. 
The  past  few  winters,  it  is  true, 
have  not  been  severe,  but  if  frost 
is  not  of  long  duration  the  roots 
do  not  get  injured  in  fairly  dry 
soil.  Evergreen  plants  suffer  first 
when  the  supply  of  moisture  gets 
cut   off    by  the    freezing    of    the 

soil.  —  HORTULANUS. 

AN    EXCELLENT    SUBJECT 

FOR   THE  ROCK   GARDEN. 

A  LTHOUGH  originally  intro- 
duced in  1775,  Ranunculus 
montanus  is  not  so  frequently 
met  with  in  private  gardens  as 
one  might  expect,  considering  its 
dwarf,  neat  habit  and  the  bright 
golden  yellow  of  its  flowers. 
The  rootstock,  or  underground 
portion,  branches  freely,  but  re- 
mains compact.  This  makes  it  easy  to  propagate, 
while  it  never  assumes  a  running  habit.  It  is  an 
excellent  subject  for  the  rock  garden,  if  a  moist 
or  cool  situation  is  selected  for  it.  In  this  country 
it  blooms  more  or  less  from  April  to  July,  but  in 
France  it  continues  till  August  on  the  mountains. 
It  is  essentially  a  mountain  plant,  spreading  about 
in  the  woods  and  among  the  grass.  When  it 
occurs  on  the  margins  of  stieams  it  gets  carried 
down  to  the  valleys  in  the  form  of  seeds,  and 
thereafter  appears  on  the  margins  of  those  streams 
or  rivers,  but  never  far  from  their  banks.     In  the 


May  14,  192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


243 


wild  state  it  varies  from  2§ins.  to  6ins.  in  height, 
carrjang  one  or  sometimes  two  large  flowers. 
Judging  from  its  wide  distribution,  the  species 
should  prove  easy  of  cultivation  under  a  variety 
of  treatment  and  in  various  soils,  provided  the 
moist  condition  of  the  situation  is  kept  in  mind. 
In  Europe  it  extends  from  the  Pyrenees  and  the 
Alps  to  Greece.  Beyond  this  it  extends  to 
Westcnj  -Asia  and  North  .Africa.  Its  earllness 
should  recommend  it  to  all  who  take  delight  in 
rock  gardening. — H. 

MINIATURE  POPPIES    FOR  THE  ROCK 
GARDEN. 

T  VV.-^S  glad  to  read  (page  r93)  Mr.  Arnott's 
recommendations  under  the  above  heading, 
for  the  miniature  Poppies  he  refers  to  are  irresist- 
ably  charming  subjects  for  the  rock  garden.  Here 
most  kinds  grow  freely  and  seed  profusely  along 
the  hard,  gravelly  soil  at  the  edges  of  the  paths. 
Though  not  true  Poppies,  I  would  like  to  suggest 
in  addition  to  those  mentioned  by  Mr.  Arnott, 
Eschscholzia  tenuifolia  and  E.  csspitosa.  These 
make  little  tufty,  erect-growing  plants  of  6ins. 
or  less,  their  finely  cut,  glaucous  foliage  being 
surmounted  by  golden  yellow  flowers  all  summer 
and  autumn.  These  blooms  are  about  the  size 
of  a  shilling  ;  they  open  flat  like  a  Buttercup  and 
are  held  upright.  Those  of  E.  caespitosa  are 
rather  more  golden  than  the  pale  primrose  colour 
of  the  other,  and  I  think  the  former  the  more 
pleasing.  When  a  bee  alights  on  one  of  these 
blooms  both  flower  and  insect  are  borne  over  to 
the  ground.  But  no  sooner  has  the  bee  "  let  go  " 
than  the  flower  springs  back  to  the  perpendicular 
as  if  its  stem  were  made  of  steel.  A  small  packet 
of  seed  scattered  at  random  about  sunny  spots 
will  yield  a  number  of  plants,  and  many  of  these 
like  the  Califomian  Poppy  itself,  will  be  perennial 
in  a  light  soil.  But  the  two  dwarf  species  men- 
tioned do  not  trouble  by  seeding  as  the  common 
plant  is  liable  to  do — not  with  me  at  any  rate. — 
J.,  North  Wales. 

GENISTA   ANXANTICA. 

T  JNDER  this  name  (if  I  have  the  spelling  right  !) 
I  secured  a  little  shrub  a  few  years  ago  which 
has  been  a  great  delight  every  summer.  In  many 
respects  it  resembles  Cytisus  purgans,  the  closely- 
set,  leafless  twigs  of  a  greyish-green  being  held  stiffly 
upright.  But  it  differs  from  the  humble  parent 
of  the  lovely  May-flowering  Broom  in  having  rather 
larger  flowers,  more  of  them  and  a  powerful,  yet 
most  delicious  fragrance.  At  times  this  little 
charmer  will  fill  the  garden  with  its  fresh,  wild 
flower  scent,  yet  it  is  not  much  more  than  a  foot 
in  diameter  each  way  and  was  by  chance  "  stuck 
in  "  on  the  top  of  a  retaining  wall  adjoining  the 
south  side  of  the  house,  a  place  so  dry  and  hot  that 
it  had  been  called,  well — yes,  something  that 
rhymes  with  "  woll." — A.  T.  Johnson. 

THE    HARDINESS    OF    LITHOSPERMUM 

ROSMARINIFOLIUM 

T  WAS  pleased  to  read  the  note  (page  io5)  on 
this  subject.  Late  last  autumn  I  secured  a 
nice  bushy  plant,  and  it,  together  with  several 
other  things  in  pots,  were  put  in  an  old  frame 
minus  two-thirds  of  its  glass.  Later,  when  I 
was  away  from  home,  came  a  sharp  frost,  and  among 
the  occupants  of  the  frame  which  perished,  or 
which  were  badly  injured,  were  the  prostrate 
Rosemary,  Aloysia  citriodora,  some  Salvias, 
Convolvulus  mauritanicus,  and  some  rooted  cut- 
tings of  various  half-hardy  shrubs.  But,  to  my 
surprise  and  delight,  L.  rosmarinifolium  was  not 
only  alive  and  well  when  I  returned  to  count 
my  losses,  but  it  was  bearing  several  of  its  lovely 
blue    flowers.     That    was   injearly   January,    and 


the  plant  has  been  increasing  in  beauty  ever  since. 
The  blossoms,  which  are  over  half  an  inch  across, 
are  to  my  eyes  an  exquisite  Gentian  blue  of  the 
purest  tone,  though  the  opening  buds  have  tur- 
quoise tints.  Doubtless  the  flowers  of  this  charm- 
ing species  may  suffer  when  grown  outdoors  in 
this  climate,  as  "  E.  H.  W."  suggests,  but  I  believe 
the  plant  is  as  hardy  as  most  others  of  its  race. 
I  am  hoping  that  L.  rosmarinifolium  will  blossom 
later  when  established  outdoors,  and  it  would  be 
interesting  to  hear  how  it  behaves  in  this  respect  in 
the  gardens  of  other  readers. — A.  T.  J.,  North  Wales. 

A    RHODODENDRON    FOR    THE     COOL 
GREENHOUSE. 

■pACH  succeeding  year  emphasises  more  and 
more  the  value  of  the  beautiful  Rhododen- 
dron ciliicalyx  for  the  cool  greenhouse.  The 
first  seeds  were  sent  home  to  France  by  the  Abbe 
Delavay  in  1884.  One  of  the  seedlings  raised 
was  obtained  for  Kew  in  i8go.  The  plant  is 
now  about  7ft.  in  height  and  as  much  in  diameter. 


does  well  here  in  ordinary  light  loam  with  leaf- 
mould,  the  bushes  being  in  the  half-shade  of 
deciduous  trees. — North  Wales. 

BLUE     WOOD     ANEMONES. 

TN  regard  to  the  enquiry  of  "  Zennor"  in  his 
note  (The  Garden,  page  219)  on  the  various 
coloured  Wood  Anemones  in  Cornwall,  the  late 
F.  H.  Davey  in  his  "  Flora  of  Cornwall,"  1909, 
merely  gives  var.  ccerulea  D.C.  (of  A.  nemorosa) 
from  all  the  eight  divisions  of  the  county,  except 
Division  I.  But  he  makes  no  comment,  beyond 
giving  localities.  The  first  recorder  of  this  blue 
variety  in  Division  VIII  was  Ralfs  of  Penzance  ; 
Mrs.  Adamson  recorded  it  from  "  Between  St.  Ives 
and  Zennor."  Referring  to  the  "  Flore  Franfaise," 
edition  iii,  by  Lamarck  and  De  Candolle  (1805), 
vol.  iv,  page  884,  we  find  var.  R  purpurea, 
J.  Bauhin,  "  Hist."  3,  page  4r2,  and  var.  y 
ccerulea  are  given.  V\"e  are  told  that  ccerulea, 
"  according  to  Mons.  Dufour,  is  fairly  common 
in  the  Dept.   of  the  Landes,   and  has  a  beautiful 


RHODODENDRON    CILIICALYX   IS   BEYOND   ALL   DOUBT   ONE  OF   THE   MOST    BEAUTIFUL 
SUBJECTS    FOR   THE   COOL    GREENHOUSE. 


Throughout  April  it  has  been  a  conspicuous 
feature  of  the  Himalayan  House,  covered  with 
a  profusion  of  flowers.  Usually  three  flowers 
in  a  truss,  they  are  sjins.  to  4jins.  across,  opening 
freely  flushed  with  pink,  changing  with  age  to 
white.  Cultivated  in  large  pots  or  tubs.  R. 
ciliicaljfx  thrives  best  when  stood  in  a  sheltered 
position  outside  from  June  to  September. — A.  O. 

A     NOTEWORTHY     RHODODENDRON. 

"pHROUGHOUT  the  later  part  of  March  and 
early  April  Rhododendron  ciliatum  has 
been  in  full  flower,  proving  its  ability  to  withstand 
inclement  weather  to  a  remarkable  degree.  One 
of  the  parents  of  R.  praecox,  it  is  a  noteworthy 
little  shrub,  very  distinct  in  the  hairiness  of  its 
broad,  blunt,  leathery  leaves,  and  a  charming 
object  when  in  flower.  The  blossoms  are  borne 
singly  or  in  small  clusters.  Individually  they 
are  sometimes  sins,  across,  and  the  colour  is  a 
clear  Apple-blossom  pink  and  white.     R.  ciliatum 


blue  flower,  but  because  of  this  character  it  must 
not  be  confused  with  A.  apennina,  which  as  far 
as  I  know  has  not  yet  been  found  in  France.  The 
var.  R  has  the  flower  quite  purple."  Both  these 
varieties  appear  to  be  ignored  by  Grenier  and 
Godron,  by  GiUet  and  Magne,  and  by  Coste  in 
their  subsequent  Floras  of  France ;  but  they 
describe  the  flowers  of  nemorosa  as  white,  rose, 
lilac  or  purplish.  I  beUeve  .A.  apennina  has  not 
been  recorded,  as  an  alien  or  denizen,  in  Cornwall, 
though  it  grows  in  that  state,  for  example,  near 
Dartmouth  in  South  Devon.  In  .April,  1919,  I 
found  in  a  copse  close  to  Sidcot  School  in  Somerset 
a  small  Wood  Anemone  with  pale  greenish  yellow 
flowers,  though  not  growing  in  a  particularly 
shady  spot.  It  is  remarkable  that  no  .Anemone 
is  recorded  from  the  Channel  Isles,  though 
Guernsey  was  once  well  wooded.  And  indeed 
it  appears  that  Ranunculus  is  the  only  genus 
of  the  RanunculaccTs  found  in  any  of  those 
iilandi. — -H.   S.  Thompson. 


|244 


THE     GARDEN. 


GARDENING     OF     THE     WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Dahlias. — Roots  of  these  which  were  not 
introduced  into  heat  to  furnish  cuttings  may  be 
planted  direct  into  permanent  quarters,  thus 
saving  time  and  labour,  as  it  is  unnecessary  to 
start  the  tubers  under  glass  previous  to  planting. 
Those  used  to  furnish  cuttings  and  the  young 
plants  must  be  well  hardened  off  before  putting 
them  out. 

Calceolarias. — Where  it  is  convenient  to  do 
so,  these  may  be  planted  now  in  a  semi-shadv 
position  for  preference,  as  these  plants  are  not 
at  home  in  full  sunshine.  On  light  soUs  it  is 
advantageous  to  give  a  mulching  of  decayed  leaf- 
soil  a  little  later  in  the  season  to  assist  in  keep.ng 
the  roots  cool. 

Roses. — Considerable  attention  must  be  given 
to  these  plants  for  a  few  weeks  now,  especially 
should  they  form  a  feature  of  the  flower  garden. 
The  three  chief  enemies  to  wage  war  upon  are 
green  fly,  maggots  and  mildew.  Hand-picking 
is  the  surest  way  of  dealing  w^ith  the  maggots  ; 
while  syringing  with  one  of  the  many  approved 
articles  on  the  market  will  check  the  other  two 
troubles,  or  a  dusting  of  Tobacco  powder  will 
deter  green  fly  and  sulphur  dusting  will  do  the 
same  for  mildew. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Kohl  Rabi.' — This  mav  be  sown  at  anv  time 
between  the  latter  part  of  March  and  early  August 
in  rows  I  Sins,  apart.  The  thinning  of  the  seed- 
Imgs  may  be  done  twice  if  preferred,  leaving  a 
few  inches  at  first  and  then  from  6ins.  to  loins. 
finally.  By  this  method  it  is  possible  to  make  use 
of  the  small  roots  at  second  thinning. 

Beans. — When  making  the  necessarv  sowings 
of  Runners  and  Dwarf,  the  most  valuable  Dutch 
Brown  must  not  be  forgotten,  for  it  is  umivalled 
for  growing  to  be  used  in  its  dried  state  during  the 
wmter  months.  Sow  it  now  in  a  well  cultivated 
piece  of  ground  and  allow  the  plants  at  least 
iff.  each  way. 

Lettuce. — -Fairly  frequent  sowings  are  ncces« 
sary  to  keep  up  a  good  supply.  As  the  season 
advances  it  is  advantageous  to  sow  thinly  where 
the  plants  are  to  mature,  and  thus  reduce  to  a 
minimum  loss  of  plants  through  pricking  out, 
which  must  sometimes  be  carried  out  under 
unfavourable  climatic  conditions.  This  also  means 
a  saving  of  labour. 

Marrows.— Where  a  few  hand-lights  or  frames 
can  be  spared  and  placed  on  a  declining  hot-bed 
an  excellent  start  can  be  given  to  these  plants. 
A  later  batch  to  follow  will  need  no  such  help  if 
the  weather  is  more  settled  and  it  is  to  be  hoped 
free  from  frosts. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Strawberries.— Previous  to  bedding  down  the 
Strawberry  quarters  with  clean  straw  in  readiness 
'°r  the  fruit  to  rest  upon,  the  ground  should  have 
a  final  hoeing  to  thoroughlv  cleanse  and  check 
as  much  as  possible  the  advent  of  weeds.  At  the 
same  time  give  the  ground  a  dusting  of  matured 
soot  and  a  dressing  of  fertiliser  if  thought  necessarv 
A  supply  of  clean  loose  straw  should  alwavs  lie 
at  hand  to  scatter  lightly  over  the  plants  when 
in  flower  should  a  cold  night  threaten. 

Mulching.— The  value  of  this  operation  cannot 
be  over-estimated  for  the  maintenance  of  a  proper 
degree  of  moisture  to  the  roots  of  fruit  trees 
more  especially  to  those  on  walls.  Failing  partially 
decayed  manure  to  mix  with  leaves,  use  should  be 
made  of  lawn  grass  cuttings  mixed  with  the  latter. 
Plants  Under  Glass. 

Pricking  Out,  potting  on  and  growing  of  such 
plants  as  tuberous  Begonias,  Gloxinias  and  Strepto- 
carpus  call  for  considerable  attention,  but  this 
may  be  met  by  a  systematic  working  of  the  batches 
required,  and  by  arranging  if  possible  for  a  warm 
moist  pit  which  can  be  easily  shaded,  to  be  allotted 
to  them  during  early  stages  of  growth  and  the 
pots  given  an  ash-bed  to  rest  upon,  which  helps 
at  all  times  to  give  an  evenness  of  atmospheric 
moisture. 

Begonias  for  winter  flowering  should  be  potted 
on  into  light  rich  soil  as  thev  become  ready,  and 
additional  batches  of  cuttings  inserted. 
I  Celosiaplumosa  and  C.  cristata  make  an  exceUent 
show  in  the  conservatory,  and  are  also  useful 
for  bedding  purposes,  but  when  thus  used  a  number 
of  plants  must  always  be  held  in  reserve,  as 
they  have  a  most  unfortunate  habit  of 
suddenly       going  off,"    and  mav  possibly  mar  an 


othenvise  satisfactory  bedding  arrangement.  To 
obtain  large,  well  grown  plants  no  better  spot 
can  be  found  for  growing  them  than  a  frame  in 
which  there  is  a  declining  hot-bed. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Thinning  Grapes. — This  somewhat  tedious 
work  calls  for  more  thought  in  dealing  with  late 
varieties  than  with  earlier  ones,  inasmuch  as, 
although  well  filled,  compact  bunches  must  be  the 
aim,  sufficient  room  must  also  be  given  each  berry 
for  its  proper  development  and  finish,  or  its  keepmg 
qualities  will  suffer  accordingly.  An  expert  man 
with  the  scissors  may  complete  the  task  at  one 
attempt,  but  it  is  an  exceedingly  doubtful  opera- 
tion, especially  with  such  as  Alicante,  and  a  second 
thinning  is  more  satisfactory.  With  the  variety 
named  another  look  over  after  the  stoning  period 
generally  reveals  a  few  more  berries  to  be  removed. 
H.  Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland) 

Albiiry  Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 

FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Salads.— Constant  supplies  of  Mustard  and 
Cress  will  now  be  looked  for,  so  weekly  sowings 
should  be  made,  thus  ensuring  nice  fresh  supplies. 
Do  not  sow  in  too  sunny  a  position,  as  this  produces 
tougher  and  less  juicy  material  than  when  the 
plants  are  grown  in  a  slightly  shaded  part. 
Regular  sowmgs  of  Radishes  should  also  be  made. 
Lettuce  should  also  be  sown  and  pricked  out 
regularly,  makmg  use  of  frames  that  have  been 
cleared  of  bedding  material. 

Spinach. — The  main  sowing  of  \ew  Zealand 
Spinach  should  now  be  got  in.  Sow  in  shallow 
drills  fully  2ft.  apart,  as  it  grows  vigorously, 
throwing  up  fine  fresh  leaves  which  are  much 
prized  during  the  autumn  and  winter  months. 
Judicious  thinnmg  will  be  necessary  w^hen  the 
plants  attain  a  height  of  about  sins. 

Peas. — Early  rows  will  now  require  staking, 
and  very  often  this  work  is  carelessly  carried  out, 
little  attention  being  given  to  the  height  of  stake 
necessary  or  the  quantity  required.  It  being  a 
great  mistake  to  crowd  in  too  many  bushy 
branches,  thereby  excluding  the  necessary  sun 
and  air,  rather  spread  out  the  heavier  stakes 
along  the  row  and  work  in  lighter  material  between 
them  so  that  the  maximum  of  sun  and  air  may 
find  play  among  the  growths.  Further  sowings 
of  Maincrop  Marrowfats  should  be  made  at  this 
time. 

Seed  Beds. — Examine  all  seed  beds  carefully, 
and  if  any  should  have  failed  sow  again  at  once, 
as  seeds  sown  now  germinate  quickly  ■and  readily 
make  good  the  time  lost. 

Beet  may  now  be  sown  in  quantitv.  Choose 
the  finest  sorts,  as  it  is  as  easv  to  grow  good 
varieties  as  inferior  ones.  Although  the  cultivation 
meted  out  to  this  important  vegetable  at  times 
tends  to  coarseness  in  the  root,  especially  if  grown 
in  too  rich  a  soil,  it  should  alwavs  be  grown  on 
ground  that  was  manured  for  a  crop  the  previous 
year.  Sow  in  drills  about  liins.  in  depth  and 
15  ms.  apart.  When  thinning,  leave  a  space  of 
Sins,  between  the  plants. 

Chervil. — This  useful  herb  should  be  sown 
now  on  a  nicely  prepared  bed,  choosing  a  Avarm 
situation.  It  is  used  largely  in  some  households 
for  flavouring  purposes  and  salads,  also  for  the 
garnishing  of  cold  meats. 

Hoeing.— Where  the  ground  is  beginning  to 
harden  and  cake  between  seed  rows  or  other 
plants  the  hoe  should  be  plied  regularly.  Nothing 
contributes  more  towards  successful  cultivation 
than  the  constant  use  of  the  Dutch  hoe  among 
growing  crops,  as  the  ground  is  not  only  aerated, 
but  soft  weeds  are  kept  in  check  as  well. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Pot  Fruit.— Attend  to  the  disbudding  and 
thinning  of  the  various  pot  fruits,  using  discretion 
in  the  encouragement  of  growth  on  the  younger 
trees.  As  judicious  treatment  at  this  period 
will  prove  the  groundwork  for  shapely  and  well 
furnished  specimens  for  ensuing  seasons,  see  that 
the  plants  do  not  suffer  from  lack  of  water,  for 
if  allowed  to  become  dry  the  result  will  be  fatal 
to  the  crops'  chance  of  being  carried  to  a  successful 
finish.  Liquid  manure  may  be  given,  care  being 
taken  that  the  plants  are  in  a  moist  condition 
at  the  roots.  Keep  the  syringe  going  to  prevent 
attacks  of  insect  pests. 

Vines. — With  increasing  sun-heat  it  will  be 
found  necessary  to  keep  a  moister  atmosphere  in 


[May  14,  192 1. 


Vineries  which  have  already  been  thinned,  main- 
taining a  brisk  temperature  at  night.  Vines  that 
are  carrying  heavy  crops  should  receive  liberal 
feeding.  Keep  all  sub-laterals  in  check,  and 
ventilate  as  required. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 
Repotting.— At  this  period  a  good  deal  of 
repotting  will  occupy  attention,  and  wherever 
possible  the  work  should  be  carried  through 
without  further  loss  of  time,  as  plants  in  small 
pots  if  not  attended  to  often  become  hard  and 
stunted,  with  the  result  that  vigorous  growth 
is  checked  and  such  specimens  seldom  do  credit 
to  a  capable  gardener. 

Crotons  and  Dracaenas  which  have  been 
topped  and  successfully  rooted  should  now  be 
potted  up  and  plunged  in  a  close  case  for  a  few 
weeks,  spraying  overhead  morning  and  evening. 

Gloxinias.— Further  lots  of  these  should  be 
moved  into  their  flowering  pots.  Keep  in  a 
genial  atmosphere  until  root  action  commences, 
afterwards  transferring  them  to  cooler  quarters. 
Let  the  compost  consist  largely  of  leaf-mould, 
sharp  sand  and  peat. 

Hard-wooded  Plants  which  have  now  made 
growth  and  have  been  duly  hardened  off  may 
now  be  transferred  to  a  sheltered  plunge  in  the 
frame  ground  and  so  relieve  congestion  in  plant 
houses. 

James  McGran 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


LURE   OF  THE  TOWN 
GARDEN 

How    to    Obtain    a   Bright  Display  in 
Shady  and  Cramped  Positions 
Preparing    for    the    Summer    Display. — in 

many  town  and  suburban  gardens,  owing  to 
the  high  walls,  fences,  corners  and  general  close- 
ness of  many  houses,  there  are  partially  shaded 
borders.  In  the  latter  such  plants  as  the 
following  will  be  successful,  namely:  Vincas 
(Periwinkle),  Foxgloves,  Spiraeas,  Solomon's  Seal 
and  hardy  Ferns  ;  these  will  do  particularly  well 
under  trees.  In  less  shaded  borders  select  for 
planting  Campanulas,  Irises,  Lilies  (various). 
Delphiniums,  Violas,  Columbines,  Hepaticas,  Saxi- 
fragas,  Asters,  Peonies,  PjTethrums,  Sunflowers, 
Carnations,  Candytuft  and  Mignonette. 

The  Window  Boxes.— These  are  thought 
much  of  in  a  town  garden  and  rightly  so.  In  the 
most  sunny  windows  fill  the  boxes  with  the 
following  plants:  Petunias  (especially  the  single- 
flowered).  Zonal  Pelargoniums,  Balsams,  Lobelias, 
Mignonette,  Night-scented  Stock  (Matthiola 
bicomis).  Verbenas  and  Marguerites.  In  the 
shaded  windows  use  Fuchsias,  Saxifragas,  Semper- 
vivums  and  Sedums,  together  with  Ferns  and 
Mignonette. 

Flower  Beds. — Of  course,  thousands  of  people 
will  aim  at  filling  their  flower  beds  with  such 
plants  as  Pelargoniums,  Lobelias,  Salvias, 
Marguerites  and  Begonias ;  but  there  are 
thousands  more  who  cannot  afford  to  spend  a 
sum  sufficient  to  buy  these  kinds  of  plants.  In 
this  case  raise  hardy  and  half-hardy  annuals, 
such  as  Asters  (double  and  single  flowered), 
Ten-week  Stocks,  Marigolds  in  variety.  Phlox 
Drummondu,  Mignonette,  Cornflowers  and 
Virginian  Stock,  a  dwarf-growing  plant  flowering 
profusely  and  suitable  for  edgings  to  beds. 
Throughout  the  month  of  May  all  the  kinds  of 
annuals  named  may  be  sown  in  the  open  border. 
There  need  not  be  any  transplanting,  but  a  careful 
thinning-out  in  due  course,  if  the  slugs  do  not 
work  too  hard  in  this  direction.  The  seedlings 
must  be  closely  watched  and  protected  by 
sprinkling  soot  round  them  in  showery  weather. 
At  a  very  small  cost  practically  every  town  garden 
may  be  made  beautiful  during  the  summer- 
time. George  Garner. 


May  14,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


245 


Britain's  Hall  of  Horticulture  and 
a  Women's  Smoking  Competition  ! 

An  Outspoken  Protest 

At  the  Tobacco  Fair  in  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Hall  there  has  been  held  a  women's  smoking 
competition  which  continued  over  a  week.  I 
protest  that  the  fountain  head  of  British  horti- 
culture could  be  put  to  no  baser  use,  and  suggest 
that  the  body  of  Fellows  should  convey  to  the 
Council  in  emphatic  terms  the  opinion  that  the 
Hall,  which  was  built  for  horticulture,  with  hard- 
won  horticultural  money,  shall  not  be  hired  out 
for  any  such  depraved  purpose. 

There  are  those  among  the  Fellows  who  are  not 
in  sympathy  with  the  Hall  being  converted  into 
a  venue  for  dog  and  cat  shows,  at  which  neurotic 
women  of  fashion  lavish  more  love  and  care  on 
their  overpampered  four-legged  pets  than  they  do 
on  their  own  children  but  we  may  let  that  pass — 
they  are  sources  of  useful  revenue  and  may  serve 
some  practical  end  in  maintaining  standards  of 
breeds. 

When  we  reach  women's  smoking  competitions 
however,  I  consider  that  we  reach  the  rock  bottom 
of  deprawty,  and  the  managers  of  the  Hall — which 
was  erected  to  be  the  educational  resort  of  horti- 
culturists from  all  over  the  world,  where  they 
could  see  the  finest  fruits  of  British  gardening 
and  measure  with  accuracy  the  progress  of  evolu- 
tion in  flowers,  fruits  and  vegetables — should  not 
countenance  it. 

Our  Council  will  say  that  a  Tobacco  Fair  is, 
equally  with  a  dog  or  a  cat  show,  a  source  of 
revenue.  Quite  so,  and  a  Tobacco  Fair,  purely 
as  such,  has  commercial  value,  but  its  side  show — 
in  its  profession  that  it  teaches  women  how  to 
smoke — is  as  iiseless  as  it  is  senseless  and  ridicvdous, 
and  it  should  lie  %vithin  the  powers  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  to  step  in  and  say :  This 
shall  not  be.  I  am  no  narrow-minded  Purist  who 
objects  to  women  smoking.  To  my  cost  I  am  a 
smoker,  and  many  of  my  women  friends  enjoy  the 
after-food  cigarette,  caring  not  one  iota  whether 
they  are  smoking  it  correctly  or  not,  any  more 
than  I  do. 

Our  Council  might,  perhaps,  have  justified  its 
action  in  some  degree  by  stipulating  that  the 
competition  should  be  judged  by  a  member  of 
its  own  body  or  by  a  member  of  one  of  its  several 
specialist  committees,  since  such  a  step  would 
have  been  on  all  fours  with  asking  a  chef  to  judge 
vegetables.  It  did  not  do  so.  The  Council  of  the 
greatest  Horticultaral  Society  in  the  world,  know- 
ing that  gardeners  cannot  judge  vegetables,  ought 
to  know  also  that  there  must  be  at  least  one  member 
of  the  ancient  craft  who  can  judge  a  women's 
smoking  competition,  and  he  should  have  been 
able  to  do  it.  The  cult  of  My  Lady  Nii-otine 
would  have  been  just  as  satisfied  with  the  awards 
as  the  gardening  fraternity  will  be  when  the  results 
of  its  intelligent,  trained  labours  in  the  production 
of  superb  vegetables  are  adjudicated  upon  by  the 
overseer  of  the  kitchen.         Horace  J.  Wright. 


Assistant    Gardeners    Wanted.— Considerable 

progress  has  now  been  made  with  the  formation 
of  British  war  cemeteries  in  France  and  Belgium, 
but  much  work  is  bemg  delayed  owing  to  the 
difficulty  of  obtaining  gardeners.  Ex-Ser\'ice  men 
who  are  qualified  gardeners  or  have  had  sufficient 
experience  to  enable  them  to  act  as  assistant 
gardeners  are,  therefore,  being  urged  to  undertake 
the  necessary  work.  Applications,  stating  qualifi- 
cations, should  be  made  in  the  first  instance  by 
letter  to  The  Secretary  (Appointments  Branch), 
Imperial  War  Graves  Commission,  i,  Lake 
Buildings,  St.  James's  Park,  London,  S.W.i. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— T/i.-  I-:,litor  endeavours 
to  mtikt-  The  G.\uitES  helpjul  to  all  readers  lelto  liesire 
assistance,  no  matter  tvhat  the  branch  of  gardenuui  may  be, 
and  xoith  that  object  mal-es  a  special  feature  of  the  "Ansicers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
ctsarlij  and  c^nrtiseli/  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Gardes,  20,  Taristoclc 
Street,  Corent  Garden,  London,  IF.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  nntj  desianation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  Wheii  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  lor  tunning  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-icool,  and  flouering 
shoots,  ichere  possible,  sltould  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  LetteiS 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  t'te  Puhlisher. 


TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

TREATMENT      OF      NEWLY-PLANTED      CONIFERS 

(A.  G.  v..  Kidderminster). — It  is  certainly  desirable  to 
shorten  the  growtlis  of  newly-planted  '  Thuyas  and 
Cupressus  to  relieve  the  roots  of  trees  6£t.  to  10ft.  in 
height.  As  our  correspondent's  soil  is  of  a  light,  sandy 
nature,  watering  twice  a  week  during  dry  weather  woulii 
be  very  helpful.  Also  mulch  witli  a  mixture  in  equal 
proportions  of  old  decayed  manure  and  rotting  leaves. 
In  the  worst  cases  of  withering  foliage  shorten  the  growths 
liberally,  as  is  done  witli  newly-plauted  Hollies. 


ROCK     GARDEN. 

HOW    TO    CONSTRUCT    A    SMALL    ROCK    GARDEN 

(Felsted). — The  accompanying  sketches  will,  no  doubt, 
serve  our  correspondent  as  a  guide  in  the  planning  of 
his  rock  garden.     Fig.  .-V. — Xo.  1  shows  the  foundation 


GREENHOUSE. 

MARKET  VARIETIES  OF  CUCUMBER  (H.  \Y.  B.).— 
Xearly  all  the  large  growers  of  Cucumbers  for  market 
have  their  own  varieties,  which  are  the  result  of  years  of 
crossing  and  selection.  The  best  market  varieties  to 
be  procured  are  Butcher's  Disease  Kesister.  Chennell's 
Chalienger.  Rochford's  Telegraph,  Edney's  Telegraph, 
Rollinsou's  Telegraph.  Rochford's  Market  and  Lockie's 
Perfection.  Several  of  these  varieties  are  offered  by 
Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons,  wliile  others  are  only  procurable 
bv  the  trade. 


KITCHEN    GARDEN. 

RHUBARB  UNSATISFACTORY  (A.  S.,  Henley).— 
Has  the  Rhubarb  been  moved  to  fresh  soil  lately  ?  We 
find  the  roots  are  damaged,  but  this  may  possibly  be 
due  to  some  caterpillar,  such  as  that  of  the  garden  swift 
moth.     There  is  no  fungus  in  or  on  the  leaves. 


FOUNDATION   FOR   THE   SOIL. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

PRACTICAL  BOOK  ON  COMMERCIAL  VIOLET 
GROWING  (E.  M.).— The  only  publication  of  the  kind 
is  published  in  New  York.  It  is  written  by  Dr.  B.  T. 
Galloway,  and  is  entitled  "  Commercial  Violet  Culture." 
A  Treatise  on  the  Growing  and  Marketing  of  Violets  for 
Profit."  This  book  should  exactly  meet  our  corre- 
spondent's requirements.  Other  books  published  in 
England  are  :  "  A.  Practical  Treatise  on  Violet  i^lture." 
by   John   Heath  (Kendal.    1889) ;    and   "  Sweet   Violets 


A   SMALL  ROCK    GARDEN   WITH   STONES   SO    LAID   TH.\T   THEY   RETAIN   RAIN    WATER, 


for  the  soil,  Xo.  2,  to  rest  upon.  The  stones  must  be 
so  placed  that  thev  will  collect  rainwater  for  the  benefit 
of  the  plants,  and  Xos.  3.  3  shows  the  latter  havmg  plenty 
of  sou  to  grow  in.  ♦Fig.  B. — Nos.  1  and  2  show  an  arrange- 
ment for  the  smaller-growing  alpines.  No.  3  the  path, 
and  Nos.  4.  4,*4^a  bolder  portion  of  the  rock  garden 
suitable  for  larger-growing  plants. 

GENTIANS  FAILING  (D.  C.  Godalming).— There  are 
probably,  more  failures  and  disappohitiuents  with  the 
blue  Gentians  (Gentiana  aeauUs)  than  any  other  popular 
alpine.  The  late  .Mr.  Reginald  Fnrr.r  termed  them 
"  kittle  cattle."  fully  realising  then-  dirtiiulti.'s.  During 
spring,  their  season  of  growth,  abundant  supidii-s  of  water 
are  most  essential,  but  the  water  must  drain  away  quickly, 
and  to  permit  tills  plenty  of  small  pieces  o£  rock  should  be 
mixed  with  the  soil,  which  is  best  if  of  meadow  loam. 
This  rather  suggests  a  loose  rooting  medium,  which  would 
be  fatal  to  the  Gentian,  so,  in  order  to  prevent  this,  planting 
must  be  as  firm  as  possible.  During  late  summer  and  autumn 
by  which  time  growth  is  completed  and  matured,  so  much 
water  is  not  necessary — in  fact,  too  much  water  at  this 
season  is  harmful.  But  the  soil  should  never  be  alloweii 
to  become  quite  drv  :  if  so  the  Gentians  would  either  die 
or  at  least  become  sickl>-.  If  the  soil,  as  above  described, 
is  sufflcientiv  deep  the  roots  will  be  well  down  away  from 
harm  by  the  summer  sun.  The  Gentians  should  be 
fullv  exposed  to  all  the  sunlight  possible. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

HOLLYHOCK  DISEASE  (Olivia).— To  prevent  Holly- 
hock disease  sow  clean  seed  from  healthy  plants  and 
renew  the  planting  yearly.  Spraying  is  only  partially 
successful,  but  a  rose-red  solution  of  potassium  perman- 
ganate is  the  best  to  use.  Destroy  all  wild  Mallows 
from  the  neighbourhood  of  the  garden,  as  they  harbour 
tlie  disease. 

SCREEN  FOR  GARDEN  (J.  E.  A.,  East  Yorks).— 
The  suggestion  of  a  Blackberry  screen  would  only  fulfil 
its  purpose  if  the  rustic-pole  framework  or  lattice  work 
is  practically  a  screen  in  itself,  as  after  fruitmg  each  year, 
the  old  Blaekberrv  stems  are  cut  out  and  the  new  growths 
tied  in.  Such  a"  screen  would  certainly  be  profitable, 
and  Loganberries  might  also  be  mcluded.  It  could  be 
made  8ft.  or  even  lOft.  liigli.  Rambler  Roses,  such  as 
American  Pillar,  Dorotliv  Perkins,  Sanders  Wliite  and 
Excelsa,  would  be  effective  as  a  screen  on  the  rustic 
poles,  but  not  so  profitable  as  Blackberries. 


and  their  Culture,"  by  Richard  Parker  (Arundel  and 
Horsham,  1905).  A  further  publication  that  may  assist 
our  correspondent  is  entitled  "  How  to  Make  Money 
Growing  Violets,"  by  George  Saltford.  This  was  published 
in  New  York  in  1902. 

HOW  TO  RID  A  TANK  OF  ALG«  (J.  A.,  Isleworth).— 
Dissolve  copper  sulphate  at  the  rate  of  2Aozs.  for  every 
10.000  gallons  in  the  tank  and  sprinkle  over  the  water. 
This  will  destroy  the  growi^h  mentioned.  It  is  a  green 
alga?.  Stronger  solution  than  this  will  be  likely  to 
damage  both  Water  Lilies  and  fish. 

WEEDS  IN  LAWN  (J.  B.).— The  specimen  sent  for 
identification  is  the  Field  Wood-rush  (Luzula  campestris). 
Its  prevalence  is  due  to  poorness  of  soil.  A  useful  manure 
for  present  application  is  l*lb.  superphosphate  of  lime, 
lib.  Peruvian  guano  and  21b.  of  bone  meal,  per  pole  of 
lawn.  In  autumn  give  the  grass  a  dressing  of  rich  soil 
and  basic  slag  or  old  decayed  manure.  The  Luzula  will 
be  found  to  gradually  disappear. 

NAMES  OF  PLANTS.— Boris.— 1,  Polyanthus  Hose-m- 

hose  ;  2,  Scolopendrium  \^llgare  crispum. G.,  Sussex. — 

1,    .\zalea   Hinodegiri;     2,    Unnamed  variety  of  Azalea 

amccna  (purple  red). J.    W.   R..    Wilts. — 1  (Cupressus 

sempervirens — ^Italian  Cypress  ;  2  Thuya  orientalis — 
C'biuese  Arbor-Vita>. — a"  R.,  Dorking. — 1.  Piptanthus 
ncpalensis  ;  2,  Probably  Ela^agnus  macrophylla  ;  3,  .\kebia 

quinata  :     4,    Azara    "mierophylla. "  Pyrus."    Bath. — 

Pyrus  purpurea  (floribunda  >  Niedzwetzkyana). 


PUBLICATIONS     RECEIVED. 

Journal  of  Genetics,  April,  1921.  Edited  bv  W.  Batesou, 
M.A.,  F.R.S..  and  R.  C.  Punnett,  M.A..  F.B.S.  Published 
bv  the  Cambridge  University  Press,  Fetter  Lane, 
London.  E.C.4.    Price  15s.  net. 

The  Journal  of  the  Kew  Guild.  1921.  Printed  by  the 
Brentford  Printing  and  Publishing  Company,  Brentford, 
Middlesex. 


Kew  Guild. — The  annual  general  meeting  of 
the  Kew  Guild  will  be  held  at  the  Holborn  Restau- 
rant on  Wednesday,  May  25,  the  second  day  of  the 
Chelsea  Show,  at  6.30  p.m.  The  meeting  will  be 
followed  by  the  annual  dinner  at  7.30,  the  chairman 
being  the  president-elect,  Mr.  Charles  Cvmdy. 


246 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May   14,   1921. 


33rd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Orders  over  3  -  post  free.      Under,  please  add  4d.  to  help  meet 
high  rate  of  postage.       Half  lots  same  rate.       12/-  worth  for  10  -. 


strong;  one  yrar  old  Alpine^Pinks,  Aquilegia,  Brompton 
Stocks,  Canterbury  Bells,"  Chrysanthemum  ^Taximllnl 
Coreopsis  granditlorfi.  Dianthus,  Chinese  Pinks,  Qaillardia 
granditlora,  Lupins,  Sweet  Williams,  12,  l/().     Carnations, 

goodjborJer  doublcF,  ti,  1/C. 

Strong:  autunin-Fo%vn  Cabbage,  Onions,   Leeks,   Pickling 

Cabbage,  100  1/9,  300  4/6.  Spruiir  Fown,  best  varieties  pro- 
curable. Broccoli  Manmioth  and  April  Queen;  Cauliflower 
Early  London.  Best  of  All  and  Autumn  Giant  ;  Sprouting 
Broccoli,  Brussels  Sprouts  Ivelway's  Giant,  BxJiibilion, 
Matchless  ;  Cabbage,  5  best  forts  ;  Coleworts,  Curled  Kale, 
Asparagus  Kale,  Leeks  Prizctaker,  Lyon,  Champion  ;  Onions 
Bedfordshire  Cbanipion,  Giant  Zittau  and  Eocca  ;  Savoy  Bt.'t 
of  All,  100,  1/9,  300,  4/6.    . 

Strong  transplanted  Vegetable  Marrows,  trailina  or  bu?h, 
4,  1/4.  Cucumber  Kinc  of  Eidce,  Bedfordshire  Prize,  4.  1/4. 
Cucumber  TeUgraph,  Rochfords,  best  for  house  or  frair.r, 
3,  1/9.  Pumpkin  Mammoth  Hundredi^'eight,  4, 1/4.  Tomato, 
largt',  strong,  sturdy  plants,  ^oon  flower,  6,  1/9.  Parsley, 
12,  1/4.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint,  Marjoram,  6,  1/4.  Chives, 
20,  1/4. 

1' Strong  Climbers.' Passion  Flower,* hardy,  blue  andiwlite, 
^,  1/4.  Canary  Creeper,  graceful,  "quick  climber,  12,  1/6. 
Cobea  scandens,  handsome,  rapid  climber,  large  purple  flowers 
3,  1/fi. 

T  Sweet  Pea  plants,  separate  colours.  20,  1/6.  Mixed,  best 
large  flowering,  waved,  etc.,  30,  1/6.  Pea  plants,  eating,  best 
Marrowfats,  25.  1/4. 

SUMMER     BEDDING.3 

Strong  transplanted  plants.  Ageratum,  blut-  or  manvr, 
15,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  lovely  mw  colours,  12,  2/6.  Asters, 
best  doubles,  15,  1/C.  Asters,  singl'^  China,  pink,  scarlet,  crim^-on, 
mauve,  Apple  blossom,  15,  1/6.  Balsams,  double,  12,  1/4. 
Calceolarias,  6,  1/6.  Coreopsis  Drummondii,  15.  1/6. 
Chrysanthemums,  annuals,  double  and  single,  12, 1/6.  Corn- 
flower Kelway'-s  blue,  12,  1/6.  Clarkia  elegans,  orange  and 
Salmon  King,  12,  1/4.  Dahlias,  double,  single,  Colossal. 
Giant  Perfection,  Cactus,  Pseony,  Collarette  ami  Crimson 
Odorata,  4,  1/4.  Echeveria  glaucus  rosettes  red  han-jini; 
flowers,  4,  1/4.  Qaillardia  Picta,  12,  1/4.  Heliotrope  regah, 
enormous  heads  of  fracrant  bloom,  splendid  bedder,  4,  1/4. 
Kochia  Child:-ii,  greatly  improved  summer  Cypress.  8,  1/4. 
Larkspur,  scarlet  or  "blue,  12.  1/6.  Lobelia,  best  dwarf, 
compact,  dark  or  light  blue,  from  cuttings,  20,  1/6.  ;     trans- 


jibntul  teedlings,  50,  2/6,  100,  4/-.  'Whito  Lobelia  same  price. 
Marguerites  Covtnl  Garden,  white,  yillow,  sulphur  or  bli;e, 
4,  1/4.  Mimulus,  Scarlet  Mu^k,  6,  1/4.  Nicotina  athnis, 
scent(d  white.  Tobacco  and  ciimtron  Sandi:ra\  6,  1/4.  Nemesia 
'.■ompacta  and  Strumosa  Suttoni.  15,  1/6.  Pansies,  b'-^t  laige 
floweiing  and  separate  colours,  12,  1/6.  Pentstemon  Scarlet 
and  lartie-Cowerine  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Petunia  grandiflora  and 
ExMbitinn,  beautiful  colours,  tnormous  blooms,  6,  1/4.  Phlox 
Drummondi,  12,  1/4.  Salvia,  Scarbt,  Pride  of  Zurich,  4,  1/4. 
Salpiglossis,  rich  colours,  12,  1 '4.  Salvia  sphndcns  and  Glory, 
rich  scarlet,  4, 1/4.  Schizanthus  WIm  torn  ni'^,  12, 1/6.  Stocks, 
Ttn  "Week,  Mammoth  and  Brauty,  15,  1/6.  Verbenas, 
Mammoth  hybrids,  Aricula  eyed,  crimson  and  scarlet,  35,  1/4. 
Violas,  separate  colours  or  mixed,  12,  1.'6.  Zinnia  elegans, 
very  large,  double,  Giant  Crimson  and  grandiflora  hybrids, 
12,  2/6. 

STRONG,   TRANSPLANTED"  PLANTS 
FOR  COOL  HOUSE. 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia, 
Fig  Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailing.  3,  1/6.  Aspara- 
gus Fern,  Plumosus,  ertct,  2,  1/0.  Begonias,  Salmon  tjiiern, 
Rose  Queen,  Crimson  magniflca  and  scarlet  Prima  Donna, 
4,  1/4.  Begonia  Fuch&ioides,  coral  pink,  3,  1/6.  Beauty 
Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Cannas,  Crozy's  tphndid 
hybrids,  4.  1 ,6.  Celsia  crilica,  mauve  and  y»  llow,  4,  1/4. 
Cyclamen,  very  choice  strain,  3,  1/6.  Eucalyptus,  bine  <mm, 
6,  1/4.  Heliotrope,  large  fragrant,  4,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalis 
Queen  Victoria,  scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia 
cArdiualis,  beautiful  liybrids,  4,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco, 
red  or  white,  6,  1/4.  Primula  obconica,  lovely  new  giant 
hybrids.  3.  1/6.  Primula  cortusoides,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  Kewensis,  bright  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Salvia  Pride  of 
Zurich,  scarlet.  4.  1  6.  Salvia  coecinea,  brilliant  scarlet, 
4. 1/4.  Mother  ofThousands,liangin<j,  6, 1/4.  Schizanthus, 
\VLsetoni»  nsis,  6.  1/4.  Smilax,  trailing,  4,  1/4.  Strepto- 
carpus,  large  new  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Primula  rosea,  grandiflora. 
lovely,  1,  1/-.  Streptocarpus,  lovely  Cape  primrose,  many 
rich  colours,  laree  tubular  blossoms,  evergreen  perennial,  almos; 
perpetual  flowerinc,  a  gem  for  pots,  3,  1/6.  Cobea  scandens, 
handsome,  rapid  climijer,  large  purple  flowers,  3, 1/6.  Gloxinias, 
started   bulbs,  2,   1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  plant  s  for  house  or  garden,  summer, 
autumn  or  winter  flowering,  mixed  colours,  6,  1/6. 

Celery,  K'  Iway's  Giant,  solid  white  and  pink,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ready  for  trench,  50,  2/-,  100,  3/-. 


SUMMER      BEDDING     CATALOGUE:      NOW      READY. 


MRS.  PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,    VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


ROYAL 


SHOW 


DERBY, 


June  28th   to  July  2nd,   1921 


80th  annual  exhibition  of  Horses,  Cattle, 

Goats,     Sheep,     Pigs,     Poultry,     Rabbits     and 

Farm    Produce,    Horse  Jumping,    Agricultural 

^Education,  Forestry  and  Horticulture. 

HORTICULTURE 

Entries      close      May     2nd. 

Prize    Sheets   anu    Entry    Forms   will   be  forwarded    on 
application  to 

T.   B.  TURNER,  Secretory. 

Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England, 
16,  Bedford  Square,  London,  W.C.I.  I 


BIRDS      DEFIED  ! 

ROTLESS    TANNED    NETTING.     UNEQUALLED. 

.IN      LIGHT.      MEDIUH      AND      HEAVY. 

Supplied  by  us  to  Royal  Gardens. 
50  by  1  yd.,  II:  9/6.  13/- :  2  yds.,  U/-.  19/-,  26/- ;  3  yds.,  21/.,  28,6. 
39i- :  4  yds..  28(-,  38,-,  52,'- ;  25  by  8  yds.,  28/..  38/-.  52/- 

Carriage   Paid. 
E.  B.  HAWTHORN.  Ltd.,  Dcpi.  E,  SHREWSBURY. 


PELARGONIUMS    ZONAL 

Single,   rouble    and   Ivy   Leaved,    in    12   fine   varieties,    12/- 
per  dozen;    12  choice  varieties,   20/-  per  dozen.     Carriage 

paid  for  cash  with  order. 

Catalcgue  of  Florists'  Flowers  and  Hardy  Border  Plants 

free  on  application  to 

JOHN      FORBES      (Hawick),      Limited, 

The     King's     Nurserymen, 

HAWICK,     SCOTLAND. 


GARDEN      NETTIiNG. 

Strong  small  mesh.  50  by  1  yd.,  5  6;  50  by  2.  11  -  ;  50  by  4. 
£1:  100  by  1  yd..  11/-:  100  by  2.  £1:  25  by  8,  £1.  New 
nettings,  ^-in.  6d. ;  do.  i-in.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  steam 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  1  quality.  7id. ;  No.  2  quality,  6d. 
squaie  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr.  paid,  pass,  train. 
1  hold  the  lartest  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  Write  for  large  list. 
W.   OLIVER  ALLEN,  Net  Maker.   Porthleven,    Cornwall. 

Telegrams:   Oliver  Allen,  Porthleven. 


EDDY'S     NETS 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS. 

For    Fruit    Protection.       Square    and  Diamon 
Mesh.     All  kinds  and  sizes. 

TENNIS     BOUNDARY     NETS. 

All  widths  and  lengths. 

TENNIS     NETS. 

Various  qualities. 

REPAIRED     NETS. 

All  sizes. 

NETS     FOR     ALL     PURPOSES. 


Samples  and  List  of  Prices  from  the  Manufacturers 

JOSEPH     BENTLEY,    Ltd. 
BARROW-ON-HUMBER. 

(Sole  Proprietors   of  B.  EDDY  &' SONS.) 

ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUI 

Post  iFree   on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS 

The  finest  stock'in  the'Jcountry. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD 


ABUNDANCE 

OF  FRUIT 


only  possible  if  insect  pests 
are  destroyed. 


SAVE  VOUR   CROPS 


and  Flowers  from  damage  by  using 


COOPERS 

HORTICULTURAL 
REMEDIES 


NICOTINE    (V2|    FLUID 

No  finer  Spring  and  Summer  Wash 
Destroys    Apple  and    Pear  Sucker.  Apple.  Plum, 
Rose  and  olher  aphides.  Mussel  Scale  larvae,  ana 
American   Blight. 
In  Qts.,  j,  1.  2.  5.  20  and  40  galls. 

A.    S.    FLUID 

For   Spring    and    Summer   Use 
Kills  Aphis.  Apple  Sucker  and  Young  Scale  Insects. 
Economical  for  large  Orchardisls. 
In  1.  S.  20  and  40  galls. 

MILDEW    (  V2  K  )   FliUID 

For    Rose.    Strawberry   and    other  Mildews,    also-: 

Strawberry  Leaf  Spot. 
"HIGHLY  COMMENDED^    rward    of  the 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  for  Rose  Mildew. 
In  Ql.  Tins;  X.  2,  5,  10  and  40  gall,  casks. 

ARSENATE  of  LEAD  PASTE 

Destroys   Lcaf-eaiing   Caterpillars.  Codling  Moth 
Caterpillar,  Saw  Fly  larvae.  Pear  and  Chciry  Slug 
and  other  chewing  insects. 
In  1.  2.  5,  10.  20.  50  and  100  1b.  Packatfes. 

TOMARITE 

A  Non-Poisonous  Spray  Fluid 

For  prevention  and  eradication  of  fungous  diseases 
on  1  omatoes.  including  leaf-rust.       Does  not  mark 
the  Fruit. 
In  Qts.,  1.  5,  and  10  gall,  drams. 

WEEDICIDE 

Rapidly  kills  Weeds  on  Drives,  Garden  Paths  and 
Gravelled    Spaces. 
In  Qts..  ).  1.  2.5,  10,  20  and  40  tfalls. 

Of  Ateolt  Everywhere.     Revised  Prices  oo  Application  to 


WILLIAM  COOPER fiiNEPHEWSL" 


CHEMICAL     WORKS,     BERKH  AMSTEO. 


May  14,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Fighting  the  pest 

You  cannot  keep  plants  in  good  health  unless  they 
are  free  from  the  ravages  of  insects  and  disease.  ^ 

Destroy  these  enemies  by  spraying  and  you  will  be 
treading  the  path  which  leads  to  gratiflcation  in 
the  garden. 

The  most  beneficial  wash  you  can  possibly  use  on 
plants  (and  vegetables)  is  Abol  Non-poisonous 
Insecticide.  It  is  perfectly  safe,  acts  as  a  partial 
manure  and  ensures  beautiful  foliage. 

Used  in  the  Royal  Gardens. 

i  pt.,  1/5;   pt..  2/5;  qt.,  4/-  ;  i  gall.,  6l6;  gall.,  11/4. 

The  National  Rose  Society  recommends  Abol  Patent 
Syringes :— No.  4,  (1x14),  19/6;  No.  5  (1x20),  24/-;  No.  6 
(Ijx  20),  30/-.  Bend  for  directing  spray  to  undersides  of  leaves 
2/4  extra. 

0/  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.     Abol  Limited, 
9,  Bcltring,  Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 

Abol    Insecticide 


Write  for 

Treatise  on   . 
Garden  Pests, 

gratis 
and  post  free. 


W.  WELLS,  Junr., 

cordially  invites  all  lovers  of 
Alpines  to  visit  his  nurseries. 
Over  600,000  plants  now  in  bloom. 

List  free  on  application. 


Hardy    Plant    Nursery, 

MERSTHAM,     SURREY. 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDE 


OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAP 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  4Ib.  and  7Ib.  tins. 

All    Packages    bear    Malier's    name,    and    the    public    are 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON     &     TEN  N  ANT,     LTD., 

Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


"^£0 


llllllllllllllllllllllll 


llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 


SEC770NAL 

G^DEN  FRAME 


PRICES. 

Type  A. — Single  Frame,  two  lights, 
size  4  ft.  by  3  It.  by  IS  in.  by  9  in.,  as 
illustrated. 

£2     9     6 

Type  A. — Double  Frame,  four  lights, 
size  8  It.  by  3  ft.  by  15  in.  by  9  in. 

£4     13     0 

ALL     FRAMES     are    sent    carriage 
forward  at  consignee's  risk. 


The  most  Interesting  and  Instructive 
Book  a  Gardener  can  get. 


THE  FRAME  WITH  SCOPE. 

Unlike  the  ordinary  bricU-built  frame — 
the  Slade  has  almost   unlimited  scope. 

It  is  portable — can  be  moved  about  from 
place  to  place  at  will. 

It  is  extensible  to  any  length,  is  draught, 
drip,  damp  and  vermin  proof,  and  having 
asbestos  sides  conserves  a  maximum  quantity 
of  natural  heat. 

BOOKLET     B 

will  inierestZyoii  and  supply  more  particulars. 

THE  SLADE  SYNDICATE  LTD.. 

(Directors:    E.    J.    W.    &    M.   W.    SLADE), 

28,  Woburn  Place,  W.C.I. 


"  Cultivation     by    Movable    Frames," 
By   Herbert  Cowlev, 

Editor  of  "  THE  GARDEN." 

\'r    Post    Free. 


CHEALS' 

DAH  LIAS 

The  best  only  in  each  section. 


New    Illustrated   Catalogue    Free. 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
The  Nurseries, 

CRAWLEY. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

Iff     K     »f 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


S^Sm    Fancy     Fern     Pans     and 
"^m  Bulb  Bowls, 

from  4d.  each. 

No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal     Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


WW«M«f)M«MlMlMWMM5 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

IS  THE  BEST  FOR  GREEN- 
HOUSES 12  TO  50  FEET 
LONG.   MADE  IN  FIVE  SIZES. 


38.000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  14,   1921. 


*^'^^^/X^^f^'^*rerTffffffffrfrff^^rKrf^^*rrrr*^l^r^f^*t^^^^M'.^r»^f^^»r»rfff^y^,t 


UFmjOYSOAP 

A  BRINGS%MORIES  OF  THE  PERFECT  BATH 


n 


nPHE  Sea  in  Summer 
■*■  time  gives  the  perfect 
bath.  But  all  the  year 
round  the  bath  at  home 
can  be  made  healthy  and 
invigorating  by  the  use  of 
Lifebuoy  Soap. 

Lifebuoy  is  more  than  an 
apology  for  the  refreshing 
tang  of  sea  air  ;  the  tonic 
buoyancy  of  salt  water.  It 
is  a  very  real  help  in  main- 
taining ideal  cleanliness  and 
health.  The  Lifebuoy  anti- 
septic odour,  fresh  as  a  sea 
breeze,  brings  health  to  the 
bathroom  and  the  home. 


H 


1/301—34 


LEVER     BROTHERS    LIMITED,   PORT   SUNLIGHT. 


I       May  14,   1021.! 


THE     GARDEN. 


Lawn 


M^     LAWN    ^ 


THE     PIONEERS     OF     ALL     THAT 
IS      BEST       IN       LAWN      MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "  SILENS 
MESSOR"  LAWN 
MOWERS. 


WORLD    RENOWNED 

OVER  A  MILLION  SOLD. 

Green's  New  Century  Lawn  Mower 

The  ideal  Mower  for  small  lawns, 
slopes,   banks, 
etc. 


Motor    Lawn    Mowers 

made  in 
Sizes     12in.    to    42in. 


May     be     had     from 

any     Ironmonger     or 

Seedsman       in       the 

United   Kingdom. 


GREEN'S 
GARDEN 
ROLLERS. 


Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


THOMAS   GREEN   &    SON,   Ltd.,  Smithfield   Ironworks,   Leeds,   and   New   Surrey   Works,   Southwark   Street,   London,   S.E.I. 


"INTENSIVE    CULTURE     IN    EVERY    GARDEN." 


THE  CLOCHE  CLIP 


PATENTED 
IN  THE  U.K. 
&    ABROAD. 

THE     CLIP    THAT     HOLDS. 

CTOR  making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants. 
*  flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.  Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used.  The  Clip  will  make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can 
be  handled  without  falling  apart. 

Ppice7-doz.  Postage  9d.  1  doz  1  -  2  doz.  3  doz.  Carriage  Paid,  Cash  with  order- 
Particulars  will  be  sent  on   application— THE   CLOCHE   CLIP  CO      Guildford    Surrey. 


PERPETUAL     CARNATIONS. 

IF  you  are  bedding  out  this  Spring   write  for  our 
Catalogue  (sent  post  free).     You'll  be  interested. 

\W  have  a  splendid  lot  of  plants  in  5-inch  pots  ready  for 
prompt  despatch.  Our  selection,  in  good  named  varieties, 
package  and  carriage  paid  anywhere  in  the  United  Kingdom, 
at  40  -  per  dozen  for  ciish  -a-ifh  unicr. 

YOUNG  &  CO.,  Gold  Medallist.,  HATHERLEY,  CHELTENHAM 


Beats  Tarred  Felt  hollow.'* 

Clean  and  easy  to  hmdle."  No 
tarrinff  or  paintinff .  Anybody  can 
&z  it.  Time  and  weatherproof. 
In  rolls,  ready  to  lay.  of  Hard- 
ware Merchants  everyT«?h<?re. 

SAMPLERS      The  Ruhei-oid  Co..  Ltd., 
Fkki:.  (IK-pt.St.  Sl.Kni^ihtriderSt-.K.C. 


A  Booklet  contain- 
ing  the  most 
Reliable  Qarden 
Requisites    for    the 


It 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


JJ 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion  of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   (post    free). 


SHADINGS 

AND 

BLINDS 


Cotton,  Canvas,  Scrim,  Tiffany  and 

Lath  Blinds. 
A.— White  Material,  .54in..  3,-  ;    72in., 
4-  yard  run.     No.  '1.  Lighter  Mesh. 
54in.,2i3;   72in.,  3i4  yard  run. 
Tiffany,     No.    2,     single,    20yds.    by 
38in.,  19/-  a  piece.      Lath,  1/4  per  square  foot. 


GARDEN 
HOSE 

Guaranteed 
for  10  years. 


RHINDHIDE,     the     best  ,  in    the    World. 

Inter,      di.im.       iin.,      ^in.,     ^in.,      I  in., 

1/9.    2.1-.    2.1^,    2/8 

per   foot    run,    in    60ft.    lengths,    pass. 

train.       Huge    Stocks.       Orders    same 

day  by  passenger  train. 

Large  range  of  Lawn  Sprinklers. 


LAW  N 
MOWERS 


Early  Delivery  this  Season.  Motor 
Mowers  delivered  in  a  few  weeks. 
£66  10,-  buys  one.  Write  for  list 
of  ithe  Best  Makes.  Get  particulars 
of  the  1921  Marvel. 


NETTING 


Strawberry  and  Wasp.  —  Selection 
"  B."  lin.  Mesh.  25  b/  8yds..  37|- 
per  piece.  Also  Tennis,  Wire.  Melon 
and  Peach  Netting. 


SPRAYING 
MACHINES 


Only       Tested       Machines       offered. 

Get     a     "  Holder-Harriden."        Both 

hands  free. 

No.  1  Hand-Sprayer 40- 

No.  5a  Knapsack       138- 


CARRIAQE   PAID  ON  £1  ORDERS  AND  UPWARDS. 


"  Le  Fruitier  " 

THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK— VET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS     CENTURY. 

AS  SUPPLIED  to  the  ROYAL  GARDENS 

"EATO.V  GAKDENS,  CHESTER. 
"  I  must  admit  that  the  GRAPES,  PEACHES  and 
MELONS  at  the  Shrewsbury  Show  were  grown 
with  the  aid  of  'LE  FRUITIER.'  I  have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that  this  fruit  class  has 
been  one  of  the  hardest  and  keenest  prizes 
competed  for  in  my  time,  and  either  of  the 
placed  exhibits  were  well  worthy  of  a  Hrst-class 
prize  anywhere. 

N.  F.  BARNES." 

Prices : 
36/-  cwt.,   19/-  Jcwt.,    10/6  28  lbs., 
6/-    14   lbs.,     3/6    7  lbs.       Bags    Free. 


W">  WOOD  &  SON  L" 


TELE 


(LATE     OF    WOOD     QREENi 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GRAMS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


THE 


(( 


BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth   "  draw 
out  '  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does   not  pinch 
or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 

Postage  Id. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


APPOINTMENT 


THE       KING. 


RANSOMES' 

LAWN    MOWERS 

"The  BEST  in  the  Worldr 


HAND  LAWN 
MOWERS  OF 
ALL  TYPES. 


Also 

MOTOR,    HORSE,   PONY 

and 

DONKEY    MOWERS. 
DELIVERY    FROM    STOCK. 

Write  for  List  No,  101  lo  : — 

RANSOMES,  SIMS  &  JEFFERIES,  LTD., 

ORWELL    WORKS, 

IPSWICH. 

Sold    by    all    Ironmongers    and    Seedsmen. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  14,    1921. 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

THE  MOST  PERFECT  *_  Jm  m  .^  ^  GREENHOUSES. 

.      GARDENS. 
.  LAWNS.  C: 


:  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY      AND      CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  «;'tme  way.  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels equallms  IScwts.).  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc, 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley.  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glriss  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  VV.  WiLKS.  Secretary. 

A   Beautiful  Free  Bonktet  S'ving  full  ftariictilar^  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard. 

BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS.  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  'Ml 

Pt-ices.  mcludiniJ  l-ags  :    Small  (about  1  bushel*.  2'3  ;    LarJe  (about  4  bushels).  6/-  ;    5  Large.  28/9  ;    10  Larg-.  55/-  ; 
20  Larjie,  100/-.         Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  ordei". 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S  Empire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use.  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Guaran- 
teed Analysis  free.     Price,  including  bags— 

14  lb.  bag,  3/3;   56  lbs.,  1 1 /6;    1  cwt.,  22/- 

Best  Yellow   Fibrous   Loam,  4/-.       Leaf  .Mould,   4/6.       Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 

Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.     Basic  Slag,  8/6.       Superphosphate,  1  2/6.     Bone 

Meal,  22/-,       Kainit  1  1/6,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda  30/-  per  cwt. 

See  Free  BonJih'i  <Ts  above  for  t)rices  of  si'ttiUci'  quantities,  alao  other  eooiis. 
WAKELEY    BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      S.E.I. 


Stimulates  the  Boil,  assists  the  functions  of  soil  bacteria 
and  corrects  acidity.  Ask  your  Seedsman,  or  write  to 
STONEBOUSE    Borl.   Dept..    WEST    BBOMWICB 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it !  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

„     .  .^    .    .,     .   ^o.r  Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

Registered  Trade  Mark  62^5.       j^  ^^jg  Fumigator  I 

Prices.— No.  1i  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft..  lOd.  each  ;  No.  2,  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  lo 
1.500  cubic  ft..  1i3  each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses   from    2.000  to  2.500  cubic  ft.,   1/9  each 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT   SAFETY  WEED    KILLER. 

FREE     FROIVI     ARSENIC. 

Simple  to  use.  very  effective,   and   moreover  is  perfectly  safe. 
Guaranteed    free    from    arsenic,    so    there    is    no    fear    of    poisoning  children,    animals. 

poultry,  etc. 

Pint    Tins    1/9    each.  1     Gallon     Drums    71-    each. 

Quart     ..        3/-        ..  .S  ..  27/6 

*Gall.    ,.       4/9  40  Casks  £8  10/-.. 


KATAKILLA 


The    perfect     insecticide    for    destroying    all     insect    pests    on 
Fruit,     Flowers     and     Vegetables. 

Destroys  Caterpillars  and   is  splendid    for   exterminating   j^reen 
fly  on  roses  and  red  spidt-r  on   cucumbers. 

KATAKILLA   IS   NON-POISONOUS 

Can  he  used  with  perfect  safety. 

If  any  difficultv  in  obtaining  supplies   locally,  please  write  for 

Price  List  and  mention    name  and  address  of  local  seedsman, 

nurseryman  or  ironmonger. 

Insist  on  McDougall's.         Refuse  Substitutes.        Avoid  Disappointment. 

McDOUGALL     BROS.,     LTD., 

66,    68,     PORT    STREET,     IVIANCHESTER.        Established  1845. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA"   L*wn  Sand  soilfumc. 

NlCOTIME.rNSi:CTICIOES.FUMERS.SPB*VS.AW>  OTHER  CHEMICALS 
»H0SuNoni£S  SttUST.  PtEASE  ASK  vouB  AGEMT  FOR  THE  Eureka 
ARTICLES -They  are  always  satisfactory    if  any  difficulty 

IN   OBTAIMING    WE  5EHD   DlBECT.    CARRIAGE  PAtO 


OnlvAdllri!!:  TOMLINSON  4  MAYWIkRD  LT?  LIHCOLW 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Garden  sbonlil  have  its    Beehive. 

Profitable,   easy   to    manage,    and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Send   for    Illustrated    Catalogue    u'l.'/i 
Adx'ice  to  Beginners — Post  Free, 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 
Welvyyn,    Herts. 


(( 


TENAX 


99     The  New  and   Most   Saccessful 

GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It  is  rapidly  taking  the  place  of  all  Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9d.,  1  /6,  3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

FOWLER'S    LAWN    SAND 

ESTABLISHED    IN     1875 

For  destroying  Daisies.  Dandelions,  Plantains,  Ribbed  Grass.  Thistles 
and    other  weeds  on    Lawns,    Croquet    Grounds.    Bowling  Greens, 
Parks,  etc.,  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  th 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass. 

Many  preparations  are  on  the  marke'  under  this  name,  but  no  article 
differs  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  money's  worth  generally. 

TO    BE    HAD    FROM     THE    TRADE    GENERALLY. 
PRICES— Tins,  1/e,  3/9,  7/-  :  Bags.  281bs.  11/-,  561bs,  21/-.  Il21bs.  39/- 
Sole    Manafacturers :     CORRY    &    CO..    Ltd..    London,   S,E1. 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


SOH 


'S 


M\^^ 


On     the    market 
for      over     40    years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over      the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      they      stand    unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every     description     of     Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 
and  Foliage  Plants,  Vegetables,  Lawns,  etc.,  etc. 
Vine,     Plant    and    Vegetable     Manure,     I  cwt. ,36/-;      561b.,     19/-;      *281b..  10/6; 
141b..  6/-;  71b.,  3/6;  Tins.    1/6. 
Special  Top. Dressing  Manure,  S61b.,  19/-:  281b.,  10/6;  14Ib..  6/-;  71b.,  3/6. 
BQff'     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLET— POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     "WI 
SOLD         BY         NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE, 


l 


Sole    Makers:      WM.     THOMSON      &     SONS,     LTD..     CLOVENFORDS.     SCOTLAND. 


Published  by  "  Country  Life. 


LiJiiTED.  at  20,  Tavistock  Street.  Strand,  W.C.J,  and  by  C.kohge  Newnes.  Li.mited._  8-11.  Southampton  Street,  Strand.  W.C: 
and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press.  55  &  57.  Drury  Lane.  London.  \V.C.2 


THE 


t.IlBT?ATRVofthe 

at  •  •  .'>.  o  1 » u«  e  tt4B 

UN  1  1121 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2583. 

Sntered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York.  N.Y..  Post  Office 


Saturday,   May  21,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN      MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17/4;    Foreign.    17M 


'  The  duty  we  owe  to  our  gardens  is  to  so  use  the  plants 
that  they  shall  form  beautiful  pictures,  and  that  while 
delighting  our  eyes  they  should  be  always  training  those 
eyes  to  a    more   e.xalted   criticism." 

—Miss  Jekvll  in  "  Colour  Scheiiie.i  for 
the  Flower  GarJeii,' 


MXtJ^KA^i 


cua 


THE     KING'S 
SEEDSMEN, 

READING. 


R  H 

S 

CHELSEA 

SHOW.         1 

Visitors      slwuld 

not 

fail      to      inspect 

our 

Floral  Display    in 

the 

Main    Tent 

facing 

the 

Royal     H  0  s  p  i 

a  I 

Entrance 

and 

our 

Vegetables 

near 

the 

centre  aisle. 

MERRYWEATHER'S     ROSES 


FOR    THE    GARDEN ! 
FOR    BEDS! 


FOR    EXHIBITION! 
FOR    EVERYWHERE! 


Also   Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 

H.    MERRYWEATHER   &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

BARR'S  CLEARANCE  SALE 

OF 

Summer  &  Autumn  Flowering  Bulbs 
at   greatly   reduced   prices. 

Alstromerias,  Belladonna  Lilies,  Anemones,  Large-flowered 
Gladioli,  Japanese  Lilies,  Montbretias,  Oxalis,  Ranunculus, 
Vallotas  and  Tuberoses. 

Di-scriptix^e  I.tst  tin  tlpplictttmn. 
11,  12  & 
COVENT  QAROEN,  LONDON,  W.0.2 


BARR     &     SONS,    Sivm   ^  "■   "~°  ""'"• 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous   habit  and  superior  constitution.       A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

IS     cordiallv     invited    to     inspect     our     immense     and     interesting     STOCK 

RAISED     BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice    Species,    Rare    Botanical    Specimens.        Albinos    in    warm   and    cool 
sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert    Advice    given    niid    all    Requisites    supplied     for     the    good    culture 

of  Orchids. 

CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO.,  "ITe^^S^" 


n. 


THE     GARDEN. 


tf 


THE    GARDEN'    CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

Tho  Champion    Decorative  Rose   Grower    of  England 

D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain. 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
or  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS     AND     FLOWER  INQ     SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.    CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  off  our 
new  and  beautiffui 
varieties  post 
Iree 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.   H.   BATH    Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Gloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.   RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  a„  Qapden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Esuta 

Cranmer  Street  and  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,   Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
off  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.   BENTLEY,   Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.i 


XL   ALL 
Trade        Fertilizers  and 
only.  Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS,    Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaliers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Garden  Requisites 
Quotations  on 
application. 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE    US 


Landscape  and 
Garden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
In  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Gardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  Interaational 
Show.  lyi:'. 


[-May   21,    1921. 

Perpetual  Flowering 

CARNATIONS 

SUPERB      STOCKS 

of  all  the  best  varieties— for 
Garden  and  Greenhouse- 
selected  plants  from  3§in.  pots 
stopped  and  brol<en.  The  un- 
dei  mentioned  collections  are 
available  at  Carriage  &  Pack- 
ing Paid  Prices  for  cash  with 
order,  guaranteed  stock:— 
'a-— J2    Distinct    Cat    Flower    Varieties,    24(. 

r«M  nA"..  7»A  n.  ''""'  &  Exhibition  Varieties,  27(6 
Coll.  No.  3a.-100  Plants  id  12  best  DisiioctVarieties.lSO/. 

FLOWERING    PLANTS    IN    6in.    POTS. 

\\e  have  limited   supplies   of  most   varieties— really   superb 

ll7.n  '"  wm"?'''"^''  ^"t  "■:'  °""  f™™  "'-  ""  '"'==■■  "carriage 
extra,  u  ill  Hower  shortly,  and  continue  for  upwards  of 
18   months. 

u  ,t  „*•-»' WOODII-The  New  Hardy  Plant. 

Halt  Fink  and  half  Carnation,  firows  anywhere  and  flowers 
perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter  The  undermentioned 
collections  are  available  at  CarriaKe  and  Packing  paid 
prices  for  cash. 

r„ii  u     ,S?"-»1''-  "»■— «  Distinct  Varieties,  11/- 

rn      iu2  5°-'? O'stinctVarietiesdncludinH 3 novelties) 23/6 

lOlt.No.Sb.— 12       „  ,.  (IncludingallS     ,.         )40/- 

CULTURAL    BOOKLET    6d.    post    free. 

FullD   Illustrated  and  descri/>tii!e   Catalogue   gladly  sent  post   free 
on  request 

t  When  yoD  Ibink  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


Coll.    No 
Coll.   No 


The  leadiDK  CamatioD  Raiiers  and  Specialists  io  the  World,  Dept.  4. 


HAYWARDS       HEATH. 


SUSSEX. 


PENTSTEMONS 


J.    CHEAL   &    SONS, 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Ltd. 


Landscape 
Qardflnors 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


BY  APPOlNTMtNT  TO  MIS  MA.JCS'n' 

71  NEWM.XN  SI-axroRDST- 
LONDON • w 

NUP^ERIES-ELSENMAM  ESSEX 


Cr^ffeiriFn  • 
Formal  Gardens  • 
V^i^es-rogntuiD's-       * 


Mr.  WM.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerraros  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


CUTBUSH'S  GIANT  FLOWERED. 

No  flowering  plant  has  come  into  greater 
prominence  during  the  last  few  years  than 
Pentstemons.  They  are  invaluable  for  Bedding 
or  for  mi.xing  in  the  Herbaceous  Borders.  The 
great  range  of  colour,  freeness  of  flowering, 
and  lasting  qualities  make  them  a  necessity 
in  every  garden. 

We  have  given  great  attention  to  improving 
this  useful  flower  and  at  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society's  trials  our  varieties  were  given  9 
Awards  of  Merit  and  3  Highly  Commended. 

No  plant  is  more  easily  grown,  they  flourish 
in  any  well  cultivated  soil. 

Plants  ready   NOW  in  pots,  from  5/-  per  doz. 
Please   ask  for  Special   List. 


A.  CECIL  BARTLETT 
318,  Kew  Road 
KEW 


landscape  Gardener 

(late  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew), 

Expert  Adviser  on 

Gardens  and 

Woodlands. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The  finest  stock  in  the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Flopists, 
Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 


WM.     CUTBUSH     &     SON, 

Florist  Flower  Department, 

BARNET  NURSERIES,  BARNET,  Herts, 

and    at    Highgate    Nurseries,    N.6. 


CHOICE  ALPINE  &  BORDER  PLANTS 

Choice    Saxifrages,    over    70    species    and 

varieties.     Sample   Dozen,  carr.  paid,  1 0/6. 

Send    for    full    list,    containing    many    New    and 

Rare   Plants,    Free. 

FREDK.    G.     WOOD,     MARSDEN     NURSERY, 
ASHTEAD,    SURREY. 


NEPETA    MUSSINl,    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII.    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and    ROCK    PLANTS    for    any   given   aspect. 

10/6  :  all  carriage  paid.     Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAUDEVIN, 

WILLASTON.    BIRKENHEAD. 


May  21,   IQ2I 


GARDEN. 


'^dt-yasr/i 


SOW   NOW— FOR    SPRING    FLOWERING. 

WKr.IiS-  WALL1''I,0\VKRS.  Tlii'  viry  fliiist  strains. 
KIVVER  FAVOnHTE.  lilood  ml;  CANARY  BIRD,  giililin 
v,ll(nv;  EASTERN'  IJUEEX,  salmon  shaded;  YVLCAN, 
v.Ivi'fy  crimson;  UNIVERSAL,  mixed;  DOUBLE,  niixid. 
Karli  8d,  and  1/-  per  pkt.  Post  tree.  Catalogue  free. — Webb 
ANl'  Sons,  Ltr.,  Tlie  Kiup's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DROXS,  Azaleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants 
Water  Lilies,  Border  Chrysanthemums,  Bedding  Plants,  Dahlias, 
Violas,  etc. — John  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
Surrey,  Twj'ford,  Berks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND   GLAZING 

■•  VITROLITE  "   superior   to    WUte    Lead    Paint,    21/-    per 

rail.     Cans   extra.      "  Plastine,"   supersedes   Putty,    36/-    per 
cwt.    Kegs  extra.     7-lb.  tins,  3/8  each;    14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 

Full  particulars  (rom  Walter  Carson  &  SONS,  Grove  Works, 

Battersea.    Af^enta  throughout  the  Country. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Eeuthe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE, 

The    only     reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 

manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  x. 


BOILERS,— I    No.    4B    "JUNIOR    ROBIN 

HOOD."     1  No.  6  "  Mona."     For  immediate  delivery.    Prices 
on    application.  —  Wm 
Tottenham,  N.15. 


DcNCAN    Tucker    &    Sons,    Ltd. 


FERTILISERS.— Lawns   (25,-),  Fruit  Trees, 

Vines  (23/6).  General  Garden  Use  (21/-),  and  all  othrr  fertilisers. 
— HV.  RlCH.\EDSON  <Sr  Co  .  Skeldergate  Bridge  Works.  Yorl<. 


SCOTCH    SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlothian 
Early,  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/-  ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6  ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6  ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6  ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Early,  4/6;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— TILLIE,  Whyte  &  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA   DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous;  a  perfect  garden 
Insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/-  ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  Imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MoDohoall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.    Established  1845. 


CHELSEA    SHOW.— LAXTONS'    STRAW- 

BERRIES  will  be  exhibited  intiie  Large  Tent,  near  the  Embank- 
ment entrance  ;  also  NEW  POLYANTH.i  ROSES,  Crimson 
Orleans  and  Pink  Delight.— Laxton  BROTHERS,  Bedford 


IF   YOU   WANT   TO   KNOW   the    best  new 

Chrysanthemunts,  Daldias,  Fuchsias,  Michaelmas  Daisies,  the 
Famous  Earlham  Montbretias,  Gold  Medal  PlUox,  Violas,  Zonal 
Geraniums,  etc.,  etc,  send  for  H,  J.  JoNES'  Catalogue,  post  free 
one  penny  stamp,  Ryeeroft  Nurseriis,  Lewisham.  8.E.13 


BURBAGE    ROSES.— New    Descriptive   List 

of  over  one  thousand  varieties,  with  handsome  coloured  plat*, 
6d.  post  free.— The  BtJRBAQE  Nurseries,  near  Hinckley, 
Leicestershire.     Established  1773. 


HOCKEY,    GOLF,    CROQUET   AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  offices  of  "  Country 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Oovent  Garden,  W.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND    FRUITS ; 

with  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Qarden).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid.— Published  at  the  Offices  of  "Country  Life," 
Ltd.,   20.  Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Harvey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2/6  net; 
cloth  3/6  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2 


BARR'S  SEEDS  for  MAY  &  JUNE  SOWING 

for    the    greenliiiuse,     llower     anil     vegetal. le     garileii.      Fine.,! 
strains  and  tested  growth.      I)eserii>ti\r  li-t    free. 


BARR'S  CLEARANCE  SALE  OF  SURPLUS 

BULBS  for  present  piaiitiu':.  A!>-tinnnTias.  Anemones.  Gladioli, 
Japanese  Lilies,  etr.  List  un  appliijitioii. — Bark  and  t^ONS. 
King  Street.  Covent  (lardeu.  Louiluii,   \V.C.2. 


THE    DOUGLAS  CLOVES.— Our   wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  DonaLAS,  Great 
Bookham. 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories,  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars.— Wilmam  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster, 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING   for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — BonLTON  &  PAUL,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Cole  &  Son,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gaIlons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  McDougail 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,   Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,  VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  Is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — Hodson  &  Son,  58,  Castlegate 
Nottingham. 

WELLS '     CHRYSANTHEMUMS.  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decoratives  for  flowering  In  the  greeiUiouse, 
November  and  December,  6/-  per  dozen.  Early-flowering 
varieties  for  planting  in  the  garden  in  May,  to  bloom  from 
August  till  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  in  25  varieties  for  30/-. 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application. — W.  Wklls  &  Co., 
Merstham,  Surrey. 


FISHING    NETS,    tanned,   small   mesh,  good 

eonilitinii.  Alumt  50yds.  by  fiyds.,  20;-  each ;  fiOyd-. 
by  lOycLs.,  30s.  each.  Carriage  paid. — H.  StonehouSE,"  .»• 
Mradowtield  Road,  Bridlington. 


IRON      FENCING,      GATES,      RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Railing,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preservation  of  Ironwork 
etc.     Catalogue  frie, — Hill  &  Smith,  Ltd.,  Brierley  Hill. 


SUTTON'S  Early-Flowering  WALLFLOWER, 

YELLOW     PHCENIX. 
This    delightful    Wallflower  will    commence    blooming   in   the 
Autumn  and  continue  througliout  the  Winter    if  the  weather 
proves  open,  and  burst  into  full  flower  at  the  advent  of  Spring. 

Per  Packet    Is  6d 
SUTTON  &    SONS,    THE    KING'S  SEEDSMEN,  READING 


CUT     FLOWERS.  —  KELWAY'S     LOVELY 

P-KONIES, — Wi'  ari'  prepared  to  book  ordi  is  for  tliisc  glorious 
tlcuvrrs.  Ready  from  end  of  May  to  beginning  of  Julv,  An 
■  iidicss  variety  of  lovely  tints,  white,  delicate  cream,  faint 
blush,  creamy  yellow,  lilac  rose,  rose  pink,  peach,  deep  rose, 
di'ep  amethyst,  cherry  red,  crimson,  maroon  and  purple.  Prices 
from  9/-  to  12/-  per  doz.  Cash  with  order.  Post  free.  The 
Pteony  is  eminently  suitable  for  home,  ballroom  and  church 
decoration,— Write  at  once  to  The  Retail  Plant  Dept,,  Kelway 
AND  Son,  Langport,  Somerset. 


A    KELWAY   BORDER   makes   a  garden  of 

enduring  beauty  from  Spring  to  Autumn  with  a  minimum  of 
cultivation  and  without  the  trouble  and  expense  of  constant 
digging  or  bedding-out.  The  plants  composing  the  border  will 
flourish  under  almost  all  conditions.— Particulars  obtainable 
from  Retail  Plant  Department.  Kelwat  &  Son,  Langport. 
Somerset, 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh,     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


WALLACE'S      GOLD       MEDAL       IRISES 

should  be  planted  now.     Our  unique  publication,  "  Irises  and 
Iris  Gardens,"  free  on  application. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 

WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free. — R.  Wallace  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Weils. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING    BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)    free.— 
MOORTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswlck. 


WATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12/6, 

carriage  paid,  dilTcr^  nt  colours;  choice  waterside  plants  10/6 
doz.,  Alpin<  a  6/-,  9/-  and  11/-  p  r  doz.,  all  different,  named  and 
post  free.  Catalogues  gratis. — BowELL  &  Skarratt,  Nurseries, 
Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S   "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  **  Sheets "  for  greenhouse  fumigation ;  safe,  effectiv* 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.— 
MoDouGALli  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 


GARDEN      NETTING.  —  Prompt      delivery. 

50vds.  bv  -tyds..  1(5/6:  :i5vds.  by  Svds..  17/6.  STOUT  NEW 
NETTING  (Tanned),  25yds.  by  4yds.,  29/6  :  50yds.  by  4yds., 
56/9.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also  Tennis  Boundary  Net*. — 
The  Gourook  Ropework  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


FOR     SALE.  —  Calanthes,     Crotons,    Palms. 

>uitable      for      decorating.      Draoienas.      ^^tc. — Apply    Hkad- 
Gakdener,  Bryaustou,  Blamlford. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS    SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — Terry  Lee,  id,  Mord*  n  Road,  Stcchford,  Birmingham. 


TENNIS  COURT   BOUNDARY  NETTING.-^ 

Fitted  with  strong  lines.     25yds.  by  2yds.,  20/- ;  25yds.  by  3yds 
26/-  ;   25yds.  by  4yd.-*.,  34/-. — Hawthorn,  Dept.  E.  Shrewsbury. 


CACTI!   CACTI !!  — Bergian    Grown,    1,250 

choice  named  varieties  from  6d.  to  £.t  each.  Twelve  all  different 
iianied,  7/-,  14/-,  21/-,  carriage  paid.  Cacti  list  free,— Cacti 
AMI  Ferns,  Table  N,  Chelsea  Show. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

by  A.  J.  Macself.  A  practical  booklet  on  the  best  methods 
of  cultivating  these  popular  flowers.  9d.  net;  by  post,  lid. 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  Country  Life,  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  MOST  OF  II'.  A  new  and  practiial  buokkl  b,v  the  late 
W.  Truelove.  9d.  net;  by  post,  lid.  Published  at  the 
Offices  of  COCNTKY  Life,  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2 


HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid. — "  Coontrt  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden.   W.C.2. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  21, 


1921. 


THE    PLANTING    &    SOWING    SEASON. 

PROTECT      YOUR      PLANTS     FROM     THE      RAVAGES      OF     SLUGS,      ETC.,     BY      USING 

PESTI  BU  X 

A     CERTAIN     REMEDY, 


NA/HAT       IS       PESTI 


U  X  ? 


A  chemically  treated  lime  compound  which  destroys  living  pests  in  their  haunts.  A  preventive  and  cure  for  "  Club 
Root"  and  "Gall  Root,"  so  prevalent  among  Cauliflowers,  Cabbages,  etc.  It  prevents  and  removes  Caterpillars  on 
gooseberry  and  all  other  fruit  trees  without  the  slightest  injury  to  foliage  or  fruit. 

It  is  the  finest  dry  powder  specific  in  existence  for  this  purpose. 

Mice,  Rats  and  Birds  are  kept  at  bay  if  Pestibux  is  dusted  about  seeds  (and  plants)  after  sowing. 

It  is  the  most  certain  remedy  yet  found  for  cabbage-root  fly,  leather  jackets,  onion  and  carrot  fly,  maggot,  snails,  slugs;  in 
fact  all  pests  that  attack  growing  plants  in  garden,  greenhouse,  field  and  orchard. 

Write  for  full  information  on  how  to  use  Pestibux,  Limbux.  Bordobus,  etc.,  to  J.  T.  EDGINTON,  ECCLESALL,  SHEFFIELD. 

Proprietors  and  Manufacturers  :      THE  BUXTON  LIME  FIRMS  CO..   Ltd.,   ROYAL   EXCHANGE,   BUXTON. 


Fighting  the  pest 

You  cannot  keep  plants  in  good  health  unless  they 
are  free  from  the  ravages  of  insects  and  disease. 

Destroy  these  enemies  by  spraying  and  you  will  be 
treading  the  path  which  leads  to  gratification  in 
the  garden. 

The  most  beneficial  wash  you  can  possibly  use  on 
plants  (and  vegetables)  is  Abol  Non-poisonous 
Insecticide.  It  is  perfectly  safe,  acts  as  a  partial 
manure  and  ensures  beautiful  foliage. 

Used  in  the  Royal  Gardens. 

i  pt.,  1/5;   pt,  2/5;  qt.,  4/-  ;  i  gall.,  6/6;  gall.,  ll/4. 

The  National  Rose  Society  recommends  Abol  Patent 
Syringes :— No.  4,  (1x14),  19/6;  No.  5  (1x20),  24/-;  No.  6 
(Ijx  20),  30/-.  Bend  for  directing  spray  to  undersides  of  leaves 
2/4  extra. 

Of  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  Iroiiiiiongers,  etc.  Abol  Limited, 
9,  Hclfring.  Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 

Abol    Insecticide 


Write   for 

Treatise  on   . 
Garden  Pests, 

gratis 
and  post  free. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants  in  Health 

7/6  net,   by   post  8/-.      A  Prospectus  of  this   practical  book 
will    be    sent    post    free    on    application    to    The    Manager, 
"  CouNTRy     Life,"     Ltd.,     20,     Tavistock     Street,     Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 

CHEALS' 
DAH  LIAS 

The  best  only  in  each  section. 

W.  WELLS,  Junr., 

cordially    invites    all    lovers    of 
Alpines    to    visit    his    nurseries. 
Over  600,000  plants  now  in  bloom. 

List  free  on  application. 

New    Illustrated    Catalogue    Free. 

J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  Ltd., 
The  Nurseries, 

CRAWLEY. 

Hardy    Plant    Nursery, 

MERSTHAM,     SURREY. 

BENTLEY'S 

Specialities 

WEED  DESTROYERS 

DAISY  KILLER  (Lawn  Sand) 

INSECTICIDES 
FUNGICIDES 
FUMIGANTS 
FERTILISERS 


Catalogue  on  application. 
Sole  Manufacturers : 

JOSEPH  BENTLEY,  Ltd. 

CHEMICAL   WORKS, 

BARROW-ON-HUMBER,  HULL. 


DUCKS,      GEESE      AND     TURKEYS,      by 

Will  Hooley,  r.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The  JIanager,  "  COITNTRY  LIFE,"  LTD.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  ■W.C.2. 


'NICOTICIDE' 

NICOTINE     FUMIGANT 

Will  effectively  destroy  those  Insects  which 
infest  and  destroy  your  Greenhouse  Plants. 

GREEN   FLY  &   BLACK  FLY,  THRIP, 

MEALY  BUG,   and    SCALE    killed  by 

'  NICOTICIDE'     Fumigant. 

PRICES : 

Pint     20/-  '-pint     10/- 

(i  ozs */-  4  ozs 4/- 

2ozs    Zi3  1  oz 112 

From  your  Nurseryman  or  Seedsman. 
Sole    Makers  : 

HUNTER  &  GOW,  Ltd.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  LIVERPOOL. 


May  21,    1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


SIMPSON'S 

SUPER-SEED 
SNAPDRAGON 

PLANTS 

Spring  Sown  trans- 
planted plants  ready 
for  immediate  de- 
livery,   1/4    per    doz. 

(if  less     than     12     of   one 

variety,    at    2/-    per  doz., 

not    less    than    6    of    any    one    variety 

supplied),   25  or  more   of   any    one 

variety  at  8/6  per   100. 

Carriage  ami  f>acking.  which  must 
be  added  to  abox^e  Prices,  as  follows  : — 
Up  to  24  planfs,  II- :  from  24  to  100 
plants.     1/6;    200    to    300   plants,    3/-, 

VARIETIES. 


Tall.  Zi-3  ft. 
FiiLTHAM  Beauty,  rose  rink, 

white  lip. 
THE     King,     orange    scarlet, 

white  tube. 
Yellow     King,     rich     deep 

yellow. 


Spring  sown  SWEET  PEA 
PLANTS,  of  up-to-date 
varieties  See  our  General 
Catalojjue,  free  on  applica- 
tion to- 


Intermediate,  l<-2  ft. 

Electra.  orange,  white  tuhe; 

Fascination.  rose  pink : 
Golden  Gem.  yelluw;  Ladv 
Roberts,   piimro-ie  ;    maize 

QUEEN      lMI»ROVED.       apricot 

chamois;  Morning  Glow  Im- 
proved, ol.i  gold ;  Prima 
DONNA,  peach  pink,  white 
tube  :  ROSEUH  Superbum. 
rose  pink  ;  KOSE  QUEEN,  pink  ; 

Sybil  eckford.  pale  apiicot 

pink  on  crenm  ground:  \\'HITE 

Queen,  white. 


W  H.  SIMPSON  &  SONS  (Dept.  2),  Nurserymen&SeedsmeD,Bitmingbam 


PELARGONIUMS    ZONAL 

Single.   Double    ard   Ivy   Leaved,   in   12  fine  varieties,    12/- 
per   dozen;    12   choice   varieties,    20(-   per  dozen.      Carriage 

paid  for  cash  with  order. 

CataL.gue  of  Florists'  Flowers  and  Hardy  Border  Plants 

free  on  application  to 

JOHN      FORBES      (Hawick),      Limited, 

The     King's     Nurserymen, 

HAWICK,     SCOTLAND. 


BIRDS  DEFIED,  tanned  netting 

As  supplied  by  us  to  the  Royal  Gardens.  In  3  qualities. 
50  by  1  yd.,  6;.,  8/6.  ll/- ;  2  yds.,  12/.,  17/-,  22/-;  3  yds.,  18/-,  25,6, 
33/- ;  4  yds.,  24/-,  34/-,  44/- ;  25  by  8  yds.,  24/-,  34/-,  44/- 

Carriage  Paid,  post  or  pass. 
HAWTHORN,     Ltd.,    Dept.     E,    SHREWSBURY. 

KSTABI.ISHED     33     VK,\RS. 


SPECIAL     OFFER. 


Perpetual  Flowering  Carnations. 

We   have  about   250  dozen  plants    for  prompt   sale  ex   pots, 
breaking  for  bloom,  ready  for  bedding  out  or  '   potting  on." 

OUR  SELECTION  from  80  of  the  best  varieties  in  cultiva- 
tion—clean, well-grown  and  all  named,  at  the  >pecial  price  of 

25/-     per    dozen 

carefully    packed    and    carriage     paid     anywhere     in     U.K. 

Terms:   Cash  with  order  only. 
If  yon  want  quick  despatch  of  good  stuff  send  your  order 
NOW.      We  shail  not  be  able   to  repeat   this  special  offer. 

YOUNG  &  CO.,  Hatherley,  Cheltenham, 

Specialists,    Gold    Medallists.         Estd.    1 890, 

Descrif^tive  Catalofiue  free  on  request. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every  Garden  should  have  it«   Beehive. 

Profitable,   easy  to    manage,   and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Semi    for    Illiisfrnted    Catalogue    u-ilh 
Advice  to  Begittncrs—Post  Free. 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd.. 
Welwyn,    Herts. 


Looks  Well— Lasts  Long 

Pluvez  Rooflns  Felt  -  a  8T«at  im- 
provement on  tarred  felt— ready  to 
lar  clean  to  haodl*— do  pajnting 
— tiine  and  weatherproof.  Soldbr 
Hardware  Merchants  everrwhera. 

ctAHPLES     The  Ruberold  Co.,  Ltd. 
Free.  (Dpt.5).  81.Knlgbtridei-St,.E.C. 


CARNATIONS  to  see  at  CHELSEA  SHOW 

Our  new  disease  resisting  variety,  "WHITE  PEARL,"  the  finest  white  in  commerce, of  delicious 
clove  perfume.  Also  should  be  noted  "LORD  LAMBOURNE  "  (deep  scarlet),  "LADY  INVER- 
FORTH  "  (salmon),  "MRS.  RICHARD  GERRISH  "  (the  new  apricot  colour),  "VIOLET  MOND  " 
(petunia    colour),  "  SHEILA    GREER  "   (orange  flecked   flame   red).     The   set  of  6  varieties  in   young 

plants  (5/-  each)   for  27/6 
Special    offer   of    12    Flowering    Plants,    old    favourite    varieties,    exti-a    size,    in   6  in.    pots,    for   36/- 

STUART  LOW  &  CO.,  Bush  Hill  Park,  Enfield,  Middx. 


33rd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYIVI'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Orders  over  3/-  post  free.      Under,  please  add  4d.  to  help  meet 
high  rate  of  postage.      Half  lots  same  rate.      1 2/-  worth  for  1 0/-. 


strong  one  yrar  old  Alpine  Pinks,  Aquilegia,  Brompton 
Stocks,  Canterbury  Bells,  Chrysanthemum  Maximum 
Coreopsis  grAndlflora.  Dianthus,  Chinese  Pinks,  Qaiilardia 
^'randitlora.  Lupins,  Sweet  Williams,  12,  1/0.    Carnations, 

pood  border  doubles,  6,  1/G. 

Strong  Spring  sown.  Ijest  varieties  procurable.  Broccoli, 
Mammutii  and  April  Queen;  Cauliflower  Early  London, 
Best  of  All  and  Autumn  Giant;  Sprouting  "  Broccoli, 
Brussels  Sprouts  Kehvay'.s  Giant,  E.vliibition.  Matchless; 
Cabbage,  r<  liest  sorts;  Coleworts,  Curled  Kale,  Asparagus 
Kale,  Leeks  Prizetaker,  Lyon,  Champion  ;  Onions  Bedford- 
shire Champion,  Giant  Zittau  and  Rocca  ;  Savoy  Best  of  All 
100,  1/9,  300,  4/6;  Winter  Qreens. 

Strong  transplanted  Vegetable  Marrows,  trailing  or  bush, 
4,  1/4.  Cucumber  Kinu  of  Kidge,  Bedfordshire  Prize,  4,  1/4. 
Cucumber  Tilegraph,  Kochfords,  best  for  house  or  frame, 
3,1/9.  Pumpkin  Mammoth  Hundredweight,  4,  1/4.  Tomato, 
large,  strong,  sturdy  plants,  sliowing  liower.  6,  1/9.  Parsley, 
12,  1/4.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint,  Marjoram,  6,  1/4.  Chives, 
20,  1/4. 

Strong  Climbers.  Passion  Flower,  hardy,  blue  and  ■white, 

2,  1/4.    Canary  Creeper,  graceful,   quick  climber,  12,   1/6, 
Cobea  scandens,  handsome,  rapid  climber,  large  purple  flowers 

3,  1/6. 

Sweet  Pea  pLants,  separate  colours,  20,  1/6.  Mixed,  best 
large  flowering,  waved,  etc.,  30,  1/6.  Pea  plants,  eating,  best 
Marrowfats,  25. 1/4. 

French  (Kidney)  Bean   plants,  25,  1/6. 

SUMMER     BEDDING. 

Strong  transplanted  plants.  Ageratum,  blue  or  mauve, 
15,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  lovely  new  colours,  12,  2/6.  Astersi 
best  doultles,  15,  1/G.  Asters,  single  Cliina,  pink,  scarlet,  crimson, 
mauve  .\prle  Mos.som,  l.'j,  1/(1.  Balsams,  double,  12,  I/4' 
Calceolarias,  6,  1/6.  Coreopsis  Brummondii,  15,'  1/6. 
Chrysanthemums,  annuals,  doubl<-  and  single,  12,  1/6.  Corn- 
flower K(dway's  blue,  12,  1/6.  Clarkia  elegans,  orange  ami 
Salmon  King,  12,  1/4.  Dahlias,  double,  single.  Colossal, 
Giant  Perfection,  Cactus,  Paeony,  Collarette  and  Crimson 
Odorata,  4,  1/4.  Echeveria  glaucus  rosettes  red  han^in" 
flowers,  4,  1/4.  Qaiilardia  Pieta,  12,  1/4.  Heliotrope  regale" 
enormous  heads  of  fragrant  bloom,  splendid  bedder,  4,  I/4'. 
Kochia  Chiidsii,  greatly  improved  summer  Cypress.  8,'  I/4! 
Larkspur,  scarlet  or  "blue,  12,  1,'6.  Lobelia,  be.st  dwarfj 
compact,  dark  or  light  blue,  from  cuttings,  20,  1/6  ;      trans- 


I)lanted  seedlings,  .".0,  2/6,  100,  4/-.  White  Lobelia  same  price. 
Marguerites  Covenl  Garden,  white,  yellow,  sulphur  or  blue, 
4,  1/4.  Mimulus,  Scarlet  Musk,  6,  1/4.  Nicotina  afflnls, 
scented  white.  Tobacco  and  crimson  Sandera',  6,  1  /4.  Nemesia 
compacta  and  Strumosa  Suttoni,  15,  1/6,  Pansies,  bf  st  large 
flowering  and  separate  colours,  12,  1/6.  Pentstemon  Scarlet 
and  large-flowering  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Petunia  grandillora  and 
Exhibition,  biautifid  colours,  enormous  blooms,  6,  1/4.  Phlox 
Drummondt,  12,  1/4.  Salvia,  Scarlet,  Pride  of  Zurich,  4,  1/4. 
Salpiglossis,  rich  colours,  12,  1-4.  Salvia  splendens  and  Glory, 
rich  scarlet,  4, 1/4.  Schizanthus  Wi-etonenis,  12, 1 /6.  Stocks, 
Ten  Week,  Mammoth  and  Beauty,  15,  1/6.  Tritoma, 
red  hot  poker,  3.  1/6.  Verbenas,  Mammoth  hybrids,  Arlcula 
eyed,  crimson  and  scarlet,  15,  1/4.  Violas,  separate  colours 
or  mixed,  12,  1,'6.  Zinnia  elegans,  very  large,  double.  Giant 
Crimson  and   grandillora   hybrids,   12,  1/6. 

STRONG,  TRANSPLANTED   PLANTS 
FOR  COOL  HOUSE. 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia, 
I'm  Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailing,  3,  1/6.  Aspara- 
gus Fern,  Piumosus,  erect,  2,  1/9.  Begonias,  Salmon  Queen, 
Rose  Queen,  Crimson  magniflca  and  scarlet  Prima  Donna, 
4,  1/4.  Begonia  Fuehsioides,  coral  pink,  3,  1/6.  Beaut] 
Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Cannas,  Crozv's  splendiA 
hybrids,  4,  1/6.  Celsia  critica,  mauve  and  vel'low,  4,  1/4. 
Cyclamen,  very  clioice  strain,  3,  1/6.  Eucalyp'tus,  blue  gum, 
6,1/4.  Heliotrope,  large  fragrant,  4,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalis 
Queen  Victoria,  scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia 
cardinalis,  beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco, 
red  or  white,  6,  1/4.  Primula  obconica,  lovely  new  giant 
hybrids,  3,  1/6.  Primula  eortusoides,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  Kewcnsis,  briglit  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Salvia  Pride  of 
Zurich,  scarlet,  4,  1/6.  Salvia  coecinea,  brilliant  scarlet, 
4.1/4.  Mother  of  Thousands,  hanging,  6, 1/4.  Schizanthusj 
Wisetoniensis,  6,  1/4.  Smilax,  trailing,  4,  1/4.  Strepto- 
carpus,  large  new  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Primula  rosea,  grandiflora. 
lovely,  1,  1/-.  Streptocarpus,  lovely  Cape  Primrose,  many 
ricli  colours,  large  tuljular  blossoms,  evergreen  peremiial,  almost 
perpetual  flowering,  a  gem  for  pots,  3,  1/6.  Cobea  scandens, 
handsome,  rapid  climber,  large  purple  flowers,  3, 1/6.  Gloxinias, 
started  biUbs,  2,   1/4. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  plants  for  house  or  garden,  suiumer, 
autumn  or  %\inter  flowering,  mixed  colours,  6,  1/6. 

Celery,  Kelway's  Giant,  solid  white  and  pinli,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ready  for  trench,  .50,  2/-,  100,  3/-. 


summe:r    bedding    catalogue    now    ready. 


MRS.    PYM,    F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 

SUNDIALS 


BIRD 

TO 


BAT  H  S,       VAS  ES 

BEAUTIFY     YOUR     GARDEN. 


SANDERS    & 


Write    now    (enclose    stamp)    for    Illustrated    Catalogue    C. 
CO..     GARDEN     CRAFTSIWEN.     36S,     EUSTON     ROAD,     LONDON,      N.W.I. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  well-iilustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  LAURENCE  J.  Cook, 
Is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  la 
published  at  the  offices  of  **  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE    DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST  FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A,  Ckoxton  Ssuth.  A 
copy  of  tliis  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Codntry  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,  CJovent  Garden,  W.C.2, 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  21,   1921. 


_  iilliiliiiiilliiilliiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilll 

I  DO  NOT   FAIL 

=  TO     SEE 

I  RYDERS 

^  AT    THE 

I  CHELSEA    SHOW 

=  Where  we  are  exhibiting  the 

I   NEWEST  and   BEST 

I  EARLY -FLOWERING 

I  IRISES, 

I  LILACS,        AZALEAS, 

I  RHODODENDRONS, 

I  CLUSTER     ROSES, 

I  FORCING      SHRUBS, 

I  HYBRID     LUPINS, 

E  ETC. 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN 

=  SEEDS,  BULBS,  PLANTS, 

=  TREES      AND      SHRUBS. 

=  Tools  and   Garden   Sundries. 


IIIIJ= 


ALL  LISTS  FREE  FROM 


I    RYDERS  (Seed Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS    | 

:  I  Ryder  &  Son  (1920)  Ltd.)  = 

imilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIlT^ 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  & 
CRISP,  LIMITED 


IRISES 


«^OR 


JUNE     HI.ANTING. 


in- 


We  grow  large  stocks  of  over    i  50 
varieties    of  the    Perennial    Irises, 
eluding  the  elite  of  the 

GERMANICA,       AMOENA, 


NEGLECTA, 

PLICATA, 

VARIEGATA, 


PALLIDA, 

SQUALENS, 

TALL, 


INTERMEDIATE  &  DWARF 
SECTIONS. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  containing  also  details 
of  our  COLLECTIONS  of  PERENNIALS, 
ALPINES,  AQUATICS,  etc.,  f,ee  on  application. 


The  Nurseries,  TWYFORD,  Berks. 


Dept. 


New  Seedling 
Wichuralana  Rose 

"YVONNE" 

Awarded  the  GOLD  MEDAL  of  the  National  Rose 

Society,  July,    1920;   also   the   CORY   CUP   fjr  the 

Best  New  Seedlins  Climbin?  Rose,  1920. 


Full  descriptive  ROSE  CATALOGUE 
Post  Free  on  application. 


This  superb  variety  will  be  found  a  worthy 
addition  to  the  Wichuraiana  section.  It  has 
delightful  glossy  foliage,  which  is  niildew- 
proof.  Very  neat  pretty  buds,  perfection  in 
shape,  the  flowers  are  carried  in  large  loose 
trusses  of  blooms,  which  are  thrown  well 
away  from  the  plant.  Its  wonderful  lasting 
propei'ties  when  cut  combine  to  make  it  a 
very  graceful  rose  for  all  decorative  purposes. 
Colour,  a  charming  soft  shade  of  pinU,  with 
deeper  pink  centre  and  yellow  base,  pro- 
duced freely  from  July  to  September,  and 
sweetly  scented.  In  every  way  an  exquisite 
variety,  exceedingly  vigorous  in  habit 
of  growth,  most  suitable  for  arches,  pergolas 
and  screens. 


STRONG    PLANTS    in    48s    pots. 

Price     lOs.    6d.    each.  Three    for    30s. 

Will     be    ready     for     distribution 

early  in  June,    1921. 

FRANK     CANT    &    CO., 

(dept.  a,) 

Braiswick  Rose  Gardens,  COLCHESTER. 


r 


CLIMBING  PLANTS 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS 
ROSES 

FRUIT  TREES 
BULBS 

We  specialise  in  the  above 
cultures  .and  spare  no  expense 
in  producing  the  very  best  ; 
still    our    prices   are    moderate. 


Catalogues  free  on  application. 


PENNELL  &  SONS, 


LINCOLN. 


ESTABLISHED       1780. 


Notes   From   Maidstone. 


APPLE     BLOSSOM. 


Very  seldom  have  our 
apple  trees  been  more  laden 
with  flower  than  this  season. 
In  our  trial  orchard  of  300 
varieties,  only  4  trees  are 
flowertess.  The  prospects 
of  a  good  apple  crop  are 
therefore,  so  far,  promising, 
and  those  who  would  like 
to  learn  a  little  more  about 
these  fruits,  and  also  Pears, 
should  purchase  "  The 
Handbook  of  Apples  and 
Pears,"  by  Mr.  E.  A. 
Bunyard,  which  any  book- 
seller will  supply  for  716, 
or  which  can  be  sent  by 
post  for  Sj-,  by — 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd. , 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


W«¥ViM>MM 


For  all  Garden  Construction, 

Improvements  and  Planting, 

consult 

CHEALS' 

who  will  have  Special 
EXHIBITS     at    the 

CHELSEA 
SHOW 

both  outside  and  inside. 
Catalogues  on  Application. 


J.  CHEAL  &  SONS,  V^- 

The  Nurseries, 
C   R  A  \A/  L  E  Y. 


MlM^HMWAMM^ 


No.  2583.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


[May  21,  1921. 


SHOWS    AND    HOW    TO    PROFIT    FROM    THEM 


UNDOUBTEDLY  the  greatest 
annual  event  in  the  gardening 
world  is  the  Spring  Show  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  at 
Chelsea.  This  great  exhibition 
focusses  the  attention  not  only  of  the  keen 
garden-lover,  but  of  many  people  who  at 
other  times  of  the  year  may  not  be  as 
vigorously  interested  in  gardening  matters. 
With  a  view  to  stimulating  the  interest  of  all 
our  readers  in  this  Show,  whether  they  are 
able  to  visit  it  or  not,  we  think  we  shall  be 
rendering  the  greatest  service  to  all  con- 
cerned by  publishing  in  this  issue  articles 
which  indicate  the  lessons  that  may  be 
learned  at  Chelsea,  or,  indeed,  at  any  exhibi- 
tion of  flowers.  To  many  visitors  the  Show 
is  bewildering  in  its  magnitude  and  in  the 
multiplicity  of  plants  to  be  seen.  There 
is  far  too  much  to  see  in  one  afternoon, 
and  visitors  should  not  attempt  to  see  the 
whole  exhibition  in  so  short  a  space  of  time. 


It  should  be  remembered  that  the  plants 
seen  at  the  Show  are,  in  the  main,  specially 
grown  and  selected.  By  careful  cultiva- 
tion they  are  brought  up  to  a  very  high 
state  of  perfection.  Think  of  the  time, 
trouble  and  expense  with  which  the 
plants  that  appear  at  Chelsea  have  been 
produced.  Nurserymen  and  seedsmen  have 
not  spared  themselves.  Each  has  given 
of  his  best  in  his  efforts  to  produce  some- 
thing which  is  as  near  perfection  as  skill 
can  make  it.  Both  buyer  and  seller  alike 
are  dissatisfied  if,  after  the  visitor  has  been 
impressed  and  has  given  orders,  he  is 
subsequently  disappointed  because  the 
plants  are  unsuccessful  in  his  o^vn  garden, 
and  do  not,  within  reason,  compare  with 
what  was  seen  at  Chelsea.  More  likely 
than  not  the  fault  is  the  buyer's,  but  most 
people  are  inclined  to  put  the  blame 
where  it  should  not  rest.  The  nurseryman 
wants    the    customer    to    be    completely 


satisfied,  for  that  means  a  continuance 
of  orders.  If  the  visitor  merely  allows 
admiration  of  a  beautiful  plant  at  Chelsea 
to  tempt  him  into  ordering  it  without 
proper  consideration,  he  is  courting  disaster. 
The  conditions  necessary  to  the  welfare 
of  the  plant,  such  as  soil  and  situation, 
should    be    taken    into    account.  The 

visitor  should  ask  himself  if  the  plant  he 
admires  can  be  grown  effectively  in  the 
surroundings  which  he  has  at  command. 
In  common  fairness  he  should  not,  later  on, 
blame  the  grower  when  the  responsibility 
for  failure  should  rest  on  his  own  shoulders. 
All  this  may  be,  and  indeed  is,  obvious,  but 
unfortunately  it  occurs  far  too  frequently 
and  injures  buyer  and  seller  aUke.  We  ask 
salesmen  to  suffer  a  little  well^  meant 
advice.  Do  not,  in  anxiety  to  sell,  over- 
step the  bounds  of  wisdom.  For  example, 
a  rare  plant  which  requires  special  cultiva- 
tion   and    will    not    thrive    equally    well 


A     HAPPY     SELECTION     OF     FLOWERING     PLANTS. 


248 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May 


1921. 


anywhere,  should  not  be  described,  as,  say, 
"  ideal  in  a  sunny  situation  "  at  one 
moment  to  one  enquirer,  while  a  few 
moments  later  another  prospective 
customer  is  informed  that  it  is  "  just  the 
plant  for  a  shady  garden." 

There  is  no  need  to  enlarge  on  the  moral  ; 
we  need  only  point  out  that  the  two 
enquirers  may  compare  notes  later  on, 
and  the  result  will  be  no  more  to  the 
advantage  of  the  grower  than  it  will  be 
to  that  of  the  purchaser  should  the  plant 


than  reck  shrubs  and  grow  only  a 
few  inches  high.  Though  valuable  in 
some  positions,  they  would  be  out  of 
place  in   others. 

Few  garden-lovers  realise  so  fullv  as 
they  should  the  enormous  opportunities 
of  beautifying  their  gardens  that  are 
afforded  by  a  wise  selection  of  sonre  of  the 
many  new  and  rare  trees  and  shrubs. 
The  varieties  of  flowering  shrubs  on  view 
at  Chelsea  will  be  worth  the  closest 
attention.       Many     sermons     have     been 


YUCCAS    FLOURISH    BEST    IN    RAISED    BEDS.      THE    EFFECTIVE    BORDER    ILLUSTRATED    IS    EDGED 
WITH    VARIEGATED    MINT    AND    THE    GREY    FOLIAGE    OF    ARTEMISIA. 


fail  in  consequence  of  advice  that  ought 
not  to  have  been  given. 

As  an  educational  feature  the  rock 
gardens  at  Chelsea  are  worthy  of  careful 
study  and  emulation.  Of  late  vears 
more  attention  has  been  given  to  construc- 
tion than  to  the  plants  which  find  a  home 
among  the  rocks.  Both  aspects  demand 
equal  consideration.  We  have  seen  in- 
stances of  gardens  with  rocks  jutting  out 
on  grassy  slopes.  The  effect  is  natural. 
Such  a  rock  garden  is  appropriate  on  the 
outskirts  of  a  wild  or  meadow  garden, 
but  it  does  not  always  afford  a  suitable 
home  for  alpine  flowers,  even  though  it 
may  provide  evidence  of  masterly  grasp 
and  carefully  finished  work. 

Of  trees  and  shrubs  it  is  certain  that 
Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  will  be  repre- 
sented in  great  numbers,  and  thus  will 
afford  valuable  object  lessons.  The 
Rhododendron  is  the  most  beautiful  of  all 
evergreen  flowering  shrubs.  Although 
not  generally  credited  with  the  virtue, 
it  is  one  of  the  best  for  a  town  garden  and 
will  thrive  in  the  heart  of  the  most  crowded 
city.  But  whatever  the  situation  for 
which  the  Rhododendron  is  required,  the 
visitor  to  Chelsea,  in  addition  to  noting 
the  colours  of  the  varieties,  should  take 
their  height  into  account.  There  are 
many   new   species   that    are    little    more 


preached  on  the  "  distressing  results  of  the 
mixed  shrubbery,"  but  greater  efforts 
are  still  needed  to  win  garden-lovers  to  see 
better  ways  of  planting  and  association, 
and  of  inducing  them  to  discover  for 
themselves  how  many  trees  and  shrubs 
of  rare  charm  there  are. 

There  is  always  a  great  desire  to  see  the 
Orchids  at  Chelsea.  The  colours  of  banks 
of  :  Orchids  on  exhibition  quite  baflle 
description,  and  visitors  crowd  to  see  them. 
Those  who  are  really  keen  on  Orchids 
will  spend  many  hours  among  them,  but 
the  visitor  who  has  no  interest  in  green- 
house plants  of  any  description  may  lose 
time,  which  could  be  put  to  better  use,  in 
waiting  to  get  a  glimpse  of  a  rare  exotic 
that  has  for  him  no  special  interest. 
There  is,  as  we  have  already  pointed  out, 
far  too  much  to  see  in  the  time  available. 
For  this  vital  reason  visitors  should 
decide  beforehand  what  they  most  want 
to  see  and  learn  and  not  allow  them- 
selves to  be  led  astray  by  mere  admiration 
of  beautiful  things  even  though  the 
temptation  is  great. 

The  teaching  value  of  a  great  exhibition 
should  be  sound  :  indeed,  this  is,  from  our 
point  of  view  the  chief  reason  for  holding 
an  exhibition  at  all.  At  the  same  time, 
a  show  may  teach  us  what  not  to  do. 
In  our  opinion  one  of  the  weakest  features 


in  some  previous  Chelsea  Shows  has  been 
the  formal  gardens.  Some  exhibits  have 
been  overburdened  with  pillars,  arches  and 
pergolas.  We  admit  the  desire  of  the 
exhibitor  to  show  examples  of  all  he  can 
provide,  but  there  can  be  no  excuse  for 
glaring  instances  of  badly  proportioned 
pergolas  and  overdone  crazy  pathways. 
The  old  formal  garden  was  very  beautiful. 
We  have  observed  a  tendency  in  recent 
years  to  revert  to  formal  gardening 
at  the  expense  of  the  more  natural 
style  that  has  for  so  long 
held  sway.  That  the  formal 
garden  of  the  "  bedding  out  " 
style  will  again  become  popular, 
we  do  not  for  one  moment 
believe,  neither  do  we  wish 
to  see  it.  But  where  the 
visitor  has  the  creation  or 
improvement  of  a  formal  garden 
in  view  he  should  not  overlook 
the  importance  of  proportion 
and  environment. 

It  is  important  that  the 
visitor  should  be  armed  with 
notebook  and  pencil,  especially 
where  the  colour  of  flowers  is 
concerned.  It  is  impossible 
to  carry  colours  in  the  mind's 
eye  accurately.  Delphiniums, 
for  instance,  will  be  shown  in 
great  variety,  and  unless  exact 
notes  are  taken  on  the  spot 
there  may  be  left  on  the 
mind  a  false  impression  that 
a  certain  variety  is  pale  blue, 
:Jj^  whereas,       in      reality,      it      is 

j  lavender  :  or  memory  may    say 

ii  deep   blue,    whereas    the    note- 

book would  record  purple. 
Such  confusion  might  end 
disastrous^  in  a  garden  where 
colour  effect  is  aimed  at.  It 
is  not  safe  to  trust  one's  mem- 
ory in  regard  to  colours,  as  so 
many  have  discovered  to  their 
cost  when  introducing  plants 
for  colour  schemes  in  the  flower  garden. 
One  important  lesson  that  shows  have 
to  teach  is  that  some  of  the  most  beautiful 
effects  can  be  produced  from  seed  in  a 
comparatively  brief  space  of  time. 
Schizanthuses,  Cinerarias.  Primulas,  Sal- 
piglossis  and  so  on  provide  a  wealth  of 
colour.  Let  the  visitor  gaze  upon  these 
banks  of  beautiful  flowers  raised  from  seed, 
and  then  let  him  consider  the  possibilities 
of  his  own  garden.  Even  at  this  time  of 
the  year  one  may  scatter  the  seeds  of 
annuals  broadcast  in  the  borders,  and  by 
so  doing  ensure  a  display  this  summer. 
This  is  a  point  to  dwell  upon,  as  by  this 
means,  although  from  one  or  another  cause 
some  work  has  been  left  undone,  the  garden 
need  not. remain  unattractive,  but  can  be 
made  beautiful  this  year. 

There  are  many  other  valuable  lessons 
to  be  learned  at  Chelsea — many  good  things 
to  be  seen,  new  things  in  garden  equipment, 
ingenious  or  useful  tools — but  we  cannot 
even  indicate  all,  and  it  must  suffice  to 
direct  attention  to  them.  If  the  visitor's 
eyes  are  open  and  he  is  ready  to  learn 
his  own,  and  not  another's  lesson,  he  will 
gain  much  useful  and  satisfying  knowledge. 
We  heartily  recommend  every  reader  to 
visit  this  greatest  horticultural  show  in  the 
world.  No  garden-lover  will  be  able  to  say 
the  time  has  been  misspent. 


May  21,  1921.]  THE     GARDEN.  249 

THE  WORLD'S  LARGEST  HORTICULTURAL  SHOW 

In  Past  Years  its  Magnitude  has  Betvildered  many  Visitors.      It  ivill  do  so  again  unless  Looked  at  Wisely. 


ROSES    FROM    THE    RIGHT    STANDPOINT 


THE  spirit  which  animates  the  average 
garden  owner  at  a  flower  show  is  much 
the  same  as  that  in  which  the  gentler 
sex  approach  bargain  sales.  There  is 
so  much  that  may  be  purchased.  The 
goods  are  temptingly  arrayed.  The  crowded 
atmosphere  of  the  show  induces  an  excitement 
which  dulls  aU  sense  of  proportion  and  values. 
Some  level-headed  people  who,  normally,  are 
fully  aware  of  just  what  they  want  and,  what  is 
far  more  rare,  why  they  want  it,  become  possessed 
by  the  curious  mental  obfuscation  which  seems 
inseparable  from  the  exotic  atmosphere  of  a  flower 
show.  They  are  dazzled  and  fascinated  by  what 
they  see,  and  buy  w-ith  no  thought  of  the  morrow 
They  finally  drag  their  weary  limbs  and  minds 
away  from  the  show  conscious  that  they  have 
ordered  a  number  of  new  Roses,  but  just  how  many 
or  what  sorts  or  why  there  is  no  clear  knowledge. 


In  due  course  the  new  Roses  arrive,  probably 
heralded  by  the  bill,  which  travels  quicker  by  post 
than  do  the  bushes  by  rail.  Then  arises  the 
inevitable  question  :  Now  I  have  these  new  Roses, 
what  am  I  to  do  with  them  ?  Places  are  found 
for  them  and  there  they  are,  for  good  or  ill,  planted; 
but  not  because  these  particular  Roses  are  really 
required  there. 

Lucky  Accidents. — if  it  should  happen  that 
the  enforced  choice  of  place  is  successful,  well  and 
good,  though  it  is  no  real  credit  to  the  owner, 
but  rather  in  the  nature  of  a  "  lucky  accident." 
I  am  acquainted  with  a  few  gardens  that  are  built 
up  on  lucky  accidents,  and  have  seen  more  which 
possess  attractive  features  which  also  are  un- 
doubtedly lucky  accidents.  But  such  success 
cannot  be  the  source  of  lasting  pleasure  to  the 
owners  of  these  gardens,  who  must,  and  I  believe 
do,   realise   that   they   do   not   deserve   this   good 


fortune.  No  matter  what  one's  sentiments  in 
this  matter  may  be,  it  is  most  unwise  to  bank 
on  lucky  accidents  and  trust  that,  somehow,  all 
will  be  well  in  the  garden.  The  really  satisfying 
garden  is  the  result  of  studied  plans — not  neces- 
sarily scale  plans,  all  set  out  with  mathematical 
exactitude,  but  a  definite  knowledge  of  just  what 
one  wants  and  being  content  with  none  other. 

This  is  the  spirit  in  which  one  should  go  to 
Chelsea.  One  should  go  well  aware  of  what  one 
particularly  wants  to  see  and,  if  possible,  spend 
most  of  the  available  time  inspecting  these  features. 
A  good  general  view  of  the  Show  can  afterwards 
be  made  with  enjoyment,  all  the  greater  because 
of  the  knowledge  that  the  prime  object  of  the 
visit  has  been  attained.  Then,  instead  of  taking 
away  a  jumble  of  floral  impressions,  more  fatiguing 
even  than  an  Academy  neckache,  the  visitor  will 
depart  fresh  and  full  of  that  contentment  which 


ANVllIl.NG     l;ur     A     LUCKY     AliUjLM. 
It  is   obvious  that  the  planning  of  this  garden  received  careful  consideration. 


250 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  21,  1921. 


follows  the  successful  accomplishment  of  a  self-set 
task. 

The  Better  Way. — -Though  perhaps  not  obvious, 
the  attainment  of  this  is  really  easy.  One's 
Rose  desire  at  the  moment  is,  say,  the  selection 
of  a  comparatively  new  variety  of  Rose  to  plant 
a  moderate-sized  bed  in  a  fairly  prominent  position 
in  the  garden  and,  as  colour  effect  is  needed, 
it  is  decided  to  fill  the  bed  with  one  variety  only. 
This  Rose  will  certainly  be  discovered  in  one  of 
the  large  stands  of  decorative  sorts  somewhere 
about  midway  along  the  exhibit.  The  smaller 
vases  and  the  boxes  of  exhibition  blooms  at  the 
front  will  be,  for  the  time  at  any  rate,  ignored, 
because  size  and  absolute  perfection  of  form  are 
not  the  principal  qualities  one  seelvs.  Our  ideal 
Rose  for  this  purpose  must  be  as  perpetual  in 
character  as  possible,  so  that  the  pleasure  of  the 
bed  may  be  enjoyed  over  a  maximum  period, 
and  for  this  one  searches  the  Hybrid  Tea  varieties. 
The  particular  shade  of  colour  is  already  decided, 
so  one  must  look  for  such  points  as  dark  green. 


leathery  foliage  (which  resists  diseases  far  better 
than  soft  green  leaves),  robust  habit  and  a  suffi- 
ciently full  bloom.  The  last  point  is  rather  impor- 
tant, as  it  ensures  lasting  qualities  in  the  flowers — 
the  loosely  made  bloom,  though  delightful  to  look 
at  when  just  at  its  best,  is  all  too  quickly  over. 

These  same  exhibits  will  provide  excellent 
opportunities  of  selecting  sorts  for  planting  a  new 
Rose  garden  proper,  where  Roses  and  Roses  only, 
or  at  any  rate  associated  only  with  low,  carpeting 
plants,  are  to  be  considered  The  generous  masses 
of  the  decorative  Hybrid  Teas  give  splendid 
opportunities  of  studying  colour  values  and 
grouping,  and  it  is  quite  reasonable  to  assume 
that  any  sort  which  is  displayed  in  quantity 
blooms  freely.  1 1  is  also  among  the  massed  blooms 
that  will  be  discovered  just  the  right  half-dozen 
sorts  for  planting  in  the  shrubbery — a  delightful 
place  for  growing  quite  a  number  of  Roses  which 
has  not  been  explored  by  many  gardeners.  For 
this  purpose  the  shapely  bloom  is  not  at  all 
the    desideratum.      It    is    rather     vigorous    habit 


and  decided  shades  of  colour  that  will  be 
sought. 

For  the  best  varieties  to  plant  the  pergola  or 
the  more  humble  Rose  arch  which  leads  to  another 
part  of  the  garden  it  is  to  the  groups  of  Polyantha 
Roses  at  the  Embankment  end  of  Chelsea  grounds 
that  one  goes.  There  in  the  open  air  and,  one 
hopes,  in  sunshine,  a  leisurely  choice  may  be  made. 
There  are  other  directions  in  which  the  visitor 
should  look,  but  he  should  do  so  with  a  clear 
eye  on  the  point  at  which  he  is  aiming.  In  doing 
this  there  is  little  likelihood  of  mistake. 

Then,  after  noting  the  names  of  the  Roses  that 
appeal  most,  it  is  always  wise  to  ask  the  opinion 
of  the  man  in  charge  of  the  exhibit  before  making 
a  final  decision.  These  men  know  Roses,  and 
while  they  are  always  ready  and  willing  to  book 
orders  for  the  newest  new  Rose  at  new  Rose  prices, 
they  would  rather  sell  you  the  most  suitable  varie- 
ties for  your  immediate  purpose  and  in  so  doing 
know  that  they  have  secured  a  satisfied  customer 
who  will  be  a  regular  buyer. 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN    AND     ITS    POSSIBILITIES 


IT  is  not  merely  because  discomfort,  insepar- 
able from  heated  tents,  sends  the  visitor 
at  Chelsea  into  the  open  air  occasionally 
that  the  rock  garden  exhibits  attract  as 
much,  if  not  more,  attention  than  any  other 
feature  of  the  great  show.  In  themselves  they 
represent  the  real  thing  as  stand  exhibits  cannot 
do,  and  they  stimulate  desire. 
Wonder  and  admiration  are 
provoked  by  imagination  of  the 
quickness  with  which  these 
attractive  representations  of  the 
garden  have  been  improvised 
at  Chelsea  in  positions  which 
a  few  weeks,  perhaps  bare  days, 
before  were  trod  by  the  old 
pensioners  of  the  Royal  Hospital. 
One  incidental  lesson  which 
may  be  learned  is  that  where 
speed  is  necessary,  though  it  is 
not  desirable,  it  is  possible  to 
make  a  rock  garden  in  almost 
any  desired  position  with  very 
little  time  at  disposal.  But 
this  is  the  least  useful  purpose 
of  the  exhibits.  In  the  following 
article  an  effort  has  been  made 
to  set  forth  other  purposes  that 
may  be  served. 

It  has  been  most  truly  said 
that  not  many  years  ago  it 
was  exceptional  to  find  a 
rock  garden  worthy  of  the 
name  in  any  but  the  largest 
of  our  private  gardens.  To-day. 
however,  a  garden  of  any 
appreciable  dimensions  is  not 
considered  complete  unless  it 
contains  at  least  a  portion 
devoted  to  the  cultivation  of 
alpines.  In  other  words,  we 
are  all  rock  gardeners  nowa- 
days, and  the  Chelsea  Show 
affords  us  the  greatest  possible 
encouragement  in  perfecting  our 
knowledge  and  art.  BOLD 

Judging  from  the  results,  the 
exhibitors  themselves  often 
approach  the  construction  of  such  gardens 
from  different  standpoints.  Some,  who  are  out 
for  business  in  the  sale  of  plants,  subordinate 
picturesque  arrangement  to  a  lavish  display  of  well 
grown  alpines.     Others,  with  an  eye  solely  for  the 


pictures  presented  on  many  a  moorland  and  hillside, 
concentrate  their  attention  on  an  exact  and  faithful 
reproduction  of  one  such  picture,  leaving  the 
planting  to  the  imagination.  Such  an  effort  is 
highly  commendable  from  the  point  of  view  of 
the  artist  who  does  not  desire  a  garden.  Before 
such  efforts  one  pauses  in  wonder  at  the  intimate 


EFFECTS    ARE    BEST    OBTAINED    BY    THE    USE 
RUGGED     STONE. 

and  sympathetic  feeling  the  designer  has  for  the 
beautiful  in  Nature.  But  it  is  not  gardening 
any  more  than  a  well  painted  picture  of  a  rock 
and  water  scene  is  a  garden  picture.  It  is  just 
copying,   or  perhaps   idealising  Nature  in  one  of 


her  more  beautiful  aspects.  The  lessons  suggested 
by  the  two  types  we  have  described  are,  from  the 
first,  that  the  rock  and  the  picturesque  effects 
it  can  be  made  to  produce  is  to  the  plantsman 
pure  and  simple  of  negligible  importance  ;  from 
the  second,  that  if  one  desires  Nature  simple  and 
unadorned,  it  is  better  to  leave  it  to  Nature  to 
achieve  her  own  effects  and 
enjoy  them  in  situ. 

The  third  example  is  the  one 
that  unites  with  the  aim  of 
presenting  the  charms  of  a 
little  bit  of  hillside  or  moorland 
scenery  the  interest  of  suitable 
vegetation  growing  as  nearly  as 
possible  under  natural  conditions 
but  used  with  a  due  sense  of 
restraint.  In  such  efforts  the 
rock,  water  and  plants  form  a 
triple  alliance  that  unite  in  a 
general  harmony  of  purpose 
to  please  by  its  general  effect, 
and  interest  by  its  development 
of  detail. 

First  the  picture  as  a  whole. 
Every  rock  garden  has  one,  or 
at  most  two,  main  points  of 
approach.  From  a  given  point 
a  well  defined,  carefully  con- 
ceived view  should  be  pre- 
sented in  such  a  way  that 
it  will  create  a  tlirill  of  sensuous 
satisfaction.  The  eye  will  take 
in  nothing  very  definite  in  this 
first  glimpse,  and  the  sensation 
will  be  rather  one  of  ledii.g 
that  here  is  a  picture  than  of 
seeing  it.  In  perspective  drawing 
we  should  call  this  the  "  view 
point,"  and  in  designing  the 
picture  one  goes  to  work  in 
exactly  the  same  way  as  in 
selecting  a  subject  for  painting. 
The  method  is  to  select  the 
scene,  emphasise  the  salient 
points  and  idealise  the  whole. 
Soften  down  a  little  harshness 
here,  tone  down  a  little  crudity 
of  colour  there,  bring  out  strongly  striking  features 
and  suggest  lightly  the  minor  details.  Just  so 
one  constructs  the  rock  and  water  garden  picture. 
If  it  is  a  large  one,  it  may  contain  a  dozen  such 
pictures  ;    a  small  one  may  permit  of  only  one. 


OF 


May  21,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


251 


but  they  will  each  be  subject  to  one  single  line 
of  development.  In  each  there  must  be  one 
dominating  feature,  reproduced  as  naturally  as 
possible,  in  which  the  picture  centralises.  It 
may  be  a  water-worn  face  of  rock  whose  mossy 
fretted  surface  is  covered  with  Ferns,  and  from 
which  oozes  water  escaping  from  the  crevices 
and  forming  still,  shadowy  pools  at  its  base. 
It  may  be  that  through  a  softer  strata  the  water 
has  in  the  course  of  ages  worn  a  cave-like  hollow 
and  in  its  bottom  a  basin.  In  its  damp  crannies 
Mosses  and  Ferns  have  found  a  home,  and  the 
water  splashes  from  above  into  a  natural  basin 
of  its  own  creation.  From  ledge  to  ledge  it  tumbles 
until  it  reaches  the  meadow  slopes  below,  and  then 
winds  its  way  through  green  banks  besprinkled 
with  dainty  moisture-loving  plants.  Along  its 
course  occur  at  intervals  irregular  masses  of  rock, 
some  of  which  thrust  themselves  across  its  way 
only  to  impede  its  progress  for  a  moment  by 
holding  up  a  widening  pool,  for  eventually  the 
water  finds  a  crevice  or  hollow  and  escapes  and  so 
goes  on  its  way. 

Another  pretty  effect  is  obtained  by  the  water 
finding  its  way  from  the  upper  levels  of  a  rock 
ledge  and  trickling  or  gushing,  according  to  its 
volume,  down  the  rock  face. 

With  either  of  these  as  the  main  motif  of  the 
rock  garden  scheme  the  general  disposition  of 
the  remainder  must  be  such  that  all  the  lines  are 
in  harmony  and  look  as  if  they  formed  part  of 
one  concerted  whole. 

So  much  for  the  general  effect,  and  now  for  the 
method  of  achieving  it.  Obviously  the  material 
will  play  a  very  important  part.  The  stone 
used  can  make  or  mar  the  picture.  The  best  is 
old,  weathenvorn,  from  which  crudity  of  outline 
has  disappeared  by  the  action  of  thousands  of 
years  of  exposure  to  the  elements.  Colour  is 
purely  a  matter  of  taste.  Broadly  speaking, 
limestones  are  the  most  satisfactory  because  so 
many  alpine  plants  love  them.  Equally  picturesque 
effects  can  be  obtained  with  some  sandstones, 
however.  Grey  limestone  is  the  easiest  to  use, 
principally  because  its  colour  hurts  nothing.  By 
itself  the  effect  is  cold  and  hard,  and  it  only  gives 
its  best  when  lit  by  flowery  colour  and  softened 
by  vegetation.  Whatever  the  stone  used,  it 
should  be  placed  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  same 
relation,  piece  to  piece,  that  Nature  has  used  it. 
Concerning  design,  if  success  is  only  reached  by 
imitating  Nature,  obviously  in  an  effort  to  reproduce 
an  effect  that  is  to  be  found  in  the  stone  that  is 
being  used  design  is  inclined  to  look  after  itself. 
Broadly  speaking,  the  successful  design  may  be 
summarised  under  six  points  :  i.  The  picture  pre- 
sented in  the  approach  must  be  good.  2.  Access 
must  be  given  by  paths  and  steps  to  all  important 
features.  3.  Paths  that  lead  nowhere  and  steps 
ascending  to  nothing  should  not  be  introduced 
in  the  rock  garden  at  home.  At  a  show  they 
sometimes  appear  as  a  suggestive  bit  of  con- 
structional work.  4.  Whenever  possible  water 
should  be  introduced  into  the  scheme  for  the 
sake  of  the  life  it  gives  and  the  chance  it  offers 
of  adding  immeasurably  to  the  beauty  of  the 
whole  as  well  as  widening  the  range  of  vegetation 
that  can  be  cultivated.  The  water  area  should  be 
strictly  in  proportion  to  the  remainder  of  the 
design.  It  must  not  be  so  small  as  to  look 
insignificant  nor  so  large  as  to  create  an  effect  of 
much  water  and  some  rock.  5.  The  water  should 
be  crossed  at  one  point  (or  more)  so  that  the  most 
pleasing  of  all  views,  that  looking  up  or  down 
stream,  is  not  lost ;  but  such  crossings  should  be 
the  natural  connection  of  two  paths,  6.  The 
planting  areas  should  be  arranged  suitably  for 
the  class  of  plant  to  grow  therein,  or, 
where  tlie  demands  of  general  effect  imposes 
restrictions  in    this    respect,    as    it    will    in  some 


few  areas,  the  plant  life  introduced  should  be 
such  as  will  thrive  under  the  conditions  that  are 
possible. 

The  rocks  and  water  do  not  alone  constitute 
the  picture.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  they  are  but  its 
Outline   together  with  some  measure  of  its  light 


permum  may  be  worth  twenty  odd  and  various 
specimens  dotted  about  in  the  space  it  would 
occupy  and  looking  less  happy  than  a  mixed  crowd 
at  a  race  meeting  in  a  thunderstorm  where  all 
the  favourites  have  "  gone  down."  If  space  is 
limited,    the   best    plants    only    should    be    used. 


COLOUR   AND   OUTLINE   OF   STONE   ^L\Y   RLAKE    OR    MAR.       WITHOUT    THEM  EVEN   THE 
BEST   CHOICE   OF   PLANTS   DOES   NOT   PRODUCE   A  PLEASING   PICTURE. 


and  shade.  They  form  the  body,  beautiful,  it 
is  true,  but  lacking  the  spirit  of  life  that  the  plants 
alone  can  give,  or,  in  other  words,  the  rock  garden 
before  planting  can  be  a  beautiful  monotone, 
which,  planted,  becomes  a  delightful  study  in 
colour. 

The  plants  are  of  at  least  equal  importance 
to  the  construction,  because  it  is  they  that  make  it 
the  garden.  Nevertheless,  it  should  not  be  allowed 
to  become  merely  a  botanical  collection  by  the 
indiscriminate  crowding  of  innumerable  subjects. 
Having  carefully  completed  the  drawing  of  the 
picture  by  the  constructional  work,  lay  on  the 
colour  of  planting  with  a  careful  hand  so  that 
each  assists  and  unites  with  the  other.  Common 
and  rampant  plants  should  be  used  only  in  the 
least  important  and  more  spacious  areas.  Choice 
and  particularly  beautiful  specimens,  whether 
rare  or  otherwise,  should  be  brought  near  the  oft- 
trodden  path  so  that  they  do  not  escape  notice. 
Alpine  and  rock  shrubs  judiciously  used  are  an 
imperative  necessity,  should  be  used  freely,  but 
with  a  due  sense  of  proportion,  Alpine  plants  that 
love  the  higher  and  drier  conditions  should  not 
be  planted  near  the  water,  or  at  least  not  in  moist 
places,  A  ledge  of  rock  overhanging  the  water 
may  sometimes  be  as  dry  as  one  far  removed  from 
it.  Such  plants  as  demand  moist  conditions 
should  only  be  planted  where  they  will  get  them. 
Variety  is  desirable,  but  not  at  the  expense  of 
picturesque   effect.     One   broad   sheet   of   Lithos- 


not  necessarily  the  most  rare,  but  always  the  most 
beautiful.  If  the  area  for  planting  is  large, 
plant  freely  of  everything,  but  always  with 
discrimination.  Proportion  is  the  keynote  of 
success. 

These,  then,  are  the  points  to  note  in  the  rock 
garden,  and  which  are  exemplified  in  the  best 
exhibits  as  far  as  the  artificial  restrictions  will 
permit.  Its  faithfulness  as  an  interpretation  of 
a  selected  fragment  of  Nature's  own  beautiful 
production.  The  absence  of  a  sense  of  newness 
and  artificiality  in  its  construction.  The  suitability 
of  the  design  to  garden  conditions,  and  the  skill 
and  restraint  with  which  the  plants  are  chosen 
and  used. 

At  shows  perfection  is  unattainable  owing  to 
the  conditions  under  which  they  are  held.  The 
effects  produced  are  invariably  seen  in  a  false 
light.  The  ever-moving  crowds,  lack  of  the 
essential  seclusion  and  repose,  often,  too,  lack  of 
suitable  background,  detracts  from  the  best 
conceived  and  most  skilfully  executed  picture. 
Moreover,  so  long  as  the  only  recompense  the 
exhibitor  can  gain  towards  repaying  his  expenses 
is  an  academic  award  of  no  intrinsic  value,  there 
must  inevitably  be  the  temptation  to  use  such  an 
exhibit  as  a  convenient  method  of  displaying 
plants  that  sell.  For  this  reason  the  lessons  to 
be  learnt  at  the  Chelsea  Show  regarding  construc- 
tion are  often  more  valuable  than  those  regarding 
planting  the  rock  garden. 


252 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  21,  192 1 


BORDER    FLOWERS  AND  THEIR  COLOUR  HARMONIES 

opportunities   Present    Themselves   in    every   Garden  for  Arranging  Plants  in  Beautiful  Colour  Effects  that  give 
Delight  to  all  who  see  them.       There  is  no  Mystery  and  tio  Particular  Difficulty   in    the   Art,  zvhich   needs    but 

Careful  Forethought  to  Ensure  Success. 


A     FAMOUS     EXAMPLE     OF     PRACTICE     EQUALLING     PRECEPT. 


[To-day  almost  every  garden-lover  is  a  "  colour- 
schemer" — -odious  word.  Useful  and  enduring 
lessons  may  be  learned  at  the  Chelsea  (and,  indeed, 
at  any  other)  Show  if  the  discerning  gardener  will 
but  make  notes  of  the  flowers  which  in  his  or  her 
opinion  blend — and  clash  !  No  two  minds  think 
alike  in  this  respect,  but  there  is  one  mind  above 
all  others  that  has  revolutionised  the  garish  notions 
of  former  years,  and  that  mind  is  Miss  JekylTs. 
Her  plans  and  ideas  have  led  to  a  new  under- 
standing and  appreciation  of  colour-masses,  so 
arranged  as  to  produce  pictorial  effect,  rather  by 
well  arranged  harmonies  than  by  violent  contrasts. 
The  following  article  from  Miss  JeliyU's  pen  will, 
we  hope,  assist  our  readers  in  taking  full 
ad\antage  of  the  Show  in  relation  to  any  colour- 
plan  they  may  have  in  mind — Ed.] 

WE  have  one  of  the  great  shows  near 
at  hand  ;  for  those  who  care  for  good 
colour  arrangement  it  will  be  an 
opportunity  for  observing  good  things  of  fine 
colouring  and  for  noting,  then  and  there,  how 
they  may  best  be  used  to  the  bettering  of 
the    garden.       Those    who    have    already     given 


some  attention  to  the  working  out  of  good 
colour  harmonies  in  the  garden  will  never 
abandon  this,  one  of  the  most  copious  sources 
of  enjoyment  and  interest  among  the  flowers. 
For  to  such  persons  it  is  not  enough  to  have 
good  flowers  in  plenty,  even  though  this  may 
be  a  joy  to  the  many,  but  their  better  and  more 
thoughtful  use  brings  a  deeper  and  wider  means 
of  enjoyment,  for  it  carries  with  it  something  of  the 
artist's  joy  of  creation.  A  mere  collection  of  the 
finest  plants  is  like  having  a  box  of  the  best  paints. 
If  they  are  put  out  without  thought  or  consideration 
of  arrangement  they  are  like  the  dabs  of  paint  on 
the  artist's  palette — nothing  more,  though  each 
plant  or  each  lump  of  paint  may  have  its  own 
beauty  as  an  individual.  But  to  those  of  us  who 
may  wish  to  carry  our  gardening  a  step  further, 
who  desire  to  convert  the  dabs  of  paint  into  a 
picture,  a  careful  study  of  the  value  of  colour 
harmonies  may  be  earnestly  recommended.  .'\ud 
the  doing  of  it  intelligently  is,  after  all,  only 
perceiving  and  taking  advantage  of  natural 
laws.  It  will  be  found  that  harmony  of  colour 
enhances  glorious  effect,  whereas  discord  or  opposi- 
tion   only   make   something   jangling    or    chaotic. 


Let  anyone  try,  in  a  large  flower  border  where 
both  hardy  and  summer  flowers  are  used,  such  a 
combination  as  dark  claret  and  blood  red  Holly- 
hocks, with  some  of  the  best  of  the  old  decorative 
Dahlias  of  rich  reds,  with  a  more  subdued  inter- 
planting  of  Atriplex  hortensis  or  Ricinus  Gibsoni, 
and  let  the  nearer  planes  of  the  border  have 
Gladiolus  Brenchleyensis,  scarlet  Phloxes.  Lychnis 
chalcedonica.  Lobelia  cardinalis  and  scarlet 
Pentstenions.  with  Snapdragon,  dark  red  with 
dark  foliage,  and  a  groundwork  of  Iresine,  and  see 
the  rich  glory  of  the  effect. 

It  is  only  indoors  and  at  quite  short  range 
or  in  quite  restricted  spaces  that  it  is  well  to  use 
colour  in  contrasts.  I  have  on  my  table,  within 
hand-reach,  a  bowl  of  Myosotis  dissitiflora  and 
yellow  Alyssum  ;  seen  close  like  this  each  colour 
intensifies  the  other,  but  if  these  two  plants  were 
placed  alternately  in  a  bed  out  of  doors  and  seen 
from  a  distance,  the  effect  would  be  but  poor. 
Even  at  the  length  of  a  room  a  bowl  of  Nasturtiums 
of  harmonising  tints  of  deep  yellow  and  orange 
would  be  better. 

Summer  Flowers  Carefully  Arranged.— It  has 

been  one  of  the  pleasant   tasks  of   the  garden   to 


May  21,  1921.] 


THE  '  GARDEN. 


253 


provide  for  the  use  of  the  summer  flowers — the 
tender  things  that  were  formerly  called  bedding 
plants.  A  space  of  ground  of  triangular 
shape,  with  a  boundary  of  high  wall  on  one 
side  and  of  low  walls  on  the  other,  is  devoted 
to  these  plants.  As  the  wide  end  of  the 
triangle  would  have  been  too  broad  a  space 
for  good  effect  and  convenient  working,  a  sort 
of  raised  backbone  was  put  up,  consisting  of  a 
double  low  dry  walling  filled  in  with  good  garden 
soil.  At  the  end  where  the  triangle  contracts, 
the  dry  walling  swings  in  to  the  path  on  both  sides, 
so  that  the  whole  of  the  small  end  is  of  raised 
borders.  These  ends  and  the  axial  backbone 
are  planted  with  Yuccas,  Crinums  and  Phormiums 
that  stand  well  up  and.  with  their  more  solid  aspect, 
make  a  good  background  to  the  softer  plants. 
These  are  grouped  in  good  harmonies  of 
colour.  In  the  immediate  foreground  there 
is  a  wide  drift  of  the  pretty  yellowish  white 
Gladiolus  Lily  Lehmann,  with  yellow  and  white 
Snapdragons,  pale  yellow  Cannas  and  variegated 
Maize.  All  this  patch  of  white  and  yellow  is 
bordered  by  a  favourite  mixture  of  the  useful  old 
variegated  Mint  (Mentha  rotundifolia),  the  pure 
lemon  yellow  Calceolaria  amplexicatUis  and  the 
golden  foliage  of  P>Tethnuu  Golden  Feather. 
These  are  informally  mixed ;  the  Mint,  which 
would  have  grown  too  tall,  has  been  several  times 
pinched,  and  the  bloom  of  the  Calceolaria  is  led 
up  into  it  so  as  best  to  show  its  bright  pale  yellow 
colouring. 

Towards  the  further  corner,  nearer  the  arch, 
the  colour  changes,  passing  through  palest  pink 
of  Geranium,  Gladiolus,  Pentstemon  and  Snap- 
dragon to  soft  reds.  Further  round  the  colour 
deepens  to  fullest  reds,  with  ruddy-leaved  red 
Cannas,  scarlet  Lobelia,  Geranium,  Pentstemon 
and  dwarf  Dahlias,  with  accompanying  foliage 
of  deep  red  Ricinus  and  Iresine,  the  same  kind 
of  colouring  with  different  plant  arrangement 
being  here  on  both  sides  of  the  path.  Further 
on  again  the  colouring  comes  back  to  the  tender 
pinks,   leading  to  yellows  and  whites,   the  whole 


distance  at  the  narrow  end  of  the  triangle  being 
a  good  mass  of  Yuccas,  with  a  groundwork  of 
Heliotrope,  Ageratum,  and  an  interplanting  of 
pale  pink  Ivy-leaved  Geranium  and  Sweet  Alyssum. 
A  flowering  mass  of  Solanum  iasminoides  is 
seen  to  advantage  against  the  weather-boarding 
of  a  barn,  and  the  back  of  a  double  border  of 
grey,  purple,  pink  and  white  colouring.  Here 
there  are  pink  Hollyhocks,  with  large  groups  of 
Echinops,  and  Clematis  Jackmannii  trained  over 
on  stout  Pea-sticks,  Gypsophila,  Lavender,  the. 
purple  Delphinium  Consolida,  Ageratum,  light 
and  dark  purple  China  Asters,  with  pink  and  purple 
Gladiolus  and  white  Snapdragons  and  Pent- 
stemons,  the  whole  being  intergrouped  with  the 
grey  foliage  of  Artemisia  Ludoviciana  and  A. 
Stelleriana. 

A  Border  of  Lupine  and  Iris. — ^Tne  middle 
days  of  June  bring  the  perfect  bloom  of  the  Flag 
Irises  and  the  perennial  Lupines,  Where  a  space 
can  be  given  to  these  and  a  few  other  kinds 
of  flowers  of  the  season  a  complete  picture  of 
flower  beauty  may  be  had.  The  border,  part 
of  which  is  illustrated  in  colours  in  this 
issue  is  on  two  sides  of  a  narrow  path.  It  is 
backed  on  the  right  by  a  hedge  of  flowering  shrubs. 


and  on  the  left  and  at  the  end  by  a  hedge  of  Yew. 
It  is  carefully  arranged  for  colour.  On  the  left 
it  begins  with  a  bold  patch  of  Anchusa  Opal, 
with  the  white  bloom  masses  of  Olearia  Gunnii 
at  the  foot.  These  are  followed  by  blue  and  white 
Lupines  in  separate  patches  ;  then  pink  China 
Roses,  blue,  purple  and  white  Irises,  and  masses 
of  blue  Crane's-bill  and  Catmint,  with  white 
Pinks  and  Pansies  to  the  front.  Next  come  tall 
pale  yellow  Irises  to  the  middle  and  back,  grouped 
with  Lupine  Somerset  and  Golden  Privet,  a  capital 
thing  for  clever  use  in  this  way.  The  colouring 
then  passes  by  deeper  yellows  to  some  of  the 
Irises  of  the  squalens  section  of  rich  red  purples, 
with  red  purple  Lupines,  a  harmonious  quality 
of  colour  being  provided  towards  the  front  by  a 
grouping  of  Incarvillea  Delavayi,  with  a  setting 
of  the  deep  reddish-leaved  Heuchera  Richardsoni. 
By  now  the  end  of  the  border  is  reached,  and  there 
is  a  group  of  white  Tree  Lupine  with  tall  spires  of 
Asphodel  and  pink  China  Roses.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  the  return  border  on  the  right  is  the  fine 
pink  Iris  pallida  Queen  of  the  May,  with  white 
and  rosy  perennial  Lupine  and  a  front  planting 
of  pink  Pinks,  and  so  on  again  through  pale  yellows 
to  clear  lilacs  and  purples,  pinks  and  whites. 


Trees    and    Shrubs    for    all    Purposes 

Advice,  which  will  he  Helpful  Alike   to    Those   who  Visit   Chelsea 
and    Those    who   are    Prevented  from    Going,    is    Given    in    the 

Following   Article. 


WHATEVER  the  soil  may  be  our 
gardens  may  be  made  attractive 
the  whole  year  round  by  selecting 
the  right  kinds  of  shrubs.  There 
are  certain  shrubs,  like  the  Rock 
Roses,  Brooms,  including  the  Spanish  Broom,  that 
flourish  in  the  poorest  of  stony  soils.     A  peat  soil 


is  not  essential  for  Rhododendrons  ;  they  thrive 
in  any  soil  so  long  as  it  does  not  contain  lime. 
There  are  beautiful  climbers,  like  Clematis  and 
Wistaria  for  clothing  walls,  arches  and  pergolas 
others  like  the  Hydrangea,  Sweet  Bay  and  Lemon- 
Scented  Verbena  suitable  for  growing  in  tubs  for 
terrace  or  formal  garden.      Again,   there  are  low 


RHODODENDRONS    IN    A    WELL    CHOSEN    SITUATION. 
The  glory  of  the  masses  of  bloom  is  enhanced  by  the  great  Cedar  in  the  background. 


254 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  21,  1921. 


growing  shrubs  like  Cistuses  suitable  for  over- 
hanging rocks  or  growing  by  the  side  of  stone  steps. 
Trees  and  shrubs  for  all  purposes  can  be  selected 
from  those  at  Chelsea.  The  trees  for  park,  wood- 
land and  specimen  planting  will,  of  necessity,  be 
young  examples,  but  fully  large  enough  to  judge 
of  their  habit  and  future  requirements. 

It  is  always  Azalea  and  Rhododendron  time 
at  Chelsea.  No  matter  how  few  may  be 
the  exhibits  of  Clematis  or  Roses  and  other 
shrubs,  one  can  always  feel  confident  that  at 
the  Chelsea  Show  there  wUl  be  glowing  masses 
of  Azalea  Mollis  of  the  latest  and  most 
gorgeous  colours ;  that  the  fragrant  Ghent 
varieties  in  fiery  orange  and  delicate  shades  of 
pink  and  yellow  will  be  present  in  quantity  to 
•delight  the  eye  and  refresh  the  mind.  Then,  in 
addition,  there  will  be  the  newer  hybrids  between 
these  two  types — hybrids  which  seem  to  have 
taken  some  of  the  size  of  bloom  from  one  and 
blended  it  to  vigour  of  growth  and  grace  of  spray 
of  the  other. 

At  the  shows  such  brilliantly  coloured  shrubs 
are,  as  one  may  say,  self-supporting  in  their 
effects  ;  but  in  the  garden  and  woodland  what 
help  one  can  give  them  and  how  wonderfully 
beautiful  are  the  effects  that  can  be  made  by 
proper  associations  !  The  Azalea  garden  at  Kew, 
where  the  bushes  are  set  in  ample  green  sward 
and  surrounded  by  soft-foliaged  trees,  artists  go 
to  paint  and  remain  to  silently  sit  and  admire,  so 
entrancing  is  their  loveliness. 

For  such  planting  one  could  purchase  any  of 
the  varieties  or  even  seedlings  and  not  go  wrong, 
for  they  all  harmonise  in  such  surroundings. 
For  woodland  planting  discrimination  is  needed. 
A  small  group  composed  of  the  shades  of  one 
colour  is  wondrously  captivating  on  the  borders 
of  a  thin,  old  Beech  wood.  At  the  end  of  a  vista 
several  plants  of  a  vivid  colour  are  needed,  while 
if  they  wUl  be  seen  suddenly  and  at  moderately 
close  range  one's  choice  would  fall  on  the  softer 
pinks  or  the  satisfying  bufi'-orange  shades. 

The  rarer  Azalea  Ksempferi  varieties  will  be 
seen  in  increased  numbers  at  this  year's  Show. 
This  species  is  best  known  to  garden  lovers  in 
the  form  of  ages-old,  stunted  Japanese  specimens. 
Who  can  say  what  its  colour  should  be,  except 
that  it  should  be  rosy  of  some  hue  or  in  combination 
with  purple,  set  off  by  yellow  anthers.  New 
varieties  in  shades  of  crimson,  soft  terra-cotta 
and  yellow  will  no  doubt  be  shown  next  week, 
and  these  are  particularly  suited,  by  their  dwarf, 
alpine-like  habit,  for  planting  in  the  rock  garden, 
as  well  as  in  small  beds  with  other  low-growing 
shrubs.  Besides  its  great  value  in  outdoor  schemes, 
it  is  an  excellent  cool  greenhouse  plant  and  forces 
moderately  well. 

The  Lilac  season  is  drawing  to  a  close,  but 
there  will  be  sufficient  of  the  relatively  new  later- 
flowering  sorts  for  those  who — and  who  does 
not  ? — wish  to  prolong  the  season  of  this  most 
fragrant  shrub.  These  will  mostly  be  double- 
flowered  sorts  which  are  so  handsome,  though 
they  somewhat  lack  the  delicious  perfume  of 
the,  to  us,  300  years  old  common  Lilac,  Syringa 
vulgaris,  which  always  blooms  well  if  properly 
treated.  When  buying  named  varieties  one 
should  insist  on  having  them  on  their  o\vn  roots 
and  steadfastly  refuse  grafted  or  budded  plants 
which  always  disappoint. 

It  is  really  time  that  some  enterprising  nursery- 
man brought  his  Clematis  trained  more  naturally 
than  the  balloon  shapes  one  associates  with  this 
flower  at  Chelsea.  Then  we  could  judge  better 
of  its  habit  and  vigour  and  also  its  suitabDity  for 
any  special  purpose  in  mind. 

While  we  hardly  expect  to  again  see  such  a 
number  of  old  Wistarias  growing  in  the  native 
tubs   as  were  at  the  International  Exhibition  iu 


ic)r2  and  which  possessed  colours  not  before  seen 
in  this  country,  yet  this  most  wonderful  of  all 
hardy  climbers  is  sure  to  be  there  to  remind  us 
of  its  value,  lest,  seeking  after  newer  plants,  we 
overlook  it. 

One  of  the  best  shrub  features  of  Chelsea  is 
always  the  wonderful  Japanese  Maples,  and 
nowhere  else  can  they  be  studied  so  readily. 
Sometimes  one  feels  rather  at  a  loss  with  them 
unless  one's  purse  and  garden  permit  of  a 
collection  ;  but  for  a  low  garden  vase  at  the  end 
of  the  terrace  or  any  place  where  flowers  are 
scarcely  needed  the  brilliantly  coloured  forms 
are   particularly  valuable.     Another   most   appro- 


priate place  is  in  a  shrubbery  bed  where  the 
ordinary  flowering  shrubs  are  excluded.  This 
can  be  made  most  uncommonly  attractive. 

Chief  among  the  many  shrubs  suitable  for 
covering  walls  and  fences  will  be  found  the 
Ceanothus.  The  one  we  know  best  is,  of  course, 
C.  Veitchianus,  which  almost  gives  the  rich  blue 
colour  of  C.  rigidus  in  longer  and  more  abundant 
racemes  of  misty,  billowy  flowers.  In  most 
gardens  this  must  be  gro\vn  as  a  wall  plant,  but 
for  the  open  ground  in  the  Midlands  and  Southern 
Counties  there  is  C.  thyrsiflorus  of  freer  growth, 
which  makes  grand  bushes  up  to  15ft.,  and  more 
in  favoured  places,  in  height. 


FRUIT     CULTURE  -  PRESENT     NEGLECT 
PREVENTS    FUTURE    SUCCESS 

To   Encourage  Fruit    Trees    to    give    us   of    Their   Best,    we    must  give   them 
of  Our  Best — In    Other    Words,   Feed  that    You  may   be   Fed. 


A  SHORT  time  back  there  appeared 
a  note  in  The  Garden  urging  gardeners 
to  give  water  generously  and  tlien  to 
give  more  water,  the  latter  with  a  view, 
doubtless,  to  getting  on  the  right  side 
of  the  fence.  The  writer  pressed  the  point  of 
upgrade  activity  in  plant  life  and  declared  that 
only  large  quantities  of  water  could  meet  the 
instant,  essential  demand.  The  reasons  given 
were  sound,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  advice  was 
widely  accepted. 

It  is  not  purposed  to  traverse  gardening  broadly 
in  these  remarks,  but  to  restrict  consideration 
to  one  section  alone — the  fruits.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
ordinary  routine  to  apply  mulchings  of  natural 
manure  to  trees  and  bushes  late  in  the  autumn 
or  early  in  the  winter,  in  one  part  because  other 
tasks  do  not  press  so  heavily  on  available  labour, 
and  in  another  part  because  a  time  can  us  .ally 
be  chosen  when  the  surface  is  so  hard  that  locomo- 
tion is  facilitated.  It  is  assumed  that  the  late 
winter  and  spring  rains  will  carry  the  food  elements 
from  the  manure  into  the  earth  to  the  ultimate 
benefit  of  the  trees.  It  is  thought,  too.  that  the 
soil  is  kept  warmer  by  the  covering,  but  this  very 
easily  may  not  be  the  fact.  If  the  mattrial  is 
not  stirred  occasionally  the  rains  may  beat  it  down 
until  it  is  impenetrable  by  water  and  air  and  the 
invarialile  result  of  such  stoppage  is  to  make  the 
soil  colder. 

Nevertheless,  autumn  or  winter  mulching  is  a 
step  in  the  right  direction.  It  is,  however, 
imperative  that  the  grower  shall  be  alive  to  securing 
the  utmost  advantage  from  it  to  his  trees.  Here 
will  come  the  immense  good  of  the  copious  water- 
ings so  ably  advocated  by  the  contributor  previously 
alluded  to.  That  is  a  work  for  the  late  winter 
and  spring  when  we  experience  such  a  season  as 
the  present  one  (my  garden  is  short  3.49ins.  of 
rain  in  comparison  with  the  fall  in  the  four  months 
to  the  end  of  .April  last  year;  6.73ius.  short 
compared  with  igrg  ;  and  2.52ins.  short  compared 
with  1918),  and  where  it  was  carried  out  with 
proper  thoroughness  the  plants  are  now  deriving 
great  benefits. 

Healthy  trees  and  bushes  draw  from  the  earth 
enormous  quantities  of  moisture,  and  to  meet  their 
requirements  it  is  necessary  to  advance  beyond 
autumn  or  winter  mulching  and  spring  watering. 
Following  the  development  of  the  blossoms  and 
leaves  there  must  come  the  swelling  of  the  fruits, 
and  it  is  during  the  course  of  this  process  that  the 
trees  call  for  the  most  direct  assistance.  In  a  dry, 
or  comparatively  dry,  season  it  is  impossible  for 
too  much  water  to  be  given  between  the  middle 
of    May    and    the    middle    of    June.     Raspberries 


and  Strawberries  which  are  literally  flooded  then 
will  produce  much  larger  and  more  luscious  fruits 
than  will  those  about  whose  roots  the  soil  has  been 
allowed  to  become  dry,  though  it  is  freely  admitted 
that  there  must  come  sun  afterwards  to  put  the 
finish  and  flavour.  And  it  is  the  same  with  other 
kinds. 

Accepting  it  as  a  fact  that  the  moisture  and  the 
food  in  its  elemental  state  are  present  in  the  soil 
at  the  end  of  May  we  are  face  to  face  with  the 
problem  as  to  how  they  shall  be  preserved  to  the 
benefit  of  immediate  and  succeeding  crops.  The 
one  thing  requisite  is  a  heavy  mulching  of  short 
manure.  This  will  do  three  different  things — 
prevent  the  waste  of  food-carrying  moisture  by 
capillary  attraction  ;  keep  the  surface  of  the  ground 
so  pleasantly  cool  and  moist  by  breaking  the  rays 
of  the  sun  that  the  most  active  of  the  root- feeders 
will  rise  to  the  congenial  stratum,  and  convey 
food  at  a  stage  when  it  is  particularly  wanted  for 
the  swelling  crops.  It  is,  indeed,  impossible  to 
over-estimate  the  value  of  an  early  summer 
mulching  of  the  nature  indicated  in  the  maintenance 
of  an  equitable  balance  between  that  which  the 
trees  draw  from  mother  earth  and  that  which  the 
grower  puts  in  as  compensation. 

Associated  intimately  with  the  inevitable 
exhaustion  of  the  energies  of  the  plant  by  its 
present  burden  and  the  conservation  of  sufficient 
capacity  to  build  up  buds  which  will  produce  the 
crop  of  next  year  is  the  number  of  individual 
fruits  that  a  tree  is  permitted  to  carry  to  ripening. 
Too  frequently  it  is  ignored  that  it  is  the  seeds, 
not  the  flesh,  in  which  these  are  embedded,  which 
make  the  first  and  most  persistent  demand  for 
suitable  sustenance.  The  grower  who  encourages 
his  mind  to  become  imbued  with  the  primary 
natural  law  governing  the  perpetuation  of  species 
realises  quickly  that  if  the  present  crop  is  to  come 
to  perfection  as  human  food  there  must  not  be 
too  many  seeds  calling  and  continuing  to  call  for 
the  support  which '  will  perfect  them.  He  must 
draw  upon  his  intelligence  to  decide  how  many 
seeds  each  tree  can  finish  while  reserving  enough 
inherent  power  to  add  the  essential  flesh  to  those 
retained  and  to  produce  the  imperative  buds  for 
the  burden  to  follow.  Thiiming  fruit,  as  carried 
out  with  sound  judgment  in  accordance  with  the 
age  and  strength  of  the  plant  and  the  availability 
of  suitable  nutrient  matter  in  the  soil  is  one  of  the 
most  important  points  directed  towards  the  end 
that  the  trees  shall  give  us  of  their  best  in  response 
to  the  best  which  we  have  given  them — in  other 
words,  that  they  feed  us  in  proportion  to  the  food 
with  which  we  have  fed  them. 

Ampthill.  W.  H.  Lodge. 


May  21,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


255 


WATCH     AND     SPRAY! 

The  Wise  Man  will  Spray  Now  and  not  Wait  until  the  Damage 

is  Made  Evident. 


WE  had  a  mild  winter,  and  suffi- 
ciently warm  weather  in  Feb- 
ruary and  March  to  foster  early 
growth  of  all  outdoor  vegetation. 
Then  came  a  snap  of  cold,  wintry 
weather  during  the  latter  part  of  April,  with  cold 
nights  right  through  the  first  part  of  May,  giving 
young  growths  a  check  that  made  them  ready 
prey  to  the  awakening  hordes  of  insects  that  the 
mild  winter  had  allowed  to  hibernate  unharmed. 
The  natural  consequence  is  that  the  need  for 
spraying  is  even  greater  tlian  after  a  normally 
severe  winter  and  a  late  spring. 

Roses  are  already  attacked  by  green  fly,  and 
delay  in  dealing  with  it  will  lead  to  vexatious  damage 
to  tlie  finest  growths  of  the  season.  One  frequently 
hears  the  remark  made  that  it  is  a  mystery  where 
green  fly  comes  from,  andthe  solution  of  the  mystery 
is  that  the  first  batch  of  the  season  hatches  out  from 
eggs  laid  on  the  stems  and  shoots  by  the  latest  batch 
of  the  previous  autumn.  Throughout  the  spring, 
summer  and  autumn,  green  fly  are  viviparous,  the 
young  being  born  alive,  but  in  autumn  again  the 
latest  generation  deposits  eggs  destined  to  perpetu- 
ate the  species.  With  these  facts  in  mind  it  will 
become  apparent  that  the  most  important  seasons 
for  spraying  are  spring,  when  the  first  batch 
appears,  and  i.i  autumn,  when  the  last  batch  will  be 
about  to  deposit  their  eggs.  If  these  two  seasons 
are  neglected  the  rosarian  will  be  pestered  through- 
out the  season  and  many  blooms  will  have  to  be 
stained  and  spoilt  by  insecticides  or  will  be  ruined 
by  the  fly. 

Preparations  for  killing  green  fly  are  so  readily 
obtainable  that  one  really  has  no  need  to  trouble 
to  make  them  at  home.  Soft  soap  quassia  and 
paraffin  play  a  principal  part  in  most  of  the  pro- 
prietary aphicides,  but  I  am  a  strong  believer  in 
adding  a  little  nicotine  to  the  emulsions.  Even 
half  a  teaspoonful  of  nicotine  vaporising  liquid 
added  to  a  gallon  of  the  wash  will  add  wonderfully 
to  its  effectiveness. 

Two  things  are  very  essential  to  success  :  first  that 
the  spraying  shall  be  done  on  a  still  day,  when  there 
is  no  likelihood  of  immediate  rain,  and  secondly 
that  the  fluid  shall  be  applied  in  the  form  of  a 
fine,  mist-like  spray.  If  there  are  a  considerable 
number  of  bushes  to  spray,  a  good  machine  is 
required,  but  for  a  half  dozen  or  a  dozen  bushes  a 
syringe  is  ample,  provided  it  is  fitted  with  a  spray- 
nozzle,  and  not  with  an  ordinary  perforated  cap 
or  "  rose." 

Had  we  no  more  difficult  pests  to  combat  than 
ordinary  green  fly,  there  would  be  but  little  writing 
to  do  under  the  title  of  spraying,  but  we  shall  have 
not  only  caterpillars,  frog  flies,  weevils,  and  other 
sucking  and  gnawing  insects  to  grapple  with, 
but  are  bound  also  to  have  some  sort  of  fungoid 
diseases. 

The  sprays  which  kill  green  fly  will  also  kill 
various  other  surface  feeding  creatures,  but  con- 
siderable difficulty  attends  the  warfa.  e  against  such 
mites  and  grubs  as  work  their  mischief  in  the  interior 
organism  of  the  plants  they  live  upon. 

The  Rose-boring  saw  fly  (PcEcilosoma  candidatum) 
cannot  be  detected  until  it  has  eaten  away  the 
pith  in  a  young  shoot,  causing  it  to  wither  and  die. 
The  wise  grower  will  take  preventive  measures 
rather  than  wait  until  damage  is  made  evident. 
The  best  preventive  is  to  spray  the  trees  with  a 
preparation  that  will  coat  the  whole  surface  of  the 
undeveloped  buds  and  shoots  with  a  film  of  some 
mi-xture  that  will  be  nauseous  to  the  saw  fly  when 
she  comes  along  to  pierce  the  epidermis  or  outer 


skin  of  the  young  shoots  to  lay  her  egg.  A  wash 
made  by  mixing  two  pounds  of  Hellebore  powder 
in  nine  gallons  of  water,  witli  a  little  Gishurst 
Compound  added  to  make  the  solution  slightly 
sticky,  will  ser\'e  the  purpose,  and  this  wash  may 
be  used  also  on  Gooseberry  and  Currant  bushes,  but 
not  within  a  month  of  gathering  the  fruit,  because 
Hellebore  powder  is  poisonous. 

The  leaf  mining  maggot  which  disfigures  the 
foliage  of  Marguerites  and  Chrysanthemums,  is 
another  pest  that  must  be  checked  before  it  obtains 
access  to  the  tissues  of  the  leaf,  where  it  will  be 
out  of  reach  of  any  insecticide. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  the  Celery  fly  maggot, 
wliich,  althougli  a  different  species,  is  akin  in  its 
life  history  and  habits.  A  very  simple  remedy,  or 
more  correctly,  preventive,  and  one  that  is  very 
effective  if  given  a  proper  chance,  is  dilute  coal  tar 
spray.  This  is  made  in  the  following  manner  : 
A  pound  of  tar  is  boiled  in  a  gallon  of  water  for 
twenty  minutes.  During  the  boiling  the  scum  that 
rises  to  the  surface  is  removed,  and  the  liquor,  when 
cool,  is  strained  into  an  earthenware  pan  or  jar. 
This  solution  may  be  used  at  a  strength  of  one  part 
in  fifty  of  soft  water.  At  this  strength  no  harm 
will  be  done  to  even  young  foliage,  but  by  spraying 
two  or  three  times  between  May  and  July  the  fly 
will  be  prevented  from  depositing  its  eggs. 

Tomato  growers  and  growers  of  many  flowering 
plants,  such  as  Salvias,  Fuchsias  and  Coleus,  are 
terribly  troubled  with  white  fly.  Fumigating  with 
nicotine  and  spraying  with  nicotine  wash  are  the 
remedies  that  have  persistently  been  recom- 
mended, but  while  many  may  be  killed  by  either 
means,  the  successive  generations  are  so  quickly 
born,  and  the  species  multiplies  at  such  a  mar- 
vellous rate  that  their  numbers  are  only  reduced 
for  a  very  few  days   at  a  time. 

Fumigation  with  nicotine  is  expensive,  and  can 
only  be  well  done  on  still  evenings  when  there  is 
no  wind.  Thus  the  fly  gets  time  for  re-establishment 
between  the  successive  fumigations. 

With  such  a  pest  to  deal  witli  the  advent  of  a  new 
preparation  is  to  be  welcomed  and  given  a  thorough 
trial,  and  any  success  achieved  should  be  given 
publicity.  This  season  a  new  insecticide  has  put 
in  an  appearance  under  the  name  of  Kilzall  Liquid 
Insecticide,  and  it  certainly  has  power  to  kill  white 
fly.  It  does  not  destroy  the  eggs  but  as  it  does  not 
harm  foliage  and  can  be  sprayed  in  greenhouses  at 
any  time,  and  outdoors  whenever  fine  and  stiU, 
there  is  every  possibility  that  by  perseverence  and 
watchfulness  for  two  or  three  weeks  one  may  entirely 
rout  the  enemy.  The  fruit  grower  has  his  own 
particular  needs  for  summer  spraying.  It  would  be 
impossible  to  deal  with  the  whole  season's  work 
in  one  article,  but  it  is  well  to  mention  a  few 
particulars  regarding  the  pests  to  watch  for  and 
sprays  to  use  during  May  and  June. 

Arsenate  of  lead  will  be  called  into  service  for 
dealing  with  the  caterpillars  of  the  eyed  hawk  moth, 
the  vapourer  moth,  clouded  drab  moth,  and  the 
green  and  brown  leaf  weevils,  all  of  which  infest 
Apple  trees  and  other  fruits.  The  currant  saw  fly 
requires  the  same  attention,  talcing  care  that  the 
undersides  of  the  leaves  get  the  spray.  Raspberries 
and  Loganberries  should  also  be  sprayed  lest  they 
be  damaged  by  the  chafers,  weevils  and  Raspberry 
beetle. 

As  a  summer  fungicide  a  good  lime-sulphur  spray 
is  very  reliable,  the  various  mildews,  rusts,  leaf- 
spot,  Apple  and  Pear  scab  being  effectively  checked 
if  not  absolutely  destroyed  by  timely  application 
of  a  well  balanced  fluid. 


It  must  always  be  borne  in  mind  that  spraying 
only  half  done  is  an  utter  waste  of  time  and  material. 
It  is  not  work  that  admits  of  hurry  or  carelessness, 
but,  with  a  good  sprayer  kept  in  tliorough  working 
order,  carefully  prepared  fluids  and  workmarship 
that  ersures  the  whole  surface  of  foliage  above  and 
underneath  being  coated  with  finest  possible  spray, 
the  work  will  be  well  repaid.  .A.  J.  Macself. 


Gardening   of  the    Week 

FOR    SOUTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Spring  Bedding  Plants  will  need  removal  as 
they  pass  out  of  flower,  and  the  ground  must  be 
prepared  for  the  summer  occupants.  It  is  necessary, 
under  certain  conditions,  to  replant  at  once,  but 
where  it  can  be  arranged  it  is  a  great  advantage 
to  clear  the  spring  material  away  and  throw  up 
the  soil  somewhat  roughly  for  a  few  days  so  that 
the  remaining  roots  of  the  late  plants  may  perish, 
and  the  soil  become  sweetened  and  aerated  before 
it  is  again  occupied.  When  removing  Tulips  and 
Hyacinths  which  have  not  completed  their  growth, 
they  should  be  carefuUy  laid  in  trenches  until  this 
is  completed,  afterwarcis  thoroughly  drying  them 
by  lifting  and  laying  out  singly  in  a  well  ventilated 
shed  or  storehouse.  Polyanthus  should  be  planted 
out  in  separate  colours  in  the  reserve  garden,  at  the 
same  time  dividing  any  which  call  for  it,  and, 
beyond  hoeing  occasionally  to  keep  weeds  under, 
they  require  but  little  attention  until  needed  once 
again  for  the  embellishment  of  the  spring  beds. 

Cannas.— These  handsome  tropical  plants  may 
be  put  out  as  soon  after  the  middle  of  the  month  as 
convenient.  .\  warm  soil  and  somewhat  sheltered 
situation  is  necessary  for  their  full  development, 
and  a  large  bed  well  placed  gives  fine  effect.  Near 
a  sheltered  deU  they  associate  well  with  the  strong 
growing  Tobacco  plant  (Nicotiana  sylvestris),  the 
scent  of  the  latter,  towards  evening,  adding  greatly 
to  the  interest.  As  dot  plants  to  relieve  the  flatness 
of  a  bedding  arrangement  they  are  also  worthy  of 
note. 

Biennials  such  as  Wallflowers,  Canterbury  Bells 
and  Myosotis  should  now  be  sown  in  drills  in  the 
open  ;  pricking  out  when  plants  are  large  enough  to 
handle. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Cucumbers. — Where  frame  culture  is  practised 
the  plants  should  be  placed  in  position  as  soon  as 
convenient,  if  possible  making  up  a  bed  of  straw 
manure  and  leaves  to  give  the  plants  a  good  start 
off.  This  is,  however,  not  strictly  essential  and 
good  results  can  be  obtained  by  adding  some 
suitable  compost  to  the  frames  where  early  vege- 
tables have  been  grown,  and  planting  at  once. 
Cucumbers  revel  in  heat  and  moisture,  so  utmost 
use  should  be  made  of  sun  heat  by  early  closing 
of  the  lights  and  endeavour  at  all  times  to  keep 
the  roots  uniformly  moist.  The  frames  should  be 
covered  over  on  all  cold  nights.  Where  small 
Cucumbers  are  appreciated  for  pickling,  a  ridge 
variety  is  very  suitable  and  may  be  grown  out- 
side upon  a  bed  of  leaves  which  have  been  thrown 
together  for  decomposition. 

Seed  Sowing.' — In  making  another  sowing  of 
Peas  it  is  an  advantage  on  light  soils  to  sow  in 
shallow  trenches  so  that  watering  and  mulching  at 
a  later  date  will  give  more  beneficial  results. 
Where  Broad  Beans  have  to  be  produced  late  in  the 
season,  the  spot  chosen  should  be  a  cool  one,  and 
the  soil  of  good  depth  and  strength.  Make  another 
sowing  of  Turnip  and  Spinach,  if  necessary,  and 
as  soon  as  the  former  is  through  the  soil,  dust  over 
with  soot  or  wood  ash  to  keep  the  fly  at  bay. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Strawberry  plants,  which  have  fruited  in  pots, 
will  give  good  results  next  season  if  planted  out 
on  a  well  prepared  piece  of  ground.  The  old  ball  of 
soil  should  be  carefully  reduced  with  the  aid  of  a 
pointed  stick,  previous'  to  which  the  plants  should 
have  received  sufficient  water  to  penetrate  through 
the  ball  of  soil.  Plant  firmly  and  spray  and  water 
until  the  plants  are  re-established.  If  attention 
cannot  be  given  the  plants  it  is  better  to  postpone 
planting  until  early  August,  meanwhile  allowing 
the  plants  to  remain  in  the  pots  in  a  cool  position, 
on  a  bed  of  ashes.  The  advantage  in  early  planting 
is  that  good  fruits  can  frequently  be  obtained  late 
in  the  same  season  of  planting. 

Gooseberries. — The  foliage  of  this  fruit  is 
frequently  attacked  by  two  enemies,  viz.,  the 
Gooseberry  saw  fly  and  the  caterpillar  from  the 


256 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  21,  1921. 


magpie  moth.    The  former  is  at  work  quite  early 
in  the  season,  while  the  latter  is  more  troublesome 
from  now  onwards.     It  is  probable  that  the  depre- 
dations of  the  saw  fly  are  often  wrongly  attribited 
to  the  caterpillar.     A  good  preventative  is  a  good 
dressing  of  lime  to  the  ground  and  trees   during 
autumn  and  again  in  spring.    Hellebore  powder  will 
also  stop  both  if  lightly  dusted  over   the   bushes. 
If  a  liquid  spray  is  preferred,  use  carbolic  soap  for 
the  fly  and  quassia  for  the  caterpillar. 
H.  Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 
Albury  Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Asparagus  Beds. — .Attention  must  be  given  to 
Asparagus  in  seed  beds,  as  it  is  essential  that 
no  overcrowding  of  the  seedlings  should  take 
place.  Stir  the  soil  between  tl.e  lines  with  a  small 
cultivator,  and  encourage  the  young  plants  with 
copious  waterings  during  dry  weather. 

Brussels  Sprouts  which  were  sown  indoors 
and  raised  in  frames  should  now  be  readv  for 
planting  out.  When  planting,  allow  ample  room 
for  the  development  of  the  plants,  as  when  grown 
on  rich  soil  they  have  a  large  spread  of  foliage. 
To  gain  the  fullest  retiu'n.  Sprouts  should  be 
allowed  a  long  period  of  growth,  giving  the  soil 
between  the  rows  a  generous  cultivation  before 
finally  drilling  up. 

Kidney  Beans. — These  may  now  be  safely 
sown  in  the  open.  Sow  the  seeds  in  drills  iSins. 
apart  and  about  .^ins.  apart  in  the  rows,  after- 
wards thinning  out  when  the  rough  leaves  appear. 
In  our  colder  district  early  sowings  often  suffer 
from  biting  winds,  so  a  warm  and  sheltered  border 
is  generally  chosen  for  the  first  crop. 

Cucumbers   in   Hot-beds   should   have   their 

leading  shoot  pinched  out,  so  that  they  may  be 
encouraged  to  spread  freely  in  the  frame.  Avoid 
overcrowding,  and  place  '  the  young  fruits  on 
slates  or  boards.  Keep  the  syringe  going  freely, 
and  close  the  frame  early,  and  so  conserve  the 
sun-heat. 

Runner  Beans  may  also  be  sown  now,  although 
it  is  more  profitable  to  wait  for  a  few  days  yet, 
as  they  are  less  hardy  than  the  dwarfs,  and  it  is 
generally  a  wise  procedure  to  sow  again  early 
in  June.  It  is  important  that  the  rows  should 
at  least  be  5ft.  apart.  Increased  production 
will  be  shown  if  the  plants  are  wisely  staked  or 
stringed. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

American  Tree  Carnations.— The  disbudding 
and  tying  of  these  will  now  claim  attention. 
Some  stimulant  should  be  afforded  the  plants 
now  that  they  are  blooming  freely,  and  so  e.\tend 
the  flowering  period  as  long  as  possible.  Fumigate 
on  the  appearance  of  aphis,  and  pick  off  any 
diseased  or  withered  foliage. 

Celsia  Arcturus.— This  is  a  fine  half-hardy 
biennial  for  the  conservatory  or  outdoor  decoration, 
the  flowers  being  bright  yellow.  If  sown  now 
it  comes  in  nicely  for  spring  flowering  indoors. 
It  is  of  shrubby  habit,  growing  usually  to  a  height 
of  2  Jft.  Celsia  cretica  is  also  useful  for  pot  culture, 
and  if  sown  now  may  be  had  in  flower  by  October' 

Begonia  Gloire  de  Lorraine.— Rooted  cuttings 
should  now  be  potted  on  into  3in.  pots,  keeping 
them  plunged  in  fibre  for  a  time.  They  enjoy  a 
light  spray  with  the  syringe  morning  and  evening. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Fruit  Trees.— Recently  planted  trees  should 
receive  abundant  supplies  of  water  during  dry 
weather,  especially  those  planted  against  a  wall, 
as  they  do  not  generally  get  their  due  share  of 
the  rains.  Where  time  and  circumstances  permit, 
they  should  be  given  a  generous  mulching  of 
rotted  manure,  preferably  from  the  cowsheds. 
This  lessens  evaporation  and  keeps  the  young 
and  not  over  plentiful  roots  cool  and  moist. 

Strawberries. — Give  a  run  over  with  the  hoe 
before  bedding  with  short  litter,  while  a  good 
watering  of  liquid  manure  may  be  given  after 
the  fruits  begin  to  swell  and  will  prove  of  much 
benefit,  to  the  crop. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Biennials. — if  not  already  attended  to.  Sweet 
Williams,  Canterbury  Bells,  Rose  Campion  and 
Myosotis  should  now  be  sown  for  next  season's 
flowering.  We  find  Myosotis  Carters  Roval 
Blue  one  of  the  best,  both  for  colour  and  habit 
of  growth. 

James  McGran 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 
Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


ANOTHER      WAY     OF     RAISING 
AUBRIETIAS  FROM    SEED. 

TIJAVING  been  raising  .Aubrietias  from  seed  for 
the  last  twenty  years,  may  I  say  that  I  do 
not  agree  with  Mr.  Ponting's  advice  to  sow  in  the 
open  ground  and  then  prick  off  the  young  plants, 
when  they  are  large  enough  to  handle,  into  the  open 
ground.  We  have  found  it  much  more  satisfactory 
to  sow  the  seed  in  either  pots  or  pans,  and  then 
when  the  little  seedlings  are  about  the  size  of  a 
shilling  to  prick  them  out  into  pans.  By  this 
means  it  is  much  easier  to  get  the  roots  whole  and 
unbroken  when  they  are  about  to  be  put  into  their 
permanent  positions.  An  Aubrietia  wall  is  very 
beautiful  when  in  full  bloom  ;  and  if  the  plants 
have  been  raised  from  seed  of  a  carefully  selected 
dark  purple  strain,  there  will  be  enough  sameness 
to  make  a  glorious  mass  of  colour,  and  just  sufficient 
diversity  of  shade  to  make  the  mass  alive. — Joseph 
Jacob. 

"FIRE"    EST    TULIPS. 

T  WAS  interested  in  the  answer  to  "  K.M.C., 
Surrey,"  on  page  221,  re  "Tulips  Attacked 
by  Fire."  As  it  is  possible  for  every  amateur  to 
have  every  year  on  the  same  bed  a  nice  lot  of 
Tulips,  perhaps  I  may,  as  a  grower  for  the  last 
forty  years,  give  the  reason  why  you  can  have  in 
the  same  flower  bed  Tulips  without  fire  year  after 
year.  What  is  the  cause  of  fire  in  Tulips  ?  The 
fact  that  the  soil  is  not  clean.  We  Tulip  growers 
take  the  greatest  care  to  have  clean  soil,  which  we 
can  only  do  by  never  allowing  the  foliage  of  the 
Tulips  to  rot  on  the  beds.  In  our  nurseries,  before 
we  start  to  dig  up  the  bulbs,  all  Tulip  foliage 
is  cut  off  and  carried  away  in  boats  to  the 
manure  heap.  This  manure  is  never  used  on 
bulb  ground,  only  on  grass  fields.  Should  we, 
however,  leave  the  foliage  to  decay,  it  becomes  a 
great  danger  to  the  next  crop.  Suppose  that  two 
fields  were  divided  by  a  hedge,  one  has  been  planted 
with  Tulips  and  the  foliage  is  left  on  the  side  of 
this  hedge.  The  sun  comes,  dries  up  the  foliage 
and  reduces  it  to  nothing  but  a  lot  of  dust. 
It  is  this  dust  that  does  the  harm,  because  the 
wind  will  blow  it  through  the  hedge  into  the  other 
field,  and  all  along  where  the  dust  has  been  blown 
the  Tulip  foliage  will  be  eaten  away  by  fire — this 
proves  everything.  I  further  advise  gardeners,  if 
they  want  to  plant  bulbs  (Tulips)  year  after  year 
on  the  same  bed,  to  take  away  the  top  part  of  the 
soil  of  this  bed  and  fill  it  with  some  fresh  soil  from 
near  by,  and  they  will  by  ordinary  treatment  never 
have  fire  in  their  Tulips,  Tulips  are  generally  grown 
once  in  three  years  on  the  same  field. — C.  M.  G., 
Lisse. 

THE  DAHLIA  :   FOR  THOSE  WHO  SHOW 

AND    THOSE    WHO    DO   NOT. 

COME  of  my  friends  after  reading  my  recent 
note  in  The  Garden  (page  227)  asked  me 
if  I  have  no  sympathy  with  the  exhibition  Dahlia. 
I  certainly  have.  In  1897  I  wrote  "  so  long  as 
we  have  a  sturdy  artisan  population — and  may  we 
always  have  it — who  delight  in  producing  on  their 
small  plots  large  symmetrical  specimens  of  either 
flowers  or  vegetables,  so  long,  I  believe,  will  there 
be  a  steady  demand  for  show  and  fancy  Dahlias." 
My  views  are  the  same  to-day,  but  the  point  I 
and  many  others  wish  to  make  is  that  there  are 
two  great  and  distinct  sets  of  growers.  By  far 
the  more  numerous  are  those  who  do  not  grow 
for  showing,  and  what  best  suits  their  requirements 
are  often  varieties  which  would  be  of  no  use  on 
an  exhibition  table,  and  vice  versa.  I  have  for 
some  time  been  advocating  that  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural  Society   should   institute    a   new    award, 


viz.,  a  certificate  of  garden  merit  only  to  be  given 
after  a  thorough  trial  at  Wisley.  I  am  glad  to 
have  enlisted  the  support  of  the  Rev.  W.  Wilks, 
who  says  stich  is  as  much  needed  in  fruit  as  in 
flowers  !  By  all  means  let  us  have  and  let  us 
encourage  the  growing  of  flowers  for  exhibition 
purposes,  but  let  us  help  the  growers  who  grow  only 
for  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  flowers  in  the  garden 
and  home  with  reliable  lists  of  varieties  best  suited 
for  their  purpose.  In  the  Dahlia  this  is  very 
necessary. — W.  Cuthbertson. 

SHOULD  CHEFS  OR    GROWERS    JUDGE 
GARDEN  PRODUCE  AT  SHOWS  ? 

"CCIENTIA"  rightly  observes  that  judges 
should  be  accompanied  by  bio-chemists,  who 
should  submit  samples  of  the  vegetables  to  analysis. 
I  am  not  at  all  sure  that  cooks — I  beg  pardon — 
chefs — should  be  permitted  to  judge,  for  I  am  told 
that  they  always  eat  as  little  as  possible  of  their 
own  productions,  just  as  doctors  when  really  ill, 
never  trust  to  their  own  medicines,  but  ask  other 
doctors  to  put  them  right.  Surely  the  judges 
should  be  drawn  from  among  those  who  consume 
what  the  chef  produces  ?  Here,  however,  an 
obvious  difficulty  arises,  since,  of  two  chefs,  cooking 
a  particular  v  getable,  one  of  them  may,  by  over- 
cooking or  under-cooking,  destroy  some  of  the 
virtues  of  the  vegetable,  and  therefore  it  would  seem 
logical  also  to  provide  judges  of  the  chefs.  I  am 
not  at  all  sure  that  for  even  fairly  comprehensive 
judging,  medical  men  should  not  be  required  to 
examine  the  consumers  of  the  chef's  productions 
for  after  effects  ;  it  is  said  that  when  a  celebrated 
cookery  book  first  appeared,  doctors'  night  bells 
were  incessantly  ringing.  One  wholesome  fact 
seems  to  emerge  from  the  controversy,  namely, 
that  there  are  yet  a  few  people  who  do  not  suffer 
from  megalomania,  the  curse  of  this  country  at  the 
present  moment,  and  the  direct  cause  of  nine- 
tenths  of  the  present  unrest.  1 1  is  well  to  remember 
that  megalomania  is  an  almost  invariable  con- 
comitant of  G.  P.  I.  ! — G.  Bertram  Kershaw. 

CHERRY    CULTURE    IN    KENT. 

VOUR  recent  note  as  to  the  culture  of  Cherries 
in  Kent  states  that  the  "  revival"  of  Cherry 
growing  was  due  to  the  introduction  of  this  fruit 
by  Richard  Harris,  gardener  to  Henry  VIII. 
It  is,  I  think,  very  doubtful  indeed  if  the  culture 
of  Cherries  ever  died  in  this  county  after  Roman 
times,  and  therefore  still  more  dubious  if  it  needed 
a  "  revival."  The  origin  of  the  story  of  Richard 
Harris  is  found  in  a  rare  book,  entitled  "  The 
Husbandman's  Fruitful  Orchard,"  which  was 
published  in  r609  ;  the  passage  is  worth  quoting, 
"  One  Richard  Harris  of  London,  borne  in  Ireland, 
Fruiterer  to  King  Henry  the  eighth,  fetched  out 
of  Fraimce  great  store  of  graftes,  especially  Pippins, 
before  which  time  there  were  no  Pippins  in  England. 
He  fetched  also  out  of  the  Lowe  Countries,  cherrie 
grafts  and  Peare  graftes  of  divers  sorts ;  Then 
took  a  peese  of  ground  belonging  to  the  King 
in  the  Parrish  of  Tenham  in  Kent,  being  about 
the  quantitie  of  seaven  score  acres,  whereof  he 
made  an  orchard,  planting  therein  all  those 
foraigne  grafts  which  orchard  is  and  hath  been 
from  time  to  time,  the  chiefe  mother  of  other 
orchards  for  those  kinds  of  fruits  in  Kent  and 
divers  other  places.  And  afore  that  these  said 
grafts  were  fetched  out  of  Fraunce  and  the  Lowe 
Countries,  altho  there  was  some  store  of  fruit 
in  England,  yet  these  wanted  both  rare  fruits 
and  lasting  fine  fruit.  The  Dutch  and  French 
finding  it  to  be  so  scarce,  especially  in  those  counties 
neere  London,   commonly  plyed  Billingsgate   and 


May  21,  192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


257 


cli\ers  other  places  with  such  kinde  of  fruit,  but 
now  (Thanks  be  to  God)  divers  gentlemen  and 
others  taldng  delight  in  grafting  .  .  .  have 
planted  many  orchards,  fetching  their  grafts 
out  of  that  orchard  which  Harris  planted  called 
the  New  Garden."  It  will  be  seen  that  only  a 
\"ery  careless  reading  of  this  passage  would  support 
the  idea  that  the  culture  of  Cherries  had  died  out 
and  was  reintroduced  by  Harris,  and  there  is  much 
evidence  to  prove  that  Cherries  must  have  been 
largely  grown  in  mediaeval  times.  The  old  records 
of  purchases  for  the  King's  garden  in  Westminster 
in  1238  and  1277  include  Cherry  trees,  as  did  the 
Earl  of  Lincoln's  garden  in  Holborn  at  the  close 
of  the  thirteenth  century.  Cherry  fairs,  celebra- 
tions held  in  Cherry  orchards  with  saturnalian 
objects,  are  frequently  mentioned  by  Gower  ; 
and  Occleve,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV,  in  his  poem 
"  De  regimine  principum"  says:  "Thy  lyfe, 
my  sone,  is  but  a  chery  feire."  The  fact  that 
English  armies  were  on  French  soil  for  300  years, 
on  and  off,  before  Tudor  days,  and  that  Cherries 
were  largely  grown  there  at  that  time,  makes  it 
highly  unlikely  that  some  trees  or  grafts  were 
not  brought  back  had  the  Cherry  been  lost  at 
home.  We  may  therefore  rank  Richard  Harris 
among  our  introducers  of  new  fruits,  but  hardly 
as  a  "  revivalist." — E.  A.   Bunyard. 

THE  FIRST  DARWIN  TULIP  TO  BLOOM. 

ATTENTION  was  drawn  in  last  week's  issue 
'nage  236)  to  the  Darwin  Tulip  Valentine,  that 
opens  m;  pageant  of  colour  among  these  brilliant 
flowers.  Here  in  a  sunny  garden  where  many 
Darwins  are  grown.  \'alentine  was  an  easy  first  to 


pardo.ied  for  adding  "  Spraying,"  are  surely 
among  the  two  great  watch-words  of  the  day, 
and  what  could  possibly  be  of  greater  comfort  to 
growers — whose  lifelong  combats  with  insect 
pests  rapidly  reduce  them  to  either  banl<ruptcy  or 
an  early  tomb — than  to  be  assured  that  the  Hall 
has  been  thoroughly  fumigated  and  sprayed 
between  the  exhibitions  ? 

No,  no,  Mr,  Wright,  the  Council's  fault,  if  any, 
is  that  it  does  not  go  far  enough  !  Having  started 
a  good  work  they  should  surely  pursue  the  idea 
to  its  logical  conclusion,  I  respectfully  suggest 
to  tiiem  that  they  should  develop  their  aims  and 
objects  by  displaying  pictorial  posters  depicting  the 
Hall  of  Horticulture  in  the  act  of  being  femininely 
fumigated  !  And  as  I  read  that  the  judges  of  the 
fumigators  were  asked,  in  giving  their  verdicts, 
"  to  ignore  the  fumigators'  faces  "  I  think  everyone 
will  agree  with  me  that  the  artist  for  the  poster 
should  be  Mr,  Bateman. 

But.  sir.  I  am  greatly  troubled  in  this  matter. 
I  see  that  points  were  awarded  to  the  fumigators 
while  absorbing  tlieir  Quassia  (I  mean  Coffee)  for 
the  manner  in  which  they  "  read  their  journal." 
By  "  their  journal,"  I  know  cannot  be  meant 
any  other  paper  than  The  Garden.  And  my 
fear  is  that  you  may  be  led  to  adopt  the  same  line 
of  conduct  as  the  Council  and  alter  the  title  of 
my  favourite  paper  to,  shall  I  say,  the  "  Fumi- 
gators' Friend "  ?  Horror'  of  horrors,  you  may 
also  print  it  on  sandpaper  in  order  that  it  may 
quickly  ignite  matches.  Aye,  the  possibilities 
are  darkly  terrible,  but,  sir,  you  would  doubtless 
have  the  approval  of  the  Council  !  It  is  true  that 
thousands  of  your  subscribers  may  feel  aggrieved 


THE    PURPLE   TULIP   VALENTINE   IS   THE   FIRST   OF   THE   DARWINS   TO   OPEN. 


reveal  its  colour,  recalling  the  lines  of  old  Bishop 
Herber,  who  spoke  of  the  time  "when  spring  unlocks 
the  flowers  to  paint  the  laughing  soil,"  Its  beauty 
lasts  for  many  weeks  and  it  is  still  (May  r2)  in 
full  bloom.  The  flowers  are  very  large  and  of 
purplish  hue.  In  a  catalogue  I  have  beside  me 
the  colour  is  described  as  "  Pansy  violet  with  electric 
blue  centre  " — a  laudable  attempt  to  convey  what 
is  an  almost  indescribable  colour, — C.  Q. 

BRITAIN'S  IL\LL  OF  HORTICULTURE 
AND  A  WOMEN'S  SMOKING  COxMPETITION 

CI'RELV  Mr,  Horace  Wright  (page  245)  has  com- 
pletely overlooked  the  perfectly  obvious  inten- 
tion of  the  Council  in  granting  the  use  of  the 
Horticultural  Hall  for  a  Women's  Smoking  Com- 
petition ?     Fumigating,     and    I    hope  I    may     be 


and  ask  you  why  you  invite  subscriptions  for  a 
horticultural  journal  and  supply  a  matchbox, 
but  think  of  the  crushing  effectiveness  of  your 
cogent  retort  :  "  All  you  say,  sir,  may  be 
perfectly  true ;  granted  it  !'  objectionable, 
but  hare  we  not  increased  our  bank  balance?'' 
— \.  N,  Other. 


FORTHCOMING     EVENTS. 

May  24. — Chelsea  Show,  to  be  held  in  the  Royal 
Hospital  Gardens.  Chelsea  (three  days). 

May  25. — Annual  Meeting  of  the  Kew  Guild 
to  be  held  at  the  Holborn  Restaurant  at  6.30  p.m. 
The  meeting  will  be  followed  by  the  .Annual  Dinner 
at  7.30  p.m.  Irish  Gardeners'  Association 
Meeting. 


New    and    Rare    Plants 

The  following  novelties  were  shown  before  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  on  Jlay  10,  at 
Vincent   Square,    Westminster  : — 

Wahlenbergia  serpyllifolia  Malby's  White.— 

For  garden  purposes  this  alpine  may  be  con- 
sidered a  lowly  Campanula.  It  is  a  delightful 
little  plant  of  close,  compact  tufts  of  Thyme-like 
foliage  from  which  spring  relatively  large,  erect, 
open  Campanula-like  flowers  which  have  faint 
lilac  lines  along  each  petal.  The  whole  plant 
is  not  more  than  ifins.  high.  Award  of  merit  to 
Mr.  Clarence  Elliott,  Stevenage. 

Iris  regelio-eyelus  Hebe. — This  is  one  of  the 
several  charming  hybrids  that  were  on  view. 
In  marking,  the  blooms  are  reminiscent  of  Iris 
Susiana  ;  they  are  so  delightfully  laced  and  lined 
with  deep  violet  on  soft  mauve  ground.  Award 
of  merit  to  .Mr.   van  Tubergen,  Haarlem. 

Azalea  Hino  Manyo. — This  is  one  of  the  many 
forms  of  Azalea  Ka>mpferi.  A  dainty  floriferous 
plant  covered  with  small  soft  pink  blooms  was 
shown.      .Award  of  merit  to  Mr.   R.  C.  Notcutt. 

Carnation  Wivelsfield  Apricot  is  a  fancy 
perpetual-flowering  variety  of  good  t>'pe.  The 
apricot  colour  is  brightened  by  occasional  lines  of 
rose     Award  of  merit  to  Messrs.  AUwood  Brothers. 

Geranium  Pylzowianum.— An  award  of  merit 
was  granted  to  an  alpine  form,  subject  to  correct 
naming.  It  is  a  compact  true  Geranium,  bearing 
miniature  saucer-shaped  flowers  of  pale  lilac 
colour. 

Auricula  Mauve  Beauty  is  a  large  tree-flowering 
alpine  variety  which  would  make  an  excellent 
border  plant. 

Anemone  His  Excellency. — This  large,  crimson 
variety  has  been  shown  before,  and  on  e.ich 
o<;'casion  has  been  admired  by  many.  A  definite 
white  zone  adds  to  its  attractions.  This  and  the 
Auricula  was  shown  by  Messrs.  Ryder  and  Son. 

Dapline  rupestris  grandiflora.— -A  dainty  little 

rockery  \ariety  bearing  rosv  maiive  flowers.  It 
was  sheiwn  by  Messrs.  K.  Tucker  and  Sons. 

Dianella   tasmanica  variegata. — Had    it   not 

borne  flowers  one  would  have  thought  this  was  a 
miniature  Phormium.  It  is  a  useful  foliage  plant 
for  the  cool  conservatory.  The  pale  blue  flowers 
are  succeeded  by  blue  berries.  Shown  by  Mr.  L.  R. 
Russell,  Richmond. 

.\wards   of  merit   were   gi\'en   to   the   foUowmg 
Tulips,  all  of  which  should  prove  splendid  varieties 
either  for  garden  decoration  or  for  cut  bloom. 
I    Amber. — The   buff   amber   colour   is   delicately 
flushed  rosy  lilac.    The  blooms  have  a  yellow  base. 

Carrara. — .\  perfect  pure  white  which  is  relieved 
by  golden  stamens. 

James  Watt. — .\  very  handsome  bloom  of 
unique  deep  \'elvety  purple  colour.  The  margms 
of  the  petals  are  slightly  incurved  and  are  coloured 
brown-maroon.     The  base  is  blue-black. 

■King  George.- — This  magnificent  Tulip  has 
much  the  colour  of  the  earlier-flowering  Proserpine 
and  a  blue-black  base. 

Orange  Perfection. — Despite  its  name,  we  must 
describe  the  colour  as  vivid  cerise  with  a  purple 
base,  but  it  is  a  gorgeous  bloom.  The  above  five 
Darwin  varieties  were  shown  by  Messrs.  E.  H. 
Krelage  and  Son. 

Fantasy  is  a  Parrot  Tulip  of  rose  and  white 
colouring.      Shown   by  Messrs.   Sutton  and  Sons. 

Arethusa.— .A  very  large  buttercup  ycUow 
shaded  \-ariety. 

Marjorie  Bewen. — -This  large  satiny  rose  bloom 
has  a  yellow  base. 

Rosabella. — When  first  opened  the  flowers 
were  attractive,  but  by  late  afternoon  the  rose- 
flushed  blooms  had  faded  to  a  rather  dirty  pale 
mauve.  These  three  Cottage  Tulips  were  shown 
by  Mr.  C.  G.  van  Tubergen,  jun. 


258 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  21,  1921. 


The    Best    of    the  ;  Flowering 
Cherries 

A  VERY  beautiful  and  perhaps  the  finest  of  the 
Japanese  Cherries  is  Cerasus  Hizaliura.  which 
received  an  award  of  merit  at  a  recent  meeting  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  It  is  a  double- 
flowered  variety  with  large  blossoms  of  soft  rosy 
tint.  The  individual  flowers  are  as  much  as  2  4  ins. 
in  diameter.  In  point  of  colour  it  resembles  the 
variety  Jas.  H.  Veitch,  but  it  is  a  week  or  ten  days 


UTILITY  AND  COMFORT  IN  GARDEN  SEATS 


THIS    DOUBLE-FLOWERED    JAPANESE     CHERRY 
[makes    an    EFFECTIVE    LAWN 

I  liir  jn  flowering,  of  upright  growth  and  mui.h 
more  vigorous,  developing  into  a  finer  and  larger 
tree.  As  a  standard  it  makes  an  excellent  specimen 
tree  on  a  lawn  and  is  particularly  effective  if  it 
can  be  given  a  dark  background.  The  foliage 
takes  a  beautiful  shade  of  bronze  in  the  autumn. 
Planted  in  suitable  surroundings  it  is  hard  to 
imagine  a  prettier  flowering  tree  when  in  full 
bloom. 


A  SEAT  is  a  thing  meant  to  be  sat  upon. 
Whether  it  belongs  to  the  garden  or 
any  other  species,  if  it  fails  in  fulfilling 
that  object  it  is  a  redundancy.  A  seat 
within  doors  may  be  an  impossible 
object  as  a  seat  and  yet  good  art.  In  the  garden 
it  is  wholly  bad.  Unfortunately  for  us,  and  our 
gardens,  we  have  a  great  many  of  these  latter  to 
endure.  They  vary  in  uselessness  and  disfigure- 
ment, from  the  arm- 
chair clipped  out  of 
an  unfortunate  Box 
tree  to  that  awful 
travesty  the  "  floral 
design  "  moulded  in 
iron.  Between  these 
extremes  we  have  an 
infinite  number  of 
more  or  less  painful 
(in  more  ways  than 
one)  objects  called 
seats — objects  they 
are  which  invade  our 
gardens  like  an  erup- 
tion, and  oftentimes 
quite  good  gardens, 
too. 

Even  the  soul  of  old 
Topiarius  himself 
would  writhe  in  con- 
derrmation  should  it, 
in  visiting  one  of  our 
modern  gardens, 
come  across  one  of 
his  offspring,  just  as 
he  himself  would 
have  condemned  any 
other  insane  inter- 
ference with  the 
ethics  of  his  ancient 
art.  But  let  me  not 
tread  too  heavily  on 
the  toes  of  any  to 
whom  the  vegetable 
world  in  moulded 
iron  has  peculiar 
attractions.  These 
things  are  very  well, 
perhaps,  on  th  e 
terrace.  They  may 
fittingly  companion 
ye  nymphs  and 
storks  and  cemeterial 
urns  in  stone,  or 
plaster  or  lead.  Of 
the  "  formal  garden" 
they  are  a  part ;  but 
don't,  don't  for  the 
love  of  Nature,  put 
them  in  the  wrong 
place  and  by  so 
doing  commit  the 
"  ridiculous  excess  " 
of  endeavouring  to 
(cerasus    HIZAKURA^I  ■■  throw     a    perfume 

SPECIMEN.  on  the  violet."     The 

"  rustic "  genus  in 
wood,  plain  or  peeled,  twui-sister  in  deception 
of  the  living  tree  to  its  prototype  in  iron, 
is  at  best  a  thing  that  has  neither  beauty 
nor  utility.  Before  you  can  sit  upon  it  in 
comfort  it  must  be  well  upholstered  with 
rug  and  cushion,  and  the  only  virtue  it 
possesses  is  its  short  life.  It  dies  young  ;  and  I 
hold  it  only  slightly  less  abhorrent  in  the  ear-wig 
stage  than  it  is  when,   as  a  specious  imitation  of 


something  that  never  was  on  land  or  sea,  it  is 
rather  rhore  obviously  a  bundle  of  faggots  and  a 
pound  of  nails. 

If  you  must,  or  think  you  must,  invoke  Nature 
in  the  making  of  your  garden  seat,  then  let  the 
latter  consist  of  no  more  than  the  bole  of  some 
fallen  tree,  some  great  rock  tumbled  as  by  an 
avalanche  to  the  brink  of  your  shady  walk.  And 
as  they  fall  so  let  them  lie.  They  will  not  be 
comfortable ;  if  you  fall  asleep  upon  one  or 
other  you  will  probably  have  disturbing  dreams, 
as  Jacob  had  on  his  heap  of  stones,  but  you  will 
at  least  have  been  honest  in  your  effort  to  "  copy 
Nature." 

But  there  is  no  need  to  do  any  of  these  things  ; 
indeed,  there  are  good  reasons  why  you  should 
not  do  so,  and  the  first  of  these  is  this  :  There 
are  plenty  of  seats,  good  to  sit  upon,  tasteful  to 
look  at  and  which  will  enhance  the  beauty  and 
interest  of  even  the  wild  garden  without  our 
indulging  in  obvious  extremes  or  suffering  for 
"  art's  sake "  a  hole  in  our  trousers.  Utility, 
as  I  have  said,  and  comfort  are  the  first  essentials 
in  a  garden  seat.  You  can  secure  both  these  in 
wood,  iron  and  other  material,  but  I  prefer  good 
honest  wood  even  if  you  can  afford  the  best  of 
hammered  iron.  Let  the  craftsmanship  of  a 
cunning  worker  be  expressed  in  every  line  of  your 
wooden  seat,  but  avoid  any  trickery  in  design, 
any  flamboyant  ornament.  For  honest  work- 
manship in  a  garden  seat  is  as  pleasurable  and 
satisfying  a  thing  as  enamelled  tiles  and  specious 
adornment  in  carving,  plaster  of  Paris  and  glue 
are  loathsome.  In  a  word,  your  garden  seat 
should  be  the  creation  of  an  architect,  one  who  is 
also  a  gardener,  if  you  can  ever  find  such  a  happy 
combination.  Like  a  beautiful  house  anaid  beau- 
tiful surroundings,  it  must  possess  no  offending 
feature.  It  need  not  of  necessity  be  fashioned 
so  as  to  harmonise  with  its  environments  ;  indeed, 
it  were  wiser  to  have  it  so  that  it  constitutes  a 
contrast  in  line  and  colour.  Just  as  heavy  Norman 
architecture  is  often  admirable  among  the  Gothic 
arches  of  towering  Beeches,  so  a  well  modelled 
garden  seat — the  more  severely  plain  the  better — 
will  give  zest  to  the  grace  and  subtle  charm  of  a 
Fern  glade.  By  contrast,  the  one  will  give  point 
to   the  other. 

One  paragraph  as  to  colour.  Many  people  seem 
to  insist  that  a  garden  seat  ought  to  be  painted 
green.  This  is  as  great  an  error  as  it  is  to  suppose 
that  in  structure  it  ought  to  be  an  imitation  of 
some  botanical  specimen.  Green  has  many  faults 
as  a  paint  for  outdoor  furniture.  It  soon  fades 
into  a  dirty  grey  ;  it  is  not  a  good  preservative  ; 
it  affords  no  contrast.  Good  white-lead  oil  paint 
is  best  of  all  for  wood  or  iron.  Nothing  looks  so 
well  where  the  prevailing  tone  is  green,  and  it 
stands  weather  and  prevents  rust  better  than 
any  other.  The  only  alternative  colours  I  can 
tolerate  with  equanimity  are  a  soft  dove-grey 
and  bright  red,  in  both  of  which  red-lead  should, 
of  course,  be  used.  To  some  a  bright  red  seat 
may  seem  to  suggest  a  flavour  of  "  impressionism," 
but  it  is  nothing  of  the  sort.  Garden  furniture 
in  this  colour  is  used  in  many  places  and  lands, 
notably  in  some  of  the  wonderful  public  and  other 
gardens  of  that  land  of  sunshine  and  flowers, 
California,  and  also  on  the  shores  of  the  Italian 
Lakes.  You  would  not  for  choice,  perhaps,  set 
a  seat  in  this  colour  alongside  a  bed  of  Geraniums 
nor  against  a  mass  of  Flame  Flower,  but  in  great 
green  spaces  beneath  trees,  on  open  lawns  and  in 
woodland  a  seat  in  bright  red  accentuates  the 
green,  gives  colour  where  this  is  wanting  and 
deepens  the  sense  of  perspective.       A.  T.  Johnson. 


May  21,   iq2i.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


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The  Rilo  Smile. 


.Mr.  G.  F,  Birch,  of  Spalding,  writes  ; — 

"I  enclose  two  photographs  showing  plants  treated  with  RITO,  side  hy  side  with 
some  not  treated.  You  will  notice  not  only  are  the  plants  much  stronKtr  and  larger  but 
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WILLIS    BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 

A  REAL   MANURE 

NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE. 
NO     STABLE     MANURE     REQUIRED. 

For  digging  in  or  as  a  top  dressing.     For  Kitchen 

Garden  and  Herbaceous  Borders. 
We  are  constantly  receiving    orders    and    testi- 
monials from  satisfied  users  both  on  heavy  and 

light  soils. 

Icwt.,17/6:^cwt.,10l-i  281bs.,6/-:  per  ton  £16  10. 

All  Carriage  Paid. 

SOLUBLE 

TOMATO     MANURE 

as  supplied  largely  to  market  growers. 
SO/- per  cwt. ;  56  lbs.,  16/-;  28  lbs.,  8(6.  Carriage  paid. 

REAL  NEW  PERUVIAN  GUANO. 

(Just  arrived.) 

10%  Ammonia,  25%  Phosphates.  2%  Potash. 

1  cwt.,  37/8  ;  *  cwt.,  20,'-  :  28  lbs.,  11/-.    Carr.  paid. 

BAMBOO  CANES.     Best  Solid  Quality. 

4  ft  Thin   6-.  4  ft.  .MeJ..  8-.  4  ft.  Stout,  12  -  per  1(0  ; 

5  ft.,  14,-.  6  ft..  17  6,  7  ft..  22  6  per  1(K). 
Bamboi  Tips,  45  in.   6  -  1(111  ;  50  -  1(10(1.     Carr.  paid. 

GOOD    HEAVY    GARDEN    NETS 

25yds.  by  8  yds..  35/-;    50yds.  by  4yds..  55/-. 
Carrias-^e  paid. 

Bone     Meale,      Superphosphate,      Nitrate     ot 

Soda   Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Kainit,  Sulphate 

ot  Potash,  Basle  Slag,  etc.,  supplied. 

Send  for  our  list  of  Garden  Mamircs  and 
Horticultural  Sundries.  Free  on  application. 
Horticultural  Manure 
Garden  Sundries, 
HERTS. 


WILLIS  BROS.,  £, 


HARPENDEN. 


VUl. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  21,  1921. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

r  QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— TAc  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  GA)ti>EN  helpful  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  110  matter  v^hat  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  nial-es  a  special  feature  of  the  "Ansurrs 
to  Correspondents  "  colvmns.  All  communications  shmtld  be 
clearly  and  conciseln  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  ouli/, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  THE  Garden.  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Cerent  Garden,  London,  'iV.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-ivool,  and  ftoaering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  twt  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  sJwald  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


the  Eizarres  are  red,  chestnut,  brownish- red,  and  maroon 
with  a  yellow  base.  Eoscs  have  blooms  of  various  shades 
of  rose  pink,  deep  red  and  scarlet,  with  a  white  base  to 
the  flowers. 


FLO\\'ER     GARDEN. 

LILIES  UNSATISFACTORY  (W.  R..  Reigate).— No 
<;ause  can  be  discerned  for  the  trouble  \\ith  the  Lilies, 
and  we  tliink  the  source  of  it  is  to  be  sought  in  the  culti- 
vation, jiarticulars  of  which  we  have  no  infomiation. 

ANEMONES  ATTACKED  (C.  M.  D.,  Pulborough).— 
Tlie  Anemones  are  badly  attacked  by  the  fungus  Puccinia 
pruni-spinosae,  and  all  such  should  "be  rooted  out.  as  the 
fungus  is  perennial  in  the  tissues.  Not  all  species  of 
Anemone  are  equally  subject  to  this  attack,  which  accounts 
for  the  immunity  of  Anemone  fulgens  in  our  correspondent's 
beds.  The  spores  of  this  fungus  attack  Plums  and 
produce  rust  on  them  in  summer. 

ALPINE  AURICULAS  (J.  H.  H..  Jersey).— During  the 
summer  the  Alpine  Auricula  should  be  in  a  light  but 
not  sunny  position.  In  the  ordinar."  border  sufficient 
sliade  from  direct  sim  could  be  provided  by  planting  on 
the  sunny  side  Antirrhinums.  Nemesias,  Diascia  Barberse, 
Phlox  Brummondii  or  any  other  moderately  dwarf  plant. 
Or,  with  even  less  trouble,  seeds  of  annuals  might  be 
sowni  early  and  the  plants  would  sufficiently  break  the 
sun's  rays.  Care  sliould  be  taken  to  prevent  tlie  growth 
of  these  additional  plants  from  entirely  overgrowing  the 
Auriculas. 

BORDER  CARNATIONS  ATTACKED  (A.  H.  M.,  Kent.) 
— The  Carnations  liave  been  attacked  by  some  ground 
grub,  prol)abl.\'  wircworm.  Tlie  stem  just  below  the  ground 
is  completely  hollowed  out  but  the  culprit  is  now  gone. 
Some  find  that  division  of  Gentiana  acaulis  at  inter\-als  of 
about  three  years  gives  better  results  than  does  leaving 
it  alone. 

TULIPS  CHANGING  COLOUR  (Tulip-Rose.  Bexhill- 
on-Sea). — Tlicre  is  notlung  wrong  with  the  soil,  nor  is 
the  phenomenon  due  to  any  error  in  cultivation.  The 
Darwin  Tulips  which  previously  were  of  deep  pink  colour 
and  have  "  come  strijjed  and  mottled  "  this  year  have, 
in  tlie  language  of  the  Tulip  fancier,  "  broken  "or  "  recti- 
fied." When  a  seedling  Tulip  first  flowers  it  is  nearly 
always  self  coloured,  as  were  our  correspondent's.  Then 
at  some  future  time — it  may  be  the  next  vear  or  even 
thirty  years  later,  no  one  can  sav  deflnjtelv  when — it 
"  breaks  "  into  the  flamed  or  feathered  state  which  is 
so  desired  and  valued  by  the  florist.  By  '"florist"  is, 
of  course,  meant  the  fancier  and  not  the  retailer  of  flowers. 
These  Tulips  are  the  result  of  over  three  hundred  years  of 
breeding  and  selecting.  The  flower  sent  for  examination 
is  flamed  :  that  is.  the  stripes  of  colour  run  up  and  down 
the  petals.  In  a  featliered  bloom  the  colour  is  delicately 
marked  around  the  edges  of  the  petals  in  a  feather-hk'e 
manner.  These  Tulips  are  separated  into  four  classes — 
Breeders.  Bybloemens.  Bizarres  and  Roses.  The  Breeders 
are  self  coloured,  and  from  these  come  the  feathered  and 
flaked  blooms.  In  Bybloemens  the  colours  are  black 
and  shades  of  purple  with  a  white  base.     The  colours  of 


TREES    AND     SHRUBS. 

FUCHSIA  RICCARTONI  CUTTINGS  (J.  F.  H.,  Jersev). 
— It  is  not  customary  to  insert  cuttings  of  this  Fuchsia 
or  any  other  shrub  in  bundles,  nor  should  we  expect  to 
find  that  the  surplus  cuttings  so  treated  had,  as  seems  to 
be  the  case,  rooted  better  than  those  inserted  singly. 
But  it  is  just  possible  that  the  bundle  of  cuttings  were 
more  firmly  inserted  than  the  others  ;  if  so,  this  would 
account  for  the  greater  success  with  them. 

PROPAGATING  JAPANESE  MAPLES  (J.  H.  H., 
Jersey). — The  most  common  method  of  increasing  the 
varieties  of  these  richly  coloured  shrubs  is  bv  grafting, 
and  Acer  palmatum  would  be  the  most  suitable  stock, 
thougli  it  is  by  no  means  always  used.  The  use  of  un- 
suitable stocks  is  often  responsible  for  unsatisfactory 
behaviour  of  the  shrubs.  Seeds  of  Acer  palmatum  are 
not  often  offered  by  retail  seedsmen  in  this  country, 
but  we  suggest  applying  to  Messrs.  Ryder  and  Son. 
St.  Albans,  who  catalogue  seeds  of  a  large  variety  of  rare 
and  uncommon  trees  and  shrubs. 


ROSE     G.\RDEN. 

BANKSIAN  ROSE  NOT  FLOWERING  (Tulip-Rose. 
Bexhill-on-Sea). — The  shoots  sent  are  apparently  growths 
of  the  Banksian  Rose  (Rosa  Banksise).  This  Chinese 
species  is  rather  uncertain,  and  in  some  gardens  does  ^ot 
bloom  until  the  plants  are  of  considerable  age  :  at  other 
times  and  jilaces  it  will  bloom  when  quite  young.  The 
advice  not  to  prune  is  sound  and  should  "be  followed, 
except  in  the  case  of  very  old  specimens  which  may 
require  pruning  in  order  to  renew  their  vigour.  The 
Banksian  Rose  requires  a  warm  wall  and  to  be  kept 
uniformlj-  moist  during  the  growing  season. 


THE     GREENHOUSE. 

PERSIAN  CYCLAMEN  (E.  H..  Hampst^ad).— After 
flowering  place  the  plant  on  the  greenhouse  shelf  and 
gradually  reduce  the  supply  of  water  until  the  leaves  turn 
yellow  and  die  off.  About  midsummer  place  the  pot  in 
a  sunny  position  outside  on  its  side  for  a  month.  Then 
stand  in  an  upright  position.  If  not  sufficient  rain  to 
moisten  the  soil,  give  water  and  repot  the  plant  when  new 
leaves  push  up.  Return  to  the  greenhouse  until  October, 
when,  as  our  correspondent's  greenhouse  is  unheated, 
the  plant  will  be  better  in  a  sunny  window,  turning  it 
round  at  least  once  a  week. 

THE  CULTURE  OF  TOMATOES  AND  CUCUMBERS 
TOGETHER  IN  A  SMALL  COLD  GREENHOUSE  (  \V.  G.  E.. 
Bath). — Separately  botli  may  be  sucirsshilh  ^njwn  in 
summer  in  a  cold  greenhouse,  tlie  lii-zh  trniperature 
ncfssarv  to  grow  the  Cucumber  well  being-  secured  by 
witlih'iKiiiiL:  ventilation  (more  or  less),  sufficient  air  finding 
admission  under  the  laps  of  the  squares  of  glass.  (This 
is  considerable  and  often  lost  sight  of  by  cultivators.) 
To  grow  the  Tomato  successfully,  free  ventilation  in  hot 
weather  is  essential.  At  the  same  time  this  is  not  to  say 
that  a  generous  warmth  with  a  moderate  admission  of 
air  only  is  what  they  love  best.  A  sweet  and  temperate 
atmosphere  should  be  aimed  at.  Growing  the  two  together 
in  one  house  must  be  a  matter  of  compromise.  The 
difficulty  could  best  be  got  over  (short  of  separating  the 
two  by  fixing  temporary  boards  to  divide  them)  to  a 
certain  extent  by  planting  the  Cucumbers  at  the  warmest 
end  of  the  house  and  the  Tomatoes  at  the  coolest,  admitting 
no  air  to  the  Cucumber  end  and  judiciously  only  to  the 
Tomato  end.  Before  both  can  be  grown  well  good  soil 
is  indispensable  (but  not  too  much  of  it).  We  have  found 
tlie   best    soil  for  both  to  be    maiden   loam    broken  into 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT   SAFETY   WEED    KILLER. 

FREE    FROM    ARSENIC. 

Simple  to  use,  very  effective,   and   mnreover  is  perfectly  safe. 
Guaranteed    free    from    arsenic,    so    there    is    no    fear    of    poisoning  children,    animas, 

poultry,  etc.  ^^^j^mamsismiiii^j:^ 


Pint    Tins    I'S    each. 
Quart    „       3/- 
*Gall.    „      4  9 


1     Gallon    Drums    71-    each. 
5  ,.  ..      27;6       .. 

40         ,.  Casks  £8  10-.. 


KATAKILLA 


The    perfect     insecticide     for    destroying     all     insect    pests    on 

Fruit,     Flowers     and     Vegetables. 

Destroys  Caterpillars  and   is  splendid   for   exterminating   green 
fly  on  roses  and  red  spider  on  cucumbers. 

KATAKILLA   IS    NON-POISONOUS 

Can  be  used  with  perfect  safety. 

If   any  difficulty   in  obtaining  supplies    locally,  please  write   for 

Price  List    and  mention    name   and   address   of  local  seedsman. 

nurseryman  or  ironmonger. 

Insist  on  McDougall's.         Refuse  Substitutes.        Avoid  Disappointment. 

McDOUGALL     BROS.,     LTD., 
66,    68,    PORT    STREET,    MANCHESTER.        Established  1845. 


H  poi«ohOu!  I 

■Ott    FBOM 

Arstjnie . 


!| 


small  pieces  about  the  size  of  a  Walnut  (using  tlie  small 
of  the  loam  as  well).  Add  to  each  peok  of  the  loam  the 
following  :  Small  handful  of  bone  dust,  the  same  of  soot 
and  the  same  of  lime.  To  the  Cucumber  soil  add  half  a 
gallon  of  well  rotted  mauure  per  peck  and  to  the  Tomato 
soil  a  quart  of  the  same.  MLx  well  together.  .\t  planting 
time  use  only  as  much  soil  as  will  suffice  to  cover  the  roots 
well  over  and  afterwards  topdress  the  ]dants  (of  both) 
with  a  thin  layer  of  the  soil  as  soon  as  a  good  crop  of  new 
roots  appears  on  the  surface.  Continue  to  do  this 
at  intervals  during  the  summer  as  occasion  arises. 
Artificial  manure  to  use.— No  manure  of  this  kind  should 
be  applied  to  the  soil  until  the  plants  are  bearing  a  good 
crop  of  fruit,  but  a  little  liquid  manure  may  be  given 
once  or  twice  a  week  to  plants  growing  freely.  A  good 
liquid  manure  can  be  made  by  applying  a  handful  of 
Peruvian  guano  (well  dissolved)  in  3  gallons  of  water 
or  by  immersing  a  bag  of  soot  or  a  bag  of  well  rotted 
manure  in  a  tub  of  water.  Watermg. — Bear  in  mind  that 
the  cultivator's  great  aim  should  be  to  keep  the  soil  sweet, 
never  too  wet  or  too  dry.  Watch  the  borders  well  and  as 
soon  as  they  become  moderately  dry  give  tliem  a  real 
good  soaking,  and  then  no  more  until  similar  conditions 
recur. 


FRUIT     GARDEN. 

PEAR  TREE  nNSATISFACTORY  (Jatear.  Sheffield).— 
If  possible  find  out  the  history  of  the  tree  and  if  it  has 
grown  useful  crops  give  it  another  chance  and  it  may 
render  good  service.  It  is  a  serious  mistake  to  severely 
lop  or  top  old  Pear  trees.  All  the  pruning  such  trees 
require  is  to  occasionally  thin  out  weak  and  useless  branches 
w;here  they  appear  too  thick  at  winter  pruning  and  to 
give  the  trees  a  dresshig  of  manure  over  the  roots,  sav, 
every  other  year.  Treated  in  this  way  there  are  many 
old  trees  to  be  found  of  more  value  to  the  owner  than 
younger  ones.  Of  course  if  the  tree  has  never  borne  any 
fruit  to  speak  ot,  it  should  be  grubbed  up. 


MISCELLANEOUS^ 

SOIL  FOR  EXAMINATION  (G.,  Sussex).— Judging 
from  the  specimen  snit  lor  cNamination,  we  do  not  think 
that  anythuig  will  gr..w  s^itisfactorily  in  the  soil.  It  is 
quite  lacking  in  humus,  and  is  likely  to  go  together  into 
a  pasty  mass  if  it  becomes  wet.  Dig  into  it  all  the  organic 
matter  available  and  we  think  our  correspondent  will 
then  be  able  to  secure  a  good  growth  of  grass. 

NAMES    OF    PLANTS.— L.    )!.— Ulmus    montana   var. 

pcndula. E.  W.  I.— Prunus  scrrulata. "  Olivia."— 

1.  Lonicera  tatarica  var. ;    2,  Spiraea  arguta ;    3,  Spiraea 

ulmifolia. F.   A.   S.— 1,  Cytisus    priecox  ;    2,    Cvtisus 

scoparius    Andreanus ;     3,    Tulipa    Hageri ;     4,    Primula 

Juliie. Mrs.  J.,  Sussex.— Corydalia  bulbosa. -H.   C„ 

Dulwich. — Asphodeline  lutea. 

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnD 

§         HICKS'        I 

I  FAMOUS  TWYFORD 1 

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ARE     UNSURPASSED. 


Note  a  few  of  my  successes  during  1920: — 

THE  WIGAN  CUP,  R.H.S. 

GOLD  MEDAL,   N.R.S. 

MAWLEY  MEMORIAL  MEDAL,  N.R.S., 

and  the  Gold  Medal  awarded  by  The 
American  Rose  Society  for  Climbing 
Lady  Hillingdon. 


Write  for  my  new  list  for  Season  1 92 1  -22, 
post  free  upon  application. 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS, 


M.C.N.R.S.,   F.R.H.S.,  etc., 
The  Champion  Decorative   Rose   Grower  of  England 

ROSE  SPECIALIST,  HURST,  BERKS. 

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 


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May  21,   1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


IX. 


XL  PUMPS. 

DURABLE       OUTFITS        FOR 
GARDEN  OR  HOUSE  WORK. 

Our     Portable     Outfits    are     real     value    for 
any     medium     or     large     size     garden. 

Garden  List  D  post  free. 

KINNELL'S 

HOSE 

High  Grade  Quality  at  a  very  moderate  price. 

Hose  List  and  Samples  on  request. 

C.P.KINNELL&CcLtd. 

SOUTHWARK     STREET,         ""one 
LONDON,     S.E.I.  372'^ 


A  Booklet  contain- 
ing  the  most 
Reliable  Qarden 
Requisitee    for    the 


H 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


n 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   (post     free). 


ANTI-FLY  DUSTING  ^.„r"o^„.ran^ 

PnWnFR   Celerv   Fly.   Maggots,   and  Cabbage 

rUnUbll   Caterpillars.  No  Eggs — NoMaggots. 

Prices:   25/-  cwt.,  14/-  i-cwt.,  8/-  28  lbs. 

Bags  free. 

I  nAM  P"""""  "^^^'  grounds.  Absolutely  virgin 
LUHIIi  gjjH  Satisfaction  assured.  Write  for 
sample. 

Price;   18/-  ton,   f.o  r.,   .Midlands. 

LAWN  Stimulates  the  Fine  Grasses.     Dis- 

Lftnil  courages    Moss    and    Weeds.     En- 

MANURE    hances  the   Beauty  of  the  Lawn. 

Prices;  30/-  cwt.,  16/6  J-cwt.,  9/-  28  lbs. 
Rags  free. 

n||ACC|A     Exceptionally    Powerful  Wash  and 
I^UHOUIH     Non-Poisonous.       Death    to   Green 
EXTRACT    P'l''  ^^-      f^eady  for  dilution. 
Prices:  20  galls.  1  55/-,  5  galls.  42/6,  gall.  9/- 

U/CCn  (Electric)  Poison  saves  50%  in  Labour. 
"^^"  (Liquid  and  Powder). 

KILLER    Liquid;     5  galls.  =  255  galls.,   31/6 
Powder;    4  tins  ^   100  galls.,    18/- 
Tins  for  Powder  free. 


Carriage   Paid  on   Orders  of  £1    and  upwards. 


"  Le  Fruitier  " 

THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK—VET  MILO  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOO     OF      THIS     CENTURY. 

AS  SUPPLIED  to  the  ROYAL  GARDENS 

"THE  ROYAL  GARDENS.  WINDSOR. 
"I  think  1  have  used  your  '  LE  FRUITIER'  since 
it  was  first  put  on  the  market,  or  very  soon  after, 
and  I  have  always  found  it  to  be  a  safe  and 
reliable  manure  for  Vines,  Fruit  Trees  and  Straw- 
berries, and  as  a  top  dressing  tbe  best  results 
are  obtained,  the  manure  acting  as  a  stimulant 
and  without  any  tendency  to  gross  growth  of 
wood,  and  improving  colour  and  finishing  of  fruit. 
A.  MACKELLAR." 

Prices : 
36/-  cwt.,   19/-  Jcwt.,   10/6  28  lbs., 
6/-    14  lbs.,    3/6    7  lbs.      Bags    Free. 


WM  liinnn  a  cam  L"-  "The  royal  horticulturists,- 
WUUU   06    OUIl  GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


TELE 


HLATE     of     \AfOOO     QREEN) 

PHONE     BURNHAM     79 

GRAMS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOW.' 


N^ 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

OTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  1  Full  directions  tor 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

in  this  Fumigator! 

Prices.— No.  1.  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 

cubic  ft.,  lOd.  each  ;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  upto 

1..S00  cubic  ft.,  1i3each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 

Greenhouses   from    2,000  to  2,500  cubic  ft.,   1/9  each. 


Ri-'^istered  Trade  Mark  6295. 


((  T'C'IVI  A  "V  "     The  New  and  Mo«l   Saccesiful 

i  IrLlX/^^         GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It  is  rapidly  taking  the  place  of  all  Foreign  and  other 
preparations  for  all  Graftirg  and  Budding  Purposes. 

Tins,  each  9d.,  1  /6,  3/-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

FOWLER'S    LAWN    SAND 

ESTABLISHED    IN     1875 

For  destrojing  Daisies.  Dandelions.  Plantains.  Ribbed  Grass. Thistles 
and  other  weeds  on  Lawns.  Croquet  Grounds,  BowlmS  Grefs, 
Parks,  etc..  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  tne 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass. 

.Many  preparations  are  on  the  market  under  this  name,  but  no  article 
differs  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  monev  's  worth  generally. 

TO    BE    HAD    FROM     THE    TRADE    GENERALLY. 
PmCES^Tins.  1/6.  3.'9,  7/-;  Bats.  2Slbs.  ll/..561bs.  211:  ll21bs.  39/- 
Sole    Manafacturers  :     CORRY    &    CO.,    Lid,.    London.   S.E  1 . 


FIRST  INVENTED.       FIRST  EVER  SINCE. 
S  M  I  TH'S 

POWDER  WEED  KILLER 

is    absolutely    "PERFECT." 

8  tins  of  Powder  to  make  200  gallons  of 
Liquid,  carriage  paid  ;  also  in  Liquid,  all 
sized     Drums.     5    gallons,    carriage  paid. 

MARK     SMITH,     LTD. 

LOUTH,    UINCOLNSHIRE. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

tf    if    tf 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy 


Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 

RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON.    LTD., 

Royal     Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM 


THE     GARDEN. 


I'MaY     21,     1921. 


SCIENTIFICALLY 

nould,  ready  foe  use  at  nny  tii 


AND   CHEMICALLY   PREPARED. 


ne,  in  the  same  way.  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
suit,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 


In  the  form  of  a  leaf' 

further(4  bushelsequallinfl  IScwts.).  gives  better 

Report  of  Boyal  Horticultural  Society.     "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 

Wisley,  and   I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 

under  jjlass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  WlLKS.  Secretary. 

A  Beatitiftil  Free  Booklet  giving  full  ParticuhirK  and  testimoiiiiils  sent  on  receipt  nf  Postcard.  

B^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  "Wl 

I'nccs.  Including;  l'a>;s  :    Small  (about  1  bushel),  2/3  ;    Lar>^e  labout  4  bushels).  6/-  :    ."^  Lar«e.  28/9  ;    10  Larg.-,  55/-; 
20  Large.  100/-.         Carriagi-  Forward  for  cash   with  ordei-. 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime).  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 

WAKELEY'S£mpire  FERTILISER 

A  valuable  Plant  Food  for  Allotment  and  General  Garden  use.  simple  to  apply.     Particulars  and  Gu  iran- 

teed  Analysis  free.     Price,  including  bags— 

14  lb.  b3g,  3/3  ;   56  lbs.,  11/6;    1  cwt.,  22/- 

Best   Yellow   Fibrous  Loam,  4./-.        Leaf  .Mould,   4/6.       Coarse  Silver  Sand,  5/6,  and 

Brown  Fibrous  Peat,  5/6  per  sack.      Basic  Slag,  8/6.       Superphosphate,  1  2/6.     Bone 

.Meal,  22/-,       Kainit  1  1/6,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda  30/-  per  cwt. 

See  Free  Booblci  hr  above  for  prices  of  sumllcr  qtmutities.  a!so  other  S'^ods. 
WAKELEY    BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      S.E.I. 


FOR  SUCCESS   IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 


'S 


M\^^ 


On    the    market 
for      over      40     years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over      the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      they      stand    unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every     description     of     Fruit-bearing.    Flowering 
and  Foliat^e  Plants.  Vegetables,  Lawns,  etc.,  etc. 
Vine,     Plant    end    Vogetable    Manure,     l  cwt.,  36/-;      561b..     19/-;      281b..  10/6: 
14lb..  6/-;  71b.,  3/6;  Tins,  1/6. 
Special  Top.Dressing  Manure,  561b.,  19/-:  28Ib..  10/6:  14lb.,  6/-;  71b.,  3/6, 
BE*"    WRITE     FOR    OUR     BOOKLET-POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     "Wl 
SOLD         BY         NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers  :      WM.     THOMSON      &     SONS.     LTD..     CLOVENFORDS.     SCOTLAND. 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDE 


OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAP 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  2Ib.,  41b.  and  7Ib.  tins. 

All    Packages    bear    Maker's    name,    and    the    public    are 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON     &     TEN  N  ANT,     LTD., 
Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


THE 


(( 


BARROWS"  PRUNER 


Special    Features 

A  perfectly  easy  and  smooth    "  draw 
out  "  action. 

Detachable    Blades. 

The  only  pruner  that  does  not  pinch 
or    squeeze    the    shoot. 

BLACK    7/6. 

Spare    Blades    1/-    each. 

Postage  7d. 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

BURMAN  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

Leebank  Works,  BIRMINGHAM. 


GARDEN   FURNITURE 


Eil^. 

,-  Ij 

Greenhouses 

hBhbe^ 

l&^^ 

1 

Garden     . 
.     Frames 

»|f 

U 

Etc. 

■ 

A 

Lists    Free. 

For  Other  Designs  send  for  Illustrated  Book, "  For  the  Garden." 

THE  '•BUCKINGHA.M  "  SEAT  and  TABLE,  substantially  con- 
structed of  selected  red  deal  left  rough  from  the  saw,  except  the 
Slats  of  Seat  and  Table,  which  are  planed. 

They  are  finished  with  a  special  preservative  which  protects  the 
wood  from  the  weather,  and  makes  them  look  JUST  LIKE  OAK. 
An  Ideal  Seat  for  Tea.  Club  or  Private  Gardens,  Bowling  Greens, 
ttc,  being  specially  constructed  to  stand  hard  wear. 
Length  nf  Seat  4ft.  6in.  Other  sizes  to  order.  It  is  very  ine.\pensive 
.ind  really  an  ornamental  seat.  35/-  each  ;  66/-  for  2  seats  or  2  tables, 
or  1  seat  and  I  table  ;  98/-  for3  seats  or  3  tables,  or  2  seats  and  I  table. 
This  seat,  finished  smooth  and  painted  3  coats,  white  or  green, 
£2  8/-  each.     All  Carriage  Paid.     Cash  with  Order. 

W.  T.  REVITT,  Railway  Works,  OLNEY. 


EUREKAiTf^ 


Wl  NTER  WASH.   c^ulV.^'^rjKAu,. 

THE    MOST  EFFtCTIVE  WASH     FOR    FRUIT  TREES     Ac. 
-     )  IN    l'6   TINS     FOR    lO   TO    16    GALLS    OF  WASH. 

WORM    KrLLER.     LAWN   SAND    A    GARDEN    SUNDRIES. 


OnlyAldress:  TOMLINSON  ic  Havwakd  Lt?  LINCOLN. 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  Jenkins,  7/6  net, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrated.  Published  at  the 
offices  of  * '  CouNTRr  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


SITUATIONS     VACANT. 


NURSERYMAN  required  by  the  GOVERN- 
MENT OF  KENYA  for  thi-  FORESTRY  DEPARTMENT  for 
u  tour  of  from  twenty  to  thirty  months*  continuous  residential 
service  with  possible  permanency.  Salarj-  £250  per  annuni, 
risinji  to  £350  per  annum  by  annual  increments  of  £15,  payable 
locally  in  Porins  at  ten  to  the  £,  with  a  special  local  allowance 
of  50%.  which  is  liable  to  reconsideration  in  March.  1922. 
Outfit  allowance  of  £30  on  first  appointment.  Single  quartoi-s 
free  of  rent  and  free  passages  (accominodati<^)n  ior  wims  and 
families  not  available).  Liberal  leave  in  KiiL^lnml  mi  full  --alary. 
Candidates,  age  22  to  40,  must  have  served  a  full  aiipnatic-sliip 
witli  a  reputable  firm  of  nurser>'men,  and  juissrss  i-xin  rji-nci-  of 
raising  trees  from  seed,  and,  if  possible,  of  nest  in-:.  .Apply  at 
once  by  letter,  stating  age,  whether  married  or  siimlr.  and  j-iving 
full  particulars  of  experience,  to  the  Crown  Agknts  for  the 
CoLONlKS,  4,  Millbank,  London,  S.W.I,  quoting  M/10772. 


GARDENER     (Head    working)    Wanted    for 

reduced  staff.  Experienced  good  manager,  four  under,  cottage, 
age  30  to  36.  C.  of  E. — Apply-,  stating  Wiiges,  to  Thk  Agent, 
I'^orde  Abbey,  Chard. 


HAVE  YOU   PROVIDED? 


THE     UNITED      HORTICULTURAL 
BENEFIT  and  PROVIDENT  SOCIETY 


P 


ROVIDES  27  -  per  week  in  illness  for  1/1^, 
18/-  for  9d.,  or  12/-  for  6d.  weekly 
contributions. 

ROVIDES  your  dependants  with  £10  at  death 

ROVIDES  you  with  a  Savings  Bank. 

ROVIDES  grants  from  Distress  and  Con- 
valescent Funds. 

Benefit  by  the  experience  of  a  member  who  has 
£150  to  his  credit  ! 

State  insured  members  may  pay  an  additional  2d. 

per  ueek  for  4/-  sick  pay,  or  4d.  per  week  for  8/-, 

in  addition  to  the  btate   Benefits  and  £10  payable 

at  death. 

Private  and  Market  Gardeners,  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen  and 
Florists  up  to  the  age  of  45  years  are  eligible  for  membership. 

These    advantages    are    fully    explained    in    the    pamphlet 
(send  stamp),  obtainable  from  the 

SECRETARY,  35,  Alexandra   Road,  West  Kensington,  W.14. 


ASK  FOR 


ALL   GLASS 
STRUCTURES 


THAT 


Tcade  Mark.     Reg.  No.  14.629. 


Require  Outside  Shading 

SUMMER  CLOUD  SHADING  (the  only  genuine  and 
original  article). 

All  rights  Transferred  by  Deed  to  Corry  &  Co.,  Bedford 
Chambers,  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C.2,  by 
Hy.  Elliott,  on  March  27th,  I8«2. 

It  has  been  in  general  use  for  OVER  40  YEARS.* 

BE    SURE    TO     ASK    FOR; 

SUMMER  CLOUD 


AND     SEE      THAT      YOU       GET      IT. 
Sold  by  all  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

Sold    in    packets    containing    8oz.  for   lOOft.  of  glass,    l!&'. 
24oz..  3/6.    Cheaper  in  Bulk. 

Manufactured  by 

CORRY    &    CO.,     Ltd., 

at  their  Bonded  Chemical  Works, 

SHAD      THAMES,     S.E.I. 

Offices  &  Show  Rooms  :  Bedford  Chambers,  Coveot  Garden,  London. W.C.Z 


Mav 


19:^1. 


THE     GARDEN. 


EDDY'S     NETS 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS. 

For    Fruit    Protection.       Square    and  Diamond 
Mesh.      All   kinds  and  sizes. 

TENNIS     BOUNDARY     NETS. 

All  widths  and  lengths. 

TENNIS     NETS. 

Various  qualities. 

REPAIRED     NETS. 

All  sizes. 

NETS     FOR     ALL     PURPOSES. 


Samf>les  ami  List  of  Prices  from  the  Mttnit/acturers 

JOSEPH     BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
BARROW-ON-H  UMBER. 

(Sole  Proprietors  of  B.  EDDY  &  SONS.) 


GARDEN      NETTING. 

Strong  small  mesh.  50  by  1  yd..  5  6;  50  by  2.  11  -  :  50  by  4. 
£1  ;  100  by  1  yd..  11/-:  100  by  2,  £1;  '25  by  8.  £1.  New 
nettings,  s-in.  6d. ;  do.  i-in.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  steam 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords,  No.  1  quality,  7Ad. ;  No.  2  quality.  6d. 
squa  e  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr.  piid,  pass,  train. 
I  hold  the  larijest  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  Write  for  large  list. 
W.   OLIVER  ALLEN,  Net  Maker.   Porthleven.    Cornwall. 

Tch-^f.im-^:   Oliver  AUen.   Pnrthtcvcn. 


WEEDING  'I 

BACKACHING 

and 

NEVER  ENDING 
JOB 

The  best  way 
to  destroy  Weeds  on  Drives, 
Paths    and    Gravel    Spaces 
is  to  use 

COOPER'S 
WEEDICIDE 

HIGHLY    CONCENTRATED 

1    gallon   mixed   with    100    galloni   of  water 

is  sufficient  to  treat  300  to  400  square  yards 

of  surface. 

Gained  Royal   Horticultural  Society 
Commended"    Award 

\n  Qt.  and  \.  1.  2.  5.  10.  20  and  40  galloai. 


COOPER'S 

1— SO 

WEED-KILLER 

is  also  an  excellent  pre- 
paration for  killing  weeds, 
bat  lower  in  price  and 
less     concentrated      than 

Weedicide. 
Sold  10  same  lizes  as  Weedicida 

OF   AGENTS   EVERYWHERE 


Revised  prices  on  application  to  the 
Sole  Manufacturers: 
WtlUam  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS.  Ltd., 
BERKHAMSTED. 


YOU  CAN 
ERECT  THIS 

10ft.  GREENHOUSE  in  90  minutes 


With  onlv  six  sections  to  this  B.&P. 
Greenhouse.  No.  H4ya,  its  complete 
erection  can  be  effected  in  90  min- 
utes without  skilled  labour.  More- 
over, if  it  is  desired  to  dismantle  the 
Greenhouse  to  change  its  location 
it  can  be  done  in  the  same  amount 
of  time  without  removing  a  single 
pane  of  glass. 


Our  "Amateur's  Greenhouse,"  No. 
H49a,  is  dispatched  ready  glazed 
with  15  oz.  glass ;  painted  2  coats, 
with  bolts  and  screws  for  fixing. 
Carriage  paid  to  most  Railway 
Stations  in  England  and  Wales. 
Supplied  trom  stock,  or  made  to 
15  ft.,  20  ft.  or  25  ft.  length  to  order. 


SIZE 

10  X  8' 


£33 . 11 . 0 


Supplied 
from  stock. 


With  reasonable  care  extraordinary  Horticultural  results 
can  be  obtained  with  one  of  these  compact  and  handy 
Greenhouses.  Recently  we  received  untouched  photo- 
graphs of  a  magnificent  display  of  orchids  and  exotic 
plants  grown  to  perfection  in  one  of  these  H49a  Green- 
houses. Our  "Amateur's  Greenhouse  "  and  stages  were 
supplied  from  stock,  to  which  was  added  only  a  boiler  and 
two  4  in.  hot  water  pipes  on  one  side. 

We  can  quote  you  for  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Fruit  Ranges, 
Flower  Houses,  Heatings  and  Frames  of  all  descriptions.  Do  not  fail  to 
consult  us  if  you  are  thinking  of  erecting  a  glass-house.    Estimates  free. 

HBoult^i&Riul^ 


TELEGRAMS  t 


LONDON    OFFICE  : 


BOULTON,  NORWICH     [  Chlcf  OfflCC  &  WofIcS  :    "5-7,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  ST. 

Telogpamsi  E.G. 4 

n'oTwIch   851  iNORWICHi  f"T'Q«E,  «";»i/«^«''| 

NORWICH         85  1         .     Telephonei    CENTRAL    4642 


Published  by  ""  Country  Life.' 


Limited,  at  20.  Tavistock  Street,  Strand,  W.C.2.  and  by  George  Newnes.  Limited.^  8-11.  Southampton  Street.  Strand.  \V.C.2, 
and  Printed  by  Thk  Avenue   Press.  SS  &  57.   Drury  Lane.   London.  W.C.2* 


THE     GARDEN' 


May  'ilsT.  \9.l\. 


BUNYARD'S 
FRUIT  TREES 


..^^■■ 


SANSPAREIL 


Three     Excellent    Apples 
EDWARD    VII. 


ROSS     NONPAREIL 


Write    for    our    Illustrated    Catalogue     of 
Fruits,      full      of      valuable      information. 


GEORGE   BUNYARD  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

Royal   Nurseries,  MAIDSTONE. 


THE 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2584. 

Batered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,   May  28,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17/4;    Foreign.    17/4 


IRIS     AZURE. 

I  have  loved  tbe  lily,  the  iris,  and  the  gladiolus,  for  many  years;  and  sometimes 
the  lily  has  been  first  in  my  affections  and  sometimes  the  iris,  with  gladiolus  always 
a  good  third.  But,  slowly  and  surely,  the  iris  has  won  highest  place.  Think  of 
the  forms  this  enchantress  can  take  and  her  manifold  charms  of  colour.  Given  a  cold 
frame  and  a  little  industry,  you  may  have  irises  blooming  for  ten  months  in  the  year. 
.     .     .     They  are  to  the  garden  what  Chopin  is  to  music." 

Eden  Phillpotts  in  "  Mv  Garden." 


MXtmutii 


cius 


THE     KING'S 
SEEDSMEN, 

READING. 


SUTTON'S  PANSIES. 

SUnON'S  PERFECTION. 

The  finest  strain  of  Pansy  in  culti- 
vation. It  is  impossible  to  convey  an 
adequate  idea  of  the  delighttui  vari- 
ations in  colour  and  marking  of  these 
handsome  flowers. 

Per  packet  5/-,  2/6  and  1/6. 

SUnON'S  DELICATE  SHADES. 

A  lovely  strain,  quite  distinct  from 
the  ordinary  Pansy  colours. 

Per  packet  2/6  and  1/6. 


MERRYWEATHER'S     ROSES 


FOR    EXHIBITION! 
FOR    EVERYWHERE! 


FOR    THE    GARDEN ! 
FOR    BEDS! 

Also   Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 


H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

BARR'S  CLEARANCE  SALE 

OF 

Summer  &  Autumn  Flowering  Bulbs 
at   greatly   reduced    prices. 


Alstromerias,  Belladonna  Lilies,  Anemones,  Large-Howered 
Gladioli,  Japanese  Lilies,  Montbretias,  Oxalis,  Ranunculus, 
Vallotas  and  Tuberoses. 

Deficritftive    List    on    af^plicafion. 

BA    ^^  O  C  r>  IVI  C  11,      12      *     13,       KING      STREET, 

**  1^   1^  Ot  ^V^l^^,        COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON,  W.0.2 

O  RGH I  DS 

of  vigorous   habit  and  superior  constitution.       A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect     our     immense     and     interesting     STOCK 

RAISED     BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice    Species,    Rare    Botanical    Specimens.        Albinos    in    warm   and    cool 
sections  also  a  speciality. 

E.xpert    Advice   given    and    all    Requisites    supplied    for     the    good    culture 

of  Orchids. 

CHARLESWORTH  &  CO.,  "^h^e^^S!*" 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  28,   1921. 


^'THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose  Grower    of  England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retaii   Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Han  LEY  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
of  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS    AND     FLOWER  INQ     SHRUBS 


R.    &    G.    CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
tree 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.    H.    BATH    Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  eto. 


HENRY  ECKFORD 

Wem 
SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post    Free   on 
application 


ARTINDALE'S     HERBACEOUS     CATALOGUE 

Post    Free    on    application. 

20  Acres  of  HARDY  FLOWER  ROOTS. 

The   finest   stock  in   the  country. 
Wm.     ARTINDALE     &     SON,     Florists, 

Nurseries:  SHEFFIELD  &  BOSTON.  SHEFFIELD. 

PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thorollchly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  Bowers,  written  by  Ladrence  J.  COOK, 
Is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20. 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.a. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

insecticides   and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  am  Garden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Eatau 

Cranmer  Street  «"<'  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyer 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


G.   H.   RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL    ALL 

Fertilizers  and 

Agricultural 

Manures 


BARNARDS,   Ltd. 
NORWICH 


For  Espaiiers, 
Cordons,  Trellis, 
Lattice  and  all 
Qarden  Requisites 
Quotatione  on 
application. 


HY.  RICHARDSON  &  CO. 
Skeldergate  Bridge  Works, 
YORK. 


Lawfn,  Qarden, 
Fruit  Tree,  and 
Horticultural 
Fertilisers 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG    &    CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE   US 


Landscape  and 
Qarden  Archi- 
tects, specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardena,  eto. 


R.   WALLACE   &    CO., 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Ltd. 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Oueen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  international 
Show.  iyi2. 


J.    CHEAL   &   SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  eto. 


HODSON'S.    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i 

Tel.  No. :  Vic.  53 14. 

Have  several  good  meu  available,  and 

can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardena  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


PULMAM  ®  SON 

BY  APPOINTMENT  TO  MIS  MXJEST\' 

71  NEWNLAJS  SI  QxrORDSr 
LONDON • W 

NLfP^ERIES  -ELSENMAM  ESSEX 


Cr^fJ^men- 

romial  Gardens  • 
PI*J3S  DSurceys  ■ 
V6,.9e5  ■Founlains- 
Fj^(jr"cs  -  ^^undials-t*- 


Mr.  wm.  ACWORTH,  M.A.,      Advice  given 
Farrs,  Gerrards  Cross.  on  all  Garden 

Tel.  202.  Problems. 


A.  CECIL  BARTLETT 
318,  Kew  Road 
KEW 


Landscape  Gardener 

(late  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew), 

Expert  Adviser  on 

Gardens  and 

Woodlands. 


Heating  Apparatus 


YORK  STONE 

CRAZY  PAVING. 

Delivered     free      in      London      within 

reasonable  distance  at   lOd.  per  foot 

super.,  100  feet  lots,  or  more. 


C.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 

Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List   No.   42 

Post  Free 


Rockeries    Formed     and      Planted      by 
Expert    Workmen.        Estimates    Free. 


WM.  BIGNELL  &  SON, 

Garden     Contractors, 
HIGHGATE,  N.6. 


ERNEST  DIXON 

NURSERIES 


Gardens  with  Stone 

made  anywhere  at 
Reasonable    Prices. 

A  Small  Sunken 

Octagonal  Garden. 

See  Exhibit  at 

CHELSEA  SHOW. 

Hardy    Plants    and 
Rock     Gardens 

always  on  view  at 

EAST   PUTNEY 

(District  Rly.) 

Corresfyondetice      and 

visits  imntcd. 

COME  AND  SEE. 


ROCK    PLANT 
COLLECTIONS. 

Well  grown  plants,  mostly  from  pots,  judiciously  selected 
for  beauty  of  flower  or  leaf  the  year  through.  Carefully 
packed  and  sent  carriage  paid  for  Cash. 

12— 7  6.  10/6.         25-15/-,  20/-.         50—27/6,  35/-. 
FREDK.    G.   WOOD,    Marsden    Nursery,   ASHTEAD,    SURREY. 

PENTSTEMONS 


GUTBUSH'S  GIANT  FLOWERED. 

No  flowering  plant  has  come  into  greater 
prominence  during  the  last  few  years  than 
Pentstemons.  They  are  invaluable  for  Bedding 
or  for  mi.xing  in  the  Herbaceous  Borders.  The 
great  range  of  colour,  freeness  of  flowering, 
and  lasting  qualities  make  them  a  necessity 
in  every  garden. 

We  have  given  great  attention  to  improving 
this  useful  flower  and  at  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society's  trials  our  varieties  were  given  9 
Awards  of  Merit  and  3  Highly  Commended. 

No  plant  is  more  easily  grown,  they  flourish 
in  any  well  cultivated  soil. 

Plants  ready   NOW  in  pots,  from  5/-  per  doz. 
Please   ask  for  Special   List. 


WM.     CUTBUSH     &     SON, 

Florist   Flower  Department, 

BARNET  NURSERIES,  BARNET,  Herts,  ^ 

and    at    Highgate    Nurseries,    N.6. 


May  28,    1921. 


GARDEN. 


^dfc3>ji 


sow   NOW— FOR    SPRING    FLOWERING. 

VfEBBS'  WALLFLOWERS.  The  verv  finest  strains. 
KUfVER  FAVOURITE,  blood  red  ;  CANAE.Y  BIRD,  golden 
vellow:  EASTERN"  QUEEN,  salmon  shaded;  VULCAN, 
velvety  crimson ;  UNIVERSAL,  mixed ;  DOUBLE,  mixed. 
Each  8d.  and  1/-  per  pkt.  Post  free.  Catalogue  free.— Webb 
AND  Sons,  Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DRON"S,  Araleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
3ilaple3  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants, 
Water  Lilies,  Border  Chrj'santhemums,  Bedding  Plants,  Dahlias, 
Violas,  etc. — John  Wateser,  Sons  <fe  Ckisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
Surrey,  Twyford,  Berks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND    GLAZING 

— "  VITROLITB "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins,  3/ft  each;  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
— Full  particulars  (rom  Walter  Cakson  &  SONS,  Grove  Works, 
Battersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhodudendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceoas 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  6.  Eeuihe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE. 

—The    only    reliable    and     complete    substitute     for     Stable 
manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  x. 


WM.   DUNCAN    TUCKER    &   SONS,   LTD., 

Lawrence    Road.    South    Tottenham,    N.15.  —  Conservator] e.s. 
Winter  Gardens,  Vineries.  Peach  Houses.  Portable  Buildings,  A'c. 


SCOTCH    SEED    POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

p*r  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlothian 
Early,  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6  ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6;  King  George  V,  3/-;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Early,  4/6;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— TiiLiE,  Whyte  &  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
Insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal..  2/.  ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  Ac.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MoDouoall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.    Established  1845. 


CHELSEA    SHOW.— LAXTONS'    STRAW- 

BERRIES  will  be  exhibited  in  the  Large  Tent,  near  the  Embank- 
ment entrance  ;  also  NEW  POLYANTHA  ROSES,  Crimson 
Orleans  and  Pink  Delight. — Laxton  Bbothers,  Bedford. 


EARLHAM     GIANT     MONTBRETLAS.— All 

who  are  interested  in  these  wonderful  modern  plants  should 
send  for  H.  J.  Jones*  Catalogue  containing  full  descriptions  and 
prices.  H.  J.  J.  will  be  pleased  txj  send  a  dozen  very  fine  ones, 
hia  selection,  for  10/-  box.  packing  and  carriag-^  free  for  cash 
with  order. — Ryeckoft  Nceseries,  Lewisham.  S.E.13. 


GARDEN    NETS,    tanned,    small    mesh,    for 

strawbrrry  and  fruit  protection,  30  yards  long,  1  yard  wide, 
I  5/- ;  SO  by  2,  10/-  ;  30  by  3,  16/-  ;  30  by  4,  21/-,  carriage  paid. 
I   — A.  SIMMS,  Netting  Works,  Rye. 


HOCKEY,  GOLF,  CROQUET  AND  LAWN 

Tennis,  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tiative  writers,  are  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  CoDNiay 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Oovent  Garden,  W.C.2. 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND    FRUITS ; 

with  chapters  on  "  Drj'Ing  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."    By  Hbebert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Qarden).    9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Co  UN  try  Lifb," 
'    Ltd^  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


BARR'S  SEEDS  for  MAY  &  JUNE  SOWING 

for   the    greenhouse,     flower  Tand    vegetable    garden.      Finest 
straias  and  tested  growth.     Descriptive  list  free. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Haeyey.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2/6  net ; 
cleth  3/6  net;  postage  4d.  e.xtra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  ConNTRY  LiFS,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.i 


BARR'S  CLEARANCE  SALE  OF  SURPLUS 

BULBS  for  present  planting.  Alstromerias,  Anemones,  Gladioli, 
Japanese  Lilies,  etc.  List  on  application. — Bakr  AND  SONS, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  ■W.C,2. 


THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  DOCQLAS,  Great 
liookham. 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — WILLIAM  Beattie,  8,_Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING    for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
gitrdeu  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  &  Paol,  LTD., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921  ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application. — J.  W.  Cole  &.  SON,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/-  ; 
i-gallon,  4/9;  1-galIon,  7/-;  S-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  MCBougall 
Bros.,   Ltd.,  Port  Street,   Manchester.     Established  1845. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  '*  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England.— Hodson  &  Son,  68,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham. 


WELLS '     CHRYSANTHEMUMS,  —  Japanese 

and  Incurved  exhibition  varieties,  6/-  per  dozen  plants. 
Single  and  Decorative^  for  flowering  In  the  greeobouse, 
November  and  December,  6/-  per  doKen,  Early -flowering 
varieties  for  planting  In  the  garden  In  May,  to  bloom  from 
August  till  October,  5/-  per  dozen,  or  100  In  25  varieties  for  30/-. 
Catalogues  post  free  on  application. — W.  Wells  &  Co., 
Merstbam,  Surrey. 


FLOWER  POTS.— 10  8in.,   15  6in.,  15  5in., 

15  4ins.,  15  Sins.,  complete,  packed  free,  16s.  Illustrated 
list  of  pots,  saucers,  seed  and  cutting  pans,  seakale  and 
rhubarb  pots,  etc.,  free. — Thos.  Jeavons,  Potteries,  Brierley 
Hill. 


SOW  NOW— BATH'S   EMPRESS   PANSIES, 

as  grown  for  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Frogmore.  The  richest  and 
largest  flowering  strain  of  Pansies  extant.  Per  packet  2/6  and 
1/0  post  free  for  cash  with  order.  R.  H.  Bath,  Ltd..  (Dept.  E.). 
The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 

TENNIS  COURT   BOUNDARY  NETTING,— 

Fitted  with  strong  lines.  1 25yds.  by  2yds.,  20/-  ;  25yda.  by  Syds, 
26/-  ;   25yds.  by  4yda.,  34/-. — Hawthorn,  Dept.  E,  Shrewsbury. 

CACTI  !   CACTI !  !  —  Belgian    Grown,    1,250 

choice  aanu-d  varieties  from  6d.  to  £5  each.  Twelve  all  different 
named,  7/-,  14/-,  21/-,  carriage  paid.  Cacti  list  free. — Cacti 
AND  Fkrns.  Table  N.  Chelsea  Show. — H.  N.  Ellison,  liull 
Street.  West  Bromwich. 


SUTTON'S  Early-Flowering  WALLFLOWER, 

YELLOW     PHCENIX 
This    delightful    Wallflower  will    commence    blooming';  in    the 
Autumn  and  continue  throughout  the  Winter    if  the  weather 
proves  open,  and  burst  into  full  flower  at  the  advent  of  Spring 

Per  Packet.  Is.  6d. 
SUTTON  <S    SONS,   THE   KING'S  SEEDSMEN.  READING 


CUT     FLOWERS.  —  KELW  AY'S     LOVELY 

P.'EONIES. — We  are  prepared  to  book  orders  for  these  glorious 
rtowers.  Ready  from  end  of  May  to  beginning  of  July.  Ad 
t-ndless  variety  of  lovely  tints,  white,  delicate  cream,  faint 
blush,  creamy  yellow,  lilac  rose,  rose  pink,  peach,  deep  rose, 
d«M-p  amethyst,  cherry  red,  crimson,  maroon  and  purple.  Prices 
from  9/-  to  12/-  per  doz.  Cash  with  order.  Post  free.  The 
Pseony  is  eminently  suitable  for  home,  ballroom  and  church 
decoration. — Write  at  once  to  The  Retail  Plant  Dept.,  Kelway 
AND  SON,  Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  C0„  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Oardealng 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.    Mention  this  paper. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 

WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free. — E.  Wallace  &  Co.,   Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tunbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,    NESTING    BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.     4)    free.— 
MOORTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chlswlck. 


WATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12/6, 

carriage  paid,  different  colours ;  choice  waterside  plants  10/ti 
doz..  Alpines  6/-,  9/-  and  11/-  pT  doz.,  all  different,  named  and 
post  free.  CatalogTies  gratis. — BoWELL  A  Skarratt,  Nurseries, 
Cheltenham. 


McDOUGALL'S  "FUMERS"    &    INSECTI- 

CIDE  "  Sheets  "  for  greenhouse  fumigation ;  safe,  effectlv* 
and  economical.  Sold  by  all  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.— 
McDouQALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  filanche^ter. 


GARDEN      NETTING.  —  Prompt      delivery. 

5(lvds.  by  4yds..  16/6  ;  25yds.  by  Svds.,  17/6.  STOUT  NEW 
NETTING  (Tanned),  25yds.  by  4yds.,  29/6  ;  50yds.  by  4yds., 
50/9.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also  Tennis  Boundary  Nets. — 
The  Goorock  Ropework  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS    SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — Tbrry  Lee,  16,  Morden  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


HEATING    APPARATUS    for    Greenhouses, 

Vineries,  etc.,  complete  with  various  arrangements  of  pipes 
to  suit  any  size  or  shape  house ;  separate  parts  supplied. 
Vanguard,  Conical,  Sectional,  Saddle  and  Coil  Boilers.  Pipes, 
Joints,  Fittings,  etc.  Illustrated  List  4,  free. — Thomas  Jeavons. 
Silvery  Street  Works,  Brierley  Hill. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

by  A.  J.  Macself.  A  practical  booklet  on  the  best  method"" 
of  cultivating  these  popular  flowers.  9d.  net;  by  post,  lid. 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Cocntky  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  MOST  OP  IT.  A  new  and  practical  booklet  by  the  late 
W.  TuuEiovE.  9d.  net ;  by  post,  lid.  Published  at  the 
Offices  of  ••  CotTNTRT  LIFE,"  LTD.,  20,  TavistockJStreef,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2 

HOME  MADE  PICKLES,     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid.—"  Codntkt  Life,"  Offices,  20,  T»vi«took 
Street,   Cevent  (3ardCB.   W.C.2. 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  jESKiss,  7/6  net, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrated.  Publiabed  at  the 
aOkces  of  ' '  ConKntT  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Taviatock  St«e«t, 
(3ove»t  Okidcm,  W.C.2. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants  in  Health 

and  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H.,  freely  illustrated. 
7/6  net,  by  post  8/-.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manaser, 
"  CODNTEY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Stnet,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


IV. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[May  28,  1921. 


G.  G.  WHITELEGG  &  CO. 


New  Strawberry,  "  Hatfield  Victor." 

This  variety  caused  quite  a  sensation  during  the  past 

season.    The  e.xtraordinars'  size  of  the  fruit,  and  the  fine 

colour  and  flavour,  place  it  quite  in  a  class  by  itself.     It  is 

a  very  strong  grower,  a  free  cropper,  and  forces  well. 

Strong   Plants,   10/6  per  doz. 

New  Strawberry,  "  Hatfield  Premier." 

This  second  early  variety  is  particularly  notable  for  its 
magnificent  Havour,  which  excels  that  of  any  other  variety 
in  cultivation.  The  fruit  is  of  conical  shape  large  and 
very  highly  coloured.  A  strong  grower,  and  an  enormous 
cropper,  we  strongly  recommend  "  Hatfield  Premier  "  as 
the  best  variety  for  general  cultivation,  and  also  for 
forcing. 

Strong  Plants,   16/-  per  doz. 

New  Red  Currant,  "  Littlecrott  Beauty." 

No  written  description  can  do  justice  to  this  splendid 
hardy  fruit.  It  is  seldom  that  a  new  variety  is  sent  out 
which  IS  such  a  striking  advance  on  the  older  sorts  in 
cultivation.  An  extraordinarily  free  cropper  with  bunches 
and  individual  fruit  of  immense  size,  this  is  one  of  the 
most  profitahle  fruits  for  every  garden,  and  should  be 
planted  in  quantity. 

Strong   Plants,   1/6  each,   16/-  per  doz. 
The  "  Newberry." 

The  results  of  a  cross  I  etween  the  old  Loganberiy  and 
Raspberry  Superlative  '■  this  is  quite  the  best  of  the 
numerous  hardy  berries  in  cultivation.  Th-  fruit  is  very 
large,  coreless  and  practically  seedless,  with  a  raspberry 
Havour.  The  plant  is  an  e.-cceedingly  heavy  cro  per,  strong 
canes  bearing  as  many  as  four  hundred  fruits. 

2/-  each,  21/-  per  doz. 


SPECIALITIES 


The  Rock  and  Water  Garden,  possessing  as  it 
does  an  infinitely  varied  and  permanent  beauty 
of  its  own,  must  be  an  essential  feature  in  every 
planned  garden.  Properly  designed  and  planted 
well  it  provides  a  source  of  interest  and  pleasure 
throughout  the  whole  year. 

We  are  specialists  in  this  work,  and  our  long 
experience  in  design  and  construction  ensures 
satisfactory  results.  Our  collection  of  Plants  for 
the  Rock  Garden  at  our  Chislehurst  Nurseries  is 
very  complete,  and  includes  everything  of  real 
value. 

HERBACEOUS   BORDERS. 

Herbaceous  Plants  are  also  a  feature  of  our  Nur- 
series, and  our  stock  is  in  very  fine  condition. 

ROSES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES  &  SHRUBS, 
AND  FRUIT  TREES. 

These  are  grown  in  large  quantities  at  our 
Orpington  Nurseries,  and  are  of  the  very  finest 
quality.  We  have  discarded  all  old  and  second- 
rate  varieties,  and  our  collections  are  thoroughly 
up-to-date  in  all  respects. 


It  is  gratifying  to  note  the  increasing  popularity 
of  these  lovely  flowers,  which  stand  unrivalled 
for  diversity  of  colour  and  beauty  of  form  in  the 
early  Summer  garden.  Our  magnificent  collec- 
tion of  varieties  and  species  at  our  Orpington 
Nurseries  is  one  of  the  finest  in  existence,  and 
includes  the  latest  new  varieties  raised  by  the 
leading    hybridists  in   this  country  and   abroad. 


Our  New  Catalogue  will 
be  ready  in  June  and  will 
be  sent   free  on    request. 


IRIS     HOOGIANA 

A.M.,     R.H.S.,     1919 

We  have  a  large  stock  of  this  wonderful  new 
Iris,  which  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
garden  plants  introduced  during  recent  years. 
It  grows  about  2i  to  3ft.  high,  and  carries  in 
great  profusion  large  blooms  of  a  lovely  shade 
of  pale  soft  blue.       Plant  early  in  October. 

Price    1/3    each,    12/-    per   doz. 


THE  NURSERIES,        CHISLEHURST        {St'""''S''' 


Telephone : 
BROMLEV  1332. 


B.  H.   B.  SYMONS-JEUNE, 


LANDSCAPE     AND 
GARDEN     ARCHITECT. 


ROCK  &  WATER  GARDENS 


A    SPECIALITY. 


Write    for   full    particulars    to— 

45a,    Hill   Street, 

Knightsbridge, 

London,   S.  W. 


May  28,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


•  O  ••••©-••-O 


Gardens^Gazes 

We  specialise  in  the  designing  and  formation  of     .     .     . 

OLD    ENGLISH,     DUTCH,     ITALIAN,    JAPANESE    AND 

AMERICAN     ROCK,    WALL     AND     WATER     GARDENS 

the    building    of    Pergolas    and    Treillage,    and    we    have    every    facility    for 
the     carrying     out      of     all     classes     of      Estate     Work     and      Improvement. 


We    are    the    Sole    Makers    0/   the 


ALL-WEATHER  TENNIS  COURTS  which  permit  of  all  the  year  round  play. 


SEND  FOR 

ILLUSTRATED 

BOOKLET 


ENQUIRIES  WILL 
RECEIVE  PROMPT 
ATTENTION     .    .    . 


W.  H.  GAZE  &  SONS  UP 

Head  Office  and  Works  : 
19-23,     HIGH     STREET,     KINGSTON-ON-THAMES 

London  Office  : 
11,  HANOVER  SQUARE,  W  1 


Telepbone : 

King«lon       3000 
D«pl.  }  (5  lines) 


Telephone  : 
Mayfair  3973 
3974 


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VI. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[May  28,  1921. 


ORCHIDS 

Clean,  well-ftrown  and  cheap;  also 
Many    Rare  and  Choice  Varieties. 

STOVE  &  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  OF  ALL  KINDS 

h'hiilly  scud  for  Catalogue. 

JAMES  CYPHER  &  SONS, 

Exotic  Nurseries   -    CHELTENHAM. 


CARNATIONS  to  see  at  CHELSEA  SHOW 

Our  new  disease  resisting  variety,  "WHITE  PEARL,"  the  finest  white  in  commerce  of  delicious 
clove  perfume.  Also  should  be  noted  "LORD  LAMBOURNE  "  (deep  scarlet),  "LADY  INVER- 
FORTH"  (salmon),  "MRS.  RICHARD  GERRISH  "  (the  new  apricot  colour),  "VIOLET  iVlOND" 
(petunia    colour),  "SHEILA    GREER"   (orange  flecked   flame   red).     The   set  of  6  varieties  in   young 

plants  (5  -  each)  for  27/6 

12  good  Plants  for   Bedding,  in  bud,  from  Sin.   pots,    18/- 

Special    oftcr    of    12    Flowering    Plants,    old    favourite   varieties,    extra    size,    in   6   in.    pots,    for   36/- 

STUART  LOW  &  CO.,  Bush  Hill  Park,  Enfield,  Middx. 


PESTI  BUX 


A    CERTAIN    REMEDY. 


NA/  H  A  T       IS       PESTIBUX? 

A  chemically  treated   lime   compound   which  destroys  all  pests.      A  preventive  and  cure  for  "  Club   Root." 

Mice,  Cats,  Rats  and  Birds  are  kept  at  bay  if  PESTIBUX  is  dusted  about  seeds  (and  plants)  after  sowing. 

PESTIBUX  is  the  most  certain  specific  yet  found  for  gall-root,  leather  jackets,  onion  fly,  eelworm  (root-knot),  carrot  fly, 
^reen  fly  and  other  aphides,  maggots,  caterpillars,  snails,  slugs,  etc.,  and  all  the  pests  that  attack  growing  plants  in  garden, 
greenhouse  and  orchard. 

Testimony  of  official  horticulturists,  fruit  growers,  etc.,  all  strong  and  definite  as  to  the  efficacy  of  PESTIBUX. 

71b.  bag,  3/9;   141b.  bag,  7/6;  281b.  bag,  15/-;   1  cwt..  45/6.     Carriage  paid.     Special  quotations  for  larger  quantities. 

Special  Price  Lists  of  Dry  Spraying  Machines  on  application. 


Write  for  full  information   on  the  use  of  Pestibux,  Limbux,   Bordobux,   etc.,  to    J.   L.   EDGINTON,    ECCLESALL,    SHEFFIELD. 


Proprietors  and  Manufacturers  :      THE  BUXTON  LIME  FIRMS  CO.,   Ltd.,   ROYAL  EXCHANGE,   BUXTON. 


ASK  FOR 


ALL   GLASS 


STRUCTURES 


THAT 


Trade  Mark.     Res.  No.  14,629. 


Require  Outside  Shading 

SUMMER    CLOUD     SHADING    (the    only    genuine    and 

ori^iinal  article). 
All    rishts   Transferred    by    Dted    to  Corry    &    Co..    Bedford 
Chambers.     Covent     Garden.      London.      W.C.2.      I'j 
Hy.  Elliott,  nn  March  27th.  1882. 

It  has  been  in  general  use  for  OVER  40  YEARS. 

BE    SURE    TO    ASH    FOR 

SUMMER  CLOUD 


AND     SEE      THAT       YOU       GET       IT. 

Sold  by  all  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

Sold    in    packets    containing    Soz.    for    100ft.   of   glass,    1/6 

,24oz..  3/6.     Cheaper  in   Bulk. 

Manufactured  by 

CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd., 

at  their  Bonded  Chemical  Works, 

SHAD      THAMES,     S.E.I. 

Offices  &  Show  Rooms  :   Bedford  Chambers   Covent  drden,  London, W.'~.2 


BIRDS  DEFIED,  tanned  netting. 

As  supplied  by  us  to  the  Royal  Gardens.  In  3  qualities. 
50  by  1  yd..  6/-,  8/6.  11/-  ;  2  yds.,  12/-,  17I-.  22/. ;  3  yds.,  18/-,  25  6. 
33/-;  4  yds.,  24/-.  34/.,  441-:   25  by  8  yds..  24/..  34/-.  44/. 

Carriage  Paid,  post  or  pass. 
HAWTHORN,     Ltd..    Depl.     E,    SHREWSBURY. 

EST,\BLISHED    33T.YEARS. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Garden   should  have  its   Beehive. 

Profitable,   easy  to    manage,   and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Semt  for    lUus.tratcd  Cahilo&uc   wi'h 
Advice  to  Beginner^ — Post  Free. 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 
Welwyn,    Herts. 


SIMPSON'S 

SUPER-SEED 
SNAPDRAGON 
PLANTS 

Spring  Sown  trans- 
pianted  plants  ready 
for  immediate  de- 
livery, 1/4  per  doz. 
(it  less  than  12  of  one 
variety,  at  2/-  per  doz. , 
not  less  than  6  ot  any  one  variety 
supplied),  2.S  or  more  of  any  one 
variety  at  8/6  per  100. 

Cafriage  mid  pachinf*.  -which  must 
he  added  to  ttboz^e  prices,  as  follows  : — 
Up  to  24  plan  s.  1/.;  from  24  to  100 
plants.    1/6.     200    to    300   plants.    3/-. 

VARIEITIES 

Intermediate.  l!-2  ft. 


Tall,  24-3  ft. 

FtiLTHAM  Beauty,  rose  pink. 

whitt;  lip. 
THE     King,     orange    scarlet, 

white  tube. 
Yellow     King,     rich     deep 

yellow. 


Electra.  orange,  white  tube; 
Fascination,  rnst-  pink: 
GOLDBN  Gem.   yellow;    LaDV 

ROBERTS,  p  inito-:c  ;  Maize 
Queen  Improved,  apricot 
chamois^  MORNING  Glow  Im- 
proved, oi.i  gold :  Prima 
Donna,     reach     pink,     white 

C       •      ^       o«  .  «        Cwi7»7-r      PCA  tube  ;         ROSEUM      SUPERBUM 

P?7n?s  o?        u^^n     date  '"'^^  ^'"^ '  ^^^^^  t}^^^^-  f^'"'* " 

FLINTS,         Ot        up-to-date  SYBIL   ECKFORD.  pale   ap- icot 

varieties        See    our    General         ^j^,^  „„  ^^^^^^    ^^^^^i  \Vhite 
^Sn  lo-  apphca-        ijuEEN.  white. 

W  H  SIMPSON  &  SONS  'Dept.  2).  Nurserymen&Seedsmen.BirioiDgham 


SECURE  your  WALL  SHRUBS,  Etc., 


EVERVMANS 

Wa//  Clip 
for  irainin^ 

Trees,  Ramblers, 
etc.. 

(Patent.) 


from  DAMAGE,  by 
the  SAFEST  and 
MOST  EFFECTIVE 

Method  Extant. 
A  Qreat  Time  Saver. 

From 

Leading  Sundriesmen, 
Army  &  Navy  Stores, 
Civil  Service  Stores, 
Messrs.  Barr  &  Sons, 
etc. 


Box    ot    50,    Medium    Siie,    3/-. 

ALSO      EVERYMAN'S      SEED      SOWER. 

(Patent.)    Price  1/-. 

Do  not  fail  to  see  these  at 

THE    CHELSEA    SHOW 

Exhibited  by  Messrs.  CORRY  &  CO..   Ltd. 

If  your   Dealer  is  out   of  stock,  send   P.O.  and 

2d.   extia   for  postage  to 

HOUSE     &     GARDEN      SUNDRIES     CO., 

Dept.  Q.,     10,     EASTCHEAP,      E.C.3. 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDE 


OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAP 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  41b.  and  71b.  tins. 

All    Packages    bear    Maker's    name,    and    the    public    are 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON     &     TEN  N  ANT,     LTD., 

Aberdeen,     Renfrew    &    London. 


May  28,   iq2i.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


THOUSANDS       OF       USERS       YEARLY 

testify    to    the    excellence    of    Wakeley's    Hop    Manure    for    all    purposes. 


HOP  MANURE 


(  PATENTED.) 


.     Fertilizer 
5«v  A 


Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society 

"  Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been 
used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at  VVisley, 
and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has 
proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders, 
fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both  under  glass 
and  out  in  the  open  air." 

.(Signed)     W.  V^VL.V^S,''.Secretary. 


AWARDED  DIPLOMA  AND  MEDAL  AT  THE 

ROYAL  INTERNATIONAL  HORTICULTURAL 

EXHIBITION,  1912. 

Beware  of  imitations. 
Genuine  only  in  our  marked  bags 

Containing  Guaranteed  Analysis. 


^COMPLETE  t: 


SUBSiTITUTE 


Prices  (including  bags)  :  Small  (about  1 
bushel),  2/3  ;  Large  (about  4  bushels), 
6/.  ;  5  Large,  28/9  ;  10  Large,  55/-; 
20  Large,  100/-.  Carriage  forward 
for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick 
Lime),  3/6  bushel  ba.^l,  carriage  forward. 

A  beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full 
particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt 
of  postcard. 


WAKELEY  BROS.  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  75a,  Bankside,  London 


KINNELL'S    HOSE 


BE  SATISFIED 
ONLY  WITH 
THE    BEST. 


HOSE    LIST    No.     6     POST    FREE. 


CHAS.  p.  KINNELL  &  Co., Ltd. 


SECURE  YOUR 
SUPPLIES 
NOW. 


Sample     Hose     sent     on     request. 

SOUTHWARK  ST. 
LONDON,       S.E.I. 


II 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT   SAFETY   WEED    KILLER. 

FREE    FROM    ARSENIC. 

Simple  to  use,   very  efteclive,  and   moreover  is   perfectly   safe 
Guaranteed    free    from    arsenic,    so    there    is    no    fear    of    poisoning  children,    anim.',. 
"~-  poultry,  etc. 

Sifl.'r/'"''    V;®    ''"'''•  '     '^='"°"     D'-""i=^    7/-   each. 

Wuart     ,,        3/-        „  5  oTiR 

^G-'i-  ■■  "''9   ■■ 40    ::    Casks  Is  10/.:: 

KATAKILLA 

The   perfect    msecticide    for    destroying    all     insect    pests    on 
Fruit,     Flowers     and     Vegetables. 

Destroys  Caterpillars  and   is  splendd    for   exterminating   green 
ny  on  roses  and  red  spider  on  cucumbers. 

KATAKILLA  IS    NON-POISONOUS 

Can  be  used  with  perfect  safety. 

If  any  difficulty  in  obtaining  supplies  locally,  please  write  for 

iTice  List  and  mention    name  and  address  of  local  seedsman 

nurseryman  or  ironmonger. 

Insist  on  McDougall's.        Refuse  Substitutes.        Avoid  Disappointment. 

McDOUGALL     BROS.,     LTD., 
66,    68,    PORT    STREET,    MANCHESTER.        Established  1845. 


II 


GARDEN       NETTIlNG. 

Strong  small  mesh,  50  by  I  yd.,  5  6;  50  by  2,  11-  ;  50  by  4 
£1;  100  by  1  yd..  11/-;  100  by  2,  £1;  25  by  8.  £1.  New 
nettings,  *-in.6d.;  do.  S-in.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  steam 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  1  quality.  7jd. ;  No.  2  quality.  6d. 
square  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr.  p.iid.  pass,  train. 
1  hold  the  larcest  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  Write  for  large  list. 
W.   OLIVER  ALLEN,  Net  Maker,    PoPlhleven,    Cornwall. 

TrUiir.nn^:  Oliver  Allen.  Porlhkvcti. 


NEPETA    MUSSINI,    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere,  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII,    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE   and   ROCK    PLANTS  for  any  given  aspect. 

10/6  ;  all  carriage  paid.    Cash. 

CATALOGUE    FREE. 

J.      TAUDEVIN, 

WILLASTON.    BIRKENHEAD. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

THE  BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL  POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

^Chrysanthemums. 

Fancy     Fern     Pans     and 

Bulb  Bowls, 

from  4d.  each. 

No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 

state  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Caprlaee 

Paid  quotation,  op  write  tor  Illustrated  Price  List 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD.. 

Royal     Potteries 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM 


Vlll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  28,  1921. 


ANTIRRHINUMS. 

Our    New    Season    List    now    ready.       Named    varieties 
only,   including   latest  introductions. 

Owing  to  the  great  demand  for  these  popular 
Bedding  Plants,  which  can  be  had  in  such  a  variety 
of  pleasing  shades  of  colour,   the  early  placing  of 

orders  is  respectfully  requested. 
Aurora— Brilliant  orange  scarlet  with  white  throat. 
Black  Prince  —  Deep  velvety  crimson  flowers  with  dark 

foliaRe. 
Bride.  Tlie-Pure  self-white,  very  large  flowers. 
Bonfire— Striking  shade  of  orange  witli  large  scarlet  throat. 
Carmine  Hing— Bright  carmine  red  self,  grand  for  bedding. 
Cottage  Maid— Charming  shade  of  soft  pink  with  white 

throat. 
Daphne — Dainty  coral  rose  with  white  throat. 
Defiance — Gorgeous  orange  red.    Very  showy. 
Dalila— Carmine  witfi  white  throat.    Very  pretty  shade. 
Firefly— Crimson  with  gold  blotch.    Very  striking. 
Fire  King— Glowing  orange  scarlet  with  white  throat. 
Golden  Queen— Lovely  deep  yellow  self. 
Mauve  Beauty — Rosy  mauve,  dainty  colour. 
Nelrose — Rich  silvery  pink,  excellent  late  bloomer. 
Sunset— Orange,  scarlet  and  pink.    Very  showy  flowers. 
Sulphur    Yellow— Primrose    and    sulphur    yellow,    fine 

flowers. 
Vesuvius— Tomato  red  with  yellow  blotch. 
Yellow  Queen — Splendid  yellow  self. 

Price  9/-  per  lOO.       Carriage  free. 

ERNEST    HILLS, 

THE  RHYDD  NURSERIES,  Hanley  Cas"-. Worcestershire 


m    Ensure  being  in  time  for  tlie  Season    ^ 
^  i 

I  ORDER     NOW  !  m 

IflERRYWEATHERS^ 
WATERING      I 


33rd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 


Orders  over  3/-  post  free.      Under,  please  add  4d.  to  help  meet 
high  rate  of  postage.      Half  lots  same  rate.      12/-  worth  for  10/-. 


•€ 
S 


HOSE 


Gardens 

Parks 

Garages 


FOR 

Golf  Links 
Cricket  Grounds 
Tennis  Lawns 


"  The  Hose  2  had  from  you  ten 
years  ago  is  as  good  as  cver^  and 
likely  to  last  another  ten." 


So  1 


rites  a  Merrywcather  Customer. 


Strong  one  year  okl  Alpine  Pinks,  Aquilegia,  Brompton 
Stocks,  Canterbury  Bells,  Chrysanthemum  Maximum, 
Coreopsis  {^randiQora.  Dianthus,  Chinese  Pinks,  Qaillardia 

grandiflora,  12*  1/6.     Carnations,  pood  border  doubles,  6,  1/G. 

Strong  Spring  sown,  best  varieties  procurable,  Broccoli, 
Mammoth  and  April  Queen ;  Cauliflower  Early  London, 
Best  of  All  and  Autumn  Giant ;  Sprouting  Broccoli . 
Brussels  Sprouts  Kelway's  Giant,  Exlilbition.  Matcliless ; 
Cabbage,  h  best  sorts;  Coleworts,  Curled  Kale,  Asparagus 
Kale,  Leeks  Prizetaker,  Lyon,  Champion  ;  Onions  Bedford- 
shire Champion,  Giant  Zittau  and  Bocca ;  Savoy  Best  of  All, 
100,  1/9,  300,  4/6;  Winter  Greens. 

Strong  transplanted  Vegetable  Marrows,  trailing  or  bush, 
r.,  1/6.  Cucumber  Kinu  of  Kidgi,  Bedfordshire  Prize,  6,  1/6. 
Cucumber  T'  l.^raph,  Rochford^,  bt'st  for  house  or  frame, 
3,  1/9.  Pumpkin  Mammoth  Hundndweight,  4,  1/1.  Tomato, 
large,  strong,  sturdy  plants,  showing  (lower,  6,  1/9,  Parsley, 
12,  1/4.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint,  Marjoram,  6,  1/4.  Chives, 
20,  1/4. 

^Strong  CUmber.c.  Passion   Flower,  hardy,  blue  and'^white, 

2,  1/4.     Canary  Creeper,   gract-tul,   quick   climber,    12,    1/6. 
Cobea  scandens,  handsome,  rapid  climt^r,  large  uurple  flowers, 

3,  1/6. 

Sweet  Pea  plants,  separate  colours,  20,  1/6.  MLxcd,  best 
lafL''  flowering,  waved,  etc.,  30,  1/6.  Pea  plants,  eatiog,  best 
Marrowfats,  25, 1/4. 

Bean   plants,  Kidney^dwarf,  25.  1/4. 

SUMMERJ:  BEDDING. 

Strong  tran>planted  plants.  Ageratum,  blue  or  mauve, 
15,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  lovely  m  w  rolours,  12,  2/6.  Asters, 
double  scarlet  or  white.  12,  1/4.  Asters,  best  doubles, 
15,  1/0.  Asters,  single  China,  pink,  scarlet,  crimson, 
mauve,  Apple  bloj^-om,  15,  1/6.  Balsams,  double,  12,  1/4. 
Calceolarias,  6,  1/6.  Coreopsis  Drummondii,  15,  1/6. 
Chrysanth«mums,  annuals,  doubh-  and  single,  12,  1/6.  Corn- 
flower Kelway's  blue,  12,  1/6.  Clarkia  elegans,  orange  and 
Salmon  King,  12,  1/4.  Dahlias,  double,  single.  Colossal, 
Giant  Perfection,  Caetus,  Paeony,  Collarette  and  Crimson 
Odorata,  4,  1/4.  Echeverra  glaucus  rosettes  red  lianging 
liowers,  4,  1/4.  Qaillardia  Pieta,  12,  1/4.  Heliotrope  regale, 
'■nornious  h' ads  of  fnagrant  bloom,  splendid  bedder,  4,  1/4. 
Kochia  Childsii,  greatly  improved  summer  Cypress  8,  1/4. 
Larkspur,  scarlet  or  Iduc,  12,  1/6.  Lobelia,  best  dwarf, 
compact,  dark  or  light  blue,  from  cuttings,  20,  1/6;      trans- 


planted seedlings,  50,  2/6,  100,  4/-.  W}ilte  Lobelia  same  price. 
Marguerites  Covcnt  Garden,  white,  yellow,  sulphur  or  blue, 
4,  1/4.  Mimulus,  Scarlet  Musk,  6,  1/4.  Nicotina  ailinis, 
scented  white,  Tobacco  and  crimson  Sandera*,  6,  1/4.  Nemesia 
wmpacta  and  Strumosa  Suttoni,  15,  1/6.  Pansiea,  btst  large 
flowering  and  separate  colours,  12,  1/0.  Pentstemon  Scarlet 
and  large-flowering  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Petunia  grandiflora  and 
ExJiibitif>n,  beautiful  colours,  enormous  blooms,  6,  1/4.  Phlox 
Drummondl,  12,  1/4.  Salvia,  Scarlet,  Pride  of  Zurich,  4,  1/4, 
Salpiglossis,  rich  colours,  12,  1/4.  Salvia  splendens  and  Glory, 
rich  scark-t,  4, 1/4.  Schizanthus  Wisetownsis,  12, 1  /6,  Stocks, 
Ten  Week,  Mammoth  and  Beauty,  15,  1/6.  Tritoma, 
red  hot  poker,  3,  1/6.  Verbenas,  Mammoth  hybrids.  Auricula 
eyed,  crimson  and  scarlet,  15,  1/4.  Violas,  separate  colours 
or  mLxed,  12,  1/6.  Zinnia  elegans,  vrry  large,  double,  Giant 
Crimson   and    grandiflora   hybrids,    12.  1/6. 

STRONG,  TRANSPLANTED   PLANTS 
FOR  COOL  HOUSE. 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  spring  and  summer.  Aralia, 
Fi'-'  Palm,  3,  1/4!  Asparagus  Fern,  Trailing.  3,  1/6.  Aspara- 
gus Fern,  Plumosus,  erect,  2,  1/9.  Begonias,  Salmon  Queen, 
llose  Queen.  Crimson  magniflca  and  scarlet  Prima  Donna. 
4,  1/4.  Begonia  Fuchsioides,  coral  pink,  3,  1/6.  Beauty 
Stocks,  lovely  doubles,  6,  1/4,  Cannas,  Crozy's  splmdid 
hybrids,  4,  1/6.  Celsia  critlca,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4. 
Coleus,  choice  varieties,  pote  or  garden.  0.  1/6.  Cyclamen, 
very  choice  strain,  3,  1/6.  Eucalyptus,  blue  gum, 
6,  1/4.  Heliotrope,  large  fragrant,  4,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinaUs 
Queen  Victoria,  scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliage,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia 
cardinaUs,  beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco, 
red  or  white,  6,  1/4,  Primula  obeonica,  lovely  new  giant 
hvbrids,  3,  1/6.  Primula  cortusoides,  rosy  purple,  4,  1/4. 
Primula  Kewtnsis,  bright  yellow,  4,  1/4.  Salvia  Pride  of 
Zurich,  scarlet,  4.  1/6.  Salvia  coecinea,  brilUant  scarlet 
4, 1/4.  Mother  of  Thousands,  hanging.  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus, 
Wisetonrnsis,  6,  1/4.  Smilax,  trailing,  4,  1/4.  Strepto- 
carpus,  large  new  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Primula  rosea,  grandiflora. 
lovely,  1,  1/-.  Streptocarpus,  lovely  Cape  Primrose,  many 
rich  colours,  large  tubular  blossoms,  evergreen  perennial,  almost 
perpetual  flowering,  a  cem  for  pots,  3,  1/6.  Qloxinias, 
started  bulbs,  2,  1/4,  Heliotrope  Rio  des  Noirs,  very  dark, 
large,  fragrant,  4,  1/6. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  pUntsfor  house  or  garden,  summer, 
autumu  or  winter  flowering,  mixed  colours,  6,  1/6. 

Celery,  Kelway's  Giant,  solid  white  and  pink,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ready  for  trench,  50,  2/-,  100,  3/-. 


SUMMEIR      BEDDING     CATALOGUE      NOW      READY. 


Write  for  Samples  and  Prices: 

MERRYWEATHERS    &    SONS.    Ltd., 

Dept.  C, 

63,  Long  Acre,  London,  W.C. 


PELARGONIUMS    ZONAL 

Single.  Double,  and   Ivy   Leaved,   in   12  fine  varieties,    12/- 
per  dozen;    12  choice  varieties,   20/-  per  dozen.     Carnage 

paid  for  cash  with  order. 

Catalogue  of  Florists'  Flowers  and  Hardy  Border  Plants 

free  on  application  to 

JOHN      FORBES      (Hawick),      Limited, 

The     King's     Nurserymen, 

HAWICK,     SCOTLAND. 


FIRST  INVENTED.       FIRST  EVER  SINGE. 
S  Ml  TH'S 

POWDER  WEED  KILLER 

is   absolutely    "PERFECT." 

8  tins  of  Powder  to  make  200  gallons  of 
Liquid,  carriage  paid  ;  also  in  Liquid,  all 
sized    Drums,    5    gallons,    carriage  paid. 

MARK     SMITH,     LTD. 

LOUTH,   LINCOLNSHIRE. 


MRS.   PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,   VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


Blackmore   &    Langdon's,    Bath, 

Collections    of   Choice  ^Assortea    Un-natned 

DOUBLE,  SINGLE  AND  SINGLE  FRILLED  BEGONIAS, 

all  in  fine  strong  tubers.       Especially  suitable  for  GreenhousesCand  Conservatory  decoration. 

COLLECTION  F.,  36  Large  Tubers.— Extra  choice,  £4  10s.      Half  Collection,  £2  7s.      All  colours  included  in 
each  dozen.      12  Class  A.X.  Doubles,  12  Superb  Singles,  12  Class  A  Frilled  Singles. 

COLLECTION  G.,  36  Large  Tubers.— Very  choice,  £3  IDs.     Half  Collection,  £1  17s.     12  Class  A  Doubles, 
12  Class  A  Singles,  12  Class  A  Frilled  Singles. 

! COLLECTION  H.,  36  Large  Tubers.-Choice,  £1  17s.  6d.     Half  Collection,  £1.     12  Class  B  Doubles,  12  Class 
B  Singles,  12  Class  B  Frilled  Singles. 

COLLECTION  L,  36  Large  Tubers. — Good,  15s.  6d.     Half  Collection,  8s.     12  Class  C  Doubles,  12  Class  C 
Singles,  12  Class  C  Frilled  Singles. 

All   above   in   well    started    strong    tubers,    post    free,    or    in     pots    2s.    per    dozen    extra,    boxes, 
packing    and   carriage   at    net    cost. 

For  Collections  of  our  choice  Named   Double  Begonias,  see  descriptive  Catalogue,  free  on  application. 


May -28,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


IX. 


HICKS' 

FAMOUS  TWYFORD 


nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnno 

n  E 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

0 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

n 

0 


PERPETUAL    FLOWERING    CARNATIONS. 


ARE     UNSURPASSED. 


Note  a  few  of  my  successes  during  1920:  — 

THE  WIGAN  GUP,  R.H.S. 

GOLD  MEDAL,  N.R.S. 

MAWLEY  MEMORIAL  MEDAL,   N.R.S., 

and  the  Gold  Medal  awarded  by  The 
American  Rose  Society  for  Climbing 
Lady  Hllllngdon. 


Write  for  my  new  list  for  Season  1921-22, 
post  free  upon   application. 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS, 

M.C.N.R.S.,   F.R.H.S.,  etc., 


The  Champion  Decorative   Rose  Grower  of  England, 

ROSE  SPECIALIST,  HURST,  BERKS. 

tj 

no000OO000nonn00OO0oo00nnnnnn0nn 


OUR  STOCKS  OF 
YOUNG  PLANTS 
— 3iin.  POTS 
STOPPED  AND 
BROKEN  FOR 
IMMEDIATE 
DELIVERY  ARE 
SUPERB. 


PLANTS  IN  6in. 
POTS  IN^  BUD  — 
FOR  EARLY 
FLOWERING  —AT 
KEEN     PRICES. 


W.  WELLS,  Junr., 

cordially  invites  all  lovers  of 
Alpines  to  visit  his  nurseries. 
Over  600,000  plants  now  in  bloom. 

List  free  on  application. 


Hardy    Plant    Nursery, 

MERSTHAM,     SURREY. 


Our  fully  Illustrated  and  Descriptive  Catalogue,  gladly  sent  Post  Free  on  request, 
shows  all  that  is  newest  and  best  in  the  Carnation  World.  For  the  convenience 
of      our      Clients      we       have       compiled      the       undermentioned       Collections      at 

CARRIAGE  TaND      PACKING      PAID      PRICES      FOR     CASH. 


Collection   No.  1,  10- 

Comprising    li    ot    the     best    cut    flower 

varieties,  i.e.  : — 
White  Enchantress. 
May  Day  (Pink). 
Mary  Allwood  (deep  Pink). 
Enchantress  Supreme  (Salmon). 
Triumph  (Crimsonl. 
Wivelsfield  Beauty  (Yellow). 
Similar    Collection    of    Large     Plants    in 
Sin.  Pots,  25/- 
Carriage  and  Packing  Paid. 


ALLAVOOD'S 

CARNATION  FOOD 


Collection   No.  2,  20,'- 

12  of  the  Best  Cut  Flower  and  Ex- 
hibition Varieties,  including  those 
given  in  Collection  No.  I, 

12  Similar  Varieties  in  6in.  Pots. 

Large   Flowering  Plants — 

47/6 

Carriage  and  Packing   Paid  for  Cash. 


Collection   No.  3,  35  - 

:5    Plants    in    not    less    than    8    distinct 

Cut  Flower  and  Exhibition  Varieties 

— really  Splendid  Value. 

Similar  Collection  in  6in.  Pots. 

Large  Flowering  Plants— 

92/6 

Carriage  and  Packing  Paid  for  Cash. 


USED  BY  ALL  THE 
LEADING  GROWERS 
and  procurable  direct 
or  from  most  Seeds- 
men, &c. 


2  lbs. 
7    „ 
14    ,, 

28 


upwards 


1/6 

316 

6/- 
10/6 


Collection   No.  4,  62,6 

,S0     Plants    in    not     less     than    8    Good 
and  Distinct  Varieties. 

Similar    Collection    of    Large    Flowering 

Plants  in  Bin.  Pots— 

180/- 

Carriage  and  Packing  Paid  for  Cash. 


When    ordering,    please    state    whether    required    for    Qarden    or    Qreenhouse    cultivation. 


AULWOODil. — The  new  hardy  plant — half  Pink  and  half  Carnation,  grows  anywhere  and  flowers  perpetually 
from  Spring  to  Winter.  Only  limited  supplies  available,  but  we  can  supply  6  distinct  varieties  for  11;-.  9  distinct 
varieties  (including   Novelties)  for  23,'6,    carriage   and  packing  paid  for  cash. 


I  When  yon  tbink  of  Carnations  yon  tbink  of 


The    leading    Carnation    Baisers   and   Specialists, 

Dept.  4. 

HAYWARD'S        HEATH, 

SUSSEX. 


\A^M.      ARTINDALE      &      SON'S      SPECIAL      OFFER      OF 


EREMURUS 


FOR     AUTUMN 
DELIVERY 


XVe  should  esteem  early  orders.     Our  stock  of    several   varieties    is    not   too    large.     Customers  placing  orders  at  once  may  depend 

upon  certain  delivery  of  good,  strong,  flow^ering  roots. 


Eremurus  Bungei  .         .  3/6  to  7/6  each 

„       Praecox  3/6  to  7/9    „ 

,,  ,,   Superbus  3/6  to  7/6    „ 

,,  Elwesianus     .  4/-  to  7/6    ,, 

„  „     Albus  4/-  to  7/6    „ 


Eremurus  Himalaicus.    . 
OlgiE.  Rose  and 
White  (late) 
Olgie  Lutens    . 
Robustus 


Superbus     3/6  to  7/6 


3/6  to  7/6  each 

Eremurus  Shelford 

10/6  to  15/-  each 

„          Warei 

12/6  to  15/-    „ 

.     15/-     „ 

„          „  Carneus    . 

15/-  to  21/.    „ 

.     15/.     „ 

,,           ,,  Sulphureus 

15/-  to  21/-    „ 

2/6  to  3/6    „ 

„           „  Lutens      . 

15/.  to  21/.    „ 

\A/M.    ARTINDALE    &    SON,    Florists,    SHEFFIELD 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  28,   1921. 


New  Seedling 
Wichuraiana  Rose 

"YVONNE" 

Awarded  the  GOLD  MEDAL  of  the  National  Rose 

Society,  July,    1920:   also   the   CORY   CUP   fjr  the 

Best  New  Seedling  Climbin?   Rose,  1920. 


Full  descriptive  ROSE  CATALOGUE 
Post  Free  on  application. 


This  superb  variety  will  be  found  a  wortliy 
addition  to  the  Wichuraiana  section.  It  has 
delightful  glossy  foliage,  which  is  mildew- 
proof.  Very  neat  pretty  buds,  perfection  in 
shape,  the  flowers  are  carried  in  large  loose 
trusses  of  blooms,  which  are  thrown  well 
away  from  the  plant.  Its  wonderful  lasting 
properties  when  cut  combine  to  make  it  a 
very  graceful  rose  for  all  decorative  purposes. 
Colour,  a  charming  soft  shade  of  pinU,  with 
deeper  pink  centre  and  yellow  base,  pro- 
duced freely  from  July  to  September,  and 
sweetly  scented.  In  every  way  an  exquisite 
variety,  exceedingly  vigorous  in  habit 
of  growth,  most  suitable  for  arches,  pergolas 
and  screens. 


STRONG    PLANTS    in    48s    pots 

Price     lOs.    6d.   each.         Three    for    30s. 

Will    be    ready     for     distribution 

early  in  June,   1921. 

FRANK     CANT    &    CO., 

(l)EPT.    A.) 

Braiswick  Rose  Gardens,  COLCHESTER, 


^ 


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIl^ 


DO  NOT   FAIL 

TO     SEE 

RYDERS 

AT    THE 

CHELSEA    SHOW 

Where  we  are  exhibiting  the 

NEWEST  and   BEST 

EARLY  -  FLOWERING 

IRISES, 
LILACS,  AZALEAS, 
RHODODENDRONS, 
CLUSTER  ROSES, 
FORCING  SHRUBS, 
HYBRID     LUPINS, 

ETC. 


1  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN 

SEEDS,  BULBS,  PLANTS, 
TREES  AND  SHRUBS. 
Tools  and   Garden   Sundries. 


ALL  LISTS  FREE  FRO.M 


=    RYDERS  (Seed Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS 


(Ryiler  &  Son  (n20>  Ltd.) 


iinlllllllllllllillllllllilllllllllllllilHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllllllllllllllT 


mik — I 


IS 

AN  IN- 
CREASED 
YIELD    both 

IIISIp"!'/''        ^^     regards 
Ifl/fllJiJij'     quality     and 
.  I f'^/jf/,         quantity    will 
ill'^JB    'jj/j/yl     surely     follow     the 
'  r  WIIk       application  of  Canary 
T"         Guano    to  your  Grape 
Vines.     Tomatoes.     Cu- 
cumbers.    Melons,     etc. 
An     invaluable     fertilizer 
and  food  for  all  plant  life. 

Cuanc 

Obtainable  from  all  Seedsmen  in 
Cartons,  l/-ejch;  Bajls.  7  lb.  3/8| 
14  lb..  6/6:  28  1b..  11/-;  56  1b.. 
10/- :  1  cwt..  35/-  each;  or 
direct  from  the  makers. 
\  Virtle  to-day  for  FREE 
Booklet  No.  It.  contiiiiung 
full  Particulars  of  Canary 
Guano  with  Oarden  Diary 
for  the  Year,  post  free. 


CLIMBING  PLANTS 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS 
ROSES 

FRUIT  TREES 
BULBS 

We  specialise  in  the  above 
cultures  and  spare  no  expense 
in  producing  the  very  best  ; 
still    our    prices   are    moderate. 


Catalogues  free  on  application. 


PENNELL  &  SONS, 

LINCOLN. 


ESTABLISHED       1780. 


Notes  From   Maidstone. 


APPLE    BLOSSOM 
AGAIN. 


Tlic  glory  of  the  apple 
blossom  is  past,  their  honey- 
moon over,  and  they  now 
settle  down  to  their  sober 
domestic  duties  upon  whose 
exec  lit  ion  our  harvest 
depends. 

Hoxv  varied  were  the 
sliades  and  forms  of  their 
wedding  garments  !  Some 
affect  the  virginal  white, 
while  others,  notably  "Lord 
Derby  "  and  "Lane's  Prince 
Albert,"  touch  their  petals 
with  a  carmine,  almost 
rivalling  an  Academy 
picture . 

Very  rem  arkable  is 
"  Upton  Pyne";  the  petals 
arc  of  unusual  size;  the 
colour  a  blue-lilac. 

When  choosing  apples,  we 
may  as  well  have  beauty 
where  it  can  be  combined 
with  utility,  and  we  shall 
give  a  list  of  such 
XHirieties  in  our  next  Fruit 
Catalogue . 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


M 


.S'/ 


Cheap  Flower  Seed  for  sowing 
in  open  ground  or  cold  f  ames 
this  month  to  provide  plan's  for 
next  year.  A  very  small  outlay 
in  seeds  will  give  great  results 
in  nice  plants. 

ANEMONE,  St   Brigid,  avery 
fine   strain,  6d.  packet. 
AQUILEGIA,   Pearson's   long- 
slurred  strain,    very  fine,    6d. 
and  1I-. 

GAILLARDIA,  fine  perennial 
for  cutting,  6d. 

LUPIN  US  arboreus  Snow 
Qite-n,  fine  tree  Lupin,  6d . 
POLY  AN  HUB  PRIMROSE, 
P^arsoi's  selected  mixed,  6d. 
and  I j- :  Munstead  strain,  very 
large  flowers  and  fine  trusses, 
colours  from  white  to  deepest 
orange  yellow ,  6d.  and  Ij-. 
WALLFLOWERS,  Blood  Red. 
EasternOueen,  Fire  King  (ne  r), 
6d.  Golden  Tom  Thumb,  Har 
binger  (deep  ed,  early).  Prim- 
rose Dame,  Ruby  Gem,  Ruby 
Viulct  (very  dist  net).  Vulcan 
(t'le  finest  deep  red).  Single, 
mixed,  all  3d.  and  6d  perpkt., 
with  exce'tion  of  Fire  King. 
DOUBLE,finestmixed,l]d.&lj-. 

JR.  Pearson  &  Sons,  Ltd., 
Lowdham, 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


'.<0"lv- 


/•>: 


\fs<&hi 


No.  2584.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


[May  28,  1 9^1. 


THE    GREAT    SHOW    AND    SOME    OBSERVATIONS 

BV ''  the  time  this  issue  of  The  Garden  is  in  the  hands  of  all  our  readers  the  Chelsea  Show  will  have 
become  part  of  the  past,  with  many  others  that  have  left  their  mark  on  the  practice  of  gardening.  It  is 
impossible  to  tell  now  whether  or  no  many  useful  lessons,  that  should  have  been  learned  by  those  who 
visited  and  enjoyed  its  glories,  have  been  assimilated  ;  but  this  much,  at  least,  can  be  conjectured  : 
in  many  cases  little  more  than  a  confused  impression  will  be  left.  Beyond  the  mere  passing  delight  which 
inevitably  comes  to  all  visitors,  no  lasting  good  will  remain  for  numbers  who  could  have  profited  had  they  gone 
with  a  different  outlook.  To  the  exceptions  we  need  not  address  ourselves  particularly,  but  it  is  our  desire  to  help 
those  who,  from  want  of  thought  or  inclination,  may  have  failed  to  reap  lasting  benefit.  Incidentally,  we  hope  that 
every  reader  of  The  Garden  who  was  unable  to  go  to  Chelsea  may  find  this  issue  of  service.  It  is  a  departure  from 
tradition. 

Perhaps  never  before  has  the  world  in  general  been  so  ready  to  look  for  and  accept  change.  That  must  be  our  excuse 
— if  any  be  needed — ^for  breaking  away  from  the  usual  and,  we  fear,  unhelpful,  though  customary,  report.  This  year  we 
decided  to  invite  a  number  of  well  qualified  correspondents — each  specially  capable  in  his  own  branch  of  horticulture — 
to  give  their  unhampered  impressions  of  the  exhibits.  They  were  asked  to  point  out  and  comment  on.  as  qualification 
and  good  judgment  dictated,  anj-thing  of  note  ;  indeed,  to  make  what  observations  they  pleased,  whether  of  praise, 
criticism  or  instruction.  At  the  moment  of  writing  we  cannot  say  whether  or  no  our  purpose  has  been  achieved  in  this 
attempt  to  stand  in  the  shoes  of  the  wise  visitor  whose  ambition  it  was  to  get  all  the  benefit  that  could  be  obtained  at 
Chelsea.  Of  one  thing  we  are  certain  ;  this  is,  that  sincere  comment — whether  it  be  of  praise  or  not — cannot  fail  to 
benefit  not  only  amateur  and  professional  garden-lover,  but  the  seedsman  and  nurseryman  to  whom  they  owe  so  much. 
We  ask  the  exhibitor's  indulgence  if  an  exhibit — on  which  so  much  thought,  care  and  money  has  been  expended — is  passed 
over  in  silence.  This  does  not  mean — indeed,  cannot  mean — -that  it  was  without  merit  ;  on  the  contrary.-,  we  are  certain 
that  every  exhibitor  deserved  far  more  space  than  it  has  been  possible  to  devote  to  those  on  whose  exhibits  comment  has 
been  made.  Our  belief  is  that  we  have  chosen  the  healthiest,  and  most  generally  helpful,  way  of  dealing  with  the  greatest 
horticultural  show  in  the  world.  As  it  is,  in  this  issue  we  are  compelled  to  confine  ourselves  to  certain  subjects,  and  must 
leave  others  for  discussion  next  week.     The  general  importance  and  value  of  the  great  Chelsea  Show  warrant  it. 


260 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  28,  192 1. 


THE   EVENING   GARDEN   AND   THE   TIRED   MAN 

[A  business  man  and  a  particularly  bmy  business  7nan,  in  course  of  conversation,  complained  that  he  seldom  had  the  opportunity  of 
using  his  garden  except  at  the  day's  end.  We  were  prompted  to  ask  him  to  set  down  on  paper  what  he  had  said  by  zvord  of  mouth.  His 
ideas  are  outlined  below  and  ice  think  toill  be  read  with  considerable  interest  by  many  who  are  similarly  situated.       We  will  gladly  print 

any  suitable  suggestions  which  come  to  us  as  the  result  of  his  appeal. — Ed.] 


THE  word  "  garden  "  has  had  many  prefixes. 
For  example,  there  are  the  formal  garden, 
the  woodland  garden,  the  rock  garden,  to 
mention  but  a  very  few.  Why  should 
there  not  be  also  the  evening  garden  ? 
I  think  that  in  the  wise  selection  of  the  right 
flowers  for  and  in  the  skilful  plantmg  of  true 
evening  gardens  lie  new  and  alluring  possibilities 
for  all  garden-lovers.  Our  seedsmen  and  nursery- 
men in  their  year's  catalogues  should  make  a  new 
cross-heading  of  "  The  Evening  Garden  "  in  the 
same  way  as  they  do  for  "The  Rock  Garden." 
Under  that  new  heading  should  be  included  all 
the  flowers  which  either  open  best  or  give  their 
sweetest  scents  at  night.  I  think  the  evening 
garden  would  quickly  rival  in  popularity  any  of  the 
other  hyphenated  gardens.  Even  in  the  case  of 
those  who,  from  one  reason  or  another,  cannot 
make  an  almost  entirely  evening  garden  there  are 
other  possibilities.  When  planning  or  planting 
a  garden,  or  changing  it,  more  and  more  considera- 
tion should  be  given  to  those  flowers  that  offer 
the  delights  of  colour  and  form  to  the  fullest  extent 
during  evening  hours  and  to  those  whose  fragrance 
is  in  greatest  abundance  when  the  day  draws  to 
its  close.  "  Man  goeth  forth  to  his  labour  until  the 
evening  "  is  as  true  to-day  as  when  it  was  written 
over  2,000  years  ago.  When  evening  comes  there 
can  be  no  greater  refreshment  to  the  tired  body  and 
jaded  senses  than  is  provided  by  a  garden  of 
delight.  What  is  more  delicious  than  the  sweet 
scent  which  floats  through  the  evening  air. 


Of  all  the  memories  of  beautiful  summer  nights 
which  readily  recur  none  are  so  indelibly  fixed 
as  those  that  are  associated  with  gardens  and  tlieir 
incense.  Let  an  example  illustrate  my  meaning. 
Most  of  us  would  readily  join  in  praise  of  Honey- 
suckle— surely  one  of  the  choicest  of  the  Creator's 
.gifts  to  man — yet  in  the  modem  garden  how 
seldomis  this  flower  so  fully  cultivated  as  it  deserves 
to  be  ?  I  remember  the  revelation  it  was  to  be 
allotted  a  bedroom  on  a  warm  summer  night  in  a 
house  half  surrounded  with  a  pergola  clothed  with 
a  wealth  of  Honeysuckle.  The  memory  of  that 
never-to-be-forgotten  and  divinely  scented  room 
cannot  fade  The  only  regret  of  the  moment 
was  the  impossibility  of  removing  panes  from 
wide-open  windows !  Experiences  equally  happy, 
equally  unforgettable,  doubtless  belong  to  most. 
But  there  is  no  reason  why  they  should  be  isolated 
or  uncommon. 

Frankly,  I  know  no  garden  which  exactly 
tallies  with  this  evening  garden  of  my  fancy. 
It  conjures  up  many  delightful  pictures — -suggests 
many  possibilities  and  thoughts.  In  this  garden 
of  imagination  there  is  little  room  for  plants  with 
sombre  leaves  It  must  be  possible  to  see  some- 
thing of  the  beauty  which  foliage  can  supply. 
We  must,  therefore,  provide  for  plants  of  silvery 
shade.  In  the  midst  of  others  of  lighter  green  they 
will  glint — will  even  bring  into  vision  those  of 
darksome  shades.  Then,  too,  there  will  be  little 
room  for  blooms  of  dusky  hue.  The  flowers  must 
be   brilliant   and   light   of   colour   that   they   may 


stand  out  in  the  closing  hours  of  daylight.  We 
must  introduce  a  tree  here  and  there,  and  preferably 
choose  those  whose  branches  are  not  completely 
hidden  by  wealth  of  foliage.  Silhouetted  against 
an  evening  sky  the  interlacing  of  twig  and  branch 
will  permit  delight  that  will  be  denied  by  the  tree 
whose  wood  is  entirely  hidden  by  leafage. 

The  prints  with  which  the  Japanese  artists 
delight  our  eyes  frequently  depict  a  solitary  tree 
set  in  a  sky  which  at  first  sight  seems  impossibly 
blue  Go  into  your  garden  towards  twilight. 
If  conditions  are  favourable  you  will  discover  that 
the  darkening  sky  which  you  imagined  was  black 
is  a  dehghtfuUy  rich  blue  as  you  look  at  it  through 
the  interwoven  tree  branches. 

It  is  not  always  summer,  so  we  want  these  trees 
to  lend  pleasure  to  winter's  garden.  The  dreary 
outlook  on  a  December  garden  without  trees  need 
not  be  suffered.  There  are  occasional  bursts 
of  sunshine  which  make  play  on  the  bare  twigs 
and  throw  a  glory  of  shadow  on  path  or  across 
lawn.  Trees  in  winter  time  are  delightful  to  those 
whose  eyes  can  see.  Sunshine  has  been  referred  to 
and  suggests  that  the  main  border  or  feature  of  our 
evening  garden  must  be  so  situated  that  it  has 
the  play  of  the  western  sim  We  must  not  make 
the  mistake  of  placing  it  so  that  we  lose  any  of  the 
value  of  the  light  we  get.  Will  not  the  brilliance 
and  variety  of  colouring  of  the  western  sky  add 
something  to  the  merit  of  our  evening  garden  ? 

Above  all  there  must  be  restfulness.  Heresy 
though  it  may  be  to  say  so,  we  do  not  want  a  mere 


PART    OF    THE    HERBACEOUS    BORDER    AT    HAMPTON    COURT. 
Why  not  plant  an  evening  border  in  every  public  garden  for  the  delight  of  tired  workers  who  do  not  possess  gardens  of  their  own. 


May  2S,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


2G1 


gardener's  garden.  He  delights  rather  overmuch- 
in  trim  tidiness  and  in  regularity.  His  blooms  are 
often  too  near  akin  to  those  of  the  show  table. 
Perfect  blooms  can  co-exist  with  unsatisfactori- 
ness,  while  others  less  perfect  may  give  restful 
content.  No,  we  will  even  suffer  a  little  raggedness 
and  perhaps  many  things  which  another  would  call 
bad  gardening.  But  in  return  we  may  get  some- 
thing which  is  perfectly  restful  in  those  evening 
hours  when  we  are  overtired. 

Shall  there  be  a  little  pool  on  which  Water  LUies 
may  float  and  in  which  tree  and  plant  may  be 


reflected  ?     If    so,    when    they    disappear    as    the 
night  shades  faU — -who  knows  ? — 

"...   the  silvery  moon  by  night, 

Shining  %vith  her  gentle  light " 

may  be  mirrored  in  the  water's  placid  face  and 

leave  a  last  memory  on  which  to  pillow   as  the 

overstrained  mind  seeks  the  mercy  of  sleep. 

But  we  must  leave  this  garden  of  fancy.  Let 
others  with  greater  knowledge  than  we  possess 
walk  into  the  space  which  is  vacant.  Let  them 
construct  an  ideal  for  the  benefit  of  their  fellows. 
Let    them    clothe    it   with    highest    beauty    and 


compelling  attractiveness.  Let  them  consider 
whether  rich  delights  are  possible  for  more  than  a 
few  fleeting  weeks.  Let  them  discover  whether  a 
tired  man's  selfishness  will,  or  need,  rob  his  family 
of  day-time  pleasures.  But  above  everything  let 
them  make  known  to  us  all  Ike  garden  of  their  imagina- 
tion that  it  may  become  ours  in  fact.  Can  any  of 
wider  knowledge  and  greater  experience  deny 
his  fellow,  who  is  less  happily  equipped,  a  gift 
which  wU!  bring  joy  ?  Does  not  every  true 
gardener  subscribe  to  the  verity  of  "  1 1  is  more 
blessed  to  give  than  to  receive"  ?  P.   H. 


AQUATICS  for  SHALLOW  WATER 

Many  People  are   under  the   Impression   that  their  Ponds  are  too    Shallow  for    the   Cultivation  of  Aquatics  and  for  this  Reason  the 
Water  is  Neglected.    In  this  Article  Plants  are  Enumerated  that  Thrive  in  Water  of  only  a  few  inches  to  one  foot  in  depth. 


THE  great  majority  of  artificially  con- 
structed small  ponds  and  streams  found 
in  gardens  have  only  a  shallow  depth  of 
water  in  them,  and  even  where  a  larger 
natural  pond  or  lake  exists  the  bottom 
will  be  found  in  most  cases  to  gradually  shelve 
away  at  the  edges ;  so  that,  although  a  depth  of 
3ft.  or  4ft.  exists  at  the  centre  where  the  stronger- 
growing  Nymphaeas  flourish,  there  is  still  space 
available  nearer  the  margin  for  those  subjects 
that  only  need  a  few  inches  to  ift.  depth.  My 
primary  idea,  however,  is  to  consider  those  that 
are  best  suited  to  small  ponds,  either  formal  or 
informal,  where  one  can  approach  quite  close  to 
the  plants  or  flowers  and  view  them  at  an  intimate 


distance.  And  how  wonderful  many  of  these 
dainty,  fragile-looking  little  gems  jewelling  the 
sparkling  surface  are,  especially  under  clear,  sunny 
skies,  with  a  few  goldfish  darting  here  and  there 
among  them !  First  place  must,  of  course,  be 
accorded  to  the  Water  LUies,  an  irresistible  sounding 
name  to  the  flower-lover,  conveying  as  it  does 
the  impression  of  bold,  flat,  finely  coloured  leaves 
floating  on  the  surface,  with  here  and  there  nestling 
close  down  among  them  an  exquisitely  formed 
brilliant  flower.  With  these  especially  is  the  value 
of  near  proximity  appreciated.  The  strong  growers 
seen  in  great  broad-spreading  masses  over  larger 
surfaces  are  magnificent,  but  where  the  smaller 
growers  are  near  the  edge  and  one  can  bend  over 


and  peer  right  down  into  the  centre  of  the  gorgeous 
starry  cups  and  note  the  wonderful  shadmg  of 
colour,  then,  indeed,  their  full  beauty  stands 
revealed.  Varieties  thriving  in  from  6ins.  to  ift. 
of  water  are  happily  plentiful.  Nymphaea  pygmaea 
is  the  Liliputian  of  the  family  and  bears  tiny 
flowers  scarcely  sins,  across  with  foliage  corre- 
spondingly small.  .\s  its  companion,  where  only 
the  smallest  growers  can  be  accommodated,  use 
Nymphaea  pygmsea  helvola,  its  counterpart  in 
every  way  save  colour,  which  is  yellow.  The 
Laydekeri  varieties  afford  us  a  wider  range  of 
colours.  N.  Laydekeri  lilacea  being  blush  pink  when 
it  first  expands,  changing  with  age  to  crimson. 
The  effect  of  a  fine  clump  of  this  with  flowers  in 


262 


THE     GARDEN. 


[;\iay  2S.  1021. 


various  stages  of  development  is  very  fine.  A 
similar  characteristic  is  a  feature  of  N.  L, 
rosea  which,  when  it  first  opens,  is  pale  pink  and 
passes  when  mature  to  deep  carmine.  N.  L,  pur- 
purata  is  a  fine  blood  red.  N.  odorata  alba  maxima 
is,  as  its  name  implies,  a  large  pure  %vhite,  very 
fragrant  form,  the  beauty  of  which  is  tremendously 
enhanced  by  the  mass  of  golden  stamens.  See 
this  near  at  hand  with  a  fine  Peacock,  Painted  Lady 
or  Tortoiseshell  butterfly  lightly  poised  on  the 
petals  and  you  have  one  of  the  most  entrancing 
pictures  nature  can  provide.  N.  odorata  exquisita 
is  a  magnificent  pink  species  ;  N.  o.  swanissima  is 
another  lovely  pink,  raising  its  flowers  considerably 
above  the  surface,  while  the  leaves  float  below  them. 
N.  o.  sulphurea  is  the  softest  yellow,  the  foliage 
marbled  with  reddish  brown.  The  Water  Plantain 
is  a  vigorous  subject  that  must  be  kept  in  check  or 
it  will  appropriate  too  large  a  share  of  the  water's 
area  very  quickly.  The  Bog  Arum,  Calla  palustris, 
is  very  charming  with  its  oval  green  foliage  and 
small  white  Arum-like  bloom.  Hottonia  palustris, 
the  Water  Violet — which  throws  its  pretty  pale 
mauve  flowers  above  the  surface,  while  the  bright 
green  leaves,  resembling  Fern  fronds,  are  sub- 
merged— is  a  gem.  A  small  basin  is  capable  of 
accommodating  quite  a  respectable  plant  of 
Azolla  caroliniana,  one  of  the  daintiest  little 
floating  subjects  imaginable.  It  loves  stagnant 
water  and  rapidly  spreads  like  a  densely  clustering 
Moss  all  over  the  surface,  becoming  a  lovely 
bronzy  purple  with  age.  Orontium  aquaticum, 
the  Golden  Club,  is  extremely  handsome,  the  foliage, 
which  is  submerged,  glistening  under  the  water 
with  curious  yellow  and  white  club-like  flowers. 
A  remarkable-looking  specimen  is  the  variegated 
Porcupine  Rush  (Scirpus  Tabemasmontani  zebrinus), 
the  round  stems  of  which  are  evenly  barred  out 
in  zones  of  deep  green  and  yellowish  white.  T3T)ha 
minima  is  a  small  enough  member  of  the  Reed 
Maces  for  the  small  pond.  It  is  but  ift.  high  and  a 
rather  rare  little  plant.  Closely  resemblmg  the 
Water  Lilies  is  Nuphar  luteum  minimum  with  its 
small  green  leaves  and  deep  yellow  flowers.  So 
much  for  the  water's  surface  itself,  though  this  does 
not  exhaust  the  subject.  Attention  should  be  paid 
to  the  value  of  reflection  from  the  surrounding 
plants.  Masses  of  brilliant  colour  grouped 
sufficiently  nearly  to  be  mirrored  on  the  smooth, 
shining  surface,  are  doubled  in  value  and  add 
enormously  to  the  lure  of  the  small  water  garden, 
to  say  nothing  of  the  numberless  interesting  plants 
which  find  a  congenial  home  in  the  damp,  boggy 
ground  at  the  water's  edge. 

H.  W.  Canning  Wright. 


A    SHALLOW    LILY    POOL. 


PLANTS  IN  STEPS  AND  PAVEMENTS 


By    GERTRUDE    JEKYLL,    V.M.H. 


IT  was  the  example  of  the  natural  growth  of 
small  plants  in  the  joints  of  steps  and  at 
the  edges  of  pavements  that  led  to  their  being 
so  planted  intentionally,  and  in  very  careful 
hands  it  is  a  charming  way  of  gardening. 
What  Nature  does  in  this  way  is  full  of  surprises, 
for  it  sometimes  happens  that  what  one  would 
have  considered  a  most  unlikely  plant  places 
itself  in  dry  wall  or  pavement  and  justifies  its 
intrusion  by  a  distinct  success.  But  though 
plants  will  of  their  own  accord  do  well  in  most 
unlikely  places,  when  they  are  intentionally 
placed  it  should  be  with  the  fullest  sympathy  with 
what  is  known  of  their  needs.  It  is  also  important 
that  it  should  be  done  in  strict  moderation,  for 
there  are  gardens  that  should  be  taken  as  warnings 
where  the  plants  in  pavements  are  so  much  in 
excess  that  it  becomes  impossible  to  use  the  paving 


for  its  original  purpose  as  a  place  to  walk  on,  and 
there  are  steps  so  much  crowded  with  vegetation 
that  no  one  can  go  up  or  down  without  some 
crushing  or  bruising  of  pretty  plants.  Plants 
are  never  so  happy  as  when  self-sown  and  the 
illustrations  below  show  two  examples  in  the 
joints  of  stonework.  Some  rough  sandstone  steps 
lead  up  to  a  loft  over  a  stable.  They  have  a 
partial  coating  of  Moss,  but  where  they  join  the 
wall  an  accumulation  of  dust  and  various  small 
debris  have  formed  a  little  deposit  of  soil  in  which 
Erinus  thrives,  and  this  year  is  accompanied  by 
the  pretty  wUd  Herb  Robert  (Geranium  Roberti- 
anum).  Higher  up  in  the  same  flight  of  steps 
a  bush  of  Rosemary  has  come,  also  from  self-sown 
seed,  and  has  thriven  so  well  that  it  has  been 
necessary  to  cut  back  all  the  front  branches  to 
allow  of  free  passage. 


■f^.- 


CORYDALIS. 


WILD    HERB    ROBERT. 
In  both  cases  illustrated  seed  was  self-sozm  in  the  steps. 


May  28,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


263 


The  Greatest  Horticultural 
Show  in  the  World 

Chelsea    and     The     Derby  —  a     Parallel    and    Some     Deductions 


THE  greatest  Horticultural  Show 
in  the  world  has  come  and  will 
have  gone  before  these  words  come 
before  the  eyes  of  all  our 
readers.  At  one  time  the  un- 
happy coal  strike — with  its  attendant 
transport  and  other  evils — threatened 
to  prevent  the  Show  altogether.  But 
numerous  difficulties  were  overcome, 
though  not,  unfortunately,  all.  The 
general  concensus  of  opinion  is  that  this 
year's  Show  is  the  best  since  1914,  and, 
both  in  arrangement  and  success,  is 
reminiscent  of  pre-war  times.  We  fear, 
though,  that  many  exhibitors  will  not 
reap  immediate,  or,  indeed,  adequate 
reward  for  their  outlay.  If  this  should  be 
the  case,  to  them  we  offer  sympathy,  and 
for  them  we  ask  consideration.  We 
wonder  how  many  people  have  realised, 
or  even  considered,  what  the  world  owes 
to  those  horticulturists  who  make  the 
Show  possible.  They  give  pleasure  to 
thousands  of  visitors  and,  through  them, 
will  give  pleasure  to  countless  other 
thousands  when  the  seeds  or  plants  (for 
which  orders  have  been,  or  will  be,  given) 
are  blossoming  or  growing  in  the  gardens 
which  are  one  of  the  glories  of  our  land. 

We  can  imagine  some  carping  indi- 
vidual exclaiming  that  mere  commercial 
interest  provokes  the  effort  and  that  it 
brings  solid  returns.  But  is  this  altogether 
true  ?  Is  it  not  nearer  the  truth  to  say 
that  the  professional  horticulturist  expends 
time  and  thought  and  real  effort  for  which, 
in  many  other  professions,  he  would 
receive  far  higher  recompense  ?  Horti- 
culture demands  much  more  than  com- 
mercial instinct.  No  mere  student  of  the 
pass-book  could  be  a  successful  horti- 
culturist. Flora  demands  of  those  who 
worship  her  that  Nature's  book  shall  be 
opened  and  read  and  loved.  We  will  go 
another  stage  and  say  that  no  professional 
working  gardener  is  worth  his  salt  unless 
he,  too,  loves  his  occupation.  Its  very 
character  compels  all  who  pursue,  and  are 
successful  in,  the  art  of  gardening  to  become 
almost  hobbyists.  This  is  equally  true  in 
the  case  of  the  amateur  or  professional, 
employer  and  employed,  and  whether  the 
art  is  practised  on  a  large  or  small  scale. 
It  is  true  also,  of  the  staffs  of  the  great 
seed  houses  ;  they  are  not  mere  sellers  of 
goods.  The  principals  and  their  employees 
—  from  the  highest  to  the  lowest  — 
must  possess  the  right  instinct  or  great 
businesses  would  rapidly  dwindle  away. 
Shall     we     compare     Chelsea      and     the 


Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Show  of  this 
week  to  Epsom  and  the  Derby  of  next 
week  ?  Wlaat  does  the  Derby  stand  for 
in  the  horse  world  ?  Towards  the  Blue 
Riband  of  the  Turf  every  breeder  of  the 
thoroughbred  looks  as  the  goal  of  his 
ambition.  By  means  of  it,  and  all  it 
represents,  the  incomparable  English  race- 
horse has  been  evolved.  There  are  the 
ill-informed  who  think,  and  say,  that  by 
means  of  it  a  mere  galloping  machine  has 
been  produced.  But  this  is  untrue.  The 
severe  test  of  the  racecourse — the  highest 
test  which  can  be  provided — has  resulted  in 
the  animal  whose  blood  improves  the  utility 
horses  of  the  world  by  introducing  stamina, 
courage  and  other  desirable  qualities. 

Surely  it  is  not  wide  of  the  mark 
to  say  that  ambition  to  exhibit  at  Chelsea 
some  outstanding  plant,  some  variation  or 
improvement  on  what  has  been  previously 
shown,  has  resulted  in  the  marked  advance 
which  has  been  made  since  the  first  Show 
held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural   Society. 

We  have  heard  it  said  that  the  new, 
or  rare,  plant  has  very  limited  attraction. 
Thoughtless  critics  have  complained  that 
the  work  of  the  cultivator,  the  hybridist 
or  the  collector  is  of  little  interest  to  the 
owner  of  the  garden  who  may  possess 
a  true  love  of  flowers  but  is  careless 
whether  they  are  new  or  old,  rare  or  com- 
mon, so  long  as  they  are  beautiful.  But 
this  is  very  shallow  criticism.  Numerous 
examples  might  be  quoted  to  prove  that 
flowers,  which  the  thoughtless  consider 
common  enough,  though  beautiful,  and 
valuable  vegetables  to  which  little  thought 
is  now  given,  are  the  direct  result  of  the 
patient  work  of  those  who  have  sought 
to  improve  the  race  or  bring  plants  into 
commerce  from  distant  parts.  Though 
the  comparison  between  Chelsea  and 
Epsom  does  not  run  in  a  complete  parallel, 
it  is  unquestionably  correct  to  say  there  are 
many  points  where  they  are  in  exactly 
true  relationship.  There  is  one,  however, 
at  which  the  difference  is  very  marked. 
There  can  be  no  comparison  in  value  or 
distinction  between  the  rich  reward  which 
comes  to  the  owner  of  a  Derby  winner  and 
the  highest  award  horticulture  can  bestow. 
But  may  it  not  be  said  of  all  who  strive 
to  produce  a  beautiful  plant  that,  even  in 
the  patient  labour  necessarily  involved, 
there  is  rich  and  permanent  satisfaction  ? 
The  hybridist  or  experimenting  cultivator 
does  not  work  for  mere  monetary  reward 
or  for  honour  or  glory.     Little,  if  any,  of 


either  comes  his  way,  while  there  is  often 
considerable  disappointment.  More  often 
than  not  any  profit  which  may  subse- 
quently come  goes  into  another's  pocket, 
but  none  can  rob  him  of  the  pure  pleasures 
that  are  his  alone  as  the  result  of  his 
patient  work,  and  while  he  is  performing 
his  self-appointed  task. 

We  have  said  that  the  garden-lover 
is  a  hobbyist.  Now  a  hobby  ceases  to  be 
a  hobby  if  it  becomes  a  stereotyped 
practice  ;  the  garden  owner  who  is  content 
to  do  the  same  thing  season  after  season, 
or  allow  it  to  be  done,  cannot  be  called 
a  garden-lover.  Hobbies  require  experi- 
ment and  experiment  spells  evolution. 
Both  give  pleasure  which  cannot  be 
readily  measured.  We  rejoice  when  we 
see  a  garden  owner  trying,  for  example, 
a  different  colour  harmony  in  the  border 
as  year  follows  year.  The  unchanged 
garden  becomes  monotonous  and  ceases 
to  give  true  joy.  Alterations,  whether 
they  be  of  structure  or  plan  or  planting, 
demand  thought  and  care  which  in 
themselves  give  recreation  and  enjoyment. 
When  the  result  gives  pleasure  to  the 
creator  and  to  his  friends,  as  it  generally 
does  if  sufficient  attention  is  devoted 
to  it,  nothing  but  good  results.  We  are 
still  in  the  throes  of  serious  national 
unrest  ;  can  garden-lovers  do  more 
towards  the  soothing  of  the  nation's 
wrung  nerves  than  by  seeking  to  spread 
the  practice  of  the  art  they  love  so  well  ? 
From  cottage  to  castle,  whether  cabbage 
or  orchid  is  concerned,  the  practice  of 
gardening  gives  a  deep  and  permanent 
joy  which  few  other  occupations  can  impart. 
We  counsel  every  reader  of  The  Garden 
who  has  the  welfare  of  the  country  at  heart 
to  do  what  lies  in  his  power  to  spread  the 
love  and  practice  of  the  purest  pleasure 
he,  or  anyone,  can  imagine.  It  is  possible 
for  most  of  us  to  contribute  something 
which  will  add  to  the  sum  total  of  human 
happiness.  Our  readers  can  do  much  to 
help  our  efforts.  We  cannot  pretend  to  a 
knowledge  of  all  the  good  things  that 
have  been  done  to  improve  the  practice 
of  gardening.  We  cannot  conceive  all 
that  can  be  done  to  make  it  more  pleasure- 
giving  and  recreative.  But  we  invite 
readers  to  give  us  the  opportunity,  through 
these  columns,  of  making  known  to  a 
larger  public  then  their  own  immediate 
circle,  what  is  being  done,  or  might  be  done, 
to  make  the  gardens  of  England  even 
more  productive,  more  beautiful  and 
attractive  than  they  are. 


264 


THE    GARDEN. 


May  28,   1921. 


NOTEWORTHY   EXHIBITS  AT  CHELSEA 


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Messrs.  Sutton's  Calceolarias,  Clarkias  and  Gloxinias  from  Seed. 


Messrs.  Carter's  Greenhouse  Flozvers. 


Mr.  Elisha  Hicks'  Rose  Groiift. 


The  Rhododendron  Entrance  to  Messrs.  Wallace's  Rock  and  Water  Garden. 


Mr.  Herbert  Jones's  Formal  G,,, 


Messrs.   Whitelegg's  Rock  Garden. 


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Messrs.  Jackman's  Clematis. 


Mr.  Amos  Perry's  Irises  and  Ferns. 


May  28.   iq2i.'l 


THE     GARDEN. 


265 


CHELSEA  SKOWas  seen  hj  SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENTS 


ROSES 

One  could  scarcely  realise  while  at  Chelsea 
that  the  "  flaming  month  of  June,"  when  the 
Roses  in  our  gardens  are  in  their  full  beauty, 
is  still  in  the  calendar  of  the  future,  for  the  feast 
of  bloom  was  ample  and  glorious.  These  blooms 
were,  of  course,  all  forced  Roses,  though  the  weather 
has  been  so  favourable  that  it  was  only  very 
gentle  forcing  that  was  needed  to  bring  them 
to  the  high  pitch  of  perfection.  Time  was,  and 
it  does  not  seem  so  very  long  since,  that  it  was 
only  a  proportion  of  the  varieties  of  the  day  that 
were  suitable  for  flowering  in  pots  in  the  warm 
greenhouse  ;  but  after  a  tour  of  the  tents  at  Chelsea 
one  was  compelled  to  the  conclusion  that,  for  the 
future,  this  point  need  not  be  considered,  for  it 
seems  that  all  and  every  Rose  is  equally  adapted 
for  this  purpose.  Except  that  there  are  distinct 
types  of  Roses — Polyanthas  that  provide  countless 
numbers  of  small  blooms,  Hybrid  Teas  of  shape, 
form  and  colom'ing,  single  Roses,  and  so  on — it 
was  borne  on  the  visitor  that  the  great  majority 
of  the  Roses  of  to-day  are  practically  all-purposes 
Roses. 

New  Roses. — The  real  enthusiast  who  knows 
Roses  instinctively  scans  the  groups  for  novelties, 
and  at  once  appraises  them.  Although  Chelsea 
is  not  quite  the  time  or  place  for  any  number 
of  these,  yet  there  were  sufficient  to  repay  the 
search.  It  is  pretty  safe  to  say  that  William  Paul 
has  in  ITorence  a  gold  medal  Rose  of  the  near 
future,  a  variety  shown  now  for  the  first  time, 
r  escribing  a  new  Rose  in  words  that  will  convey 
a  distinct  impression  is  no  easy  matter.  A  mere 
statement  of  colour  and  other  points  is  far  from 
satisfactory,  but  imagine  a  Maman  Cochet  of  soft 
glowing  pink  colour  on  erect  stalks  rising  above 
deep  green  Perncttiana  leaves  and  an  idea  of  the 
charm  and  novelty  of  Florence  wiU  be  obtained. 

While  not  new  in  being  shown  for  the  first  time, 
several  of  Ben  R.  Cant's  novelties  are  this  year's 
Roses.  Of  these,  Constance  Casson  was  even 
more  lovely  than  at  the  National  Rose  Society's 
Spring  Show,  and  will  be  a  most  popular  variety 
in  the  future.  The  rich  carmine  colour  of  the 
half-open  blooms  pales  to  a  most  charming  mixture 
of  that  shade,  apricot  and  coppery  yeUow.  The 
plants  seem  to  have  a  sound  constitution,  so  arc 
not  likely  to  give  one  trouble  with  diseases.  The 
Rev.  F.  Page  Roberts,  which  had  a  gold  medal 
at  the  Spring  Show,  confirmed  the  high  opinion 
there  formed  of  its  merits.  A  well  deserved 
compliment  has  been  paid  to  Mrs.  Oaldey  Fisher, 
who  does  such  charming  table  decorations  at  the 
Rose  shows,  by  giving  her  name  to  a  deep  orange 
yellow  single  Rose  of  the  Irish  Elegance  type  and 
which  is  so  well  adapted  for  floral  decorations.  The 
real  new  Rose  on  the  stand  of  Ben  R.  Cant  was 
F.  J.  Grootendorst,  which  wUl  probably  not  be 
found  in  the  true  Rose  garden  of  the  future,  but 
will  be  grown  where  free-flowering  bush  varieties 
are  valued.  It  is  a  Polyantha  rugosa  hybrid. 
The  small,  almost  double  flowers  suggest  a  border 
Dianthus  in  their  shape  and  serrated  edges  and 
dull  crimson  colouring. 

.■Vnother  new  Rose  that  will  be  useful  for  decora- 
tion is  Pink  Delight  by  Laxton's.  It  is  a  large, 
fiattish  single  of  real  Wild  Rose  colom-  and  not 
more  than  2ft.  high.  Crimson  Orleans  in  the 
same  exhibit  was  not  quite  so  happy,  but  may  be 
better  later  on. 

Cutbush  makes  a  speciality  of  the  Polyantha 
Roses  at  the  shows,  and  this  time  was  especially 
successful  in  associating  the  dwarf  Ellen  Poulseu 
witli   the   taller  American   Pillar,   wliile  Echo  willi 


Dorothy  Perkins  would  also  be    splendid   in  small 
round  beds. 

While  delightful  as  a  show  exhibit,  the  Oval  bed 
by  Hicks  is  hardly  the  thing  to  be  copied  in  the 
garden,  even  though  the  arches  along  the  centre 
were  entrancing.     But  the  Roses,  which,  after  all, 


AMERICAN    PILLAR    AND    ELLEN    POULSON 
In  Cifthiiah's  Group. 


FLORENCE:   SHOWN   FOR  THE  FIRST  TIME. 

are  the  thing,  were  splendid.  Lafayette,  a  new 
dwarf  Polyantha,  bearing  large,  semi-double 
blooms  of  mid-pink  colour,  was  very  charming. 

Probably  George  Paul  had  the  most  beautiful 
arrangement  and  he  also  brought  excellent  Roses, 
Mrs.  H.  Morse,  a  large,  flattish,  pink-shaded  variety 
would  be  glorious  in  the  garden  or  in  a  mixed 
border.     Walter  C.  Clarke,  of  perfect  form  and  rich 


fragrance,  seemed  as  though  someone  had  lightly 
brushed  the  rich  crimson  blooms  with  velvety 
marooiL 

The  vivid  colour  of  Jessie  makes  one  feel  that  it 
must  be  massed  at  the  end  of  a  short  garden  walk 
where  the  shrubbery  commences.  This  and  the 
larger-flowered  pink  EUen  Poulsen,  which  also 
blooms  so  freely  in  pots  and  in  the  open  border, 
were  delightful  in  the  collection  by  Turner,  who 
tastefully  assembled  a  large  variety  on  a  long  bench. 


SWEET    PEAS 

There  was  much  to  interest  and  please  the  lover 
of  the  Sweet  Pea,  all  the  leading  trade  specialists 
doing  their  best  to  outrival  one  another.  Superb 
(juality  was  represented  in  the  display  of  Messrs. 
Dobbie  and  Co.,  Limited,  Edinburgh.  The 
"  Spencer,"  or  waved,  varieties  were  almost 
exclusively  shown,  and  no  fewer  than  about  four 
dozen  stands,  vases  and  bowls  were  arranged 
in  most  artistic  fashion.  The  beauty  of  this 
display  grew  on  one  the  more  carefully  its  details 
were  scrutinised.  Renown,  orange  standard,  cerise 
pink  wings,  four  large  blooms  on  each  stem,  is  a 
grand  novelty.  Dignity  is  another  fine  novelty 
<jf  chaste  appearance ;  colour,  flesh  pink  on 
cream  ground.  George  Shawyer,  a  salmon  orange 
pink  of  large  size  and  good  quality,  are  tliree 
sorts  for  distribution  in  1923,  ready  to  be  sent 
out  next  autumn.  Varieties  that  should  be  in 
the  collection  of  every  lover  of  the  Sweet  Pea  are 
Royal  Scot,  a  dazzling  scarlet  flower  of  large 
size  ;  Mrs.  Tom  Jones,  a  flower  of  an  ametliyst 
blue  colour,  quite  unique ;  Orchid,  a  charming 
lavender,  beautifully  friUed  and  very  distinct. 
A  creamy  pink  sort  that  should  appeal  to  all 
interested  in  this  subject  is  Mrs.  Arnold  Hitchcock. 
This  is  a  large  flower — one  of  the  largest — and 
beautifully  waved.  Dobbie's  Maroon  is  a  deep 
bronzy  maroon  sort  of  striking  colour  and  good 
form,  and  the  ever-popular  Royal  Purple,  a  grand 
purple,  as  popular  to-day  as  ever.  The  best  white 
was  undoubtedly  Constance  Hinton,  remarkable 
for  size  and  purity. 

Noticeably  briglit  and  striking  was  the  display 
made  by  Messrs.  Alex.  Dickson  and  Sons,  Limited, 
"  Hawlmark,"  Belfast,  no  fewer  than  five  dozen 
tripod  stands,  stately  vases  and  bowls  being 
utilised  to  make  up  their  exhibit.  The  white  paper 
covering  of  the  table  undoubtedly  aided  materially 
to  show  up  the  colours  of  tlie  respective  vases  of 
Sweet  Peas.  There  was  much  to  interest  and  please 
both  the  keen  enthusiast  and  the  lover  of  the  Sweet 
Pea  in  the  garden.  Novelties  worthy  of  note 
were  Hawlmark  Cerise,  a  self  coloured  variety  of 
good  size,  beautifully  waved,  four  flowers  being 
invariably  borne  on  each  stem  ;  it  is  also  sweet 
scented.  Conquest  was  also  especially  noteworthy. 
This  is  distinct  and  most  attractive,  both  in  form 
,-ind  colour,  the  flowers  being  beautifully  waved. 
The  colour  may  be  described  as  deeply  edged 
salmon  pink  on  a  white  ground.  Tlie  flowers  are 
distinctly  fragrant.  Certainly  one  of  the  darkest 
of  all  Sweet  Peas  shown  in  this  display  was  Ravens- 
wing.  In  comparison  with  most  other  dark  sorts 
this  new  variety  stands  out  most  distinctly.  The 
colour  has  been  compared  witli  that  of  tlie  Black 
Pansy,  but  it  is  liardly  so  dark  as  this ;  still  it  is  a 
very  fine  thing.  .An  extremely  beautiful  Sweet  Pea 
wasHawlmark  Pinlc ;  this  was  grandlyreprescnted  ; 
it  is  certainly  one  of  the  very  best  rose  pink  varieties 
yet  introduced.  The  flowers  are  very  large,  eadi 
stem  carrying  four  flowers  all  beautifully  wa\eil. 
Hawlmark    Scarlet   was  another    richly  coloured 


266 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  28,   1921. 


flower  tliat  stood  out  significantly  from  other 
highly  coloured  sorts.  Very  fine  indeed  was  a 
vase  of  Le  Mahdi,  a  richly  coloured  purplish 
mauve  sort  that  should  be  in  all  collections. 
The  flowers  are  large,  and  each  stem  invariably 
carries  four  flowers.  In  this  trade  display  the 
old  hooded  form,  so  much  admired  in  the  past, 
was  entirely  absent,  and  their  welcome  fragrance 
is  not,  unfortunately,  present  to  the  same  degree 
in  the  modern  waved  Sweet  Pta. 

The  bright  table  group  set  up  by  Mr.  J.  Stevenson, 
Wimborne,  was  certainly  worthy  of  mention.  This 
exhibitor  always  shows  Sweet  Peas  notable  for 
their  colour,  and  this  year's  display  was  no  excep- 
tion to  the  rule.  This  grower  had  several  excellent 
novelties  worthy  of  mention.  We  had  a  great 
preference  for  Lavender  Belle,  a  charmingly  waved 
sort  of  a  deep  shade  of  lavender  and  deliciously 
sweet  scented,  each  stem  carrying  four  flowers.  A 
novelty  to  be  sent  out  in  1923  was  Poppy — a  real 
poppy-coloured  sort  of  great  promise  and  sweet 
scented.  A  distinct  sort  was  Sunset,  salmon  orange 
in  colour  ;  this  is  to  be  distributed  in  1922.  Espe- 
cially pleasing  was  an  older  variety.  Faith.  This 
is  a  pale  lavender  sort  of  much  beauty  and  charm- 
ingly waved.  It  is  a  most  noteworthy  fact  that  the 
blue  and  lavender  coloured  sorts  are  always 
remarkable  for  their  sweet  scent. 

A  comparatively  small  group,  but  very  attractive 
notwithstanding,  illustrated  the  pleasing  character 
of  some  of  Mr.  Robert  Bolton's  Halstead  novelties. 
Among  tliem  were  Tangerine,  a  lovely  orange 
coloured  Sweet  Pea  of  much  promise.  A  novelty 
for  distribution  in  1922  was  Colne  Valley,  a  light 
lavender  coloured  variety,  beautifully  waved. 
Clear  and  distinctly  attractive  was  the  scarlet 
Royal  Scott,  set  up  in  a  vase  most  effectively.  The 
variety  Picture  was  indeed  a  picture,  flesh  pink  on 
a  cream  ground  will  give  the  reader  a  good  idea 
of  its  beauty.  Chelsea  is  another  1922  novelty 
and  of  a  colour  that  may  be  described  as  light 
salmon  terra  cotta.  the  wings  having  a  suspicion  of 
pale  cerise  in  them.  It  is  a  free  bloomer  and  will 
be  popular.  Of  the  richest  scarlet  colour  is  the  1922 
novelty.  Catchy.  This  is  a  splendid  novelty  and 
will  be  seen  in  our  gardens  in  the  future.  Of  the 
older  varieties,  Felton's  Cream  and  R.  F.  Felton 
were  both  splendidly  represented. 


IRISES 

Owing  to  the  influence  of  weather  conditions 
and  the  fact  that  Chelsea  Show  varies  its  date  to 
the  extent  of  a  few  days,  it  is  never  safe  to  prophesy 
that  any  particular  hardy  plant  will  be  up  to 
previous  standards.  Last  year  the  Show  was  a 
few  days  later,  and  weather  conditions  being  more 
favourable  the  Bearded  Irises  were  strongly 
represented.  This  year  they  were  not  so  good, 
although  there  were  some  exhibits  of  a  very 
interesting  character.  Certainly  among  the  best 
of  these  was  Perry's  group  of  seedlings.  It  is 
impossible  to  arrive  at  any  satisfactory  colour 
description  of  a  flower  like  the  Iris  staged  under 
canvas  when  seen  for  the  first  time,  and  any  such 
attempt  would  be  misleading.  Moreover,  the  fact 
that  these  seedlings  were  mostly  staged  under 
numbers  suggests  that  for  the  present  the  quanti- 
ties obtainable  are  not  large.  The  Iris-lover 
will,  however,  do  well  to  keep  his  eye  on  the 
development  of  this  collection.  It  is  going  to 
produce  some  good  things,  and  everyone  interested 
in  Irises  will  wish  to  see  them  named,  properly' 
described  and  in  commerce.  One  word  of  warning 
to  those  who  are  looking  for  an  early  group  of 
Bearded  Irises.  Mr.  Perry  tells  me  that  the 
conditions  under  which  these  have  been  growing 
have  been  such  as  would  hasten  their  develop- 
ment considerably,  and  that  under  ordinary 
conditions  of  cultivation  they  shoiJd  be  considered 
rather  as  .June  than  late  May-flowering  varieties. 
They  are,  in  fact,  Alcazar  hybrids.  1  wish  space 
and  conditions  permitted  describing  some  of  these 
beautiful  seedlings.  One  good  thing  with  pale 
porcelain  blue  standards  and  violet  falls.  Lady 
SackvUle,  was  striking  ;  Mme.  Viesseux,  a  giant 
red  purple  bicolor  with  strong  velvety  falls ; 
Ethel  Pearson  ;  C.  E.  Pearson  ;  Lord  Lambourne, 
bronze-tinted  standards  and  almost  crimson  falls  ; 
Princess  Mary,  with  a  reddish  shade  throughout 
standard  and  falls  and  true  Alcazar  type  ;  Duke  of 
■^'ork,  very  pale  lavender  purple  ;  and  Prince  of 
Wales  were  among  the  best. 

Two  other  very  interesting  collections  were 
Bunyard's  and  Wallace's,  neither  up  to  last  year's 
quality,  but  containing  a  number  of  good  things 
among     them.     In     Wallace's     group     the     giant 


BUNYARD  S    IRIS    WALK. 


BARRS    DUTCH     IRIS. 

Alcazar  was  in  fine  form,  and  another  on  somewhat 
similar  lines  was  Lieutenant  A.  Williamson,  with 
a  wonderful  red  violet  fall.  Merlin,  another  good 
tall  variety,  and  Hermione,  a  large-flowered  paler 
form,  were  conspicuous.  Regan  and  Miranda 
are  well  worth  adding  to  the  best  collection. 

Another  outside  exhibit  of  Irises  was  worth 
noting,  rather  for  the  conditions  under  which  it 
was  suggested  they  should  be  grown.  Here  it  was 
shown  that  a  bit  of  rough  meadowland,  full  of 
moisture,  as  was  evidenced  by  the  ditches  running 
in  various  directions,  could  be  broken  up  and  planted 
with  May  and  June-flowering  Bearded  and  Dutch 
Irises.  This  is  misleading  and  it  is  only  fair  to 
say  that  the  effect  aimed  at  was  probably  akin 
to  the  Japanese  Iris  garden,  but  that  the  right 
material  not  being  forthcoming  at  this  season  the 
wrong  was  used  indiscreetly.  None  of  the  Irises 
introduced  would  thrive  and  flower  in  sucli  boggy 
conditions  as  were  suggested,  and  if  you  desire  to 
avail  yourself  of  the  idea,  restrict  your  planting 
to  the  moisture  loving  Irises,  the  Sibiricas  and 
other  grassy  land  forms  and,  for  later  on  in  the 
season,  the  many  beautiful  varieties  of  Kampferi. 

Barr's  were  showing  the  Dutch  Iris  largely  and 
in  very  good  form.  These  should  be  planted 
where  an  earlier  flower  than  Spanish  Iris  is 
desired,  and  varieties  that  should  never  be  left 
out  in  making  a  selection  are  Roland,  Hoist, 
Barkemeyer,  Der  Kinden,  and  the  delicately  tinted 
Blomraers.  I  noticed  Anton  Mauve  in  another 
exhibit  as  a  very  fine  blue  tinted  Dutch 
\'ariety. 

The  best  and  most  conspicuous  among  Bunyard's 
were  Walneriana,  Isoline  in  great  form,  Lohengrin, 
tliat  seemed  to  me  to  lack  its  full  colour,  but  was 
nevertheless  well  grown.  There  were,  however, 
many  other  good  sorts  in  this  neatly  conceived 
little  Iris  garden.  There  is  no  doubt  that  as  an 
exhibit  this  was  very  pleasing,  and  suggested  pretty 
possibilities.  One  question  that  might  be  asked  is  • 
Is  growing  Irises  in  a  formal  garden  in  beds  of 
geometrical  design  quite  justifiable  ?  The  answer 
is  yes  !  if  due  care  is  taken  to  introduce  other  plants 
that  will  redeem  it  from  dulness  at  a  late  season. 


May  28,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


267 


Pleasing  as  an  exhibit,  it  is  worthy  of  adoption  in 
one's  own  garden,  when  conditions  are  favourable, 
providing  always  this  point  is  studied.  Irises  are 
beautiful  at  their  best,  the  flowering  period,  and 
the  foliage  serves  many  useful  pinrposes  later  when 
grouped  with  other  plants.  Of  the  many  other 
species  and  varieties  of  Irises  in  the  Show  there  is 
little  time  to  speak.  Sibirica,  Orientalis,  Snow 
Queen  and  Emperor,  and  other  Sibiricas  for  moist 
ground,  and  also  BuUeyana.  Regelio-Cyclus  Irises 
for  dryer  conditions,  Califomian  Irises,  tenax, 
Watsoniana,  and  others  were  well  represented. 
These  charming  small  Irises  are  more  than  worthy 
of  a  place  in  every  garden  with  a  sunny  spot  in 
which  to  plant  them. 


STOVE    AND    GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS 

It  was  impossible  not  to  be  greatly  impressed 
by  the  magnificent  group  of  plants,  embracing  a 
host  of  different  subjects  in  \vondrously  diverse 
form,  that  met  one  on  entering  the  first  of  the 
large  tents  from  the  Chelsea  Hospital  entrance. 
This  large  and  comprehensive  exhibit  well  main- 
tained the  high  reputation  that  Messrs.  Sutton 
and  Sons,  Reading,  have  gained  for  doing  things 
in  thorough,  representative  fashion.  Here  were 
to  be  seen  herbaceous  Calceolarias  in  the  pink  of 
condition,  art  shades  of  colour  being  charmingly 
diverse.  There  was  also  a  beautiful  lot  of  Cloth  of 
Gold,  a  grand  self-coloured  yellow  variety.  Per- 
fection Mixed  were  also  shown  in  excellent  condi- 
tion. Cineraria  stellata  in  two  bold  masses  were 
shown  in  white  and  blue  shades  in  one  and  in  white 
and  pink  tones  in  another,  the  shade  of  colour  in 
each  instance  showing  how  great  is  the  advance 
made  in  later  years.  Baskets  of  white  Gloxinia^ 
and  individual  plants  in  bowls  arranged  on  stands 
here  and  there  in  the  group  for  effect,  contributed 
materially  to  the  beauty  of  the  display.  Giant 
hybrid  Streptocarpus  in  pleasing  variety,  Salpi- 
glossis  in  variety,  Schizanthus  of  varying  form. 
Antirrhinum  and  Clarkias,  etc..  all  contributed 
to  make  a  display  never  before  excelled. 

As  usual.  Messrs.  John  Peed  and  Son,  West 
Norwood,  S.E.,  set  up  a  large  group  in  which 
Caladiums  largely  predominated.  We  question 
whether  the  Caladiums  were  up  to  their  usual 
standard ;  they  appeared  to  lack  colour.  There 
were  many  superb  sorts  set  up,  including  the  old 
and  always  popular  Candidum.  Red  Ensign  was 
a  reddish-centred  variety  of  dainty  form  and  good 
colour.  A  noteworthy  white  spotted  variety  on 
a  red  ground  was  Dorothy  Hodgson,  as  was  also 
an  improved  form  of  Valse  Bleu.  Thomas  Tomlin- 
son,  as  a  plant  of  good  form,  merited  recognition, 
as  did  also  Racine,  and  several  specimen  Crotons  in 
6in.  pots  were  to  be  seen. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  in  bunches  made  a  bright 
and  attractive  exhibit  as  shown  by  Mr.  R.  J.  Case, 
Taunton.  The  pips  of  the  singles  were  large  in 
most  cases,  especially  in  the  case  of  variety  Somerset 
Lass,  clear  rosy  scarlet ;  Mrs.  A.  C.  Adams,  deep 
rosy  scarlet ;  and  Staplegrove  Wonder  Salmon. 
Double  and  semi-double  sorts  were  well  represented 
by  Louis,  a  rich  crimson  ;  Marjorie  Slade,  scarlet ; 
Lady  Gertrude,  pink  ;  and  Lave,  vermilion. 
These  sorts  are  excellent  for  all  purposes. 

At  the  Embankment  end  of  one  of  the  large 
tents  there  was  represented  a  group  embracing 
a  wonderful  variety  of  greenliouse  plants.  This 
was  an  e.xhibit  made  by  Messrs.  James  Carter  and 
Co.,  Raynes  Park,  London,  S.W.,  who  merit 
special  recognition  for  their  fine  effort.  There 
were  in  this  display  plants  for  the  specialist  as 
well  as  subjects  for  the  grower  who  wishes  to  make 
the  most  of  several  subjects  of  quite  easy  culture. 
The  Schizanthus  were  noteworthy  for  their 
dwarf,   free-flowering    character,  the  flowers  being 


beautifully  marked  and  pleasingly  diverse.  Cineraria 
stellata  in  wondrously  varying  form  were  seen  in 
t>-pical  conditions,  and  Cineraria  grandiflora. 
which  this  firm  describe  as  "  Brilliant  Prize," 
were  remarkable  for  the  large  size  of  the  flowers 
and     their     brilliant     colourings.  Herbaceous 

Calceolarias  were  shown  in  ideal  form  and  condition, 
both  colour  and  size  of  blossoms  leaving  nothing 
to  be  desired.  Gloxinias  were  never  seen  in 
better  form,  the  individual  flowers  being  very  large, 
the  colours  specially  noteworthy  and  the  plants 
freely  flowered.  The  Streptocarpus  were  dainty, 
the  colours  being  most  pleasing.  Begonias, 
all  double-flowered  sorts,  were  excellent.  Stocks, 
Petunias,  Clarkias,  Seedling  Coleus  and  many 
other  most  interesting  plants  made  a  most  remark- 
able display. 

Ferns  and  Cacti  are  al%vays  most  interesting, 
and  a  few  of  the  former  and  numerous  small 
specimens  of  the  latter  were  a  source  of   pleasure 


THE    NEW     PELARGONIUM    CRISPUM 
VARIEGATUM. 

Shown    by    the    Hon.   Vicary    Gibbs,  Aldenham 
House,  Ehtree  (Gardener,  Mr.  E.  Beckett). 

to  many.  Of  the  Ferns,  Davallia  epiphylla,  D. 
ornata  and  D.  binsiliense  were  good  specimens. 
Quaint  and  curious  were  the  Cacti,  all  dainty  little 
specimens  and  excellent  for  a  beginner  to  work  up 
a  fine  collection.  This  exhibit  came  from  Mr. 
H.   N.   Ellison,  West  Bromwich. 

As  usual,  Messrs.  Godfrey  and  Son,  Exmouth, 
Devon,  made  a  table  group  of  Pelargoniums. 
The  plants  were  well  grown  and,  on  the  whole, 
freely  flowered  and  represented  a  charming 
\'ariety  of  coloms.  Fascination  was  a  pretty  sort, 
as  was  also  Mrs,  Stanley  Thomas,  bright  rich  colour 
of  good  form.  Rose  of  Devon,  Cardiff'  uTid  God- 
frey's Heart  were  a  superb  trio. 

Streptocarpus  and  Begonias  as  shown  by 
Messrs.  John  Peed  and  Son,  were  interesting. 
The  former  were  represented  in  many  very  pleasing 
shades  of  colour,  and  the  Begonias  were  repre- 
sented by  several  varieties  of  promise. 

Most  interesting  was  a  little  gioup — rather 
crowded^ — of    Hydrangeas.    Had    the   well   grown 


plants  been  less  crowded  the  effect  would  have  been 

infinitely  better.  Mme.  E.  MouUiere,  Mme. 
Chautard  and  Hortensis  were  splendidly  shown 
and  reflected  great  credit  on  Mr.  .\.  Jewell,  gardener 
to  Mr.   P.  H.   Maim,   Rotherfield,  Sussex. 

A  table  group  of  small  plants  of  market-like 
form,  embracing  Fuchsia  The  Doctor,  Fairy,  Emile 
Zola,  Cupid,  Display;  and  the  "double"  flowered 
varieties  Fascination,  Ballet  Gurl  and  Mauve 
Beauty  represented  these  old  and  popular  green- 
house plants  satisfactorily,  but  they  were  badly 
arranged.  The  names  of  these  varieties  are  well 
worth  recording  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  seldom 
see  these  plants  nowadays.  Verbena  Miss  Willmott 
and  Scarlet  King  were  both  shown  in  good  form, 
as  was  Heliotrope  Lord  Roberts,  one  of  the  very 
best  sorts. 

Japanese  dwarf  trees  and  shrubs  and  miniature 
Azaleas,  growing  in  Japanese  artistic  ware,  were 
quaint  and  curious  as  shown  by  the  Yokohama 
Nursery  Co.,   Limited. 

Anthuriums  so  curious  in  their  form,  were 
shown  as  a  table  group  by  Messrs.  L.  R.  Russell, 
Limited,  Richmond,  London.  Freely  flowered 
plants  of  Azalea  indica  from  the  same  firm  formed 
part  of  a  group  and  made  a  gorgeous  display, 
lor  the  guidance  of  those  anxious  to  form  a  collec- 
tion of  these  plants  we  would  recommend  the  follow- 
ing varieties  ;  Schryveriana,  a  peach-coloured  sort, 
\ery  double  ;  Jules  Roehrs,  rich  cerise  ;  Camellia- 
flora,  salmon,  wonderfully  double  ;  Ernest  Thiers, 
rich  rose  ;  Hexe,  almost  hardy,  a  useful  plant ; 
and  Mme.  J.  Hearens,  soft  salmon  rose.  These 
are  just  a  few  of  the  better  sorts  that  merited 
recognition. 

A  large  group  of  miscellaneous  stove  and  green- 
house plants  is  at  all  times  most  interesting  and 
pleasing.  The  composition  of  such  a  group  and 
as  set  up  by  Messrs.  L.  R.  Russell,  Limited,  repre- 
sented a  plethora  of  good  things.  Here  were 
to  be  seen  in  the  centre  a  most  striking  group  of. 
.\nthuriums,  and  at  each  corner  of  the  group 
Hippeastrums  in  all  the  gorgeous  colourings  for 
which  they  are  noteworthy.  Among  the  more 
striking  foliage  plants  were  shown  Caladium 
Triomphe  de  Comte,  C.  Marquis  of  Camden  (still 
very  popular),  C.  Botofogo,  C.  Mrs.  L.  R.  Russell 
(a  richly  coloured  sort)  and  the  beautiful  C.  Thomas 
Tomlinson.  Crotons,  Dracaenas,  and  other  fine 
foliaged  plants  were  well  shown.  In  this  group 
plants  of  Anthurium  Scherzerianum  var.  Lord 
Lamboume  proved  to  be  a  distinct  acquisition 
to  these  plants.  The  Spathe  is  the  largest  among 
all  the  Anthuriums.  There  were  also  a  number 
of  new  Dracaenas  and  Crotons  in  wonderful 
variety. 

Double-flowered  tuberous-rooted  Begonias  as 
exhibited  by  Messrs.  Blackmore  and  Langdon, 
Bath,  were  as  nearly  perfection  as  these  plants 
could  well  be  shown.  Only  by  cultivation  of  the 
best  and  by  careful  selection  is  it  possible  to 
represent  plants  of  this  subject  as  they  were  on 
this  occasion.  We  cannot  refrain  from  mentioning 
a  few  of  the  finest  examples,  as  they  merit  special 
recognition.  Lady  Tweedmouth  is  a  beautiful 
rosy  salmon  of  good  form  ;  Lady  Cory,  salmon 
orange,  is  a  new  sort  of  considerable  merit.  It 
would  not  be  possible  to  find  a  more  beautiful 
example  of  a  clear  rose  sort  than  Grace,  of  superb 
form.  Princess  Victoria  Louise,  although  a  some- 
what old  sort,  is  still  one  of  the  finest  examples 
of  a  light  salmon  colour.  A  charming  frilled  sort  is 
Mrs,  W.  Cuthbertson,  pale  rosy  pink  ;  so,  too, 
is  Mrs.  H.  Moncrieft'.  The  chaste  white  Mrs.  J. 
Thornton  is  as  popular  as  ever,  and  rightly  so, 
as  it  is  free  flowering  and  a  persistent  bloomer. 
We  must  not  omit  to  mention  the  soft  rose  pink 
variety.  Betty  McDougall,  which  should  be  in 
all  collections.  Gloxinias  from  this  firm  were 
very  good,   and  the  colours  pleasingly  varied. 


268 


A  circular  group  from  a  private  gro%ver,  Mr. 
A.  F.  W.  Wootten,  K.C.,  Epsom  (gardener,  Mr. 
W.  Lamson),  comprising  Fancy  Pelargoniums, 
edged  with  Maidenhair,  was  much  admired.  It 
was  an  excellent  illustration  of  how  to  set  up 
these  plants  effectively. 


THE     GARDEN. 


ANNUALS 

The  annual  plant  still  fills  an  important  role  in 
the  economy  of  the  summer  garden,  and  the  lavish 
display  of  colour  derived  from  a  wisely  selected 
choice  of  annuals  goes  far  to  give  the  pleasure 
ground  that  luxurious  appearance  of  summer 
comfort  for  which  British  gardens  are  famous. 
Many  people  see  these  extraordinary  displays  of 
the  florist's  art  at  early  summer  shows,  but  go 
home  with  a  sense  of  disappointment  and  chagrin 
that  such  accomplishment  is  far  beyond  their  own 
reach.  But  it  need  not  be,  and  for  the  assistance 
of  our  readers  we  sought  the  kindly  advice  of 
Mr.  Sutton  of  Reading  for  a  few  hints  on  the  suc- 
cessful rearing  of  hardy  annuals.  Most  willingly 
he  placed  his  great  knowledge  and  experience  at 
our  disposal,  and  it  does  not  appear  that  achieve- 
ment is  so  difficult  to  win.  To  begin  with,  the 
mistake  almost  universally  made  is  that  hardy 
annuals  are  sown  in  spring  and  are  expected  to 
buUd  up  both  a  plant  system  and  a  flower  system 
in  the  course  of  a  few  weeks.  This  is  asking  too 
much,  and  the  correct  procediure  is  to  sow  in 
autumn,  winter  the  plants  in  cold  frames,  avoiding 
damp  conditions,  and  either  plant  out  or  pot  on 
the  young  but  by  this  time  stocky  plants  in  spring. 
This  was  the  treatment  accorded  the  magnificent 


GIANT    HYBRID    SCHIZANTHUS. 
Staged  by  Messrs  Webb. 

specimens  of  Clarkias,  Sutton's  Salmon  Scarlet,  and 
Nemesia  Suttoni  shown  by  the  famous  Reading 
house.  Among  these  Nemesias  a  prominent  and 
very  beautiful  one  was  Aurora,  white  and  scarlet, 
which  comes  perfectly  true  from  seed,  a  note  of  which 
should  be  taken  for  September  sowing.  The  same 
lirm  showed  finely  grown  specimen  plants  of 
Salpiglossis  in  many  colours  and  these  should  also 
be  given  quite  cool  treatment,  avoiding  close  atmos- 
phere. If  grown  in  cold  frames  a  mat  thrown  over 
the  lights  in  frosty  weather  is  all  that  is  necessary. 
Masses  of  Cineraria  stellata,  Phlox  Drummondii, 
Lobelia  ramosa  and  Mignonette  completed  the 
commanding  scheme  of  Messrs.  Sutton's  design. 

At  the  other  end  of  the  large  tent  Messrs.  Carter 
of  Raynes  Park  made  a  speciality  of  a  dwarf  race 
of  Schizanthus  in  shades  of  pink  and  rose,  with 
broad  sheets  of  Cinerarias  stellata  and  Cactus- 
flowered,  in  many  colours.  Clarkia  Salmon  Queen 
being  used  to  break  the  level ;  magnificently  grown 
specimens,  too,  they  were. 

A  perfectly  bewildering  variety  of  colour  dis- 
tinguished the  dwarf  race  of  Schizanthus  staged  by 
.Mr.  Alfred  Dawkins.  What  beds  of  colour  could 
be  painted  by  these  fine  plants  !  The  secret  of 
success  with  this  most  floriferous  of  annuals  is 
frequent  pinching  to  make  shapely  and  bushy 
plants,  and  being  content  to  wait  for  the  bloom 
till  after  the  plant  has  been  formed  and  well 
established. 


SUTTON  S   SALMON   SCARLET   CLARKIA. 
(A  single  plant) 


VIOLAS 

One  of  the  keenest  disappointments  of  this 
great  Show  was  the  absence  of  a  good  representa- 
tive display  of  these  increasingly  popular  hardy 
flowers.  It  may  be  that  the  extremely  hot  weather 
experienced  of  late  was  responsible  for  the  meagre 
character  of  the  few  displays  seen  on  this  occasion. 

Effective  masses  of  the  cornuta  family  were 
shown  by  Messrs.  Jarnian,  Chard.     It  was  refreshing 


[May  28,  1921. 

to  see  Viola  cornuta.  V.  c.  alba,  purpurea  and 
V.  c.  Mauve  Queen  all  shown  in  good  form  and 
condition.  Of  the  gracilis  type  there  were  to  be 
seen  the  type  and  Viola  gracilis  Blue  Bird  and 
V.  g.  Velvet  Queen,  all  most  interesting  and  in- 
valuable for  the  rock  garden  and  bedding.  V. 
Maggie  Mott  was  also  shown  in  splendid  form. 

Large  exhibition  Violas  were  shown  by  H. 
Clarke,  Taunton.  These  large  exhibition  sorts, 
however,  are  seldom  useful  in  the  garden.  They 
are  usually  of  straggling,  coarse  growth  and, 
except  in  the  moister,  cooler  climate  of  the  North, 
are  seldom  satisfactory  for  garden  displays.  The 
better  of  these  large-flowered  sorts  were  Miss 
Fisher,  bluish  purple  with  white  centre  ;  Argyle, 
white  centre,  edged  pale  blue  ;  Mrs.  W.  R.  Milligan, 
large  pure  white,  margined  blue ;  Primrose 
Queen,  a  primrose  self ;  Moseley  Perfection, 
ricli  yellow  (good  for  bedding)  ;  and  J.  V. 
.Vlacdonald. 

Violas  for  bedding  were  fairly  well  represented 
by  Messrs.  John  Forbes  (Hawick),  Limited,  Hawick. 
.AH  the  varieties  were  especially  adapted  for  creating 
pretty  free-flowering  effects  in  the  garden,  and 
the  best  of  them  were  Kitty  Bell,  rosy  lavender  ; 
.Maggie  Mott,  mauve  blue ;  Dunbryan,  mauve 
with  white  centre  ;  Swan,  white  ;  Mauve 
Radiance,  rich  mauve  blue ;  Prinnose  Dame, 
primrose ;  Mrs.  Chichester,  purple  with  white 
centre  ;  J.  B.  Riding,  rosy  purple  and  Moseley 
Perfection. 


TREES     AND     SHRUBS 

Chief  among  the  many  and  most  varied  trees 
and  shrubs  at  Chelsea  were  the  gorgeous  Azaleas 
and  the  brilliant  Rhododendrons.  It  almost 
seemed  that,  wherever  one  turned,  there  were 
masses  of  these  most  valuable  shrubs  to  be  seen. 
Not  that  they  predominated  to  any  overpowering 
extent- — this  was  far  from  being  the  case — it  was 
rather  because  of  their  beauty  and  the  number 
of  new  varieties  on  view.  The  Azaleas  presented 
particularly  "lively"  colours,  and  in  Ryder's 
group  this  effect  was  very  noticeable.  These 
plants  had  all  been  especially  grown  for  the 
enterprising  St.  .Alban's  firm  by  Koster  of  Boskoop, 
and  it  was  astonishing  to  learn  that  they  had 
travelled  across  the  North  Sea,  to  say  nothing  of 
the  two  railway  journeys.  The  fresh  and  bright 
appearance  of  the  bushes  at  the  Show  indicates 
especial  substance  and  lasting  qualities  The  deep 
yellow  colours  of  Sunbeam  and  Esperance  make 
them  valuable  for  woodland  planting,  where  they 
would  hold  and  reflect  the  light  Koster' s  Brilliant 
is  truly  a  brilliant  of  all  the  brilliants,  while  the 
Occidentalis  seedlmgs  were  particularly  restful 
and  charming 

Perhaps  the  best  Azalea  colour  scheme  was  the 
association  of  the  orange  shades  by  Cuthbert. 
They  had  T.  J.  Seidel,  Fraus  Van  de  Bom  and 
SybU,  leading  up  to  the  deeper  shade  of  Muttatule. 
which  was  particularly  satisfying.  I'or  soft  colour 
effect  Aida,  a  pink  rustica  variety,  is  to  be 
recommended. 

The  lover  of  colour — -colour  vivid  and  attention 
demanding — would  insist  on  Rhododendrons  Don- 
caster  and  Bagshot  Ruby,  which  were  massed 
in  Waterer's  group.  Then  they  would  probably 
require  the  rows  of  Rhododendron  Pink  Pearl, 
which  leads  the  way  to  Wallace's  outdoor  water 
garden.  But  the  riotous  masses  of  palpitating 
colour  as  provided  by  the  Azalea  Mollis  sinensis 
hybrids  were  wonderful. 

The  season  has  been  much  too  early  for  Lilacs 
and  Syringas,  which  usually  are  so  fragrantly 
beautiful  at  Chelsea,  but  Notcutt  managed  to  bring 


May  28,  1921.] 

a  few  varieties.  Philadelphus  virginal  and  P. 
Coquete  are  valuable  in  their  lateness,  size  of  flower 
and  purity  of  colour,  while  Miss  Ellen  Wilhnott, 
of  large  double  white  trusses,  is  surely  the  last  of 
the  Lilacs.  In  this  collection  the  grace  and 
floriferousness  of  many  late  spring  flowering 
shrubs  was  delightfully  evident.  The  Brooms, 
such  as  standards  of  Cytisus  Dallimorei  and 
C.  sessilifolius  were  quite  perfect,  while  the  silvery 
foliage  of  Senecio  laxifolius  is  of  almost  dazzling 
brightness. 

The  Clematis  made  one  wish  even  more  tlian 
before  that  someone  would  evolve  a  method  of 
training  that  would  adequately  display  these 
glorious  flowers  in  a  more  natural  manner — in 
such  a  way  as  to  do  them  full  justice.  Jackman's 
plants,  for  instance,  were  models  of  cultural 
skUl,  and  testified  to  the  painstaking  labours 
of  the  hybridiser,  but  how  stiff  and  formal  were 
the  balloon  shapes !  StUl,  it  does  not  reqiiire 
undue  imagination  to  mentally  visualise  the  large 
paper-white  blooms  of  Clematis  Marie  Boisselot 
hanging  negligently  from  an  arch  or  even  a  low 
rustic  pole,  particularly  on  a  warm  summer  evening 
when  the  moon  touches  all  white  flowers  with 
enchanting  rose  colour  Gipsy  Queen,  which 
retains  the  rich  purple  of  the  old  Jackmamii, 
but  is  larger  ;  Beauty  of  Worcester  of  paler  shade, 
but  still  sufficiently  purple  to  be  gorgeous  but  not 
blatant ;  and  the  ever-popular  Nelly  Moser  were 
all  beautiful  single  Clematises.  The  best  of  the 
doubles  were  Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  Fairy  Queen 
and  Lady  Caroline  Neville,  and  these  all  have  a 
fascinating  quaintness  of  form  that  must  appeal 
even  to  those  to  whom  double  flowers  are  anathema. 

Rare  and  choice  shrubs  that  are  usually  asso- 
ciated with  the  Riviera  districts,  but  which  may 
often  be  grown  in  colder  gardens  if  only  they  are 
planted  in  well  drained  soil  by  a  wall,  were  there 
in  plenty.  Leptospermum  Boscawenii  in  the 
Donard  collection  was  more  bushy  than  usual, 
and  so  was  a  beautiful  mass  of  bloom.  Indigofera 
Boissii  is  a  good  companion  to  the  better  known 
1.  Gerardiana.  The  flowers  are  larger  and  of  rich 
purple  colour.  One  could  not  hope  to  grow 
l.eucadendron  argenteum  out  of  doors,  but  the 
Silver  Tree,  which  everyone  who  calls  at  the  Cape 
is  fascinated  with,  will  thrive  in  a  cool  house. 
The  gorgeous  scarlet  Embothrium  coccineum  is, 
unfortunately,  only  for  the  milder  parts  of  our 
country. 

In  Waterer's  outdoor  group  several  sturdy 
bushes  of  the  interesting  Feijoa  Sellowiana  w^ro 
tu  be  seen.  This  is  a  charming  wall  shrub,  and 
they  also  had  a  huge  bush  of  the  crimson  Tricuspi- 
daria  dependens,  which  could  be  grown  against 
a  wall  in  many  South  Midland  gardens.  Standards 
of  Viburnum  plicatum  wreathed  with  bloom  in 
Waterer's  group  were  fascmating,  and  elsewhere 
the  same  method  was  successful  with  Diervilla 
Eva  Rathke. 

Among  Fletcher's  Rhododendrons  and  upright 
Cupressus,  which  are  admirable  for  the  upper 
stretches  of  the  rock  garden,  were  half  a  dozen 
plants  of  Abelia  triflora,  bearmg  clusters  of 
deliciously  fragrant  flowers. 

The  Japanese  Maples,  as  usual,  were  fascinating 
in  the  feathery  .grace  of  theu-  foliage  and  colour. 
The  most  showy  were  Acer  corallina  and  A.  roseo- 
marginata,  but  A.  dissectum  was  the  richest 
colour.  Froniow  seems  to  have  quite  the  greatest 
variety  of  these  shrubs  and  included  in  Acer 
pictum  albo  margmatum  a  variety  of  exception- 
ally pure  white  marking. 

Despite  Adison's  famous  satire  and  more  recent 
railings,  topiary  continues  to  claim  its  votaries,  who 
critically  inspected  and  approved  the  workman- 
ship on  Cutbush's  "  cut-bushes "  and  Cheal's 
specimens.  Whatever  one's  personal  taste  may 
be,   the  patient  skill  of  the  grower  is  undeniable. 


THE     GARDEN. 

PERPETUAL-FLOWERING 
CARNATIONS 

The  Perpetual-flowering,  or,  as  they  might  aptly 
be  termed.  Greenhouse  Carnations  formed  one  of 
the  main  features  of  the  exhibits  under  canvas. 
It  is  now  some  twenty-five  years  since  that  well 
known  variety  Mrs.  T.  Lawson  was  introduced 
from  America,  and  it  proved  the  harbinger  of 
numerous  new  home-raised  seedlings  which  have 
brought  this  country  well  abreast  of  the  United 
States  as  a  producer  of  winter-flowering  Carnations, 
if,  indeed,  it  has  not  gone  to  the  front.  In  former 
years  the  colour  range  was  limited  and  the  flowers 
of  no  great  quality,  and  the  enormous  strides 
towards  perfection  were  well  exemplified  at  this 
great  horticultural  display.  Every  amateur  who 
lias  at  his  command  a  cool  greenhouse  can  grow 
the  plants  to  that  point  of  success  wliich  stimulates 


THE    NEW    DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII    JOAN. 
Colour,  salmon  pink. 

the  desire  towards  greater  eftort,  and  it  is  our  duty 
here  to  guide  such  in  a  selection  of  the  best  and  most 
beautiful  varieties. 

In  Messrs.  AUwood's  group,  the  largest  in  the 
Show,  one  noted  Wivelsfield  Pink,  a  pink  of  a  nice 
fresh  salmon  tint ;  Wivelsfield  .\pricot,  the  ground 
colour  giving  it  its  name,  and  having  delicate 
markings  of  light  rose ;  Wivelsfield  Beauty, 
yellow  pencilled  with  salmon  ;  Wivelsfield  Claret, 
self  descriptive  and  very  bold  in  its  unique  shade  ; 
Mary  .-Ulwood  should  not  be  missed.  It  was  the 
first  of  the  smooth-petalled  sorts,  and  its  colour 
is  a  soft  cardinal  pink.  Edward  Allwood  was 
perhaps  the  best  of  the  lot,  smooth  in  outline  as 
a  well  ordered  Border  Carnation,  and  of  an  intense 
pure  scarlet.  Of  the  foregoing  the  sweetest  scented 
are  Wivelsfield  Beauty  and  Wivelsfield  Claret, 
while  for  freedom  in  flowering  Wivelsfield 
Beauty  and  Mary  Allwood  are  specially  recom- 
mended. If  anyone  still  weints  to  grow 
Malmaisous,    and    surely    their    shape    does    not 


269 

recommend  them,  there  was  a  fine  yellow 
\'ariety  on  this  stall  called  Jessie  .-Mlwood,  but  the 
best  Mahnaisons  were  staged  by  Sir  William  E. 
Cain  of  Wargrave  Manor,  Berks,  whose  blooms 
reflected  the  greatest  credit  on  those  responsible 
for  their  culture.  A  fine  selection  of  well  grown 
Perpetuals  was  also  exhibited  by  the  same 
grower. 

Messrs.  W.  Cutbush  and  Son  of  Highgate  had 
a  well  selected  lot  of  Perpetuals  with  a  tastefully 
arranged  groundwork  of  Pinks.  Their  new 
variety.  Renown,  complexioned  in  flesh  pink  and 
most  sweetly  scented,  gained  an  award  of  merit 
last  year,  and  should  be  added  to  the  amateur's 
list  for  growing  at  home. 

Passing  across  the  tent  to  where  Mr.  Englemann 
of  Saffron  Walden  had  displayed  his  flowers, 
one's  eyesight  was  seriously  tried  by  gazing  at 
his  new  Tarzan,  surely  the  most  intensely  coloured 
Carnation  yet  raised.  This  is  a  real  dazzling 
orange  scarlet,  and  the  shape  of  the  bloom  is  good, 
ensuring  a  great  demand  when  it  comes  on  the 
market.  Nigger  is  another  novelty,  a  very  dark 
crimson,  not  very  large,  but  extraordinarily  free- 
flowering,  and  prominent  among  this  varied  display 
of  many  fine  sorts  stood  out  Jazz,  pale  apricot 
yellow  splashed  with  cerise  pink  ;  lona,  a  white 
ground  fancy  whose  ground  colour  is  lost  in  a 
maze  of  bright  salmon  stippling  and  striping.  A 
fresh,  attractive  flower  this,  and  well  worth  putting 
on  that  list.  Cupid,  again,  is  nice,  a  pink  of 
slightly  deeper  tint  than  the  older  Lady  Northcliffe 
and  a  bolder  flower.  Saffron  is  a  yellow  and  is 
ill  named,  so  is  its  sport.  Cream  Saffron  ;  but  good 
yellows  are  too  scarce  to  pass  over,  and  both  these 
flowers  are  beautiful. 

It  is  a  pity  Messrs.  K.  Luxford  and  Co.  of  Harlow, 
Essex,  had  no  staging  at  their  service  to  assist  their 
display,  the  vases  having  to  be  arranged  as  well 
as  could  be  on  the  ground.  Here  Aviator,  a  bright 
scarlet,  was  one  of  the  best,  followed  closely  by  Mrs. 
C.  W.  Ward,  a  free  flowerer,  deep  pink  in  colour  and 
a  really  fine  Carnation.  These  two  have  gained 
awards  of  merit,  and  more  should  yet  be  heard  of 
them.  A  peculiarly  coloured  seedling  was  shown 
by  this  firm,  mauvy-cerise  in  shade,  which  seems 
rather  difficult  to  comprehend  as  a  colour  mixture  ; 
but  then  the  flower  told  you  plaitily  enough  that 
nothing  else  could  describe  it,  and  quite  attractive 
it  looked  ;  also  a  sport  of  the  old  crimson  Carola, 
called  Variegated  Carola,  cumbersome  of  name,  but 
pretty  enough,  pink  ground,  spotted  and  striped 
crimson. 

One  always  looks  for  something  good  on  Messrs. 
Stuart  Low's  stand,  and  this  year  they  had  a  group 
of  new  disease-resisting  perpetuals,  which  will 
strongly  appeal  to  amateurs  who  know  something 
of  rust  or  spot.  Of  these, White  Pearl  is  very  pure, 
with  strong  clove  scent,  probably  the  best  white 
perpetual  of  all ;  Winter  Glow,  a  deep  cerise  self, 
which  shows  up  under  artificial  light  as  glowing 
red.  Mrs.  Gerrish  and  Lady  Inverforth  belong  also 
to  this  group,  the  former  is  apricot,  with  occasional 
flakes  of  coral  red,  and  the  latter  styled  an  improved 
salmon  Enchantress,  and  it  certainly  looks  it. 
Sheila  Greer  is  also  a  noteworthy  flower  of  fine 
colour — a  deep  yellow  orange  ground  flecked  with 
orange  scarlet.  Red  Ensign,  much  admired  when 
shown  two  years  ago,  again  took  a  prominent  place 
in  this  exhibit,  as  did  Countess  of  Wilton,  with  its 
strange  tint  of  mulberry  terra  cotta. 

In  perpetual  Malmaisons,  two  good  varieties  are 
Hon.  Charlotte  KnoUys  and  Hugh  Low. 

In  choosing  a  lucky  thirteen  from  all  the  fore- 
going the  amateur  cannot  go  far  wTong  with 
Wivelsfield  Pink,  Wivelsfield  Beauty,  Wivelsfield 
Claret,  Mary  .-Mlwood,  Edward  .\llwood,  Reno%vn. 
Tarzan,  lona.  Aviator,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Ward,  White 
Pearl,  Winter  Glow  and  Sheila  Greer. 


270 


THE     GARDEN. 


]May  28,   1921, 


BORDER    CARNATIONS 

This,  the  peerless  shaped  Carnation,  the  unchal- 
lenged god  of  the  Dianthus  world,  has  not  yet 
entered  his  season  of  glory.  July  and  August  are 
his  months  "  at  home."  but  Mr.  James  Douglas, 
of  Great  Bookham,  can  generally  wrest  a  few  bril- 
liant blossoms  from  these  months  to  present  them 
at  Chelsea.  He  is  the  only  grower  of  "  Borders  " 
who  consistently  claims  flowers  from  plants  a 
month  or  more  before  they  are  due,  and,  con- 
sequently, his  display  was  the  only  one  of  this 
type  to  be  seen.  The  Edenside  Nursery  has 
recently  become  identified  with  a  new  break  in 
Cloves  of  many  colours,  and  fine  samples  of  these 
were  shown  in  white,  blush,  claret  and  salmon. 
They  will  become  every  garden-lovers'  plant  when 
better  known,  but  these  do  not  by  a  long  way 
exhaust  the  range  of  colours  in  which  Cloves  can 
now  be  had.  Two  very  striking  scarlet  selfs  were 
Veldtfire  and  Grenadier,  and  Mr.  Douglas  also 
showed  some  of  liis  newer  but  already  well  known 
fancies,  such  as  Saladin,  grey  flaked  with  salmon 
pink ;  Sir  Douglas  Haig,  white  ground,  very 
heavily  marked  crimson ;  and  Cleopatra,  soft 
grcs  de  viii  with  apricot  just  showing  at  the  centre. 
Newer  still  are  Gloriana,  apricot  splashed  with 
mauve,  a  real  tip-top  flower,  but,  unfortunately, 
weakish  in  the  stem  ;  Melanie,  an  apricot  orange 
and  Topaz,  yellow  lightly  flecked  rose. 


PINKS 

To  nine  out  of  every  ten  gardening  folks  the 
border  Pink  is  Mrs.  Sinkins,  and  Mrs.  Sinkins 
a  synonym  for  the  border  Pink.  Now,  this 
evolution  of  Dianthus  plumarius  had  become  a 
wonderfully  popular  plant,  and  as  a  plant  deservedly 
so,  but  it  intrigues  the  mind  to  think  why  such 
a  wretched  flower  should  ever  command  the 
respect  it  did.  For  this  Mrs.  Sinkins,  withal  of 
pleasant  perfume,  is  but  a  floppy,  calyx-bursting, 
ragged  parody  of  what  a  Pink  can  be.  And  if 
this  great  exhibition  be  of  instructive  value  at 
all,  surely  in  this  group  the  careful  florist  will 
find  some  valuable  hints  for  autunm  planting. 
One  must  imagine  that  the  Sinkins  type  of  Pink 
earned  its  place  in  many  gardens  by  its  excellent 
border  habit  and  the  beauty  of  its  glaucous 
foliage,  because  its  brief  display  of  teased  and 
flaccid  flowers  could  never  have  done  so  alone. 
But  here  we  have  demonstration  that  nowadays 
garden  Pinks  have  perfect  border  habit,  perfect 
glaucous  leaves,  and  perfect  florist  type  of  flowers, 
all  linked  to  a  longer  period  of  bloom  than  had 
Sinkins  and  Her  Majesty.  Why,  then,  Sinkins, 
and  why  Her  Majesty  ?  For  no  reason  at  all ; 
and  the  wise  will  gratefully  take  note  of  the 
newer  and  finer  things  their  gardens  can  now  have 
in  their  place.  Mr.  C.  H.  Herbert,  of  Acocks 
Green,  near  Birmingham,  has  done  more  than 
anyone  else  to  raise  the  Pink  to  the  position  of 
a  valued  herbaceous  plant,  and  it  is  interesting 
to  know  how  he  started  off  in  his  work  of  wizardry. 
By  crossing  two  old  and  now  unknown  Pinks, 
Robert  Haulgrave  and  Arthur  Brown,  came 
Progress,  a  large-flowered,  double  Pink  of  rosy 
lilac  shade,  whose  crowning  distinction  was  a 
proclivity  for  continuous  bloom.  Working  on 
this  new  comer,  Mr.  Herbert  has  evolved  a  race 
of  Pinks,  slightly  taller  in  growth  than  the  old 
edging  varieties  of  which  Sinkins  was  typical, 
but  retaining  the  stout  flower  stem  which  needs 
no  staking;  and,  having  the  great  advantage  of 
continuous-flowering,  are  bound  to  become  useful 
and  popular  as  genuine  herbaceous  plants, 
decorative  throughout  the  winter  because  of  their 


glaucous  foliage  and  increasing  in  beauty  over 
a  period  of  years.  To  mention  but  a  few  of  these 
new  varieties,  there  are  Queen  Mary,  Sweet  Nell 
and  Model,  all  of  them  rose  or  pink  with  crimson 
or  red  bases,  and  the  last  named  a  flower  of  exquisite 
form.  Negress  and  The  Imp  strike  a  deeper  note 
of  colour,  the  former  rich  plum,  and  the  latter 
dark  crimson  ;  but  it  was  the  vase  of  unnamed 
seedlings  that  appealed  so  much  to  the  florist. 
Here  were  fine  fully  double  flowers  of  real  Carnation 
build,  in  scarlet,  carmine  red,  light  salmon  (a 
perfect  beauty),  Indian  red  and  crimson ;  also 
an  improved  Model,  to  say  which  is  to  talk  of 
making  the  best  better.  As  a  horticultural 
accomplishment  this  is  one  of  the  fine  things  of 
the  year. 

Messrs.  Allwood's  race  of  Pinks  called  Allwoodii 
should  not  be  missed  when  seeking  for  perpetual- 
flowering  plants.  They  are  already  too  well 
known  to  need  an  elaborate  introduction,  but 
the  best  for  garden  decoration  seemed  to  be  Joan, 
Harold  (the  originator  of  the  group),  Susan, 
Betty,  Mary,  Robert  and  Rufus.  A  specimen 
plant  of  the  last  named  was  shown  growing  in  an 
I  Sin.  pot  and  bearing  roughly  Goo  flowers  and  buds. 
This  individual  plant  has  been  at  Chelsea  for 
several  consecutive  years,  each  year  appearing 
in  a  bigger  pot.  and  the  firm  hope  to  bring  it  up 
again  next  year  in  a  2oin,  pot,  bearing,  perhaps, 
Soo  flowers  and  buds  !  .And  the  plant  looks  as 
healthy  as  a  youngster. 


TULIPS 

I  was  specially  surprised  to  find  Tulips  surveying 
the  situation  all  serene.  We  have  had  an  early 
season,  nevertheless,  they  knew  Chelsea  would 
not  be  complete  without  them.  In  Dobbie's 
display  from  "  the  land  o'  cakes "  their  culture 
was  much  in  evidence.  If  one  thoroughly  under- 
stands the  principles  in  Tulip  culture  they  give 
untold  pleasure.  Some  of  special  note  in  the 
Northern  display  were  Inglescombe  Yellow,  a 
bright,  clear  yellow,  one  of  the  best  of  the  Cottage 
Tulips  ;  Bronze  Queen,  Boadicea  and  a  very  pretty 
Dutch  Breeder,  Dom  Pedro,  a  shade  of  brown 
mingled  with  maroon  ;  Orange  King,  a  bright 
orange  flamed  with  pink — it  is  an  old  one  but  a 
great  favourite ;  Sunset,  then  Beauty  of  Bath 
with  Kingscourt,  a  golden  mauve  below ;  La 
Tulipe  Noire,  in  fine  form,  one  loves  its  wondrous 
colouring. 

Of  the  Parrot  Tulips,  chiefly  those  of  interest 
were  Perfection,  scarlet  and  gold  ;  Mark  Graaff.  an 
orange  gold,  striped  scarlet ;  and  Lutea,  a  yellow 
of  wondrous  charm. 

Some  of  the  most  brilliant  of  the  Darwins  were 
Professor  M.  Foster,  a  carmine  red  with  a  white 
and  violet  centre.  Pride  of  Haarlem,  bright  rose 
with  a  pure  blue  centre  ;  and  Nora  Ware,  a  white 
and  mauve  delightfully  blended.  Velvet  King, 
deep  purple,  and  Gesneriana  Lutea,  a  sun  yeilow. 

In  Barr's  display  Lupines  of  various  colourings 
were  arranged  among  the  Tulips  :  all  very  delight- 
ful. I  feel  I  must  digress  and  mention  Zulu. 
Southern  Belle,  and  especially  Captivation,  a  blue 
and  white  of  entrancing  charm. 

1  noticed  the  yeUow  Cottage  Tulip  Ellen  Will- 
mott.  The  Rembrandt,  Tulip  Semele.  Of  the 
Darwins,  Bleu  Amiable,  a  mauve  blue ;  Avis 
Kinnicott,  deep  yellow  with  a  brown  centre,  is  a 
cottage  of  striking  form.  Despite  the  season,  the 
Tulip  display  at  Chelsea  was  a  valiant  example, 
which  pomted  out — m  whatever  circumstances  you 
place  them — that  they  invariably  master  the  bright 
iide  of  things  with  confident  trust. 


FRUITS 

It  is  to  be  expected  that  at  Chelsea  the  standard 
of  Vertumnus  will  be  lowered  in  the  presence  ot 
the  Goddess  Flora.  The  pomologist,  however, 
was  not  altogether  without  subjects  for  his 
approval,  and,  coal  crisis  notwithstanding,  several 
well  known  firms  brought  up  forced  fruits 
in  tempting  variety.  From  Messrs.  Rivers  we 
expect  great  things,  and  they  did  not  disappoint 
us.  A  fine  group  ccnsisting  mainly  of  Peaches 
was  tbeir  contribution.  Peregrine,  one  of  the  best 
of  their  introductions  was  in  good  form,  and  Early 
Albert  and  Libra  were  hardly  less  good.  Cherries 
were  few,  but  an  excellent  tree  of  Guigne 
d'Annonay  showed  that  it  is  a  week  or  so  before 
Early  Rivers  inside,  as  it  is  outdoors.  This  is  but 
little  grown,  but  though  small,  it  crops  remark- 
ably well,  and  with  the  first  fruits  we  need  not  be 
too  critical  as  to  size. 

Messrs.  Laxton  have  in  some  measure  cornered 
the  Strawberry,  and  they  showed  on  a  round  table 
some  of  their  latest  introductions.  Many  of  these 
are  too  new  to  speak  definitely  about,  but  Laxtonian 
is  a  tried  and  approved  variety  which  will  soon 
be  in  every  garden.  "  The  best  Strawberry 
since  Royal  Sovereign,"  said  a  passing  expert. 

The  King's  Acre  Nursery  showed  a  large  bank  of 
fruit  trees,  well  grown  specimens,  but  the  fruit, 
we  fancy,  intended  to  visit  Holland  House,  while 
its  producers  said  "  Chelsea."  We  cannot  help 
thinking  that  the  fruits  were  right. 

At  the  end  of  a  tabling  many  pots  of  ripe  Straw- 
berries by  Whitelegg,  attracted  much  enviable 
admiration.  Hatfield  Victor,  an  immense  fruit  of 
rich,  luscious  appearance,  and  Hatfield  Premier, 
equally  desirable,  were  the  sorts  so  well  grown. 


VEGETABLES 

Delicious  young  green  Broad  Beans,  to  be 
eaten  raw,  and  the  famous  Choke  are  two 
vegetables  greatly  in  favour  on  the  Continent. 
My  delight  was  great,  therefore,  to  find  Buttons 
exhibiting  both  these  vegetables.  Such  fine 
young  green  Beans,  so  good  raw,  full  of  vitamines, 
the  protein  still  unformed  and  therefore  valuable 
even  for  the  gouty.  The  Chokes  were  grand, 
large  and  what  is  more  in  the  right  bud  state, 
the  only  condition  in  which  to  eat  them  ;  but 
they  were  not  the  Orbetello  variety,  nor  even 
the  Florence,  which  is  only  a  poor  imitation  of 
the  famous  Tuscan  Choke.  Suttons  and  Beckett 
were  the  only  two  to  exhibit  vegetables,  but 
what  vegetables !  Where  else  than  at  Chelsea 
would  such  a  spread  of  such  superlative  quality 
be  found  so  early  in  the  season  ?  Sutton's  Peas, 
World's  Record,  Little  Marvel  and  Green  Gem, 
were  fine ;  the  former  of  grand  flavour.  Mr. 
Beckett  showed  Edwin  Beckett' and  Quite  Content. 
It  is  wonderful  growing  to  have  a  main  crop  like 
Quite  Content  fit  now,  and  those  exhibited  had 
been  grown  out  of  doors !  Wake  up,  British 
gardeners ;  success  in  these  things  is  purely 
grasping  opportunities.  Raised  under  glass  and 
planted  out  and  grown,  not  left  to  take  care  of 
themselves.  This  is  the  secret.  What  Cucumbers 
Grown  from  seed  and  cut  within  the  month.  Mr. 
Beckett  also  has  Chokes  and  Fevres  ;  so  French 
taste  is  again  emphasised.  Both  Messrs.  Suttons 
and  Mr.  Beckett  displayed  early  Potatoes  in 
abundance  and  variety.  Tomatoes,  both  yellows 
and  reds,  were  grand  in  both  exhibits  Suttons 
had  Mushrooms,  Marrows,  Asparagus,  Aubergines, 
Cauliflowers  and  Beet,  and  all  that  could  be 
expected.  All  were  fine.  The  Carrots  were  too 
large. 


In  next  week's  issue  we  shall  publish  comments   on  the  Rock  and  Formal  Gardens  at  Chelsea,  and  on  Garden  Furniture.     We  shall  include  our 
Sbecial  Correspondents'  views  on  Herbaceous  Plants,  Orchids  and  Lilies,  and  draw  attention  to   new  and  helpful  Appliances.     The  official  list  oj 
^  ^  the  Judges'  Awards  will  also  be  given. 


May  28,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


271 


TULIP      TITTLE-TATTLE 

A    Valuable   Selection   of  the   Choicest    Varieties  with   Hints 
on   Colour   Combinations 


What's  One  Man's   Meat    .   .   .—Every  year  I 

am  struck  by  the  different  varieties  visitors  choose 
as  the  ones  they  like  best  when  they  have  been 
round  and  seen  my  collection  of  Tulips.  Naturally, 
I  am  a  bit  "bucked  up  "  when  I  find  their  favourites 
coincide  with  my  own.  Thus  last  week  a  doctor 
friend  came  and  told  me  (I  ought  to  say  I  am 
doing  a  rest  cure  in  bed  and  only  get  a  peep  at 
those  near  the  house  from  the  window)  :  "  I 
know  which  I  like — first,  Eclipse,  and  second, 
Canary  Queen."  Now,  Eclipse  is  a  newcomer. 
It  took  my  fancy  very  much  when  I  saw  it  in 
Jlessrs.  R.  H.  Bath's  group  at  Chelsea  last  year. 
The  natural  result  followed — I  had  to  buy  a  few  ; 
and  now  when  it  is  in  flower  here  for  the  first 
time  it  is  picked  out  by  my  friend  as  the  Tulip 
he  likes  best  out  of  the  whole  lot  in  the  garden. 
I  put  it  at  about  the  top  of  the  rich  deep  crimson- 
maroon  Darwins.  It  has  not  been  long  in  getting 
an  admirer.  Canary  Queen,  which  I  mentioned 
in  The  Garden  for  May  14,  was  at  its  best  when 
he  saw  it ;  and  when  it  is  at  its  best  there  is  no 
yellow  Tulip  that  1  have  ever  seen  that  can  beat 
it.  When  it  passes  out  of  its  one- toned  "  flapper  " 
state  and  develops  into  maturity  with  its  exquisite 
combination  of  lemon  and  primrose,  you  probably 
will  realise  the  appropriateness  of  its  name,  Canary 
Queen.  .Another  visitor,  a  parson  friend,  came 
back  full  of  browny-yellows  and  Tulipe  Noire, 
.-^gain  I  was  "  bucked  up."  I  found  the  bro^vny 
one  that  he  liked  best  was  Prince  Albert,  which, 
as  I  know  it  and  as  I  find  it  in  the  only  Dutch 
catalogue  which  includes  a  Prince  Albert,  is  a 
tall  handsome  Dutch  Breeder — a  bizarre  self 
which  (touching  wood)  has  not  developed  the  bad 
habit  of  "  breaking."  Golden  Bronze  and  Goud- 
vink  are  grand  varieties  of  this  type  of  colouring, 
but  Prince  Albert  is  grander  still.  Perhaps  if 
I  had  a  larger  number  so  that  it  would  attract 
more  attention,  and  if  it  were  not  so  much  given 
to.  breaking,  Meyerbeer — the  splendid  coppery- 
brown,  which  last  autumn  woke  up  to  find  itself 
quoted  at  a  big  price  in  the  Dutch  lists — might 
be  placed  beside  it.  But  this  is  guessing.  Tulipe 
Noire  was  noticed  mainly  because  of  its  exceeding 
darkness.  "  There  was  just  a  little  block  of  it 
in  a  bed  with  some  other  darkies,  but  they  were 
not  half  so  black  looking."  I  rather  gathered 
what  appealed  to  my  visitor  was  the  marvel  of 
the  thing.  That,  at  any  rate,  is  how  I  look  upon 
it.  It  is  too  black  looking  to  be  pleasing,  and  if 
the  individual  flowers  are  examined,  many,  I 
fear,  will  be  found  to  be  distorted.  Faust,  to  me, 
is  much  more  pleasing  and,  as  the  popular  phrase 
goes,  "  a  better  thing  altogether." 

The    Hammer    Hales— Boadicea  Mystery.— 

Hammer  Hales  is  not  only  a  Tulip,  but  a  man. 
The  only  mystery  about  the  man  is  how  he 
managed  to  throw  the  hammer  so  far  when  he 
was  an  undergraduate  at  Cambridge.  He  beat 
all  previous  records.  As  regards  the  Tulip,  there 
is  a  mystery  ;  and  that  mystery  I  have  never 
been  able  to  clear  up  in  an  entirely  satisfactory 
manner.  It  began  with  an  exhibit  of  Canon 
Fowler's  at  the  Tulip  Conference  in  1916.  In  a 
vase  labelled  "  Hammer  Hales "  he  had  two 
distinct  varieties.  They  were  of  somewhat  similar 
colouring,  but  totally  difierent  in  form.  One  was 
a  rough,  round  bloom  :  the  other  a  longer  and 
smarter  looking  thing  altogether.  A  good  many 
heads  were  put  together,  and  the  upshot  was 
that  the  longer  of  the  two  was  identified  as  Boadicea, 
which    Messrs.    Wallace    and    Co.    had    in    their 


catalogue.  It  came  to  them,  I  think,  via  the  late 
Walter  Ware.  The  two  varieties  are  noted  as 
distinct  in  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Tulip  Book,  and  yet  some  firms  in  their  catalogues 
bracket  them  as  synonyms.  The  difiiculty  is 
tliis  :  Up  to  the  time  of  the  Conference  I  grew  as 
Hammer  Hales  what  was  then  decided  to  be 
Boadicea,  and  if  my  memory  serves  me  it  came 
from  the  original  distributor,  Mr.  A.  M.  Wilson. 
Where,  then,  did  the  other  Hammer  Hales  come 
from,  and  how  did  what  I  may  call  Wallace's 
Boadicea  get  its  name  ?  Boadicea  is  one  of  the 
most  effective  of  all  Cottage  Tulips,  with  its  long 
blooms  of  bright  mahogany  red  with  the  petals 
edged  with  a  rich  dark  amber.  When  you  ask 
for  Boadicea  be  sure  you  get  it. 

A  Supplementary  List. — No  one  can  find  much 
fault  with  Mr.  Norman  Lambert's  list  in  The 
Garden  for  May  14  if  by  Hammer  Hales  he  means 
Boadicea.  I  would  not  have  mentioned  all  he 
mentions,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  he  has  probably 
deliberately  left  out  the  few  I  am  about  to  refer 
to  now.  Taking  the  Darwins  first,  I  would  never 
have  left  out  the  following  :  Faust,  a  very  large 
dark  variety  ;  Aphrodite,  a  lovely  shade  of  soft 
rose-pink  ;  Prince  of  the  Netherlands,  a  large 
rose-red,  not  quite  a  self ;  Ronald  Gunn,  a  fine, 
tall  dusky  lilac  with  whitish  edges  and  tips  to 
the  petals  ;  Miranda,  an  early  ruby  red  ;  Petrus 
Hondius,  a  particularly  bright  carmine  rose ; 
Eclipse,  already  mentioned  ;  and  Viking,  a  fine 
understudy  for  The  Bishop.  Mr.  Lambert's 
list  of  Cottage  and  Breeder  Tulips  is  hardly  as 
long  as  that  of  the  Darwins.  I  would  supplement 
it  with  the  following :  Ellen  Willmott,  a  long- 
waisted  bloom  of  a  delicious  pale  yellow  ;  Mrs. 
Kerrell,  a  beautiful  amber  pink ;  Inglescombe 
Yellow  and  Bouton  d'Or,  two  yellows  that  are 
remarkably  hard  to  beat ;  Golconda,  a  little 
known  red,  but  extremely  valuable  because  of 
its  lateness ;  Beau  Brummel,  about  the  most 
beautiful  scarlet  Tulip  I  know ;  Boadicea  (not 
Hammer  Hales),  bright  mahogany  red,  shading 
to  deep  amber  at  the  edges  of  the  petals  ;    Didieri 


alba,  a  small,  sweet-scented  pure  white  which 
never  flushes ;  Do  Little,  a  very  old  English 
florists'  Tulip,  pure  white  feathered  and  slightly 
splashed  with  bright  crimson,  splendid  in  a  big 
vase ;  Prince  Hendrik,  a  Dutch  Bybloem  with 
slight  and  dainty  pale  purple  markings ;  and 
Salomon,  a  lovely  rosy  mauve  Dutch  Breeder. 
These  complementary  lists  are  almost  as  if  I  had 
drawn  my  bow  at  a  venture  and  shot  into  the 
midst  of  a  flock  of  Tulips ;  there  are  so  many 
good  varieties  worthy  of  a  place  in  our  gardens. 

Combinations. — The  majority  of  people  who 
have  Tulips  in  any  quantity  in  their  gardens 
like  them  to  look  well.  Hence  a  little  forethought 
about  their  arrangement  and  environment.  Bad 
language,  whether  used  by  flowers  or  by  human 
beings,  is  unfashionable.  Swear  words  ought 
never  to  be  heard  in  polite  society.  Hence  these 
two  or  three  hints  are  given,  hoping  that  they 
may  be  of  some  use.  Have  you  ever  used  the 
old  Cheiranthus  AUionii  as  a  ground  or  an  edging 
plant  in  connection  with  Tulips?  It  is  a  very 
vivid  orange;  it  "out-oranges"  any  orange  that 
I  can  think  of.  If  it  is  used  in  combination  with 
any  of  that  rather  awkward  series  of  what  I  like 
to  call  ruby  reds,  such  as  Palissa,  WiUiam  Goldring, 
.\ndromaque,  The  International  and  Miranda, 
the  effect  is  striking  and  unusual.  I  have  not 
tried  it,  but  a  dark  variety  that  does  not  grow 
too  tall,  such  as  Tulipe  Noire  or  Paul  Baudry, 
would  make  a  very  handsome  combination. 
Never  mind  if  it  is  somewhat  like  the  devil's 
livery,  no  one  ever  thinks  of  his  Satanic  Majesty 
in  a  garden.  As  I  write,  under  the  window  there 
is  a  long  bed  filled  with  alternate  plantings  of 
rose  and  deep  purple  varieties ;  Prince  of  the 
Netherlands,  Aphrodite,  Petrus  Hondius  and 
Rose  Beauty  are  the  rose  shades,  and  Greuze, 
Willem  de  Zeigler,  Moralis  and  Viola  for  the  deep 
purple  shades.  I  think  if  Venus  had  been  sub- 
stituted for  Rose  Beauty  and  Jubilee  for  Viola 
it  would  have  been  better.  Anyhow,  the  idea 
may  come  in  for  anyone  who  is  thinking  of  planting 
Tulips  in  a  row.  My  last  suggestion  is  just  a 
reminder  of  the  beauty  of  the  large  Spanish  Wood 
Hyacinths  (ScUla  campanulata)  in  combination 
with  Tulips.  I  mean  the  so-called  blue  and  pink 
shades.  If  the  colours  are  chosen  with  discretion 
the  combination  will  be  very  charming.  The 
white  does  not  tone  in  somehow  and  should  be 
avoided.  Joseph  Jacob. 


CUCUMBER  -  GROWING    FOR    AMATEURS 

It  is  always  best  to  grow  these  succulent  vegetables  from  seed  if  possible — - 
and  there  is  still  time,  although  only  just  time,  to  sow  for  this  season. 
Those  who  do  not  raise  their  own  seedlings  may  save  time  and  a  Utile  trouble 
by  purchasing  from  local  nurserymen  young  plants  ready  for  planting  out. 


IT  is  a  common  belief  of  cottage  gardeners 
and  allotment  holders  that  Cucumbers  are 
both  difficult  and  expensive  to  raise ;  but 
this  is  quite  a  mistake,  for  in  reality  the 
cultivation  of  this  salad  vegetable  is  quite 
a  simple  matter,  and  with  ordinary  care  should 
be  easily  made  a  source  of  profit.  It  is  by  no  means 
nece;sary  to  possess  a  greenhouse,  or  even  an 
expensive  heated  frame,  for  excellent  results  are 
readily  obtained  by  using  a  simple  turf  frame, 
which  costs  but  a  few  pence  and  is  constructed 
as  follows.  A  sheltered  corner  of  the  garden 
should  be  chosen,  facing  south,  if  possible,  and  a 
space  marked  out  about  6ft.  wide  and  as  long  as 
may  be  desired,  stout  stakes  being  driven  into  the 
ground  at  the  comers.  Some  turves,  clumps  of 
grass,  weeds,  &c.,  taken  from  other  parts  of  the 
garden  should  then  be  built  up  neatly  to  form  a 


wall  about  gins,  thick  all  round  this  space  and 
sloping  from  a  rear  height  of  30jns,  to  iSins.  in 
front.  Along  the  top  of  this  turf  %vall,  which  is 
designed  to  retain  heat  and  to  keep  out  possible 
late  frosts,  strips  of  wood  are  placed  and  are  nailed 
to  the  comer  stakes,  making  an  even  surface  for 
the  lights  to  rest  upon.  These  are  of  the  simplest 
description,  consisting  merely  of  light  wooden 
■frames  crossed  ivith  twine  and  supporting  sheets 
of  oiled  or  glazed  calico,  a  material  which  is  very 
much  cheaper  than  glass,  yet  which  answers  the 
purpose  admirably. 

Having  thus  constructed  the  frame  the  soil 
within  it  should  be  hoed  fine  and  mixed  with 
leaf-mould  and  a  little  well-rotted  stable  manure. 
The  plants  may  be  raised  from  seed  in  the  following 
manner.  A  barrow-load  of  strong  stable  manure 
should,  without  delay,  be  heaped  in  one  corner  of 


272 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  28,  1921. 


the  pit  and  Cucumber  seeds  sown  in  a  large  pot 
half  full  of  light,  rich  soil,  the  pot  being  then 
covered  with  a  piece  of  glass.  Veitch's  Improved 
Long  Ridge  is  an  excellent  variety  for  this  purpose, 
while  the  shorter  Gherkin  Cucumber  also  gives 
uniformally  good  results.  The  pot  containing 
the  seeds  shoidd  next  be  firmly  set  on  the  manure 
and  pressed  slightly  in.  The  young  seedlings 
will  rapidly  develop  on  this  extemporised  hot-bed 
and  will  be  ready  for  transplanting  in  a  very  short 
time.  After  the  first  rough  leaves  have  fully 
formed  the  tops  above  the  leaves  should  be  pinched 
off  and  the  seedlings  planted  out  in  the  frame, 
this  planting  out  being  carried  on  as  follows : 
Place  some  long  litter  or  turfy  soil  along  the  bottom 
of  the  pit  and  above  it  place  a  wide  ridge  of  fairly 
warm  manure.  Tread  this  dov\-n  until  firm  and 
cover  it  with  light  soil  of  good  quality,  in  which 
the  plants  should  be  carefully  placed.  As  the 
roots  develop  more  earth  should  be  lightly  placed 
around  them,  but  it  should  not  be  made  too  firm. 
On  sunny  days  the  lights  should  be  removed 
during  the  hottest  part  of  the  day,  and  in  June 
and  July  the  pits  should  be  left  uncovered  for  the 
greater  part  of  each  sunny  day,  but  the  lights 
shoiUd  always  be  replaced  at  night  to  retain  the 
heat  absorbed  during  the  day.  Regular  supplies 
of  water  should  be  given  throughout  the  season, 
and  the  roots  may  be  occasionally  treated  with 
weak  liquid  manure.  In  watering,  the  plants 
should  never  be  flooded  with  water,  but  should 
be  heavily  sprinkled  at  frequent  inter\  als.  During 
the  season  weak  shoots  should  be  removed  quite 
early,  and  the  bearing  shoots  carefully  trained, 
the  tops  being  pinched  off  when  they  grow  too 
rapidly.  Crowded  shoots  should  be  carefully 
thitmed,  while  if  a  great  amount  of  foliage  is  pro- 
duced the  leaves  may  also  be  thinned  with 
advantage.  If  two  many  "  false  blooms "  are 
observed  some  of  these  should  be  removed,  but 
not  all,  or  fertilisation  will  not  take  place. 

By  following  these  simple  directions  a  good 
number  of  Cucumbers  can  be  reachly  grown  until 
quite  late  in  the  season,  and  as  there  is  a  steady 
demand  for  these  succulent  vegetables,  any  which 
are  not  required  indoors  may  be  disposed  of  quite 
readily.  It  should  be  remembered,  however, 
that  the  actual  food  value  of  Cucumbers  is  quite 
small,  though  they  are  deservedly  regarded  as 
delicacies  in  hot  weather.  In  addition  to  the  two 
varieties  already  named,  the  Telegraph  Cucumber 
and  Butcher's  Disease  Resister  are  particularly 
suited  for  turf  frames.  If  it  should  happen  that 
good  young  plants,  ready  for  planting  out,  can  be 
reachly  purchased  from  local  nurserymen,  this  may 
save  a  little  trouble  in  the  early  stages,  but  it  is 
always  best  to  grow  from  seed  if  possible.      G.  A.  P. 


GARDENING     OF     THE    WEEK 


A  June  Fruit  Salad. — Take  about  one  pound 
of  ripe  Strawberries  and  divide  them  ;  two  sweet 
Oranges,  removing  peel,  pith  and  pips ;  three 
ripe  Bananas  sliced  thinly  as  you  would  Cucumber. 
Add  ten  drops  of  essence  of  vanilla,  sift  castor 
sugar  over  the  confection,  and  adding  a  dessert- 
spoonful of  "  Scotch."  Leave  it  for  some  hours 
to  mellow,  and  if  ice  is  obtainable,  put  about  a 
quarter  of  a  pound  shaven  finely  and  serve. 

Scentless  Mask. — Can  any  reader  explain  why  it 
is  that  Musk  has  lost  its  odour  ?  A  matter  of  ten 
years  or  so  ago  the  scent  was  very  strong,  especially 
after  warm  sunmier  rains.  It  was  then  a  common 
plant  in  cottage  windows,  but  no  one  seems  to 
have  foimd  a  scented  Musk  within  the  last  few 
years.  Why  a  plant  should  suddenly  have  lost 
its  odour  is  one  of  the  riddles  of  plant  life  that  has 
apparently  not  yet  been  solved.  Readers  should 
make  a  note  of  smelling  their  Musk  when  in  flower, 
because  the  old  confirmed  faith  in  its  sweetness 
is  so  persistent  that  it  is  impossible  to  dissociate 
fragrance  from  the  appearance  of  the  plant. 


FOR    SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 
Bedding  Out.— The  filling  of  the  beds  and 
borders  with  their  summer  occupants  must  be 
pushed  on  with  as  rapidly  as  possible  and  as 
climatic  conditions  allow.  Rather  than  risk 
planting  the  more  delicate  subjects  before 
thoroughly  hardening  off  it  is  better  to  postpone 
the  operation  another  week  or  more,  for  a  bad 
check  immediately  after  planting  does  infinite 
harm.  A  clearly  thought-out  arrangement  should 
be  decided  upon  before  the  work  is  begrm,  and  no 
plant  should  be  introduced  into  any  important 
scheme  urdess  its  habit  and  colour  are  thoroughly 
known,  and  only  on  a  large  scale  is  it  wise  to 
mtroduce  many  colours.  The  richest  tones  are 
best  approached  somewhat  graduallv ;  thus  a 
long  series  of  beds  representing  a  border  may  be 
brightest  in  the  centre  or  at  one  end,  the  latter 
more  especially  should  there  be  a  suitable  finish 
of  shrubs  as  a  foil.  A  ring  or  otherwise  irregular 
arrangement  of  a  number  of  beds  give  a  good  effect 
w^hen  the  inner  ones  are  in  subdued  tones  leading 
into  much  brighter  ones  on  the  outside.  White 
should  always  be  sparingly  used  unless  there  is 
some  particular  reason  for  its  employment  ;  bright 
yellow  is  also  a  colour  which  needs  judicious 
use,  but  at  the  same  time  it  is  one  of  the  most 
effective  colours  to  be  viewed  from  a  distance. 
Used  for  this  purpose  in  conjunction  with  rich 
orange  in  a  position  where  the  sun's  rays  towards 
evenmg  would  touch  it,  the  effect  is  reallv  good. 
Foliage  plants,  particularly  those  possessing  grey 
tones,  are  very  helpful  in  bridging  over  any 
possible  clashing  of  colours. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Thinning  Crops  is  an  operation  demanding 
considerable  tune  in  large  gardens,  but  one,  never- 
theless, which  must  be  carried  out  as  soon  as 
convenient  with  those  crops  which  are  to  remain 
and  attain  fuU  development.  It  is  not  essential 
for  the  work  to  be  so  thoroughly  done  with  the 
early  crops,  as  thev  are  used  up  so  quickly.  The 
crops  referred  to  for  thinnmg  are  Carrots,  Beet 
and  Turmps.  After  tlie  unavoidable  treading  of 
the  ground  during  thinning  operations  the  Dutch 
hoe  should  always  be  run  through  the  soU. 

New  Zealand  Spinach. — This  is  quite  a  reliable 
stand-by,  especially  on  light  or  stony  soils,  but 
it  can  hardly  be  termed  popular.  Probably  the 
best  way  to  treat  it  is  to  sow  in  boxes  in  a  frame, 
afterwards  planting  out  and  allowing  ample  room 
for  development — from  2ft.  to  3ft.  The  summer 
Spinach  should  be  sown  for  the  next  few  weeks 
on  cool  borders. 

Outdoor  Tomatoes  should  be  planted  firmly 
in  fruiting  quarters.  Quite  favourable  places 
for  a  few  may  often  be  found  between  fruit  trees 
on  walls.  Failing  such  a  position  the  warmest 
and  driest  spot  in  full  sun  should  be  chosen.  Plant 
m  rows  3ft.  apart  so  that  they  get  light  and  sun- 
shine through  the  rows.  Unless  a  particularlv 
favourable  season,  it  is  not  a  crop  to  pin  much 
faith  to,  though  the  unripe  fruit  from  outside 
plants  is  very  useful  for  chutneys  and  jams. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Melons  approaching,  or  having  reached,  the 
ripening  stage  must  have  an  abundance  of  warm, 
dry  air,  and  the  borders  or  pits  in  which  the  plants 
are  growing  must  also  be  on  the  dry  side,  for  it 
is  impossible  to  get  a  high  finish  to  the  fruits 
otherwise.  The  fruits  should  be  cut  before  being 
allowed  to  part  from  the  stem  of  the  plant,  and  it  is 
an  advantage  to  keep  them  several  days  afterwards 
in  an  even  temperature  before  using  them.  To 
those  selecting  Melons  for  the  first  time  suitable 
for  table,  the  scent  of  the  fruit,  coupled  with 
a  slight  yielding  of  the  flesh  at  the  base  if  gently 
pressed  with  thumb  and  finger,  will  give  a  very 
good  idea  of  its  fitness  for  using.  Succession 
plants  are  now  making  rapid  growth  in  their  various 
stages.  Pinch  and  regulate  as  necessary  and 
support  the  fruits  in  good  time  with  nets  or  broad 
strands  of  raffia.  Plants  in  frames  should  be 
encouraged  to  make  rapid  headway  by  closing 
the  frame  early.  The  main  stem  should  be 
stopped  when  it  is  from  i5ins.  to  iSins.  in  length, 
as  this  induces  the  formation  of  side  shoots  and 
fruit.  H.  Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 

Albury  Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Tomatoes. — Early  lots  will  now  be  swelling 
their  fruits  freely,  so  should  have  the  benefit  of  an 
occasional  stimulant,  more  especially  if  the  plants 
are  in  pots  or  in  boxes  of  limited  dimensions. 
A  slight  dusting  of  artificial  manure,  such  as 
Wakeley's,  varied  at  a  later  period  with  a  weak 
dilution  of  liquid  manure  from  the  byre  will  help 
materially  to  swell  and  finish  the  crop.  Attend 
carefully  to  the  tying  and  training  of  the  plants, 
rubbing  oS  all  side  shoots  as  they  appear.  Keep 
a  sharp  look-out  for  white  fly  and  fumigate  with 
Auto-shreds  on  its  appearance. 

Cabbages. — Maincrop  lots  should  now  be  ready 
for  transplanting  from  the  open  seed-bed.  Have 
supplies  of  soot  and  lime  at  hand  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  young  plants  from  slugs.  Austin's 
Superb  has  proved  a  fine  maincrop  variety,  pro- 
ducing heads  of  fine  quality. 

Potatoes.^ — -These  %vill  now  require  plenty  of 
attention.  Break  up  the  sod  between  the  rows 
with  a  digging  fork,  especially  if  the  soil  is  on  the 
heavy  side.  If  thought  advisable,  give  the  crop 
some  artificial  manure ;  before  the  soil  is  finally 
drawn  up  being  a  good  time  to  do  this.  Un- 
fortunately many  of  the  crops  of  early  Potatoes 
in  Ayrshire  received  a  severe  check  during  the  first 
week  in  May,  the  thermometer  registering  12°  of 
frost  on  the  morning  of  the  5  th,  followed  during 
the  day  by  brilliant  sunshine. 

Late  Peas  may  stUl  be  sown,  but  after  the  first 
week  in  June  we  generally  use  early  sorts  as  being 
more  dependable  in  filling  their  pods  during  the 
autumn  months. 

Lettuces.— Sow  Cos  varieties  for  succession, 
utilising  the  tops  of  Celery  ridges  for  this  purpose. 

Digging. — .As  Broccoli  crops  are  finished  the 
ground  should  be  cleared  at  once  and  prepared  for 
such  crops  as  Leeks,  late  sowings  of  'Tumips  and 
Kidney  Beans. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Figs. — These  should  be  thinned  early  where  tney 
are  showing  heavy  crops.  Pinch  the  growths  with 
the  exception  of  the  leaders  and  see  that  the  trees 
are  well  supplied  with  water.  A  goodly  mulching 
of  farmyard  material  should  be  given  now. 

Young  Vines  will  be  growing  freely  now,  so 
strict  attention  should  be  given  them  to  ensure 
that  sturdy,  well-budded  rods  may  be  had.  As 
the  root-spread  wiU  be  near  the  surface  of  the 
border  the  Vines  must  be  well  supplied  with 
moisture,  care  being  taken  that  the  chiU  is  off  the 
water  before  being  applied.  It  is  always  advisable 
to  stop  the  young  Vines  at  intervals  so  that  the 
lower  portion  of  the  rods  develop  more  fully. 
As  the  season  advances  refrain  from  the  use  of  the 
s>Tinge,  damping  the  patLs  only,  while  front  ail 
may  be  admitted  more  freely,  thus  encouraging 
a  more  hardy  growth. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Bedding  Cut  will  now  call  for  attention,  Chry- 
santhemums, Antirrhinums,  Violas,  Pentstemons 
and  the  more  hardy  types  taking  precedence, 
while  Dahlias,  Begonias  and  HeUotrope  will  be 
kept  back  imtil  the  first  week  in  June.  Late 
bedding  material  should  be  kept  growing  as  cool 
as  possible  with  ready  cover  available  in  case_of 
frost. 

Herbaceous  Borders. — The  necessity  for  much 
staking  and  tying  wUl  now  be  apparent  in  the  hardy 
border,  and  although  other  work  will  be  at  high 
pressure,  the  need  for  doing  this  in  good  time  is 
great,  and  when  carried  out  early  much  heart- 
burning is  saved  at  a  later  date. 

Thinning  Annuals. — Beds  of  hardy  annuals 
should  be  thinned  in  good  time  so  that  the  plants 
do  not  become  spindly  and  weak.  Thin  out 
according  to  the  vigour  and  natural  spread  of  the 
particular   variety. 

Climbers. — Most  of  the  hardy  climbers  will 
be  making  rapid  growth  now,  so  should  receive 
attention  to  prevent  the  shoots  from  becoming 
entangled  or  broken.  Care  should  be  taken  when 
tying  to  see  that  the  flow  of  sap  is  not  restricted 
in  any  way. 

James  McGean 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworti,  Bart.), 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


I 
J 


May  28,   192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


273 


CORRESPONDENCE 


GETTING    TULIPA     SAXATILIS     TO 
FLOA\'ER. 

A  NOTE  on  this  Tulip  in  a  recent  issue  showed 
me  that  others  have  had  the  experience  that 
used  to  be  mine,  namely,  that,  though  the  bulbs 
increased  rapidly  in  number,  they  hardly  ever 
flowered.  It  was  tiresome  to  go  on  year  after 
year  digging  up  the  bulbs  and  searching  for  those 
offsets  that  had  run  oif  sideways  from  the  spots 
where  tlie  original  bulbs  had  been  planted,  and 
to  replant  all  the  bulbs  again  in  due  course  only 
to  get  one  or  perhaps  two  flowering  examples 
among  fifty  or  a  hundred  bulbs.  Knowing  that 
the  mountains  of  Crete  from  which  this  Tulip 
comes  must  be  hot  and  dry  in  summer,  I  put 
some  three  dozen  bulbs  into  dry  sand  when  I 
dug  them  up  last  year  and  put  them  on  top  of 
a  hot-water  cylinder,  where  they  remained  for 
two  or  three  months.  When  October  came.  I 
found  that  the  bulbs  thustrsai»^-*Bfe  still  entirely 
dormant,  but  that  tE^e  that  had  remained  in 
the  outdoor  bulb  shed  were  already  beginning 
to  make  growth.  This  difference  was  still  apparent 
after  Christmas,  for  the  shoots  of  the  bulbs  that 
had  been  heated  were  two  or  three  weeks  later 
in  appearing  above  the  surface  than  those  of  the 
other  bulbs.  And  now  for  the  result  of  the 
heating.  Twelve  bulbs  were  potted,  of  which  all 
but  one  flowered,  each  with  a  stem  that  had  two 
or  three  branches  ;  while  of  the  other  two  dozen, 
which  were  planted  outside,  some  nine  or  ten 
flowered  and  made  a  pleasing  patch  with  two  or 
three  of  the  dull  pink  and  yellow  flowers  springing 
from  each  bulb.  Of  my  unheated  bulbs  only 
two  or  three  flowered  out  of  two  or  three  hundred. 
My  object  in  potting  the  bulbs  was  to  have  the 
flowers  under  control  under  glass  and  to  endeavour 
to  obtain  seed  of  this  species.  In  this  I  have  been 
unsuccessful,  for  though  several  flowers  were 
cross-pollinated,  no  capsule  formed.  The  only 
success  was  with  the  Algerian  Tulipa  primulina. 
a  cross  which  has  produced  a  capsule,  though  it 
still  remains  to  be  seen  whether  it  will  contain 
sound  seed.  Even  if  it  does,  we  cannot  hope  to 
know  the  result  before  1927  ! — ^W.  R.  Dykes. 

THE    OAK    AND    THE    ASH. 

■pVERY  spring  the  old  rhyme  about  the  Oak 
and  the  Ash,  the  soak  or  the  splash,  is  sure 
to  appear  in  one  or  other  of  the  daily  papers.  In 
front  of  my  dining-room  window  is  a  wood  com- 
posed almost  entirely  of  Oak  and  Ash.  I  have 
watched  these  trees  carefully  for  the  last  thirty- 
two  years,  but  not  once  has  the  Ash  come  into 
leaf  before  the  Oak  ;  in  fact,  there  has  never 
been  anything  approaching  a  dead-heat.  To-day 
(May  12)  the  Oaks  are  in  almost  full  leaf,  the  Ash 
but  just  opening.  I  should  like  very  much  to 
know  if  the  latter  ever  precedes  the  former  in 
other  parts  of  the  country. — Heatley  Noble, 
Temple  Combe,  Henley-on-Thames. 

ORIGIN     OF     THE     POLYANTHUS 
PRIMROSE. 

TN  your  "  Note  of  th6  Week  "  (May  14,  page  235) 
it  is  stated  the  Polyanthus  is  a  cultivated  form 
of  the  common  Primrose  ;  but  as  the  peduncles 
of  the  Primrose  are  not  crowned  with  umbels, 
as  are  those  of  the  Polyanthus,  may  I  suggest 
that  the  latter  has  more  probably  been  educed 
from  the  Oxlip,  Primula  elatior,  in  which  the 
peduncles  bear  umbels  like  the  Polyanthus  and 
the  Cowslip  ?  'The  true,  or  Bardfield,  Oxlip  is 
abundant  in  North-West  Essex,  and  in  the  woods 
between  pebden  and  Saffron  Walden  it  quite 
supplants    tlie    common     Primrose.     The    Oxlip. 


generally  found  where  Primroses  and  Cowslips 
both  abound,  is  a  hybrid  of  those  two  plants. 
(See  an  article  by  Miller  Christy  in  Vol.  Ill  of 
the  Transactions  of  the  Essex  Field  Club.) — ■ 
M.  J.  Teesdale. 

THE  BEST  OF  THE   KURUME  AZALEAS 
(RHODODENDRON    HINODEGIRI). 

TPHIS  is  the  best  of  the  Kurume  Azaleas.  It  was 
selected  from  among  fifty  varieties  by  Mr.  E. 
H.  Wilson  from  the  collection  of  Mr.  Akashi  when 
visiting  Japan.  They  are  now  being  propagated 
in  the  Arnold  Arboretum  for  distribution,  this 
being  the  first  time  nearly  all  the  varieties  have 
been  seen  outside  Japan.  One  of  the  exceptions 
is  Hinodegiri  which  has  glowing  crimson-purple 
flowers,  and  is  the  best  known  Kurume  Azalea 
at  present  cultivated  in  Western  gardens.  When 
in  Japan  in  1918  Mr.  Wilson  collected  seeds  of  the 


is  a  bright  orange  colour  inside  its  leafy  wrapper, 
and  the  latter  has  then  turned  grey  and  withered 
looking.  If  treated  like  Tomatoes  the  Cape 
Gooseberry  will  fruit  the  first  year,  and  in  a  warm 
and  sheltered  place  would  be  worth  trying  outdoors. 
In  this  garden  it  grew  full-sized  fruit,  but  failed 
to  ripen  before  being  overtaken  by  frost.  I  have 
seen  it  fruiting  in  a  garden  in  San  Remo  as  a 
bush  only  about  2ft.  high. — Ruth  Bickersteth, 
Cottingham. 

WILD      SWISS      SHRUBBY 
CORONILLA. 

T^HIS  on  May  i  was  in  full  bloom  and  one  of 
the  most  striking  objects  in  the  rock  garden. 
It  is  about  8ft.  high,  a  wide  and  free  growing 
shrub  with  graceful  sprays  completely  covered 
with  yeUow  flowers  from  the  top  to  the  ground. 
This  plant  I  collected  as  a  seedling  a  few  inches 
high  in  a  Swiss  wood  in  May,  1914.  The  plant 
I  have  described  has  a  very  warm  and  sheltered 


THE    GLOWING    CRIMSON    PURPLE    KURUME    AZALEA. 


wild  Kurumes  on  Nishi-Kirishima.  Some  of  the 
seedlings  raised  from  this  seedling  are  now  flowering 
in  British  gardens.  They  are  interesting  as  the 
wild  tj^pes,  but  it  is  the  named  varieties  among 
which  the  Japanese  hybridist  has  spent  years  of 
labour  which  we  are  anxious  to  see  in  flower. — 
A.   O. 

THE    CAPE    GOOSEBERRY. 

A  PLANT  of  this  (Physalis  edulis),  grown  from 
seed  three  or  four  years  ago,  now  spreads 
ovei:  a  square  loft,  on  the  back  wall  of  a  Peach- 
house  and  grows  and  fruits  freely  all  the  year 
round.  The  chief  crop  is,  of  course,  in  tlie  summer, 
but  during  the  past  .■\pril  I  have  collected  over  a 
pound  of  fruit.  The  house  is  very  cool  and  was 
at  least  slightly  frosted  during  the  winter,  but  the 
plant  does  not  seem  to  have  suffered.  The  fruit 
makes  most  excellent  jam — really  one  of  the 
best — and  this  is  its  chief  use  ;  but  it  may  be  eaten 
stewed  or  raw  when  quite  ripe.y^The    ripe   fruit 


position  in  an  angle  of  walls  facing  south  and  west 
but  it  sows  itself  freely,  and  some  home-grown 
seedlings  planted  in  much  less  favourable  places 
are  also  doing  well.  It  can  be  grown  under  trees 
(though  not,  perhaps,  to  perfection),  but  it  is 
naturally  a  woodland  plant.  The  young  plants 
flower  at  a  very  early  age,  and  it  is  altogether 
such  a  satisfactory  little  shrub  that  it  is  a  wonder 
it  is  not  more  often  seen  in  our  British  gardens — 
R.  B.,   Yorkshire. 

FLO^\'ERS    OF    LONICERA    THTBETICA. 

TV/TR.  CLARENCE  ELLIOTT  will,  I  think,  be 
disappointed  with  Lonicera  thibetica  (see 
page  225).  If  its  flowers  are  larger  than  Lonicera 
syringantha,  then  those  of  the  latter  will  require 
looking  for.  I  have  flowered  the  former  the 
last  two  years  and  have  been  somewhat  dis- 
appointed with  it.  It  is  a  leggy  grower  and 
flowers  sparsely.  No  one  going  round  my  garden 
has  ever  remarked  upon  its  beauty,  and  I  have 


274 


THE    GARDEN. 


[May  28,  1921. 


always  had  to  call  visitors'  attention  to  it,  as  it 
is  so  inconspicuous.  Granted,  the  scent  is 
delicious,  but  the  drawback  is  that  there  is  so  little 
of  it.  In  my  opinion  L.  thibetica  is  not  worth 
growing  in  a  small  or  medium  sized  garden.  It 
is  a  subject  for  those  who  grow  out-of-the-way 
plants  and  who  have  acres  at  their  command. 
I  do  not  know  where  Mr.  Farrer  wrote  "  with 
the  bitterest  gall  of  his  pen  "  about  Campanula 
pusilla  Miss  Willmott,  but  if  he  followed  on  with 
praise  of  Campanula  Miranda  he  was  fully  justified 
in  disparaging  the  former,  although  comparisons 
are  odious.  The  former  is  simply  "  not  in  it  " 
with  the  latter,  which  is  the  most  dainty  and 
graceful  dwarf  Campanula  I  have  ever  seen. 
This  little  gem  is  a  monument  to  the  memory  of 
Reginald  Farrer,  who  introduced  it  first  at  the 
show  which  was  held  at  Olympia  some  ten  years 
or  so  ago.  Mr.  Farrer  most  generously  gave 
another  friend  of  his  and  myself  a  plant  each  of 
this  little  beauty  on  our  promising  not  to  part  with 
it.  a  promise  we  faithfully  kept. — Devoniensis. 


BOOKS 

The  English  Flower  Garden.* — .-Vs  the  years 
pass  and  we  see  more  and  more  the  value  of  our 
best  hardy  flowers,  so  do  those  of  us  who  remember 
the  ways  of  fifty  years  ago,  when  the  old  pernicious 
bedding  system  was  the  only  approved  way  of 
gardening,  become  ever  more  conscious  of  the  debt 
of  gratitude  we  owe  to  Mr.  Robinson,  to  whom 
above  all  we  are  indebted  for  our  deliverance 
from  its  tyrannical  bondage,  and  for  his  long 
labours  in  showing  us  the  better  way.  It  is  to 
the  honour  of  The  Garden,  founded,  and  until 
late  years  edited  by  him,  that  this  wholesome 
teaching  was,  in  its  earlier  pages,  given  to  the 
world,  to  be  followed,  towards  the  close  of  the  year 
1883,  by  the  first  edition  of  "  The  English  Flower 
Garden."  From  time  to  time  fresh  editions  of 
this,  the  best  and  fullest  of  all  gardening  books, 
have  appeared.  This  thirteenth  edition — there 
have  been  many  intermediate  reprints — embodies, 
with  a  good  deal  of  revised  and  additional  matter, 
the  knowledge  and  experience  of  a  long  life  of 
constant  labour  and  observation,  both  in  the 
chapters  which  form  the  first  part  of  the  book — 
chapters  which  may  be  taken  as  a  complete 
exposition  of  the  best  ways  of  gardening  in  every 
branch  of  the  subject  and  in  the  alphabetical 
arrangement  that  follows,  with  descriptive  and 
cultural  notes,  of  all  the  best  hardy  flowers  and 
shrubs.  It  is  a  rare  pleasure  in  these  days  of  cheap 
process  illustration  to  handle  a  book  that  is 
illustrated  throughout — -and  that  copiously — 
with  admirable  wood  engravings  such  as  appear 
on  the  greater  number  of  pages  ;  some  of  them 
of  quite  surprising  excellence.  There  could  be  no 
better  plant  portrait  than  that  of  Winter  Sweet  on 
page  163  and  no  better  presentment,  either  of 
technical  excellence  or  of  close  fidelity  to  texture 
and  character,  than  the  picture  of  a  twig  of  Bay 
(page  195)  perhaps  the  loveliest  form  of  all  living 
foliage. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 

May  27. — Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institu- 
tion Festival  Dinner. 

May  31. — Bath  and  West  and  Southern  Counties 
Society's  Annual  Exhibition  (five  days). 

June  6. — Nottingham  and  Notts  Chrysanthemum 
Society's  Meeting. 


•  "  The  English  Flower  Garden,"  by  William  Robinson. 
London,  John  Murray,  price  30s.  net. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— TAe  Editor  endeavmirs 
to  make  The  Gardkn  helpful  to  all  readers  ivho  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  he, 
and  with  that  object  maket,  a  special  feature  of  the  "A^iswers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  cojnmunications  should  be 
clearhj  and  concisely  ivritten  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.I.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  u^ed  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  he  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-u'ool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  where  posftible,  shotild  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  s/iould  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

ALTERNATIVES    TO    GERANIUMS    (R.    C.    W.,    New 

Eltham). — We  ugree  tliat,  in  the  even  slightly  shady 
position  and  on  a  heavy  soil,  Nasturtiums  would  produce 
an  excess  of  foliage  at  the  expense  of  flowers.  By  the 
time  the  Wallflowers  have  finished  flowering  it  would  be 
rather  too  late  to  transplant  Coreopsis  with  hopes  of  full 
success.  The  Antirrhinums  should  do  very  well  in  the 
situation  described,  but  we  fear  the  soil,  unless  prepared 
well,  would  be  too  heav>'  for  Begonias,  though  these  are 
excellent  plants  for  summer  display.  We  would  recommend 
Pentstemons  (particularly  such  as  Sutton's  Large- Flower- 
ing) and  Phlox  Drummondii  for  future  trial.  The  seeds  of 
the  latter  should  be  sown  in  moderate  heat  during  February 
or  March  and  the  seedlings  will  flower  well  from  June 
onwards. 


TREES    AND     SHRUBS. 

VIBURNUMS  (Fclsted).— The  species  of  Viburnum 
mentioned  by  our  correspondent,  viz..  dilatura.  Henni, 
prunifolium.  macrocephalum  and  Lentago  are  all  worthy 
of  cultivation  The  two  best  are  V.  macrocephalum  and 
v.  Henryi. 

CEANOTHUS  (Felsted).— Ceanothus  Indigo  and  C. 
Georges  Simon  belong  U>  the  same  section  of  hybrid  late 
summer  and  autumn  flowering  Ceanothus  and  Gloire  de 
Versailles,  and  are  almost  equally  valuable.  Veitchil  or 
Veitchiana  is  a  species  flowering  ia  spring,  a  very  valuable 
shrub  in  its  season,  but  the  flowering  season  is  not  so 
extended  as  that  of  the  hybrids. 

SHRUBS  FAILING  TO  FRUIT  (Lysken,  East  Yorks).— 
The  red-berried  Elder,  Sambucus  racemosa,  is  only 
occasionally  seen  in  perfection  bearing  its  attractive 
fnuts  in  this  country.  It  fruits  freely  in  France  and 
Switzerland.  In  England  apparently  the  ideal  conditions 
required  to  develop  the  fruits  are  not  often  present. 
Experts  seem  uncertain  as  to  the  particular  requirements 
necessary  ;  one  essential  is  a  moist  root-run.  Why  the 
common  Barberry  does  not  fruit  is  certainly  difficult  to 
understand,  as  this  is  usually  one  of  the  easiest  fruiting 
shrubs  to  manage.  Perhaps  tlie  soil  is  too  rich,  as  bushes 
undoubtediv  fruit  the  freest  in  poor  soil.  The  Strawberry 
Raspberry,  Rubus  ilUcibrosus.  is  another  uncertain  fruiting 
shrub.  We  have  found  this  thrive  best  in  the  vegetable 
garden  where  the  soil  is  very  freely  cultivated.  The  roots 
may  be  lifted  and  replanted  about  every  third  year  as 
with  a  Strawberry  bed. 

KITCHEN    GARDEN. 

SHALLOTS  UNSATISFACTORY  (A.  V..  Sevenoaks}.— 
The  Shallots  sent  do  not  appear  to  be  sufferuig  from  any 
attack  but  drought  may  be  causing  them  to  flag  somewhat. 
Your  soil  is  probably  in  need  of  lime,  which  can  be  applied 
now  in  the  form  of  powdered  chalk  or  in  autumn  as  quick- 
lime. The  latter  should  be  used  where  club-root  is 
prevalent. 

FRUIT     UNDER     GLASS. 

-  STONE  SPLITTING  OF  THE  PEACH  (S.,  Whalley).— 
The  cause  of  this  has  never  been  satisfactorily  cleared  up. 
Some  authorities  say  it  is  caused  by  the  larvae  of  a  beetle 
(Authonomus  druparum)  which  feeds  on  the  kernel  of  the 
stone.  This  does  not  usually  greatly  check  the  growth  of 
the  fruit.  It  is  singular  that  the  disease  rarely  or  ever 
attacks  midsummer  ripening  varieties,  but  always  the  larger 
and  later  ripening  varieties  and  sometimes  the  extra 
early  varieties  as  well.  We  do  not  think  that  hard  forcing 
is  in  any  way  responsible  for  the  trouble.  The  best  pre- 
ventive we  have  found  to  be  is  to  lift  the  trees  and  replant 
in  best  Peach  soil.  This  infuses  greater  life  and  strength 
into  the  trees  and  so  invests  them  with  greater  power  to 
resist  diseases  of  all  kinds.  Be  careful  to  hand  fertilise 
the  blossom  and  to  see  to  it  that  the  fruit  is  perfectly 
set.     This  precaution  Is  very  necessary. 


FRUIT    GARDEN. 

PEARS      ATTACKED      AND      OTHER      QUESTIONS 

("  Scot."J — Tlie  Pears  are  attacked  by  the  Pear  leaf  blister 
mite  (Eriophyes  pyri).  The  best  method  of  dealing  with 
this  is  to  spray  in  November  with  caustic  soda,  lime 
sulphur  wash.  The  mites  hibernating  between  the  scales 
may  then  be  killed.  The  poisonous  properties  of  Cupressus 
Lawsoniana  are  in  doubt,  but  it  would  probably  have  a 
very  irritating  effect  if  eaten  by  sheep  or  cattle.  " 

BLACK  FLIES  AND  BEETLES  ON  APPLE  TREES 
(G.  U.  R.,  Surrey). — The  flies  in  the  Apple  flowers  are 
harmless.  They  probably  belong  to  the  genus  Bibis,  and 
doubtless  help  to  some  extent  in  carrying  polJea  from 


flower  to  flower,  although  they  cannot  be  very  active  ia 
this.  The  beetles  are  in  all  probability  Phyllobius  oblongus, 
a  leaf-eating  weevil.  If  very  numerous  the  best  plan  will 
be  to  shake  the  tree  over  some  receptacle  so  as  to  dislodge 
them  and  kill  them  by  immersion  in  paraffin  oil  or  boiling 
water. 

HEADING  BACK  OLD  APPLE  AND  PEACH  TREES 
(Felsted). — Towards  the  end  of  December  is,  we  think, 
the  best  time  to  do  this.  The  trees  are  then  absolutely 
dormant. 

PLUM  TREE  ATTACKED  (A.  K..  KenUworth).— The 
shoot  of  Coe's  Golden  Drop  is  attacked  by  silver-leaf 
All  parts  showing  brown  m  the  stem  should  be  cut  out 
and  bunied,  and  the  wounds  painted  over  to  prevent  fresh 
infection. 

PLUMS  UNSATISFACTORY  (J.  H.  D.,  Lanes).— The 
Plums  have  in  part  been  damaged  by  some  insect,  probably 
a  caterpillar,  and  are  in  parti  dropping  through  imperfect 
fertilisation.  Cross- pollination  is  desirable  in  all  the 
varieties  mentioned  by  our  correspondent,  viz.,  Coe's 
Golden  Drop,  Kirk's  Blue  and  Transparent  Gage,  and, 
in  fact,  it  is  absolutely  necessary  with  Coe's  Golden  Drop. 

GOOSEBERRIES  AND  CURRANTS  ATTACKED 
(D.  S.,  Barking). — The  Gooseberries  and  Currants  are 
probably  attacked  by  the  Gooseberry  sawfly,  for  which 
there  is  nothing  better  than  hand  picking.  If  our  corre- 
spondent has  not  time  to  do  this  then  dust  with  Hellebore 
powder  while  the  dew  is  on  the  bushes.  A  second  brood 
may  be  expected  this  summer  during  June,  probably, 
and  watch  should  be  kept  for  the  eggs  along  the  midribs 
of  the  leaf  or  the  broods  of  quite  young  caterpillars  on  the 
leaves  so  as  to  pick  them  off  inmiediately  they  occur  and 
destroy  them. 

CUTTING  OFF  LARGE  BOUGHS  FROM  APPLE 
TREES  (M.  E.  H.,  Glos.).— Dead  or  dying  branches 
of  old  Apple  trees  may  be  cut  off  with  benefit  to  the 
trees,  but  the  operation  should  take  place  in  winter. 
The  large  branches  when  cut  off  from  our  correspondent's 
tree  were  bearing  fruit  and  presumably  in  good  health 
and  vigour.  As  Apple  trees  In  good  health  always  suffer 
more  or  less  from  severe  lopping  of  their  limbs,  even 
if  this  is  carried  out  in  winter.  It  should  never  be  resorted 
to  if  it  can  be  possibly  avoided,  certainly  not  in  summer. 
It  is  ^'.Mivrnlly  sufficient  to  cut  out  the  annual  side  shoots 
growing  <nit  of  the  main  branches  in  order  to  admit  all 
jio-jsiblf  light,  air  and  sunshine  among  the  frultmg  shoots. 
Trees,  like  animals,  are  keenly  sensitive  to  what  may  be 
termed  unkind  treatment,  and  resent  the  same  in  the 
only  way  open  to  them  by  refusing  to  give  of  their  best 
afterwards,  at  least  for  a  time.  They  are  just  as  sensitive 
to  kind  treatment,  and  will  show  their  gratitude  as 
readily.  The  best  way  to  bring  the  tree  back  to  good 
humour  and  fertUity  will  be  by  giving  the  ground  over 
its  roots  a  top-dressing  of  well  rotted  farm  or  stable 
manure  to  the  depth  of  4 ins.,  pressing  it  down  fairly 
firm. 

FRUIT  TREES  TO  PLANT  IN  SHEFFIELD  (Jatear, 
Sheffield). — There  are  few  districts  where  the  successful 
growth  of  outdoor  fruit  is  subject  to  greater  difficulties 
owing  to  adverse  weather  conditions  than  is  Sheffield,  and 
the  nearer  the  town  happens  to  be  the  greater  is  the 
handicap  by  reason  of  the  smoky  atmosphere.  Plant 
the  following  where  spaces  are  available  on  the  walls : 
South  aspect. — Williams's  Bon  Chretien,  Louise  Bonne 
of  Jersey,  Beurr^  Hardy  and  Doyenn6  du  Comice  Pears. 
West  aspect. — Utility  (red)  and  Jefferson's  Gage  (golden 
yellow)  Plums.  East  aspect.  —  Victoria.  President, 
Conference  and  Vicar  of  Winkfield  Plums.  North  aspect. 
— Morello  and  the  following  Cherries  :  Bedford  Prolific 
(dark  crimson).  Black  Heart  and  Kentisli  Bigarreau. 
For  plantuig  in  the  open  quarters  our  correspondent 
cannot  do  better  than  plant  some  of  the  hardier  Apples, 
such  as  Devonshire  Quarrenden,  Irish  Peach  (early), 
Worcester  Pearraain,  Gascoyne'a  Scarlet,  Allington 
Pippin  and  Baruack  Beauty.  The  above  are  dessert. 
Of  cooking  Apples  the  following  are  among  tlie  hardiest : 
EckluiviUe.  Golden  Spire,  Stirling  Castle,  Ellison's  Orange, 
Mrs.  Phillimore,  Tower  of  Glamis,  Lane's  Prince  Albert, 
M6re  du  Menage,  Bramley's  Seedling  and  Newton  Wonder. 
Of  Pear  trees  try  Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  FertiUty, 
Hessle  and  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey.  Of  Plums  try  a 
tree  or  two  of  the  following  :  Belle  de  Louvain  (purple), 
culinary  ;  Comte  d'Althan's  Gage  (red)  and  Green  Gage. 
Bush  trees,  such  as  Red,  White  and  Black  Currants, 
would  succeed  well,  as  would  also  Gooseberries,  Rasp- 
berries and  Loganberries.  The  two  latter  succeed  well 
on  borders  at  the  foot  of  north  walls.  Our  correspondent's 
soil  with  only  lOins.  of  loam  on  the  top  of  yellow  clay  is 
not  of  the  best  for  the  growth  of  fruit  trees.  It  should 
be  well  drained,  deeply  trenched,  moderately  well  manured 
and  liberally  limed  before  planting  takes  place.  Be 
careful  not  to  plant  too  deep. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

WEED  IN  LILY  PONDS  (H.  C,  Hythe).— The  specimen 
weed  sent  for  examination  is  not  the  intolerable  American 
Weed.  The  presence  of  fish  in  the  jionds  complicates 
matters,  as  It  Is  just  possible  they  may  be  injured  by  the 
copper  sulphate.  To  entirely  rid  the  ponds  of  the  weed 
is  a  difficult  matter.  If  our  correspondent  could  introduce 
a  few  of  the  ornamental  waterfowl,  these  would  do  a  deal 
towards  keeping  it  down.  It  is  said  tliat  eels  are  also 
effective  in  this  direction,  but  we  have  no  personal  experi- 
ence on  this  point.  Weighted  flsh  nets  (garden  netting 
would  answer  well)  drawn  across  the  ponds  during  the 
spring  and  early  summer  would  remove  a  great  deal  of 
the  weed ;  later  the  problem  solves  itself.  Copper 
sulphate  at  the  strength  of  lib.  to  10,000  cubic  feet  of 
water  would  not  harm  the  Nymphteas. 

NAMES    OF    PLANTS.— H.    B.    W.,    Italy.— Anagyris 

fffitida.     It  has  no  English  name. A.  B..  Wanstead. — 

Cratcego-mespilis    grandlfiora. C.     M..    Leamington. — 

1,  Pavia  flava ;  2,  Probably  Artemisia  arborescens ; 
3,  Thermopsis  montana ;  4,  HemerocalUs  sp.  ;  5,  Spiriea 
sp.  ;  6,  Please  send  when  in  flower  ;  7,  Photinla  serrulata ; 
8,fLychnis  coronaria,  The  box  was  Smashed  on  arrival 
and  the  flies  had  escaped. 


^Iay  28,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


XI. 


THE      SYCAMORE      WORKS      COMPANY 


SKETCH  VIEW  ofZO^^IO  nouSC 


SIZES. 


Xo.  I 
No.  2 

No.  3 
No.  4 


Length. 
10  ft. 
15  ft. 
15  ft. 
20  ft. 


Width. 

8  ft. 

8  ft. 
10  ft. 
10  ft. 


Roof  Vent. 
Sashes. 

1  ft.  5  in.  long 

2  ft.  Oin.  „ 
2  ft.  Gin.  „ 
4  ft.  0  in.     ,, 


Side  Vent. 
Sashes. 

2  ft.  5  in.  long 

4  ft.  0  in.     ,, 

4  ft.  0  in.      ,, 

4  ft.  0  in.     ,, 


Height. 
Eaves.  Ridge. 

5  ft.  8  ft.  0  in. 

5  ft.  8  ft.  0  in. 

5  ft.  8  ft.  Bin. 

5  it.  8  ft.  9  in. 


Standard  Small  Greenhouses 


£r-i-^^f  A  small  good  house  to   meet  a  long-felt  want. 


Designed  for  confined  sites  or  the  discriminating 
amateur  who  wants  a  permanent  house  embodying 
the  constructional  advantages  of  a  proper  estate 
Greenhouse. 

The  special  advantages  are: — Zinc  putty- 
leSS  glazing  to  roofi  no  condensation 
drip  or  perished  putties,  easy  replacement  of 
broken  glass,  protection  of  wood  constructional 
members,  even  ventilation,  no  obscuring  of  light 
by  rafters.     Distinctive  appearance. 


Sound  Materials 


£45 
£60 
£73 
£90 


PRICES  are  erected  complete  anJ  inclusive  of  stages.      Timber  tenants'  fixture  bases 
quoted  for  if  required.        Bases  are  not  included. 

Heating  Installations  for  same  quoted  for  on  application. 

Houses    are    painted    four   c-iats    wTiile    le\d    and    glazed    with    best    ENGLISH    sheet    glass, 
2 1  oz.   to    roof    and    1 5  oz.    to   sides. 


WIMBLEDON,  S.W.19 


'Phone  : 
IVimhledon  1282 


Ample  Strength 
Long  Life 


v.x':      — scaiofN  _ 


S-te-jw; 


HAY  WARD 


WARD'S        p 


WEEDKILLER 


Ppompt    Supply. 

^  This  Powder  is  far  the  safest  and  most  satisfactory.  Mixes  readily,  no  sediment 
Each  tin  is  a  measure.  No  leakage,  no  returns.  If  your  agent  does  not  stock, 
write  to  us  and  we  will  see  that  you  get  supplied  at  once. 

TOMLINSON  &.  HAYWARD,  LTD.,  LINCOLN. 


DAVID    SWAIN    &    CO 


HOTHOUSE      BUILDERS. 

PLANT  HOUSES, 
FRUIT   HOUSES, 
BUNGALOWS, 

GARAGES,  &c. 

High-class   Work  at   Moderate   Charges. 

HEATING   APPARATUS    OVERHAULED. 
GARDEN  FRAMES. 


See  Exhibit  Chelsea  Shou;  Stand  77.  7S.  79 

101,  Sussex  Road,Holloway, 

'  LONDON,     N.7.  e 

Phone        -        -       2807    North    I 


xii. 

THE     GARDEN. 

[May  28,  1921. 

NEW    AND    RARE    SHRUBS 

(CONSULT      THIS      LIST      BEFORE       PLANTING.) 

"A  few  uncommon  shrubs  that  are  worth  a  place  in  every  garden."      They  are  just  a  little  more 

expensive  than  the  more  common  shrubs,  but  what  a  pleasure  they  are  to  a  lover  of  plants.    Why  not  have 

something  unlike  what  you  see  in 

every  garden  around  you— something  that  will  make  your  gardening      | 

friends  halt  and  admire;  they  are 

not  interested  in  what  they  can  see 

in  every  garden  they  pass  by.     We      1 

feel  sure  any  half-dozen  from  the  following  list  would  be  an  asset  to  your  shrubbery.                                            | 

Acer  Palmata  atropurpurea  4ft.,  ea.      7/6 

Griselinia  littoralis  variegata     . .           . .      2/6 

Osmanthus  ilicifolius  argentea  variegata     2  /6 

Berberis  acuminata         .  .           .  .           .  .      5  /- 

Guevina  Avellana                    ..     7/6  to  42/- 

Ozothamnus  rosmarinifolius      . .           . .        — 

Berberis  aggregata  Prattii..      3/6  to  7/6 

Hydrangea  in  the  best  varieties,  wliite, 

Pseonia  lutea        1  /6  to  2  /6 

Berberis  Gagnepainii      .  .           .  .       2/6  to  5/- 

pink  and  blue           .  .         each  1  /-  to  2/6 

Philadelphus  Bouquet  Blanc     . .           . .      2/6 

Berberis  heteropoda       . .           net  3/6  to  7/6 

Hypericum  oblongif olium          .  .          .  .      2/6 

Philadelphus  Dame  Blanc         ..          ..      2/6 

Berberis  Stapfiana          ..          ..      2/6  to  3/6 

Hj'pericum  patulum  Henr\  i      ..           ..      2/6 

Philadelphus  virginale    .  .           . .           . .      2/6 

Berberis  subcaulialata    ..          ..      3/6  to  5/- 

Ilex  Fortimei 5/- to  7/6 

Pittosporum  Mayi           ..           ..       3/6  to  7/6 

Berberis  verruculosa       ..          ..      3/6  to  5/- 

Ilex  Pernyi           3  /6  to  7  /6 

Pittosporum  Mayi  Silver  Queen     3/6  to  15/- 

Berberis  Wilsonse             .  .           .  .       1  /6  to  5  /- 

Itea  virginica       ..           ..           ..       3/6  to  5/- 

Pittosporum  nigrescens              ..     2/6tol0/- 

Berberis  Wilsonse  erecta             ..       3/6  to  5/- 

Laurestinus  lucida           ..           ..       2/6  to  5/- 

Pittosporum  Ralphii      ..          ..          ..      3/6 

Cytisus  ochroleLica          .  .           .  .           .  .        — 

Laurestinus  purpurea     .  .           .  .           .  .       2/6 

Pittosporum  Tobira  variegata  . .       2  /6  to  7  /6 

Davidia  involucrata    ..                               7/6 

Leptospermum       scoparium 

Plagianthus  Lyallii  glabrata      2/6  to  7/6 

Desfontainea  spinosa. .          ..    2/6  to  42/- 

Chapmanii             ..          ..        3/6  to  7/6 

Potentilla  Veitchii           2/6 

Deutzia  longif  olia            . .           .  .           .  .      2/6 

Leptospermum  scoparium  Nichollii  3/6  to  7/6 

Rhododendron  hybrids  in  best  varieties. 

Deutzia  Pride  of  Kochester       .  .          . .      2/6 

Ligustrtim  Henrj'i           ..           ..           ..      2/6 

Rubus  deliriosus.  .           ..           ..           ..       2/6 

Deutzia  Veitchii              ..          ..      2/6  to  3/6 

Ligiistnun  lucidum  tricolor       .  .           .  .      3/6 

Ruscus  racemosus           . .          .  .          .  .      2/6 

Embothrium  coccineiim              ..    2/6tol5/- 

Lomatia  pinnatifolia..          ..     5/- to  25/- 

Sarcococca  ruscifolia       ..           ..           ..       2/6 

Enkianthus  cernuus,  seedlings     3/6  to  7/6 

Lonicera  nitida    ..           ..           ..       2/6  to  5/- 

Spiraja  Henryi 2/6  to  7/6 

Escallonia  cdinensis        ..           ..           ..      2/6 

Lonicera  pileata  .  .           .  .           .  .      2/6  to  5/- 

Stranvsesia  undulata       .  .           .  .       2/6  to  5/- 

Escallonia  Donard  Seedling.  .                  3/6 

Magnolias  in  variety,  price  and  size 

Styrax  japonica                        ..     3/6  to  10/6 

Escallonia  langleyensis  ..           ..           ..      2/6 

on  application. 

Tricuspidaria  lanceolata             3/6  to  25/- 

Escallonia  Philippiana    .  .           .  .           .  .      2/6 

Olearia  chathamica         ..           ..  10/6  to  30/- 

Veronica  Crimson  King               ..           ..      2/6 

Eucryphia  pinnatifolia                 3/6  to  42/- 

Olearia  ilicif  olia 2/6  to  10/6 

Veronica  Gaunt] ettii       ..           ..           ..      2/6 

Eucryphia  pinnatifolia  fl.-pl.   10/6  to  £5  5/- 

Olearia  macrodonta  minor        ..          ..      3/6 

Veronica  La  Favourite  ..           ..           ..      2/6 

Eucryphia  cordif  oUa       .  .           .  .     7  /6  to  42  /- 

Olearia  nitida       ..           ..           ..           ..       2/6 

Viburnum  Carlesil                  ..     3/6  to  10/6 

Forsy thia  suspensa          .  .           .  .           .  .      2/6 

Olearia  semi-dentata             ..     5/-tol5/- 

Viburnum  Harryanum  .  .           .  .           . .      3/6 

Forsythia  viridissima      .  .           .  .           . .      2/6 

Olearia  Stellulata             2/6 

Viburnum  rhytidophy Hum         ..       2/6  to  5/- 

Forsy  thia  vitellina           .  .           .  .           .  .      2/6 

Osmanthus  Delavayi      ..           ..       5/- to  7/6 

ViburnumutUe 2/6  to  7/6 

COMPLETE       CATALOGUE      POST      FREE      ON 

APPLICATION. 

DONARD     NURSI 

ERY     CO.,     Newcastle,     co.     DOWN. 

EerS^Seathe^ 


FOR 

THE  GARDEN! 

FOR  BEDS! 

FOR  EXHIBITION! 

FOR   EVERYWHERE! 

Also  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Why  not  inquire  for  Autumn  delivery  ? 


t-f 


H.  MERRYWEATHER  &  SONS,  Ltd. 

GARDEN  SPECIALISTS, 
SOUTHAVELL,    NOTTS. 


T/fe  NATIONAL  FLOWER 


May  28,  1921.] 

CLOTHING     A 

PERGOLA 

A  Novel  and  Ornamental  Use 
of  Gourds 

C  season,  wishing  to  furnish  a  rougli 
wood  pergola  quickly  with  something 
unusual  that  would  at  least  give  bold 
foliage  effects,  I  experimented  afresh 
with  a  collection  of  ornamental  Gourds. 
I  had  previously  grown  these,  and  found  that 
they  luxuriated  under  similar  conditions  to  the 
Vegetable  Marrows  themselves,  a  variety  of 
Gourd,  but  instead  of  allowing  them  to  ramble 
over  the  ground,  I  tied  them  upright  to  the 
supports.  Really  astordshing  effects  can  be 
produced  with  a  minimum  of  trouble,  for  they 
grow  rapidly  and  only  demand  one  thing,  rich 
well  prepared  ground  and  an  average  season  with 
plenty  of  water  during  dry  spells.  Take  out  the 
soil  at  the  base  of  each  support  to  a  depth  of  at 
least  a  couple  of  spits  and  break  up  the  subsoil 
below  this,  fork  in  a  layer  of  manure  and  return 
some  of  the  soil,  then  more  manure  and  soil  until 
the  hole  is  refilled.  Do  not  leave  the  manure  in 
layers,  mix  it  well  with  the  soil,  and  do  not  fill 
the  hole  so  full  that  a  mound  is  left  higher  than 
the  surrounding  level.  Rather  the  reverse  is 
best,  so  that  as  the  soil  settles  it  will  sink  slightly, 
leaving  a  small  depression,  as  this  can  be  filled 
with  water  during  dry  times,  and  thus  it  will 
all  reach  the  roots  instead  of  spreading  over  the 
surrounding  soil. 

Seeds  should  be  sown  at  once  in  a 
moderately  heated  greenhouse,  using  a  light  rich 
soil  to  which  about  one-third  its  bulk  of  sharp 
sand  has  been  added.  Quick  drainage  is  essential, 
or  the  seeds  are  very  apt  to  decay  if  the  soil  is 
overwatered.  Stand  the  pots  directly  over  the 
hot-water  pipes,  and  do  not  water  until  the  surface 
commences  to  dry,  then  moderately,  and  no  more 
imtil  again  drying.  Seeds  vary  very  considerably 
in  size,  but  should  be  covered  with  an  average 
depth  of  three  times  their  own  size  with  soil. 
Too  shallow  sowing  means  that  they  push  through 
the  top  with  the  seed  case  firmly  attached  to  the 
leaves,  and  if  these  are  unable  to  free  themselves 
from  this  the  plant  sometimes  strangles  itself. 
Growth  is  rapid,  and  the  stems  soon  commence 
to  elongate  and  throw  out  tendrils  seeking  support, 
so  that  a  long,  thin  stake  must  be  inserted  for 
them.  Root  action  is  correspondingly  vigorous, 
and  they  will  soon  need  a  shift  into  a  larger- 
sized  pot,  repeating  this  again  later  if  re- 
quired. 

While  they  love  brisk  warmth,  they  must  not 
be  coddled.  Plenty  of  air  should  be  given  on  all 
favourable  days,  as  well  as  plenty  of  water. 
Gourds  are  extremely  susceptible  to  cold,  and 
m<ist  not  on  any  account  be  planted  outside  too 
early,  or  the  whole  of  the  previous  work  may  be 
lost  in  one  night.  Preparatory  to  planting  out 
very  careful  and. thorough  hardening  ofi  must  be 
done,  so  that  they  feel  the  change  as  little  as 
possible.  The  end  of  June  is  soon  enough  to 
plant  outside.  Tie  them  lightly  but  securely  to 
the  supports.  A  position  that  enjoys  the  fullest 
sunshine  but  at  the  same  time  is  protected  from 
wind  is  the  best. 

A  good  collection  of  varieties  affords  a  truly 
wonderful  spectacle  in  late  summer  and  autumn, 
when  their  vari-coloured  and  shaped  fruits  depend 
from  the  vines  in  profusion.  The  Warted  Gourd, 
Orange,  Bishop's  Mitre,  Striped,  Bottle,  Hedgehog 
and  Teasle  are  but   a  few   of   the   many  familiar 


THE  GARDEN. 

objects    mimicked  by   these   remarkable    plants 

that   are    certainly  far    less    grown    than    they 

deserve  to  be.  H.  W.  Canning  Wright. 


XIU. 


How    to    Obtain   the  Best 

Results  from  Wallflowers 

Now   is   the    Time   to 
Sow 

E.\RLY  sowing  is  essential.  The  chief 
failure  with  Wallflowers  is  late  sowing,  and 
1  would  impress  on  all  who  intend  to  grow 
these  charming  spring  flowers  to  get  seeds 
at  once.  Last  year  our  seeds  were  sown 
at  the  end  of  May  and  the  first  week  in  June 
Select  an  open  piece  of  ground,  not  necessarily 
rich,  but,  on  the  other  hand,  do  not  choose  a 
portion  that  is  poor  and  which  has  not  seen  any 
manure  for  years.  Sow  the  seeds  thinly  in  drills 
ift.  apart,  and  if  the  soil  is  dry  give  the  lines  a 
thorough  soaldng  a  couple  of  days  in  advance 
and  again  just  before  the  seeds  are  sown.  Directly 
they  are  through  the  soil  get  the  hoe  to  work  and 
then  progress  will  be  rapid. 

Transplant  Early.— .Another  important  factor 
in  the  successful  culture  of  the  Wallflower  is 
transplanting  the  seedlings  before  they  become 
drawn  and  leggy.  Directly  they  are  sins,  high 
they  should  be  set  out  in  lines  ift.  apart  and  the 
same  distance  between  each  plant.  We  usually 
select  a  spot  recently  occupied  by  early  Potatoes ; 
all  the  soil  needs  is  a  light  forking  over  and  treading 
fairly  firm.  Make  the  plants  secure  and  give  a 
good  watering,  when  no  more  will  be  needed  if  we 
get  an  occasional  shower  of  rain.  During  the 
summer  keep  them  free  of  weeds  and  the  hoe  should 
be  used  frequently  between  the  plants.  When 
they  get  established  pinch  out  the  centres  to  make 
them  bushy,  and  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that 
no  more  pinching  will  be  needed. 

In  the  autumn  when  the  beds  and  borders  are 
cleared  of  their  summer  occupants  nice  strong 
Wallflower  plants  will  be  ready  to  take  their  place, 
and  if  lifted  carefully  with  a  good  ball  of  soil  they 
will  hardly  feel  the  change  and  the  beds  will  be 
filled  with  healthy  examples  which  will  be  pleasing 
to  the  eye  throughout  the  winter.  The  Wall- 
flower is  everybody's  plant;  it  is  quite  hardy; 
no  heat  or  greenhouse  is  needed  ;  it  will  grow  in  any 
garden,  and,  moreover,  the  seeds  of  the  best 
varieties  are  cheap.  What  other  spring-flowering 
subject  possesses  such  attributes  ? 

The  first  variety  to  which  I  would  call  attention 
is  Sutton's  Yellow  Phoenix;  it  is  a  delightful 
Wallflower,  and  here  at  Castleford,  Chepstow,  it 
was  more  or  less  in  bloom  throughout  the  winter, 
and  with  the  approach  of  spring  it  was  a  blaze 
of  yeUow  Another  kind  which  has  been  a  great 
success  is  Fire  King ;  it  is  a  vivid  orange,  but  its 
brilUance  is  best  seen  in  the  distance  when  it  appears 
to  be  almost  scarlet  A  few  Forget-Me-Nots  were 
used,  but  I  do  not  think  this  Wallflower  needs  any 
trimmings,  the  best  effect  being  produced  when 
grown  in  a  mass  or  large  beds.  Blood  Red  is  a 
general  favourite,  and  when  associated  with  the 
double  white  Arabis  the  effect  is  charming.  Orange 
Bedder  is  a  superb  variety  and  goes  well  near  Fire 
King.  It  is  a  rich  orange  when  it  first  opens,  and 
with  age  it  approaches  apricot  yellow.  Cloth  of 
Gold  is  bright  yellow,  an  excellent  bedding  variety, 
and  may  be  grown  with  Forget-me-Nots.  The 
above  mentioned  varieties  can  be  well  recom- 
mended, and  each  kind  will  give  a  fine  display  if 
well  grown.  T.  W.  B. 


m 
m 

m 


CELEBRATED  for  TEAS  I 


Established 
over  a  century 

Catalogues    free     on     application 

GEO.    PRINCE 

Rose    Grower, 

LONGWORTH, 
Faringdon,     Bucks. 


m 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED  VAPOUR  CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  vafu- 
able  method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  I 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

in  this  Fumigator! 

Prices.— No.  1 1  for  Frames   and   "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 

cubic  ft..  10d.  each  ;  No.  2,  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 

1.500  cubic  ft  ,  1,3  each  ;  No.  3,  for  general  use  in  Large 

Greenhouses   from    2.000  to  2,500  cubic  ft.,   1/9  each. 


Registered  Trade  Mark 


(( 


TENAX 


»? 


The  New  and   Most   Successful 

GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It  is  rapidly  taking  the  place  of  all  Foreign  and  other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 

Tins,  each  9(1.,  1  /6, 3/-,  6/-.  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reducedrate^ 


FOWLER'S    LAWN    SAND 

:e5tablished  in   ists 

For  destroying  Daisies,  Dandelions,  i^ianiains.  Kibbed  Grass.  Thistles 
and  other  weeds  on  Lawns,  Croquet  Grounds.  Bowling  Greens, 
Parks,  etc.,  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  the 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass,  - .  | 

Many  preparations  are  on  the  market  under  this  name,  but  no  article 
ditfers  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  money's  worth  generally. 


TO    BE'^JiAD    FROMZTHE    TRADE    GENERALLY.. 
PRICES-Tins.  1/e.  3  9.  T-;  Bags.  2SIbs.  11/-.  56Ibs.  21/-,  II2Ibs,  39/- 
Sole    Mannfactorers :     CORRY    &    CO..    Ltd,.    London.   S.E.1. 


XIV. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[May    28,    192: 


LEAVER'S 


Patent 


Weed  Extractor 

A    LITTLE    KNOWN    BUT    MOST    USEFUL 
GARDENING     IMPLEMENT. 


This 


can     be     seei 
in  the 
Sundries  Section 

at  the 

Royal  Horticultural 

Show 

at  Chelsea. 


Full   particulars 

and 

illustrated  Circular^ 

.with  < 

copies  of  testimonials 

sent  free 

on  application. 


G.    H.    LEAVER   &    CO.. 

46,  YORK  ROAD,  TUNBRIDGE  WELLS. 


WILLIS    BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


A  REAL   MANURE 

NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE. 
NO     STABLE     MANURE     REQUIRED. 

For  digging  in  or  as  a  top  dressing.     Fi  r  Kitchen 

Gardtn  and  Herbaceous  Borders. 
We  are  constantly  receiving    orders    and    testi- 
monials trom  satisfied  users  both  on  heavy  and 

light  soils. 

lcwt.,17/6:  4cwt.,10-;  28  lbs..  6/-;  per  ton  £16  10. 

All  Carriage  Paid. 


SOLUBLE 


TOMATO     MANURE 

as  suppli'  d  largely  to  market  growers. 
30/-  per  cwt. ;  56  lbs..  16/- ;  28  lbs..  8(6.  Carriage  paid. 

REAL  NEW  PERUVIAN  GUANO. 

(Just  arrived.) 

10%  Ammonia,  25%  Phosphates,  2%  Potash. 

1  cwt..  37/6  ;  *  cwt.,  20  -  ;  28  lbs.,  11/-.    Carr.  paid. 


BAMBOO  CANES.     Best  Solid  Quality. 

4  ft.  Thin.  6,-.  4  ft.  .MeJ..8(-,  4  ft.  Sfout.  12;-per  1  0  ; 

5  ft.,  14;-.  6  ft..  1716,  7  ft.,  22;6  per  100. 
Bamboo  Tips,  45  in.   6/-  100  ;  50;'-  1000.     Carr.  paid. 

GOOD    HEAVY    GARDEN    NETS 

25  yds.  by  8  yds.,  35/-;    50  yds.  by  4  yds..  35/-. 
Carriage  p:iid. 

Bone    Meals,      Superphosphate,      Nitrate     of 

Soda,  Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Kalnit,  Sulphate 

of  Potash,  Basic  Slag,  etc.,  supplied. 

Send    for    our    list    of    Garden     Manures    and 
Horticultural  Sundries.     Free  on  application. 

Horticultural    Manure 

Sundries, 

HARPENDEN,      HERTS. 


WILLIS  BROS.,  ES 


Fighting  the  pest 

You  cannot  keep  plants  in  good  health  unless  they 
are  free  from  the  ravages  of  insects  and  disease. 

Destroy  these  enemies  by  spraying  and  you  will  be 
treading  the  path  which  leads  to  gratification  in 
the  garden. 

The  most  beneficial  wash  you  can  possibly  use  on 
plants  (and  vegetables)  is  Abol  Non-poisonous 
Insecticide.  It  is  perfectly  safe,  acts  as  a  partial 
manure  and  ensures  beautiful  foliage. 

Used  in  the  Royal  Gardens. 

i  pt.,  1/5;   pt.,  2/51;  qt.,  4/-  ;  i  gall.,  6/6;  gall.,  11/4. 

The  National  Rose  Society  recommends  Abol  Patent 
Syringes :— No.  4,  (1x14),  19/6;  No.  5  (1x20),  24/-;  No.  6 
(Ijx  20),  30/-.  Bend  for  directing  spray  to  undersides  of  leaves 
2/4  extra. 

Of  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.  Abol  Limited, 
9,  Beltring,  Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 

Abol    Insecticide 


Write  for 

Treatise  on  . 
Garden  Pests, 

gratis 
and  post  free. 


KILZAII 

THE  LIGHTNING  INSECTICIDE 


Real  V  kills  all  msect  pcsis  which  infest  PLmts  and 
the  sunuLinding  soil.  All  good  seedsmen  stoci;  it. 
STONEHOUSE      (Hort.      Dept.).      WEST      BROMWICH 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

IS  THE  BEST  FOR  GREEN- 
HOUSES 12  TO  50  FEET 
LONG.   MADE  IN  FIVE  SIZES. 


38.000  SOLD 


cain    be    erected   and    set 
Working    in   a   few   hours 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  GSa,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


SPECIALITE. 

JAPANESE  MAPLES 

CAMELLIAS  HYDRANGEAS 

MAGNOLIAS  AZALEAS 

(Carriage  Pa 

V.  N.  Gauntlett  &  Co..  Ltd., 

Japanese  Nurseries,  Chiddingfold,  Surr 


APPOINTMENT 


THE      KING. 


<» 


RANSOMEU 

LAWN    MOWERS 

"TheBEST!nlheW>C 


HANDLA^N 
MOWERS  'F 

ALL  typ:s. 


"  LION," 
The  Best 
Cheap 
Machine. 


Also 


MOTOR,    HORSE,   POlY 

and 

DONKEY    MOWERS. 
DELIVERY    FROM    STOCf 

Write  for  List  No.  101  to:— 

RANSOMES,  SIMS  &  JEFFERIES,  13- 
ORWELL    WORKS, 
IPSWICH. 

Sold    by    all    Ironmongers    and    Seedsmen.i 


May  28,   192 1.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


XV. 


PAINT    YOUR    GREENHOUSES 

WITH 

"VITRO  LITE" 

FAR     SUPERIOR     TO     WHITE     LEAD     IN     COLOUR,    COVERING     POWER    AND    DURABILITY. 

Made    in    White    and   Stone    Colour. 

Price        -        -        21/-    per    Gallon. 

DRUMS      EXTRA. 


"PLASTINE" 

THE      IMPERISHABLE     PUTTY. 

Price     36/-     per    Cwt.,     in     112    lb.,     56    lb.     and     28    lb.     Kegs    (Extra     and    returnable), 
also     in     14    lb.     tins,     6/6     each,     and     7    lb.     tins,     3/6     each.  Tins     included. 


WALTER    CARSON    &    SONS, 

GROVE    WORKS,     LOMBARD     RD.,    BATTERSEA,    LONDON,    S.W.1 1 

And     BACHELORS    WALK,     DUBLIN. 


Telephone:    Battersea    1630    (2  lines). 
Telegrams:     "Carsons,    Battsquare,    London 


RAIN  WHEN  YOU  WANT  IT! 


The 


Mist" 


See 
Stand    51 

at    the 

Chelsea    Show. 


ORDER      YOUR      SUMMER'S      RAIN      NOW 

So     that     when     you     get     your    garden    going     you     won't     let     it     ga     back. 

System  of  Watering  doubles  crops,  makes  perfect  flowers,  lessens  danger  from  insects  and  disease. 


,  can  be  used  anywhere,  for  any  purpose,  and  COSTS  LITTLE.  Write  for  Catalogue  and  Prices,  and  if  you 
care,  mention  size  of  area  \  ou  wish  to  water.  We  can  interest  all,  from  the  Estate  Owner  to  the  small  Allotment 
Holder  or  the  man  with  a  little  back-yard  garden. 


AUTOIVIATIC     UTILITIES    CO. 


110,     SOUTHWARK     STREET, 
LONDON,     S.E.1. 


f^i  RITOtakestheplaceof  Farmyard  Manure 

besides  being  clean  to  handle  and  free  from  smell. 


The  Rito  Smite. 


A  customer  writes; — 

"  Not  being  able  to  get  stable  manure,  I  used  RITO  with  good  results. 
I  have  already  taken  35  prizes  and  two  specials  at  Flower  Shows.  Shall 
certainly  use   it  again." 

Vices:— 1     cwt.    23/6,     ^-cwt.    12/-,     J-cwt.    6/9,    14   lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 

SOLD    BY    ALL    DEALERS. 

l^inufactttred  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassitie  Company  Ltd.,  22.  Tunnel  Avenue.  Greenwtch.  S.E.  10 


"»— s 


For  all  Garden  Construction, 

Improvements  and  Planting, 

consult 

CHEALS' 

who  will  have  Special 
EXHIBITS     at    the 

CHELSEA 
SHOW 

both  outside  and  Inside. 
Catalogues  on  Application. 


J.  GHEAL  &  SONS,  V^ 

The  Nurseries, 
CRAWLEY. 


mI 


THE     GARDEN. 


[May  28,   1921. 


Arrival    of    a    wonderful    consignment    of    the 

Beautiful     BURMESE     LILY 

(LILIUM     SULPHUREUM) 

One   of  the  finest    Liliums   in   cultivation.  Coloured  ilhistiatioii  sent  on  application. 


The  above  were  discovered  by 
our    Collector    in    search    of 


ORCHIDS 


A  marvellous  consignment  of 
Orchids  also  received. 


Many  useful  species  suitable  for  Amateurs.  Reasonable  Prices.  Catalogue  of  same  sent  on  application. 

MANSELL    &    HATCHER,    LTD.,    RAWDON,    YORKSHIRE 


EDDY'S     NETS 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS. 

For    Fruit    Protection.       Square   and  Diamond 
Mesh.      All  kinds  and  sizes. 

TENNIS     BOUNDARY     NETS. 

All  widths  and  lengths. 

TENNIS     NETS. 

Various  qualities. 

REPAIRED     NETS. 

All  sizes. 


NETS     FOR     ALL     PURPOSES. 


Samples  and  List  of  Prices  from  the  Munufaciurers 

JOSEPH     BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
BARROW-ON-HUiVIBER. 

(Sole  Proprietors   of  B.  EDDY  &  SONS.) 


CHOICE     BEARDED     FLAG     IRIS 

We  hold  an  up-to-date  collection  of  all  the  choicest 
varieties,  specially  selected  for  the  strength  of  stem,  size  of 
flower,  and  choice  colouring,  including  such  varieties  as 
LORD  OF  JUNE,  PROSPERO  LAUGIER, 
ASIA,  KING  OF  IRIS,  NEPTUNE,  Etc.,  Etc. 
Write   for    Special    List    of   Iris,    post   free    upon    application. 


ALSO     SPECIALISTS     IN 


ROCK  &  WATER  GARDENS 

Write  for  particulars  0/  terms,  etc.,  free  on  application. 


See    Our    Exhibit    at   the   Chelsea    Show. 


KENT  &  BRYDON  ^^^i'S^SiS.^SlS  DARLINGTON 


m 


A  Pulham  Garden 

is  the  creation  oi  master  craftsmen.     The  firm  of  Pulham  is  over 
a     century     old — with     a     personnel     that     is     proud     of    its     art. 

No  matter  how    unpromising  the  site  may   be,   it 
can  be  transformed  into  a 

ROCK    Garden  ITALIAN    Garden 

WATER    Garden      FORMAL    Garden 

JAPANESE    Garden 

according  to  the  desire  of  its  possessor,  making  the 
most    of   any    natural    features   of   the   landscape. 

We    also    make     every  kind  of  GARDEN  ORNAMENT— Fountains,  Bird- 
baths,  Sundials,  Figures  or  Vases — in  our  imperishable  "  Pulbamite  "  Stone. 


Separate  Catalogues  sent  on  receipt  of  detailed  requirements. 

PULHAM   &   SON 

Garden  Craftsmen  for  over  a  Century  bv  Appointment  to 

H.M.   K.ns  George  V. 

71b,  Newman  St.,  Oxford  St.,  London,  W.I       " " H^iSThe*!"?""" 


Units       BRO.XBOURNE. 


\tirsciiei:     ELSENH.iM. 


King  Ed.sard  VII. 


May  2S,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


XVll. 


JOHN  WATERER,  SONS  & 
CRISP,  LIMITED 


IRISES 


FOR 


JUNE     PLANTING. 


We  grow  large  stocks  of  over  i  50 
varieties  of  the  Perennial  Irises,  in- 
cluding the  elite  of  the 

GERMANICA,       AMOENA, 
NEGLECTA,  PALLIDA, 

PLICATA,  SQUALENS, 

VARIEGATA,         TALL, 
INTERMEDIATE  &  DWARF 
SECTIONS. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  containing  also  details 
of  our  COLLECTIONS  of  PERENNIALS, 
ALPINES,  AQUATICS,  etc..  free  on  application. 


The  Nurseries,  TWYFORD,  Berks. 


Dept.  T.Q.1. 


'NICOTICIDE' 

NICOTINE      FUMIGANT 

Will  effectively  destroy  those  Insects  which 
infest  and  destroy  your  Greenhouse  Plants. 

GREEN   FLY  &   BLACK  FLY,  THRIP, 

MEALY  BUG,    and    SCALE    killed  by 

'NICOTICIDE'     Fumigant. 

PRICES: 

Pint    20/-         ^.pint     10/- 

60ZS «/-         4  ozs 4/- 

2ozs 2/3         I  oz 112 

From  your  Nurseryman  or  Seedsman. 
Sole    Makers  : 

HUNTER  &  GOW,  Ltd.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  LIVERPOOL. 


"^Jie 


The      most       interesting 

and    instructive    book   a 

Gardener  can  get — 

"CULTIVATION  BY 

MOVABLE  FRAMES" 
3y  Herbert  Cowlev, 

Editor    of    "  The     Garden.- 
1  /-  Post  Free. 


SEC770NAL 

GAEDEN  FPAME 

DEING  proof  against  rot,  draught, 
damp  and  vermin,  the  Slade 
Sectional  Garden  Frame  ensures  a 
healthy  and  abundant  crop.  It  is 
easily  portable,  and,  being  con- 
structed of  1  -  inch  wood  and 
asbestos,  it  is  readily  assembled 
and  dismantled.  It  is  also  ex- 
tensible to  any  length. 

Write  to-ilay  for  Booklel  B. 

THE    SLADE   SYNDICATE,   Ltd. 

(Directors  :  L  J.  W.  SLADE  &  M.  W.  SLADE) 
28,     Woburn    Place,     LONDON.     W.C.I 


PRICES. 
Type  A.-SINGLE  FRAME. 

4  ft.  by  3  ft. 


Size  : 
by    IS 
£2 


by   9 
3    6 


Type  A.-DOUBLE  FRAME. 

Size:    8  ft.  by  3ft. 

by  15   in.    by   9    in. 

£4     13    O 

All      frames     are      sent 

carriage       forward       at 

consignee's  risk. 


II 


You,    Your    Friend,    and     Your    Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss  th;  Important  and   Beautiful   Numbers  of 

THE      GAR  DEN 

that  are  to  appear    during  the    year.      The    surest    and    simplest   way    of    promptly    securing   a    copy 
is   to   fill    up   the   form  printed   below. 


CUT  HERE.    

To  Messrs 

Newsagents, 
or  The  Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,  London,  W.C.2. 
Please    send    me,     by    Post,    "The    Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or    P.O.O 
for   being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 

Name 

Address   

19 

Inland  SubBcription,  Foreign  and   Colonial  Subscriptions.   17/4  per  annum;    6  months.  S/8,  including  Postafre. 


THE     PIONEERS     OF    ALL     THAT 
IS      BEST      IN      LAWN      MOWERS. 

GREEN'S  "SILENa» 
MESSOR"  LAWN 
MOWERS. 


WORLD    RENOWNED 

OVER  A  MILLION  SOLD. 

Green's  New  Century  Lawn  Mower 

The  ideal  Mower  for  small  lawns, 
slopes,   banks, 
etc. 


Motor   Lawn    Mowers 

nnade  in 
Sizes     12in.    to    42in. 


May     be     had     from 

any     Ironmonger     or 

Seedsman       in       the 

United  Kingdom. 


GREEN'S 
GARDEN 
ROLLERS. 


Please  write  for 
Illustrated  Price 
List     No.     8     free. 


THOMAS  GREEN   &    SON.   Ltd.,  Smithrield   Ironworks.   Leeds,   and   New   Surrey   Works,   Soalhwark   Street,   London.   S.E.I. 


fvin. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[May  28,   1921. 


Monkey  Brand 


FRESH  AS  THE  DAISIES 
IN  THE  SPRING. 

WITH  the  coming  of  Spring- 
time the  housewife  feels  the 
necessity  for  a  general  Spring- 
Cleaning  in  the  interests  of 
cleanliness  and  health. 

In  this  task  she  will  find  a  bar  of 
Monkey  Brand  her  most  efficient 
helper,  for  it  is  the  universal 
polisher  and  cleanser.  It  has  a 
thousand  uses,  and  will  clean  the 
house  from  roof  to  cellar— draw- 
ing-room and  kitchen,  bedroom 
and  scullery,  all  alike  show  its 
beneficial  effects.  Monkey  Brand 
makes  everything  it  touches  as 
fresh  as  the  daisies  in  the  Spring. 


4#|il? 


This  economica  Bar  makes 
Copper  like  Gold,  Tin  like 
Silver,    Paint    like   New 

WON'T  WASH  CLOTHES 

BENJAMIN     BKOOKE    &    COMPANY     LIMIIED. 


.May   28,    i<)ji. 


THE     GARDEN. 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


For 
Shod 


w^,:rx. 


a: 


L# 


FIG.   2.  FIG.  2. 

(Welted  PattL-rnl.  <No-\Velt  Pattern). 

ONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS   USED. 

SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST!  MOST  ECONOMICAL  ! 

Best  English  Leather  op  Rubber  Soles. 

Used    in     the     Royal     and     in     thousands     of     tlie 

Principal   Gardens. 

Fig.  1    can  be    re-soled    many    times  and   will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Silver  Medals  :— 

Royal  Horticultural  Society,   190-4  and   1914 

Royal  International  Horticultural  E.\hibition,'l912. 

HUNDRHDS    OF    TESTIMONIALS. 
Over  10,000  Sets  used  in  the  United  Kingdom, 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  from  the  Maki.rs  :■ 
H.  PATTISSON  &   Co..  Strealham.  Londo 


ABUNDANCE 

OF  FRUIT 


possible 


destroyed. 


SAVE  VOUR   CROPS 


COOPERS 

HORTICULTURAL 
REMEDIES 


NICOTINE    (V2|    FLUID 

No  finer  Spring  and  Summer  Wash 
Destroys    Apple  and    Pear  Suclter.  Apple.  Plum, 
Rose  and  other  aphides.  Mussel  Scale  larvae,  and 
American    Bhght. 
In  Qts..  j,  1,  2.  5.  20  and  40  galls. 

A.    S.    FLUID 

For   Spring   and    Summer   Use 
Kills  Aphis.  Apple  Sucker  and  Young  Scale  Insects. 
Economical  for  large  Orchardists. 
In  1.  5.  20  and  40  galls. 

MILDEW   ( V2  K )   FLUID 


For    Ro 


Strawberry    and    other  Mildews,    also 
Strawberry  Leaf  Spot. 


"HIGHLY  COMMENDED'-    ^ward   of  the 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  for  Rose  Mildew. 
In  QL.  Tins;  1,  2,  5.  10  and  40  gall,  caslcs. 

ARSENATE  of  LEAD  PASTE 

Destroys   Leaf-eating   Caterpillars.  Codling  Moth 
Caterpillar.  Saw  Fly  larvae.  Pear  and  Cherry  Slug 
and  other  chewing  insects. 
In  1,  2,  5.  10,  20,  50  and  100  lb.  Packages. 

TOMARITE 

A  Non-Poisonous  Spray  Fluid 

For  prevention  and  eradication  of  fungous  diseases 
on  1  omaloes.  including  leaf-iust.       Does  not  mark 
the  Fruit. 
In  Qts.,  1.  5,  and  10  gall,  drums. 

WEEDICIDE 

Rapidly  kills  Weeds  on  Drives,  Garden  Paths  and 
Gravelled    Spaces. 
In  Qts..  ).  1,  2,  5. 10,  20  and  40  galls. 

Of  Asents  Everywhere.     Revised  Pricei  on  Application  to 


WILLIAM  COOPER  fi.NEPHEWSU. 


CHEMICAL    WORKS,     BERKHAMSTED. 


A  Booklet  contain- 
)ng  the  most 
Reliable  Q  a  r  d  e  n 
Requisites    for    the 


ii 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


99 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   (post     free). 


Al 


FUMIGATING 

(Poison) 

COMPOUND 


Kills  Mealy  Bug, 
Red  spider,  and  all 
other  Greenhouse 
Pests.  No  trouble. 
No  risk. 
Price  :  I  Pint  Can,  2S/-  each. 
Sufficient  Compound  for  40,000  cubic  feet. 


LAWN  SAND 

and 


The  Celebrated  Eclipse  Weed 
Killer  for  Lawns,  and  Valu- 

DAISY  KILLER     ^,:^^ '"''"'- 

31/ecwt.,  17/-  l-cwt.,  91-  28lbs.     Bags  free. 

FENPINfl    ^^■'8'^    stoclis  of    Simplex    Chestnut 
I  LilUlilU   pencing.  Quotations      for      any 

quantity.        Also    for    Iron    and    Wire    Fencing. 
Write  for  List  of  most  economical  and  durable  styles 


BEE  HIVES  & 
ACCESSORIES 


AH  in  Stock.  The  Improved  Taplow 
W.B.C.  Hive  complete  for  56/6. 
Unbeatable  value  Constructed 
from  selected  stout  timbers.  An 
absolutely  dry  hive. 

BEES    and    QUEENS.      Selected  Stocks  and   Swarms. 

Prices  on  applicition. 


"VELTHA"     Destroyer        of      all       Fungoid 
¥LLIIIH         Diseases    attacking     the     Plant 
through  the  Soil.        Prices: 
Emulsion,   IS/-  a  gall.;   Powder,  18/-  J-cwt. 


CARRIAGE  PAID  ON  ORDERS  £1    AND  UPWARDS 


"le  Fruitier" 

THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK  VET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS     CENTURV. 

AS     SLPPLIED     TO    THE 

ROYAL     GARDENS,    WINDSOR, 

THE  ROYAL  GARDENS, 
SANDRINQHAM. 

"Your  '  Le  Fruitier'  is  a  splendid  manure. 
I  have  used  it  for  a  number  of  years 
with  the  most  gratifying  results  as  an 
artificial  manure  for  Vines,  Peaches  and 
Tomatoes,  and  I  am  convinced  It  cannot 
be  excelled.  Tho.mas  H.  Cook." 

Prices: 
36/-  cwt.,   19/-  Jcwt.,   10/6  28  lbs., 
6/-    14  lbs.,     3/6    7  lbs.       Bags    Free. 


W">  WOOD  &  SON '" 


TELE 


(LATE     OF     WOOD     QREEN) 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GRAMS     "GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


"INTENSIVE    CULTURE     IN    EVERY    GARDEN." 


THE  CLOCHE  CLIP 

THE    CUP    THAT 


PATE.\TED 
IN  THE  U.K. 
_      ABROAD. 

HOLDS. 

CTOR  making  continuous  and  other  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants, 
^  Rowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.  Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used.  The  Clip  will  make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can 
be  handled  without  falling  apart. 

Price  71-  doz.  Postage  9d.  1  doz.  1/-  2  doz.  3  doz.  Carriage  Paid,  Cash  with  order. 
Particulars  will  be  sent  on   apolication— THE  CLOCHE   CLIP   CO      Guildford    Surrey. 


GRAND       YORKSHIRE       FLOWER       SHOW 
AND      GALA. 

15th.    16th,   17th   JUNE.   1921. 
^^|>|^    OFFERED    IN   PRIZES  for  groups  of  stove 
^^  ■  ^■'^^     and  greenhouse  plants,  Orchids,    Carnations, 
Begonias,  Sweet  Peas.  Roses,  Cut  Flowers,  etc. 

Gold  and  Silver  Medals  for  Trade  Exhibits. 

ENTRIES   CLOSE  Sth   JUNE,   1921. 

For  schedules  apply  to  Arthur  Anderson,   Secretary', 

44,  Coney  Street,  York.        Telegrams:  "  Festival,  York." 


SOUTHAMPTON 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  Rose  Show, 

JUNE       22nd,        1921. 


HON.     SECRETARY : 

MATTHEW  W.    BEER,    Eperquerie,    Bassett,   Southampton. 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


soH 


'S 


WVP^^ 


\^9^^ 


On     the    market 

for      over      40     years. 

they  still  hold  first  place  in 

estimation    of    Horticulturists 

the     world       for      QUALITY 


the 
all     over 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      they     stand    unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description     of    Fruit-bearing.    Flowering 
and  Foliafte  Plants.  Vegetables,  Lawns,  etc.,  etc. 
Plant    and    Vsgetable    Manure,     i  cwt.,  36/-:      56lb„    19/-:      281b.,  10/R: 
141b..  6/-;  71b..  3/6;  Tins,  1/6. 
Special  Top-Dressing  Manure,  561b..  19/-:  ■>S\b.,  10/6:  141b.,  6/-:  71b.,  3/6. 
■W     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLF.T— POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     "Wd 
SOLD         BY         NURSERYMEN         AND         SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Vine, 


Sole    Makers:      WM.     THOMSON 


SONS.     LTD..     CLOVENFORDS.     SCOTLAND. 


SUNDIALS 


BIRD      BATHS,       VASES 

TO   BEAUTIFY   YOUR   GARDEN. 


SANDERS     &    CO., 


Write    now    (enclose    stamp)    for    lUustrated    Catalogue    C. 
GARDEN     CRAFTSMEN,     365,     EUSTON      ROAD.     LONDON, 


N.W.I 


Published   by  "Country  Like."   Limited,  at  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Strand,  \V.C.2,  and  by  Georoe  Newnes.  Limited,  S-U    Southampton  Street,  Strand,  \V.C.2. 

and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press.  .'^.S  &  .'i7.   Drurv  Lane.   London.  W.C.'.' 


THE    GARDEN 


May  28th,  1921. 


WALLACE'S  IRISES 

FOR     EVERY     GARDEN. 


IN      THE      IRIS     GARDEN,      HERONDENE.     (/.   fi.   Ilaruui    ferry.   Esq.) 


Our   IRIS  Exhibit  at  the   Royal    Hort.   Society  (Chelsea)    Show,  1920,  was  awarded 

THE     LAWRENCE     MEDAL 

As     the      MOST      MERITORIOUS      EXHIBIT     of     the     YEAR. 


EVERY  LOVER  OF  A 
GARDEN  MUST  LOVE 
THE  IRIS  TOO,  for  no 
flower  can  surpass  it  for 
beauty  of  form  and  colour,  or 
give  so  much  pleasure  in  return 
for   a   minimum    of   attention 

Write  for  our  "IRISES  AND  IRIS 
GARDENS,  "  post  free  on  application,  and 
try  the  following  collections  of  a  few  of  the 
finest  varieties;  — 


OUR     "UNIQUE"     COLLECTION 

Comprising    many    of    the    choioest    varieties,    both    old    and    new. 


Albert  Victor,  lavender. 

Archeveque,  violet  and  purple 

Azure  (Bliss),  lavender  and  violet  (see  cover). 
*CameIot  (Bliss),  creamy-white  edged  violet. 

Crusader,  violet-blue. 

Dimity,  white  and  lavender. 
•Eldorado  A.M.,  bronze  with   heliotrope  and  violet 

purple. 
'Qlitter  (Bliss),  golden-yellow  and  brown. 

Quies  (Bliss),  reddish-lilac  and  pansy-violet. 
•Hilda  (Bliss),  white  edged  blue. 

Iris  King  A.M.,  lilac-pink  and  purplish-rose. 
•Isoline,  lilan-pinl<  and  old  rose. 

Knysna  (Bliss),  deep  yellow  and  rod-bruwn. 
One  of  each  of  the  above  25  splendid  varieties  for  ..    £4 

One  of  each  of  the  12  starred  varieties,  a  choice  collection,  for   £  1 


Lady  Foster  A.M.,  pale  blue  and  violet. 
'Leander,  reddisti-violet. 

•Lord  of  June  A.M.,  lavender-blue  and  violet-blue. 
•Maori  King,  solden-yellow  and  purple-maroon. 
•Mrs.  Alan  Gray,  lilac-pinlv. 

•Mrs.   Cowley    (Bliss),   coppery-pinli  and  deep   rosy- 
purple. 

Neptune  A.M.,  pale-blue  and  dark  purple-blue. 
•Pallida  dalmatica,  pale  blue. 

Prospero  A.M.,  1920,  pale  Lavender  and  deep  red- 
purple. 
•Rodney  (Bliss),  violet-blue. 

Romany  (Bliss),  pale  yellow  .and  red. 

Tom-Tit  (Bliss),  deep  violet-bhu'. 


3  of  each  for  £  1 0  1 0  0 
3  of  each  for   £3   3  0 


R.  WALLACE  &  G"  L 


"   uRDENs  TUNBRIDGE  WELLS. 


THE 


JUNiio  iy21 


GARDEN 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2585. 

Botered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y..  Post  Office 


Saturday,   June  4,   1921 


REGISTERED  AT  THE  GENERAL 
POST  OFFICE  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 
AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17/4  ;    Foreign,    17/4 


LARGE-FLOWERED  SALPIGLOSSLS. 
The  colours  of  these  glorious  flowers  range  through  blue 
and  gold,  golden  yellow,  crimson  and  rich  purple.  A  bed 
of  these  beautiful  half  hardy  annuals  is  a  striking  feature 
of  the  July  and  August  garden.  They  are  also  excellent 
subjects  in  pots  for  the  greenhouse. 


BARR'S  SEEDS  for  JUNE  Sowing 

Of    Finest    Strains   and    Tested    Growth 

FOR     THE     FLOWER     GARDEN     &     GREENHOUSE. 

Antirrhinums,  Aquilegias,  Campanulas,  Canterbury  Bells,  Calceolarias, 
Cinerarias,  Delphiniums,  Forgetme  nots,  Hollyhocks,  Lupins,  Pansies, 
Primulas,  Polyanthus,  Primroj-es,  Sweet  Williams,   Stocks,  Wallflowers,  etc. 

FOR    THE    VEGETABLE    GARDEN. 

Beans,    Beet,    Carrots,    Peas,    Spinach,    Lettuce,    Radish,   etc. 

FOR    POULTRY    AND    PIG    FOOD 

sow    BUCKWHEAT— Seed,   per  oz.   packet,  3d.;     per  lb.,   2- 


BARR    &    SONS, 


SPECIAL     LIST     O.V     APPLICATIOX. 

11,     12       &       13,        KING        STREET^ 
COVENT  GARDEN,   LONCON,  W.C.Z. 


BENTLEY'S   SPECIALITIES 

WEED     DESTROYERS 

DAISY     KILLER     (Lawn     Sand) 

INSECTICIDES 

FUNGICIDES 

FUMIGANTS 

FERTILISERS 

Catalogue    on     Application. 

Sole  Manufacturers :  JOSEPH    BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
Chemical    Works,    BARROW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 

GREEN,     BLACK,    WHITE     FLY,    CATERPILLARS.    ETC. 

Give    'em     SOX. 

It    is    a    penetratingly    powerful    non-poisonous    insecticide    containing. 

a   new   killing  ingredient   which   insect   pests  cannot   resist. 
SOX    has    no    sediment— cannot    choke    syringe    or    sprayers  and   is 

harmless  to  all   plants. 
SOX  has  been   tested  and  awarded  "  Highly  Commended  "  Certificate 

for  efficiency   hy   the   Royal   Horticultural  Society. 
If  you  have  used  other  insecticides  and   they  have   not  done  the  work 

well-TRY  SOX. 
SOX   is  made  in   two   forms—in   Tablets  and   in   Liquid. 
D  Y   O   W   £   E    D 


PRICES 

OF 

SOX 

TABLETS. 

PacliL-t 

sof     3 

1'- 

6 

...       1/9 

12 

...       3/- 

■14 

...      5/9 

•18 

...     10/6 

120 

...     25/- 

Free  from  Arsenic. 

Harmless    to    Man.  'Bird    or    Bea»t. 

Very  Effective  and  Very  Safe. 

Dyoweed  is  the  weed  killer  everyone 
has  been  waiting  for — deadly  to  weeds, 
but  safe  to  use.  Can  be  sold  without 
a  licence. 


PRICES    OF 
SOX     LIQUID 

No.  1  1/6  malvcs  .Sgalls. 
No.  2  2  6  ..  10 
No.S  3/6  ,.  15  ., 
No.  4  6/-  ..  30  ,. 
No.5  10i6  ,.  60  .. 
Largtr  quantities  on 
application. 


Sold    in   cans   to    make   .i   ^alls.    1/6.    h   ^.ills.    2/6.    10   ^aUs,    3  9.    I'O   >;alls.    6/-.   40   yalls.    10  6. 
Largtr  quantities  on  applic.ition. 

SOLD    BY    NURSERYMEN.    SEEDSMEN.    IRONMONGERS    AND    STORES. 

Sole  Manuf^ictuicrs  :  Htiukvi-  0-  tfotviooii.   Ltd..  Ai;riciilliiral  <■'•   Horfuu/tnral  Clumi'.t^ .  Gr.iys.  E-isex. 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous   habit  antl  superior  constitution.       A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect     our     immense     and     interesting     STOCK 

RAISED     BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice    Species,    Rare    Botanical    Specimens.        Albinos    in    warm   and    cool 
sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert    Advice    given    and    .ill    Requisites    supplied     for     the    good    culture 

charlesworth"  I  CO.,  "'trEA™!*^ 


THE     GARDEN. 


TTuxH  4.   i()-!i. 


U 


THE    GARDEN      CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative  Rose   Grower    of  England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retaii   Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioh 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
ofall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS    AND     FLOWER  INQ     SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalooue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varietiea  post 
tree 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


W.  WELLS,  Junr. 
Hardy  Plant  Nursery 
MERSTHAM,  SURREY 


Specialists  In 
Hardy  Plants 
and  Alpines 
Catalogues  Free 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 
"ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begoniae 
Delphlnlume 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


HENRY   ECKFORD 

Wem 

SHROPSHIRE 


Sweet  Peas  and 
Garden  Seeds 
Fertilizers 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post   Free   on 
application 


BIRDS  DEFIED. 


ROTLESS 

TANNED  NETTING. 

As  supplied  by  us  to  the  Royal  Gardens.  In  3  qualities. 
50  by  1  yd.,  e;-.  8/6.  11,- ;  2  yds.,  121.,  17/-,  221- :  3  yds.,  IS/-,  25'6, 
33/-;  4yds.,24/-,  34/-,  44/-;   25  by  8  yds.,  24/-.  34/-,  44/- 

Carriage  Paid,  post  or  pass. 
HAWTHORN,     Ltd.,    Depi.     E.    SHREWSBURY. 

established     33     YEARS. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides   and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  a,,  Qa^den 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  and  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humber 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE    US 


Landscape  and 
Garden  Archl. 
tects,  specialise 
In  RocK,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardens,  eto. 


R.   WALLACE   &    CO., 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Ltd. 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show.  1912. 


J.   CHEAL   &    SONS,    Ltd. 

Nurseries 
CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardenere 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


PULMAM  ©  SON 

I    BTAPPOISTMCNT   TO  Ml?  MXJCST^' 

I  71  NEViNLAX  ST  QXTORDST 
■  LONDON • w 

I  NX-R3CRIE  S  •  eLSCNHAM  Essex 


C  rrvftsmpri  ■ 

Formal  Gar<ien3  ■ 
Pl^-Jis  iScjrtrpys  . 
Vxses  -Foonloios. 

ri§t,. 


A.  CECIL  BARTLETT 
318,  Kew  Road 
KEW 


Landscape  Gardener 

(late  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew), 

Expert  Adviser  on 

Gardens  and 

Woodlands. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


SITUATION    VACANT. 


WANTED,  really  good  GARDENER  with  boy 

tn  lirlp  ill  gariirii.  Haif-tiiiK'  assistance  from  c-liaitlt.ur.  Cottugi 
1  ru\idcd.  '  Applications  from  Herts  a-ni  Beds  prcteiTed.— 
Mrs.  G.  BuKROUtiHEs.  GastUngs.  Soutliill.  Bisffl<'swade. 


The  Culture 

of    Chrysanthemums 

By   H.    WELLS. 

Freely      Illustrated. 

Paper   Covers,    2/6     net;     Cloth     3/6   net; 
By    post    ^d.    extra. 


Published  at  the  Offices  of     'Coiintrv  Life."  Ltd 
20.   Tavistock  Street,    \V.C.2. 


Perpetual  Flowering 

CARNATIONS 


Our  stoclts  of  selected  plants 
are  superh.and  we  canofferall 
the  best  varieties  for  imme- 
diate delivery  ex  3^  in.  pots, 
stopped  and  broken. 
Fully  Illustrated  and  Rescriptive 
Catalogue  gladly  sent  Post  Free 
on  rt-quest.  or  we  can  offer 
collections  of  plants  at  special 
prices  carriage  and  packing 
paid  for  cash  : 

1—3  good  distinct  varieties      5/- 

..       ,.    2.-fi      ..  .,  ,.  10- 

..    3.-9      ,.  ,.  ..  15  - 

„    4.— 25  Plants  in  12  good  varieties      35- 

..       ..    5.-50         ,  ..  ..  62/6 

..    6.— 100  Plants  io  18  good  cat  flower  aad 

Exhibition  vaneiies 115- 

Limited  Stocks  of  Large  Flowering  Flaots  in  6  in.  pots 
from  35  -  per  dozen,  carriage  extr.i. 

A  L  L\A/  O  O  D  I  I 

The  new  hardy  plant— half  Pink  and  half  Carnation— grows 
anywhere  and  flowers  perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter. 
The  greatest  addition  to  Horticulture  for  a  decade.  We  have 
now  limited  stocks  nf  practically  all  varieties,  and  can  offer 
the  undermentioned  collectiois  at  carriage  and  packing  paid 
prices  for  t  ash  : 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  DistinctVarieties  II'- 

..    2b.— 9         ..  .,  (including  novelties)  23/6 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET.    6d.    post    free. 

I   When  yon  ifaiDk  of  CarDalions  yon  tbink  of 


The  leadiu!  Carnation  Roisen  and  SpecialisU  in  the  World,  Dept.  4. 

HAYWARDS        HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


SPECIALITE. 

J.AP.WESE 

CAMKLLIAS 

.MAGNOLI.AS 

.M.APLES 

HYDRANGE.AS 

AZALEAS 

(Carriage  Paid.) 

V.   N. 

("lAfSTUETT  &  Co..  Ltd 
Japanese  Nurseries. 

Chiddingfold.  Surrkv. 

ROCK    PLANT 
COLLECTIONS. 

Well  gr.)\vn  plaits,  mostly  from  pots,  judiciously  selected 

for   lie,uiti'    of   Hower   or  leat   the   year  through.      Caretully 
packed  and  sent  carriage  paid  for  Cash. 

12-7  6.   1016.         25-15'-,  20  -.  50— 27/6.  35'-. 

FREDK.    G.    WOOD,    Marsden    Nursery,  ASHTEAD,    SURREY. 


GRAND       YORKSHIRE        FLO\«ER       SHOW 
AND      GALA. 

15th.    16th.   17th   JUNE,  1921. 
X*^f\t\    OFFERED    IN   PRIZES  for  groups  of  stove 
^i  ■  w^/     and  greenhouse  plants.  Orchids.  Carnations, 
Begonias.  Sweet  Peas.  Roses.  Cut  Flowers,  etc. 

Gold  and  Silver  Medals  for  Trade  Exhibits. 

ENTRIES   CLOSE  Sth   JUNE,  192L 

For  schedules  apply  to  .Arthur   .Anderson,   Secretary, 

44.  Coney  Street.  York.         Teleuranis:  "  Festival,  York." 


TWO     GOOD     NOVELTIES 

NEW  GERANIUM :    FLAME 

A  hybrid  with  beautiful  tfame  coloured  blooms,  with  frinm  1 
petals  which  give  them  a  good  appearance.  This  variety  \v  J^ 
distributed  byu;  last  year  for  the  first  time.  The  Howci^ 
last  well  when  cut,  and  hang  on  the  plants  in  good  condition 
for  some  days. 

Price     3 '6     each 

NEW  GIANT  WHITE  BROMPTON  OR  WINTER 
STOCK 

This  grand  novelty  is  a  most  desirable  and  beautiful 
acciuisition.  equally  for  Horists.  designs,  and  the  amateur 
gardener,  on  account  of  its  pure  whiteness,  and  of  the 
individ.ial  blooms,  the  size  of  many  being  iiuite  one  and  a 
half  inches  across,  which  shimmer  in  the  sunlight  like  driven 
snow.  A  bed  or  border  of  these  plants  makes  a  most 
attractive  display  in  the  flower  garden,  and  as  pot  plants  for 
early  flowering  they  will  prove  of  sterling  v.alue.  retaining 
their  freshness  and  beauty  lor  a  prolonged  period  after  the 
ordinary  type  of  stock  ha^  finishid  flowering. 

Price  1 ;-  per  packet.         Per  Post,  1  /2. 

Sweet    Pea   Specialists,     PHARD 
Rose  Growers,  etc.,  "'"*"" 


JARMAN  &  Co., 


June  4,   1921 


GARDEN. 


sow   NOW— FOR    SPRING    FLOWERING. 

WEBBS'  WALLFLOWERS.  The  very  finest  strains. 
KIXVER  FAVOURITE,  blood  red ;  CANARY  BIRD,  golden 
vellow;  EASTERN  QUEEN",  salmon  shaded;  VULCAN, 
velvety  crimson;  UNIVERSAL,  mixed;  DOUBLE,  mixed. 
Each  8d.  and  1/-  per  pkt.  Post  free.  Catalogue  free. — WEED 
ASP  Sons.  Ltd.,  The  King's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DRONS,  Azaleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants, 
Wat«r  Lilies,  Border  Chrysanthemums,  Bedding  Plants,  Dahlias, 
Violas,  etc. — JoHN  Wateeeb,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
Surrey,  Twyford,  Berks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND   GLAZING 

— "  VITROLITE  •■  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins,  S/A  each;  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
— Full  particulars  from  Waltek  Cabson  &  SONS,  Grove  Works, 
Battersea,     Agents  throughout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Reutbe,  Eeston, 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE. 

— The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  x. 


WM.   DUNCAN    TUCKER    &  SONS,   LTD., 

Lawrence    Road.    South    Tottenham,    >M5,  —  Conservatories, 
WinttT  Gardens,  Vineries,  Peach  Houses,  Portable  Buildings,  &c. 


SCOTCH    SEED    POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlothian 
Eariy,  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6  ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6 ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  vn,  3/6  ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Bariy,4/6;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/>  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.—Tillie,  Whtte  4  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA   DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

e&terpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
Insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/-  ;  for  60  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MoDocOALL  BROS.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.    Established  1845. 


EARLHAM     GIANT     MONTBRETLAS.— All 

who  are  interested  in  these  wonderful  modern  plants  should 
send  for  H.  J.  Jones'  Catalogue  containing  full  descriptions  and 
prices.  H.  J.  J.  will  be  pleased  to  send  a  dozen  very  fine  ones, 
his  selection,  for  10/-  box,  packing  and  carriage  free  for  cash 
with  order. — Ryeceoft  Nurseries.  Lewisham.  S.E.13. 


HOCKEY,  GOLF,  CROQUET  AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  OflBces  of  "  Country 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND    FRUITS ; 

with  chapters  on  "  Drjing  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  HEEBERT  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  »d.  net, 
by  post,  lid.— Published  »t  the  OfBees  of  "  Codntrt  Life," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Hartet.  140  pages.  40  illustrations.  2/8  net; 
cloth  3/6  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  CooNTRT  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden.  W.C.2 


DUCKS,   GEESE  AND  TURKEYS,  by 

Will  Hooley,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The  Manager,  "  ConNTHY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 

THE     HARDY      FLOWER      BOOK.  —  By 

E.  H.  Jenkins.  The  sioonil  edition  of  this  practie.il  and 
beautifully  illustrat.  d  book  is  now  on  sale,  price  3/G  net,  by  post 
3/10.  An  illustrat!  d  pnispectus  sent  post  free  on  application  to 
The  Manager,  "  CoCNTHY  LIFE,"  LTD.,  20,  T.'ivistock  St.,  W.C.2 


BARR'S   FLOWER   &   VEGETABLE   SEED 

FOR  JUNE  SOWING.— Finest  selected  stiains  and  tested 
growth.  Descriptive  list  free. — B\RR  &  Sons.  11.  12  6l  13. 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C.2. 


THE    DOUGLAS  CLOVES.— Our   wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  1  They  do  grandly  In  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  Intending  purchasers.  —  J.  Douolab,  Great 

Bookham. 

JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelseji,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING    for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  Iron  and  wlrework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultr>~ 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


CHOICE    NEW   CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Our 

New  Catalogue,  including  splendid  novelties  for  1921 ;  also 
New  Pelargoniums,  Dahlias,  etc.,  is  now  ready.  Post  free  on 
application, — J.  W.  Cole  &  SON,  Chrysanthemum  Nurseries, 
Peterborough. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5'gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  ;  McDougall 
Bros.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1846. 


RIVERS'   FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  *  son.  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls.  In  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — Hodson  &  Son,  68,  Casttegate, 

Nottingham* 


IRON      FENCING,      GATES,      RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wlrework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Railing,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Trx)ugh8, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preeervatlon  of  Ironwork, 
etc.     Catalogue  free. — Hill  &  SmxH,  Ltd.,  Brierley  Hill. 


J.    WOOD,    Garden   Architect.  —  Rock    and 

Water  Gard'-ns,  Walls  and  Formal  Gardens. — 56,  Fitzroy  Stn-.  t, 
London.  W.l,  and  at  Lrrds. 


TENNIS  COURT   BOUNDARY  NETTING.— 

Fitted  with  strong  lines.  I25yd6.  by  2yd8.,  20/-  ;   25yds.  by  Syds. 
26/- ;   25yds.  by  4yd5.,  34/-. — HAWTHORN,  Dept.  E,  Shrewsbury. 


CACTI!   CACTI !!  — Belgian    Grown,    1,250 

choice  named  varieties  from  6d.  to  £6  each.  Twelve  all  different 
named,  7/-,  14/-,  21/-,  carriage  paid.  Cacti  list  free, — H.  N. 
liLLlsnN.  Bull  Street   West  Bromwich. 


CHRYSANTHEMUM,  «  CROMER."— Yellow. 

Earliest,  hardi<  8t  and  most  prolific  grown  blooms  outside. 
Juni' — Di'cemb'-r.  Fine  plants,  in  bud,  3/6  doz.,  carriage  paid. 
— Buxton,  Suffleld  Park  Lodge.  Cromer. 


HOME-BREWED    WINES    AND     UNFER- 

MENTED  BEVERAGES  for  all  seasons  of  the  year.  By 
Anne  Am.\teur.  A  helpftil  booklet  containing  also  recipes  for 
invalid  drinks,  and  published  at  9d,,  post  free  lid.,  at  the  offices 
)1  •■  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street.  W.C.2. 


SUTTON'S  Early-flowering  WALLFLOWERS. 

YELLOW     PHCENIX 
This  delightful   Wallflower  will  commence    blooming    in    the 
Autumn   and  continue  tlu-oughout  the  Winti  r  if  the  weather 
prove  open,  and  burst  into  full  flower  at  the  advent  of  Spring 

Per  packet,  1/6. 
SUTTON  &  SONS,  THE    KING'S    SEEDSMEN,   READING. 


CUT    FLOWERS.  —  KELWAY'S     LOVELY 

P.EONIES. — We  are  prepared  to  book  orders  for  these  glorious 
flowers.  Ready  from  end  of  May  to  beginning  of  July.  An 
endless  variety  of  lovely  tints,  white,  delicate  cream,  faint 
blush,  creamy  yellow,  lilac  rose,  rose  pink,  peach,  deep  rose, 
deep  amethyst,  cherry  red,  crimson,  maroon  and  purple.  Prices 
from  9/-  to  12/-  per  doz.  Cash  with  order.  Post  free.  The 
Pwony  is  eminently  suitable  for  home,  ballroom  and  church 
decoration,— Write  at  once  to  The  Retail  Plant  Dept.,  KEtWAY 
AND  Son,  Langport,  Somerset, 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.    Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Oulde  to  Oardenlas 
Free,  also.  If  wanted,  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


SOW  NOW— BATH'S  EMPRESS  PANSIES, 

as  grown  for  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Frogmore,  The  richest  and 
largest  flowering  strain  of  Pansies  extant.  Per  packet  2/6  and 
1/6  post  free  for  cash  with  order.  R.  H.  BiTH,  I^D..  (Dept  E  ) 
The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 


PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.— R.   WALLACE  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tanbrtdge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,    NESTING     BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.     4)    free.— 
MooRTON,  6,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


WATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12/6, 

carriage  paid,  different  colours;  choice  waterside  planti  10/8 
doz.,  Alpines  6/-,  9/-  and  11/-  prr  doz.,  all  different,  named  and 
post  free.  Catalogues  gratis. — BowKH.  4  Skarratt,  Nnnerles, 
Cheltenliam. 


GARDEN      NETTING.  —  Prompt      delivery. 

50yds.  by  4yd3„  16/6  ;  26yd8.  by  8yds..  17/6.  STOUT  NEW 
NETTING  (Tanned),  25yds.  by  4yds.,  29/6  ;  BOyds.  by  4yds., 
66/9.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also  Tennis  Boundary  Net*. — 
Thb  Gourock  Ropework  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS    SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — Tbrhy  Lke,  16,  Morden  Eoad,  SUchford,  Blrmingbam. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

by  A.  J.  Macseif.  A  practical  booklet  on  the  be«t  methods 
of  cultivating  these  popular  flowers.  9d.  net ;  by  post,  lid. 
Published  at  the  OfBces  of "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  MOST  OF  IT.  A  new  and  practical  booklet  by  the  late 
W.  Trueiove,  9d.  net ;  by  post,  lid.  Published  at  the 
Offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2 

HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  Is  now  on  sale, 
»d.  net,  by  post  lid. — "  Country  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Tavistook 
Street,  Covent  Garden.   W.C.2. 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  Jenkins,  7/6  net, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  illustrated.  Published  at  t^e 
offices  ef  "Country  Lifb,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
(3ovMt  Garden,  W.C,2. 


THE   DOG  :    MAN'S  FIRMEST  FRIEND.— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him.  By  A.  Croston  Smith. 
O.B.E.  Published  at  the  offices  o.  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd., 
20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants  in  Health 

and  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.M.H..  freely  illustrated, 
7/8  net,  by  post  8/-.  A  Prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
"  Coontby  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  tliorougliiy  practical  and  well-illu.stratod  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  writt-en  by  Laurence  J.  (>)0K, 
Is  now  ready.  Price  2/0  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20 
Tavistock  Street    Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,   1021. 


Country  Life" 
Gardening  Booldets. 

Each  9d.  net,  by  Post  lid. 


nnnnnaaaannnannnnnnaannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnna 


Antirrhinums  and  Pentstemons. 

By  A.  J.   Macself. 

The    Greenhouse,    and    how   to  make   the 
most  of  it. 

By  W.   Truelove. 

Vegetable  Growing. 

By  Herbert  Cowley. 
3rd  Impression. 

Storing  Vegetables  and  Fruits. 

With  Chapters  on  Drying  in  the 
Oven    and   hy   the   Kitchen    Fire. 

By  Herbert  CowLE-i'. 

Fruit  Bottling  and  Preserving. 

Practical      and     homely      recipes. 
By  Mrs.   Edwin   Beckett. 
2nd  Edition. 

Cultivation  in  Movable  Frames. 

By  Herbert  Cowley. 

A  complete  list  of  the  "Country  Life" 
booklets  and  a  catalogue  of  many  practical 
and  beautifully  illustrated  gardening  books 
in  the  Country  Life  "  Library  will  be  sent 
post  free  on  application  to 

The  Manager,  "  Country  Life," 
20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 

NOW     READY. 

The  Garden  Doctor. 

PLANTS  IN  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE. 

By  F.  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.M  H. 

7s.  6d.  net  ;     by  post  8s. 

This  book — written  by  an  acknowledged 
authority — gives  a  short  and  simple 
account  of  common  troubles  met  with 
in  gardens,  and  the  most  effective 
methods  of  dealing  with  them. 

A  prospectus  of  the  volume  and  a  complete 
catalogue  of  books  in  the  "  Country 
Life "  Library  xcill  be  sent  post  free  on 
application  to 

The  Manager,  "  Country  Life," 
20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


R.  TUCKER  «S   SONS, 

DESIGNERS     AND     CONSTRUCTORS     OF 

Rock    and   Waten  Gardens 
and    Herbaceous    Bonders. 

Awarded    GOLD    MEDAL    and    THE    DAILY    GRAPHIC     CUP    for     the     best     Rock    Garden, 

Chelsea    Show,    1921. 

Speciality:    RARE    ALPINE    PLANTS. 


Illustrated  Catalogue  Free. 


Brookside    Nupsaries,    Oxford. 


nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnnnDnDnnnnnnnnnnnnDDDnnnnDDDnDDnDnDnnnnn 

"INTENSIVE    CULTURE     IN    EVERY    GARDEN." 

PATENTEE 
IN  THE  U.K 
U     ABROAD 


THE  CLOCHE  CLIP 

THE    CUP    THAT     HOLDS. 

trOR  making  continuous  and  otiier  Cloches  for  the  protection  of  seeds,  plants, 
^  flowers,  etc.  STRAWBERRIES  may  be  had  two  or  three  weeks  earlier  by  their 
use.  Glass  of  any  size  may  be  used.  The  Clip  will  make  a  rigid  Cloche  which  can 
be  handled  without  falling  apart. 

Price7'-doz  Postage  9d.  1  doz.  1/-2do2  3  do:.  Carriage  Paid.  Cash  with  order. 
Particulars  will   be  sent   on   noo'lcation     THE   CLOCHE    CLIP   CO.,    Guildford    Surrey. 


'NICOTICIDE 


■NICOTINE      FUMIGANT- 


Will  effectively  destroy  those  Insects  which 
infest  and  destroy  your  Grecnliouse  Plants. 

GREEN    FLY  &  BLACK  FLY,  THRIP, 

MEALY   BUG,    and    SCALE    killed  by 

■NICOTICIDE'     Fumigant. 

PRICES : 

Pint     20/-  i-pint     10/- 

6  ozs. •/-  4  ozs.       4/- 

2ozs    2  3  1  uz 1'2 

from  yoor  Nurseryman  or  Seedsman. 

Sole    Makers : 

HUNTER  &  GOW,  Ltd.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  LIVERPOOL 


FIRST  INVENTED.       FIRST  EVER  SINGE. 
SMITH'S 

POWDER  WEED  KILLER 

is    absolutely    "PERFECT." 

8  tins  of  Powder  to  make  200  gallons  of 
Liquid,  carriage  paid  ;  also  in  Liquid,  all 
sized     Drums,     5    gallons,    carriage  paid. 

MARK     SMITH,     LTD. 

LOUTH.    LINCOLNSHIRE. 


You,    Your     Friend,    and     Your     Gardener 

Will  be  losers  indeed  if  you  and  they  miss 
the    Important  and   Beautiful  Numbers  of 

THE  GARDEN 

that  are   to  appear  during  this  year. 


'Uhe  surest    and   simplest    Way  of  promptly  securing  a 
copy  of  every  issue  is    to  fill  up  the  form  printed  below. 


To  Messrs. 


for 


Newsagents, 

or  The   Manager,   "THE    GARDEN," 

20  Tavistock  Street,  London,  W.C.2. 
Please    send    me,     by    Post,    "The    Garden,"    for    which    I    enclose    Cheque    or  [P.O. O. 
being  Subscription  for   12  months  from  date. 


Name . • 
Address 


19 

Inland  Subscription,  Foreign  and   Colonial  Subscriptions.   17/4  per  annum;    6  months,  8'S,  includinsSPostage. 


June  4,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


LEAVER'S 


Patent 


Weed  Extractor 


himiHryTiiTfin 


Absolutely 

■                Full   particulars 

indispensable 

I                         and 

lo  everyone 

mk            illustrated  Circular 

who  has 

H                        with 

care  of  a  lawn. 

H           copies  of  testimonials 

H                   sent  free 

Will  last  a  lifetime. 

■               on  application. 

G.    H.    LEAVER    &    CO. 

46,  YORK  ROAD,  TUNBRIDGE  WELLS. 


NEPETA    MUSSINI.    glorious    lavender    flower,    grows 

anywhere.  6  plants  4/9. 
DIANTHUS    ALLWOODII.    10/6    dozen. 
ALPINE    and    ROCK   PLANTS   for   any   given   aspect. 

10/6  :  all  carriage  paid.    Cash. 

CATALOGUE     FREE. 

J.      TAUDEVIN, 

WILLASTON.    BIRKENHEAD.  


m  Ensure  being  in  time  for  the  Season  ^ 
I  ORDER     NOW  !  I 

IflERRYWEATHERS' 
I  WATERING  I 
I  HOSE  I 


Gardens 

Parks 

Garages 


Golf  Links 
Cricket  Grounds 
Tennis  Lawns 


"  The  Hose  I  had  from  you  ten 
years  ago  is  as  good  as  ever,  and 
likely  to  last  another  ten." 

'So  writes  a  Merryu-cather  Customer. 
Write  for  Samples  and  Prices: 

MERRYWEATHERS    &    SONS.    Ltd.. 

Dept.  C, 

63.  LonR  Acre.  London.  W.C. 


Beating   the   Blight 


The  safest  and  surest  remedy  for  Aphis 
(green  and  black  fly),  American  Blight, 
etc.,  and  mildew  on  roses  and  other  plants, 
is  Abol  Non-poisonous  Insecticide. 

It  also  invigorates  the  plants  and  leaves 
the  foliage  beautifully  clean  and  fresh. 

Abol  is  clean  and  wholesome  to  handle, 
has  no  unpleasant  smell  and  will  not 
damage  paintwork. 

J  pint,  1/5;  pint,  2/5;  quart,  4/-; 
i  gallon,  6/6;     gallon,  11/4. 

A  guide  to  garden  pests  will  be  sent  to 
anyone,  gratis  and  post  free. 

Abol  Insecticide,  Patent  Syringes 
(specially  recommended  by  the  National 
Rose  Society),  etc.,  are  sold  by  Nursery- 
men. Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.,  and 
made  by  Abol  Limited,  9,  Beltring, 
Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 

Abol 


8  Well— Lasts  Long 

Pluvex  Roofinit  Felt  a  (rreat  ino- 
provement  on  tarred  felt— ready  to 
lay  cleao  to  bantH* — no  paintinfi 
-tiine  and  weathar  proof.  Sold  by 
Haruware  Merehauta  OTerywhera. 

IPLFS     The  Ruberold  Co.,  Ltd. 
-:e.  (Dpt.5).  SI.Knightrider  St.. E.G. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA"    Lawn  Samd.  Soilfumc. 

N  icoriME.  Insecticides.  FuMERS. Sprays.  *KD  other  Chemicals 
*«o  SuNOwiEs    ztt^  UsT.  Please  ask  your  agekt  for  the  Eureka 

nCLES-THEV   ABE   ALWAYS   SATtSFACTDRT      \F  AKt   DIfFlCUtTY 
>.   OBTArMiNG    ^E   SEKO   DiCECT,     CAROlAGE   PAID 


.,anlr*4<resi:TDMLINS0NirH*YW*i>b  L"  Lincoln. 


A  Booklet  contain- 
ing  the  most 
Reliable  Qarden 
Requisites    for    the 


(( 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


n 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion of  Fruiti 
Flowers  and  Vege' 
tables    (post     free). 


SHADINGS 

AND 

BLINDS 


Cotton,  Canvas.  Scrim,  Tiffany  and 

Lath  Blinds. 
A.— White  Material,  S4in.,  3/-  ;   72in., 
4/-  yard  run.     No.  2,  Lighter  Mesh, 
S4in.,  2,3  ;  72in.,  3|4  yard  run. 
TiiTany.     No.    2,     single,    20yds.    by 
19;'-  a  piece.      Lath,  1/4  per  square  foot. 


GARDEN 
HOSE 

Guaranteed 
for  10  years. 


RHINOHIDE.     the     best     in    the   World. 

Inter,     diam.      *in.,     §in.,     lin.,     lin., 
119.    2,-.    2/4,    2/8 

per   foot    run,    in    60ft.    lengths,    pass, 
train.       Huge    Stocks.       Orders    same 
day  by  passenger  train. 
Large  range  of  Lawn  Sprinklers. 


LAW  N 
MOWERS 


Early  Delivery  this  Season.  Delivery 
now  of  the  "  Atco "  22  inch  Motor 
Mower.  £75  buys  one.  Write  for 
particulars.  Get  particulars  of  the 
1921  Marvel. 


NETTING 


strawberry  and  Wasp.  —  Selection 
"B."  lin.  Mesh.  25  by  8yds.,  37/- 
per  piece.  Also  Tennis.  Wire,  Melon 
and  Peach  Netting. 


SPRAYING 
MACHINES 


Only      Tested      Machines       offered. 

Get    a    '*  Holder-Harriden."        Both 

hands  free. 

\o.  1  Hand-Sprayer 40.- 

No.  5a  Knapsack       138/- 


CARRIAQE  PAID  ON  £1  ORDERS  AND  UPWARDS. 


"Le  Fruitier" 


THE  PERFECTION  OF  PLANT  FOOD. 
QUICK  YET  MILD  IN  ACTION.  EXCEL- 
LING IN  GRADATION.  THE  PREMIER 
PLANT      FOOD      OF      THIS     CENTURY. 

AS  SUPPLIED  to  the  ROYAL  GARDENS 

"EATON  GARDENS,  CHESTER. 
"I  must  admit  that  the  GRAPES,  PEACHES  and 

MELONS  at  the  Shrewsbury  show  were  Brown 
with  the  aid  of  'LE  FRUITIER.'  I  have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that  this  fruit  class  has 
been  one  of  the  hardest  and  keenest  prizes 
competed  for  in  my  time,  and  either  of  the 
placed  exhibits  were  well  u^orthy  of  a  first-class 
prize  anywhere. 

N.  F.  BARNES." 


Prices: 
36/-  cwt.,   19/-  Jcwt. 
6/.    14  lbs.,    3/6 


1  0/6  28  lbs., 
lbs.      Bags    Free. 


W">  WOOD  &  SON '° 


TELE 


(LATE     OF     WOOD     QREEN) 

PHONE     BURNHAM     79 

GRAMS      "GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,   1921. 


Jlilliiiiiillillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllliiliiliiiiiiiiii 

I  RYDERS  SEEDS 

:  OF 

I  TREES  AND  SHRUBS 

:  Amonjjst  very   many    rare    and    un- 

E  common  species,  Ryders  offer  seeds 

:  of    the    following :     Abies    concolor, 

:  Abies  concolor  violacea,Cephalotaxus 

:  driipacea,    C.    pedunculata,    Crypto- 

:  meria     Lobbii,    Juniperus    japonica, 

:  Larix   leptolepis,    Pinus    excelsa,    P. 

:  ponderosa,   P.  strobus,  Pseiidotsuga 

I  Doiiglasii,    Sequoia  gigantea,    Alnus 

\  cordifolia,  A.  incana,  Aralia  Sieboldii, 

I  A.  Moseri,  Arbutus  untdo,  Bcnthamia 

I  fragifera,   Berberis  concinna,  B.  ilici- 

i  folia,     Betula     papyrifera,     Buddlcia 

i  variabilis   and    BiiddK-ia   N'eitchii,   at 
6d.  per  packet  :   and  Azalea  indica, 

:  A.    Mollis,    A.    pontica,    and    choice 

i  mixed    hybrid    Azaleas    at    1  /-    per 

;  packet,  post  free. 


EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  I 

FROM      RYDERS.  = 

Seeds,    Bu  b?.    Plants,    Tools   and    alt    Garden  r 

Sundries.         Lists  Free.  — 

I    RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS  ^ 

:                                tiiydcr  .V-  s.iM  {f<i':o>.  iJii.i  r 

iiiii!!iiiniiii!iii!iii[iiiiniiiii[Hiiimiiimiiimiiiiniiinniiiii7 


EDDY'S     NETS 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS. 

For    Fruit    Protection.       Square    and  Diamond 
Mesh.      All   kinds  and  sizes. 

TENNIS     BOUNDARY     NETS. 

All   widths  and   lengths. 

TENNIS     NETS. 

Various  qualities. 

REPAIRED     NETS. 

All   sizes. 

NETS     FOR     ALL     PURPOSES. 


Satnfylcs  and   lAst  of  Prices  from   the  Manufacturers 

JOSEPH     BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
BARROW-ON-HUMBER. 

(Sole  Proprietors  of  B.  EDDY  &  SONS.) 


WOLVERHAMPTON  FLORAL  FETE, 

13th  &  14th  JULY,  1921. 
OVER    £1,000    IN     PRIZES. 

Schedules  from    the  Secretary, 
46,  Queen  St.,  Wolverhampton. 


THE  NATIONAL  VIOLA  &  PANSY  SOCIETY'S 

ANNUAL         EXHIBITION 

will  he  held  in  conjunction  with  the  above  Fete. 


H.  WOOLMAN.  802,  Stratford   Road,  Sparkhill,  Birmingham. 


APPLE  BLOSSOM 

(cnncludcl). 


The  Englisli  climate  favours 
our  national  taste  for 
gambling,  and  if  our  racers 
fatten  in  their  stables,  our 
pwters  can  make  a  book  on 
the  weather  of  the  week  after 
next.  It  is,  however,  fairly 
certain  that  the  later  an 
apj>le  floxvers  the  more 
certain  the  crop,  and  the 
followin  i  lilt  of  very  tardy 
floxcering  varieties  will  be 
useful  where  late  frosts  are 
feared.  For  cooking, "  Royal 
Jubilee"  and  '^King Edward 
7th  "  will  supply  us  during 
the  autumn  and  winter. 

The  dasert  clai>ns  "Court 
Pcndu  Plat,"  "  Heusgen's 
Reincttc"  and  "Orleans 
Reinette,"  all  x'ery  excellent, 
and  the  last  superlatively  so. 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


PEARSON'S  HOME-GROWN  DAFFODILS 

Order    now    and    avoid    disappointment. 

Five  of  the  following  were  exhibited  at  the  R.H.S.,  April  5th,  1921  (under  numbers),  and 
were  much  admired,  while  as  many  as  could  be  spared  were  disposed  of  to  the  trade.  Only  a 
few  bulbs  of  each  can  be  spared  this  season  to  retail  buyers. 

SEVEN       NOVELTIES       FOR       1921. 


1 


Golden  Emperor  (Pearson  1921). — A  glorious 
golden  yellow  trumpet  Daffodil  of  the  King 
Alfred  type.  Whole  flower  jins.  across  the 
perianth.  Segments  broad  and  overlapping 
but  having  an  elegant  twist  as  m  King  Alfred. 
Trumpet  ains.  long  by  ains.  across  the  mouth. 
Rim  of  trumpet  reflexed  and  beautifully 
serrated.  Stalk  i8ins.  to  aoins.  long.  Foliage 
long,  broad  and  abundant.  We  have  grown 
this  variety  for  several  years  and  it  has  shown 
no  sign  of  any  King  Alfred  weakness,  and  we 
believe  it  will  flourish  where  King  Alfred  fails. 

£2   2s.    per  Bulb. 

Lemon  Giant  (Pearson  1921). — A  remark- 
ably fine  trumpet  Daffodil  of  good  form  and 
a  pleasing  and  novel  colouring.  The  well 
formed  perianth  measures  sJins.  in  diameter, 
and  is  of  a  clear  light  lemon  tint.  The  trumpet 
is  primrose  yellow,  2ins.  long  by  2ins.  across 
the  mouth,  which  is  slightly  refle.xed  and 
prettily   serrated.      The   plant   is   very   strong 


with   broad   foliage,  and   the   flower  is   carried 
on  a  long  stalk. 

£2   2s.   per    Bulb. 

Thorkel  (Pearson  1921). — This  is  not  quite 
an  e.\hibition  flower,  but  will  make  a  grand 
garden  plant,  as  the  flower  is  borne  on  a 
long,  stiff  stem  and  shows  itself  off  to  the 
best  advantage.  The  flower,  which  is  of 
"  Emperor  "  colouring,  is  sins,  across.  The 
trumpet  is  2ins.  by  2jins.,  and  beautifully 
frilled  at  the  brim.  A  strong,  healthy  and 
vigorous  plant. 

15s.  per  Bulb. 

Thordis  (Pearson  1921). — This  is  the  result 
of  a  secondary  cross,  a  Giant  Leedsii  crossed 
with  a  trumpet  Daffodil.  The  result  is  a 
very  round,  well  formed  flower  with  white 
segments  and  deep  yellow  cup  of  a  distinct 
shade.  The  plant  is  extremely  vigorous, 
very  early  and  free  flowering.  Having  a  good 
stock,  we  are  able  to  offer  it  at  the  low  figure 
of  5s.  per  Bulb. 


Ben  Alder  (Brodie  of  Brodie). — A  very  fine 
yellow  trumpet  Daffodil  of  large  size  and  great 
vigour.  Not  quite  a  first-class  show  flower, 
but  a  grand  garden  plant.  A  very  strong 
grower.     Late. 

108.  per  Bulb. 

Waterloo  (Engleheart  1921). — A  very  fine 
trumpet  Daffodil,  its  great  value  bein^  its 
very  early  flowering  habit,  coming  into  bloom 
about  the  same  time  as  Golden  Spur.  The 
flower  is  very  large,  of  a  uniform  clear  luminous 
yellow',  very  long  in  the  stalk,  and  of  remarkable 
lasting  ciuality. 

10s.    per    Bulb. 

Sanctity  (Guy  L.  Wilson,  1921).  —  A 
distinct  and  \'ery  beautiful  Giant  Leedsii. 
The  whole  flower,  which  is  rather  pendulous, 
is  pure  white.  Cup  very  long  and  rather 
narrow.  A  very  refined  and  delicate-looking 
flower.  The  plant  produces  plenty  of  dark 
green  foliage,  and  is  very  healthy  and  vigorous. 
10s.    per    Bulb. 


Istab.      1782. 


N     &     SONS,     Ltd., 

LOWDHAM,      NOTTS. 


No.  2585— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[June  4,  1921. 


IT  is  estimated  that  the  number  of  visitors 
to  Chelsea  Show  this  year  constitutes  a 
record.  The  gate  money  certainly  exceeded 
that  of  any  previous  year,  but  in  this  con- 
nection it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  the 
price  of  admission  was  necessarily  greater.  The 
Show  was  favoured  by  three  brilliant  days  and 
provoked  universal  expressions  of  satisfaction. 
Most  visitors  found  the  tents,  and  even  the  open- 
air  exhibits,  a  little  too  attractive  to  others 
besides  themselves  !  Many  would-be  exhibitors 
were  disappointed  because  there  was  no  room 
for  them.  It  is  true  that  the  fault  was  their  own 
because  of  late  application,  but  their  admission 
would  have  meant  cm-tailment  of  space  allotted 
to  other  exhibitors  who  were  able 
to  make  good  use  of  their  oppor- 
tunities. This  congestion,  for 
visitor  and  exhibitor  alike,  indicates 
need  of  expansion.  Short  of  re- 
moval elsewhere — and,  frankly,  we 
know  no  more  suitable  centre — 
the  only  solution  seems  to  be  to 
include  Ranelagh  Gardens,  which 
adjoin  the  Hospital  grounds.  Any- 
how, we  trust  the  Council  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  will 
give  consideration  to  the  need 
for  extension,  not  only  in  order  to 
provide  for  the  comfort  and  con- 
venience of  visitors,  but  that  fuller 
advantage  may  be  taken  of  the 
valuable  teaching  afforded  by  the 
Show.  It  is  a  little  difficult,  as 
things  are,  to  mark,  learn  and 
inwardly  digest  when  one  is  over- 
jostled  by  others.  We  submit  that 
the  objects  of  the  Society  will  be 
more  completely  attained  if  fuller 
opportunity  is  given  at  the  annual 
Show  of  assimilating  the  lessons  it 
is  intended  to  teach.  Our  last  wish, 
in  making  these  suggestions,  is  to 
permit  even  the  semblance  of 
adverse  criticism  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  which  fuUy 
deserves  the  great  success  attained 
liy  the  1921   Show. 

The  Finest  Annual  at  Chelsea. — If  there 
was  one  annual  that  stood  out  above  all 
others  at  the  Chelsea  Show  it  was  surely  the 
Salpiglossis  shown  in  Messrs.  Sutton's  premier 
exhibit,  and  illustrated  on  our  front  cover.  The 
colours  varied  through  shades  of  yellow,  red  and 
purple,  and  the  richness  of  the  tinting  was  enhanced 
by  a  deeper  veining.  The  plants  shown  were  quite 
4ft.  in  height  and  made  a  grand  display  of  bloom. 

Protecting  Strawberries. — Early  varieties  on 

warm  liordi  rs  must  If  tliiiiiicd  a  little  if  large  fruits 
are  expected,  and  where  it  is  convenient  a  liberal 


soaking  of  diluted  farmyard  manure  water  will 
greatly  assist  in  the  swelling  of  the  fruits.  Sec  that 
the  straw  is  in  position  for  later  ones  before  fruits 
swell  much,  and  that  nets  are  erected  in  good  time, 
for  in  hot,  dry  weather  birds  will  often  attack 
the  green  fruits  for  moisture. 

Dwarf  Thymes.— Any  sunny,  well  drained  site 
in  the  rock  garden  or  close  to  the  margin  of  paths, 
where  they  are  apt  to  be  brushed  against  in  passing, 
suits  these  invaluable  little  carpeting  plants. 
Their  refreshing  and  pungent  scent  is  not  the  least 
among  their  attractions  and  it  is  only  when  touched 
that  this  becomes  apparent.  Any  ordinary  garden 
soil  will  serve  as  they  are  by  no  means  fastidious  in 
this  respect,   but  at  the  same  time  they  have  a 


ROSE    GOLDFINCH    COVERING    A    DISUSED    GATEPOST. 


marked  liking  for  leaf  mould  and  do  not  like  stagnant 
wet.  Varieties  are  fairly  numerous.  T.  azoricus,  a 
very  diminutive,  shrubby  species,  with  purple 
flowers ;  T.  carnosus,  also  shrubby,  but  grey 
leaved  and  erect  growing ;  T.  Chama?drys,  pale 
purple  and  very  fragrant ;  T.  Serpyllum  album, 
the  white  form  of  a  native  Thyme  ;  T.  S.  citri- 
odorus  aureus,  the  golden-leaved  Lemon  Thyme  ; 
T.  S.  lanuginosus,  a  good,  woolly-leaved  lilac- 
fiowered  ftirm,  are  all  worth  having. 

Sweet  Herbs. — A  little  bunch  of  sweet-smelling 
herbs  is  delightfully  refreshing  to  take  with  one  on 


a  summer  journey,  or  when  one  has  to  spend  time 
in  any  close  or  stuffy  place.  It  seems  to  bring  a 
reviving  breath  of  fresh  air.  I  make  my  bouquets 
of  Bay,  Rosemary,  Lavender  (green  sprigs  or 
bloom  according  to  the  season),  Burnet,  Verbena. 
Southernwood,Thyme,  Myrtle.  Balm  and  Bergamot; 
all  or  any  of  these.  I  carried  one  of  these  bunches 
from  the  North  of  r;ngland  to  Cologne  two  years 
ago  and  had  to  distribute  many  bits  to  my  envious 
fellow  travellers  !  Rosemary  is  perhaps  the  best 
herb  of  them  all.  Balm,  which  is  so  sweet  to  start 
with,  soon  loses  its  fragrance,  but  Burnet  as  it 
withers  gives  more  of  its  curious  cool  scent — R.  B. 
Pillar  Rose  Goldnnch.— Yellow  climbing  Roses 
arc  iiuiir  too  pli  iitiful.  Ijut  in  (Goldfinch  we  have  a 
good  climber  of  vigorous  constitu- 
tion that  is  being  planted  far  and 
wide.  The  flowers,  borne  on  long, 
arching  sprays,  are  deep  yellow  in 
the  bud,  changing  to  cream  when 
open.  In  the  accompanying  illus- 
tration it  is  seen  covering  up  an 
old  gatepost.  It  is  an  early 
summer-flowering  climber,  free  in 
growth  and  elegant  in  flower,  an 
excellent  subject  for  arches  and 
pillars. 

A  New  Iris  to  which  we  take 

exception, — The  Bearded  Irises  of 
June  have  an  old-world  charm, 
and  so  long  as  this  is  preserved 
we  have  no  fault  to  find  with  the 
hybridists,  but  there  is  a  tendency 
on  the  part  of  some  hybridists  to 
develop  the  size  of  the  flowers  at 
the  expense  of  grace  and  form. 
There  is  one  new  variety  to  which 
we  take  exception  —  it  is  named 
Clematis — in  which  the  standards 
of  the  flower  open  out  like  the  falls 
or  lower  petals.  The  flowers  appear 
like  those  of  a  large  six-petal 
-^  Clematis.     AH  six  segments  of  the 

gi^iEJ|H  flower  reflex  horizontally.     But  why 

Ji^HB  turn  half  a  flower  inside  out  ?      And 

why  produce  a  beard  on  petals 
on  which  there  should  be  no  beard  ? 
Does     not      the     Iris    owe    much 

of  its  chai.n  to  its  beautiful  curves  and  natural 

outline  of  its  flowers  ? 


FORTHCOMING     EVENT.S. 

June  6 — Nottingham  and  Notts  Chrysanthemum 
Society's  Meeting. 

June  7. — Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Fort- 
nightly Meeting  at  V'incent  Square,  Westminster 
(two  days).  Informal  Conference  on  Irises,  5  p.m. 
Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society's  .Meeting. 

June  8. — East  .\nglian  Horticultur.il  Society's 
Meeting. 


276 


THE    GARDEN. 


[June  4,  1921. 


Summer  Pruning  of  Trained 
Fruit  Trees 

[Summer  pruning  is  not  made  unnecessary  by  uinter  pruning  ; 
they  completnent  one  another.  Whether  from  ignorance  or  care- 
lessness it  has  been  tieglected.  the  results  are  the  same-  Sap  is 
allozced  to  run  to  waste,  branches  are  less  fruitful,  poorer  fruits 
are  gathered,  and  the  tree  loses  its  symmetrical  form.  Summer 
pruning  of  fruit  trees  is  an  operation  of  prime  importance,  more 
especially  in  the  case  of  trained  trees.  Mistakes  are  made  in 
summer  pruning,  as  in  all  other  gardening  operations ;  some 
prime  too  early  and  others  too  severely.  It  is  hoped  that  the 
timely  appearance  of  this  article  will  prove  helpful  to  those  who 
are  in  doubt  on  the  subject  of  smmner pruning. — Ed] 

THIS  is  a  good  time  to  prune  trained  trees 
of  any  liind  that  have  been  neglected. 
I  never  yet  saw  any  ill  effects  arise  from 
pruning  when  the  trees  were  in  active 
growth,  as  cuts  made  then  heal  rapidly  ; 
and  stone  fruits  may  be  thinned  out  to  any  extent 
without  fear  of  bringing  on  gumming  and  other 
evils  that  follow  a  free  use  of  the  knife  in  winter 
or  spring.  In  fact,  in  the  case  of  Peaches,  Necta- 
rines, Apricots,  Cherries,  and  Plums,  on  open  walls 
or  under  glass.  I  like  to  do  most  of  the  cutting 
required  for  the  year  between  the  middle  of  May 
and  the  middle  of  June,  as  then  one  can  thin  out 
the  crop  of  fruit  and  all  exhausted  or  fruitless 
wood  at  the  same  time,  thereby  diverting  the 
whole  energies  of  the  tree  to  maturing  the  crop, 
or  ripening  the  current  year's  wood,  as  upon  that 
depends  greatly  the  success  or  faUure  of  the  next 
year's  crop. 

Apricots,  owing  to  their  earliness,  should  be 
taken  in  hand  first ;  as  they  bear  well  on  the  spur 
system,  it  is  best  to  leave  a  fair  proportion  of 
spurs  on  the  tree,  but  not  in  the  way  one  too  often 
finds  them,  viz.,  sticking  out  like  horns  a  foot  or 
more  away  from  the  wall,  from  which  the  fruit  in 
that  case  can  receive  but  little  benefit.  The  finest 
fruit  is  either  borne  on  the  preceding  year's  growth, 
or  the  spurs  that  have  been  kept  in  quite  close  to 
support.  On  examining  trees  but  slightly  pruned, 
I  find  that  most  of  the  long  spurs  have  one  or  more 
growing  buds  at  the  base,   though  weak  through 


being  overshadowed 
by  leaves  and  shoots 
at  the  tips  of  the 
spurs.  Now,  if  these 
old  spurs  are  cut 
back  to  these  wealdy 
bu  d  s,  they  will 
quickly  strengthen 
and  probably  be 
fruitful  next  year, 
after  which  they 
must  be  kept  close 
in  by  timely  pinch- 
ing early  in  summer. 
As  a  rule  Apricots 
are  thicldy  set  this 
year,  but  do  not  be 
tempted  to  leave  too 
many.  The  fruit,  if 
evenly  distributed 
over  the  tree,  should 
be  at  least  6ins. 
apart ;  the  green 
fruits,  taken  oft" 
before  the  stones  are 
hard,  make  excellent 
tarts.  Look  out 
sharply  for  the 
caterpillar    or     grub 


tCSi-'^Si^a^STJ^ 


THE    RESULT    OF    SUMMER    PRUNING. 


that  rolls  itself  up  in  the  leaves ;   hand-pick    and 
wash    the    trees    frequently.      One   of   the     great 


drawbacks  to  Apricot  culture  is  the  liabiUty  of 
shoots,  and  even  large  branches,  to  die  ofi 
suddenly  as  if  paralysed — a  branch  being 
healthy,  and  perhaps  full  of  fruit  one 
day,  and  the  next  drooping  and  dying, 
and  no  remedy  or  very  correct  explana- 
tion of  the  cause  has  yet  been  offered. 
On  this  account  the  fan  form  of  training 
is  most  in  favour  ;  as  soon  as  a  branch 
faUs  it  is  cut  out  and  the  remaining  ones 
are  spread  out  to  fill  up  the  gap. 
The  spurs  of  a  well-managed  Apricot 
ought  never  to  project  more  than  2ins. 
from  the  wall ;  close  training  is  the  best 
safeguard  against  frost,  and  certainly 
produces  the  finest  fruit.  In  short, 
show  no  mercy  to  long  spurs,  and  rest 
not  untU  the  last  one  is  shortened. 

Cherries  of  most  of  the  dessert 
kinds,  such  as  May  Duke,  and  Black 
Circassian,  grown  on  sunny  aspects, 
are  among  the  earliest  of  dessert  wall 
fruits,  and  in  some  places  are  highly 
prized,  but  unless  great  care  as  regards 
pruning  is  exercised,  they  are  liable  to 
produce  long  horny  spurs,  on  which, 
from  want  of  a  supply  of  young  wood 
they  bear,  in  the  case  of  old  trees  at 
least,  most  of  their  crop.  It  is  somewhat 
difficult  to  get  such  trees  into  good 
condition.  But  as  finer  fruit  is  borne 
on  young  wood,  no  pains  should  be 
spared  to  secure  every  young  pliable 
shoot,  and  to  remove  either  partially  or 
wholly  a  corresponding  number  of  old 
CORDON  FRUIT  TREES  ON  PERGOLAS  WILL  REQUIRE  SUMMER  PRUNING  'WHEN  THE  FRUIT  HAS  FORMED.         hard  spurs.    Prune  off  at  once  aU  fruitless 


June  4,  1921. 


THE    GARDEN. 


277 


spurs,  and  as  soon  as  the  crop  is  gathered  go  over 
the  trees  again.  Not  the  least  among  the  advan- 
tages of  having  the  fruit  and  foliage  close  to 
the  support  is  the  fact  that  when  aphides  or  other 
insect  pests  attacli  the  trees,  the  engine  can  be 
made  to  act  on  them  much  more  effectively  than 
when  the  spurs  stand  out  in  a  semi-wild  state. 
MoreUo  Cherries  bear  their  crop  mostly  on  wood 
of  the  preceding  year,  and  any  that  is  fruitless 
may  now  be  cut  out  to  make  room  for  young 
growths  coming  on  from  the  base.  We  use  tough 
Birch  twigs  for  fastening  the  shoots  to  the  support, 
slipping  the  ends  in  behind  two  stout  branches 
The  Morello  suffers  much  more  than  any  other 
Cherry  from  overcrowding  ;  therefore  thin  out  the 
branches  well  now ;  the  produce  wiU  be  large 
and  fleshy,  and  the  trees  will  require  but  little 
pruning  next  winter. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines  are  by  many  con- 
sidered to  be  hopeless  fruits  on  open  supports,  but 
there  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  possibility  of 
growing  good  crops  where  the  requisite  time  and 
labour  can  be  bestowed  on  them  at  this  usually 
busy  season  of  the  year,  and  no  fruit  trees  that 
are  culrtivated  ai-e  more  benefited  by  judicious 
summer  pruning  than  are  these.  Presuming  that 
the  garden  engine  has  been  vigorously  applied 
and  disbudding  attended  to,  both  fruits  and 
shoots  will  now  be  ready  for  final  thiiming. 
Proceed  by  unfastening  and  removing  with  a  sharp 
knife  all  fruitless  or  weakly  wood,  cutting  back 
to  a  young  shoot  of  the  current  years  growth, 
that  will  be  trained  to  the  support  as  the  season 
advances.  Be  always  sure  to  keep  the  lower  parts 
of  the  tree  well  fiDed  with  young  wood,  the  ten- 
dency of  which  is  to  rush  to  the  top  of  the  support. 
An  equal  balance  of  leaf- growth  is  a  great  point, 
to  aim  at  in  fruit  trfee  culture.  Keep  the  engine 
well  plied  to  encourage  growth,  which  should  not 
be  fastened  too  tightly  to  the  support  for  some  time 
to  come.  Mulch  the  roots  with  partially  decayed 
manure,  and  water  liberally  when  the  fruit  is 
swelling. 

Plums  of  various  sorts  grown  on  supports  are 
about  the  easiest  of  all  fruit  trees  to  cultivate. 
Not  being  so  tender  as  the  preceding.  Plums  escape 
many  of  the  ills  from  which  these  suffer,  but  the 
same  remarks  apply  to  cutting  in  the  spurs 
and  training  the  young  wood,  as  in  the  case  of 
Peaches  and  Nectarines.  They  bear  both  on  spurs 
and  on  the  preceding  year's  wood,  and  the  spurs 
should  never  be  allowed  to  extend  more  than  from 
2ins.  to  3 ins,  from  the  supports.  The  Early  Orleans, 
Goliath,  Kirke  s,  Jefferson's,  Green  Gage,  andCoes 
Golden  Drop  are  well  worth  a  place  on  supports 
as  dessert  fruits. 

Apples.— Summer  pruning  is  best  left  until 
the  beginning  of  August,  because,  if  carried  out 
before  this,  secondary  growth  will  be  made  which 
has  to  be  removed,  thus  causing  unnecessary 
labour.  Summer  pruning,  if  carried  out  in  August, 
enables  the  buds  below  to  swell  and  lay  the 
foundation  of  fruit  spurs.  'Young  shoots  require 
thinning  to  preserve  the  beauty  of  the  trees  and 
to  ensure  good  fruits.  Remove  all  superfluous 
growths  and  ill-placed  shoots.  If,  however,  a 
tree  is  inclined  to  luxuriancy,  it  is  advisable  to 
retain  as  many  regular  shoots  as  can  be  con- 
veniently trained,  so  as  to  divide  and  exhaust 
the  too  abundant  sap.  At  the  time  mentioned 
all  new  growth,  except  the  main  extension  growths, 
should  be  pinched  back  to  an  average  of  six  buds 
(generally  approximating  to  4ins.  to  6ins.  from 
the  base). 

Pears  are  frequently  unfruitful  on  walls,  while 
on  espaliers  they  bear  excellent  crops  ;  yet  we 
set  our  losses  down  to  spring  frosts.  My  impression 
is  that  the  wood  is  left  much  too  thick  and  that 
the  buds  do  not  get  properly  ripened.  If  the 
old  spurs  are  left  year  after  year  unthinned,  they 


present  a  solid  mass  of  foliage  that  keeps  the  sun' s 
rays  from  the  support  ;  consequently  the  more 
open  espalier,  or  even  standard,  gets  its  buds  better 
matured  than  those  on  a  support.  Try,  in  the 
case  of  a  few  trees,  cutting  out  half  the  spurs  on 
which  there  is  no  fruit.  They  wUl  break  again 
at  the  base,  and  next  year  cut  out  the  other  half. 
Plenty  of  flower-buds  will  soon  be  formed.  No 
fruit  tree  occupies  so  much  space  to  no  purpose  as 
the  Pear ;  a  few  stray  fruits  on  the  points  of  the 
shoots,  where  the  wood  is  free  from  old,  hard, 
knotty  spurs,  may  sometimes  be  seen,  and  that  is 
all  Now  is  the  time  to  let  daylight  and  the 
fructifying  rays  of  the  sun  in  among  them.  With 
a  sharp,  strong  knife  and  a  small  fine-toothed 
saw  thin  out  all  old  fruitless  sprays,  treat  the  trees 
liberally  as  to  mulching  and  watering,  for  it  is 
poverty  rather  than  over-richness  of  soil  which 
renders  them  sterUe.  Try  this  plan  at  least  three 
years  and  carefully  note  the  result. 

Figs  on  open  supports  are  greatly  benefited  by 
summer  pruning.  Now,  when  one  can  discern 
which  fruits  will  swell  up  and  which  not,  the 
useless  wood  can  be  cut  away  entirely,  and  the 
points  of  shoots  that  are  bearing  fruit  stopped 
unless  required  to  extend  as  leaders,  for  in  the  open 
air  it  is  only  the  crop  that  is  formed  at  the  tips 
of  the  preceding  year's  growth  that  is  of  any  use, 
at  least,  as  regards  ripening.  The  leaves  of  the 
Fig  being  large,  it  follows  that  the  wood  must  be 
kept  proportionately  thin,  as  it  takes  all  the  sun- 
heat  we  can  get  in  ordinary  summers  to  ripen 
the  fruit.  Therefore  all  weakly  shoots  should  be 
removed  as  early  in  June  as  possible.  Tie  the 
bearing  shoots  in  lightly  to  the  main  branches  so 
that  the  fruit  may  get  the  benefit  of  sun-heat. 

Gooseberries  and  Currants  when  grown  on 
supports  must  have  the  fore- right  shoots  pinched  at 
mid-summer,  for  if  left  on  full  length,  all  the 
under  leaves  drop  off,  and  the  fruit  does  not  keep 
so  well  as  when  shortened  early  in  the  season. 
Above  all  things,  promote  clean,  healthy  growth 
in  the  case  o£  young  wood  that  is  destined  to 
carry  future  crops.  Keep  the  foliage  clean  and 
healthy,  and  so  disposed  by  pruning  and  training 
that  every  leaf  ge's  the  full  benefit  of  all  the 
sunlight.  James  Groom. 


some  of  the  reliable  artificial  manures.  Feedmg 
is  not  started  till  the  plants  are  blooming 
very  well,  otherwise  it  is  inclined  to  make  the 
plants  run  to  leaf  and  stem.  When  they  are 
flowering,  blooms  are  cut  nearly  every  day,  for 
by  this  means  the  strength  of  the  plants  is  greatly 
conserved.  If  seed-pods  are  allowed  to  form, 
the  plants  are  greatly  weakened,  as  is  shown  by 
the  immediate  reduction  in  the  number  of  blooms 
per  stem.  E.  T.  Ellis. 


TYING  SWEET  PEAS 

There  will  be  plenty  of  work  among  Sweet  Peas 
for  some  months  now  if  they  are  grown  on  the 
single  stem  system  up  Bamboo  canes.  The 
plants  have  been  out  some  time  and  are  growing 
rapidly,  and  it  behoves  gardeners  to  see  to  it 
that  each  stem  is  constantly  tied  up.  In  the 
early  stages  I  find  it  necessary  to  give  a  tie  for 
every  ains.  of  growth,  for  the  stems  easily  snap 
off  in  this  stage,  and  then  time  is  lost.  Later  on, 
when  they  are  making  very  thick  stems,  a  tie 
every  6ins.  or  gins,  is  enough.  Raffia  or  raffia 
tape  is  a  good  material  to  use,  and  do  not  tie  too 
tightly  or  the  stems  will  be  cut. 

I  find  it  most  important  to  go  round  frequently 
for  the  purpose  of  disbudding.  All  tendrils  and 
side  shoots  are  removed,  and  only  one  stem,  not 
two  stems,  is  run.  I  do  not  allow  my  plants 
to  flower  till  they  reach  a  height  of  4ft.  to  5ft.  ; 
until  then  all  flower  stems  are  pinched  out.  Also 
if,  after  that,  stems  bearing  one  or  two  flower 
buds  each  are  stiU  thrown  up,  they  are  pinched 
out  before  the  flowers  open,  for  it  is  a  sure  sign 
that  the  plants  are  not  yet  strong  enough  to 
bear  bloom. 

The  ground  they  are  grown  in  is  regularly 
stirred,  and  a  specijd  look-out  kept  for  basal 
shoots  which  are  at  once  nipped  out.  Watering 
is   done   thoroughly   if   at   all,    and   feeding   with 


THE    GARDEN    OF    A 
TIRED    MAN 

I  H.WE  read  and  re-read  with  much  appreciation 
the  article  on  the  evening  garden  in  your  last 
week's  issue.  I  am  unable  and  unqualified  to 
answer  all  the  questions  raised,  but  "  P.  H." 
would  do  well  to  devote  his  garden  mainly  to 
fragrant  flowers.  Evidently  fragrance  appeals  to 
him  as  music  does  to  others.  I  know 
from  experience  that  there  is  nothing  like 
fragrance  to  put  one  in  a  good  temper  and 
at  peace  with  all  the  world.  Who,  for  instance, 
could  be  in  anything  other  than  a  good  mood 
with  the  sweet  fragrance  of  Night-scented  Stock, 
Rosemary  and  China  Roses  ?  The  Myrtle, 
Sweet  Bay,  Lavender,  Thymes  and  Alecost  should 
all  find  a  place  in  the  garden  of  the  tired  man. 
Doubtless  there  are  many  other  plants  besides 
these  and  the  Honeysuckle  that  should  be  grown, 
I  am  afraid  this  is  not  a  very  helpful  letter,  but 
on  the  principle  that  every  little  helps  I  venture 
to  send  it  to  you.  If  a  great  many  of  your 
readers  send  what  suggestions  they  can,  out  of 
their  trifling  contributions  an  evening  garden 
of  great  beauty  and  restfulness  might  be 
evolved.  L.   M.  W. 

"P.  H.'s"  idea  of  an  evening  garden  is 
very  charming.  It  must  appeal  to  every- 
one who  feels,  as  I  often  do,  a  sense  of 
stram  from  being  any  length  of  time  in  strong 
sunlight.  When  the  dusk  begins  to  fall  a 
new  delight  in  life  out  of  doors  comes  to  me, 
and  I  find  hours  spent  in  the  dreamy  moonlit 
garden  with  some  chosen  friend  the  loveliest  of 
the  summer-time.  But  he  has  forgotten  one 
thing  which  the  evening  garden  simply  must 
have  if  the  Tired  Man  is  to  find  it  all  he  desires. 
And,  in  passing,  why  "  Tired  Man,"  in  these  days 
when  most  people  put  their  shoulders  to  the 
wheel — at  least,  in  the  middle  classes  :  I  feel 
sure  that  your  nice,  thoughtful,  hard-working, 
beauty-loving  man  is  middle  class.  The  memory 
of  many  lovely  evenings  in  starlit  night-scented 
gardens,  followed  by  dismal  days  when  the  whole 
world  showed  grey  green  and  hideous,  looked 
at  with  a  bad  cold  in  the  head,  and  the  groaniugs 
of  older  folks  who  had  contracted  "  a  touch  of 
sciatica "  filled  the  air,  leads  me  to  plead  with 
the  Tired  Man  on  no  account  to  do  without  a 
large  garden-house  in  which  to  take  his  rest 
when  the  dew  begins  to  fall.  From  this  shelter 
he  will  be  able  to  enjoy  his  evening  garden  right 
on  till  bedtime  (if  he  is  not  tempted  to  sleep 
there)  with  no  risk  of  a  run  on  the  handkerchief 
drawer  or  the  liniment  bottle  on  the  morrow. 
It  could  be  lighted  by  a  simple  lamp  and  become 
really  the  rest-house  of  the  evening  garden.  It 
would  do  away  with  all  suggestion  of  selfish- 
ness, too,  for  the  Tired  Man's  daughter,  and 
perhaps  a  friend,  could  sit  in  the  rest-house 
while  he  was  gardening  They  would  not 
mind  ! — O.nly  Girl. 


278 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,  1921. 


Some   Effects   of   Drought 
Upon    Evergreens 

The   Curious   Behaviour   of  Rhododen- 
drons, Camellias  and  other  Shrubs. 

FOR  a  long  time  1  had  been  puzzled  by 
what  appeared  to  be  the  ravages  of  some 
caterpillar  among  Rhododendron  and 
other  evergreens.  The  leaves  appeared 
to  have  had  holes  punched  out  of  them 
either  at  the  edges  or  between  the  latter  and  the 
midrib.  Many  experts  declared  these  clean-cut 
bites  to  be  the  work  of  caterpillars,  but  no  creature 
of  that  description  could  I  ever  discover  either  by 
night  or  day.  Then  my  doubt  of  the  caterpillar 
theory  was  strengthened  when  the  discovery  was 
made  that  the  leaves  of  a  Camellia  Donckelaari 
(in  the  open)  were  being  treated  in  the  same  way. 
Earwigs  and  woodlice  were  suspected,  of  course, 
but  since  I  could  never  find  either  one  or  the 
other  a  few  of  the  leaves  were  sent  to  Kew  for 
examination. 

The  verdict  I  received  will  not  be  news  to  some 
readers  of  this  paper.  But  there  may  be  others 
who,  like  myself,  are  still  groping  for  "  light — 
more  light"  who  may  be  interested  to  learn 
that  these  leaf-punctures,  which  one  may  see  in 
almost  any  shrubberj-.  are  self-inflicted  by  the 
plant.  The  latter,  feeling  that  life  is  not  going 
well  with  it,  isolates  certain  portions  of  its  leaf 
areas  by  means  of  a  layer  of  cork  cells,  and  these, 
being  cut  off  from  the  supply  of  sap,  drop  out. 
leaving  the  curious  holes  alluded  to.  Why  the 
plant  adopts  this  "  biting  off  your  nose  to  spite 
your  face "  policy  is  not  always  clear,  but  it  is 
very  evident  that  it  has  good  reason  for  tlie 
practice. 

In  my  own  case  I  believe  the  fundamental 
cause  to  be  drought,  not  necessarily  root  dryness 
alone,  but  excessive  leaf  evaporation.  The 
shrub,  feeling  that  it  is  subjected  to  more  drjmess 
than  it  can  comfortably  withstand,  cuts  out  some 
of  its  leaf  areas,  and  by  so  doing  endeavours  to 
check  evaporation  and  so  restore  that  nice  adjust- 
ment whicli  must  exist  between  absorption  and 
respiration  in  the  economic  well  being  of  a  healtliy 
shrub.  It  is  well  known  how  Rhododendrons, 
especially  some  Himalayans,  droop  their  leaves 
when  subjected  to  a  parching  east  wind  so  as  to 
retard  evaporation.  Here,  on  my  dry  bank. 
I  have  noticed  that  these  shrubs  not  only  part 
with  portions  of  their  leafage,  so  as  to  give  what 
remains  a  better  chance  of  survival,  but  they 
often  form  lines  of  cork  cells  parallel  to  the  midrib 
of  the  leaves.  This  causes  the  latter  to  curl 
inwards,  as  well  as  to  droop,  and  it  seems 
probable  that  this  action  is  but  a  phase  of 
the  same  phenomenon,  another  style  in  self- 
preservation. 

These  facts  and  assumptions  naturally  open  a 
wide  field  for  thought  on  the  subject  of  evapora- 
tion in  evergreens,  and  I  cannot  help  thinking 
that  it  is  one  to  which  the  average  gardener  pays 
insufficient  attention,  more  especially  as  regards 
newly  planted  shrubs.  Why,  for  instance,  do 
Hollies  so  often  die  if  planted  in  winter  ?  Because 
the  evaporation  at  their  leaf  pores  is  greater  than 
their  powers  of  absorption.  Yet  by  cutting  back 
that  Holly — if  you  catch  it  at  the  right  time — 
it  will  often  break  out.  Tliis  because  you  have 
disposed  of  the  leaf  surface  which  was  exhausting 
the  plant  and  at  the  same  time  conserved  and 
stimulated  sap  energy  by  concentrating  it  to  a 
given  limited  area  instead  of  allowing  it  to  be 
dissipated  feebly  over  the  whole  of  the  branches. 
It  is  the  same  with  many  conifers  which,  because 


they  cannot  be  cut  back.  are.  or  should  be,  planted 
in  spring,  when  they  are  just  breaking  into  activity 
and  conditions  are  most  genial. 

There  are  evergreens,  notably  Elaeagnuses, 
many  Ericas,  conifers  and  some  Kalmias.  which, 
when  just  planted,  will  endeavour  to  rectify 
matters  by  dropping  a  number  of  their  leaves 
while  perfectly  green,  this  again,  one  may  presume, 
being  but  another  mode  of  that  self-preservation 
above  mentioned.  But  the  Holly  cannot  part 
with  its  leaves  nor  the  Broom  with  its  branches 
which  serve  as  leaves,  hence  tlieir  slow  and  miser- 
able death  unless  the  surgical  knife  of  the  gardener 
comes   to   their   aid.     If   these   hard-leaved   ever- 


greens were  able  to  drop  their  foliage  when  trans- 
planted or  during  hot  sunshine,  with  the  cunning 
of  a  Cabbage  all  might  be  well.  But  too  often 
they  are  helpless.  With  no  means  of  checking 
the  evaporation  which  is  gradually  destroying 
them,  with  no  damp  "  ball  of  soil "  to  balance 
that  dissipation,  they  are  in  most  instances  bound 
to  succumb. 

Of  course  we  know  what  tlie  moral  of  all  tliis  is. 
viz,,  "  a  good  ball  of  soil."  frequent  waterings  in 
summer,  and  so  on.  But  I  rather  think  that  if 
the  average  amateur  were  to  realise  the  why  and 
the  wherefore  of  these  things  he  might  often 
avoid  disappointment  and  loss,    A.  T.  Johnson. 


Improving    the    Colour    of    Peaches 

The  Importafice  of  Regulating  both  Air  and  Light. 


NEARLY  all  the  varieties  may  be  richly 
coloured  if  the  fruits  are  properly 
treated.  Those  of  a  few  varieties  are 
naturally  pale  in  colour  when  grown 
under  really  ideal  conditions.  But  the 
great  majority  should  possess  that  deep  crimson 


stage  being  too  tender  to  withstand  the  sudden 
heat- 
All  the  fruits  possible  should  be  fully  exposed 
to  the  light  and  sunshine  when  they  are  about 
the  size  of  Barcelona  nuts.  Those  so  treated 
quickly  assume  a  deep  brownish  red  colour,  which 


PEACH    FRUITS     FROM    THEIR    EARLIEST     STAGE    SHOULD    BE    FULLY    EXPOSED    TO    THE 
SUNSHINE      BY      TYING     UP     THE     SHOOTS     AND      PREVENTING     THE      LEAFAGE      FROM 

COVERING    THE     FRUITS. 


flush  which  is  so  desirable  and  so  enhances  the 
value  of  the  individual  fruits. 

The  ideal  conditions  are  those  which  include 
a  well  placed  glass  structure,  healthy  tre'es,  fruits 
properly  stoned  and  exposed  to  the  maximum 
amount  of  sunshine  from  the  time  of  setting  till 
they  are  ripe. 

Too  often  one  finds  really  nice  specimens  hidden 
away  under  a  thick  covering  of  leaves,  where  they 
remain  till  the  last  stage  of  ripening  begins  and 
then  they  are  suddenly  fully  exposed  to  the 
sun's  rays  and  are  marred  in  consequence, 
through     burning,     the    skin     at     this     advanced 


gradually  spreads  almost  all  over  the  fruit  and 
when  the  latter  is  nearly  ripe  it  presents  a  most 
attractive  appearance,  being  of  a  deep  rich  crimson 
red  colour. 

.Amateur  cultivators  need  not  hesitate  to  so 
expose  their  fruits  while  small  and  leave  them  thus 
till  quite  ripe  ■  those  specimens  so  treated  will  not 
burn  nor  scald  if  the  ventilation  of  the  structure 
be  duly  attended  to. 

It  is  those  fruits  which  aie  unduly  shaded 
and  then  suddenly  exposed  to  full  sunlight 
that  are  so  liable  to  be  spoiled  by  burning  as 
well  as  lack  of  colour.  Geo.  Garner. 


June  4,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


279 


More   About   the    Great   Show 

We  make  no  apology  for  giving  a  further  instalment  of  the  comtnents  of  our  Special  Correspondents.      Letters  received  from 
readers  who  were  unable  to  go  to  Chelsea  show  clearly  that  our  new  plan  is  thought  generally  helpful. 

THE    ROCK    GARDENS 

The  lessons  to  be  learnt  in  the  rock  garden  section 
at  Chelsea  were  perhaps  more  pronounced  than 
at  any  previous  exhibition  of  the  same  nature. 
Taking  the  tliree  premier  exhibits  as  examples, 
nothing  could  be  more  diverse  in  character  than 
the  treatment  introduced  by  Tucker,  Wallace  and 
Symons-Jeune.  These  exhibits  each  represented 
a  type  quite  distinct  from  the  others,  and  all 
were  excellent  examples  of  the  type.  Wallace's 
were  excluded  from  the  Daily  Graphic  Cup  Com- 
petition under  the  rule  that  prevents  a  competitor 
holding  it  two  years  in  succession,  a  rule,  by  the 
way,  that  was  suspended  from  1915  until  the 
present  year.  The  judges  must  have  found  it 
exceedingly  difficult  to  decide  the  fractional 
points  that  entitled  Mr.  Tucker  to  take  the  Cup 
in  the  presence  of  the  third  of  the  trio  of  gold  medal 
awards,  Mr.  Symons-Jeune.  It  would  not  have 
been  surprising  if  the  unusual  had  happened, 
so  far  as  Chelsea  Show  is  concerned,  and  a  tie 
had  been  declared  between  these  two  competitors. 
There  was,  however,  just  the  little  more  that  is  so 
much,  in  the  clever  restraint  of  planting  the  less 
complex  arrangement,  and  a  neater  finish  in  Mr. 
Tucker's  garden  that  justified  the  award.  A 
competition  so  keen  is  the  spice  of  life  to  those 
engaged  in  it  and  a  fortunate  circumstance  for  the 
public  who  thus  see  each  man's  work  at  its  beist. 

From  the  point  of  view  of  the  public  desiring 
education  it  is  best  to  try  to  draw  comparison 
between  these  two  efforts.  Two  different  lime- 
stones were  used.  One  apparently  the  Westmor- 
land grey  rock  that  seems  to  be  the  favourite. 
since  so  many  competitors  use  it.  The  other,  a 
much  more  difficult  stone  from  the  Mendip  Hills. 
Tucker  had  the  advantage  in  this  respect,  as  his 
stone  is  bound  to  produce  a  pleasing  effect  if  it  is 
only  used  in  the  parallel  lines  in  which  it  is  found 
and  on  which  it  is  formed.  Nevertheless,  this 
effect  can  be  much  enhanced  by  skilful  use.  The 
Cheddar  (Mendip)  stone,  on  the  other  hand, 
is  so  diverse  in  its  character  and  shape  that  it  is 
difficult    to    recognise    exactly    which    is    "  bed " 


tucker's      ROCK      GARDEN. 


and  which  is  "  face,"  Both  competitors  took  the 
fullest  advantage  of  the  peculiarities  of  the  stone  ; 
one  in  adhering  strictly  to  the  obvious  lines  laid 
down  by  nature,  the  other  in  freely  breaking  away 
from  all  sense  of  stratification  where  his  work 
demanded  it,  Tucker's  effort  was  simple,  just  a 
pretty  rock-faced  elevation  from  which  issued  a 
tiny  spring  that  collected  in  a  little  stream  at  the 
base  of  the  rock  and  meandered  away  among  the 
broken  rocks  on  the  lower  level.  The  treatment 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  water,  both  as  regards 
formation  and  planting,  was  delightfully  cool 
and  green,  such  slight  touches  of  colour  as  were 
introduced  being  effectively  used.  The  remainder 
of  this  little  rock  garden  was  planted  carefully, 
with  an  obvious  effort  to  keep  the  right  plants  in 
the  right  places,  and  above  all  tilings,  not  to  over- 
plant.  It  was  owing  to  this  fact  that  the  slightly 
greater  success  was  achieved.     To  go  into  details  of 


SYMONS-JEUNE  S      EXHIBIT. 


planting  here  would  be  wearisome  as  it  can  better 
be  dealt  with  under  another  heading,  but  there  was 
just  one  point  in  the  planting  that  was  pronouncedly 
different,  and  better  than  Mr.  Symons-Jeune's. 
It  was  in  the  background  created  by  a  judicious 
use  of  suitable  evergreens.  Such  an  introduction 
gives,  by  suggestion,  depth  and  breadth  to  the 
picture,  as  a  whole,  and  one  feels,  as  it  were,  the 
Pine  belt  on  tl  is  miniature  mountain  side  creeping 
towards  the  edge  of  the  little  cliff  and  suggesting 
greater  things  beyond  the  Pines.  Mr.  Symons- 
Jeune  omitted  this  suggestion  altogether  and  trusted 
to  the  background  of  deciduous  shrubs  existing 
on  the  bank,  which  were  not  sufficiently  substantial 
for  his  pui'pose  and  left  a  sense  of  lack  of  finish 
about  the  upper  portions  of  his  work  that  is  to  be 
regretted. 

The  better  the  work  the  more  pronounced 
is  any  sense  of  incompleteness  about  it.  The 
scheme,  or  one  might  almost  call  it  the  theme, 
in  this  case  was  very  different.  Here  was  a  bit 
of  rugged  mountain  side,  jagged,  torn,  excoriated 
by  the  action  of  avalanche  and  torrent ;  a  miniature 
"  burn "  hurled  its  way  from  ledge  to  ledge, 
tearing  out  a  deep  channel  in  its  course  that 
terminated  in  a  deep  mountain  pool.  Two  points 
struck  me  in  looking  at  this  picture  painted  with 
rock  and  water.  One  that,  although  the  concep- 
tion was  good,  the  viewing  point  was  badly 
managed,  and  a  dramatic  exhibit  therefore  lost 
much  of  its  dramatic  effect.  The  stream  should 
have  flowed  from  left  to  right,  and  not  from  right 
to  left.  The  second  was  that  after  putting  in  some 
skilful  drawing  the  designer  subordinated  faithful- 
ness to  nature  to  an  effeminate  desire  for  pretty 
colour  combinations.  This  colour  schenring  can 
be  carried  too  far  in  rock  gardening.  You  do  not 
file  ofi  the  harsh  edges  of  the  stones  to  get  perfect 
contoui-s,  and  if  the  colour  is  a  little  harsh  and 
wild  it  is  more  in  keeping  with  the  spirit  of  such 
efforts.  WTiat  is  more,  this  rock  garden  was  over- 
planted,  even  for  a  garden. 

I  now  turn  to  the  third  gold  medal  cxliibit  in 
this  class,  that  of  Wallace  and  Co,  I  need  not 
recall  the  past  successes  of  this  firm  except  for  the 
purpose  of  comparison,  but  believe  that  they  have 
never   produced   a   finer   example   of   construction 


280 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,  1921. 


than  was  achieved  in  this  instance.  The  theory 
on  which  the  scheme  was  developed  was  obvious 
to  anyone  who  has  studied  the  effect  of  time  and 
water  acting  on  roclis.  Standing  at  the  entrance 
one  beheld  a  still,  shallow  pool  the  bed  of  which 
was  besprinkled  with  broken  rock,  evidence  of  the 
effect  of  water  on  the  disintegrating  stone,  bringing 
down  fragments  from  the  higher  levels.  Above 
this,  retained  by  a  barrier  of  crumbling  rock  forming 
a  picturesque  dam,  was  a  broader  and  deeper  pool, 
starred  with  mossy  rocks  just  rising  above 
the  water  level  and  distributed  in  picturesque 
disorder. 

HJit  was  as  if  the  water  had  gradually  worn  its 
way  into  the  rock  bed,  clearing  for  itself  a  course 
and  leaving  here  and  there  a  few  fragments  to 
indicate  its  previous  boundaries.  This  effect  was 
more  pronoimced  still  the  nearer  one  got  to  the 
main  rock  face  at  the  upper  end.  In  front  of  this 
a  line  of  stepping  stones,  that  looked  as  if  the  water 
had  just  broken  through  a  rock  barrier  and  left 
them  standing,  crossed  the  pool  with  no  sense  of 
artificial  introduction  ;  the  rock  face  itself  crumbling 


FORMAL    GARDENS 

I  sometimes  wonder  if  the  public  who  visit 
Chelsea  Show  ever  make  the  correct  distinction 
between  the  rock  and  formal  garden  exhibits. 
All  sorts  of  remarks  are  made,  and  it  must  be 
conceded  that  some  of  the  formal  gardens  consist 
largely  of  stone ;  therefore,  one  hears  many 
people  describe  a  garden  developed  to  a  purely 
geometrical  design  as  "  a  pretty  rock  garden." 
It  certainly  does  not  seem  to  be  fully  appreciated 
that  there  are  two  distinct  classes  in  these  exhibits. 
It  may  be  as  well,  therefore,  to  point  out  a  rock 
garden  is  one  in  which  an  effort  is  made  to  repro- 
duce an  example  of  some  fragment  of  rock  scenery 
as  faithfully  as  circumstances  and  garden  require- 
ments will  permit.  A  formal  garden  is  one  which 
is  developed  on  lines  of  geometrical  design,  in 
which  symmetry  forms  the  main  motif,  and 
ordered  regidarity  is  the  result. 

Undoubtedly  the  exhibit  by  Mr.  Herbert  Jones 
was  the  best  effort  in  this  direction.  The  scheme 
was   simple   and   one   that    could   be   adopted   in 


WALLACE  S      ROCK     AND     WATER     GARDEN. 


to  decay,  where  two  springs  issued  from  it,  mossy 
with  age.  scarred  and  lined  by  the  action  of  time, 
and  with  rugged  columnar  masses  of  rock  still 
standing  where  it  was  suggested  the  water  had 
washed  the  remainder  away.  The  two  springs 
splashed  into  a  clear  rocky  pool  overhimg  with 
rock  and  thence  over  a  miniature  cascade  into  the 
broader  pool  below.  Aquatic  plants  and  moisture- 
loving  vegetation  were  used  with  discretion  both 
in  the  water  and  on  the  banks,  one  mass  of  Iris 

ibirica  Emperor  presenting  a  wonderful  picture 
Just  in  front  of  the  lower  dam.  The  planting  of 
the  surroundings  was  effective,  a  little  too  much 
of  an  "  exhibit "  perhaps  to  be  quite  realistic, 
but  this  is  always  the  case  at  a  show.  The  centre 
cool  and  green,  the  outer  lines  blazing  with  colour 
as  though  the  water  had  cleared  out  a  valley,  and 
along  its  course  a  little  above  its  reaches  Azaleas, 
Maples  and  Rhododendrons  flourished  as  they 
would   in    reality. 

The  whole  effect  seemed  to  spring  from  a 
background  of  Pine  wood,  and  the  least  that 
can  be  said  of  it  was  that  it  was  naturally 
effective  and  effectively  natural.  The  most  need 
be  no  more  than  the  remark  made  by  His  Majesty 

the  King  in  passing  round :  "  Wonderful  and 
pretty." 


many  situations,  preferably  in  close  association 
with  a  suitable  house.  The  word  "  suitable  "  is 
used  as  a  warning  not  to  attempt  to  use  the 
material  of  v\hich  the  exhibit  is  composed 
indiscriminately  against  a  house  built  of  another 
material  with  which  it  is  not  in  harmony.  The 
design  consisted  of  a  simple  terrace  enclosed  by 
a  balustrade  of  stone,  in  the  centre  of  which  an 
arched  niche  covered  a  small  pool.  Dripping 
water,  Ferns  and  mosses  gave  a  delightfully 
cool  effect.  Below  the  terrace  a  rectangular 
plot  was  surrounded  by  paved  walks,  flower 
borders  and  green  hedges,  the  centre  being  sunk, 
and  the  upper  level  retained  by  dry  stone  walls. 
The  whole  of  the  lower  level  was  occupied  by  a 
lawn,  in  the  centre  of  which  was  a  stone  well- 
head of  good  design.  The  general  effect  was 
quiet  and  restful,  and  the  planting  scheme 
restrained.  In  this  respect  it  is  perhaps  well 
to  say  that  in  adopting  the  idea  for  a  permanent 
garden  something  a  little  more  interesting  in  the 
way  of  planting  would  be  necessary.  In  con- 
sidering this  design  from  the  point  of  view  of  the 
would-be  possessor,  it  should  be  remembered 
that,  after  all,  such  an  effort  is  but  an  exhibit 
and  not  a  garden,  a  model  more  or  less  to  scale, 
and   that    to   attempt   to   reproduce   it   faithfully 


in  one's  own  garden  exactly  as  seen  at  the  Show 
would  be  in  many  cases  to  court  failure. 
A  point  that  should  be  fully  appreciated 
is  th£^t  although  the  style  and  workmanship 
introduced  into  this  exhibit  was  eminently  suitable 
for  the  material  used,  it  is  not  probable  that  it 
would  be  successful  if  an  effort  were  made  to 
carry  it  out  in  other  material.  The  whole  scheme 
was  developed  to  display  to  the  best  advantage 
the  uses  to  which  the  material  could  be  put,  and 
not  to  create  a  type  of  garden  to  be  slavishly 
copied  by  any  other  stone  or  brick  that  might 
be  available. 

In  Cheat's  exhibit,  an  L  shaped  space,  one  arm 
being  backed  by  a  row  of  trees,  required  careful 
treatment  to  keep  any  balance  in  the  design. 
This  was  very  cleverly  managed  by  creating 
two  centres,  each  linked  to  the  other,  arranged 
so  that  one  arm  formed  a  charming  little  Rose 
garden,  the  other  a  shady  green  garden  flanked 
by  flower  borders,  and  the  whole  was  enclosed 
by  green  hedges.  The  planting  arrangement 
left  much  to  be  desired  and  should  not  be  adopted 
for  the  permanent  garden,  as  a  whole.  Rhodo- 
dendrons on  one  side  and  herbaceous  plants  on 
the  other  would  give  no  effective  balance  in  a 
finished  scheme.  It  must,  however,  be  remem- 
bered that  this  was  an  exhibit  of  design  first. 
In  drawing  a  comparison  between  these  two 
exhibits,  one  can  be  commended  as  an  example 
of  how  to  use  material,  the  other  of  how  to  use 
design. 

A  third  exliibit  by  another  firm  in  the  Show 
was  less  successful.  This  consisted  of  a  ponderous 
structure  formed  by  a  massive  wall  pierced  by  an 
archway,  or  rather  an  opening  that  at  the  most 
could  be  called  neither  architecturally  correct 
nor  constructionally  sound.  This  led  to  an 
enclosed  garden  of  little  interest  except  in  the 
curiosity  of  its  design.  Straining  for  effect  is  no 
way  to  get  a  good  garden,  and  the  only  good 
thing  that  can  be  said  for  this  effort  is  that  it 
was  original.  There  was  little  real  garden  charm 
about  it,  even  Violas  planted  in  crevices  between 
crazy  paving  served  only  to  emphasise  the  povert\ 
of  the  attempt  to  produce  startling  effects  at  the 
expense  of  all  that  beauty  the  good  garden  affords. 

Carter's  little  garden  certainly  afforded  the  three 
essentials  for  success :  Design  carefully  worked 
out ;  colour  lavishly  used,  even  if  not  in  all  cases 
with  quite  the  material  one  would  wish  to  see ; 
and  cool  relief  in  the  form  of  green  turf  and  shrubs. 
A  little  too  much  ornament  perhaps  and  a  little 
too  much  effort  in  using  it,  but  nevertheless  quite 
a  pleasing  picture  if  introduced  as  the  centre  of 
a  much  larger  scheme.  For  the  contracted  area 
it  was  a  little  too  full  of  detail,  but  that  is  one  of 
the  disadvantages  of  shows  generally.  The  exhibits 
must  be  regarded  as  fragments,  not  as  a  complete 
whole.  Here  a  rectangular  plot  was  divided  by 
cross  paths  leading  to  a  circular  centre.  Each 
comer  plot  was  fenced  rormd  with  trim  Bos 
hedges  and  treated  as  a  quiet  lawn.  If  this  idea 
is  adopted  for  garden  purposes  some  provision 
would  need  to  be  nrade  to  get  a  lawn  mower  on 
to  the  lawn  without  lifting  it  over  the  hedge,  a 
point  overlooked  in  the  exhibit.  Surrormding  the 
centre  circle  were  stone  columns  rising  from  raised 
borders  in  which  were  planted  climbers.  These 
encircled  a  very  fine  old  lead  cistern  converted  to 
use  as  a  fountain,  a  very  pleasing  garden  orna- 
ment. In  the  centre  of  each  comer  grass  plot 
was  a  large  planted  vase  of  terra-cotta. 

Dixon's  little  garden,  on  the  lines  of  several 
previous  exhibits,  was  very  neatly  finished,  and 
as  a  design  would  appeal  to  many  people.  One 
is  inclined  to  regret  that  the  same  design  should 
be  reproduced  at  successive  Shows,  as  were  the 
whole  Show  to  be  developed  on  this  principle  it 
would  soon  cease  to  interest. 


June  4,  1921] 


THE     GARDEN. 


281 


HARDY    FLOWERS 

In  looking  through  a  large  comprehensive  group 
of  hardy  flowers,  such  as  that  set  up  by  Jlessrs. 
Barr  and  Sons.  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C., 
one  is  able  to  form  a  fairly  good  conception  of  what 
could  be  accomplished  in  one's  own  garden.  This 
firm  is  renowned  for  its  devotion  to  the  develop- 
ment of  newer  forms  of  old  fashioned  hardy  flowers 
and  their  group  included  many  useful  and  beautiful 
subjects.  Lupinus  polyphyllus  was  shown  in 
variety,  the  newer  variety.  Zulu,  a  deep  violet 
purple  sort,  is  especially  noteworthy  ;  also  The 
Bride,  Perle  Rose,  albus.  Blue  Cloud.  Captivation 
and  Lady  Diana — the  two  latter  charming  bicolors 
- — all  worthy  of  inclusion  for  Jlay  displays  in  the 
hardy  border.  Single  Pyrethrums  were  well  done, 
the  better  sorts  being  James  Kelway.  richest 
crimson  scarlet,  a  gem ;  Dorothy  Kelway,  rich 
rose  ;  Wagstaff,  a  large  rosy  carmine,  and  Mrs. 
Bateman  Brown.  All  were  great  and  would  be 
eflective  in  any  border.  TroUius,  Oriental  Poppies, 
Geums — G.  Orange  Queen  is  a  useful  plant — and  a 
host  of  smaller  alpines  and  other  plants  com- 
pleted what  was  a  fine  effort. 

A  circular  group,  largely  composed  of  double 
and  single  flowered  PjTethrums  from  Jlessrs. 
R,  H.  Bath.  Limited,  Wisbech,  proved  an  attraction 
to  many  visitors.  Of  the  double  flowered  sorts  the 
better  varieties  were  La  Belle  Blonde,  blush  white  ; 
JIme.  Munier,  a  beautiful  blush  sort  of  good  form  ; 
Madaline.  blush  pirdi,  very  fine ;  Virgo,  white, 
with  yellowish  centre  ;  Senateur,  a  bright  carmine 
tipped  white  sort,  very  striking,  and  Ne  Plus  Ultra, 
another  good  blush  variety.  Of  the  singles, 
excellent  examples  were  seen  in  James  Kelway, 
crimson  scarlet ;  Comet,  carmine  crimson  ;  .^geon, 
rosy  carmine,  and  Agnes  Mary  Kelway,  clear  rose 
and  all  were  seen  in  fine  form.  Paeonies,  Trollius 
and  Delphiniums  were  all  most  attractive.  A 
border  in  May  with  these  subjects  would  indeed  be  a 
"  thing  of  beauty." 

A  representative  display  of  hardy  flowers, 
including  many  subjects  in  first  class  condition, 
was  made  by  Messrs.  Bunyard,  Maidstone. 
Anchusa  Dropmore  variety  and  Eremurus  hima- 
laicus  were  well  shown. 

When  running  through  Messrs.  Blackmore  and 
Langdon's  collection  of  Delphiniums  one  was 
struck  with  the  beauty  and  stateliness  of  these 
extremely  beautiful  flowers.  Charming  diversity 
of  form  and  colour  characterised  the  display,  and 
the  names  of  a  few  of  the  more  striking  will  no 
doubt  be  useful  to  readers.  Lavanda  is  a  deep 
lavender  semi-double  sort  of  much  beauty  ;  Lizzie 
van  Veen,  pale  blue  single,  tinted  mauve ;  Walter 
F.  Ware,  large  semi-double,  deep  blue  with  white 
centre  ;  Le  Danube,  a  large  semi-double  lavender 
mauve  with  white  centre  ;  King  Bladud,  a  deep 
mauve  blue  tipped  white ;  the  variety  Lord  Lans- 
downe  is  a  striking  true  blue  single  of  considerable 
merit ;  and  General  Sir  D.  Haig  is  one  of  the  very 
finest  Delphiniums  extant :  the  colour  may  be 
described  as  deep  purplish  blue,  the  flowers  very 
large  and  the  spikes  enormous.  Very  beautiful 
indeed  was  the  variety  Millicent  Blackmore  :  it 
is  difficult  to.  conceive  anything  better.  Large 
semi-double  and  a  tall  stately  spike  with  blossoms 
of  mauve  blue  stamp  it  as  a  very  fine  thing 
indeed.  The  list  may  well  conclude  with  a  lovely 
soft  mau^•e  lavender  sort  named  Glory  ;  this  is  a 
semi-double  of  the  finest  possible  quality. 

Where  an  exhibit  is  set  up  by  Messrs.  Wallace 
one  is  assured  of  a  display  of  the  best,  and 
certainly  in  the  present  instance  we  were  not  dis- 
appointed. Their  splendid  display  of  hardy  flowers 
occupied  two  comers  of  a  raised  border  which 
was  made  secure  by  a  raised  stone  coping.  The 
choicer  subjects  in  this  pleasing  group  were 
Eremuri  in  charming  variety  ;  Heuchera  micrantha. 


a  coral  piidv  form  and  very  pretty  ,  Pyrethrums ; 
Verbascums ;  Oriental  Poppies  in  variety,  and  a 
beautiful  lot  of  the  new  Erigeron  Elsie,  a  pretty 
pink  form  of  this  subject.  Geum  Mrs.  Bradshaw 
well  maintained  its  reputation  as  being  one  of  the 
best  of  the  hardy  flowers,  and  dwarf  early-flower- 
ing Gladioli  made  a  picture  valuable  at  this  season. 

Messrs.  Harkness  and  Sons.  Bedale.  Yorks,  always 
make  an  interesting  display  of  hardy  flowers,  and 
this  year  a  circular  group  contained  many  interest- 
ing subjects.  Lupinus  polyphyllus  in  diverse 
variety  were  freely  shown,  also  Giant  Yellow 
Iceland  Poppies,  as  well  as  a  white  and  a  very 
handsome  orange  form  of  these  useful  plants ; 
these  latter  were  very  striking  and  w-ere  a  first-rate 
strain. 

One  of  the  best  efforts  in  making  a  display 
of  hardy  flowers  of  a  representative  character 
was  that  made  by  Messrs.  Bees,  Limited,  Liverpool. 
Lilium  croceum.  Delphinium  Blue  Bees,  Beesian 
Columbine  in  really  beautiful  variety.  Flag  Irises, 
single  and  double  Pyrethrums.  Verbascums. 
Primulas.  Thrifts,  and  a  large  and  beautiful 
assortment  of  alpines  and  other  rock  plants  all 
combined  to  make  a  most  attractive  group  that 
was  besieged  until  the  Show  closed.  The  arrange- 
ment of  this  fine  display  left  nothmg  to  be  desired. 

A  novel  form  of  grouping  was  carried  out  by 
Messrs.  J.  C.  AUgrove.  Langley.  Slough.  In 
addition  to  a  pretty  series  of  Flag  and  other  Irises, 
there  were  grand  examples  of  Eremurus  robustus 
gigantea,  E.  r.  albus  and  E.  robustus.  all  of  which 
created  a  fine,  stately  effect.  There  were  also 
masses  of  Anchusa  italica  Opal  and  A.  i.  Dropmore 
Variety,  a  fine  striking  blue.  Primula  pulverulenta 
in  variety  and  a  large  number  of  other  equally 
interesting  hardy  flowers. 

Few  men  have  championed  the  cause  of  the 
hardy  flowers  more  than  Mr.  Maurice  Prichard, 
Christchurch,  Hants,  and  he  well  merited  tlie 
gold  medal  awarded  to  his  wonderfully  diverse 
display.  His  Trollius  were  most  interesting, 
and  included  such  varieties  as  Trollius  europseus 
superbus,  T.  Gold  Quelle,  T.  His  Majesty,  T. 
Fire  Globe  and  several  other  varieties.  Aquilegia 
coerulea  was  a  plant  of  fine  form.  Paonia  lobata 
is  a  dainty  single  Pseony.  There  were  also  masses 
of  Anchusa  Dropmore  Variety,  Oriental  Poppies 
in  really  pleasing  variety,  and  a  wonderful  array 
of  plants  much  out  of  the  ordinary.  This 
exhibitor's  collection  of  alpine  and  rock  plants 
contained  a  wealth  of  the  better  subjects  utilised 
for  these  purposes. 

A  noteworthy  triangular  group  embracing  hardy 
flowers  of  varying  character  all  in  good  form  was 
arranged  by  Messrs.  John  Waterer,  Sons  and 
Crisp,  Limited.  Twyford.  The  Lupines  were 
excellent,  especially  the  new  variety  Lupinus 
polyphyllus  Sunshine.  This  is  a  yellow-flowered 
sort  of  considerable  beauty  that  every  lover  of 
the  hardy  flow-er  garden  will  want  to  possess. 
Flag  Irises  in  charmingly  diverse  colours  were 
represented  in  splendid  fresh  condition,  and  there 
were  also  good  examples  of  single  and  double- 
flowered  Pyrethrums.  Primula  japonica  hybrids 
and  Anchusa  italica.  all  of  which  merited  attention, 
completed  a  very  fine  exhibit. 

Another  triangular  group  of  hardy  flowers, 
and  of  special  merit,  in  which  superb  examples 
of  the  better  hardy  flowering  plants  predominated 
came  from  Messrs.  Artindale  and  Son.  Sheffield. 
This  firm  invariably  does  well  in  this  department, 
and  again  their  distinguished  position  was  well 
maintained.  Magnificent  spikes  of  Eremuri  formed 
the  centre  of  this  group,  Eremurus  himalaicus 
being  the  variety  shown.  Interspersed  among 
them  were  splendid  examples  of  Astilbe  Ceres 
and  A.  Venus,  both  good  pink-coloured  sorts. 
There  was  also  a  wealth  of  other  good  things, 
such    as    Lupinus   Lioba,    a   pink    sort;     L.    liis. 


purple  blue :  L.  roseus  ;  L.  Minerva,  a  blue  and 
white  bicolor  and  others  The  Pyrethrums  were 
very  fine,  notably  P.  James  Kelway,  crimson 
scarlet ;  P.  Mrs.  B.  Brown,  crimson  carmine ; 
P.  Standard,  clear  rose ;  and  a  grand  crimson 
sort  named  Comet — a  really  beautiful  series  of 
single-flowered  sorts.  Double  Pyrethrums  were 
best  represented  by  Cleopatra,  fawn ;  Virgo, 
white,  with  yellow  centre;  Argentine,  white; 
White  Aster,  white ;  and  Mme.  Munier.  blush  pink. 
As  there  were  also  grand  examples  of  Anemone 
His  Excellency,  Oriental  Poppies,  Prunus,  Paeonies 
in  variety,  Heuchera,  and  Flag  and  other 
Irises,  a  fairly  good  idea  of  the  comprehensive 
character  of  this  fine  display  may  be  formed. 

A  quite  bright  group  arranged  on  a  table  by 
Mr.  G.  W.  Miller,  Wisbech,  had  a  goodly  number 
of  useful  and  pretty  subjects.  Specially  note- 
worthy was  Heuchera  Tiarelloides,  a  pink  form 
of  this  dainty  flower  which  attracted  attention. 
Papaver  Princess  Ena,  a  single  salmon-coloured 
sort ;  also  P.  Jenny  Mawson,  a  large  flower  of 
similar  colour.  PjTethrum  Queen  Mary,  a  beauti- 
ful pink  form ;  Trollius  Potter's  variety,  pale 
yellow ;  and  Trollius  Orange  Princess,  orange 
yellow,  were  all  good.  There  were  many  other 
good  things,  but  all  far  too  crowded  to  do  them 
justice. 

Another  table  group,  rather  less  crowded  than 
the  last  mentioned,  exhibited  many  charming 
subjects.  This  came  from  Jlessrs.  B.  Lathcim, 
Limited,  Southampton,  and  included  many  choice 
plants,  such  as  Incarvillea  Delavayi,  the  new 
Verbascum  hybridum  B.  Ladhams,  Heuchera 
Pink  Pearl,  a  very  pleasuig  bright  flesli  colour  ; 
Mimulus  cupreus,  and  JI.  luteus  duplex,  the 
latter  a  fine  yellow  sort ;  Erigeron  Elsie.  Veronica 
rupestris  alba.  Violas,  Pink  Oriental  Poppies,  and 
a  great  variety  of  other  invaluable  hardy  flowers. 

Oriental  Poppies  of  fine  quality  raised  from  seed, 
and  of  which  seed  was  oft'ered  for  sale,  w-ere  shown 
by  Messrs  Godfrey  and  Son.  Exmouth,  Devon. 
The  flowers  were  very  large  and  of  the  finest 
quality.  There  were  also  splendid  examples  of 
Seedling  Lupinus  polyphyllus  showing  glorious 
spikes  of  blossom  in  wonderfully  varied  colourings. 
This  firm's  new  Viola,  named  Royalty,  is  a  small, 
free-flowering  deep  blue  rayed  sort  of  promise. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  table  groups,  of 
comparatively  small  size  but  containing  some  of 
the  daintiest  and  best  plants  in  the  show,  came 
from  Dr.  MacWatt.  Duns,  Scotland.  The  fact 
that  this  display  gained  a  silver-gilt  flora  medal 
proves  most  conclusively  the  great  worth  of  its 
contents.  Each  plant  had  a  history,  and  could 
that  be  unfolded,  interest  in  the  display  would 
be  much  enhanced.  The  Primula  family  was 
exclusively  represented  in  this  display  and  it 
included  such  specimens  as  Primula  silikimensis, 
P.  Veitchii  (improved),  a  beautiful  clear  rose- 
coloured  sort ;  P.  Conspersa,  P.  rufa,  P.  Lissadel 
Hybrid  (Ailin  Aroon),  P.  Auricula  in  alpine  and 
show  forms ;  P.  pulverulenta.  and  many  otiier 
dainty  plants  such  as  P.  tibetica,  P.  deusa.  P. 
geraniifolia  P.  yunnanensis  and  many  others  far 
too  numerous  to  mention.  Dr.  MacWatt  says 
this  is  the  last  exhibit  he  will  make  down  South, 
but  it  is  hoped  he  will  alter  his  mind,  as  these 
displays  of  his  are  so  educational  and  helpful. 

A  group  exclusively  composed  of  Lupinus 
polyphyllus  represented  all  the  newer  and  better 
varieties  of  this  useful  early  summer-flowering 
plant.  .A.mong  the  more  noteworthy  sorts  was 
the  new  Pink  Pearl,  which  received  an  award  of 
merit.  This  is  a  lovely  soft  pink  flower  and 
beautifiilly  clean.  Others  were  Downer's  Delight, 
terra-cotta  and  crimson  bicolor ;  May  Princess, 
deep  violet ;  Tunic,  blush  ;  May  Queen,  another 
violet  sort ;  and  Favourite,  a  blue  and  white 
bicolor.     Although     small,    this   was    a   valuable 


282 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,  1921. 


exhibit.     It  was  made  by  G.  R.  Downer,  Cliichester. 

A  long  table  group  from  Messrs.  Bowell  and 
Skarratt,  Cheltenham,  had,  in  addition  to  alpine 
and  rock  garden  plants,  a  number  of  useful  hardy 
flowers,  such  as  Papaver  Mrs.  Perry,  salmon  ; 
Ranunculus  acris  plena  ;  Papaver  Prince  of  Orange, 
scarlet,  and  other  useful  subjects. 

A  beautiful  table  group  of  large  si^e  came  from 
Messrs.  Bakers,  Limited,  Wolverhampton.  This 
contained  a  large  number  of  striking  hardy  flowers, 
included  among  which  were  Sunbeam  Iceland 
Poppies,  very  large  and  gorgeous  in  their  colours ; 
TroUius  europaus,  a  splendid  yellow  ;  Geum  Lady 
Strathedon,  a  yellow  companion  to  Mrs.  Bradshaw. 
scarlet,  which  was  also  in  evidence ;  Trollius 
Orange  Globe  is  a  fine  orange  coloured  e.\ample 
of  these  flowers.  Centaurea  montana  rosea  was 
one  of  the  best  of  these  plants  ;  as  the  name  implies 


A    BEAUTIFUL   BROOM     SHOWN     AT     CHELSEA 
(CYTISUS    DALLIMOREl). 

the  colour  is  rose.  Thermopsis  fabacea  was  also 
noticeable.  Cytisus  Dallimorei  should  prove  a 
valuable  addition  to  these  useful  plants  ;  it  is  a 
rose-coloured  bicolor. 

A  remarkably  handsome  group  of  hardy  flowers 
was  shown  by  Messrs.  G.  and  A.  Clark,  I  imited, 
Dover.  The  Spira?as  were  splendid,  especially 
Astilbe  Ceres,  A.  Venus  and  A.  Vesta , 
so  too  were  the  Trollius.  which  were  shown  in 
charming  variety.  Geum  Mrs.  W.  J.  Bradshaw 
was  .very  finely  shown,  and  P},Tetlirum  JIargaret 
Moore  (pink),  James  Kelway,  John  .Malcolm  (pinl;), 
and  Hon.  Stanley  (crimson  carmine).  Oriental 
Poppies,  Flag  Irises  and  a  great  wealth  of  other 
glorious  subjects 

A  new  plant  shown  by  Messrs.  Thos.  B.  Grove 
and  Sons,  Sutton  Coldfield,  calls  for  attention. 
This  is  a  new  hybrid  Geum  named  Orangeman.  It 
is  not  so  double  as  Mrs.  Bradshaw,  but  is  quite  as 
large  and  the  colour  is  a  shade  of  light  orange. 


We  could  not  well  omit  the  fine,  bold  display  of 
hardy  flowers  staged  by  Mr.  W.  Wells,  Junior. 
Merstham.  Here  were  to  be  seen  excellent  examples 
of  P^Tethrum  (double)  Queen  Mary,  a  grand  blush 
pink  sort ;  P.  White  Aster,  one  of  the  best  double 
whites,  and  of  single-flowered  Pyrethrums  he 
showed  Mrs.  B.  Brown,  a  large  carmine  crimson 
sort ;  W.  Kelway,  pink,  and  A.  M.  Kelway,  clear 
rose.  We  must  not  omit  to  mention  Lupinus 
Mcerheimii,  a  pale  pink  bicolor  and  the  beautiful 
Centaurea  montana  rosea. 

Antirrhinums  (Snapdragon)  in  three  distinct 
types,  tall,  intermediate  and  Tom  Thumb,  were 
charmmgly  displayed  by  Messrs.  Dobbie  and  Co., 
Limited,  Edinburgh.  This  firm  has  done  much  to 
improve  and  popularise  these  flowers.  Among  the 
varieties  particularly  noteworthy  were  Nobile, 
white  flower  with  lips  suffused  red  ;  Mauve  Queen, 
a  variety  of  light  salmon  tint  with  light  yellow 
lips ;  and  Fiery  Belt,  a  striking  dark  salmon- 
coloured  sort.  Mauve  Queen,  as  its  name  denotes, 
is  a  variety  of  considerable  beauty,  the  colour  being 
mauve  pink,  which  should  create  a  pleasing  result 
when  planted  en  masse. 

The  foregoing  are  just  a  few  of  the  more  note- 
worthy sorts.  The  whole  exhibit  seemed  to  show 
the  great  advance  made  in  these  flowers  during 
the  past  few  years,  and  this  firm  has  succeeded 
in  raising  new  varieties  of  many  diverse  colouruigs. 

The  lover  of  the  Snapdragon  in  the  garden  can 
now  obtain  almost  any  colour  in  these  flowers — 
other  than  blue— ranging  in  heiglt  from  a  few 
inches  to  two  and  a  half  to  three  feet. 

Another  exhibitor,  who  deserves  special  mention 
for  the  pleasingly  varied  character  of  the  display 
was  Messrs.  W,  H.Simpson  and  Sons,  Birmingham. 
Their  group  represented  plants  some  six  or  eight 
inches  in  height,  others  of  medium  height  varying 
from  one  foot  to  eighteen  inches,  and  tall  sorts 
two  to  two  and  a  half  feet  in  height.  Of  the  taller 
sorts  that  merit  attention  were  Carmine  King, 
glowing  carmine  with  white  tube  ;  and  Esme,  one 
of  the  tallest,  a  delicate  pink  with  a  white 
tube.  Of  those  of  medium  height  we  were  much 
struck  with  a  variety  having  deep  apricot  and  old 
gold  flowers,  known  by  the  name  of  Morning  Glow- 
Improved.  Another  good  sort  in  this  section  was 
Roseum  superbum,  about  twenty  inches  high  and 
of  a  soft  rose  pink  colour.  One  might  enumerate 
many  other  sorts,  but  the  foregoing  will  sufiice. 


ORCHIDS 

The  elite  of  the  floral  world  are  valuable  decora- 
tive plants  that  remain  beautiful  for  a  long  time. 

Time  was — and  it  does  not  seem  long  ago — 
when  plants  grown  under  glass  were  the  dominant 
feature  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  great 
Spring  Shows,  and  of  these  the  most  important 
were  Orchids.  The  swing  of  the  pendulum  of 
fashion's  floral  changes  threatened  to  depose 
pot  plants  almost  entirely.  The  dictates  of  fashion 
will  render  almost  anything  one  could  name 
popular — for  a  time.  But  utility  is  the  real  arbiter. 
Any  iiseless  thing,  no  matter  how  much  it  may 
be  the  rage  of  the  moment,  is,  inevitablv,  short- 
lived.    We  quickly  tire  of  the  useless. 

Orchids  have  their  value,  so  they  will  be  grown 
as  long  as  gardening  continues,  and  that  is  for 
all  time.  But  even  though  Orchids  generallv 
are  for  the  relatively  few  and  not  the  many,  it  was 
not  at  all  surprising  to  find  that  the  wonderful 
exhibits  of  these  flowers  were  thronged  throughout 
the  whole  of  the  three  live-long  days  of  the  Show. 
For  even  though  everyone's  circumstances  do 
not  permit  Orchid  cultivation,  yet  we  all  admire 
beautiful  flowers  with  understanding. 

The  group  arranged  with  such  skill  by  Baron 
Schroeder's  gardener  was  an  object-lesson  in  the 
great  colour  values  of  rosy  mauve  and  the  palest 


blush.  There  the  tones  of  the  various  Lslio- 
Cattleyas  weie  exquisitely  blended,  and  everyone 
must  have  wished  to  take  home  the  magnificent 
plants  of  the  variety  eudora.  With  rare  art  the 
central  place  was  given  to  superb  plants  of  the 
glowing  orange  and  velvety  crimson  maroon 
Anaconda — a  quite  distinct  variety — which  led 
the  eye  on  again  to  many  more  of  the  delicious 
rosy  mauves. 

Next  door,  as  one  might  say.  Sir  George 
Holford  had  a  large  basket  of  La;lio-Cattleya 
Imperateur  Regin,T,  a  wonderful  blending  of 
the  palest  mauve  and  velvety  purple,  just  the 
thing  to  stand  on  a  polished  Sheraton  table  where 
it  would  satisfy  the  eye  and  senses  for  many  a 
day,  for  there  is  nothing  of  the  "  here  to-day  and 
gone  to-morrow "  about  these  Orchids — which, 
by  the  way,  is  of  course  the  secret  of  their  con- 
tinuance in  the  world  of  gardens.  One  plant  in 
Sir  George's  amazing  collection  gave  most  of  us 
quite  a  shock.  It  was  so  awfully  sinister.  The 
hooded,  deep  green  petals  and  fringed  lip  of  Lycaste 
locusta  at, first  sent  a  cold  shiver  down  one's  spine, 
then  was  realised  the  weird  beauty  of  it. 

In  many  ways  Sir  Jeremiah  Colman's  Orchids 
were  the  ideal  for  the  large  private  garden.  His 
exhibit  contained  so  many  different  types  and 
seemed  to  aim  at  showing  what  a  great  variety 
of  beautiful  sorts  may  be  had  in  flower  at  one 
time,  while  it  showed  particularly  how  fascinating 
the  Pansy-faced  Miltonias  are. 

As  smaller  collections  the  groups  from  Mr.  J.  J. 
Joicey,  Dr.  Miguel  Lacroze  and  Mr.  E.  R.  Aston  were 
equally  ideal,  and  the  delightful  association  of  the 
cool,  graceful  Maidenhair  Ferns  with  beautiful 
Orchids  by  Mr.  Pantia  Ralli  was  the  most  artistic 
and  successful  of  them  all. 

The  large  trade  groups  were  wonderfully 
glorious  and  gorgeous.  The  old  time  method  of 
arranging  show  Orchids  in  steep,  stiiK  banks  is  one 
of  the  things  we  have  outgrown,  and  if  revived 
would  be  received  with  cold,  contemptuous 
silence ;  for  at  Chelsea  this  year  even  more  than 
before  we  have  been  shown  how  delightfully 
graceful  Orchid  groups  can  be.  The  introduction 
of  feathery  Palms,  cool  Ferns,  such  tropical  bright- 
foliaged  plants  as  Crotons  and  Phyllanthus,  with 
little  pillars  of  Jacaranda  were  all  in  harmony 
and  served  to  enhance  the  beauty  and  value  of 
the  Orchids.  The  best  effort  in  this  respect  was 
by  Cypher,  who  has  long  been  known  at  the  large 
provincial  exhibitions  as  a  past-master  in  the  art 
of  arranging  show  groups.  Of  his  many  Orchids 
Anguloa  Clowesii,  bearing  flowers  like  golden 
cradles,  and  Masdevallia  splendens,  which  may  be 
likened  to  small  Anthuriums  divided  into  twin 
vermilion  spathes,  were  the  most  fascinating. 

At  the  opposite  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  big 
tent  Charlesworth  was  wonderful,  the  excellence 
of  the  quantities  of  Orchids  and  their  delightful 
arrangement  must  have  charmed  everyone.  The 
corner  bank  of  Odontoglossum  crispum  xanthotes 
was  a  perfect  dream  of  graceful  sprays  of  purest 
white  and  pale  yellow.  This,  flanked  by  rosy- 
orange  Odontiodas  on  the  one  side  and  rich  purple 
shades  of  Lslias  and  Laelio-Cattleyas  on  the  other 
was  a  memorable  triumph.  Beautiful  Miltonias, 
in  generous  quantity,  over  which  the  golden 
Butterfly  Orchids  that  so  enchanted  the  King 
were  poised,  will  also  live  in  our  minds  for  many 
a   day. 

Armstrong  and  Brown  also  showed  that,  in  the 
right  hands.  Orchids  could  be  made  things  of  joy 
and  beauty.  The  large  centrepiece  of  Odontiodas 
and  Odontoglossums,  Orchids  of  similar  structure, 
but  baffling  variable  shades,  was  exceedingly 
beautiful.  Another  colour  scheme,  the  gracefully 
arched  spikes  of  Odontoglossums,  rising  above 
masses  of  Lajlio-Cattleyas  of  all  the  rosy-purfiles 
imaginable,  also  stirred  one. 


June  4,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


283 


The  Brothers  McBean  evidently  possess  the 
light  hand  and  artistic  eye  so  essential  in  flower 
arrangement.  Their  little  Pillars  of  Orchids  and 
Maidenhair  Fern,  of  the  many  features,  deser\-e 
special  mention. 

The  extraordinarily  wonderful  Brassavolas  in- 
trigued many  visitors  by  their  size,  bold  poise 
and  gracefully  fringed  lips.  Many  of  these  and  the 
hybrids  with  Cattleyas,  which  have  given  ultra 
colours,  were  prominent  in  Stuart  Low's  group, 
which  also  contained  splendid  golden  Dendro- 
biums. 

The  seekers  after  suitable  varieties  for  any 
glasshouse  temperature  could  find  them  in  those 
world-famed  collections.  Orchids  suitable  for 
growing  in  a  cool  greenhouse  with  other  plants  were 
noted  in  Sander's  group.  There  were  Odonto- 
glossums  such  as  crispum  and  grande,  the  brilliant 
Odontiodas  Sanderas  and  Bradshawiaj.  Cypri- 
pediums  of  many  kinds,  particularly  the  Hare&eld 
Hall  variety  of  insjgne  and  Cymbidura  Alexandrae. 
For  the  warmer  houses  were  Cattleya  labiata, 
Laslia  purpurata,  Oncidium  spathacelatum  and 
Cj-pripedium  colossum.  While  in  the  stove  house 
Vanda  suavis,  Oncidium  Papilio,  the  graceful 
butterfly  Orchid.  Dendrobium  nobile,  many 
L^elio-cattleyas  and  Thunias  would  be  quite  at 
home. 


STOVE    AND    GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS 

I  was  unable  to  complete  in  time  for  last  week's 
issue  my  comments  on  what  was  perhaps  the  most 
comprehensive  section  of  the  Chelsea  Show,  but 
now  conclude  them.  New  and  choice  plants  are 
invariably  shown  by  Messrs.  Sander  et  Fils,  Bruges. 
In  this  connection  there  were  many  plants  of 
promise,  and  lovers  of  plants  of  more  congenial 
climes  will  be  pleased  to  learn  the  names  of  a  few 
additional  subjects  for  their  warmer  houses. 

Cocos  Yatay  is  a  somewhat  glaucus-looking  Palm 
that  may  appeal  to  some,  and  so.  too,  is  Cocos 
campestris.  This  is  a  plant  of  fine  branching 
habit  a-id  should  be  welcomed.  Of  Macrozamia 
Miquielii  we  can  speak  of  as  a  plant  with  a  future. 
Of  Draca?na  lentiginosa  var.  latifrons  we  cannot 
speak  too  highly.  It  is  a  dark  foliaged  plant  that 
will  be  popular  some  day.  These  are  just  a  few 
of  the  good  things  of  which  we  would  like  to 
write  more.  A  pretty  table  group  of  dwarf, 
freely  flowered  Schizanthuses.  embracing  a  most 
varied  series  of  markings  and  of  pleasing  form,  was 
shown  by  Mr.  .\lfred  Dawkins,  Chelsea.  Here 
were  to  be  seen  plants  that  could  be  grown  quite 
easily  by  anyone  with  a  cool  greenhouse,  and  few 
plants  yield  more  satisfactory  results. 

It  is  quite  impossible  to  remove  from  one's 
mind  the  wonderful  bank  of  Star  Cinerarias,  as 
well  as  the  grandiflora  tj^pe,  so  beautifully  repre- 
sented in  a  series  of  large  groups  of  various  subjects 
by  .Messrs.  Webb  and  Sons,  Stourbridge.  Varia- 
tions of  colour  and  form  add  materially  to  the 
artistic  worth  of  the  stellata  form,  and  the  large 
flowers  and  good  forms  of  the  grandiflora  strain, 
when  contrasted  with  the  others,  make  a  grand 
display.  Nor  must  we  omit  to  mention  this  firm's 
type  of  the  giant-flowered  herbaceous  Calceolarias. 
Tliey  were,  indeed,  superb,  and  diversity  of  colouring 
left  nothing  to  be  desired.  The  Schizanthuses 
from  this  firm  were  of  a  high  order  of  merit ;  the 
flowers  were  large,  the  plants  freely  flowered,  and 
in  regard  to  colouring  they  were  charmingly 
varied.  Smaller  groups  of  such  subjects  as  tuberous 
Begonias.  Petuiias  and  Primula  obconica,  com- 
pleted another  of  this  firm's  great  efforts. 

The  conclusions  we  arrived  at  in  regard  to  the 
display  made  by  plants  and  flowers   represented 


under  this  head  are  to  the  effect  that  although  a 
vast  improvement  has  been  made  in  the  setting 
up  of  the  various  subjects,  so  that  their  beauty 
and  usefulness  were  often  seen  at  their  best, 
in  our  opinion  there  is  considerable  room  for 
improvement.  There  were  glaring  instances 
of  distinct  overcrowding,  so  that  the  mere  novice, 
or  anyone  unfamiliar  with  the  nature  of  the 
various  plants,  could  not  determine  their  true 
character.  As  we  have  repeated  in  our  remarks 
on  the  numerous  groups  that  came  under  our 
view,  there  were  masses  of  some  plants  that  would 
have  been  seen  to  greater  advantage  had  the 
groups  been  arranged  in  less  formal  manner.  As 
an  instance,  the  various  exhibits  of  the  free- 
flowering,  branching,  stellata  forms  of  the  Cineraria 
were  shown  in  dense  masses.  Had  they  been  set 
up  so  that  their  graceful  character  could  be  clearly 
seen,  their  real  value  would  have  been  better 
appreciated  by  many,  and  the  exhibition  improved 
thereby.  Some  of  the  table  groups  were  also 
great  offenders  in  this  respect.  We  much  appre- 
ciated the  breaking  away  from  the  old  stereotyped 
gangways  with  groups  on  either  side.  The  varied 
character  of  the  many  groups  arranged,  as  they  were, 
to  make  the  exliibition  as  a  whole  an  attraction, 
was  distinctly  successful.  It  was  only  when  some 
offenders  were  permitted  to  set  up  backgrounds 
for  their  stands  or  groups  that  the  pleasant  vistas 
were  interfered  with,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
at  future  shows  these  erections,  which  spoil  the 
picture,  will  be  eliminated.  The  naming  of  vari- 
eties, on  the  whole,  was  satisf acton,',  but  there 
were  several  instances  where  interesting  plants, 
were  unnamed. 


NEW    AND    RARE    PLANTS 

A  great  many  novelties  were  placed  before 
the  Floral  Committee  in  a  special  tent,  but  it 
must  be  admitted  that  many  should  never  have 
been  brought  there.  The  Committee  gave  one  first- 
class  certificate  and  several  awards  of  merit.  The 
MoUis-like  .\zaleas,  which  appeared  to  be  hybrids 
of  Mollis  and  sinensis,  were  just  a  few  days  too 
late — -on  Monday  they  were  worthy  of  award. 

Primula  helodoxa. — This  beautiful  deep  yellow- 
Primula  rfcci\ed  an  award  of  merit  in  1916  and 
now  receives  the  higher  award  of  a  first-class 
certificate.  Three  very  large  vases  of  bloom, 
many  bearing  eight  tiers  of  flowers,  were  shown 
by  Mr    Lionel  de  Rothschild 

The  following  received  awards  of  merit  ■ 

Dracaena  Deremensis  Bansei. — -\  handsome 
greenhouse  variety  emimntly  suitable  for  house 
decoration.  It  is  a  compact  plant,  well  furnished 
with  green  and  white  leaves.  Shown  by  Mr. 
C.   F.   Banse. 

Iris  Banzai. — -This  handsome  Iris  is  of  Dutch 
origin  and  is  really  an  improved  Spanish  Iris. 
The  plum  coloured  standards  above  yellow  falls 
which  have  golden  centres  make  a  striking  flower. 
Shown  by  Mr.  Chapman. 

Rose  Florence. — One  of  the  most  beautiful 
Roses  that  have  been  shown  for  some  time  and 
quite  the  Rose  of  the  Show.  In  form  it  is  like 
Maman  Cochet,  while  the  colour  is  a  glowing 
pink.  It  seems  to  be  an  all-purposes  Rose. 
Shown  by  Messrs.  William  Paul  and  Son. 

Rhus   cotinus  purpureus. — The  foliage  is  of 

much  deeper  colour — quite  a  ruddy  purple — than 
in  the  well  known  type  shrub.  It  will  be  valuable 
for  colour  grouping  in  the  shrubbery.  Shown 
by  Mr.   R.  C.  Notcutt. 

Rhododendron  Hugo  de  Voies.— This  magni- 
ficent variety  is  a  cross  between  Pink  Pearl  and 


Doncaster    which    greatly    favours    the    former. 
The   chief   difference   lies   in   the   brownish   spots 
on  the  upper  petals.     Shown  by  Messrs.  Wallace 
and  Co 
Azalea  Kurume  Tsuta  Momii. — .\    charming 

clear    salmon    Japanese    .\zalca    of    Hose-in-Hose 
type. 

A.  K.  Shin  Sei  Bai.— .\  dainty  white  variety 
in  which  the  inner  corolla  is  so  shortened  as  to 
appear  like  a  secondary  row  of  petals. 

A.  K.  Suizohi. — The  flowers  are  larger  than 
those  of  the  two  foregoing  and  are  of  transparent 
pinkish  white  colour,  which  is  relieved  by  soft 
brown  spots.  All  three  varieties  were  shown 
by  Messrs.  J.  Piper  and  Son, 

Lupinus  polyphyllus  Sunshine. — A  handsome 

spike   of   fragrant    pale   primrose   flowers.     Shown 
by  Messrs.   Watcrer,  Sons  and  Crisp. 

L.  p.  Pink  Pearl. — This  rich  rose  pink  variety 
is  eminently  suitable  for  massing  in  the  border. 


THE    GLORY    OF    THE    MARSH    PRIMROSE 

(primula    HELODOXA). 

First-class  Certificate. 

L.  p.  Tunic. — A  larger  spike  of  pale  pink 
flowers,  which  are  rosier  at  first.  Both  of  these 
beautiful  lupins  were  shown  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Downer. 

Carnation  Bookham  Scarlet. — A  large,  perfectly 
formed  rich  scarlet  Border  variety. 

C.  Bookham  Salmon. — .\  broad,  smooth  petalled. 
soft  salmon  pink  flower. 

C.  Kelso. — The  buff  shade  is  prettily  splashed 
with  heliotrope.  These  three  Border  Carnations 
were  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Douglas. 

C.  Tarzan. — A  perfectly  shaped  Perpetual- 
flowering  Carnation  of  rich  scarlet  colour.  The 
edges  of  the  petals  are  delicately  fringed.  Shown 
by  Mr.   C.    Englemann. 

Lithospermum  prostratum  album. — The  value 
of  this  rock  garden  plant  lies  in  its  being  a  white 
variety.     Shown  by  Mr.  S,   Morris. 

Aster  alpinus  Wargrave  Variety.— Quite  the 

finest  of  the  alpine  Starworts  ;  the  colour  is  rich 
rosy  mauve.  Shown  by  Messrs.  Waterer,  Sons 
and  Crisp. 


284 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,  1921. 


HORTICULTURAL 
APPLIANCES 

Though  in  surroundings  less  winning  to  the 
senses,  a  walk  down  the  main  avenues  at  Chelsea 
was  just  as  instructive  and  interesting  as  a  perambu- 
latory  tour  of  the  great  marquees.  Here,  in  place 
of  floral  incense,  the  nostrils  are  engaged  with  the 
pungence  of  chemical  manures,  new  paint  and 
pest  sprays,  while  the  eye  takes  in  with  just  a 
Soupcon  of  despair  the  multitudinous  reminders  of 
malign  insects  and  vermin,  and  necessary  and  some 
unnecessary  things  to  get  for  the  garden,  or  merely 
to  covet  if  the  purse  be  thin.  Memory  goes  back 
to  heavy  and  perspiring  hours  with  the  mower 
trj-ing  to  get  the  lawn  under  control  as  one 
examines  this  automatic  thing  called  Atco,  shovin  by 
Messrs.  William  Wood  and  Son,  Limited,  of 
Taplow,  which  stolidly  gets  through  all  the  exertion 
for  you  with  hardly  more  personal  trouble  and  less 
anxiety  than  steering  a  motor  cycle  along  a  level 
road ;  for  in  the  quiet  spaces  of  the  croquet  and 
tennis  lawns  there  are  no  erratic  dogs  or  cats  nor 
errant  children  to  be  wary  of. 

Messrs.  Ransome's  of  Ipswich  also  had  an 
attractive  display  of  labour-saving  mowers,  and 
a  natty  little  hand-propelled  machine  by  the 
Nene  Engineering  Company  of  Peterborough, 
very  light  and  easy  to  handle,  seemed  worthy  of 
trial.  In  the  same  type  Messrs.  Green  and  Son, 
Limited,  also  cater  for  the  small  garden  with  their 
New  Century  mower,  while  their  large  motor 
machine,  taking  a  42in.  sweep  would  make  short 
work  of  even  golf  greens. 

The  best  cut  la\vn,  however,  will  still  look 
unsatisfactory  if  Daisies,  Plantains  and  Dandelions 
mar  its  surface,  but  here  again  remedies  are  at 
hand  in  the  shape  of  Eclipse  or  Fowler's  lawn  sand, 
or  there  is  the  more  drastic  method  of  having  the 
noxious  things  out  root  and  all.  Mr.  Leaver  of 
Tunbridge  Wells  has  devised  a  clever  but  perfectly 
simple  weed  extractor  for  this  purpose,  but  as  it 
brings  up  a  solid  circle  of  soil  with  every  weed, 
means  must  be  taken  to  fill  up  the  resulting  holes. 
If  one  had  access  to  a  reserve  piece  of  good  turf 
this  tool  would  be  invaluable,  as  it  would  cut  out 
circles  of  turf  the  exact  size  of  the  holes  and  the 
lawn- rep  airing  process  could  go  on  as  the  weed 
disappeared.  A  weedless  lawn,  trimly  cut,  still 
needs  irrigation  during  dry  spells  if  its  verdant 
complexion  is  to  be  kept  in  beauty,  and  an  efficient 
means  to  that  end  is  the  Automatic  Utilities 
Company's  method  of  supplying  a  mist  spray  over 
a  wide  area  by  means  of  finely  perforated  pipe-lines. 
Or  there  is  Messrs.  Purser's  "  Skattra,"  an  attach- 
ment to  the  ordinary  garden  hose,  w^hich  will 
easily  throw  a  fine  spray  over  a  space  of  35ft.  or 
40ft.,  and  being  mounted  on  two  small  wheels 
is  readily  moved  about  as  required.  Water  dis- 
tributors carry  the  mind  by  easy  stages  to  syringes 
and  spray  machines,  a  selection  of  which  can  be 
made  from  the  catalogues  of  Abol  Limited,  the 
Four  Oaks  Company  or  the  Ubel  Sprayer  Company, 
while  the  Holder-Harriden  Sprayers,  made  of 
acid-resisting  metal  alloy,  should  also  be  borne  in 
mind. 

It  will  benefit  readers  but  little  merely  to  detail 
even  the  principal  of  the  numberless  adjuncts 
to  garden  craft  shown  at  Chelsea,  but  a  reminder 
of  a  few  really  practical  helps  will  not  be  out  of 
place.  There  is,  for  instance,  that  modern  tool, 
the  wheeled  hoe,  a  very  present  help  in  many 
times  of  need.  The  Planet  Junior  No.  11  is  typical 
of  these  all-utility  instruments.  It  can  be  fitted 
as  a  hoe,  a  shallow  plough,  a  rake  or  as  a  cultivator 
at  will,  and  its  action  is  easy  and  comfortable 
in  almost  all  soils.  Mr.  John  Pinches  of  Camber- 
well  is  another  gardener's  friend  with  his  world 
renowned  Acme  labels,  standard  Rose  tree  trainers 


bloom  shades  and  many  etceteras  dear  to  the  tidy 
and  the  thorough. 

What  a  simple  matter  it  would  be  to  protect 
rows  of  seedlings,  or,  say,  your  Strawberry  plants, 
from  birds  and  the  weather  if  you  could  cover 
them  in  some  easily  managed  way  %vith  glass. 
This  the  Cloche  Clip  Company  of  Guildford  makes 
possible  by  their  sj^stem  of  clipping  together  two 
sheets  of  glass  tent-wise  so  that  continuous  lines 
of  them  can  be  placed  in  position  and  removed  at 
the  expenditure  of  practically  no  time  or  trouble. 
One  noted  that  needful  thing  for  glass  houses,  a 
fumigating  outfit,  and  Messrs.  Corry  and  Co.'s 
Lethorion  Cone  is  a  highly  effective  method  of 
exterminating  green  fly  and  other  vaxatious 
tormentors  of  greenhouse  plants.  And  for  water- 
ing, the  Hawes  patent  cans  were  shown  in 
an  infinite  variety  of  designs,  particularly  useful 
are  those  constructed  to  avoid  drip  from  falling 
on  flower  or  foliage.  For  pleasant  half  hours  in 
the  garden,  or  pleasant  hours  for  that  matter, 
if  one  feels  tired  or  lazy,  a  useful  invention  was 
shown  by  Messrs.  Abbott  Brothers  of  Southall. 
It  is  called  Tea-in-the-Garden  trays,  which  become 
tables  by  the  mere  pressure  of  the  thumbs  on  the 
handle.  These  trays  must  be  a  delight  to  the  ladies 
and  their  maids  who  serve.  The  amateur  gardener 
can  hardly  do  without  a  good  ladder,  and  Messrs. 
Drew,  Clark  and  Co.  pointed  out  some  undeniable 
virtues  in  their  well-made  "  Diamond"  telescopic 
extension  pattern  ranging  in  length  from  14ft. 
to  44ft.  when  open  and  closing  in  to  8ft.  and  24ft. 
respectively. 


LIST    OF    AWARDS 

Sherwood  Cup  for  the  best  exhibit  in  the  Show : 
Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons,  for  florists'  flowers. 

"Daily  Graphic"  Challenge  Cup  for  rock 
garden :    R.  Tucker. 

Orchid  Challer,gc  Ct  p  for  amateurs :  J.  J. 
Joicey,  Esq.  (gardener,  J.  Mackay)  ;  silver-gilt 
flora  medal.  Dr.  Miguel  Lacroze  (gardener,  M. 
Taylor)  ;  silver-gilt  Banksian  medal,  E.  R.  Ashton, 
Esq.  (gardener,  H.  Varnum). 

Awards  for  Orchids. 

Gold  Medal :  Armstrong  and  Brown,  Charles- 
worth  and  Co.,  J.  and  A.  McBean,  Sir  Jeremiah 
Colman,  Bart,  (gardener,  J.  Collier),  Baron  Bruno 
Schroeder  (gardener,  J.  C.  Shill). 

Lindlcy  Medal :  Baron  Bruno  Schroeder  (gardener, 
J.  C.  Shill). 

Silver-gilt  Flora  Medal :  Stuart  Low  and  Co., 
Sanders,   Pantia  Ralli,  Esq.  (gardener,  S.  Fames). 

Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal:  J.  Cypher  and 
Sons,  Flory  and  Black,  Mansell  and  Hatcher. 

Silver  Flora  Medal:    H.  Dixon. 

Exhibits  in  the  Open  Air. 

Gold  Medal:  Herbert  Jones,  formal  garden; 
B,  H.  B.  Symons-Jeune.  rock  garden ;  R. 
Tucker,  rock  garden  ;  R.  Wallace  and  Co.,  rock 
and  water  garden. 

Silver-gilt  Flora  Medal:  Clarence  Elliott, 
rock  garden ;  Fuiham  and  Sons,  rock  garden ; 
Waterer,  Sons  and  Ciisp,  rock  garden;  G.  G. 
Whitelegg  and  Co.,  rock  garden ;  J.  Cheal  and 
Sons,  formal  garden;    J.  MacDonald,  grasses. 

Siher-gilt  Grenjell  Medal:  J.  Carter  and  Co., 
formal  garden. 

Silver-gilt  Bahksian  Medal:  Kent  and  Biydon, 
rock  garden  ;  J.  Wateier,  Sons  and  Ciisp,  trees, 
shrubs  and  topiary. 

Silver  Flora  Medal:  R.  Neal  and  Son,  formal 
garden ;  W.  Cutbush  and  Son,  topiary  and 
shrubs  ;  J.  Piper  and  Son,  topiary  and  Japanese 
trees. 

Silver  Grenjell  Medal :  J.  Cheal  and  Sons, 
clipped  trees  ;    L.  R.  Russell,  flowering  shrubs. 

Silver  Banksian  Medal:  W.  H.  Gaze  and  Sons, 
rock  garden;    E.  Dixon,  formal  garden;    Fromow 


and  Sons.   Japanese  Maples  ;    Maythara  Gardens, 
herbaceous  border. 

Exhibits  in  the  Tents. 

Gold  Medals :  Allwood  Brothers,  Carnations ; 
J.  Carter  and  Co.,  flowering  plants  ;  R.  and  G. 
Cuthbert.  flowering  and  ornamental  shrubs ; 
A.  Dickson  and  Sons,  Sweet  Peas  ;  Dobbie  and 
Co.,  Sweet  Peas  ;  Hon.  Vicary  Gibbs  (gardener, 
E.  Beckett),  vegetables  ;  G.  Paul  and  Son,  Roses  ; 
Amos  Perry,  Irises  and  Ferns ;  M.  Prichard, 
herbaceous  ;  Rivers  and  Son,  fruit  trees  in  pots  ; 
L.  R.  Russell,  stove  plants  ;  Sutton  and  Sons, 
vegetables;  R.  Wallace  and  Co.,  herbaceous 
plants  ;  J.  Waterer,  Sons  and  Crisp,  Rhododen- 
drons and  Azaleas ;  Sutton  and  Sons,  florists' 
flowers. 

Silver  Lindley  Medal :  The  Hon.  Vicary  Gibbs, 
vegetables. 

Silver  Knightian  Medal:  Laxton  Brothers, 
Strawberries. 

Silver-Gilt  Flora  Medal :  J.  C.  Allgrove,  hardy 
flowers ;  Artindale  and  Son,  herbaceous  and 
Eremurus  ;  Barr  and  Sons,  herbaceous  ;  Bee's, 
Limited,  herbaceous,  etc. ;  Blackmore  and 
Langdon,  Begonias  and  Delphiniums  ;  G.  Bunyard 
and  Co.,  Irises ;  Ben  Cant  and  Sons,  Roses ; 
Cheal  and  Sons,  flowering  trees  and  shrubs  ; 
Clarence  Elliott,  alpines  ;  C.  Englemann,  Carna- 
tions ;  Elisha  J.  Hicks,  Roses  ;  G.  Jackman  and 
Sons,  Clematis ;  Dr.  John  MacWatt,  Primulas  ; 
R.  C.  Notcutt,  flowering  shrubs  ;  W.  Paul  and 
Son,  Roses  ;  J.  Peed  and  Son,  Caladiums,  Glox- 
inias, etc. ;  M.  Prichard,  alpines  ;  Miss  E.  Rohde 
and  Mrs.  Grieve,  herb  garden  ;     C.  Turner,  Roses. 

Silver-Gilt  Grenjell  Medal :  Ryder  and  Sons, 
flowering  shrubs. 

Silver  Gilt  Banksian  Medal. — Barr  and  Sons, 
Iris  ;  G.  and  A.  Clark,  herbaceous  ;  W.  Cutbush 
and  Son,  Roses;  King's  Acre  Nurseries,  fruit 
trees ;  B.  Ladhams,  Limited,  hardy  flowers  ; 
Laxton  Brothers,  Strawberries;  G.  W.  Miller, 
herbaceous  ;    G.  Reuthe,  alpines. 

Silver  Flora  Medal. — R.  Bolton,  Sweet  Peas  ; 
G.  Bunyard  and  Co.,  herbaceous  ;  Sir  William  Cain 
(gardener,  C.  Mcore),  Carnations  ;  Carter  Page  and 
Co.,  flowering  plants  ;  A.  Dawkins,  Schizanthus  ; 
Dobbie  and  Co.,  Antirrhinums  ;  Donard  Nursery 
Co.,  new  and  rare  shrubs ;  J.  Douglas,  Car- 
nations;  Godfrey  and  Son,  flowering  plants; 
Maxwell  and  Eeale,  herbaceous  ;  J.  Piper  and  Son, 
Clematis ;  R.  Prichard,  alpines ;  G.  Reuthe, 
flowering  shrubs  ;  W.  H,  Rogers  and  Son,  alpines  ; 
L.  R.  Russell,  stove  plants  ;  Sanders,  stove  plants  ; 
J.  Stevenson,  Sweet  Peas  ;  Stuart  Low  and  Co., 
Carnations  ;  Waterer,  Sons  and  Crisp,  herbaceous  ; 
E.  Webb  and  Sons,  flowering  plants  ;  W.  Wells, 
Junior,   herbaceous. 

Silver  Grenjell  Medal. — Bakers,  Limited,  her- 
baceous ;  Bowell  and  Skarratt,  herbaceous ; 
Reginald  J.  Cass.  Pelargoniums,  etc.;  Cheal  and 
Sons,  alpines ;  H.  Clarke,  Violas ;  W.  Cutbush 
and  Son,  Carnations;  Dobbie  and  Co.,  Tulips; 
H.  N.  Ellison,  Cacti,  Ferns,  etc.;  Fletcher  Brothers, 
Rhododendrons  and  Conifers ;  C.  H.  Herbert, 
Pinks  ;  Hugh  Mann,  Hydrangeas  ;  Maxwell  and 
Beale,  alpines  ;  J.  Piper  and  Son,  alpines  ;  George 
Prince,  Roses;  Stuart  Low  and  Co.,  Australian 
plants  ;  R.  Tucker  and  Son,  alpines  ;  Yokohama 
Nursery  Co.,  Japanese  trees  and  gardens. 

Silver  Barkiian  Medal.— K.  H.  Bath.  Limited, 
flowering  plants  ;  E.  H.  Causer,  flowering  plants 
and  ferns  ;  J.  Forbes  (Hawick),  Pansies,  Violas, 
Stocks,  Statice;  Harkness  and  Sons,  herbaceous; 
K.  Luxford  and  Co.,  Carnations  ;  Rich  and  Co., 
hardy  flowers;  L.  R.  Russell,  Amaryllis;  Ryder 
and  Son,  Limited,  Iris ;  Storrie  and  Storrie, 
Cinerarias ;  G.  G.  Whitelegg  and  Co.,  Irises ; 
Aubrey  F.  Wootton,  Esq.,  Kit.  (gardener,  W. 
Lamson),   Pelar'goniums. 


June  4,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


285 


CORRESPONDENCE 


SOWING    WALLFLO\A'ERS. 

T  HAVE  read  "  T.  W.  B.'s "  hints  on  how  to 
obtain  the  best  results  from  Wallflowers  with 
considerable  interest.  We  find  that  the  middle 
to  tlie  end  of  June  is  the  best  time  to  sow  them 
in  this  district,  not  later  or  the  plants  do  not 
get  large  enough.  We  grow  the  good  old  sorts, 
Blood  Red  and  Belvoir  Castle,  and  have  also 
had.  among  others.  Ruby  Gem,  Fire  Kmg,  Fairy 
Queen.  Eastern  Queen,  Cloth  of  Gold  and  Scarlet 
King.  We  consider  all  these  varieties  excellent 
for  spring  bedding ;  and  Polyanthus  or  Forget- 
me-nots,  which  we  also  sow  about  now.  can  be 
planted  in  the  beds  in  front  of  the  Wallflowers 
and  look  well.  Gardeners  are  not  always  successful 
in  raising  good  plants  of  Wallflowers,  and  they 
put  down  the  failure  to  late  sowing.  But  experience 
shows  that  this  alone  is  not  responsible  for  failure  ; 
you  can  sow  your  Wallflowers  in  JIarch  and  still 
have  bad  plants  for  October  planting,  and  you 
can  also  sow  in  June,  or  even  in  July,  and  with 
care  get  splendid  plants  by  the  autumn.  It  is 
advisable  to  sow  in  a  frame  in  shallow  drills  and 
keep  well  watered.  They  must  not  be  long  in 
the  seed-bed.  and  as  soon  as  large  enough  to 
handle  they  should  be  pricked  out.  sins,  to  4ins. 
apart,  in  sunny  reserve  beds.  Water  well,  and 
be  sure  in  the  early  stages  they  do  not  suffer  for 
want  of  water,  for  that  is  what  checks  their  growth. 
Soot-water  is  splendid  for  them,  or  a  very  weak 
solution  of  nitrate  of  soda.  This  encourages 
them  to  make  quick,  yet  sturdy  growth,  which 
is  so  much  to  be  desired.  The  soil  for  pricking 
out  Wallflowers  should  be  light  and  friable :  they 
do  not  get  on  nearly  so  well  in  strong,  clayey  soils 
in  this  early  stage.  If  the  soil  is  heavy,  mix 
some  sand  and  old  potting  soil  in  with  it.  and 
break  up  the  clav  as  much  as  possible. — E.  T. 
Ellis,    Westieooi,  Eccksall,  Sheffield. 

HOW    A    VIEW    WAS    OBTAINED 

THROUGH    A    HIGH    HOLLY   HEDGE. 

■y'lSITING   a   friend   who  had   taken   part   of   a 

beautiful   old    farmhouse   on    the   brow   of   a 

hill.   I  found  the  extensive  view  completely  shut 

out  by  a  high  Holly  hedge  at  the  end  of  a  long 


THE  VIEW  THROUGH  THE  HEDGE. 

garden.  As  the  sitting-room  window  faced  that 
way.  and  the  proprietor  objected  to  the  hedge 
being  shortened  or  taken  away,  we  carefully 
examined  it  to  ascertain  its  possibilities,  and 
finding  four  upright  stems  equi-distant,  obtained 
permission  to  cut  a  window.     The  growth  of  the 


Holly  stems  in  an  upward  direction  suggested 
a  Gothic  form,  and  after  a  considerable  amount 
of  labour  with  saw,  garden  scissors  and  a  sharp 
clasp  knife,  not  forgetting  our  thick  leather  gloves, 
we  evolved  the  window  shown  in  tlie  illustration, 
disclosing  one  of  the  loveliest  views  in  the  county 
and  adding  largely  to  the  charm  of  both  garden 
and  sitting  room.  It  is,  of  course,  not  always 
possible  to  find  suitable  stems  and  branches  for 
this  particular  style,  but  probably  many  views 
might  be  obtained  by  means  of  circular,  square 
or  other  shapes  made  in  hedges  where  the  view 
is  obscured.  The  form  could  only  be  decided 
upon  by  examining  the  nature  of  the  trees  com- 
posing it.  It  often  happens  that  hedges  never 
intended  to  destroy  views  are  neglected  and 
allowed  to  grow  until  the  wide  prospect  hidden 
is  altogether  forgotten. — Kate  .A.shlev. 

WHAT    IS    A    BORDER    CARNATION? 

"piRST  let  me  assure  Mr.  AUwood  that  he  has  my 
sincere  sympathy  in  the  most  unfortunate  posi- 
tion he.  with  certain  other  Perpetual  Carnation 
firms  (always  excepting  Mr.  Englemann),  "  find 
themselves."  For  some  years  past  they  have  decried 
the  Border  Carnation  to  visitors  at  the  R.H.S. 
shows  and  elsewhere  as  a  poor  institution,  shaky 
and  tottering  to  its  fall,  a  weakling  on  no  account 
to  be  encouraged  in  the  garden  and  certainly ; 
immeasurably  below  the  Perpetual  as  a  flower  for 
the  border.  Public  opinion  having  now  detected 
that  fallacy,  behold  these  unfortunate  firms 
reduced  to  the  ignominious  position  of  having  to 
purchase  large  quantities  of  Border  Carnations 
from  all  and  sundry  to  supply  the  rapidly  growing 
demands  of  their  clamorous  customers,  Messrs. 
AUwoods  alone  having  to  procure  thousands 
yearly  for  their  clientele,  who  insist  on  being 
supplied  with  the  genuine  Border  Carnation. 
That,  sir,  is  the  best  testimonial  we  Border  men 
need.  I  cannot  imagine  what  unkind  spirit  works 
in  the  hearts  of  some  men,  who  find  pleasure  in 
decrying  one  glorious  gift  of  nature  for  the  purpose 
of  bringing  into  prominence  another.  Surely  there 
is  room  for  all.  The  Border  Carnation,  having 
weathered  the  storms  of  350  winters,  its  glorious 
form  and  colourings,  its  seductive  and  aromatic 
perfume,  will  cheer  the  lives  of  men  and  women 
long  after  the  names  of  Allwood  and  Douglas  are 
forgotten  as  Carnation  growers.  The  Perpetual- 
Border  is  not  a  new  thmg ;  quite  ten  years  before 
Messrs.  Allwoods  founded  their  firm,  we  raised 
thousands  at  Edenside,  and  rightly  or  wTongly 
turned  them  down  because  we  found  that  the 
Perpetual  blood  in  the  strain  caused  the  plants 
to  be  soft  in  constitution  and  excessively  lanky  ; 
both  unpardonable  faults  in  a  Border  Carnation. 
We  therefore  concentrated  our  efforts  in  the 
direction  of  the  Clove  section,  and  have  now  a 
giant  strain  of  stiff,  rigid  stemmed,  non-bursting 
clove-scented  varieties  that  are  imequalled  as 
Border  Carnations.  .\nd  through  all  we  have 
prescribed  the  form  of  the  Border  Carnation,  that 
jealously  guarded  possession,  the  external  standard 
of  symmetrical  perfection  so  dear  to  the  heart  of 
the  old  florist  and  so  admired  by  the  thousands 
of  visitors  who  frequent  the  large  shows  of 
to-day. 

Mr.  Allwood's  observations  on  the  merits  of  the 
cult  are  expressions  of  opinion  to  which  he  is  quite 
entitled,  but  I  must  beg  of  him  to  allow  me  most 
courteously  to  put  him  right  on  a  point  of  fact. 
He  takes  warm  exception  to  the  action  of  the 
National  Carnation  Society  in  rejecting  his  sugges- 
tion to  admit  Perpetual-Borders,  etc.,  into  the 
classes  of  the  Society.  I  wonder  what  the  stewards 
of  the  Jockey  Club  would  say  if  he  entered  his 


she-mule  for  the  Oaks.  The  very  life  and  soul 
of  these  Societies,  the  very  object  of  their  existence, 
is  to  keep  the  breed  pure.  As  with  horses  and 
dogs,  so  with  the  old  Border  Carnation.  I  heard 
afterwards  that  the  committee  unanimously 
decided  to  turn  down  Mr.  Allwood's  suggestion,  it 
being  stated  that  its  members  having  for  fifty 
years  kept  pure  and  unsullied  the  cult  of  the  Border 
Carnation,  they  regarded  the  introduction  of  base 
American  blood  as  against  the  interests  of  the 
Society  and  that  the  members  and  committee  of  the 
National  Society  intended  to  hand  down  the  tj^pe 
to  posterity  as  pure  as  they  received  it  from 
their  fathers.  To  these  sentiments  I  humbly 
subscribe  ray  warm  approval  before  dismissing 
the  subject. 

Splendid  legend,  splendid  lie !  There  is  one 
part  of  Mr,  .Allwood's  letter  that  fills  me  with  grief. 
He  states  that  the  Border  Carnation  is  developed 
as  an  exhibition  and  not  as  a  border  flower.  Some 
one  has  said  that  facts  are  stranger  than  fiction, 
surely  your  correspondent  is  stranger  than  either. 
What  are  the  facts  ?  Tal<e  my  own  firm  (and  I  sup- 
pose it  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  first  Border  Carna- 
tion specialists  in  Great  Britain).  Last  year  we  had 
nearly  an  acre  of  seedlings  blooming  for  the  first 
time  in  the  border  after  layering  those  we  intended 
to  keep,  they  were  potted  up  and  placed  outside, 
where  they  remained  all  the  winter  and  where  they 
can  be  seen  to-day  with  50,000  named  varieties, 
some  of  them  in  bud  and  awaiting  their  turn  to  be 
taken  inside  to  flower.  All  these  stock  plants 
having  been  nine  months  outside,  exposed  to  the 
frost,  snow  and  rain  of  the  season.  I  presume  it 
will  be  admitted  that  one  must  put  the  flowers 
under  glass  to  obtain  seed.  After  the  seed  is 
harvested  in  October  they  will  be  potted  up  and 
placed  outside  again,  for  a  Border  Carnation  is  far 
happier  in  the  open  border  than  in  a  greenhouse ; 
that  is  an  established  fact,  known  to  all  growers. 
Had  Mr.  Allwood  visited  our  nurseries  he  would 
have  known  this. — James  Douglas,  Edenside, 
Great  Bookham. 

T  AM  glad  such  a  valiant  champion  of  the 
Dianthus  tribe  as  Mr.  Allwood  takes  up  this 
discussion  regarding  Border  Carnations  (see 
page  2z5).  Glad,  too,  that  we  should  get  the 
views  of  a  noted  grower  whose  natural  leanings, 
perhaps,  tend  towards  the  Perpetual-Flowering 
Carnations  which  form  the  main  part  of  his  interests, 
for  this  will  help  to  keep  the  purely  "  Border  " 
men  from  worshipping  too  closely  at  the  shrine 
of  what  might  appear  to  be  a  false  god.  But  after 
all.  we  set  out  to  ask  what  a  Border  Carnation  is. 
Well,  what  is  it  ?  The  true  Border  Carnation  is  a 
perpetual-flowering  plant  (abusing  the  word 
perpetual  as  it  is  wont  to  be  so  abused  in  this 
connection).  This  may  seem  paradoxical,  or 
even  iconoclastic,  but  I  hold  that  the  plant  in 
question  shows  an  increasing  tendency  to  spindle 
its  side  shoots  in  autumn,  thus  preparing  for  a 
contmued  floral  display  w-hich  only  the  approachmg 
winter  stops.  Constitutionally,  too,  this  Carnation 
is  more  powerfully  adapted,  by  reason  of  its  greater 
hardihood,  to  be  perpetual,  than  the  so-called 
perpetual  variety,  in  that  the  same  plant  would 
go  on  blooming  over  a  greater  number  of  years ; 
which  is  giving  the  more  catholic  meanmg  to  this 
vagrant  word  perpetual. 

Now  I  deem  this  spindling  proclivity  somewhat 
of  a  fault  in  our  border  type  of  Carnation,  and  I 
am  convinced  that  the  true  difference  between  the 
two  races  is  none  otlier  than  a  matter  of  growth 
extension.  A  true  Carnation  makes  grass  bom 
with  a  predisposition  to  shoot  towards  early 
bloom,  the  result,  doubtless,  of  long  culture  in 
mild  or  w-arni  temperatures.  I  may  e\'en  suppose 
that  every  bit  of  grass  formed  would  spindle 
early  but  for  the  practice  of  pinching,  adopted  to 


286 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,  1921. 


prevent  it,  and  even  the  secondary  growths  made 
after  pinching  would  do  likewise  if  such  were  not 
checked  by  being  made  into  cuttings  for  propaga- 
tion. I  use  the  expression  early  spindling,  or  more 
correctly  continuously  spindling  because  naturally 
every  side  growth  made  is  an  incipient  bloom  spike 
in  time,  that  time  being  for  the  Border  Carnation, 
generally  speaking,  the  following  year,  and  for  the 
perpetual  type,  as  soon  as  the  amount  of  artificial 
heat  at  command  allows  it.  This  is  the  secret 
of  the  Perpetual  Carnation  being  inherently 
unsuitable  in  habit  for  outdoor  cultivation,  and  it 
is  accentuated  by  an  inclination  towards  top 
growth,  and  the  formation  of  a  top-heavy  plant 
with  a  bare  and  woody  stem.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  border  type  makes  its  grass  towards  the  bottom 
of  the  plant ;  that  grass  does  not  readily  elongate 
into  flower  stems  until  the  following  season, 
though,  as  I  have  hinted,  sometimes  it  does,  but 
in  the  main  the  plant  retains  its  ideal  border  habit 
which  will,  so  long  as  this  type  is  bred  pure, 
continue  to  mark  it  as,  par  excellence,  the  best 
and,  indeed,  the  only  good  outdoor  Carnation. 

And  through  this  argument  I  come  to  the  point 
where  I  think  Mr.  Allwood  is  at  fault  in  his  denuncia- 
tion of  the  National  Carnation  Society.  He  very 
kindly  offered  special  prizes  for  displays  of  his 
firm's  Border  Perpetual  or  Perpetual  Border 
Carnations  which  the  Committee  could  not  see 
their  way  to  accept.  One  of  the  prime  and  most 
important  functions  of  the  Society  is  to  foster  a 
pure  and  true  cultivation  of  the  Border  Carnation, 
and  it  was  in  no  spirit  of  narrow  conservatism 
that  Mr.  Allwood's  offer  was  declined.  The  Com- 
mittee (and  I  speak  with  authority  for  I  w-as  one 
of  that  Committee)  appreciated  his  generosity, 
but  felt  it  would  be  a  mistake  to  comingle 
the  two  varieties  until  it  is  more  clearly 
demonstrated  that  this  marriage  of  types  is 
eugenically  justified.  We  do  not  think  it  will  be. 
The  Border  Carnation  is  undeniably  the  most 
perfectly  formed  Carnation  in  e.\istence.  and  this 
virtue  is  worthy  of  jealous  guardianship.  As  a 
parting  passage  at  arms  with  my  friend,  Mr. 
Allwood,  I  hope  he  will  excuse  me  when  I  say  it 
was  hardly  like  his  usual  good  sportsmansliip 
to  dub  the  Border  Carnation  a  pampered  pet. 
Full  well  he  knows  that  no  grower  of  repute  gives 
the  faintest  shadow  of  pampering  to  his  plants. 
The  Border  Carnation  in  good  hands  knows 
nothing  at  all  of  artificial  heat,  that  benign  in- 
dulgence being  left  entirely  for  the  comfort  of  its 
less  hardy  cousin. — J.  L.  Gibson. 

PERNETTYAS    NOT     FRUITING. 

COME  four  or  five  years  ago  some  twenty-five 
Pernettyas  were  acquired  from  a  well  known 
nursery  garden,  but  although  they  were  picked  out 
for  their  berries  and  were  particularly  attractive 
when  planted,  they  have  ever  since  failed  to  set 
berries.  About  eighteen  months  ago  some  more 
Pernettyas  were  bought  from  the  Donard  Nursery 
Company,  Newcastle,  Co.  Down,  and  with  these 
came  a  certain  number  of  male  plants,  extra  gratis. 
These  Pernettyas  fruited  well  last  year  and,  as  a 
result,  some  more  of  the  male  plants  were  acquired 
from  the  Bonard  Nursery  Company  and  planted 
among  those  plants  which  had  refused  to  berry. 
These  are  now  in  full  flower  and  on  examination 
it  is'  easily  seen  that  the  plant  is  dioecious — ^the 
pistil  being  very  long  and  there  being  practically 
no  stamens  in  the  male  form,  while  in  the  female 
form  the  pistil  is  quite  short  and  hardly  visible. 
The  male  form  must  be  planted  if  success  is 
wished  for,  and,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  practically 
no  nurserymen  stock  the  male  plant.  This  note  is 
written  by  one  who  has  suffered,  through  ignorance, 
for  the  use  of  others  who  still  may  be  thus 
suffering  and  so  missing  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
berried  plants  hardy  in  this  country, — L.    R. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Rock  Garden. — Some  of  the  stronger  growing 
plants  need  curtailing  or  they  may  smother  the 
more  delicate  growing  ones.  .As  the  Aubrietias  pass 
out  of  flower  they  should  have  their  flower  stems 
trimmed  off.  and  where  necessary  a  batch  of 
cuttings  of  the  best  varieties  should  be  put  in  a 
cold  frame  in  a  light,  sandy  compost,  where  they 
will  root  readily.  In  fact  they  will  root  quite  well 
if  put  in  on  a  border  in  a  somewhat  sheltered  spot 
out  of  doors.  Cuttings  of  the  double  .Arabis  will 
also  quickly  root  now  if  treated  in  the  same  manner. 
Should  the  surface  of  the  ground  be  hard  it  should 
be  pricked  out  especially  around  some  of  the 
choicer  subjects,  and  where  growth  is  unsatisfactory, 
apply  a  suitable  top-dressing.  Any  gaps  should 
be  temporarily  filled  with  a  few  suitable  annuals, 
such  as  Eschscholzia  tenuifolia  (primrose  colour), 
lonopsidium  acaule  (a  rapidly  growing  miniature 
plant  having  lilac  flowers),  Leptosiphon  hybridus, 
Phacelia  campanularia,  Nemesia  in  its  various 
colours  and  Night-scented  Stock  ;  these,  to  men- 
tion just  a  few  of  the  many  which  can  be  used  for 
this  purpose. 

Cbeiranthus  AlUonii  is  one  of  the  best  orange- 
toned  spring  plants  we  have,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
effective  I  know  of  for  massing,  and  its  lasting 
properties  are  excellent.  Sown  now  and  treated  like 
the  Wallflower,  good  plants  are  ready  for  their 
flowering  quarters  in  the  autumn. 

Bellis  perennis. — This  old  time  subject  is 
hardly  so  popular  as  formerly,  but  it  is  quite  useful 
in  the  spring  garden  as  an  edging  sometimes  and 
adds  variety.  Plants  are  very  easily  raised  from 
seed,  but  the  difficulty  is  to  get  them  sufficiently 
true  to  rely  upon.  The  offsets  taken  from  around 
the  old  plants  is  a  good  way  of  increasing  and 
keeping  the  stock  of  the  most  desirable  ones. 

Staking  and  Tying  require  frequent  attention 
and  should  be  carried  out  before  plants  fall  about 
or  become  too  much  entangled  with  one  another. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Celery. — The  early  pb.nts  must  be  got  into  the 
trenches  before  they  become  too  far  advanced,  and 
thus  lessen  the  chance  of  a  check  through  flagging. 
It  is  almost  impossible  to  treat  this  plant  too 
liberally,  so  as  much  well  decayed  manure  as 
possible  should  be  worked  into  the  trenches.  The 
plants  should  be  well  watered  in  and  sprayed  each 
evening  after  a  hot  day  until  well  established. 

Swedes. — These  on  accovmt  of  their  hardiness 
alone  are  well  worth  growing  to  augment  the  winter 
vegetable  supply.  -A  sowing  may  be  made  now, 
and  again  in  a  month's  time,  in  drills  iSins.  apart. 

Tomatoes  growing  in  pots,  beds  or  boxes  and 
yielding  heavy  crops  of  fruit  must  receive  regular 
feeding  either  by  top  dressing  or  by  the  application 
of  stimulants  when  watering.  The  removal  of  the 
point  of  main  stem  after  five  or  six-  trusses  are  set, 
from  a  portion  of  the  plants  will  assist  in  con- 
centrating the  energies  upon  the  quicker  de\'elop- 
ment  of  the  fruit.  .\11  lateral  growth  must  be 
restricted  and  an  occasional  fumigating  given  where 
white  fly  is  troublesome,  taking  care  to  first  remove 
all  ripe  and  ripening  fruits. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

General  Work. — If  not  already  done,  the  dis- 
budding and  thinning  of  wall  fruits  should  be 
carried  out  as  early  as  possible.  An  occasional 
syringing  with  a  reliable  insectitude  is  of  great 
help  to  keep  aphis  in  check  on  such  fruits  as  Peaches. 
Plums  and  Morello  Cherries,  and  frequent  and 
thorough  syringing  with  clear  water  should  be 
given  to  ward  off  red  spider,  and  generally  assist 
the  trees  to  make  clean  and  vigorous  growth. 
Newly  planted  trees  against  walls  and  fences  must 
not  suffer  from  lack  of  moisture. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Flowering  Plants  of  Calceolarias,  Streptosolens. 
Schizanthus  and  other  annuals  should  be  kept  as 
cool  as  possible  and  shaded  from  bright  sunshine. 
Young  plants  of  the  latter  should  be  potted  on  and 
grown  in  cold  frames,  for  brightening  the  con- 
servatory later  on  in  conjunction  with  such  subjects 
as  Fuchsias,  Campanulas  and  Lilies,  which  are  now 
coming  along  for  the  purpose.  Should  there  be 
a  scarcity  of  suitable  plants  for  the  conservatory  in 
August  and  September,  a  sowing  of  such  annuals  as 
Clarkias,  Larkspurs,  Godetias  and  pink  Malopes, 
made  now,  would  be  found  extremely  useful. 
H.  Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 

Albury    Park    Gardens,   GtiiId,'ord. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Onions. — Transplanted  Onions  will  be  growing 
freely,  but  should  the  weather  be  drj'  they  will 
benefit  much  by  copious  waterings  occasionallv. 
Before  watering,  a  dusting  of  soot  between  the 
lines  will  be  an  additional  advantage.  Should 
the  ground  become  caked  and  hard  on  the  surface, 
loosen  with  a  fine  cultivator  or  hoe.  A  light 
mulching  of  short,  well  rotted  manure  may  be 
added  after  a  period,  as  this  tends  towards  a 
\igorous  growth  and  keeps  the  root-run  cool. 

Cauliflowers. — Reasonable  quantities  of  Early 
Erfurt  and  Walcheren  should  be  got  out  now,  but 
it  is  not  advisable  to  plant  in  too  large  breadths 
at  once,  as  this  often  results  in  a  quantity  being 
ready  at  one  time  with  consequent  waste. 

Turnips. — Thin  early  sowings  as  they  reach 
a  suitable  size,  and  continue  with  successional 
sowings,  as  this  is  a  guarantee  for  fresh  roots. 
Thinner  sowings  may  be  adopted,  as  seed  germinates 
more  freely  now. 

Leeks. — As  soon  as  ready,  a  good  quantity  of 
these  should  be  planted  out  in  a  deep  rich  soil, 
as  Leeks  are  gross  feeders.  Good  results  may 
be  obtained  by  drawing  deep  drills  with  the 
corner  of  the  draw  hoe  and  planting  deeply  with 
a  dibber,  only  partially  filling  the  hole  when 
planting.  Allow  about  i^ins.  between  the  rows 
and  6ins.  between  the  plants.  If  special  results 
are  aimed  at,  the  crop  should  be  planted  in  narrow, 
well  manured  trenches,  while  the  plants  should 
be  earthed  up  gr  dually  to  secure  a  fine  length  of 
blanch. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

late  Vines  should  now  be  well  set  and  ready 
for  thinning.  Use  judgment  in  the  work,  as  the 
different  sorts  vary  in  length  of  footstalk,  with 
the  result  that  large  berrying  (irapes  borne  on 
short  footstalks  ought  to  be  thinned  freely,  while 
if  the  long  stalked  sorts  receive  the  same  treatment 
they  have  a  loose  appearance  that  spoils  the 
symmetry  of  the  bunches  entirely.  Where  possible, 
keep  up  a  brisk  temperature,  and  make  the  most 
of  the  swelling  period  by  giving  manure  water 
or  other  suitable  stimulants.  While  artificial 
heat  is  at  a  premiuin,  it  is  well  to  close  the  house 
early,  with  plenty  of  atmospheric  moisture 

Orchard  House. — Late  Peaches  and  ot'ier 
stone  fruits  should  be  thinned  before  the  stoning 
period,  while  care  should  be  taken  that  none  is 
too  heavily  cropped.  It  is  sometimes  desirable 
to  give  a  slight  dusting  of  lime  to  stone  fruits, 
also  a  watering  with  soot  water.  Early  crops 
should  receive  generous  waterings  of  farmyard 
and  artificial  manure  alternately.  Keep  the 
svringe  going  daily  until  the  fruits  show  signs  of 
ripening,   when  syringing  must  stop. 

iVlelons. — Close  up  pits  or  frames  early  and  con- 
ser\'e  all  svm-heat,  as  Alelons  enjoy  a  high  tempera- 
ture, provided  it  is  sufficiently  moist.  .Attend  to 
the  usual  stopping,  when  necessary,  and  also  to 
hand  fertilisation.  .As  fruits  form,  place  a  piece 
of  slate  or  board  under  each  so  that  they  may  be 
kept  off  the  wet  soil. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Sweet  Peas  will  now  be  growing  strongly,  so 
should  be  attended  to  in  the  way  of  tying  in  any 
loose  shoots  or  thinning  out  lightly,  where 
necessary.  Where  extra  large  blooms  are  required, 
the  plants  are  generally  grown  singly,  so  dis- 
budding must  be  attended  to,  also  watering  and 
feeding  regularly.  When  a  mulching  can  be 
applied,  it  lessens  the  need  for  watering  and  is 
of  great  benefit  to  the  plants. 

Erysimum  Perofskianura. — ^If  sown  now  in 
the  open  strong  plants  will  be  ready  for  autumn 
planting,  and,  treated  thus,  good  results  may 
be  had  during  the  spring  months.  This  is  a 
welcome  addition  to  the  spring-flowering  group, 
its  attractive  orange  coloured  flowers  and 
pyramidal  habit  being  greatly  admired.  It 
grows  to  about  if  ins.   in  height. 

Genista  praeCOX. — This  handsome  Broom  has 
again  flowered  profusely,  so  should  be  subjected 
to  judicious  pruning  immediately  the  flowering 
season  is  over.  This  applies  more  particularly 
where  it  is  desirable  to  keep  the  plants  within 
bounds.  In  the  open  shrubbery  or  woodland 
they  may  be  allowed  to  extend  their  growth 
freely,  unless  they  are  inclined  to  become  top- 
heavy. 

Iames  McGran 
(Gardener  to  Sir  Heru-y  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 
(  oodham,    Kilmarnock. 


June  4,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


HERBERT  JONES,         Garden  Architect. 

Formal    Gardens    a    Speciality. 


REAL       STONE 

Garden 
Ornaments 

ORIGINAL     DESIGNS 

OF 

OLD   GREY  COLOUR 


ALL  DESIGNS 
REGISTERED 


Write  for  full 
particulars  to 

Architect     Department, 
12,  Bedford  Row, 

London,   W.C., 
or  to  the 
Works    Department. 


A  view  of  our  Formal  Garden  at  Chelsea  Show. 


HORSECOMBE    STONE    WORKS,    BATH. 


G.  G.  WHITELEGG  &  CO. 


New  Strawberry,  "  Hatfield  Victor." 

This  \"ariety  caused  quite  a  sensation  during  the  past 
season.  The  extiMordinary  size  of  the  fruit,  and  the  fine 
colour  and  flavour,  place  it  quite  in  a  class  by  itst  If.  It  is 
a  very  strong  grower,  a  free  cropper,  and  forces  well. 

Strong   Plants,    10/6  per  doz. 
New  Strawberry,  ''  Hatfield  Premier." 

This  second  tarly  variety  is  particularly  ntitsble  for  its 
magniricent  flavour,  which  excels  that  nf  any  other  \'ariety 
in  cultivation.  The  fruit  is  of  conical  shape  large  anJ 
very  highly  cnloured.  A  sirong  grower,  and  an  enormous 
cropper,  we  strongly  recommend  "  Hatfield  Premier  "  as 
the  best  variety  for  general  cultivation,  and  also  for 
forcing. 

Strong   Plants,   16/-  per  doz. 

New  Red  Currant,  ''  Littlecroft  Beauty." 

No  written  description  can  do  justice  to  this  splendid 
hardy  fruit.  It  is  seldom  that  a  new  variety  is  sent  out 
which  is  such  a  striking  advance  on  the  older  sorts  in 
cultivation.  An  extraordinarily  free  cropper  with  bunches 
and  individual  fruit  of  immense  size,  this  is  one  of  the 
most  profitahle  fruits  for  every  garden,  and  should  be 
planteJ  in  quantity. 

Strong   Plants,    1/6  each,    16/-   per  doz. 
The  *'  Newberry." 

The  results  of  a  cross  between  the  old  Loganb^rny  and 
Raspberry  "Superlative"  this  is  quite  the  best  of  the 
numerous  hardy  berries  in  cultivation.  Th  fruit  is  very 
targe,  coreless  and  practically  seedless  with  a  raspberry 
flavour.  The  plant  is  an  exceedingly  heavy  cropper,  strong 
canes  bearing  as  many  as  four  hundred  fruits. 

2/-  each,  21/-  per  doz. 


SPECIALITIES 


The  Rock  and  Water  Garden,  possessing  as  it 
does  an  infinitely  varied  and  permanent  beauty 
of  its  own,  must  be  an  essential  feature  in  every 
planned  garden.  Properly  designed  and  planted 
well  it  provides  a  source  of  interest  and  pleasure 
throughout  the  whole  year. 

We  are  specialists  in  this  work,  and  our  long 
experience  in  desgn  and  construction  ensures 
satisfactory  results.  Our  collection  of  Plants  for 
the  Rock  Garden  at  our  Chislehurst  Nurseries  is 
very  complete,  and  includes  everything   of  real 


value. 


HERBACEOUS   BORDERS. 


Herbaceous  Plants  are  also  a  feature  of  our  Nur- 
series, and  our  stock  is  in  very  fine  condition. 

ROSES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES  &  SHRUBS, 
AND  FRUIT  TREES. 

These  are  grown  in  large  quantities  at  our 
Orpington  Nurseries,  and  are  of  the  very  finest 
quality.  We  have  discarded  all  old  and  second- 
rate  varieties,  and  our  collections  are  thoroughly 
up-to-date  in  all  respects. 


It  is  gratifying  to  note  the  increasing  popularity 
of  these  lovely  flowers,  which  stand  unris-alled 
for  diversity  ot  colour  and  beauty  of  form  in  the 
early  Summer  garden.  Our  magnificent  collec- 
tion of  varieties  and  species  at  our  Orpington 
Nurseries  is  one  of  the  finest  in  existenc  ■,  and 
includes  the  latest  new  varieties  raised  by  the 
leading    hybridists  in   this  country  and   abroad. 


Oup  New  Catalogue  will 
be  ready  in  June  and  will 
be   sent   free  on    request. 


IRIS     HOOGIANA 

A.M.,     R.H.S.,     1919 

We  have  a  large  stock  of  this  wonderful  new 
Iris,  which  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
garden  plants  introduced  during  recent  years. 
It  grows  about  2J  to  3ft.  high,  and  carries  in 
great  profusion  large  blooms  of  a  lovely  shade 
of  pale  soft  blue.       Plant  early  in  October. 

Price    1/3   each,    12/-    per  doz. 


THE  NURSERIES,      CHISLEHURST 


And  ORPINGTON, 
KENT. 


Telephone : 
BROMLEY  1332. 


VIU. 


sTHE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,   1921. 


r 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

IS  THE  BEST  FOR  GREEN- 
HOUSES 12  TO  50  FEET 
LONG.   MADE  IN  FIVE  SIZES. 


38.000. SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN    A    FEW     HOURS 

Used  in  the  R.H.S.  and  Botanic 
Gardens  and  by  thousands  of 
satisfied       Amateurs     everywhere 

LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


: 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

>f   »   tf 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for   Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,      and 

.Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


GARDEN   FURNITURE 


Greenhouses 

Garden     .      . 

.     Frames 

Etc. 

Lists    Free. 


For  Other  Designs  send  for  Illustrated  Book, "  For  the  Garden." 


THE  ■■  BUCKINCHA.M  ■■  SEAT  and  TABLE,  substmtially  con- 
structed of  selected  red  deal  left  rough  from  the  saw,  except  the 
Slats  of  Seat  and  Table,  which  are  planed. 

They  are  finished  with  a  special  preservative  which  protects  the 
wood  from  the  weather,  and  makes  them  look  JUST  LIKE  OAK. 
An  Ideal  Seat  for  Tea.  Club  or  Private  Gardens,  Bowling  Greens. 
etc..  being  specially  constructed  to  stand  hard  wear. 
Length  of  Seat  4ft.  6in.  Other  sizes  to  order.  It  is  very  ine.\pensive 
and  really  an  ornamental  seat,  35/-  each  ;  66/-  for  2  seats  or  2  tables, 
or  1  seat  and  1  table  ;  98/-  for3  seats  or  3  tables,  or  2  seats  and  1  table. 
This  seat,  finished  smooth  and  painted  3  -coats,  white  or  green, 
£2  8/-  each.     AH  Carri.igc  Piiid.     Cash  u-itb  Order. 

W.  T.  REVITT,  Railway  Works,  OLNEY. 


33rd    SEASON. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD    AND     CHEAP. 

Orders  overlS/-  post  free.      Under,  please  add  4d.  to  help  meet 
high  rate  of  postage.      Half  lots  same  rate.      1  2/-  worth  for  1 0/-. 


Stronn  onf  yar  oUl  Alpine  Pinks,  Aquilegia,  Auriculas, 
Brompton  Stocks,  Canterbury  Bells,  Carnations,  eood 
i'Onl'T  doubles,  Chinese  Pinks,  Ctirysanthemum  Maximiinj. 
Coreopsis  fir.-^niiiHora,  Dianthus,  Qaillardia  prandillora. 
Hollyhocks,  6,  1/4. 

Stronc  Sprinj.  sown,  best  varieties  procurable.  Broccoli, 
Mammoth  and ''April  Queen;  Cauliflower  Early  London, 
liest  of  All  and  Autumn  Giant;  Sprouting  Broccoli. 
Brussels  Sprouts  Kelway's  Gi.ant,  Exhibition.  MatclUcss ; 
Cabbage,  .:»  best  sorts ;  Coleworts,  Curled  Kale,  Asparagus 
Kale,  Leeks  Prizetaker.  Lyon.  Champion  ;  Onions  Bedford- 
shire Champion,  Giant  Zitta'u  and  Rocea  ;  Savoy  Best  of  All, 
100.  1/a,  300.  4/6;  Winter  Qreens. 

Strong  transplanted  Vegetable  Marrows,  trailini:  or  bush, 
i;.  1/0.  Cucumber  Jun"  of  Ridge,  Bedfordshire  Prize,  C,  1/B. 
Cucumber  Telegraph,  Rochfords.  best  for  house  or  frame, 
3,1/9.  Pumpkin  Mammoth  Hundredwciglit,  4, 1./4.  Tomato, 
large,  strong,  sturdv  plants,  showing  Hower.  6,  1/9.  Parsley, 
12,  1/4.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint,  Marjoram,  6,  1/4.  Chives, 
20,  1/4. 

Strong  Climbers.  Passion   Flower,  hardy,  blue  and  white, 

2,  1/4.     Canary   Creeper,   craeetul,   quiek   climber,    12,    1/6. 
Cobea  scandens,  handsome,  rapid  climl«?r.  Large  Durple  flowers, 

3,  1/fi. 

Sweet  Pea  plants,  separate  colours,  20,  1/6.  Mlxea,  best 
large  (lowering,  waved,  etc.,  30,  1/6.  Pea  plants,  eating,  best 
Marrowfats,  25, 1/4. 

Bean  plants,  Kidnej'^dwarf,  25,  1/4. 

SUMMER     BEDDING. 

strong  transplanted  plants.  Ageratum,  blue  or  mauve, 
15,  1/6.  Antirrhinums,  all  the  new  lovily  roloiirs,  separate 
or  mixed.  12,  1/6.  Asters,  double  scarlet  or  white.  12.  1/4. 
Asters,  best  doubles.  15,  1/0.  Asters,  single  China,  pink, 
scarlet,  crimson,  mauve.  Apple  blo-som,  15,  1/6,  Balsams, 
double,  12.  1 '4.  Calceolarias,  6, 1/6.  Coreopsis  Drummondii, 
15,  1/6.  Chrysanthemums,  annuals,  double  and  single,  12, 
1/6,  Cornflower  Kelway's  blue,  12,  1/6.  Clarkia  elegans, 
orange  and  Salmon  King,  12,  1/4.  Dahlias,  double,  single, 
Co!os=al,  Giant  Perfection.  Cactus,  Pseony,  Collarette  and 
Crimson  Odorata,  4,  1/4.  Dianthus,  double  or  single,  12,  1/4. 
Echeveria  glaucus  rosettes  red  hanging  flowers,  4,  1/4. 
Qaillardia  Picta,  12,  1/4,  Heliotrope  regale,  enormons 
heads  of  fragrant  bloom,  splendid  bedder,  4,  1/4.  Kochia 
Cliildsii,  greatly  improved  summer  Cypress  8,  1/4. 
Larkspur,  scarlet  or  blue,  12,  1,6.  Lobelia,  best  dwarf, 
compact,  dark  or  light  blue,  from  cuttings,  20,  1/6;      trans- 


planted seedlings,  50,  2/6,  100.  4/-.  White  Lobelia  same  price. 
Marguerites  Covcnt  Garden,  white,  yellow,  sulphur, 
i,  1/4  Mimulus,  Scarlet  Musk,  6.  1/4.  Nicotina  affinlsi 
scented  white.  Tobacco  and  crimson  Sanderfp,  0,  1  /4.  Nemesia 
eompacta  and  Strumosa  Suttonl,  15,  1/6.  Pansies,  best  large 
flowering  and  separate  colours,  12,  1/6.  Pentstemon  Scarlet 
and  large-flowering  hybrids,  4,  1'4.  Petunia  grandiflora  and 
Exhibitiin.  beautiful  colours,  enormous  blooms,  6.  1/4.  Phlox 
Drumrnondi,  12,  1/4.  Salvia,  Scarlet,  Pride  of  Zurich,  4,  1/4. 
Salpiglossis,  rich  colours.  12.  1(4.  Salvia  splemlens  and  Glory, 
rich  scarlet,  4, 1/4.  Schizanthus  Wisetonensls,  12,1/6.  Stocks, 
Ten  Week,  JIammoth  and  Beauty,  15,  1/6.  Verbenas, 
Mammoth  hybrids.  Auricula  eyed,  crimson  and  scarlet.  15, 
1/4.  Violas,  separate  colours'  or  mixed,  12,  1/6.  Zinnia 
elegans,  very  large,  rtoubli-,  Giant  Crlnison  and  grandiflora 
hybrids,  12,  1/6.  100  Good  Bedding  Plants,  10  varieties, 
my  Sell  etloii,  G/-. 

STRONG,   TRANSPLANTED   PLANTS 
FOR  COOL  HOUSE. 

Pot  now  for  grand  show  this  sprint;  and  summer.  Aralia, 
Fii;  Palm,  3,  1/4.  Asparagus  Fern,  trailinj.',  3,  1/6.  Aspara- 
gus Fern,  PIuiuosus,  erect,  "2.,  1/9.  Begonias,  Salmon  Queen, 
llose  Queen,  Crimson  mayniflca  and  sairlet  Prima  Donna, 
4,  1/4.  Begonia  Fuchsioides,  coral  pink,  3,  1/6.  Beauty 
Stocks,  lo\ely  doubles,  6,  1/4.  Cannas,  Crozy's  splendid 
hyl)rids,  4,  1/6.  Celsia  critica,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4. 
Coleus,  clioice  varieties,  pota  or  gan.len,  6,  1/6.  Cyclamen, 
very  choice  strain,  3,  1/6.  Eucalyptus,  blue  irum, 
6,  1/4.  Heliotrope,  large  fragrant,  4,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalls 
Queen  Victoria,  scarlet  spikes,  bronze  foliajie,  4,  1/6.  Lobelia 
cardinalls,  beautiful  hybrids,  4,  1/4.  Nicotiana,  Tobacco, 
red  or  white,  6,  1/4.  Primula  obconica,  lovelv  new  gliint 
hybrids,  3,  1/6.  Salvia  Pride  of  Zurich,  scarlet,  4,  1/6. 
Salvia  coccinea,  brilliant  .=rarlet  4,1/4.  Mother  of  Thousands, 
h:in2ing,  6,  1/4.  Schizanthus,  Wisetonensis,  6,  1/4.  Smilax, 
trailing.  4,  1/4.  Streptocarpus,  lartre  new  hybrids,  4, 
1/4.  Streptocarpus,  lovely  Cape  Primrose,  many  rich 
colours,  lariie  tubular  blossoms,  evergreen  perennial,  almost 
perpetual  flowering,  a  eem  for  pots,  3,  1/6.  Qloxinias, 
started  bulbs,  2,  1/4.  Heliotrope  Rio  des  Noirs,  very  dark, 
large,  fragrant,  4,  1/6. 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  plants  for  house  or  garden,  summer, 
autumn  or  winter  flowering,  white,  yellow,  bronze  and 
mixed,     6,  1/6. 

Celery,  Kelway's  Giant,  solid  white  and  pink,  strong,  trans- 
planted, ready  for  trench,  50,  2/-,  100,  3/-. 

Tritoma,  red  hot  poker,  3,  1/6. 


SUMMER      BEDDING     CATALOGUE      NONA/      READY. 


RS.    PYM,    F.R.H.S., 

10,    VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Ever7   Garden  should  have  its   Beehive. 

Profitable,   easy  to    manage,   and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Send    for    Illustrated   CataloRue    u-iUi 
Advice  to  Beginner-.— Post  Free. 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 

Welwyn,    Herts. 


GARDEN       NETTING. 

Strong  small  mesh.  50  by  1  yd..  5  6;  50  by  2.  11,'-  :  50  by  4, 
£1  :  100  by  1  yd..  11/-:  100  by  2.  £1;  25  by  8,  £1.  New 
nettings,  ^-in.  6d. ;  do.  i-in.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  steam 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  1  quality,  7^d. ;  No.  2  quality.  6d. 
square  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr.  paid,  pass,  train. 
I  hold  the  lar.iiest  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  Write  for  large  list. 
W.   OLIVER  ALLEN,  Net  Maker.   Porthleven.    Cornwall. 

TcU'S'-'i'"^:    Oh\;-r    Allen.    Pnrthlrvci. 


^     Backward  Garden  Produce  top-dressed 
^sl      with  RITO  comes  along  quickly. 


The  Rito  Smite. 


If  your  Potatoes,  Cabbages,  Beans,  or  other  crops  are 
not  coming  on  as  quickly  as  you  wish,  just  try  a  top- 
dressing-  of  RITO  and  then  note  their  marvellous  progress, 

RITO  multiplies  everything  that  grows. 

FROM     ALL     DEALERS— 1     cwt.    23/6,      ^-cwt.     12/-,      J-cwt.    6/9, 

14    lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 

Manufacture.!  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd..  22.  Tunnel  Avenue,  Greenwich.  S.E.  W 


June  4,  1921] 


THE     GARDEN. 


287 


THE   BANE    OF  THE  FRUIT  GARDEN 


Blight  •' 
-as     the 


WOOLLY  APHIS  is  the  source  of 
great  trouble  to  fruit  growers  in 
all  parts  of  the  country.  This 
pest  is  often  called  by  the  mis- 
leading name  of  "  American 
but  this  term  should  not  be  used, 
aphis  is  really  of  European  origin, 
-although  it  has  now  become  so  widely  distri- 
buted that  it  is  found  wherever  Apples  are 
grown.  It  is  frequently  introduced  by  infested 
nursery  stock,  and  no  doubt  this  is  the  way 
in  which  it  has  become  distributed  over  the 
world. 

This  pest  can  be  easily  recognised  by  the  white 
woolly  substance  which  is  secreted  by  both  the 
.adult  females  and  the  young,  and  with  which 
they  are  covered.  The  common  form  consists 
of  wingless  viviparous  females,  which  are  of  a 
purplish  brown  colour.  These  are  alwa^'S  present 
and  are  continually  giving  birth  to  large  numbers 
of  living  young,  which  soon  arrive  at  maturity 
and  produce  young  in  like  manner.  The  "  lice," 
as  the  young  are  called,  may  be  found  in  great 
numbers  in  the  masses  of  wool  which  hang  from 
tie  trees,  and  so  are  easily  dispersed  by  the  wind. 

A  great  ni;mber  of  generations  may  be  produced 
in  a  season,  and  this  accounts  for  the  alarming 
rapidity  with  which  this  pest  increases. 

The  damage  done  is  very  serious  if  allowed  to 
■continue  unchecked.  Multitudes  of  them  con- 
stantly sucking  the  sap  have  a  great  weakening 
•effect  on  the  trees,  and  the  irritation  they  cause 
produces  an  abnormal  growth  or  "  gall,"  which 
in  many  cases  resembles  canker  in  appearance. 
The  usual  appearance  of  the  galls  produced  on 
small  twigs  can  be  seen  from  the  accompanying 
illustration. 

In  addition  to  the  havoc  it  works  above  ground, 
this  insect  also  attacks  the  roots,  where  it  produces 
galls  somewhat  similar  to  those  on  the  twigs. 
There  is  also  a  migration  between  those  above 
ground  and  those  below,  descending  in  the  autumn 
and  ascending  again  in  the  spring.  This  migration, 
however,    is   very  irregular   and   incomplete,    and 


the  aphids  may  be  found  on  the  roots  at  all  times 
of  the  year  as  well  as  on  the  branches.  Those 
found  on  the  roots  are  identical  with  these  found 
above  ground,  and  where  the  latter  are  prevalent 
it  is  safe  to  a'^srune  that  the  root  form  is  present 
also. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  summer  the  wingless 
females  sometimes  give  rise  to  winged  female'., 
which  are  also  viviparous,  though  much  smaller. 
These  winged  females  are  quite  rare  in  this 
country,  however,  but  in  America,  where  they 
are  common,  it  has  been  proved  that  they  migrate 
to  Elm  trees,  and  there  give  rise  to  wingless  male 
and  wingless  oviparous  females  which  attack 
and  curl  the  Elm  leaves.  These  in  turn  produce 
winged  females  which  migrate  back  to  the  Apple. 
It  is  probable  that  there  is  a  similar  migration 
and  alternation  of  generations  in  this  country, 
but  there  is  no  direct  evidence  to  prove 
it,  as  the  winged  form  is  of  such  infrequent 
occurrence. 

Wiirgless  males  and  wingless  oviparous  females 
have  also  been  found  on  the  Apple,  but  are 
extremely  rare.  These  females  each  lay  one 
egg  and  then  die,  the  eggs  remaining  on  the  trees 
all  the  winter  and  hatching  in  the  spring.  The 
usual  method  of  hibernating,  however,  is  for  the 
viviparous  females  to  hide  in  cracks  in  the  bark 
or  in  the  galls  on  the  roots. 

This  pest  is  always  more  or  less  prevalent  in 
old  and  neglected  orchards,  where  the  trees  are 
never  pruned  and  are  covered  with  moss  and 
lichen.  It  is  also  frequently  found  in  young 
plantations,  and  great  care  should  be  taken  not 
to  introduce  it  with  the  nursery  stock  when 
planiing.  Each  young  tree  should  be  carefully 
examined,  and  if  an>  are  found  to  be  infested 
the  whole  lot  should  be  fumigated  with  hydro- 
cyanic acid  gas,  or  if  this  cannot  be  done  they 
should  be  returned  to  the  growers  for  treatment. 
Such  fumigation  will  destroy  all  aphides  which 
are  present,  including  those  on  the  roots. 

It  is  useless  to  attempt  to  eradicate  this  pest 
on  growing  trees  unless  those  below  ground   are 


attacked  as  well  as  those  above.  The  common 
cause  of  failure  is  that  the  root  form  is  ignored, 
and  so  the  aphis  reappears  on  the  branches  the 
following  year  even  when  all  those  visible  were 
destroyed.  Dealing  with  the  subterranean  race 
is  more  difficult  than  with  those  on  the  branches, 
but  the  importance  of  doing  so  cannot  be  over- 
estimated. 

The  only  realh-  effective  method  is  to  inject 
carbon  bisulphide  into  the  soil,  by  means  of  a 
special  injector.  The  injector  should  be  inserted 
into  the  soil  to  a  depth  of  6ins.  and  about  2ft. 
away  from  the  trunk.  Care  should  be  taken 
not  to  come  into  actual  contact  with  a  root,  as 
the  liquid  would  injure  it,  but  the  vapour  does 
not.  About  four  injections  should  be  made  round 
a  fair  sized  tree :  one  ounce  of  carbon  bisulphide 
is  sufficient  for  each  injection.  This  should  be 
done  during  the  winter  or  early  spring,  not  later 
than  March,  but  it  is  important  that  the  ground 
should  be  fairly  dry. 

Where  only  a  few  patches  occur  on  the  branches 
of  young  trees  which  are  easily  accessible,  the 
best  plan  is  to  paint  them  with  methylated  spirit, 
brushing  it  well  into  the  cracks.  This  caimot, 
of  course,  be  done  on  a  large  scale,  and  where  the 
aphis  is  present  in  large  quantities  the  trees  must 
be  sprayed  with  either  a  nicotine  and  soap  wash 
or  paraffin  emulsion,  using  a  coarse  and  powerful 
spray. 

The  success  of  spraying  largely  depends  on  the 
force  and  thoroughness  with  which  the  wash  is 
applied,  as  the  woolly  covering  has  to  be  penetrated 
before  the  insects  themselves  are  reached. 

R.w  Palmer,  F.E.S. 


The  abor?  iUustratioyi  shows  swellings,  or  "galls  "  as  ihey 
are  termed,  which  arc  produced  by  woolly  aphis. 

The  illustralioii  on  the  right    depicts  young  apple  shoots 
attacked  by  woolly  aphis. 


A    USEFUL    TREE    FOR 
CHALKY    SOILS 

ACER  SCHWEDLERI  is  one  of  the  mojt 
satisfactory  trees  that  can  be  grown  in  poor, 

chalky  soil.     It   is  absolutely  hardy   and,    unlike 

the  Sugar  Maple,  is  not  touched  by  spring  frosts. 

It  is  quic'-c   growing    and  the  foliage  a  beautiful 

copper  colour  from 
.April  until 
about  the  end 
of  M  ay,  from 
tin's  time  onwards 
it  gradually 
turns  green. 
the  autumn 
leaves  fading  to 
a  pretty  colour. 
It  is  a  variety 
of  .\.  platauoides, 
but  to  my  mind 
far  more  inter- 
esting than  the 
type,  although  I 
do  not  know  if 
it  ever  grows 
to  the  same  size. 
Here  we  have 
numerous  trees  up 
to  30ft.,  with 
a  girth  of  o\-er 
3ft.  They  were 
planted  between 
thirty  and  forty 
years  ago  and  are 
quite  as  large 
as  the  Norway 
Maples  of  the 
same  age.  — ■ 
Heatlev  Noble, 
H<nle\'-on-Thanus. 


288 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  4,  1921. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS— TAe  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Garden  helpful  to  all  readers  who  desirf 
assistance,  no  matter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  otily. 
and  addressed  to  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tanstock 
Street,  Corent  Garden,  London,  W.C'2.  TJie  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
qiffry  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  secureli/ 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-uvol,  and  fioieering 
shoots,  where  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  POBLISHER. 


these  insects  become  established  the  plants  should  be 
sprayed  with  some  insecticide ;  afterwards  it  will  be 
found  that  spraying  once  a  week  with  weak  liquid  manure 
in  place  of  the  clear  water  will  render  the  foliage  distasteful 
to  the  insects  and  so  do  much  to  prevent  injury  by  them. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

LUPINES  UNSATISFACTORY  (H.  D.  II..  Grimsby).— 
We  thhik  the  cause  of  tlie  trouble  with  the  Lupine  leaf 
must  be  sought  lower  down  in  the  plant.  The  portion 
sent  shows  nothing  to  account  for  it. 

LILIUMS  ATTACKED  (H.  L.  P.  B.,  Somerset).— The 
Lily  leaves  appear  to  be  suffering  from  an  attack  ol 
Botrytis.  The  measures  adopted  by  our  correspondent — 
namely,  spraying  with  a  solution  of  potassium  sulphide — 
are  the  best ;  but,  in  addition,  it  would  be  well  to  prevent 
cold  draughts  or  frosts  from  affecting  the  plants,  as  far 
as  it  is  possible  to  do  so. 

IRISES  ATTACKED  (F.  W.  L.,  Hever).— There  is  a 
grub,  the  larva  of  a  two-winged  fly.  that  burrows  into 
and  devours  the  tissues  of  Iris  leaves.  It  often  does 
much  damage  and  is  difficult  to  deal  with,  but  may  be 
killed  by  pinching  the  leaf  between  the  finger  and  thumb. 
There  is  a  possibility  that  spraying  the  plant  with  a 
nicotine  soap  wash  might  be  effective  in  destroying  the 
grub. 

HOW  TO  ERADICATE  POLYGONUM  FROM  A 
BORDER  (E.  P.,  Canterbury).— fonstant  hoeing  or 
pulling  up  of  the  Polygonum  shoots  is  the  only  means 
likely  to  be  etfective  in  dealing  with  this  plant.  It  is 
not  at  all  likely  that  it  would  be  safe  to  apply  weed-killer 
to  the  path  to  a  sufficient  depth  or  in  sufficient  quantity 
to  kill  it.  or  that  anything  short  of  a  concrete  wall  would 
keei>  it  from  reinvading  tlie  border  when  once  It  has 
been  turned  out. 

IRISES  TO  FLOWER  IN  JUNE  (Felsted).— As  a  ■  tall. 
Bhowy,  June-flowering  Iris  that  increases  well "  and  that 
would  pretty  well  continue  the  colouring  of  Kharput 
we  name  Shalimar,  but  as  it  is  apparently  intended  to 
plant  in  quantity  this  magnificent  variety  may  be  rather 
too  expensive,  in  which  case  pallida  Brionensis  or  Caprice 
would  "  fill  the  bill."  The  following  varieties,  named  bv 
our  correspondent,  may  also  be  confidently  planted": 
Mme.  Chereau,  Albert"  Victor,  Mme.  Pacqiiitte.  Mrs! 
Neubrouner,  Darius,  Jacquiniana  and  Mrs.  Alan  Gray. 

TULIPS  (Felsted).— Generally  the  tall-stemmed  Tulips 
are  best  lifted  and  replanted  in  fresli  ground  at  the  end 
of  every  second  year  at  least,  but  under  suitable  conditions 
of  soil  and  climate  they  may  continue  successfully  over 
a  longer  period.  For  this,  it  is  the  Cottage  varieties  and 
such  species  as  Tulipa  Gesneriana  and  its  varieties,  T. 
Didieri,  T.  fulgens,  T.  macrospila.  and  T.  retroflexa  that 
should  be  tried.  The  Darwin  Tulips  are  not  Ukely  to 
succeed  when  left  in  the  ground,  and  we  fear  that  "even 
the  others  will,  after  a  few  years,  throw  flowers  that 
gradually  become  smaller  and  smaller. 

LILIES  DISEASED  (D.  K.  W.,  Hants).  — The  Lilies 
are  attacked  by  the  Lily  disease  due  to  the  fungus  Botrytis 
cinerea.  If  the  attack  is  only  just  beginning  spraying 
with  potassium  sulphide  will  check  it,  but  it  is  important 
to  see  that  the  Lilies  are  exposed  as  little  as  possible  to 
the  action  of  cold  ^vinds  and  sudden  frosts,  for  it  is  often 
such  foli^e  as  has  been  weakened  by  tfxis  cause  that 
suffers.  Some  Lilies,  like  L.  candidum.  are  the  better 
for  lime  in  the  soil,  and  this  near  the  surface  is  an  aid  to 
preventing  the  spread  of  the  disease.  A  dressing  of 
sulphate  of  potash  at  the  rate  of  ^oz.  to  loz.  to  the  square 
yard  will  be  likely  to  do  some  good  and  may  be  applied 
now. 

DOUBLE  ANTIRRHINUMS  (A.  T.,  Biggar).— We  are 
greatly  interested  in  the  spikes  of  Antirrhinum.  Tlie 
fusion  of  two  flowers  on  a  single  stem  is  quite  a  common 
occurrence  in  the  plant  world,  and  we  often  have  sent 
us  examples  of  flowers  bearing  more  than  the  normal 
number  of  petals,  but  the  spikes  on  which  all  the  flowers 
have  extra  standard  petals  are  much  less  common  and 
of  more  interest  in  that  this  has  occurred  for  the  second 
year'On  a  proportion  of  the  seedlings.  \Vhile  we  shall 
be  interested  In  learning  how  future  seedlings  behave 
in  this  respect,  we  are  of  the  decided  opinion  that  the 
"  doubling  "  of  the  Antirrhinum  is  not  an  improvement. 
The  flowers  have  lost  a  deal  of  the  charm  and  grace  of 
the  typical  form,  though  the  colour  is  very  pleasing. 

VIOLET  CULTIVATION  (H.  T.  M.,  Shrewsbury)  — 
If  the  ground  has  been  properly  prepared  for  the  Violets, 
which  are  to  be  planted  in  frames  later  on,  stimulants 
should  not  be  necessary  at  any  time  while  they  are  in 
the  open  ground  ;  but  should  the  young  plants  not  be 
growing  satisfactorily  they  will  benefit  from  a  light 
dressing  (about  31b.  per  square  rod)  of  sulphate  of 
ammonia  spread  between  the  rows  of  plants  and  well 
watered  in.  Evening  sprayings  with  clear  water,  on 
fine  days,  will  do  much  to  promote  growth  and  to  keep 
the  Violet's  great  enemy,  red  .spider,  in  check.     Should 


ROSE    GARDEN. 

MANURE  FOR  ROSES  (I.  W.,  Murrayfleld).— We 
use  nothing  but  pig  manxire  for  our  Koses.  If  cow  dung 
were  available  we  should  prefer  it,  but  as  it  is  not,  we  use 
the  pig  manure  with  happy  results.  We  do  not  think 
the  attack  of  rust  and  green  fly  necessarily  indicates  a 
8tat«  due  to  manuring,  and  if  early  repressive  measures 
are  adopted,  green  fly  can,  as  a  rule,  be  checked  at  once. 
Are  you  sure  rust  is  present  ?  It  is  extremely  early  to 
see  an  outbreak. 


THE    GREENHOUSE. 

POTTING  CARNATIONS  (Bourton)— If  in  compara- 
tively small  pots  it  Is  certainly  desirable  to  move  the 
plants  into  larger  sizes  when  well  rooted  and  before  they 
are  matted  with  roots.  As  a  rule,  it  is  better  to  prevent 
flowering  by  stopping  the  shoots  until  the  plants  are  in 
the  flowering-size  pots.  Even  now  it  might  be  worth 
while  removing  the  flowering  growths  if  the  plants  are  in 
small  pots  and  move  them  into  a  larger  size.  The 
alternative  is  to  feed  with  liquid  manure  or  guano. 


FRUIT    GARDEN. 

LEAF  CURL  IN  PEACH  AND  NECTARINE  WALL 
TREES  (J.  H,  T.  W.,  Kent).— Little  can  now  be  done  to 
stop  leaf  curl  except  to  remove  the  badly  curled  leaves. 
Next  Febniarj^ — about  the  middle  of  the  month — spray 
the  trees  with  Burgundy  mixture. 

AMERICAN  BLIGHT  (Felsted).- You  probably  do  not 
reach  all  the  woolly  aphis  by  the  application  of  "kerosine. 
Furthermore,  the  mild  seasons  of  the  past  two  or  three 
years  have  probably  left  some  of  the  insects  which  lived 
on  the  upper  part  of  the  tree  aUve.  Persistent  attention 
with  paraflin  emulsion  would  do  much  to  lessen  their 
numbers,  but  it  must  be  applied  so  as  to  reach  the  insects 
in  the  crevices. 

APPLE  TREES  ATTACKED  (M.  V.-M.,  Burley).— 
There  is  no  fungus  on  the  Apple  shoots  sent,  but  examin- 
ation of  the  branches  which  bore  these  shoots  will 
probably  reveal  canker  spots  bearing  greyish  masses  of 
spores,  the  result  of  the  attack  upon  the  tree  of  the 
fungus  Monilia  cinerea.  It  is  best  to  deal  with  this 
disease  in  winter,  cutting  out  all  branches  and  shoots 
that  show  signs  of  its  presence,  but  something  may  be 
done  now  by  removing  diseased  parts.  The  larger  wounds 
should  be  pamted  over  with  lead  paint  as  a  means 'of 
checking  infection.  J 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

WATER  WEEDS  (H.  C.  L.).— The  best  means  of 
destroying  the  surface  water  weed  Is  sulphate  of  copper 
placed  in  a  loosely  woven  bag  and  drawn  across  the 
surface.  The  proportion  of  sulphate  of  copper  to  use 
is  lib.  to  16,000  cubic  feet  of  water. 

SUMMER  CLOUD  (M.  C.  L.).— This  shading  is  usually 
put  on  the  outside  of  a  greenhouse,  as  the  inside  is  damp 
and  in  the  syringing  of  the  plants  it  readily  runs  and 
washes  off.  It  is  desirable  to  use  Summer  Cloud  only 
where  blinds  cannot  be  used  at  the  ends  and  sides  of  "a 
greenhouse.  It  is  not  advisable  for  the  health  of  the 
plants  to  permanently  [shade  the  roof  throughout  the 
summer. 

SEED  VESSEL  FOR  IDENTIFICATION  (P.  J.).— The 
specimen  submitted  for  determination  consists  of  the 
remains  of  a  Pine  cone  that  has  been  attacked  by  squirrels 
for  the  seeds.  It  is  apparently  Pinus  Cembra.the  Stone 
Pine  of  the  mountains  of  Central  Europe  and  Siberia 
The  seeds  are  edible  and  are  largely  consumed  by  the 
Russians  as  we  eat  nuts. 

VARNISHING  ZINC  LABELS  (F.  W.  L.,  Hever).— It 
is  a  difficult  matter  to  properly  coat  zinc  with  any  varnish, 
and  what  does  adlxere  would  certainly  peel  under  strong 
sunshine.  On  the  other  hand,  there  is  no  difficulty  with 
paint,  and  we  recommend  that  the  labels  are  coated  with 
good  white  lead  paint,  and  the  plant  names  written  on 
this  just  before  the  paint  is  dry.  When  thoroughly  dry, 
the  labels  could  be  easily  varnished,  and  would  then 
become  lasting  and  legible  labels.  The  most  suitable 
varnish  is  that  which  is  sold  by  oil  and  colour  men  as 
"  best  white  oil  varnish." 

POND  WEED  (Pettistree).— The  pond  weed  is  Potanio- 
geton  crispus,  one  of  the  twenty  or  more  species  that 
are  found  in  various  parts  of  these  islands.  The  presence 
of  ornamental  Water  Lilies  and  waterfowl  prevents  the 
use  of  any  destructive  chemical.  If  it  were  possible  to 
drain  the  moat  and  keep  It  dry  for  a  season,  digging  up 
all  the  creeping  roots,  this  would  clear  the  weed,  always 
jirovided  tliat  fresh  supplies  did  not  enter  with  the  water. 
But  this,  we  fear,  is  Impracticable  ;  if  so,  the  best  method 
of  keeping  the  weed  under  control  is  by  cutting  it  as  low- 
down  as  possible  during  the  season  "of  growth,  which, 
fortunately,  is  short.  If  the  water  is  too  deep  for  wadmg, 
the  cutting  may  be  done  from  a  punt,  the  workman  using 
an  old  scythe  blade  "  set "  rather  widelv  on  a  stout 
pole. 

NAMES  OF  PLANTS.— Totland.—SaMa  Grahami. 

Thomebroad. — 1.      Spirsea     ulmlfolia ;       2.      Escallonia 

macrantha. .Mrs.   J.   B.   L.,   Surrey. — Pyrus  Aria. 

R.  F.   C  y.  Devon. — 1.   Saxifraga  "granulata   var.   flore 
pleno;     2.    Sedum   Sieboldii ;     3.    Sedum    Sieboldii    var. 

variegatum. W.  W..  Banstead. — Ceanothus  dentatus. 

"  Limington." — Rose  Mme.   .\lfred  Carri^re 


A  Challenge  Cup  for  Paeonies.— Mrs.  Edward 
Harding  of  Burrdey  Farm,  Plainfield,  New  Jersey, 
the  well  known  authority  on  garden  Paeonies, 
has  presented  to  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  a 
sum  of  money  to  be  devoted  to  the  provision  of  a 
cup  in  each  of  the  years  1924,  1925  and  1926,  to 
be  awarded  for  the  best  display  of  Psonies  shown 
by  an  amateur  grower  of  these  flowers.  The  con- 
ditions of  the  competition  for  these  cups  will  be 
arranged  and  published  later ;  but,  meanwhile, 
this  early  notice  is  given  in  order  that  Pajony 
growers  may  make  preparations,  for  the  plants 
need  to  be  well  established  if  they  are  to  produce 
fine  flowers.  Pasonies  are  extremely  popular  as 
garden  plants  in  the  United  States  and  Mrs. 
Harding  sees  no  reason  why  they  should  not  become 
equally  popular  here,  and  it  is  for  this  reason  that 
she  has  offered  these  cups.  Once  properly  planted, 
Paeonies  may  be  left  undisturbed  for  several  years 
— a  valuable  characteristic  in  these  days  when 
garden  labour  is  scarce. 

Conference  on  Irises. — On  the  occasion  of 
the  fortnightly  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  on  June  7  there  will  be,  instead  of  the 
usual  lecture,  an  informal  conference  on  Irises  at 
S  p.m.  Anyone  interested  in  Irises  is  invited  to 
bring  up  specimens,  to  draw  attention  to  points 
in  connection  with  them,  or  to  ask  advice  about 
them. 

Trial  of  Antirrhinums. — The  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society  proposes  to  carry  out  a  trial  of 
Antirrhinums  for  spring  flowering  in  pots  with 
the  object  of  ascertaining  the  varieties  best  for 
this  purpose,  and  of  drawing  greater  attention 
to  the  value  of  these  plants  for  greenhouse  decora- 
tion. The  Director  of  "VVisley  will  be  glad  to 
receive  seeds  of  varieties  for  trial,  which  should 
be  addressed  to  him  at  the  R.H.S.  Gardens,  Wisley, 
Ripley,  Surrey,  to  reach  him  on  or  before  Saturday, 
June  II,  1921. 

Wanted:  Particulars  of  Gardens  Open  to  the 
Public. — The  secretary  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  w-ould  be  greatly  obliged  if  the  owners 
or  head-gardeners  of  those  gardens  which  are 
open  to  the  public  at  certain  times,  either  freely 
or  for  payment,  would  kindly  send  him  par- 
ticulars, together  with  a  note  as  to  any  special 
features  of  the  gardens. 

Lady  Veitch. — As  we  go  to  press  we  much 
regret  to  hear  of  the  death  of  Lady  Veitch,  wife 
of  Sir  Harry  J.  "Veitch,  the  eminent  horticulturist, 
whicli  occured  at  East  Burnham  Park,  Slougli. 
on  Friday,  May  27. 

Mr.  J.  L.  Gibson. — "We  are  interested  to  learn 
that  Mr.  J.  L.  Gibson,  our  well  known  contributor 
on  Border  Carnations,  is  about  to  leave  City  life 
and  to  start  a  nursery.  From  July  i  he  will  be  a 
partner  in  the  firm  of  Lowe  and  Gibson,  Plant 
Hybridisers,  Oakfield  Gardens,  Crawley  Down, 
Sussex,  and  his  energies  will  be  devoted  to  the 
cultivation  of  Aiuiculas,  Border  Carnations,  Irises, 
Delphiniums.  Gladioli  and  Montbretias.  We  wish 
him  every  success. 

A  Good  Weed-Killer.— One  of  the  best  weed, 
killers  is  the  •■  Eureka."  manufactured  by  Messrs. 
Tomlinson  and  Hayward,  Ltd,,  Lincoln.  It  can  be 
had  in  powder  and  liquid  form,  and  is  excellent  for 
keeping  the  gravel  paths  clean  and  bright.  Now 
is  the  time  when  patlis  require  special  attention. 


PCBLICATIOKS   RECEIVED. 


"  The  Carnation  Year  Book,  1921."  edited  bv  J.  B. 
Brunton.  Published  by  the  British  Carnation  "Society. 
Copies  may  be  obtained  from  the  Hon.  Secretary, 
57,  Kidderminster  Road,  Croydon.  S.E. ;  price  2s. 

Villa  and  Cottage  Gardening,  bv  Alexander  Sweet. 
Revised  by  George  .M.  Taylor.  Published  by  the  Walter 
Scott  Publishing  Company,  London. 


Jr\i-;  4.    lo-'i.j 


THE     GARDEN. 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 


N' 


Introduced    188S. 

OTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way,  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation  1     •       —       ,      ^ 

Only    a    match    required    for 
starting  it!     Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone.  I 
Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 

in  this  Fumigatorli 

Prices.— No.  I1  for  Frames  and  "  Lejn-'n's  "  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft,  lOJ.each;  No  2.  for  Smill  Greenhouses  up  to 
I  ,iOO  cubic  ft.,  1  ;3  each  ;  No.  3.  for  general  use  m  Large 
Greenhouses    from    2,000  to  '.^.500  cubic  fc.    1 '9  each 

99     The  New  and  Most   Successful 

GRAFTING    WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HO.ME-.MADE  ■'  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners,  II: , 

It  is  rapidly  tailing  the   place  of  all   Foreign   and    other 
preparations  for  all  Oraft-g  and  Budding  Purposes.! 
rins,  each  9d,,  1 /6,  3,-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

FOWLER^S"L A WN ,  SAND 

ESTABLISHED     IN     1875 

For  destroying  Daisies.  D.induhons,  Piant-in;,.  Riobed  Grass.  Thistles 
nnd  other  weeds  on  Lawns.  Croquet  Grounds,  Bowling  Greens. 
Parks,  etc.,  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  th; 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass         O  .        '■-^-^2        '-^ 

Wany  preparations  are  on  the  marke  under  this  name,  but  no  article 
diPfe'-sso  mm:h  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
ill  others  m  money's  worth  generally. 

TO    BE    HAD    FROM     THE    TRADE    GENERALLY. 
PRICES— Tins.  lie.  3,'9.  7/-;  Bajis,  2ailis.  ll/-.561bs.  21/-.  ll'JIbs.  39/- 
Sole    Maoafaclurers :     CORRY    &    CO..    Ltd..    London.    S.E.I 


Registered  Trade   Mar'lt  ty'2^ 


"  TEN  AX 


THE    DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST   FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A,  Ceoxton  Smitb,  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
aad  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid. 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2, 


WILLIS    BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


A  REAL    MANURE 

NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE. 
NO     STABLE     MANURE     REQU IRED. 

For  digging  in  or  a-^  a  top  dressing.     For  Kitcnen 

Garden  and  Herbaceous  Borders. 
We  are  constantly  receiving    orders    and    testi- 
monials Irom  s  itisfied  users  both  on  heavy  and 

light  soils. 

lcwt..17/6:  *-cwt..10'-:28lbs..6/-:  per  ton  £16  10. 

All  Carriage  Paid. 


SOLUBLE  _ 

TOMATO     MANURE 

as  suppli.-d  largely  to  market  growers. 
50;-percwt.;  56  lbs.,  161- :  28  lbs.,  816.  Carriage  paid. 


REAL  NEW  PERUVIAN  GUANO. 

{Just  arrived.) 

10",  Ammnnia,  25%  Phosphates,  2%  Potash. 

1  cut,  37/6:  icwt.,20-;  28  lbs.,  11/-,    Carr,  paid. 

BAMBOO  CANES.     Best  Solid  Quality. 

4  ft.  Thin.  6-,  4  ft.  Mel..  8-,  4  ft.  Stnut.  12  -per  11  ()  • 

5  ft.,  14,-,  6  ft.,  17-6,  7  ft.,  22, G  per  100. 
Bambo  .  Tips.  45  in.,  6  -  lUO  ;  50,-  1000.     Carr.  paid. 

GOOD    HEAVY    GARDEN    NETS 

25  yds.  by  8  yds.,  55'-;    50  yds.  by  4  yds,.  35,'-. 
Carria  .e  p.iid. 

Bone    Meals,      Superphosphate,      Nitrate     of 

Soda,  Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Kainit,  Sulphate 

ol  Potash,  Basic  Slag,  etc.,  supplied. 

Send    fir    our    list    of    Garden     Manures     and 
Horiiculluriil   Sundries.     Free  on  ap^Uaition. 

Horticultural  Manure 
and  Garden  Sundries, 
HARPENDEN,      HERTS. 


WILLIS  BROS.. 


No.  SO 


No.  80. — This  is  an  Ideal  Frame  for 
Allotment  Holders  and  Smallholders. 
Size,  4  h.  9  in.  by  3  ft.  9  in.  Sides  9  in. 
high.  Painted  two  coats  and  glazed  with 
1 5  oz.  glass.  Frames  also  supplied  in 
other  styles  and  sizes. 

Price  :     £3  :  O  :  O 


No.  H.  75.— The  fronts  are  I  1  in.  hish, 
backs  22  in.  high.  The  frame  is  1  in 
thick  and  the  lights  1  \  in.,  glazed  with 
1  5  oz.  glass,  and  paiinted  two  coats. 

l-LJ^ht  Frame,  4  ft.  by  6  ft.  £5  148,  Od 
2-Light  Frame.  8  ft.  by  6  ft.  £8  8s.  Od, 
3-Light  Frame.  1 2  ft.  by  6  ft.  £  1 1     4s.  6d. 


B.  &  P.  GARDEN 
FRAMES  ARE 
KNOWN  FOR 
LONG  SERVICE. 

B.  &  p.  Horticultural  Frames 
are  the  most  wonderful  value 
offered  to  the  Small  Gardener 
or  Allotment  Holder  to-day. 
They  are  made  of  the  highest 
grade  materials  throughout 
every  detail  of  their  produc- 
tion in  our  Norwich  Shops  : 
and  are  built  to  withstand 
the  weather  vagaries  year 
in  and  year  out. 

These  frames  are  thoroughly 
practical  in  design,  and  are 
offered  at  the  lowest  possible 
prices,  consistent  with  a  high 
standard  of  workmanship,  and 
our  world-wide  reputation  for 
quality. 

Write  to  us  fully  ;  we  can  meet  all 
your  requirements  ;  and  we  will 
send  you  our  free  list  of  Garden 
Frames     and     Small    Greenhouses 

CARRIAGE   PAID  TO  ANY  STATION 
IN    ENGLAND    AND   WALES. 


-5(f  Enquiries  invited  for  Greenhouses,  Conserva- 
tories, Vinery  Ranges,  Peach  Houses,  Carnation 
Houses,  Heating  Systems,  Garden  Frames,  etc. 
of  all  descriptions,  with    requisite   accessories. 


©oult^iaRiul^ 


TeuEGRAMS:  LONDON    OFPICE  . 

BOULTON,  NORWICH      ^  Chlcf   Olflce    &    WofUs         ^^^■^'   Q"^^"   VICTORIA  ST. 


TELEPHONEi 
NORWICH 


NORWICH 


BOUTIQUE,    CENTRll     LONDON 
T^lephona,    CENIKAl    4642 


BLACKMORE    &    LANGDON'S,    BATH. 

Collections  of  Choice  Assorted  Un-named. 

DOUBLE,    SINGLE    AND    SINGLE   FRILLED   BEGONIAS,  all   in   fine  strong 

tubers,       Especially  suitable  for  Greenhouses  and  Conservatory   decoration. 

COLLECTION    F.       36    Large    Tubers— Extra    choice,    .«    10s.  Od.       Half    Collection,    .£2  7s.   Od.       All 

colours  included  in  each  dozen,       12  Class  .-\.X.  Doubles,  12  Superb  Sinjjles,  12  Class  A  Frilled  Singles, 
COLLECTION    G.      36    Large   Tubers— Very    Choice,    .€3     lOs.    Od.        Half     Collection,     .£1     17s.    Od. 

12  Class  A  Doubles,  12  Class  A  Singles,  12  Class  A  Frilled  Singles. 
COLLECTION  H.     36  Large  Tubsrs  —  Choice,   .£1    17s.  (id.       Half  Collection,   £1   Os.  Od.       12  Class    B 

Doubles,  12  Class  B  Singles,  12  Class  B  Frilled  Singles. 
COLLECTION  I.     36   Large  Tubers-Good,    l,Ss.   (id.      Half   Collection,   Ss.  0.1.       12  Class  C   Doubles. 

12  Class  C  Singles,  12  Class  C  Fril  cd  Singles. 

All  above  in  well-started  strong  tubers,  post  free,  or  In  pots,  2/-  per  doz.  e.\tra,   boxes,  packing  and 
carriage  at  net  cost. 

For  Collections  of  our  choice  named  Double  Begonias,  see  descriptive  Catalogue,  free  on  application. 


THE     GARDEN. 


rjuNM-   4.  1021. 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

GREENHOUSES 
GARDENS. 


COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY     PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  same  way,  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equalling  15cwts.),  jjives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "  Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  Wilks.  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  Particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  Postcard. 

B«^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS.  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -«! 

:cs    mcludint;  bans  :    Sm;iII(about  I  bushel).  2/3  ;    Lar^e  (.ibout  4  bushels).  6/- ;    S  Large.  28/9  :    10  Large.  55/- : 
..'"  Large.  100/-.         Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 
WAKELEY     BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    7Ba,     BANKSIDE,    LONDON,      S.E.I. 


Weeding  'I 

BACKACHING 

and 

NEVER  ENDING 
JOB 

The  best  way 
to  destroy  Weeds  on  Drives, 
Paths    and    Gravel    Spaces 
is  to  use 

COOPER'S 
WEEDICIDE 

HIGHLY    CONCENTRATED 

1    eallon   mixed   with    100    saHona   of  water 

is  sufficient  to  treat  300  to  400  square  yards 

of   surface. 

Gained  Royal   Horticultural  Society 
Commenced"    Award 

In  Qt.  sod  I  I,  2.  5.  10.  20  aod  40  (alloDi. 

COOPER'S 

1— SO 

WEED-KILLER 

is  also  an  excellent  pre- 
paration for  killing  weeds, 
but  lower  in  price  and 
less      concentrated      than 

Weedicide. 
Sold  in  iRDie  tizes  as  Weedicide 

OF   AGENTS   EVERYWHERE 


Revised  prices  on   application  to  the 

Sole  Mantifaeturers  : 

WilUam  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS,  Ltd., 

BERKHAMSTED. 


ASK  FOR 


ALL   GLASS 
STRUCTURES 


THAT 


r.ade  Mark.     Reg.  No.  U.ti2H. 


Require  Outside  Shading 

SUMMER    CLOUD    SHADINC    ithe    only    genuine    and 

orit^inal  article). 
\i\    riKhts   Transferred    by    Deed   to   Corry    &    Co..    Bedford 

Chambers,     Covent     Garden.      London.      W.C.2,      by 

Hy.  Elliott,  on  March  27th,  1882. 

It  has  been  in  general  use  for  OVER  40  YEARS. 

BE    SURE    TO    ASK    FOR 

SUMMER  CLOUD 


AND     SEE      THAT      YOU      GET      IT. 

Sold  by  all  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

Sold    in    packets    containing    802.    for    100ft.   of   glass,    1/6 
,24oz..   3/6.     Cheaper  in   BulU. 

Manufactured  by 

CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltd., 

at  their  Bonded  Chemical  Works, 

SHAD      THAMES,     S.E.I. 

Offices  &  Show  Rooms  :  Bedford:Cbambers.  Covent  Gardeo.  Londoo.W.f.2 


HAVE  YOU   PROVIDED? 


THE     UNITED      HORTICULTURAL 
BENEFIT  and  PROVIDENT  SOCIETY 

PROVIDES  27'-  per  week  in  illness  for  l/I^ 
18/-    for   9d.,    or    12/-    for    6d.    weekh 
contributions. 
ROVIDES  your  dependants  with  £10  at  deatf 
ROVIDES  you  with  a  Savings  Bank. 
ROVIDES   grants   from   Distress  and  Con 
valescent  Funds. 
Benefit  by  the  experience  of  a  member  who  has 

£150  to  his  credit  ! 
State  insured  members  may  pay  an  additional  2d. 
per  week  for  4/-  sick  pay,  or  4d.  per  week  for  8/-, 
in  addition  to  the  State   Benefits  and  £10  payable 

at  death. 
Private  and  Market  Gardeners,  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen  and 
Florists  up  to  the  age  of  45  years  are  eligible  for  membership. 

These    advantages    are    fully    explained    in    the    pamphlet 
(send  stamp),  obtainable  from  the 

SECRETARY,  35,  Alexandra  Road.  West  Kensington,  W.14 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDE 

OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAP 

is  absolutely   free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  41b.  and  71b.  tins. 

All    Packages    bear    Maker's    name,    and    the    public    art- 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON     &     TENNANT,     LTD., 
Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT   SAFETY   WEED    KILLER. 

FREE     FROM     ARSENIC. 

Simple  to  use,   very  effective,  and   moreover  is  perfectly  safe. 
Guaranteed    free    from    arsenic,    so    there    is    no    fear    of    poisoning   children,    anima's, 

poultry,  etc. 

Pint    Tins     1, '9    each.  I     Gallon     Drums    7/-    each. 

Quart     ..        3/-        ..  5  ,.  ..      27/6        ., 

jGall.    ,.       4,19        ..  40  ..  Cask.sfS  10 -., 


KATAKILLA 


The    perk-ct     insecticide     for     destroying     jll      insect    pests    on 

Fruit,     Flowers     and     Vegetables. 

Destroys  Caterpillars  and   is  splendid   lor   exterminating    yreen 
Hy  on  roses  and  red  spider  on  cucumbers. 

KATAKILLA   IS   NON-POISONOUS 

Can  be  used  with  perfect  safety. 

If   any  difficult\    in  obtaining  supplies   locally,  please   write  for      |  f^ 
Price  List   and  mention   name   and   address  of  local  seedsman, 
nurseryman  or  ironmonger. 


Insist  on  McDougall's, 


Refuse  Substitutes.         Avoid  Disappointment, 


IVIcDOUGALL     BROS.,     LTD., 

66,     68,     PORT    STREET,     MANCHESTER.        Established  1845. 


Published  by  "  Country  Life.' 


Limited,  at  20 
and 


.  Tavistock 
Prmtt-il   by 


Stieet.  Strand.  VV.C.'i,  and  by  George  Newnes,  Limited.  S-n.   Southampton  Street.   Strand.   W.C.'J. 
Thf  Avenof   Press,  .^5  &  .57.   Drurv  Lane,   London.  W.C.'.^ 


THE 


GARDEN 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2586. 

Entered  as  Second-class  .Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,  June   11,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     KIAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Vearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4;    Foreign,    I7M 


AN     INFORMAL     EDGING     OF     MOSSY 
SAXIFRAGE. 


BARR'S  SEEDS  for  JUNE  Sowing 

Of   Finest    Strains  and    Tested    Growth 


FOR     THE      FLOWER     GARDEN     &     GREENHOUSE. 

Antirrhinums,  Aquilegias,  Campanulas,  Canterbury  Bells,  Calceolarias, 
Cinerarias,  Delphiniums,  Forget-me-nots,  Hollyhocks,  Lupins,  Pansies, 
Primulas,  Polyanthus,  Primro-es,  Sweet  Williams.   Stocks,  Wallflowers,  etc. 

FOR    THE    VEGETABLE    GARDEN. 

Beans,   Beet,    Carrots,    Peas,    Spinach,    Lettuce,    Radish,   etc. 

FOR    POULTRY    AND    PIG    FOOD 

sow    BUCKWHEAT— Seed,  per  oz.   packet,  3d.  ;     per  lb.,  21- 

SPECIAL     1. 1ST     O.V     APPLICATIOX. 
B  A    D   19        JL         ^OM   C  11,     12       &       13,        KINQ       STREET, 

•^  t^  r\.  r^      Ot  ^\^  1^  ^,     covENT  garden,  London,  w.c.2. 

MERRYWEATHER'S     ROSES 


FOR    THE    GARDEN ! 
FOR    BEDS! 


FOR    EXHIBITION! 
FOR    EVERYWHERE! 


Also   Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 


H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 


GREEN,  BLACK,  WHITE  FLY,  CATERPILLARS.  ETC. 


GIVI 

:m 


SOX 


It  is  a  penetratingly  powerful  non-poisonous  insecticide 
containing  a  new  killing  ingredient  which  insect  pests 
cannot  resist. 

SOX  lias  no  sediment— cannot  choke  syringe  or  sprayers 
and  is  harmless  to  all  plants. 

SOX  has  heen  tested  and  awarded  "  Highly  Commended  " 
Certificate  for  efficiency  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

If  you  have  used  other  insecticides  and  they  have  not  done 
the  work  well— TRY  SOX. 

SOX  is  made  in  two  forms— in  Tablets  and  in  Liquid. 


PRICES  OF  SOX  TABLETS. 


Packets  of  ;i 
6 
..  12 
,.  2-1 
..  -18 
..    I'-'ll 


II- 

119 

3;- 

5/9 
10/6 

2  SI- 


PRICES  OF  SOX    LIQUID. 
No.  I,     1/6,    makes     .^  galls. 
10     .. 
l.i     ,. 


No.  2,  2/6, 
No.  3.  3/6. 
No.  4.     6/- 

\o.  .■;.  10/6, 

Larger  quantities  oo  application. 


DYOWEED 

Free  from  Arsenic. 
Harmless    to    Man,     Bird 

or  Beast. 
Very  Effective  &  Very  Safe. 

Dyoweed  is  the  weed 
killer  e\ei-yont'  has  been 
waiting  for  —  deadly  to 
wteds.  but  safe  to  use. 
Can  be  sold  without  a 
licence. 

Sold  in   cans  to  ni:«lie  S  gaMs. 

1/6.  emails.   2/6.  10  fialls.  3/9 

20  «aUs.  6/-.  40  nails.  10/6. 

L.Tr^er  quantities  on 

applicatit  n. 


SOLD    BY    NURSERYMEN.    SEEDSMEN.    IRONMONGERS    AND    STORES. 

S„le  Ma'-uf.icturers:    Hawker  &   lioluood.   Ltd..   Agricultunt!  ^■.  Hurti\i,ltur,il  Chunisfs.  Gr-.i.v.v.  E.ssf.v 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous   habit  and  superior  constitution.      A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially     invited    to    inspect     our     immense     and     interesting     STOCK 

RAISED     BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice    Species,    Rare    Botanical    Specimens.        Albinos   in    warm   and    coof 
sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert    Advice    given    and    all    Requisites    supplied    for     the    good    culture 

ot  Orchids. 

CHARLESWORTH  &  CO..  "'JTea™!'^ 


THE     GARDEN. 


June   ii,   ig2i. 


"THE   GARDEN"  CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Chamaion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    of   England 

D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Rbtaii   Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
or  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY    AZALEAS     AND 

R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 
For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
tree 


LAXTON   BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

atid 

Fruit  Trees 


W.  WELLS,  JuNR. 
Hardy  Plant  Nursery 
MERSTHAM,  SURREY 


Specialists  In 
Hardy  Plants 
and  Alpines 
Catalogues  Free 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 
ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


ALPINE 

FREDK.  G.  WOOD 

Marsden  Nurseries 
ASHSTEAD,  SURREY 


Specialist  in 
Alpine  Plants 
Rock  Gardens 
Designer 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDOM 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
RATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,   S.W 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Post   Free  on 
application 


BIRDS  DEFIED. 


ROTLESS 


TANNED  NETTING. 


As  supplied  by  us  to  the  Royal  Girdens.  In  3  tiualities. 
SO  by  1  yd..  61:  8/6,  11/- ;  2  yds..  12/-.  H/-,  22/- ;  3  yds.,  18/-,  25/6, 
33/- ;  4  yds.,  24/.,  34I-,  44/- ;   25  by  8  yds.,  24/-.  34;.,  44/- 

Carriage  Paid,  post  or  pass. 
HAWTHORN.     Ltd..    Dept     E,    SHREWSBURY. 

established    33    YEARS. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.   RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All  Garden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirennenta 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
Insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humbbr 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
InsectlcideB 
Pertlllzera 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   & 
CHISLEHURST 


CO. 


Landscape  and 
Garden  Archl. 
tecta,  specialise 
in  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
gardens,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden.  International 
Show,  1912. 


J.   CHEAL   &   SONS,   Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


PULHAM  ®  SOTS 


BY -APPOINTMENT  TO  Hlt5  .NXJC:?TY 

I  71  NeWMAN  5T  aVTORDST 
p  LONDON • w 

I  NURSERIES- DL5ENTiAN  E5?ex 


C  r:sf tsm^n  • 

rormal  Gardens  • 

VaK.&es-rb(jntair)s-       ■ 
Fi^^irrs  Sundiob-tr-  I 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W. 

Tel.  No. :  Vic.  5314. 

Have  several  good  men  availabl*', 

can  carry  out  any  work  prnmptly 


Rocks,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Qardens  and 
General 
Landscape 
Work 


A.  CECIL  BARTLETT 
318,  Kew  Road 
KEW 


Landscape  Gardener 

(late  Royal  Gardens, 

Kew), 

Expert  Adviser  on 

Gardens  and 

Woodlands. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  St.  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St.,  London,  S.K.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


SITUATION     VACANT. 


CAN  ANY  LADY  OR  GENTLEMAN  recom- 

meiul  clui-iful.  capabli-  lady  of  tlii-  V.A.D.  typi',  about  ."O  tn  ::.>, 
tn  takr  cutiTL-  cliargi-  of  t-mall  Fru-nrli  housf.  >.riv:iiits  anil 
liKipcrty,  one  liouv  from  Paris,  for  Lady  Millicmt  Hawrs 
(originally  Millici'nt.  Duchess  of  Sutherland)  ?  Thoroui;h  knnw- 
ledgc  of  poultry  raising,'  and  acenuutri  first  essential.  Entjli^h 
gardener.  Belgian  pnultiy  nuui  of  all  ^vork.  Some  knowledge 
of  French  larKua;;!' useful.  Mu-t.  love  country  life  and  willing 
to  do  a  little  plain  cooking  in  winter.  Please  write  to  Lady 
MILLICENT  Hawes.  ()1,  Green  Street,  llayfair.  London,  w!, 
sending  details  and  salary  desired.  Interviews  could  be 
ari-anged  9th  June. 


Perpetual  Flowering 

CARNATIONS 


Our  stocks  of  selected  phint^ 
are  superb,  and  we  can  offer  all 
the  best  varieties  for  imme- 
diate delivery  ex  3^  in.  pots, 
stopped  and  brolcen. 
Fully  Illustrated  and  Descriptive 
Catalogue  gladly  sent  Post  Free 
on  request,  or  we  can  offer 
collections  of  plants  at  special 
prices  carriage  and  packing 
paid  for  cash  : 

Coll.  No,  1.— 3  good  distinct  varieties      5/- 

..        ,.    2.-6      „  ..  „  10/- 

..       ..    3.-9      ..  „  „  15/- 

„    4.-25  Plants  in  12  good  varieties      35/- 

.,       ,.    5.-50        ..  ..  ,.  62/6 

..    6.— 100  Plants  io  18  good  cut  flower  and 

Exhibition  varieties 115/- 

Limiled  Stocks  of  Large  Flowering  Plants  in  6  in.  pots 
from  35/-  per  dozen,  carriage  extra. 

A  L  L\A/  O  O  D  I  I 

The  new  hardy  plant— half  Pink  and  half  Carnation— grows 
anywhere  and  flowers  perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter. 
The  greatest  addition  to  Horti .  ulture  for  a  decade.  We  have 
now  limited  stocks  of  practically  all  varieties,  and  can  offer 
the  undermentioned  collections  at  carriage  and  packing  paid 
prices  for  cash ; 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  Distinct  Varieties  111- 

,.       ,.    2b.— 9         ..  „  (including  novelties)  23/6 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET,    Sd.    post    free. 

When  yon  tbink  of  Carnations  yon  think  of 


The  leadiog  CaroatioD  Ralseri  and  Specialists  ia  the  World,  Dept.  4. 

HAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


SPECIALITE. 

JAPANESE  MAPLES 

CAMELLIAS  HYDRANGEAS 

MAGNOLIAS  AZALEAS 

(Carriage  Paid.) 

V,  N.  Gauntlett  &  Co..  Ltd.. 

jLipanese  Nurstries.  Chiddingfoi.d.  Surrey. 


FERTILIZERS  A  SPECIALITE. 

All    Containing    Potash. 

Special  Sweet  Pea  Manure. — Produces  perfect 
blooms,  with  superb  colour,  without  coarseness. 
Tins,  2/3  and  3/9,  post  free.  7  lb.,  4  3  ;  14  lb., 
6/9;  28  1b.,  11/3;  561b.,  18/-;  1121b.,  33/-. 
Carriage  paid. 

Special  Tomato.  — Gives  perfect  finish  and  flavour. 
Tins,  2,3  and  3/9,  post  free.  7  lb.,  4/6  ;  14  lb., 
7/-;  2S  lb.,  12/-;  ,S6  lb.,  19/-;  112  1b.,  35/-. 
Carriage  paid. 

Also    SPECIAL    ROSE,    FRUIT    TREE,    LAWN    GRASS,    LAWN 
SAND,   VINE,  CHRYSANTHEMUM,  CARNATION,  etc. 

Send  Postciird  Joy  Lisi. 

G.  H.   MACKERETB,  Ltd.,  ULVERSTON. 


HI  If^l^fTG  guarantees  the  plants 
.   0»  tlKJl^IZ^iJ    offered     belo^v    to    be 

extra  good  and  true  to  name  and    will    send    thLi:i 

box,  packing  and  carriage  free  for  cash  with   order. 

BEGONIAS — Vl  very  fine  double,  mixed  c  ilours,  7/6.  VI  ve^^■ 
fine  single,  mixed  colours,  7,''C 

CABNATIONS,  Perpelaal— 12  srand  varieties.  10/6. 

DAHLIAS,  Cactus.  Show.  Poms,  Ueeorative.  Pseony. 
Collarette,  Single  and  Stars,  .ill  nt  8/-  per  dozen. 

FUCHSIAS— 12  very  fine  new  French  v.irieties,  10/6.  M  very 
line  \arieties.  single  anJ  doube,  6/- 

GERANIUMS,  Zonals,  single:  Ihe  Grand  New  Ship  Set 
(Raised  by  Mrs.  H.  J.  Jones)  12  clorious  Uinds  30/-.  12 
fine  new  kinds.  12,-.  12  very  fine  ki.ds.  general  col- 
lection, 7,6.  Semi-Double  12  grand  new  French  kinds 
for  12/-.  Semi-Double,  general  collection  12  extra  fine, 
7/6.     Doubles.  12  very  fine  kinds.  7/6. 

GLOXINIAS,  12  extra  fine  named  varie  ies,  lO/d.  12  very  fine 
mixed  colours,  7/6. 

MONTBRETIA,  12  grand  Earlbam  Hybrids,  10  -. 

MICHAELMAS  DAISIES,  12  very  fine  new  kinds.  10/6. 

PHLOX,  12  very  fine  kinds,  10/6. 

PINK  Allwoodii,  4  best  varieties  for  5,-.  PINK  Glory,  the 
new  crimson,  3  for  2/6. 

RYECROFT  NURSERIES,  LEWISHAM,  S.E.  13- 


June  ii,   1921.] 


GARDEN. 


WEBBS'    CHOICE     FLOWER     SEEDS    for 

Prest  lit  snwinc:.  Wfbbs'  Universal  Wallflowrr,  mixfd.  "Webbs' 
KinviT  Favouritf  Wallflower.  Webbs'  Canary  Bird  Wallflower. 
Webbs'  Invincible  Sweet  William  mixed.  Webbs'  Diadem 
Aquih'siia.  mixed.  Each  8d.  and  1/-  per  packet.  Webbs* 
Supreme  Antirrhinum,  mixed,  6d.  and  1/-  per  pkt.  Webbs' 
Diamond  Pansv,  mixed,  1/6  per  pkt.  Webbs'  Imperial 
Canterburj'  Bell,  8d.  per  pk^t.  WEBB  &  SONS,  Ltd.,  the 
King's  Seedsmen,  Stuurbridce. 

WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DROXS,  Ataleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants, 
Water  Lilies,  Border  Chrysanthemums,  Bedding  Plants,  Dahlias, 
Violas,  etc. — JoHN  Wateeer,  Sons  &  Ceisp,  Ltd.,  Bagshot, 
Surrey,  Twyford,  Berks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND   GLAZING 

_..  VITROLITE "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastlne,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins,  3/S  each;  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each 
— Full  particulars  from  Waltee  Cakson  &  Sons,  Grove  Works, 
Battersea.     Agents  throughout  the  Country, 


RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues,  G.  Redthe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP  MANURE, 

— The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


WM.   DUNCAN    TUCKER    &  SONS,   LTD., 

Lawrence    Road,    South    Tottenham,    N.15.  —  Conservatories, 
WinUT  Gardens,  Vineries,  Peach  Houses.  Portable  Buildings,  &c. 


SCOTCH    SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/- 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Uidlothian 
Eariy,  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6 ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6  ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6  ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzeil  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Bariy,  4/6;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— TILLIE,  Whyte  a  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
Insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/-  ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Bold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MoDodoall  Begs.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.    Established  1845. 


EARLHAM     GIANT     MONTBRETLAS.— All 

who  are  interested  in  these  wonderful  modern  plants  should 
Bend  for  H.  J.  Jones*  Catalogue  containing  full  descriptions  and 
prices.  H.  J.  J.  will  be  pleased  to  send  a  dozen  very  fine  ones, 
his  selection,  for  10/-  box.  packing  and  carriage  free  for  cash 
with  order. — Rykceoft  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  S.E.13. 


HOCKEY,  GOLF,  CROQUET  AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Oovent  Garden,  W.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND    FRUITS ; 

with  chapters  on  **  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Hbebest  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid.— Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Coustet  Life," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Haetet.  140  pages.  40  Illustrations.  2/6  net ; 
cloth  3/6  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  CODNTEY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2 


DUCKS,      GEESE      AND      TURKEYS,      by 

Will  Hooley,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.--A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The  Manager,  "  CocNTEY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


BARR'S   FLOWER   &   VEGETABLE   SEED 

FOR  JUNE  SOWING.— Finest  selected  strains  and  tested 
growth.  Descriptive  list  free. — Baee  &  Sons.  11,  II  &  13. 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C.2. 

THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  Intending  porchasers.  —  J.  Douqlas,  Great 
Bookham. 


THE     HARDY      FLOWER      BOOK.  —  By 

E.  H.  Jenkins.  The  second  edition  of  this  practical  and 
beautifully  illustrated  book  is  now  on  sale,  price  3/6  net,  by  post 
3/10.  An  illustrated  prospectus  sent  post  free  on  application  to 
The  Manager,  '*  Countet  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  St.,  W.C.2 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories.  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire :  Gray,  Kensington  80. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  <S  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — WlLLUM  Beattie,  8,  .Lower 
Qrosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING   for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  Iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
J-gallon,  4/9  ;  l-gallon,  7/- ;  6-gallons,  27/6.  From  See<tmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  McDouqall 
Bros.,   Ltd.,  Port  Street,   Manchester.     Established  1846. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  Is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  Invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  <t  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbrldgeworth,  Herts. 


THE     SHERWOOD     CUP, 

The    most    coveted    award    at    the    Royal    Horticultural 
Society's  Great  Chelsea  Flower  Show  of  1921,  won  by 

SUTTON     &     SONS,     READING, 
for    a    majrnificent    ^oup    of   Flowers    from    Seed. 


CUT    FLOWERS.  —  KELWAY'S     LOVELY 

PEONIES. — We  are  prepared  to  book  orders  for  these  glorious 
flowers.  Ready  from  end  of  Jlay  to  beginning  of  July.  An 
endless  variety  of  lovely  tints,  white,  delicate  cream,  faint 
blush,  creamy  yellow,  lilac  rose,  rose  pink,  peach,  deep  rose, 
deep  amethyst,  cherry  red,  crimson,  maroon  and  purple.  Prlcea 
from  9/-  to  12/-  per  doz.  Cash  with  order.  Post  free.  Tbf 
PKony  is  eminently  suitable  for  home,  ballroom  and  church 
decoration. — Write  at  once  to  The  Retail  Plant  Dept.,  Kelway 
AND  Son,  Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD,,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.    Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also.  If  wanted,  Plant  Catalogue.    Mention  this  paper. 


SOW  NOW— BATH'S   EMPRESS   PANSIES, 

as  grown  for  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Frogmore.  The  richest  and 
largest  flowering  strain  of  Pansies  extant.  Per  packet  2/6  and 
1/G  post  free  for  cash  with  order.  R.  H.  B.iXH,  Ltd.,  (Dent.  E  ), 
The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 

WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free. — E.  Wallace  &  Co.,  Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tnnbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     nesting     boxes.       Catalogue     (No.     4)     free.— 
MOORTON.  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chlswlck. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Roclu 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
r<^ta)ning  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  In  England. — HoDSON  &  Son,  58,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham, 


J.    WOOD,    Garden    Architect.  —  Rock    and 

Water  Gardens,  Walls  and  Formal  Gardens. — 56,  Fitzroy  Strt^t-t, 
London.  W.l,  and  at  Leeds. 


TENNIS  COURT   BOUNDARY  NETTING.— 

Fitted  with  strong  lines.  fSSyds.  by  2yds.,  20/- ;  25yds.  by  Syds. 
26/- ;  25yds.  by  4yds.,  34/-. — Hawthorn,  Dept.  E,  Shrewsbury. 


FRENCH      HOUSEHOLD      COOKING.       By 

Mrs.  Fr.vnces  Keyzer.  2/- ;  ia  doth,  3/- ;  postage  4d. 
extra.  The  fourtli  edition  of  this  strikingly  successful  Uttle 
book  contains  special  chapters  on  Evening  ileals  and  Vegetarian 
Menus  which  will  be  eagerly  welcomed  by  all  housekeepers. 
Pubhshed  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


«  ONE   IS    NEARER  GOD'S  HEART   IN  A 

GARDEN."  The  autlior  of  these  oft-quoted  lines  is  Dorothy 
Frances  Gurney,  and  the  poem  is  to  be  found  in  a  collection 
of  her  verses  pubhshed  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Life  " 
(6/3  net).  A  prospectus  of  the  volume  will  be  sent  free  on 
application  t«  The  Manager,  20.  Ta\istock  Street.  W.C.2. 


THE   GARDENS    OF  ITALY.— New  Edition 

Edited  by  Abthuk  T.  Boi.ton.  F.S.A..  witli  nearly  500  superb 
illustrations ;  G3/-  net.  Full  particulars  of  this  beautiful 
volume  will  be  sent  on  application  to  The  Manager.  "  Codntry 
Life  "  Offices,  20,  Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  CULTURE  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— 

By  II.  Wells.  Freely  illustrated.  Paper  covers,  2/6  net ; 
cloth.  3/6  net;  by  post  4d.  extra.  Published  at  the  Offices 
of  ■'  Country  Life."  Ltd..  20.  Tavistock  Street.  W.C.2. 


HOME-BREWED    WINES    AND    UNFER- 

MENTED  BEVERAGES  for  all  seasons  of  the  year.  By 
Anne  Ah.vteub.  a  helpful  booklet  containing  also  recipes  for 
invalid  drinks,  and  published  at  9d.,  post  free  lid.,  at  the  offices 
)f  "  CocNTEY  Life."  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  W.C.2. 


WATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12/6, 

carriage  paid,  different  colours ;  choice  waterside  plants  10/6 
doz.,  Alpines  6/-,  9/-  and  11/-  pf  r  doz.,  all  different,  named  and 
post  free.  Catalogues  gratis. — Boweil  A  Skarratt,  Nuneriet. 
Cheltenham. 


GARDEN      NETTING.  —  Prompt      delivery. 

SOyds.  by  4yds.,  16/6  ;  25yd8.  by  Syds.,  17/6.  STOUT  NEW 
NETTING  (Tanned),  25yds.  by  4yds.,  29/« ;  SOyds.  by  4yd8., 
5G/9.  other  sizes  In  proportion.  Also  Tennis  Boundary  Nete. — 
Thh  Godrock  Ropework  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners.  Lowestoft. 


GENTIANA  SINO  ORNATA,  3  plants  for  5/-, 

free.  AlsoXists  of  Rock  Plants,  Seeds  and  Seedlings  from  one 
of  the  largest  collections.  —  Rev.  ANDERSON,  Glenn  Hall, 
Leicester. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS     SPECIALITY 


List 


frie. — Terry  Lee,  16,  Morden  Road.  Stochford.  Bimiinsliam. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

by  A.  J.  Macaeif.  A  practical  booklet  on  the  beet  methods 
of  cultivating  these  popular  flowers.  9d.  net ;  by  post,  lid. 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Lite,"  Ltd.,  20,  TmTisto«k 
Street,  CoTent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKB 

THE  MOST  OF  IT.  A  new  and  practical  booklet  by  the  lat« 
W.  Teuelove.  9d.  net ;  by  post.  lid.  Published  at  the 
Offices  of  "  Country  Life."  Ltd..  20,  Tavistock.Street,  CoveDt 
Garden,  W.C.2 

HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  Is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net,  by  post  lid.—"  Country  Lite,"  Offices,  20,  TavisKwk 
Street.  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  JBNKINS,  7/6  n«t, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  liiustiattd.  Published  at  th« 
offices  of  "Country  Lite,"  Ltd.,  28,  Tavistock  Street, 
C«v«nt  GardtB.  W.C.2.  


THE   DOG  :    MAN'S  FIRMEST  FRIEND.— 

How  to  cliooso  and  care  for  him.  By  A.  Ceoxton  Smith. 
O.B.E.  Published  at  the  offices  of  "CouNIEY  LiPE,"  Ltd., 
20.  Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  well-illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  jjopular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  COOE, 
Is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net.  postage  4d.  extra.  It  la 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  Country  Lite."  Ltd.,  20 
Tavistock  Street    Covent  Garden.   W.C.2.     


GARDENS   OLD    AND    NEW.      Edited    by 

H.  AVRAY  Tipping,  M.A..  F.S.-\.  Only  a  few  copies  remain 
of  these  rare  and  beautiful  volumes ;  £2  12/6  net  each. 
Publislied  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Lot.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  ii,   igai. 


^iiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ 

I  RYDERS  SEEDS  I 

=                                          FOR  =. 

I  SOWING    NOW  I 

p  Amongst   an    enormous    number  of  B 

=  other  seeds,  all  in  6d.  packets,  Ryders  E 

=  offer  38  distinct  Campanulas,  includ-  | 

§  ing  Carpatica  White  Star  ;    Cordata  ^ 

=  Alba  ;  Garganica  hirsuta  ;  Glomerata  = 

=  dahurica  ;  Lactiflora  soldan-eliflora  ;  E 

=  Latifolia   versicolor;   Linifolia ;   iMa-  = 

=  crantha ;      Raddeana :       Saxifraga ;  | 

=  Thyrsoides ;      Turbinata    vera     and  = 

=  Valdensis.  E 

1  29   Dianthus,    including    Atkinsonii  ;  | 

=  Caesius     veris;       Carthusianorum ;  | 

=  Deltoides  alba  ;     Glutinosus ;     Hun-  = 

=  garicus    Hybridus     (mixed    alpine)  ;  E 

I  Montanus  ;    Sequirei ;     Sternbergii  ;  | 

=  and  Zonatus.  = 

i  SEE    LAST   WEEK'S   ADVT.    FOR    SELECTION    OF  | 

=                       TREE  AND  SHRUB  SEEDS.  ^ 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  I 

=                           FROM      RYDERS.  = 

=           Seeds,    Bulbs.  Plants,   Tools  and    all    Garden  = 

E            Sundries  of  Ihe  Best  Quality  at  Lowest  Prices.  - 

—                                              Lists  Free.  — 


I    RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS    | 

=  iRiiicr  &  So>:  (W-'OI.  Lid. I  — 

lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllh^ 


AN  INCREASED 

YIELD    both     as 

regards       quality 

and  quantity  will 

surely  follow  the 

application  of 

Canary  Guano  to 

your     Tomatoes, 

Cucumbers.  Celery, 

Cabbages,  etc.      An 

invaluable  fertilizer  and 

food  for  all  plant  life. 


Citano 


Obtainaoie  Irom  all    Seedsmen   i-^ 
Cartons,  I/- e.ich.    Ba>;s.  71b.    3'6; 
U  tb..  6/6;    iSlb.    11  -1   ^«  HI. 
19/-;    I  cwt..  35/-.  each     or 
direct  from  the  malters. 
Wrtle   to-day  for  FREE 
Booklet  So    11.  cotttatn- 
ins    ft*ll    Particulars    of 
Canary      Guano,      vitit 
Garden     Diary    for    the 
Year.      host      free      on 
at>plicatton. 
CHtMiLAL  UNION.  Ltd. 
IPSWIlH 


A  Booklet  contain- 
\ ng  the  m  ost 
Reliable  Garden 
Requisites    for    the 


(( 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


n 


Successful  Cultiva- 
tion  of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   (post    tree). 


ANTI-FLY  DUSTING 

POWDER  Celery  Fly 


Prues  : 


A      specific      against 
Carrot,      Onion     and 
Maggots,  and  Cabbage 
Caterpillars.  No  Eggs — No  Maggots. 
25/-  cwt.,  14/-  J-cwt.,  8/-  28  lbs. 

Bags  free.  


I  nAM     From  new  grounds.     Absolutely  virgin 
LUAlll     ggii       Satisfaction  assured.     Write   for 


sample 


Price;   18/-  ton,  f.o.r.,   .Midlands. 


LAWN 


Stimulates  the  Fine  Grasses.     Dis- 
courages   Moss    and    Weeds.     En- 
MANURE     hances  the   Beauty  of  the  Lawn. 
Prices:  30/-  cwt.,  16/6  J-cwt.,  9/-  28  lbs. 
Bags  free. 

nilAQQIA     Exceptionally   Powerful  Wash  and 
IJUHOOIH     Non-Poisonous.       Death    to   Green 

EXTRACT  p'y^  ^''-  '^^^'^^'  ^°'"  '*''"''°"- 

Prices:  20 galls.  1  55/-,  5 galls.  42/6,  gall.  9/- 

Uirrn  (Electric)  Poison  saves  50%  in  Labour. 
nLLU  (Liquid  and  Powder). 

KILLER  Liquid:     5  galls.  =  255  galls.,   31/6 

IXILLLII  p^^^.j^.^.    4  tins   =    iqo  galls.,    18/- 

Tins  for   Powder  free. 


RHINOHIDE     HOSE 


WILL  LAST  20  YEARS.      GUARANTEED  10  YEA 
WORTH  TWICE   AS    MUCH   AS    CHEAP   HOSE. 
3-PLY   BETTER  THAN   ARMOURED   HOSE. 
PRICES  60ft.       ...— '""^^W-'Jir^^        LENGTHS 
CARR  PAID^ 

Per 

Pass. 

Train 


Carriage  Paid  on  Orders  of  £1    and  upwards. 


W"<  WOOD  &  SON  ^"' 


TELE 


(LATE     OF    WOOD     QREEN) 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GRAMS     "  GARDENING,     TAPLOW.' 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


Notes   From   Maidstone. 


STANDARD   ROSES. 


In  the  past  unhappy  years 
Roses  gave  place  to  Potatoes 
in  our  grounds,  and,  as 
a  consequence,  became  ex- 
tremely scarce  when  the 
shadou    of  War  lifted. 

Steadily  we  are  regaining 
our  pre-war  standards,  and 
we  can  now  look  upon  a 
splendid  bed  of  standards, 
all  on  English  briar,  throw- 
ing up  their  sturdy  shoots, 
and  already  showingpromise 
of  bloom. 

From  the  vendors'  view, 
nothing  could  be  more 
gratifying,  and  the  vendee 
will,  we  are  sure,  appreciate 
the  quality  of  the  trees, 
and  also  a  reduction  in 
price,  which  we  shall  be 
able  to  make  on  these. 
George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


m 


m 
m 

m 


Flower    Seels   for     sowing    in 
June  .— 

ANEMONE,  St.  Brigid,  every 
fine  strai    ,  6d.  packet 
AQUILEGIA,   Pea  son's  long- 
spurred    strain,   very   fine,    6d. 
a    d  II- 

AU  BRE  T  I  A,     new       large 
ft  iwcr  d  hybrids,  6d. 
AURICULA     ALPINE    finest 
}iiixed.  6d 

CALCEOLARIA  {Greenhous  ), 
finest  strain,  1  j6  and  2j6. 
CINERARIA,    large    flowered 
and  Stella  a,  1 16  and  2j6. 
CYCLAMEN,    Giant   fld.,     1j6 
&  216. 

DELPHINIUM,  finest    mixed 
6d. 

GAILLARDIA,  fine  p:r  nni.il 
for  cuttin    ,  6d. 

GYPSOPHILA  paniculata 

compact  I,  3d. 
HOLLYHOCK,  single,  6d. 

,,  double,  Ij- 

LUPINUS       arhoreus       Snow 
Queen,  fine  tree  Lupin,  6d , 
LUPIOUS     POLYPHYLLUS. 
blue  and  white  hardy  perennial, 
e/ch  3d  pe   packet. 
MYOSOTIS  (Forget-me-not)   in 
var.,  3  I.,  to  Ij-. 
PANSIES.  in  var.,  6d.  to  //-. 
POPPIES,  perennial.  3d.  to  //-. 

JR.  Pearson  &  Sons  .Ltd., 
Lowdham, 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


m 


X' 


m 


m 


No.  2586— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[June  ii,  1921. 


THE  .'old  double  Pa?ony  of  gardens,  P. 
officinalis  is  one  of  the  finest  flowers  of 
the  earliest  days  of  June  in  its  three 
coloiirings  of  rich  crimson,  rosy  red  and 
pale  pink.  It  thrives  in  all  gardens,  but 
especially  where  the  soil  is  rich  and  the  plant  well 
nourished,  for  it  is  a  greedy  feeder.  A  mulch  of 
manure  applied  in  winter  is  a  great  help,  but  no 
form  of  nutriment  comes  amiss.  In  the  single  form 
it  is  a  plant  of  Southern  Europe  generally, 
but  the  beautiful  sub-species  lobala,  of  a  fine 
lovely,  almost  salmon  red  colour,  a  native 
of  Portugal,  though  not  double,  should  not 
be  neglected 

Bedding  Out  Commelina  coelestis.— 
This  is  a  slightly  tender  plant  that  is  now 
being  put  out.  It  should  be  grown  by  all  who 
desire  to  have  flowers  of  a  pure  and  perfect 
blue.  The  form  of  the  bloom  shows  its 
near  relationship  to  the  better  known 
Spiderwort  (Tradescantia  virginica).  It  is 
best  to  lift  and  store  the  fleshy  roots  in 
pots  in  the  winter,  but  it  may  escape  if  it 
is  left  in  the  open  under  a  protecting  cone 
of  ashes  or   a  heap   of  leaves. 

The  Blue  Siberian  Columbine. — For 
the  rock  garden  and  flower  border  the  Blue- 
Siberian  Columbine  (AquUegia  glandulosa) 
is  well  adapted.  The  blue  and  white 
flowers  produced  on  stems  a  foot  or  rather 
more  in  height  are  singularly  attractive. 
Usually  flowering  at  the  end  of  May  or  early 
June,  it  is  one  of  the  first  of  the  .\quilegias 
to  open.  This  year,  on  account  of  abnormal 
weather,  it  has  been  rather  earlier  than 
usual.  A.  glandulosa  thrives  best  in  a 
moist,  gritty  soil  or  sandy  loam  and  leaf- 
mould. 

A  June-flowering  Broom  from  South- 
west Europe. — Genista  cinerea,  the  Sierra 
Nevada  Broom,  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
and  showiest  of  Brooms.  Flowering  in 
June  it  is  doubly  valuable  when  the  galaxv 
of  April  and  May-flowering  shrubs  is  past. 
Tall  and  elegant  bushes,  ultimately  loft. 
to  12ft.  in  height,  the  long  slender  growths 
are  at  present  wreathed  with  the  small  pea- 
like, rich  yellow  blossoms.  In  common  with 
other  Brooms  the  subject  of  this  note 
flowers  best  in  comparatively  light  soils 
and  sunny  positions.  Seeds  provide  a  ready 
means  of  increase,  the  seedlings  being 
planted  in  the  flowering  positions  when  com- 
paratively small,  as  they  do  not  transplant 
readily. 

A  Beautiful  Blue-flowered  Shrub.— 
Among  hardy  shrubs  blue  shades  are  by 
no  means  common.  During  spring  and 
autunm  the  Ceanothuses  are  valuable 
shrubs   of   this   colour.      The  hardiest   and 


most  useful  for  late  May  and  June  flowering 
is  the  Califoroian  Lilac,  Ceanothus  thyrsiflorus. 
It  is  a  large  evergreen  shrub  or  small  tree, 
and  in  addition  to  its  value  in  the  garden 
and  pleasure  grounds  the  Californian  Lilac 
is  a  most  attractive  wall  shrub,  growing 
to  a  considerable  height  on  buildings  when 
space  permits.  For  this  purpose  fairly  close 
pruning   is   necessary  after  flowering.      Covering 


an  arbour  or  summer-house  Ceanothus  thrysi- 
florus  is  of  surpassing  beauty,  the  loose- 
habited  branches  displaying  to  their  full 
beauty  the  glossy  green  leaves  and  pale  blue 
blossoms. 

The  Sweet  Cicely  of  Old  Gardens. — Myrrhis 
olorata,    with    its    Fern-like    foliage    and   cream 
white    umbelliferous    bloom    in    early    May.    is    a 
useful  plant  in  shrubbery  edges  and  by  half-open 
woodland    ways.       By    the    first    days    of 
June,   when   the   bloom  is   over    and    the 
leaves   are  at   their  largest,  it    is    a    good 
plan    to    cut    it    down    to    the    groimd, 
leaves     and     all.       It     will     immediately 
make   new    growth,    and    after    a   surpris- 
ingly  short   interval     furnish    itself    with 
new   foliage    that    will    stand    throughout 
the  summer. 

A  Beautiful  Californian  Azalea.  — 
Azalea  occidentalis  is  a  shrub  which  is  of 
great  value  not  only  for  its  air  of  refine- 
ment but  because  it  comes  into  bloom 
when  the  earlier  Ghent  kinds  are  going 
over.  It  has  also  the  merit  of  having 
brightly  polished  foliage.  The  colour  is 
mostly  white  and  pale  pink.  It  is  well 
worth  a  visit  to  a  nursery  in  order  to 
make  a  careful  choice,  for  the  individual 
plants  vary  a  good  deal  within  certain 
characters.  When  such  a  visit  is  made  it 
is  a  wise  precaution  to  take  a  supply  of 
conspicuous  labels,  with  one's  name  and 
address  written  on,  and  to  tie  them  at 
once  to  the  chosen  bushes.  It  not  only 
ensures  having  the  right  plant,  but  is  a 
welcome  help  to  the  nurseryman. 
Saxifraga  trifurcata  as  an   Edging.— 

This  Saxifrage  is  a  low- growing  plant  that 
forms  a  natural  margin  to  paths  and  is 
attractive  at  all  seasons.  In  June  this 
Saxifrage  is  covered  with  myriads  of  star- 
like white  blossoms.  Commonly  known  as 
the  Stag-horn  Rockfoil,  this  Saxifrage 
belongs  to  the  mossy  section  of  the  genus  and 
when  not  in  flower  makes  a  delightful  moss- 
like carpet.  The  illustration  on  the  front 
cover  of  this  issue  clearly  shows  what  an 
excellent  subject  this  plant  is  as  an  edging 
to  garden  paths.  A  native  of  Spain,  this 
Saxifrage  will  thrive  in  any  garden  soil, 
provided  it  is  well  drained. 


AQUILEGIA    GLANDULOSA    OR    THE     BLUE    SIBERIAN 
COLUMBINE. 


FORTHCOMING   EVENTS. 

June  13. — United  Horticultural  Benefit 
and  Provident  Society's  Meeting.  Bath 
Gardeners'  Debating  Society's  Meeting. 

June  15. — Yorkshire  Flower  Show  (three 
days). 


290 


THE    GARDEN. 


[June  ii,  1921. 


Exotic   Trees   at   Gravetye   Manor 


By    ^^^LLIAM    ROBINSON,  F.L.S. 


Ca  witness  of  much  unpleasant  colour 
in  gardens,  public  and  private,  on  coming 
into  possession  of  some  farm  land  of  my 
own  my  thoughts  went  to  the  gifts  of 
the  earth  mother  in  the  forests  of  the 
northern  world.  The  plants  giving  poor  colour 
are  often  the  produce  of  costly  glass-houses  and 
must  not  be  exposed  to  our  air  until  near  the 
longest  summer  months,  while  others  coming  from 
the  plains  and  hills  of  the  frosty  North  there  can  be 
no  doubt  of  their  fitness  to  face  our  clime  at  all 
seasons.  And  so  I  made  a  big  trial  of  many 
trees,  not  in  the  mellow  loam  of  Devon,  or  in  the 
sea-kissed  air  of  Cornwall,  but  in  the  often  shady 
clay  of  the  forest  ridge  of  Sussex,  high  and  storm 
tossed. 

Last  year,  in  spite  of  a  very  cold  summer,  the 
glory  of  our  native  mixed  woodland  colour  emerged 
as  fine  as  ever ;  but  the  object  of  this  article  is 
to  deal  rather  with  the  beauty  of  trees  of  other 
ands  than  our  own.     The  beauty  of  the  Eastern 


American  woods  in  autumn  is  splendid,  and  an 
idea  which  is  common  to  many  is  that  the  pictures 
to  be  seen  there  are  due  to  the  climate  mainly  ; 
and  on  coming  here  I  thought  I  would  try  the 
American  trees  in  any  case  to  see  how  they  might 
look  in  wholly  changed  conditions. 

I  do  not  follow  any  book  classing  of  the  trees, 
but  take  them  in  the  order  of  their  beauty  and 
of  the  pleasure  they  gave ;  and  only  trees  grown 
in  the  place  are  named 

Vines  (Vitis)  form  a  great  natural  family  of 
climbers  which  garland  much  of  the  woods  of  the 
northern  world,  and  among  them  have  been  of 
recent  years  included  by  botanists  the  plants 
once  called  Virginian  Creepers.  For  thousands 
of  years  the  wine-giving  Vines  have  been  known, 
but  few  grown  of  the  other  wild  kinds ;  and  it 
is  only  recently  that  some  Chinese  and  Japanese 
Vines  have  come  into  garden  use.  Among  many 
of  the  hundred  wine  growers'  Vines  in  France 
there  is  scarcely  one  without  some  grace  of  form 


or  beauty  of  colour,  but  the  only  one  grown  for 
years  in  our  gardens  has  been  the  Claret  Vine  ;  while 
there  are  half  a  dozen  others  grown  in  France 
good  as  to  colour.  After  this  old  European  Vine, 
of  which  the  origin  is  lost  in  the  mist  of  ages, 
there  are  the  wild  Vines,  some  of  which  are  very 
beautiful ;  but  the  king  of  all  Vines  for  effect 
is  the  Yezzo  Vine,  which  climbs  the  forest  trees 
of  the  woods  of  Yezzo,  up  to  the  highest,  and  is 
the  finest  hardy  Vine  for  effective  colour.  It 
has  long  been  known  in  the  nursery  of  Anthony 
Waterer  at  Woking  under  another  name.  The 
plants  were  the  joint  gift  to  me  of  two  friends— 
the  late  Lord  Currie  and  the  late  Sir  Henry  Yorke 
— and  seedlings  from  it  I  put  in  all  sorts  of  positions 
(over  Apple  trees,  pergolas  and  hedgerows,  on 
Hollies  and  other  trees)  and  they  never  failed  to 
give  a  superb  effect.  This  Yezzo  Vine  is  as  hardy 
as  a  brier  ;  it  seeds  abundantly  and  is  well  worth 
placing  in  its  natural  position  ;  that  is,  climbing 
up  forest^'trees 


THE    LOWER    POOL    AT    GRAVETYE,    WITH    WILLOWS,    DOGWOOD    AND    SPRUCE    IN    THE    BACKGROUND. 


June  ii,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


291 


Maples  (Acer).- — In  this  great  family  of  northern 
and  mountain  trees  there  are  many  with  some 
beauty  of  colour,  but  I  here  name  those  of  proved 
and  striking  value  in  our  land.  Best  of  all  there 
is  the  Xonvay  Jlaple,  in  woodland  and  copse 
splendid  for  its  autumnal  colour.  The  Japan 
Maple  in  its  varieties  often  gives  fine  colour,  but 
it  has  not  assumed  the  tree  form  essential  in 
woodland.  After  the  Norway  Maple,  for  beauty, 
comes  the  Silver  Maple  of  America,  a  tall  and 
graceful  tree.  The  wild  tree  is  far  better  as  to 
endurance  than  any  of  its  varieties.  Our  native 
Sycamore  is  varied  in  colour,  and  a  brown  form 
comes  true  from  seed.  Our  native  Field  Maple 
in  many  districts  shows  a  pleasant  colour  in  autumn, 
and  so  does  the  Red  Maple. 

Willows  (Salix). — The  most  beautiful  tree  of 
our  islands  is  the  White  Willow,  grown  in  marshy 
ground  or  on  riverside,  and  grouped  and  massed. 
It  is  good  in  colour  all  the  year  round  and  fine 
in  summer  storms.  The  hybrids  of  this,  the 
Huntingdon  and  the  Bedford  Willo%vs,  are  like  in 
effect.  One  is  said  to  be  the  true  bat  Willow, 
but  here,  the  men  who  seek  bat  wood  are  quite 
happy  to  get  trees  of  the  true  White  Willow. 
The  facility  of  increase  of  the  Willows  from 
cuttings  is  such  that  many  people  never  think 
of  any  other  way,  but  it  is  best  to  look  to  the 
seed  for  the  best  grown  trees.  Nature  did  not 
give  the  seed  vessels  for  nothing  Willows  from 
seed  are  not  to  be  had  in  nurseries,  so  that  one 
who  cares  for  them  must  raise  seedlings  for  himself. 
Next  in  value  in  the  landscape  comes  our  own 
native  Golden  Willow,  sometimes  grown  in 
nurseries  under  the  name  of  Cardinal  WiUow ; 
it  is  fine,  too,  all  the  year  round.  Merely  planted 
as  a  "  specimen,"  it  has  only  a  slight  effect ;  but 
grouped  it  is  a  fine  winter  tree  to  see,  growing 
anywhere  in  moist  ground,  but  best  on  river- 
carried  soils.  The  Purple  Willow,  a  low,  graceful, 
weeping  tree,  sold  by  the  nurseries  to  die  through 
being  grafted  on  the  Sallow.  A  gray  bush  Willow 
(Salix  rosmarinifolia)  gives  a  welcome  colour  as 
undergrowth  near  water  Beautiful  trees  in 
riverside  soil  are  the  Babylonian  and  other  weeping 
Willows,  but  those  in  some  upland  soils  with  a 
rocky  bottom  are  short  lived  and  quite  poor 
in  effect,  as  they  naturally  grow  in  river-borne 
soil. 

Poplars  (Populus).— Near  the  Willows  come 
the  Poplars,  which  give  fine  character  to  the 
rivers  of  France  and  the  woods  of  North  America. 
The  Canadian  and  the  common  Poplars  pass 
into  good  colour  in  autumn,  the  most  distinct 
among  them  being  the  White  Poplar.  It  is  not 
of  much  value  in  ordinary  soil,  but  is  superb  in 
rich  hollows.  Of  recent  years  another  fine  tree, 
the  Black  Poplar  (Populus  trichocarpa),  has  come 
from  Oregon  and  the  region  near,  where  it  grows 
2ooft.  high.  It  is  fragrant,  a  rapid  grower,  and 
striking  for  its  silvery  effects  in  woodlands.  Our 
native  Aspen,  which  'here  passes  off  into  modest 
colour,  in  certain  calcareous  soils  assumes  a  fine 
claret  colour. 

Thorns  (Crataegus). — The  world  gets  richer  in 
Thorns  every  day — it  is  alarming  to  think  of  the 
number  they  find  in  -America — but,  whatever 
their  distinction,  many  of  them  are  fine  low  trees 
and  we  may  look  to  them  to  give  us  some  day 
good  live- fence  plants.  All  are  weU  armed  with 
thorns  and  beautiful  in  flower  and  fruit.  There 
is  nothing  we  want  so  much  as  a  live-fence  that 
will  take  care  of  itself  Om:  native  Thorn  is  so 
often  in  need  of  attention  that  it  tempts  many 
to  neglect  it  for  the  iron  fence.  We  have  used 
the  Cockspur  Thorn  as  a  fence,  and  a  fine  wood 
fence  it  makes,  taking  a  brown  red  colour  in 
autumn. 

Dogwoods  (Comus). — ^The  Dogwoods  claim  a 
good   place,    the   Siberian   (Cornus   alba)    being   a 


vigorous  grower  in  almost  any  soil,  but  it  loves 
marshy  ground  and  helps  as  a  weed- killer  !  Close 
set,  as  it  should  be  for  effect,  its  shade  of  leaf  is 
so  dense  that  weeds  that  defy  the  hoe  give  up 
the  ghost  after  a  few  years  in  the  embraces  of  the 
Siberian  Dogwood.  (There  is  some  little  confusion 
often  in  calling  this  the  Scarlet  Dogwood,  a  native 
shrub  not  so  effective  as  the  Siberian  shrub,  which 
bears  white  berries.)  The  handsome  American 
flowering  Dogwood  does  not  thrive  so  well  here 
as  we  should  like,  but  it  gives  us  fine  colour  of 
leaf  in  the  fall. 

Cherries  (Prunus). — ^The  wUd  Cherry  trees  tell 
their  own  story  in  many  woods  in  the  Southern 
Counties  ;  in  autumn  are  fine  in  colour.  Led  on 
by  them  we  tried  the  Japanese  Cherry  in  its 
various  forms,  so  beautiful  in  flower  in  spring. 
A  group  growing  above  the  Azaleas  was  one  of 
our  loveliest  clouds  of  rose  in  the  early  spring. 
These  Cherries,  too,  turn  to  a  rich  brown  in  the 
autumn. 

Barberries. — These  brilliant  shrubs  are  coming 
in  numbers  from  other  countries,  chiefly  the 
mountains  of  China  and  Thibet,  and  we  may 
therefore  look  forward  to  having  more  good 
things  in  time.     We  are  already  rich  in  Thunberg's 


and  a  number  of  brilliant  fruited  kinds,  like 
Wilson's.  Our  native  Barberry  is  a  lovely  shrub 
grouped  in  the  full  sun,  and  its  purple  variety 
is  also  excellent.  The  evergreen  Barberry  is  also 
an  attractive  shrub,  so  much  so  that  the  hawkers 
steal  its  leaves  for  the  London  market.  There 
is  the  fine  evergreen  Darwin's  Barberry,  and 
hybrids  raised  fi-om  it  are  excellent  in  effect  in 
spring. 

Iron  Tree  (Parottia).— This  distinct  hardy 
tree  gives  a  good  display  of  colour  in  the  autumn 
with  its  large  leaves.  It  is  a  native  of  the  high- 
lands of  Northern  India  and  Persia.  As  yet  we 
do  not  know  enough  about  it  to  judge  of  its 
character  as  a  tree,  but  there  is  no  doubt  about 
its  hardiness  and  fitness  for  our  climate.  We 
grow  it  among  trees,  partially  shaded,  but  probably 
it  might  be  better  in  the  full  sun. 

Maidenhair  Tree  (Ginkgo). — This  beautiful  tree, 
which  is  so  happy  in  our  country  in  some  old 
gardens,  also  gives  us  a  rich  yello%v  in  the  autumn. 
It  is  also  handsome  in  fruit,  but  the  male  form 
is  the  one  mostly  seen  in  our  gardens.  It  is 
easily  grown  from  seed,  so  that  its  grouping  or 
massing  should  be  an  easy  matter ;  and  old  trees 
are  fine  in  colour  in  the  fall. 


A  NEW  HYBRID    RHODODENDRON 


RHODODENDRON      MARGARET      BEAN. 
Flowers  yellozv  edged  red. 


This  is  a  hybrid  Rhododendron  raised  at  Kew, 
the  parents  being  the  yellow-flowered  species 
R.  campylocarpum,  a  native  of  the  Sikkim 
Himalayas,  and  a  red-flowered  garden  variety, 
Esmeralda.  The  ground  colour  of  the  flowers 
of  Margaret  Bean  is  yellow  with  a  dainty  edging 
of  red.  It  is  a  not  uncommon  saying  among 
Rhododendron  enthusiasts  that  a  fortune  awaits 
the  raiser  of  a  hardy  large-leaved,  deep  yellow 
Rhododendron  with  flowers  the  size  of  Pink  Pearl. 
The  object  in  making  the  cross  which  produced 
Margaret  Bean  was  a  step  in  this  direction.  The 
plant  appears  to  be  hardier,  and  the  leaves  and 
flowers  are  larger  than  those  of  R.  campylo- 
carpum,    but    there    is    too     much     colour  t  from 


the  male  parent,  though  by  intercrossing  and 
selectioa  of  the  seedlings  it  should  be  possible  to 
eliminate  this.  If  one  of  the  Chinese  collectors 
would  only  send  us  home  a  larg^ -leaved  ever- 
green species  with  flowers  the  colour  of  Azalea 
Anthony  Koster  the  hybridist  would  surely  raise 
a   monument  to  his  memory. 

The  crossing  or  pollinating  of  the  flowers^fof 
Rhododendrons  and  the  raising  of  the  seedlnig 
plants  is  most  interesting  work.  No  artificial 
heat  is  necessary  to  raise  the  seedlings.  A  cold 
frame  or  pit  is  desirable,  though  even  this  is  not 
indispensable  pans  or  shallow  boxes  each  covered 
with  a  sheet  of  glass  and  stood  in  a  sheltered 
position  maliing  excellent  substitutes. 


292 


THE     GARDEN. 


fJUNE   II,    I921. 


PRESENT    PREPARATION    FOR    WINTER    FLOWERS 


The  first  half  of  June  is  the  time  for  the  final  potting  of  winter-flozvering  greenhouse  plants,  including 
Chrysanthemums.  Greenhouse  plants  can  be  poor  and  unsatisfying,  but  this  is  due  to  improper 
summer  treatment.      If  the  advice  given  beloio   is  followed,  the  result  will  astonish  some  who  have  been 

content  to  do  things  in  haphazard  fashion. 


DURING  the  late  autumn,  winter  and 
.  spring  months,  a  gay  greenhouse  is 
I  fully  appreciated,  more  so  on  account 
'  of  the  scarcity  of  iiowers  outside,  and, 
in  many  instances,  the  uninviting 
appearance  of  the  immediate  outside  surroundings 
during  the  cold  months. 

But,  to  satisfy  the  natural  hunger  for  a  bright 
display  of  flowers  during  the  winter,  the  cultivator 
must  look  well  ahead.  He  must  not  wait  till  winter 
before  taking  action ;  practically,  the  final  pre- 
parations must  be  made  before  midsummer  day. 
A  good  selection  of  plants  is  essential  to  success — • 
those  kinds  that  flower  profusely  and  do  not  require 
a  high  greenhouse  temperature. 

Chrysanthemums  take  the  lead  for  the  autumn 
display  and,  indeed,  till  Christmas.  The  plants 
should  be  closely  examined  now  and  those  not 
already  dealt  with,  repotted  forthwith  in  the  large 
pots.  The  strongest  varieties  will  do  best  in  lo-in. 
and  ii-in.  pots;  also  those  that  are  to  bear  the 
latest  batch  of  flowers ;  the  November-flowering 
ones  will  do  nicely  in  g-in.  and  lo-in.  pots.  The 
potting  compost  acts  as  the  storehouse  for  food 
suppUed  to  the  roots,  so  it  is  advisable  to  take  extra 
care  in  the  preparation  of  the  compost  and  the 
actual  potting  so  that  the  sod  will  remain  sweet  and 
porous  as  long  as  possible.  The  position  of  the 
plants  should  be  an  open  but  sheltered  one — 
sheltered  from  the  strong  winds. 

Tree  Carnations. — The  most  forward  plants, 
now  well  rooted  in  their  flowering  pots,  may  be 
placed  outside  in  a  similarly  sheltered  spot  till  the 
middle  or  end  of  August.  Place  the  pots  on  boards, 
tiles,  or  ashes.  The  bulk  of  the  plants  will  need 
stopping  during  this  month.  The  later  batches 
of  plants  must  be  kept  in  cold  frames  till  July, 
but  be  fully  exposed  except  in  very  rainy  weather. 


The  final  potting  of  many  plants  must  take  place 
now  ;  do  not  use  any  fancy  compost,  but  mainly 
well  rotted  turf  with  plenty  of  fibre  in  it,  some 
sweet  leaf  soil  and  concentrated  manures  according 
to  the  directions  given  with  them. 

Begonias. — Many  of  the  fibrous  rooted  ever- 
green Begonias  flower  profusely  in  the  warm  green- 
house during  the  winter  time.  They  need  jrame 
treatment  now  ;  well  ventilated  in  suitable  weather 
and  kept  closed  when  it  is  cold  or  there  is  much 
rain.  Neat  specimens  result  if  the  shoots  are 
judiciously  stopped  now  and  during  the  following 
six  weeks.  Use  loam,  leaf  soil  and  sand  as  a 
potting  compost.  Begonia  Carrieri,  white ;  B. 
weltouiensis,  rosy  pink ;  B.  fuchsioides,  bright 
red ;  B.  picta,  red  flowers,  lovely  leaves ;  B. 
Knowsleyana  ;  B.  nitida  and  B.  Gloire  de  Sceaux 
are  all  admirable  and  well  tried  sorts. 

Bouvardias. — Cultivators  who  understand  how 
to  treat  Fuchsias  may  succeed  with  Bouvardias  too. 
A  sunny  frame  or  plot  outside  will  answer  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  plants  now,  or  the  pots  may 
be  plunged  to  their  rims  in  ashes.  When  potting 
the  plants  use  a  compost  of  fibrous  loam,  leaf  soil, 
some  sand  and  a  small  quantity  of  old  mortar 
rubble  Pinch  the  points  of  the  more  straggling 
shoots  tiU  the  end  of  July — not  after  that  date. 
President  Cleveland,  scarlet ;  Vreelandi,  white, 
single,  and  President  Garfield  pink,  with  Alfred 
Neuner   white,  double,  wiU  serve  our  purpose  well. 

Salvias. — if  the  flowers  of  these  plants  did  not 
fall  off  so  much  soon 
after  the  plants  are 
placed  under  glass  early 
in  the  autumn,  more,  I 
am  sure,  would  be  grown 
There  are  several  reasons 
for  the  shedding  of  the 


flowers  prematurely,  namely :  sudden  change  of 
temperature,  undue  exposure  to  cold  draughts  and 
inattention  to  watering.  The  plants  must  not  be 
made  to  feel  the  change  from  the  outside  to  the 
inside  temperature  too  much.  Keep  the  plants  well 
apart  now  and  during  the  summer  months  so 
as  to  secure  bushy  specimens.  Salvia  splendens 
Bouanti,  brilliant  scarlet ;  S.  gesnerajflora  and 
S.  Bethelli  will  make  a  fine  display  if  the  plants 
are  well  grown. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums.  —  The  double-flowered 
varieties  have  found  much  favour  in  past  years ; 
till  recently  more  of  these  and  fewer  of  the  singles 
have  been  grown  for  a  winter  display.  The  flowers 
of  the  single  varieties  do  not  damp  nor  drop  off 
in  a  mouldy  condition  as  much  as  those  of  the 
double  ones,  a  great  consideration  in  these  times 
of  shortage  of  fuel.  The  final  potting  must  be  done 
now  so  that  the  plants  may  soon  fill  the  pots  with 
healthy  roots  and  be  ready  for  feeding  at  an  early 
date.  Place  the  plants  in  a  very  warm  position 
outside,  stop  the  shoots  till  early  in  August  and 
continue  to  remove  all  flower  stems  till  six  weeks 
prior  to  the  time  that  the  first  batch  of  blossom  is 
needed.  A  4i-in.  potful  of  bone  meal  to  a  bushel  of 
compost  is  a  lasting  and  very  beneficial  food  for 
these  Pelargoniums.  The  housing  should  take 
place  before  the  plants  are  chilled  by  the  autumn 
weather. 

Libonia,  with  its  profusion  of  pretty  red  and 
orange  tube-shaped  flowers,  should  find  a  place  in 


FIRST      STOPPING      AND      ITS      RESULT. 
The  plant  on  the  right  was  neglected. 


THE      BENEFIT      OF      SECOND      STOPPING. 
A  was  stopped  for    the    second    time    at    the    points    indicated. 
The    spindly  plant   should  have   been   stopped  zchere  marked. 


June    ii,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


293 


our  greenhouses  from  October  till  well  into  January 
At  the  present  time  repot  the  young  plants  and 
again  later  on  as  they  require  it:  employing  loam, 
leaf  soil  and  sand,  with  a  little  rotted  manure. 
Grow  in  cold  frames. 

Eupatorium  riparium. — if  treated  similarly 
to  a  bush  Chrysanthemum,  in  the  matter  of 
potting,  stopping  and  tying  out  of  shoots,  this 
Eupatorium  will  yield  a  fine  lot  of  pretty 
white  blooms  throughout  the  winter  in  a  moder- 
ate temperature. 

Kalosanthes. — \'ery  few  plants  are  more  showy 
during  the  summer  months.     The  wax-like  pinli 


ROCK    ROSES    FOR    SUNNY    BANKS 


No  Situation  Too  Hot  and  Dry,  No  Soil  Too  Poor 


A  NY( 

A; 


NYONE  who  has  seen  the  Cistus  or  Rock 
Rose  in  its  native  haunts — as  on  sunny 
hillsides  in  Southern  Europe,  where 
the  writer  hopes  to  do  so  again  by  the 
time  these  lines  appear  in  print — i? 
glad   to   meet   it    again  in   England.     There  is   a 


it  is  usually  touched  by  frost  in  winter.  It  is  one 
of  the  finest  of  the  genus.  The  blooms  are  white, 
with  a  rich  purple  blotch  at  the  base  of  each 
petal,  and  the  plant  grows  to  a  height  of  6ft.  to 
8ft.  From  this  species  ladanum  is  obtained,  a 
resinous     exudation     of     pleasing     fragrance.     C. 


EFFECTIVE    GROUPING    OF    ROCK    ROSES    UNDER    FIR    TREES    IN    A    DRY    SOIL. 


and  fragrant  flowers  of  Kalanchoe  carnea 
maintain  the  display,  or  practically  renew  it  from 
November  till  the  end  of  February.  The  plants  are 
succulent  and  require  treatment  very  similar  to 
that  suitable  for  Kalosanthes. 

Solanum  capsicastriim. — This  berry-bearing 
Solanum  should  have  a  place  in  our  greenhouse 
during  the  autumn  and  early  winter  months. 
The  brilliantly-coloured  berries  in  a  setting  of  deep 
green  leaves  often  called,  by  amateurs,  "  Winter 
Cherries,"  play  an  important  part  in  the  furnishing 
of  the  warm  greenhouse.  From  now  onwards, 
place  the  plants  on  a  bed  of  ashes  or  in  a  cold  frame, 
attending  carefully  to  watering,  and,  directly 
berries  begin  to  form,  feed  liberally  with  soot  and 
manure  water 

Primulas,  Cinerarias,  Calceolarias  and  Cycla- 
men, if  grown  in  cold  frames  from  now  onwards, 
will  yield  a  rich  harvest  of  blossom  from  November 
till  .^prU.  All  lovers  of  gay  greenhouses  in  winter 
should  pay  close  attention  to  the  work  of  repotting 
the  plants  now  as  dilatoriness  in  this  matter  would 
mean  stunted  specimens  which  would  flower 
prematurely.  Geo.  Garner. 


southern  look  about  these  flowers  which  possess 
a  beauty  all  their  own.  No  situation  can  be  too 
hot  and  dry,  and  no  soil  can  be  too  poor  for 
them.  The  plants  must  have  room  to  spread 
and  ramble  at  their  own  free  will,  for  they  resent 
fussing  and  trimming,  and  love  to  go  their  own 
sweet  way  and  to  spread  over  the  sunny  side 
of  rocks  and  banks.  Many  of  the  Cistuses  are 
quite  hardy,  and  the  following  (with  the  exception 
of  C.  ladaniferus,  which  is  shielded  with  Pine 
boughs  in  winter)  have  stood  outside  in  exposed 
positions  in  the  writer's  garden  in  Surrey  through 
the  last  two  winters  •  C.  corbariensis.  bearing 
white  flowers  ;  C.  crispus  and  its  exquisite  variety 
Sunset,  with  grey  leaves  and  purple  crimson 
flowers  about  2ins.  in  diameter;  C.  cyprius,  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  of  its  race  with  large  flowers 
4ins.  across,  pure  white,  with  rich  brown-red 
markings  near  the  base  of  the  petals  and  a  tinge 
of  yellow  at  the  extreme  base.  It  is  often 
confused  with  C.  ladaniferus,  which  it 
resembles. 

The   true   Gum   Cistus,    C.   ladaniferus,    is    less 
hardy,  and  unless  protected   as   mentioned   above 


laurifolius  is  a  big  grower,  very  hardy,  with  a 
good  habit  and  abundant  white  flowers.  It  grows 
6ft.  or  so  in  height,  will  stand  for  many  years, 
and  is  probably  the  hardiest  of  all  the  species  in 
cultivation.  C.  monspeliensis,  with  dense  foliage, 
varies  in  habit  and  bears  a  profusion  of  small 
white  flowers.  C.  purpureus  is  perhaps  the  most 
beautiful  of  the  whole  race.  It  bears  very  large 
brilliant  crimson  purple  flowers,  and  each  petal 
has  a  deep  blotch  of  maroon  at  the  base.  No 
Cistus  flowers  with  greater  freedom  in  the  writer's 
garden  than  C.  florentinus,  a  good  grower,  very 
hardy,  forming  a  dense  spreading  bush  literally 
smothered  in  white  flowers.  C.  Loretti  syn. 
lusitanicus  forms  an  attractive  evergieen  bush,  as 
a  rule  less  than  3ft.  high,  of  spreading  habit.  It 
bears  large  white  flowers  with  bold  crimson  spots 
and,  unlike  most  Cistuses,  the  flowers  are  retained 
until  the  evening. 

In  the  cultivation  of  these  beautiful  plants  it 
should  be  remembered  that  too  much  moisture 
in  the  soil  is  fatal :  they  thrive  on  poor  stony 
soil  and  surmy  banks  with  their  roots  high  and 
dry. 


294 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  ii,  1921. 


Some    Plants    that    Lack    Deserved 

Popularity 

Though   Slighted   they   are    Worthy   and  are   Easily   Grown   under 
Suitable    Conditions 


with  is  it  is  seldom  written  of.  Tlius  it  is  with 
many  plants  that  might  and  should  always  be 
popular.  A.  J.  Macself. 


IT  is  strange  that  with  all  the  books,  journals, 
articles  and  notes  on  gardening  matters  that 
are  circulated,  and  in  spite  of  the  facilities 
for  exhibiting  plants  that  bloom  at  any  season 
of  the  year  there  are  some  which  possess 
quite  exceptional  merits,  but  for  some  inexplicable 
reason  they  lack  popularity  and  are  almost 
unknown. 

It  is  not  choice  rarities  that  demand  special  care 
or  accommodation  of  which  I  am  thinliing,  but 
rather  of  a  few  quite  easily  grown  plants  that  are 
not  at  all  fastidious  in  regard  to  soil  or  situation 
and  that  bloom  freely  for  a  lengthy  period  and 
which  certainly  deserve  a  greater  share  of  attention 
than  they  at  present  enjoy. 

I  will  place  first  among  these  undeservedly 
slighted  plants  the  dainty  little  Androsace  coronopi- 
folia.  This  is  a  perfectly  charming  little  thing 
which  forms  a  rosette  of  stalkless  green  leaves 
nestling  close  to  the  soil,  from  which  rise  flower 
stems  to  a  height  of  about  sins.  The  flowers 
are  borne  in  umbels  on  foot-stalks  which  radiate 
in  a  light,  airy  arrangement,  the  flat  white  blossoms 
being  about  as  large  as  a  Forget-me-not,  and  the 
plants,  whether  grown  in  the  rock  garden,  around 
the  edge  of  a  bed,  or  in  pots  and  pans,  will  malvc 
a  brave  show  for  many  w-eeks  during  the  spring 
season.  It  is  only  of  biennial  duration,  but  seed 
is  so  freely  produced  and  so  easily  raised  tliat  when 
once  installed  there  is  no  difficulty  in  maintaining 
stock.  Over  twenty  years  ago  I  made  the  acquaint- 
ance of  this  little  gem  in  Messrs.  Barr  and  Sons' 
Long  Ditton  Nurseries,  and  as  evidence  of  its 
easy  culture  I  may  mention  that  from  seeds  which 
dropped  among  the  ashes  in  which  plants  in  pots 
were  plunged  an  abundance  of  young  stock  was 
obtainable.  Strange,  it  seems,  that  so  accom- 
modating and  easily  grown  an  Androsace,  which 
might  well  be  made  an  edging  for  beds  of  spring 
bulbs  and  would  add  charm  to  any  rock  garden, 
can  scarcely  be  found  in  any  of  the  hardy 
plant  catalogues. 

Chasnostoma  hispida  is  another  wliite-flowered 
plant  one  seldom  sees,  but  it  might  almost  be 
termed  perpetual  flowering,  and  both  the  habit 
of  growth  and  the  profusion  with  which  its  tiny 
starry  flowers  are  produced  are  characteristics 
that  should  appeal  strongly  to  amateurs  who  like 
something  dainty  but  of  easy  culture.  The 
accommodation  of  a  small  greenhouse,  even  un- 
heated,  is  sufficient  to  keep  the  plants  in  bloom 
practically  the  year  round,  while  those  required 
for  outdoor  bedding  may  be  safely  wintered  in  a 
cold  frame.  Every  shoot,  when  about  2ins.  long, 
may  make  a  cutting  and  strikes  so  readily  that 
when  once  stock  has  been  procured  it  is  a  simple 
matter  to  increase.  The  one  question  is  :  who 
has  stock  to  offer  ? 

How  infrequently  do  we  see  in  the  gardens  we 
visit  a  good  patch  of  Baptisia  australis,  and  yet 
it  is  one  of  the  most  charming  of  blue-flowered 
border  plants  one  can  establish  in  the  herbaceous 
border.  Its  particular  shade  of  sky  blue  is  rarely 
equalled  by  other  plants  that  are  much  oftener 
met  with,  and  the  only  thing  I  can  tliink  of  as  a 
reason  for  its  infrequency  is  that  those  who  do 
plant  it  disturb  it  before  it  reaches  its  full  glory. 
The  Baptisia  is  one  of  those  plants  that,  when  once 
installed,  should  be  left  at  peace.  A  good  plan  is  to 
distrubute  half  a  dozen  roots  over  an  area  of 
several  square  yards.     For  the  first  season  or  two 


such  plants  as  AntiiTliinums  or  Poppies  may  be 
used  to  till  in  the  space  between  the  plants,  but  in 
course  of  time  the  Baptisia  will  occupy  the  whole 
area,  and  then  the  mass  of  fine  foliage  and  the  bold 
spikes  of  pea-like  blue  flowers  will  constitute  a 
most  striking  feature  in  the  garden  every  June 
and  July, 

To  cover  a  stretch  of  ground  either  in  the  fore- 
part of  a  herbaceous  border,  on  a  sunny  bank,  or 
on  a  slope  of  the  rock  garden  the  prostrate  CEnotnera 
missouriensis,  otherwise  known  as  CE.  macrocarpa, 
is  a  glorious  plant,  producing  a  carpet  of  silky 
looking  green  foliage  with  a  prolonged  and  abundant 
supply  of  blossoms  which  are  wonderfully  large 
for  so  dwarf  a  plant  and  are  of  clearest  imaginable 
yellow.  Quite  commonly  the  flatly  opened  flowers 
exceed  4ins,  in  diameter,  and  of  a  summer  afternoon 
and  evening  the  sheet  of  bright  but  refined  colour 
is  entrancingly  beautiful.  A  packet  of  seed  sown 
in  a  frame  will  provide  an  ample  stock,   but  for 


AN   EVENING  PRIMROSE   OF   PROSTRATE 
HABIT    (CENOTHERA  MISSOURIENSIS). 

some  strange  reason  few  of  our  seedsmen  include 
it  in  their  catalogues.  For  those  who  prefer  a 
glistening  satiny  white  to  the  yellow  of  CE, 
missouriensis  an  equal  display  can  as  easily  be 
procured  by  using  CE,  acaulis  (syn.  taraxacifolia) 
the  latter  name  implying  the  similarity  of  its  foliage 
to  the  leaves  of  Dandelion. 

Fragrance  is  as  delightful  and  as  desirable  in  the 
garden  as  is  colour,  and  for  its  refreshing  and 
invigorating  perfume  alone  Cedronella  cana  should 
always  be  assured  of  aftectionate  regard.  Its 
mahogany  red  flowers  are  not  of  the  gay  or  brilliant 
order,  but  to  catch  a  waft  of  its  perfume  is  sufficient 
to  make  one  pause  and  enjoy.  There  is  no  difficulty 
in  growing  Cedronella.  It  is  easily  raised  from 
seed,  and  easily  rooted  from  cuttings,  and  the 
probability  is   the  only  reason  it  is  seldom   met 


THE     GARDEN     OF 
THE  TIRED  MAN 

In  case  some  of  the  ideas  may  be  useful,  I  send 
the  following  short  account  of  a  little  town 
garden  which  gave  much  pleasure  to  a  very  tired 
man  during  the  years  of  the  war ;  My  husband 
was  an  exceedingly  busy  man  and  could  only 
enjoy  brief  intervals  of  rest  in  the  garden  during 
the  late  evening  ;  therefore  we  especially  noted 
what  flowers  were  most  visible  at  dusk,  and  those 
which  seemed  sweetest  when  the  dew  was  falling. 
Our  garden  was  rather  long  and  narrow ;  the 
taller  flowers  were  planted  at  the  further  end, 
so  that  we  could  see  most  of  them  from  the  house 
on  wet  evenings.  There  were  Moon  Daisies  and 
Madonna  Lilies,  large  clumps  of  white  Stocks 
(tall  old  plants  at  the  back  of  a  border)  and  Evening 
Primroses,  whose  pale  yellow  flowers  were  quite 
distinct  in  shade  from  white  flowers  even  late  in 
the  evening.  White  Hollyhocks,  too,  were  there  ; 
these  were  very  noticeable,  as  were  also  the 
Tobacco  plants,  whose  white  flowers  seemed  to 
increase  in  size  at  twilight.  White  Honesty 
plants  were  particularly  vivid,  the  petals  appearing 
to  possess  a  silvery  gleam  peculiar  to  themselves. 
The  white  flowers  in  a  row  of  mixed  Sweet  Peas 
were  always  distinct.  Turning  to  flowers  of  a 
darker  hue,  but  sweetly  scented,  we  had  quantities 
of  Heliotrope,  Mignonette,  Bergamot  and  Wall- 
flowers— the  latter  were  a  dark  variety,  but 
golden  and  primrose  coloured  ones  could  be 
substituted  with  good  efiect.  Besides  the  afore- 
mentioned flowers,  we  had  sweet  herbs  planted 
on  each  side  of  a  narrow  path,  and  purposely 
allowed  to  overhang,  so  that  we  might  brush 
against  them  in  passing.  Just  imagine  walking 
at  evening  down  a  path  bordered  with  Balm, 
Hyssop,  Winter  Savory,  various  Thymes,  Lavender, 
Rosemary,  Santolina,  Marjoram,  Peppermint, 
Spearmint,  WooUymint,  Watermint,  Pennyroyal, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  path  a  huge  Oak-leaf 
Geranium  and  a  Lemon-scented  Verbena  I  The 
slightest  touch  as  we  walked  along  released  the 
different  leaf  odours.  I  find  I  have  not  mentioned 
either  Night-scented  Stock,  Sweet  Briar  or  the 
old-fashioned  Roses,  which  are  particularly  fragrant 
at  night,  the  white  and  pale  pink  varieties  showing 
up  well,  too.  Also,  three  flowers  which  give  off 
their  perfume  as  dusk  approaches — Schizopetalon 
Walkeri,  CEnothera  odorata  and  Hesperis  tristis  ; 
for  my  knowledge  of  these  I  am  indebted  to  Mrs. 
Earle's  "  More  Pot  Pourri  from  a  Surrey  Garden." 
A  large  old  Pear  tree  and  two  Cherry  trees  gave 
great  pleasure  at  night  when  they  were  blooming  ; 
their  blossoms  were  more  distinct  than  those  of 
two  little  Apple  trees,  which  were,  however,  quite 
visible.  This  little  garden  was  always  delightful 
and  fragrant  while  we  were  in  possession,  and  a 
never-ending  source  of  enjoyment  when  the  day's 
work  was  done.  Maude  E.  Jones. 


Herbaceous  Calceolarias. — Now  is  a  suitable 

time  to  sow  for  next  season's  flowering.  Use 
nice  light  soil  and  scatter  a  little  silver  sand  over 
the  surface.  After  sowing  the  seed  do  not  cover, 
merely  pressing  the  seed  down  among  the  sand 
with  a  smooth  board.  Place  a  sheet  of  obscured 
glass  over  the  seed-pan,  as  this  lessens  evaporation 
and  assists  germination. 


June  ii,  1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


295 


ROCK  and    FORMAL    GARDENING 


Our   Special   Correspondents^    Comments   and   Criticism 


MORE    ABOUT   THE    ROCK 
GARDENS 

Among  other  rock  garden  exhibits,  at  Chelsea 
that  of  Whitelegg  and  Co.  offered  some  very  useful 
suggestions  in  construction.  The  background  was 
a  clifi-Iike  formation,  through  a  rift  in  which  was 
seen  a  water-hollowed  cavity  and  from  it  a  tiny 
spring  issued.  In  the  right  foreground  was  a 
realistic  little  bit  of  Yorkshire  or  Westmorland 
moorland  rock,  faithfully  reproduced.  Had  the 
remainder  of  the  exhibit  been  completed  up  to  the 
same  standard,  this  would  have  been  a  very 
excellent  piece  of  work,  but  the  introduction  of  an 
island,  as  nearly  as  possible  a  true  ellipse  in  shape, 
rather  spoilt  the  conception.  This  island,  edged 
by  a  rigid  line  of  hard  stone,  surrounded  by  a 
narrow  stream,  and  "  bedded  out "  rather  than 
planted  with  Primulas,  was  much  too  regular  and 
trim  to  indicate  a  natural  development.  I  do  not 
say  that  such  things  never  occur  in  nature,  but 
they  are  unusual,  and  do  not  belong  to  the  types 
that  are  sufficiently  picturesque  to  be  reproduced. 
"  Veracity  first  of  all,  and  for  ever.  Rein  de  beau 
que  le  vrai.  In  all  design  art  lies  in  making  your 
object  prominent,  but  there  is  a  prior  art  in 
choosing  objects  that  are  prominent,"  might  well 
have  been  written  as  the  true  teaching  of  rock 
garden  construction.  Whitelegg's  plants  were 
good.  They  always  are,  but  the  use  of  them  left 
a  little  to  be  desired.  The  "  object  "  was  not  left 
"  prominent."  The  colour  was  quite  skilfully  used 
so  far  as  harmony  was  concerned,  but  was  weakly 
managed  in  its  distribution.  The  result  was  that 
there  was  no  centre  to  the  picture,  and  the  whole 
effort  became  to  the  casual  glance  rather  a  mixture 
of  rocks  and  plants,  than  a  carefully  designed  effort, 
which  it  was.  No  cool  green  charm  betrayed  itself 
in  the  waterways  ;  they  were  so  many  rifts  among 
llower  beds,  and  the  design  did  not  separate  itself 
from  the  planting  sufficiently  to  retain  its  value. 

Pulhani's  effort  was  of  a  very  different  character, 
but  showed  the  reverse  fault.  The  work  was  bold  ; 
correct  as  regards  the  use  of  the  material,  indeed, 
I  do  not  think  it  possible  to  mal<e  much  better 
use  of  the  particular  rock  employed  in  this  exhibit. 
There  was,  however,  a  tendency  to  treat  the 
planting  as  quite  subordinate.  The  plants  were 
not  always  in  their  correct  positions  and  seemed  to 
be  used  rather  as  a  decoration  for  tlie  rockwork 
than  as  part  of  the  garden  scheme.  The  general 
effect  was,  however,  bold  and  good,  but  would 
have  been  much  more  appreciated  if  the  neigh- 
bouring exhibit  of  garden  ornaments  had  been 
placed  somewhere  else  in  the  ground.  Rockwork 
and  sculpture  are  as  oil  and  water,  they  do  not  mix. 

Elliott's  rock  exhibit  was  so  frankly  used  as  a 
convenient  m  ethod  of  presenting  a  very  fine  col- 
lection of  beautiful  alpine  plants,  that  comment 
on  its  construction  is  superfluous. 

I  scarcely  think  it  fair  to  offer  any  criticism  on 
Kent  and  Brydon's  exhibit,  because  such  short- 
comings as  it  presented  were  in  large  measure  due 
to  circumstances  over  which  they  had  no  control. 
They  have  done  better  in  the  past,  but  being  com- 
pelled to  start  very  late,  they  could  not  take 
things  so  leisurely  as  some  other  exhibitors.  Con- 
sidering the  time  they  were  able  to  spend  on  it. 
the  result  was  remarkably  good. 

There  were  two  other  exhibits  far  removed 
from  the  above  that  must  be  noticed  in  the  interest 
of  the  visitor  who  goes  to  Chelsea  for  reliable 
information.     One,   both   as  regards   construction 


and  planting  might  well  have  been  introduced  as 
an  example  of  the  things  we  left  behind  many  years 
ago.  A  tortuous  path,  between  raised  beds  of 
white  stone,  planted  with  Violas,  Hydrangeas  and 
other  un-alpine  plants  was  reminiscent  of  the 
"  grotto "  period  of  rock  gardening  in  England. 
Frankly  I  think  it  belonged  to  that  class  of  exhibit 
about  which  the  authorities  should  exercise  its 
discretipnary  powers  to  exclude  from  "  the  greatest 
show  in  the  world." 

In  the  other  the  construction  was  much  better, 
but  the  planting  was  calculated  to  convey  very 
wrong  impressions.  Acer  Negundo  variegata, 
Nertera  depressa,  Panicum,  Ficus  repens,  trailing 
Tradescantias,  annual  Stocks,  bedding  Violas,  are 
not  alpine  or  rock  plants.  Nor  would  they  survive 
long  in  the  positions  in  which  they  were  placed. 
If  this  lead  is  followed  we  might  as  well  plant 
rock  gardens  with  tender  Orchids,  filmy  Ferns  and 
tropical  Palms. 

So  long  as  this  sort  of  thing  is  tolerated  at  Chelsea, 
so  long  as  such  exhibits  are  recognised  as  worthy 
of  any  award,  the  public  who  know  will  mistrust  the 
efforts  of  other  exhibitors  who  are  genuinely  and 
honestly,  as  far  as  circumstances  permit,  trying  to 
give  faithful  examples  of  their  art  and  craft.  So 
long  also  will  a  receptive  public,  which  does  not 
know,  be  tempted  to  copy  such  examples  to  their 
own  cost  and  disappointment.  "  Because  I  saw 
it  at  Chelsea  Show."  is  the  boast  of,  and  reason, 
given  by  many  people  when  showing  you  some 
additions  to  their  garden,  and  for  this  reason 
alone  it  is  incumbent  on  exhibitors  to  present  as 
truthfully  as  possible  examples  of  their  craft  and 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  to  discourage  the 
presentation  of  expensively  misleading  information. 


SUITABLE    PLANTS    FOR   THE 
ROCK    GARDEN 

Turning  from  the  rock  gardens,  as  a  whole, 
to  their  inhabitants,  and  the  varied  collections 
of  plants  throughout  the  Show  suitable  for 
planting  them,  the  resultant  effect  was  astonishing 
and  bewildering.  A  list  of  all  the  things  that 
"  ought  to  be  in  every  well  planted  rock  garden  " 
would  be  encyclopedic  and  voluminous.  Going 
back  to  the  days  before  the  epoch  making  1912 
Show,  one  remembers  the  few  square  yards  of 
tabling  that  would  then  be  devoted  to  alpines, 
and  thinks  of  the  alpine  world  as  very  young 
then  :  and  yet  this  year  there  was  nothing  start- 
ling or  new,  or  should  I  say  startlingly  new  ? 
Lithospermum  prostratum  album  was  perhaps 
the  outstanding  feature.  Frankly,  although  albino 
forms  are  sometimes  very  desirable,  I  do  not 
think  that  this  one  supplies  any  long-felt  want. 
If  there  is  one  thing  more  than  another  that  is 
valuable  in  Lithospermum  prostratum  it  is  its 
glorious  blue.  It  is  a  blue  that  nothing  else  in 
the  garden  quite  supplies,  not  even  the  Gentian. 
Of  course,  a  white  form  will  be  sought  after  by 
the  collector,  alpine  specialist,  and  the  man  who 
values  variety  above  beauty.  In  commerce  it 
will  linger  among  those  plants  too  interesting  to 
die  out,  but  not  sufficiently  attractive  to  be  in 
demand.  As  a  hybridist's  plant  it  may  serve  to 
produce  many  intermediate  colour  forms,  but 
that  it  can  ever  produce  anything  more  valuable 
or  beautiful  than  the  popular  Heavenly  Blue  is 
impossible.  As  a  quite  distinct  plant  it  was 
entitled  to  the  certificate  of  merit  it  received,  and 
anyone  looking   for   a  new  plant   should   acquire 


it  when  the  opportunity  occurs.  Its  attraction 
will,  however,  be  lost  vrith  its  novelty.  Certainly 
a  more  useful  plant,  but  without  the  merit  of 
such  pronounced  distinctness  from  other  varieties, 
was  the  little  alpine  .\ster  Wargrave  Variety. 
All  the  alpine  Asters  are  useful  in  the  rock  garden, 
and  this  large-flowered,  very  dwarf  variety  of 
bright  mauve  blue  (the  blues  in  the  alpine  Asters 
always  look  as  if  they  would  rather  be  pink)  will 
become  very  popular.  Pipers  were  successful 
in  securing  three  awards  for  distinct  varieties  of 
the  new  Kurume  race  of  hardy  Japanese  Azaleas, 
and  these  are  all  more  suitable  for  the  rock  garden 
than  any  other  position.  Most  Primula  lovers 
will  remember  the  stir  that  was  created  when 
Wallace's  introduced  Primula  Helodoxa,  one  of 
Forrest's  collection,  about  1915  or  1916.  It 
obtained  an  award  of  merit  then.  That  it 
justified  all  the  prophets  said  of  it  is  now  proved 
by  the  magnificent  results  of  cultivation  in  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Lionel  Rothschild,  who  produced 
plants  that  compelled  the  Committee  to  promote 
it  by  giving  it  a  first-class  certificate.  The  mention 
of  this  Primula  brings  to'  mind  the  collection 
shown  by  McWatt,  and  anyone  looking  for 
Primulas  need  only  have  spent  a  few  minutes  here 
to  find  their  desire  satisfied.  P.  Munroi,  conspersa, 
Menziesiana,  nutans,  the  minute  pink  tibetica, 
Rush™,  Littoniana,  rufa  and  others,  most  of 
them  reminiscent  of  the  last  journey  but  one 
Forrest  made  in  China,  were  there,  with  many 
others,  while  a  huge  clump  of  the  yellow  sikkim- 
ensis,  in  far  more  magnificent  form  than  it  has 
appeared  in  London  within  my  memory,  crowned 
the  group.  Close  by  this  group  I  noticed  a  mass 
of  another  Primula  that  struck  no  note  in  my 
memory,  and  upon  enquiry  I  found  there  was 
an  excellent  reason  for  it.  This  was  an  hybrid 
form  akin  to  the  Lissadel  Hybrids,  but  different 
in  many  ways.  Rogers,  the  exhibitor,  says  it 
is  a  pulverulenta  x  Cockburniana  hybrid,  never 
bears  seed,  propagates  easUy  by  division,  and  is 
perfectly  hardy.  It  is  miraculously  floriferous, 
very  graceful,  looks  as  robust  as  a  Cabbage,  but 
there  is  none  of  the  top-heavy  appearance  one 
associates  with  the  pulverulent  as,  an  intermediate 
colour  between  the  two  parents.  There  were 
several  solid  clumps  in  the  exhibit,  each  of  which 
appeared  to  bear  from  twelve  to  twenty-five 
developed  flower  spikes.  It  was  suitably  named 
Flambeau.  There  were  other  Primulas  in  the 
Show.  Bulleyana,  Beesiana,  japonica,  pulveru- 
lenta, among  the  species  for  the  waterside,  with 
hybrids  galore,  none  of  which  was  better  than 
Ailin  Aroon  and  Mrs.  Berkeley. 

Leaving  the  Primulas  it  was  difficult  to  know 
where  to  turn  without  getting  out  of  one's  depth 
in  an  impossible  catalogue  of  good  things  Saxi- 
fragas — well,  there  was  one  outstanding,  Captain 
Symons-Jeune's  hybrid  Tumbling  Waters,  and 
very  popular  it  will  be  when  the  number  in  exist- 
ence is  sufficient  for  distribution.  As  for  the 
others,  their  names  were  legion,  and  to  mention 
any  would  be  to  disparage  many  equally  as  good. 
Lingering  round  the  many  exhibits  of  alpine  and 
rock  plants,  I  tried  to  select  a  collection  that  would 
suit  all  tastes  and  requirements.  I  eliminated 
Primulas,  Sedums,  Saxifragas  and  Semper- 
vivums,  because  these  will  find  tbeir  way  into 
every  garden.  Here  are  some  of  the  selections 
before  I  gave  it  up  in  despair  of  including  half 
that  should  be  there  :    Mazus  rugosus,  Edrianthus 


296 


THE    GARDEN. 


[June  ii,  1921 


serpylUfolia,  Pentstemon  Davidii,  P.  Scouleri, 
Raoulia  australis,  Oxalis  enneaphylla,  0,  adeno- 
phylla,  Viola  Bees'  Apricot,  V  gracilis  and  a 
charming  range  of  hybrid  forms  in  many  colours, 
Dianthus  neglectus,  Incarvillea  brevipes,  Asperula 
suberosa,  Campanula  muralis  and  a  host  of  other 
representatives  of  this  dainty  species,  Cistus 
helianthemum  in  various  colours,  Erigeron  phila- 
delphicum,  Erinus  alpinus  coccinea,  and  then 
on  arriving  at  Prichard's  exhibit  one  could  only 
cease  to  write  and  just  trust  to  memory,  which 
soon  became  indefinite  on  account  of  the  number 
of  good  things  it  was  taxed  with. 

In  the  days  of  the  old  Temple  Shows  mentioned 
above  we  saw  very  few  rock  conifers.  Certainly 
Juniperus  hibernica  stricta  made  its  appearance 
in  small  numbers,  and  a  few  dwarf  Abies.  Pinus 
and  Junipers  occasionally  appeared.  I  thin'-< 
Backhouse  or  Cunningham  Eraser's  were  the 
most  interesting  exhibits  in  those  days.  Now  we 
find  them  everywhere.  Jimiperus  procumbens 
the  mossy-looking  Japanese  form,  J.  prostrata, 
hibernica  compressa,  tamarixifolia,  sinensis  aurca 
compacta.  Cupressus  in  a  dozen  miniature  forms, 
of  which  C.  obtusate  tetragona  is  the  dwarfest, 
mossiest  and  greenest,  unless  it  be  C.  obtusa 
caespitosa,  of  which  Rogers  had  one  sixteen  year 
old  specimen  that  had  managed  to  reach  4ins. 
in  stature  in  that  period.  No  one  should  think 
of  planting  a  rock  garden  without  beginning  by 
finding  places  for  a  number,  according  to  the  size 
of  the  undertaking,  of  the  dwarf  rock  conifers, 
and  there  are  now  easily  obtainable  representatives 
of  all  the  best  species  in  dwarf,  compact  or  prostrate 
forms.  Abies,  Junipers,  Taxus,  Cupressus,  Retino- 
sporas.  Cedrus,  Pinus,  Piceas  and  Thuyas  have  all 
produced  their  miniature  forim  suitable  for  the 
rock  and  alpine  garden. 


GARDEN    ORNAMENTS    AND 
FURNITURE 

By  no  means  the  least  important  of  the  exhibits 
at  Chelsea  Show  were  the  various  garden  ornaments 
displayed.  Pulham's.  with  a  varied  collection, 
contained  much  that  was  good,  and  as  it  is 
impossible  to  particularise  each,  I  must  content 
myself  by  mentioning  two  examples  and  drawing 
such  lessons  as  they  may  teach.  The  one  was 
what  is  known  as  a  "  genuine  antique  "  ;  a  very 
fine  old  Venetian  wellhead  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
Now,  to  my  mind,  the  least  important  part  of 
this  description  is  that  relating  to  its  antiquity, 
especially  when  the  ornament  is  desired  for  garden 
use.  Do  not  misunderstand  me.  "  There  is  in 
the  things  that  time  hath  bent,  a  spirits  feeling." 
Old  wellheads  from  Italy  or  elsewhere  possess  a 
romantic  and  sentimental  interest,  but  they 
should  not  be  introduced  into  a  modern  garden 
scheme  purely  on  this  score.  Such  an  introduction 
involves  more  than  merely  finding  a  place  in  which 
to  display  the  object  in  question.  The  garden 
in  which  it  is  used  must  fit  the  ornament  or  both 
will  suffer.  Whether  it  is  desirable  to  create  a 
garden  round  an  ornament  may  be  open  to 
question.  This  particular  wellhead  was  not  only 
old,  but  beautiful,  which  is  a  far  more  potent 
reason  for  using  it,  and  this  is  the  principle  on 
which  all  garden  ornaments  should  be  selected. 
More  emphatically  still  is  it  a  reason  for  placing 
it  only  in  suitable  surroundings  so  that  neither 
the  ornament  nor  the  garden  may  suffer  by  the 
introduction.  Often  such  examples  are  used 
because  it  is  pleasant  for  some  people  to  be  able 
to  say,  "  This  came  from  Count  So-and-So's 
garden  in  Verona,  and  there  is  a  story."  etc.  The 
result  is  that  because  of  the  incongruity  of  environ- 
ment, the  garden,  the  ornament  and  their  owner 
all  become  absurdities.  But  a  beautiful  pro- 
duction, such  as  this,  be  it  new  or  old,  well  placed 


can  be  a  source  of  perpetual  pleasure,  and  if  it 
does  possess  historic  or  romantic  associations  they 
are  an  added  interest,  but  have  no  garden  value. 

The  other  item,  selected  from  a  miscellaneous 
display  of  seats,  vases,  figures  and  others,  that 
it  is  necessary  to  mention  was  a  modern  figure 
called  "  Cupid  Awakening."  This  was  an  example 
of  quite  a  different  type.  Modelled  by  a  young 
lady,  who  has  developed  her  capacity  out  of  her 
own  natural  ability  and  without  instruction,  it 
betrays  great  promise  of  future  accomplishments. 
There  may  be  crudities  in  the  finish,  but  for 
garden  ornament  these  are  not  important.  Fine 
lines  are  lost  in  garden  surroundings,  and  the 
influence  of  the  garden  is  to  soften  ruggedness 
and  tone  down  harshness  where  such  exist.  In 
this  little  figure  the  garden  has  not  much  softeniug 
and  toning  to  do. 

The  comparison  and  lesson  to  be  drawn  from 
these  two  is  this  :  Antiquity  cannot  of  itself  take 
the  place  of  art  in  the  garden.  The  modern  figure 
has  its  place,  indeed  more  places  in  the  garden 
than  the  more  elaborate  old  wellhead  can  ever 
fill.  The  use  of  ornament  is  too  often  misapplied  in 
the  garden.  It  must  never  be  allowed  to  take 
the  place  of  gardening,  but  used  properly  it  can 
enhance  the  beauty  of  the  finest  conception  of 
garden  art.  As  the  centre  of  a  symmetrical 
design,  a  focal  point  directing  the  eye  along  the 
line  of  truth  in  a  long  vista,  for  the  embellish- 
ment of  the  more  architectural  developments  of 
the  garden  it  is  in  its  place.  A  miscellaneous 
collection  dropped  haphazard  in  every  direction 
will  ruin  the  best  garden  scheme,  and  create  a 
sense  of  that  condition  so  admirably  described  by 
Byron  :  "  Wealth  hath  done  wonders — taste — 
not  much." 

Let  us  remember  also  that  the  very  appre- 
ciation we  of  this  generation  bestow  on  tlie 
beautiful  in  the  art  of  bygone  ages  proves  that 
the  power  and  truth  of  such  art  is  not  dead,  that 
there  is  nothing  the  ancients  have  produced  that 
we  cannot  achieve. 

Another  exhibit,  by  Mr.  Herbert  Jones,  was 
also  much  appreciated.  In  this  case  every 
example  was  franldy  modern,  and  just  as  frankly 
disguised  to  look  old.  I  have  wondered  some- 
times, while  watching  the  slow  and  tedious  process 
of  manufacture  in  his  quarries,  in  which  every 
ornament  is  hand  made  from  the  solid  block  of 
stone,  whether  he  is  justified  in  discolouring  to 
the  extent  he  does.  The  conclusion  is  the  obvious 
one :  it  entirely  depends  on  the  situation  in 
which  the  ornament  is  to  be  used.  Much  of  the 
work  is  good  ;  some  original,  some  clever  copies. 
If  it  is  to  be  used  in  association  with  an  old  house 
in  an  old  garden,  or  anywhere  in  conjunction  with 
those  "  things  that  time  hath  bent,"  then  it 
should  be  so  treated  as  not  to  give  a  feeling  of 
new  cloth  in  an  old  garment,  and  "faking" — 
objectionable  term — is  justified.  In  new  surround- 
ings the  tone  of  age  is  just  as  much  out  of  place 
There  is  nothing  morally  wrong  in  making  a 
new  stone  look  old  if  the  intent  is  not  to  deceive, 
and  in  this  case  the  vendor  is  much  too  proud  of 
his  work  to  pretend  that  it  belongs  to  any  period 
but  his  own.  Seats,  vases,  sundials,  wellheads, 
and  every  other  form  of  garden  decoration  were 
to  be  found  among  this  collection  all  in  stone. 

What  is  the  most  suitable  material  for  garden 
ornaments  in  England  ?  To  my  mind  there  are 
two  that  run  each  other  very  closely — stone  and 
lead ;  both  home  products,  both  durable,  both 
capable  of  withstanding  our  climatic  conditions 
without  deterioration.  The  finest  collection  of 
lead  ornaments  was  that  exhibited  by  Crowther's. 
with  one  exception,  a  beautiful  lead  cistern  in 
the  formal  garden  by  Carter's,  adapted  as  a 
fountain  basin.  This  cistern  was  ideally  placed, 
in  itself  a  very  fine  piece  of  work,   but  1   think 


was  not  improved  by  the  four  docile-looking 
lions — or  were  they  dogs  ? — supporting  it.  To 
a  mind  perhaps  ultra  critical  in  these  matters 
it  seemed  to  me  that  these  lions  were  the  super- 
fluity that  marred  the  beauty.  Crowded  ornament 
is  liable  to  become  grotesque,  and  in  the  garden, 
where  art  and  Nature  meet  so  intimately,  the 
grotesque  is  often  akin  to  the  ridiculous. 

One  word  as  to  garden  seats.  I  love  a  well 
designed  stone  seat  for  the  picture  it  makes  and 
would  not  say  a  word  to  depreciate  its  value, 
but  comfort,  especially  in  a  damp  climate,  is 
desirable  also.  For  real  utility  there  is  nothing 
to  equal  a  solid  oak  or  teak  seat,  and  so  far  Castle's 
have  led  the  way  in  turning  out  this  garden 
necessity.  There  was  nothing  particularly  new 
in  their  exhibit,  but  the  examples  shown  were  all 
useful,  neat  and  unobtrusive.  This  latter  quality 
is  an  advantage  over  the  white  enamelled  article 
in  some  cases.  Glaring  white  disturbs  the  serenity 
of  some  garden  scenes.  There  are,  however, 
places  in  the  garden  where  a  white  seat  can  be 
made  to  serve  two  purposes  :  to  bring  into  focus 
a  distant  vista,  and  to  form  a  point  of  rest  com- 
manding a  view  of  the  reverse  of  that  vista. 
Castle's  also  showed  useful  tables  for  garden  use, 
A  shadow  checkered  lawn,  a  comfortable  and 
durable  chair,  a  table  spread  with  a  light  repast, 
perhaps  the  fruit  of  the  garden  itself,  speaks 
of  rest  and  refreshment  to  the  tired  man  after 
the  day's  strife  in  the  City,  and  should  form 
an  adjunct  to  that  "  evening  garden "  so 
eloquently  described  by  "  P,  H,"  in  The  Garden 
of  May  28, 


THE    FLOWERING    OF 
IRIS    SARI 

A    TTEMPTS       to       cultivate       Oncocyclus 
/\       Irises  have  so  seldom  met  with  success 
/   %     in   this  country  that  it  seems,  perhaps, 
/       %    worth  while  to  record  a  case  in  which 
A,  ^  a  plant  of  Iris  Sari  has  been  in  culti- 

vation for  ten  years  and  borne  flowers  in  the 
present  season  The  plant  came  to  me  originally 
from  Asia  Minor  in  1911  and  flowered  in  my 
garden  at  Godalming  in  the  following  year.  It 
was  treated  in  the  same  way  as  I  treated  the 
fairly  large  number  of  Regelia  Irises  and  the  few 
Oncocyclus  species  that  I  cultivated;  that  is 
to  say,  that  I  planted  the  rhizomes  early  in 
October  and  dug  them  up  and  dried  them  off 
soon  after  the  flowers  had  withered.  In  those 
days  I  was  always  in  a  hurry  to  dig  up  the  rhizomes 
from  fear  lest  the  root- thongs  should  have  begun 
to  branch  and  throw  out  their  lateral  rootlets. 
So  anxious  was  I  to  avoid  this  that  I  used  to  dig 
up  my  plants  quite  early  in  June,  and  I  failed, 
at  first,  to  realise  that  this  was  the  reason  why 
the  rhizomes  did  not  remain  plump  and  firm  until 
October,  while  the  roots  dried  up  and  withered 
away. 

However,  I  began  at  length  to  see  the  error  of 
my  ways  and  persevered  with  the  plants,  though 
more  than  once  I  was  tempted  to  throw  them  all 
away  because  the  reward  in  flowers  was  so  poor. 
I  saw  that  if  the  rhizomes  and  roots  were  to  remain 
sound  and  plump  when  kept  out  of  the  ground 
untU  October,  they  must  be  thoroughly  matured 
before  they  were  lifted.  I  therefore  postponed 
and  postponed  this  operation  in  each  succeeding 
year  until  I  finally  put  it  off  till  the  middle  or 
latter  end  of  July.  The  results  were  excellent, 
for  the  plants  dug  up  at  this  period  could  be  left 
Iving  on  the  ground  in  the  open  as  they  were  dug 
for  a  few  days  or  a  week.  They  remained  quite 
sound,    and,   when   the  leaves   had  withered   and 


June  ii,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


297 


been  trimmed  away,  the  rhizomes  could  be  stored 
in  a  dry,  well  ventilated  place  until  October. 
Then  they  were  replanted  in  rich,  well  drained 
soil,  not  deficient  in  lime,  and  the.  crop  of  flowers 
was  abundant  in  the  following  year. 

Under  this  treatment  Regelia  Irises  have 
flourished  exceedingly,  while  rhizomes  of  I.  Sari, 
which  had  grown  weaker  and  weaker,  have  regained 
their  strength  until  they  are  once  more  of  flowering 
size.  The  flowers  of  this  species  are  remarkable 
even  for  an  Oncocyclus  species,  and  the  accom- 
panjing  sketch  gives  a  good  idea  of  their  general 
appearance ;  while  the  colour  scheme  is  a  com- 
bination of  browns  and  yellows  which  once  won 
for  the  plant  the  name  of  lupina.  the  wolf. 

The  standards  are  heavily  and  closely  veined 
with  darl<  chestnut  brown  veins  on  a  grey-white 
ground.  In  the  lower  part  the  ground  colour  is 
clearly  visible,  but  towards  the  top  the  veins 
spread  and  become  confluent  so  as  to  cover  the 
whole  surface.     On  the  inner  side  there  is  a  beard 


t^ 


§H 


%|f 


IRIS    SARI. 
The  First  Bloom  for  Ten    Years. 

of  long  hairs,  which  are  greenish  yellow  at  the  base 
of  the  haft  and  duU  lavender  further  up. 

The  falls  are  veined  with  spreading,  blotchy 
veins  of  a  paler  shade  of  red  brown  on  a  pale 
greenish  yellow  ground,  and  the  veining  becomes 
thicker  and  more  prominent  as  it  approaches  the 
edges.  There  is  a  conspicuous  signal  blotch  of 
deep  brownish  red  of  roughly  semi-circular  shape 
with  several  blunt,  projecting  points.  The  beard 
is  greenish  yellow,  flanked  on  either  side  by 
numerous  dingy  lavender  or  purplish  hairs,  so 
that  it  appears  to  be  very  broad  and  spreading. 

The  veining  on  the  style-branches  is  very 
similar  to  that  of  the  falls,  and  the  long  green 
spathes  have  the  disappointing  habit  of  all  the 
Oncocyclus  Irises.of  producing  only  a  single  flower. 

The  stem  is  a  few  inches  only  in  length,  and 
the  foliage  is  of  the  narrow  falciform  type,  which 
is  so  characteristic  of  the  group. 

I.  Sari  was  discovered  by  Kotschy  in  Cilicia 
in  1854  and  was  named  after  the  river  Sar,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  which  it  was  found.     Collected 


specimens  show  that  it  varies  a  good  deal  in 
colour,  but  the  shape  and  veining  remain  typical. 
Jly  experience  with  the  cultivation  of  this 
and  other  kindred  Irises  will  certainly  encourage 
me  to  persevere  once  more  with  Oncocyclus 
species,  to  give  up  any  attempt  to  leave  the 
rhizomes  undisturbed  and  to  pin  my  faith  to  the 
taking-up  method.  Even  if  we  cover  the  plants 
overhead  in  summer  and  try  in  this  way  to  keep 


them  dry  and  prevent  them  from  making  new 
growth,  it  is  impossible  to  keep  the  soil  absolutely 
dry  a  foot  or  iSins.  down,  and  moisture  there  is 
quite  enough  to  enable  the  rhizomes  to  start  into 
fresh  growth  early  in  the  autumn.  It  is  this 
precocious  growth  which  suffers  so  disastrously  in 
winter,  with  the  result  that  the  plants  are  irre- 
trievably weakened  and  rendered  flowerless,  even 
if  they  are  not  actually  killed.     W.   R.  Dykes. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


THE    OAK    AND    THE    ASH. 

TN  reply  to  my  friend  Mr.  Heatley  Noble's 
question,  I  think  I  do  rtt^all  one  year  in  whicli, 
had  I  been  judge  in  the  annual  race  between  the 
Oak  and  the  Ash,  I  could  have  given  a  con- 
scientio-15  verdict  of  "  dead  heat,"  but  I  fail  to 
recollect  the  particular  year,  or  whether  the 
summer  whicli  followed  was  wet  or  dry.  Few 
of  our  poets  are  as  scrupulously  accurate  in  regard 
to  Nature  as  Tennyson,  and  Mr.  Noble  will 
remember  the  Swallow  Song  : 
"  Why  lingereth  she  to  clothe  her  heart  witli  love. 

Delaying  as  the  tender  ash  delays 

To  clothe  herself  wlien  all  the  woods  are  green  ?  " 
— John  Edwards-Moss,   Henley-on-Thames. 

WHAT    IS    A    BORDER    CARN.\TION? 

'\S7'ITH  Mr.  Douglas  (page  283)  we,  too,  admire 
the  Border  Carnation  as  a  most  perfect 
flower  for  the  exhibition  table  when  grown  under 
glass,  but  few  people  expect  to  devote  green- 
houses to  them  ;  as  its  name  denotes,  it  should  be 
a  hardy  outdoor  plant.  The  original  letter  of 
"  London  Carnation  Amateur  "  (page  1S6)  endorses 
this  ;  also  their  all  too  brief  summer-flowering  period 
places  them  at  great  disadvantage  in  comparison 
with  other  sections  of  the  Carnation.  It  is  a 
fine  thing  "  to  hand  down  the  type  to  posterity 
as  pure  as  received  from  their  fathers,"  but  we 
consider  it  a  still  finer  thing  to  improve  upon  it. 
We  contend  that  tliere  should  be  Carnations 
of  every  type  and  description  like  we  have  in  the 
Rose  and  Orchid  ;  we  would  have  climbing 
Carnations  and  little  dwarf  ones,  Malmaison  and 
single  flowers,  fringed  and  smooth  edged  petals  ; 
in  fact,  we  have  not  yet  commenced  to  develop 
the  divine  flower.  In  face  of  all  this,  what  is 
the  National  or  any  other  Carnation  Society 
doing  ?  As  for  the  National  and  all  the  other 
various  Carnation  Societies,  they  are  too  con- 
servative and  live  on  the  past,  not  for  the  future  ; 
their  membership  and  balance  sheets  prove  it. 
If  they  were  progressive  they  would  all  pull 
together  and  form  one  strong  society,  and  hold 
shows  like  those  of  the  National  Rose  Society, 
where  thousands  attend  and  where  progress  is 
made  botli  in  the  flower  and  its  popularity.  It 
is  Mr.  Douglas'  contention  that  the  life  and  soul 
of  special  societies  is  to  keep  tlieir  breed  pure, 
but  history  proves  that  when  this  is  closely 
followed  out,  deterioration  takes  place  rapidly, 
even  to  the  point  of  non-existence.  We  should 
be  most  sorry  to  see  the  Border  Carnation  do 
this ;  yet  to-day  it  is  not  so  popular  as  it  was  a 
generation  ago.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  Mr. 
Douglas  to  know  large  as  our  sales  of  Border 
Carnations  are,  they  are  already  exceeded  by  tlie 
new  Perpetual  Border  by  at  least  twenty  to  one, 
and  the  public  alone  are  the  judges  of  tlieir  hardi- 
ness, perpetual-flowering  qualities  out  of  doors 
from  May  to  November,  and  their  all  round 
superiority  over  the  old  Border  tj-pe.  Undoubt- 
edly when  the  trials  of  hardy  Carnations  are 
arranged  at  Wisley,  we  shall  have  the  pleasure  of 


seeing  Mr.  Douglas'  Carnations  included.  The 
proof  of  the  pudding  is  in  the  eating,  and  the  test 
of  a  good  garden  Carnation  is  judged  by  results 
in  the  garden  and  what  you  can  obtain  from  it. — 
Montagu  C.  Allwood  (of  Messrs.  .A,llwood 
Brothers),  Haywards  Heath. 

AN  IDEAL  BULBOUS  PL.ANT   FOR    THE 
COOL    GREENHOUSE. 

T  KNOW  nothing  personally  of  how  Brodiaja 
ixioides  fares  when  grown  outside  in  a  border  or 
in  the  rock  garden,  but  if  it  is  grown  in  a  very  cool 
greenhouse  it  makes  a  delightful  subject  for  cutting 
for  vases.  It  is  not  every  flower  that  would  last 
two  weeks  in  water  in  the  May  that  we  have  just 
had,  yet  this  is  the  record  of  Brodiaaa  ixioides 
in  my  house.  The  buff  yellow  starlike  flowers 
are  borne  on  umbels  set  on  stems  from  i2ins.  to 
i8ins.  long.  Each  petal  has  a  stripe  of  green 
down  its  centre,  which  has  a  very  pleasing  effect. 
The  first  generic  name  to  be  given  this  bulb  was 
Calliprora,  from  which  it  gets  its  English  name 
of  "  Pretty  Face."  To  anyone  who  is  looking 
out  for  something  for  cutting  which  is  a  little 
out  of  the  ordinary  run  of  such  things  I  can 
recommend  a  trial  of  this  easily  grown  bulb. 
Unfortunately,  few  British  dealers  have  it  in 
their  lists,  but  doubtless,  if  asked  for,  it  could  be 
procured.  It  is  well  worth  taking  some  pains 
to  get  it. — Joseph  Jacob. 

THE  PROB.ABLE  ORIGIN  OF  THE  PINK 
ARTHUR   BROW'N. 

JN  your  admirable  report  of  the  great  Chelsea 
Flower  Show  in  your  issue  of  May  28,  when 
referring  to  Mr.  C.  H.  Herbert's  fine  new  Pinks 
exhibited,  the  report  states  that  Progress,  from 
which  all  the  varieties  exhibited  are  descended, 
was  raised  "  by  crossing  two  old  and  now  unknown 
Pinks,  Robert  Houlgrave  and  -Ajrthur  Brown." 
The  statement  is  correct  as  to  the  facts,  which 
have  been  related  to  me  by  my  old  friend  Mr 
Herbert  on  several  occasions,  but  is  incorrect  re 
my  Pink  namesake,  .Arthur  Brown,  being  now 
unknown,  as  it  is  at  present  coming  into  bloom  in 
our  nurseries,  was  catalogued  in  our  Pink  list  for 
1920—21,  and  is  also  in  the  present  catalogue  of 
Mr.  James  Douglas.  The  history  of  this  variety 
may  be  interesting  to  the  readers  of  The  Garden 
as  one  of  the  ancestors  of  this  fine  race  of  new 
Pinks.  In  December,  1892,  Mr.  G,  Chaundy,  of 
Oxford,  well  known  to  Carnation  growers  in  those 
days  as  one  of  the  assistants  of  the  late  Mr,  E.  S, 
Dodwell,  and  in  after  years  as  the  raiser  of  some 
of  the  best  of  the  old  florists'  Carnations  and 
Picotees,  w-rote  me  that  he  had  raised  a  promising 
new  Pink  and  would  send  me  some  pipings  if  I 
cared  to  try  it,  I  asked  him  to  do  so,  and  the 
pipings  arrived,  but,  though  well  rooted,  they 
were  so  thin  and  weak  that  I  thought  they  would 
do  no  good.  There  was  snow  on  the  ground  at 
the  time,  and  I  simply  scraped  a  hole  m  the  snow, 
planted  them  in  the  bed,  and  drew  the  snow  over 
them  again.  However,  the  little  plants  lived, 
and  though  they  were  too  weak  to  bloom  tlie 
following   season,    the   next   one   saw   them   very 


298 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  ii,  1921. 


strong,  and  the  first  bloom  out' told  me  that  we 
had'  got^an  acquisition.  I  wrote  to  Chaundy  to 
tell  him  that  I  thought  his  seedling  was  a  "  clipper." 
also  teUing  him'that  I  intended  to  show  it  at  the 
two  National  Pink  Shows  at  Wolverhampton  and 
Manchester  the  following  week,  but  I  required 
a  name  for  it.  He  replied  at  once :  "  If  you 
think  it  good  enough  to  be  named  Arthur  Brown, 
do  so ;  if  it  is  not,  call  it  wliat  you  like."  The 
Pink  was  named  after  me.  was  awarded  first  and 
second  prizes  in  the  Purple  Lace  Class  at  the 
Midland  Section  of  the  National  Pink  Society 
at  Wolverhampton,  and  at  the  Northern  Show 
at  Manchester  on  the  Saturday  again  received  a 
first-class  certificate  and  the  premier  prize  for  the 
best  Pink  in  tlie  Show ;  the  premier  at  Wolver- 
hampton having  been  won  by  the  other  progenitor 
of  Progress,  Robert  Houlgrave,  a  variety,  I  believe, 
now  extinct.  In  writing  these  few  notes,  recalled 
by  your  report,  the  following  idea  has  occurred  to 
me  :  To  my  knowledge  George  Chaundy  was  not 
a  grower  of  Pinks,  but  his  employer,  Mr.  Dodwell. 
grew  a  few  from  which  he  raised  some  seedlings  ; 
oitf  of  which.  Purity,  received  a  first-class  certi- 
ficate when  e.Khibited  by  me  at  the  National 
Pink  Show  of  1895.  The  seed,  I  believe,  was 
given  to  Chaundy  by  Mr.  Dodwell,  from  which 
Arthur  Brown  was  raised.  It  seems  to  me  to  be 
a  feasible  idea  that  with  the  tliousauds  of  Border 
Carnations  grown  in  the  gardens  of  E.  S.  Dodwell 
and  George  Chaundy  that  the  Pinlc  from  which 
Arthur  Brown  was  produced  had  been  accidentally 
crossed  witli  a  Border  Carnation,  thus  accounting 
for  the  habit  and  break  in  colours  of  Progress 
and  its  descendants.  The  high  quality  of  Mr. 
Herbert's  Pinks  being  also  credited  to  the  Border 
Carnation  blood,  while  the  Perpetual  Carnation 
cross  in  Allwoodii  proves  my  theory  even  more, 
as  their  free  blooming  habit,  but  less  smooth 
blooms,  show  about  the  same  difference  as  there 
is  in  the  quality  of  the  Border  Carnation  and  the 
freer  blooming  of  the  Perpetual  Carnation.  Stating 
this  theory  to  a  friend,  he  suggested  that  the 
Carnation  blood  in  Arthur  Brown  perhaps  came 
through  my  nickname,  Carnation  Brown.  At  any 
rate,  the  fact  remains  that  Mr.  Herbert  has  intro- 
duced into  the  Pink  the  diversified  colours  which 
have  always  hitherto  been  lacking  in  "  the  pink, 
of  smell  divinest,"  and  through  his  efforts — allied 
vdth  those  of  Messrs.  Allwood,  Ladhams  and 
Douglas,  all  bent  on  improving  the  flower,  though 
individually  working  on  different  lines — we  may 
hope  to  see  during  the  next  decade  as  great  an 
improvement  in  the  Pink  as  there  has  been  in  the 
Carnation. — Arthur  R.  Brown,  IVychall  Nurseries, 
Norton. 

THE  BERGAMOT  MINT. 
T  WISH  I  could  emulate  the  hawker  who  is 
lucky  enough  to  find  Mentha  citrata  upon 
"  the  banks  of  streams  and  riverside "  in  the 
Thames  Valley  (The  Garde.n',  May  7,  page  223). 
It  is  surely  a  scarce  plant  in  that  district  ?  Of 
the  counties  bordering  the  Thames  I  find  no 
mention  of  M.  citrata  in  the  most  recent  "  Floras  " 
of  Essex,  Kent,  Surrey,  Middlesex,  Berks,  Oxford 
and  Wilts.  For  Bucks  we  await  Dr.  Druce's 
promised  volume.  The  delightful  scent  of  this 
Mint  should  secure  for  it  a  place  in  every  garden ; 
h6re  it  thrives  and  flowers  in  dry  as  well  as  moist 
places.- — C.  E.  Salmon. 

A    LATE-FLOWERING    THYME. 

nPHYMUS  COMOSUS  is  one  of  the  best  of  its 
race.  The  flowers,  which  appear  in  ths 
later  summer  when  most  of  the  other  kinds  are 
past  blooming,  are  considerably  larger  than  those 
of  most  of  its  relatives  smd  of  a  bright  rosy  purple. 
This  Thyme  is  quite  hardy  here  in  light  soil ;  it 
strikes  readily  from  cuttings  and  grows  rapidly. — 
A.   T.    J.,   North   WaUs. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Shrubs,  such  as  Laburnum,  LUac  and  Weigela, 
should,  as  they  complete  their  flowering  growth, 
be  cut  over  and  given  such  prvining  as  may  be 
necessary,  so  that  new  growth  may  get  every 
possible  chance. 

Plants  in  Tubs. — These  have  been  placed  in 
their  summer  positions,  and  such  subjects  as  Ivy 
and  Scented  Pelargoniums,  which  are  trained  on 
wires  or  other  supports,  should  be  encouraged 
to  quickly  cover  the  same  by  careful  attention 
to  watering  and  feeding.  Agapanthus  and  Hydran- 
geas which  have  been  some  years  in  the  same  tubs, 
especially,   need  extra  feeding  and  watering. 

Seed-Sowing.— Seeds  of  various  Campanulas, 
pyramidalis,  lactiflora,  persiciflora,  should  be 
sown  now  in  pans  or  boxes  of  light  soil  in  cool 
quarters  ;  also  sow  seeds  of  perennial  Lupines, 
Delphiniums  and  of  the  Tree  Lupine,  L.  arboreus, 
white  and  yellow ;  the  latter  being  such  a  quick 
grower  is  very  useful  for  an  early  effect  in  large 
beds  or  borders ;  where  it  is  possible  to  plant 
Cheiranthus  Allionii  with  it,  the  result  is  very  good. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

late  Peas  are  sometimes  almost  as  greatly 
appreciated  as  early  ones  and  should  be  given 
every  possible  chance.  See,  as  for  the  earlier  crops, 
that  the  ground  has  been  thoroughly  well  prepared, 
and  it  is  an  advantage  to  grow  the  late  ones  on  a 
plot  away  from  the  others  so  that  should  mildew 
develop  precautions  may  be  taken  to  deal  with  it 
more  easily  than  would  be  the  case  were  they 
growing  side  by  side  with  the  mid-season  ones. 
Earlier  sown  ones  on  light  soils  should  be  mulched 
to  conserve  moisture.  Failing  manure,  lawn 
mowings,  either  alone  or  mixed  vrith  leaves,  wiU 
answer  quite  well. 

General  Work. — Leeks  sown  early  are  now 
ready  for  planting  out  in  rows  I4ins.  to  iSins. 
apart  with  gins,  to  lains.  between  the  plants. 
Assist  autumn-sown  Onions  with  a  dusting  of  soot 
or  sulphate  of  ammonia,  afterwards  using  the  hoe. 
Make  a  final  sowing  of  Runner  and  climbing  French 
Beans.  Sow  Rosette  Coleworts,  Cabbage  and 
plant  out  early  Brassicas  as  room  can  be  found. 

Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Cherries  growing  on  walls  should,  previous  to 
netting,  have  those  shoots  which  are  required 
as  leaders  or  for  extension,  made  secure,  and  other 
growths  may  be  pinched.  A  good  wash  down 
with  clear  water  should  be  given  before  the  fruits 
are  too  far  advanced,  and  see  that  the  roots  are 
sufficiently  moist  and  apply  a  mulch  if  necessary. 

Apples  and  Pears. — \S  here  heavy  crops  of  fruit 
have  set,  thinning  must  be  attended  to,  especially 
on  cordons  or  on  trees  at  aU  weakly.  There  is 
no  doubt  that  where  time  and  labour  are  available 
the  practice  of  thinning  ought  to  be  more  widely 
adopted  even  upon  strong  and  well  established 
trees.  It  cannot  possibly  be  beneficial  to  the  trees 
when  they  are  left  with  each  bough  hanging  with 
clusters  of  fruit,  for  a  larger  portion  must  inevitably 
lack  their  proper  share  of  nourishment  and  sunlight, 
and  only  too  frequently  the  result  may  be  seen 
when  such  produce  is  offered  for  sale  to  the  public. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Cyclamen.— In  potting  on  young  plants  avoid 
burying  the  crown  too  deeply.  A  cold  frame  with 
an  ash  base  suits  Cyclamen  plants  well  during  the 
summer  months,  and  they  should  be  frequently 
sprayed  and  shaded  from  bright  sunshine.  A 
suitable  final  compost  is  two  parts  good  fibrous 
loam  with  one  part  leaf-soil  and  one  part  dried 
cowdung  broken  up  finely.  Add  some  sharp 
sand,  a  small  portion  of  wood-ash  and  a  5in.  potful 
of  bone-meal  to  each  barrowload  of  soil. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Figs  ripening  should  be  kept  in  a  somewhat 
drier  atmosphere,  but  it  is  not  so  essential  to  entirely 
cease  syringing  as  it  is  for  Peaches.  Fig  trees  are 
often  subject  to  attacks  of  red  spider,  and  rather 
than  let  this  pest  get  a  sure  footing,  it  is  miich 
better,  after  removing  the  ripe  fruits,  to  give 
the  trees  an  occasional  thorough  syringing  even  at 
the  risk  of  spoUtng  a  few  ripening  fruits.  The 
roots  of  the  trees,  unless  growing  in  very  restricted 
quarters,  can  safely  be  kept  a  little  on  the  dry  side 
until  the  major  portion  of  the  choicest  fruits  are 
removed.  H.  Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 

Albury  Park  Gardens,  Gmldjord. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

General  Work. — With  the  leafy  month  of 
June  comes  innumerable  jobs  pressing  on  the  time 
of  the  gardener.  Particularly  is  the  planting  out 
an  anxious  but  interesting  time.  See  that  all 
bare  places  are  made  the  most  of  by  planting  with 
useful  subjects,  while  much  time  must  be  given 
to  the  hoeing  and  cleaning  of  walks  and  other 
places.  Staking  of  Peas  should  always  be  attended 
to  before  they  incline  to  fall  over,  and  where  Beans 
are  of  a  good  height  strings  should  be  nm  down 
each  side  of  the  rows  and  so  support  in  this  way. 
Necessary  thinning  of  Parsnips,  Beet  and  Salsify 
should  also  receive  attention. 

Spinach. — Regidar  so%vings  of  the  Victoria 
variety  should  be  made,  a  suitable  site  being 
between  rows  of  late  Peas.  This  type  is  superior 
to  the  ordinary  round  sort. 

Peas.— No  time  should  be  lost  in  making  the 
final  sowing  of  late  varieties,  as  we  find  it  almost 
useless  to  sow  those  sorts  in  our  district  after  this 
date.  Rather  revert  to  earlier  varieties,  such  as 
Gradus  or  The  Pilot,  should  a  later  sowing  be  made. 

Savoys. — Plant  out  now  on  a  piece  of  well 
enriched  ground,  as  this  Brassica  enjoys  and 
deserves  good  cultivation,  coming  in  as  it  does 
during  the  winter  months  when  most  of  the 
Cabbage  family  are  finished.  The  large-growing 
sorts,  such  as  Ormskirk,  should  be  allowed  quite 
2ft.  between  the  rows,  but  i8ins.  is  ample  for  the 
dwarf  varieties. 

Asparagus  Kale  should  also  be  got  out  now, 
and  proves  a  favotirite  vegetable  during  the 
spring  months. 

Potatoes. — Continue  the  cultivation  of  th^ 
ground  between  the  rows,  earthing  up  as  become^ 
necessary.  Where  the  soil  is  of  a  loose  nature 
the  small  hand  plough  or  driller  is  most  con- 
venient, making  a  tidy  job  and  saving  much  time 
and  labour. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Cinerarias. — A  sowing  of  these  may  be  made  in 
cool  quarters,  frame  culture  being  quite  suitable, 
and  in  this  way  fine  firm  foliaged  plants  may  be 
raised.  Protect  from  cold  or  exceedingly  wet 
weather.  Cactus  -  flowering  sorts  have  become 
popular,  but  for  large  showy  plants  the  stellata 
type  are  best.  Exercise  care  in  transplanting 
the  seedlings,  avoiding  overcrowding  in  the  boxes. 
Pot  on  into  4in.  pots  immediately  the  plants 
attain  a  suitable  size. 

Chrysanthemums. — Complete  the  final  potting 
of  these  as  soon  as  possible,  using  a  mixture  of 
good  rough  fibrous  loam  with  a  percentage  of  leaf- 
mould  and  wood- ash,  adding  a  light  sprinlding 
of  Thomson's  Plant  Manure  before  turning  the 
heap  over.  Pot  firmly  and  so  encourage  stocky 
growth.  Spray  overhead  for  a  few  evenings 
should  the  weather  be  hot  and  dry. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  which  were  struck  early 
with  a  view  to  autumn  or  winter  flowering  should 
now  be  moved  into  their  flowering  pots  and  placed 
in  a  cool  frame.  After  they  commence  growing 
freely  pinch  judiciously  and  so  ensure  nice  bushy 
specimens,  the  bright  flower  trusses  of  the  Zonals 
proving  a  welcome  addition  to  the  conservatory 
during  November 

'    Tuberous   Begonias  and  Fuchsias  will  now 

be  taking  the  place  of  the  spring-flowering  plants, 
so  should  receive  some  liquid  manure  to  strengthen 
and  prolong  the  flowering  period.  Stake  out  free- 
flowering  Begonias  and  let  each  shoot  enjoy  the 
light  and  air  so  that  the  plants  give  of  their  best. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Roses. — -Growth  will  now  be  rapid  in  the  Rose 
garden,  and  attacks  of  aphis  may  be  averted 
by  timely  spraying  with  Quassia.  Keep  a  sharp 
look-out '  for  maggot,  looking  over  the  bushes 
frequently,  otherwise  many  of  the  flower-buds 
may  be  destroyed.  Keep  the  soil  in  the  Rose 
beds  well  stirred  with  the  Dutch  hoe,  while  regular 
cutting  of  the  grass  and  edges  ensiures  tidiness. 

Polyanthus  which  were  lifted  from  the  beds 
in  the  flower  garden  should  be  divided  and  planted 
in  a  shady  corner  to  complete  their  growth,  while 
those  raised  from  seed  sown  earlier  in  the  season 
will  also  be  transferred  to  the  nursery  border.  An 
occasional  watering  with  liquid  manure  or  soot 
water  during  the  season  adds  considerably  to  the 
strength  of  the  plants. 

James  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


June  ii,  1921.] 

A    NOVEL    WAY    OF 
GROWING  ASPARAGUS 

Heavy  soil  no  longer  a   bugbear — Tivo 

birds  killed  with  one  stone — Soft  garden 

refuse  found  to  be  a  friend  in  disguise 

THERE  are  some  gardens  which  have 
a  stiff,  unkindly  and  rather  damp  soil 
which  it  is  difficult  to  drain  and  keep 
dry  in  winter  and  where  Asparagus  is 
impossible  to  be  grown  with  success.  A 
good  tale,  which  is  also  a  true  tale,  told  me  by 
one  of  the  actors  in  it,  illustrates  this.  A  head 
gardener  who  was  giving  up  his  job  on  account 
of  old  age  was  showing  his  successor  round  and 
among  other  things  mentioned  that  the  soil  of 
the  garden  was  very  damp,  stiff  and  unkind  and 
he  never  could  grow  decent  Asparagus.  "  What ! ' ' 
said  the  new  man,  "  can't  manage  Asparagus 
I'll  eat  my  shirt  if  I  don't."  "  Take  care,  friend," 
said  the  old  man,  "  if  you  don't  have  to  eat  the 
buttons  as  well."  The  old  man  has  several  times 
visited  his  old  charge  and  when  I  last  saw  hira 
told  me  he  believed  his  successor  was  still  living 
on  shirts  and  buttons,  for  the  boasted  Asparagus 
was  non  est. 

The  routine  I  am  about  to  describe  makes  it 
possible  to  grow  decent  stuff  anywhere.  I  have 
seen  it  in  operation  and  although  I  am  neither 
a  vegetable  grower  nor  a  chef,  I  know  what  is  good 
when  I  come  across  it  and  I  can  say  or  rather  I 
would  like  to  say  what  a  famous  beauty  said  of  a 
certain  soap.  "  I  never  use  any  other."  The 
man  who  invented  this  scheme  of  successful 
Asparagus  growing  is  Mr.  Joseph  Mallender  of 
Scrooby — the  home  of  one  of  the  most  famous  of  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers,  William  Brewster.  He  is  a  grand 
old  man,  just  the  sort  of  person  who  might  have 
joined  William  Brewster  bad  he  been  living  then ; 
keen  and  observant,  and  despite  his  three  score 
years  and  sixteen,  ever  ready  to  learn.  He  picked 
up  what  I  may  call  the  Mallender  system  some  years 
since  by  keeping  his  eyes  open.  I  forget  what 
exactly  gave  him  the  tip,  but  something  did,  and 
forthwith  he  put  his  plan  into  practice.  The 
essential  is  a  bit  of  ground  which  as  time  goes  on 
will  allow  a  long  straight  bed  to  be  formed.  A 
start  is  made  by  digging  a  pit  4ft.  wide  and  from 
2ft.  6ins.  to  jft.  deep.  It  can  be  made  any  length 
to  suit  the  amount  of  soft  garden  refuse  that  the 
garden  produces.  Nine  feet  long  is  a  useful  length. 
The  soil  that  is  dug  out  of  this  first  excavation  is 
scattered  over  the  garden  anywhere,  and  then  the 
pit  is  ready  to  receive  all  the  weeds,  all  the  tops 
of  herbaceous  plants,  all  old  Cabbage  stalks  and 
Turnip  tops,  everything;  in  fact,  hard  wooded  waste, 
such  as  the  prunings  of  fruit  trees.  Gradually  the 
rubbish  fills  up  the  hole  to  the  ground  level  or 
2ins.  or  3ins.  above  it.  As  soon  as  this  happens, 
.another  pit  of  the  same  width,  depth  and  length 
is  made  to  join  on  to  the  end  of  the  original  one. 
The  best  soil  from  this  is  placed  on  the  refuse  to 
■the^depth  of  iSins.,  and  the  rest  scattered  about. 
So  the  process  goes  on  from  year  to  year,  new  pits 
■  'being  tacked  on  to  one  another  as  often  as  the 
amount  of  refuse  requires  them.  No  manure  is 
•wanted.  A  light  dressing  of  salt  in  the  early 
spring  is  all  that  is  requisite.  Grand  Asparagus  is 
produced.  Weeds  and  green  refuse  are  no  longer 
a  problem.  The  ever  lengthening  bed  has  an 
insatiable  appetite.  The  awkward  refuse  heap 
does  not  exist.  ■  It  has  been  harnessed,  and 
:the'^result  is  tip  top  Asparagus  in  abundance. 
When  the  plants  are  put  into  the  ground,  an  ample 
space  is  left  between  each.  I  think,  to  be  exact,  it 
'ij|^either  ift.  or  15  ins.  from  one  crown  to  another. 
No  "[grass  "  must  be  cut  until  a  plant  is  three  years 


THE    GARDEN. 

old  and  then  for  the  first  time  only  a  small  pro- 
portion of  what  is  thrown  up.  The  reason  why  this 
is  always  insisted  upon  as  of  prime  importance  is  the 
necessity  for  building  up  good  strong  plants  in  the 
early  years  of  their  growth  so  that  they  will  be 
able  to  stand  the  strain  of  giving  a  good  return 
in  the  future.  Asparagus  is  by  many  considered 
to  be  the  king  of  edible  vegetables.  It  has  been 
grown,  and  even  forced,  for  centuries  in  British 
gardens.  The  owner  of  my  copy  of  Stephen 
Blakes  "  Compleat  Gardener's  Practice,"  1664,  took 
the  trouble  to  copy  on  the  back  of  the  plates  some 
family  directions  dated  1654  and  1653.  His 
"  Brother  Brown  about  Flowers"  ;   his  "  Mother's 


299 

Directions  about  Sparagras";  and  "  C adman's 
Directions"  about  Skirats,  Sparagras,  and  one  or 
two  other  things,  but  mainly  about  Sparagras, 
thereby  I  think  showing  the  estimation  in  which 
the  unknown  brother  and  sou  held  this  vegetable. 
The  large  space  given  up  to  details  or  directions 
about  its  management,  speaks  volumes.  Blake  him- 
self calls  it  Sparrow-grass.  In  the  text  he  is  more 
concerned  with  "  the  way  of  producing  it  early  by 
raising  of  it  upon  hot  beds."  Hence  the  necessity 
of  "  the  owner's"   Grangerising  old  Blake. 

1 1  might  be  equally  worth  a  while  modem  grower 
Grangerising  his  Beckett  or  his  Robinson  with  my 
friend  Mallender' s  directions.        Joseph  Jacob. 


Some    of    the   Newer    Polyantha  Roses 


THIS  delightful  group  has  received  some 
very  excellent  additions  during  recent 
years.  It  is  not  surprising  these 
Polyantha  Roses  are  so  popular,  for 
they  keep  our  borders  gay  for  a  very 
lengthy  period.  Even  in  October  they  sometimes 
make  quite  a  grand  display,  especially  where  they 
have  been  hard  pruned,  for  then  the  basal  growths 
are  encouraged  and  they  continue  to  appear 
until  frosts  come.  One  of  the  finest  of  the 
novelties  is 

I  Koster's  Orleans.— It  is  a  counterpart  of  the 
old  Orleans  in  all  save  colour.  This  is  a  brilliant 
scarlet  red.  I  imagine  it  will  be  largely  planted, 
for  there  is  no  finer  variety  from  a  colour  point 
of  view.  We  had  formerly  to  depend  upon 
Jessie  for  this  colour,  but  it  is  an  unsatisfactory 


Rose ;    so  many  of  the  clusters  simply  will  not 

expand  their  flowers.     Another  good  variety  is 
Miss  Edith  Cavell.— Here,  too,  we  have  a  bright 

scarlet  with  large  white  eye,  and  I  predict  for  this 

variety  also  great  popularity. 

Eblouissante   is   on   somewhat    different   lines. 

It  comes  nearer  to  the  China  or  Monthly  Roses; 

albeit,   the  clusters  are  large  and  compact.     The 

colour  is  very  brilliant  and  effective. 

Etoile     Luisante     has     charming     Cactus-like 

flowers,    when    developed,    of   a    beautiful   cerise, 

shaded  orange  and  flame. 

Verdun  is  a  good  red  with  fine  conical  clusters 

of  flowers. 

Baby    Lyon    is    a   wonderful   colour,    after   the 

style  of  Lyons   Rose ;    but  its  habit  is  so  weak 

and  has  evidently  suffered  by  the  crossing  of 
Pernetianas  and 
Polyanthas.  I  t  i  s 
useless  obtaining 
these  remarkable 
colours  if  we  lose 
the  vigour  or  sturdi- 
ness  of  growth. 

Perle  is  a  gem. 
1 1  is  a  dainty  blush 
white  with  flowers 
quite  large,  double, 
yet  in  compact 
clusters.  Something 
resembling  Baby 
Tausendschon,  only 
paler. 

Mme.  F.  Faire. — 
This  is  a  single 
variety  of  really 
remarkable  appear- 
ance. The  plant  is 
very  strong  and  of 
dense  growth.  The 
colour  is  bright 
scarlet  with  white 
eye.  It  seems  to 
belong  more  to  the 
Chinas,  but  whatever 
class  it  belongs  to,  it 
is  a  real  acquisition, 
and  I  can  recom- 
mend it  for  bedding 
with  such  kinds  as 
Comtesse  du  Cayla. 

We  now  want  a 
good  deep  yellow, 
flowering  in  clusters. 
It  has  been  sug- 
gested to  me  that  one 
might  use  Christine 
to  mix  with  beds  of 


CHRISTINE:    A    GOOD    ROSE   FOR  CONTRASTING  WITH  POLYANTHAS       Polyanthas. 


D. 


300 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June   ii,   1921. 


THE  AMERICAN  ROSE  ANSWERS 

ANNUAL  TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


The   Most   Popular   Roses 

A  S   the  American  Rose  Society   increases   in 

/Y      membership     and      popularity,     so     the 

/    \    "American  Rose  Annual"  seems   corre- 

/       %  spondingly    to     increase     in     bulk    and 

*■  *  interest.      While  the  articles  on  "  Special 

Roses"    and  "  Our  Native  Roses"   will  appeal  to 

scientifically  inclined  members,   there  is  plenty  of 

useful  information  and  education  for  the  ordinary 

as  well  as    "  the   backyard    Rose   grower."    The 

descriptions  of  Roses  growing  in  the  various  parts 

of  the  United  States  emphasise  to  British  readers 

the  extremes  of  climate  in  that  country,   varying 

even  more  than  what  would  here  correspond  with 

the  North  of  Scotland  to  the  South  of  France. 

America  is  nothing  if  not  go-ahead,  as  one  can 
see  by  the  chapters  proposing  Roses  for,  among 
many  other  things,  beautifying  highway's  and  for 
suggested  hospital  Rose  gardens.  Test  gardens 
seem  to  aboimd,  but  one  misses  the  usual  reports 
on  the  results  of  the  testing,  the  progress  that  is 
being  made  generally,  and  descriptions  of  the 
latest  plans  and  ideas.  Yet  another  test  garden 
has  been  established  at  New  RocheUe,  New  York. 
Is  this  theu:  tenth  garden,  and  when  shall  we  see 
the  first  British  Rose  test  garden  established  ? 

The  same  Roses  seem  to  be  popular  in  the 
New  World  as  in  the  Old,  and  from  a  census  of  the 
most  popular  Roses  taken  throughout  the  country 
the  following  interesting  results  were  elicited  :— 
Among  Hybrid  Teas  Mrs.  Aaron  Ward  gained 
first  honours  in  the  New  England  and  also  the 
Central  States.  Ophelia  was  first  in  the  Middle  and 
Southern  States,  and  Mme.  Edouard  Herriot  and 
Los  Angeles  jointly  secured  first  award  in  the 
Western  States.  Of  Hybrid  Pcrpetuals  Fran  Karl 
Druschki  was  conspicuously  first  everywhere,  while 
among  climbers  the  first  honours  were  awarded  to 
Doctor  Van  Fleet,  Dorothy  Perkins,  Tausendschon 
and  Excelsa.  Among  the  popular  Roses  of  the 
United  States  one  seems  to  stand  out  prominently 
which  we  do  not  know  in  this  country,  namely  : 
American  Beauty. 

Reference  is  made  to  the  useful  testing  work 
done  at  the  Bagatelle  Garden,  Paris,  where,  on 
June  7  last  year  the  gold  medal  of  the  French  Rose 
Society  was  awarded  to  Souvenir  deClaudius  Pernet, 
raised  by  Monsieur  Pernet-Ducher,  and,  although 
several  English  Rose  growers  were  present  at  the 
judging,  we,  unfortunately,  seem  to  have  had  no 
reports  here. 

As  an  example  of  the  keenness  and  up-to-date 
methods  of  our  American  cousins,  a  three  weeks 
Rose  tour  is  suggested  for  1922,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  American  Rose  Society,  the  idea  being  to 
visit  the  great  Rose  gardens.  Rose  cities  and  test 
gardens  of  the  United  States. 

Under  the  heading  of  The  New  Roses  of  all  the 
World  the  following  note  appears  :—■  Continuing 
the  world  enquiry  instituted  last  year,  there  is 
heie  presented  what  is  believed  to  be  a  reasonably 
complete  list  of  the  new  Roses  introduced  to  com- 
merce or  described  by  the  originators  since  the 
1920  Annual  went  to  press." 

The  list  of  new  Roses  will  be  found  most  useful, 
tabulated  under  the  headings  of  the  different 
countries  of  production.  Probably  many  of  the 
novelties  wiU  never  be  heard  of  again,- 

The  American  Rose  Society  also  seems  to  have 
seriously  tackled  the  problem  of  nomenclature  by 
keeping  its  own  register  and  refusing  duplicates  ; 
in  fact,  the  Society  must  be  congratulated  on  the 
soundness  of  its  good  work  "  to  nationalise  the 
love  for  Roses  in  America  with  a  Rose  for  every 
home  and  a  bush  for  every  garden." 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— T*c  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Garden  hclpjul  to  all  readers  who  desire 
assistance,  no  mutter  what  the  branch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  ivith  that  object  makes  a  special  feature  of  the  "Answers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  communications  should  be 
clearly  and  concisely  written  on  (me  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  to  the  EDITOR  of  THE  (i.lllDEN,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Cocent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  setuter  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
pacJred  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  wliere  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  PUBLISHER. 


FLOWER     GARDEN. 

DELPHINIUMS  AND  OTHER  FLOWERS  UNSATIS- 
FACTORY (■■  Kltham.")— Oq  a  very  light  soU  all  ijlantuig 
should  be  done  as  firmly  as  possible  and  hoeing  the  surface 
sliould  receive  frequent  attention  in  order  to  conserve 
all  the  moisture  possible.  When  preparing  such  soils 
it  is  well  to  add,  in  the  absence  of  farmyard  manure,  a 
deal  of  humus,  such  as  leaf-mould,  as  this  acts  like  a  sponge 
in  holding  moisture.  The  best  present  treatment  for  the 
perennial  plants  is  to  top-dress  them  with  animal  manure, 
if  this  can  be  had,  and  to  apply  sulphate  of  ammonia  to 
encourage  growth  in  the  backward  plants  at  the  rate  of 
2  oz.  to  the  square  yard,  raking  it  into  the  surface  soil. 
Wood-ashes  will  be  found  very  beneficial  on  a  hght  soil 
if  applied  at  the  rate  of  about  lib.  to  each  square  yard. 
It  is  rather  late  to  sow  Schizanthus  with  the  expectation 
of  their  llowering  this  year,  but  if  we  have  a  hot  summer 
they  probably  would  do  so.  Wc  suggest  sowing  half  the 
seed  now  in  the  frame  and  the  remainder  at  the  end  of 
August,  tor  blooming  next  spring.  The  planis  will  winter 
in  the  frame  if  it  is  well  covered  up  during  cold  weather. 

VIOLETS  FOR  FRAMES  (11.  S.  E..  Canterbury).— 
It  is  rather  late  in  the  year  to  propagate  Violets  for  frame 
cultivation,  but  if  young  plants  or  rooted  runners  can  be 
procured  these  should  be  planted  out  in  the  garden  m 
rows  about  1ft.  apart.  Tlie  Violet  will  thrive  in  any 
ordinary  good  garden  soil  that  is  not  very  heavy.  Should 
it  be  of  a  clavey  nature  it  would  be  well  to  make  raised 
beds  and  lighten  the  soil.  Throughout  the  summer  the 
culture  consists  chiefly  in  removing  all  ninners  as  soon  as 
they  are  perceived,  m  order  to  get  stocky,  single-crowned 
plants  as  far  as  posible  ;  in  freq\iently  hoeing  the  surface 
soil  and  in  spraying  daily  with  clear  water  to  prevent  red 
spider  mfesting'the  foUage.  About  the  middle  ot  Septem- 
ber the  plants  should  be  carefully  transferred  to  the  frames. 
When  lifting,  take  care  to  get  a  good  ball  of  soil  on  each 
plant ;  this  is  best  done  during  dull  weather.  The  frames 
should  face  south,  and  m  order  to  benefit  by  all  the  sun  that 
shines  durhig  the  winter,  should  be  more  sharply  pitched 
than  is  usua'l.  Plant  firmly,  keepmg  the  plants  as  near 
the  glass  as  possible,  and  water  well  so  as  to  settle  the 
soil,  but  do  not  place  the  lights  over  the  frames  until 
frosts  render  this  protection  necessary.  Abundance  of 
fresh  ah-  is  essential,  night  and  day,  except  during  the 
coldest  weather.  Timely  advice  on  treatment  at  the 
various  seasons  will  be  found  in  our  "  Gardenhig  of  the 
Week  "  columns.  Princess  of  Wales  is  probably  the  finest 
of  the  single  Violets,  while  Princess  Beatrice  is  valuable 
on  account  of  its  lateness  in  flowering, 

CROPPING  A  QUARTER  OF  AN  ACRE  GARDEN 
(V  P  Haslemere). — The  loamy  soil  of  which  the  garden 
consists  is  well  suited  to  the  growth  of  most  garden 
crops,  A  tmy  plot  of  land  at  north  of  cottage  at  present 
empty  our  correspondent  might  have  deeply  dug  and 
generously  manured  and  then  a  few  rows  of  Carrot 
(stump  rooted).  Beetroot  (turnip-rooted).  Lettuce  and 
Mustard  and  Cress  could  be  sown.  These  will  turn  in 
good  tune  with  care  and  attention  as  to  watering  and 
keepmg  clear  of  weeds.  A  little  more  space  should  be 
given  to  vegetables  next  year.  We  fear  our  correspondent 
could  not  do  much  good  bv  planting  anything  among  the 
Currant  bushes.  The  soil  must  be  fuU  of  their  roots  and 
if  these  are  disturbed  the  bushes  will  suffer.  The 
Wistaria  would  be  benefited  if  a  top  dressing  of  -B-ell 
decayed  stable  or  farmyard  manure  (with  the  same 
quantity  of  loamy  soil  added  to  .t).  -were  now  applied 
to  the  sur  ace  soil  over  the  roots  as  far  as  it  is  thought 
they  extend  takmg  off  a  portion  of  the  old  surface  soil 
before  applvmg  it.  A  bird  bath  among  the  trees  would 
be  delightful.  Water  plants  delight  m  plenty  of  sunshme 
as  a  rule.  Our  correspondent  might  try  the  Water  Violet 
(Hottonia  palustrls) Water  Anemonc(Kanunculus  aquatdias) 
and  a  plant  or  two  of  Watercress,  Water  Flag  (Iris  Pseuda- 
acorus)  There  is  a  large  choice  of  flowers  suitable 
for  planting  out  now,  from  which  a  good  selection  could 
be  made,  includmg  Hollyhocks,  Dahlias,  Phlox,  Pyreth- 
rums  Anthrhinums,  Pentstemons,  Violas,  and  includmg 
all  those  our  correspondent  suggests.  The  plants  should  be  m 
pots,  if  possible  ;  thev  succeed  so  much  better  afterwards. 
It  is  not  too  late  to  sow  Mignonette,  or  young  plants  may 
possibly  be  had  in  pots,  which  would  be  better. 


FRUIT    GARDEN. 

ROSEBERRY  APPLE  (J,  H,  E.,  Taplow),— We  presume 
that  the  above  so-called  Apple  must  be  a  local  variety 
and  given  this  name  by  its  raiser.  It  is  not  included  m 
any  list  of  British  grown  Apples  we  are  acquauited  with. 
It  may  be  that  this  Apple  has  been  confused  with  the  one 
of  the  name  of  Rosemary  Eusset,  a  weU  known  sterling 
old  dessert  Apple,  ripe  from  December  to  March.  The 
skin  of  this  is  slightly  rough,  its  ground  colour  being  yellow 
flushed  with  rosy  copper.  Its  flesh  is  rather  leathery,  its 
flavour  rich  and  aromatic.  If  our  correspondent  wi  1 
send  us  a  sample  or  two  when  ripe,  we  can  tell  whether 
it  has  a  synonym   or  not. 

PEAR  TREES  ATTACKED  (Barker). — The  trees  are 
attacked  bv  both  brown  rot  and  scab.  All  shoots  and 
spurs  show'uig  cracks  m  the  bark  should  be  pruned  ofl 
and  burned,  and  the  tree  should  be  sprayed  just  before 
the  buds  burst,  and  again  as  soon  as  the  petals  have  fallen, 
with  Bordeaux  mixture. 

APPLE  TREES  ATTACKED  (F.  K.  H.  and  H.  M.  C). 
The  Apple  shoots  are  attacked  by  Apple  mildew  and  by 
aphis.  For  the  former,  which  forms  a  white  mealy  powder 
on  the  leaves,  the  best  treatment  is  to  prune  away  mfected 
shoots;  for  the  latter,  spraying  with  a  nicotme  wash 
should  be  carried  out, 

DAMSONS  SUITABLE  FOR  A  SHADY  POSITION 
(Dunmow).— We  thhik  that  Damsons  would  succeed 
better  than  Plums  under  the  conditions  stated.  The 
following  are  the  best  varieties.  Merryweather  Damson, 
very  large  and  the  tree  fertile ;  Frogmore,  early  and  very 
sweet,  also  prolific ;  Langley  Black  Bullaco,  large  and 
prolific  and  good  in  every  -nay  ;  Prune  Damson,  a  very 
old  variety,  unequalled  for  flavour  when  ripe. 

GRAPE  VINE  UNSATISFACTORY  (P.  H.  T.,  Surbiton). 
— So  far  as  we  can  see  from  the  s|iccimen  sent  for  examina- 
tion the  Grape  Vme  is  suflermg  from  lack  of  water  or 
from  being  kept  too  closely  shut  up  m  the  greenhouse. 
Possibly  ventilation  is  not  seen  to  sufficiently  early  in  the 
morning. 

PEACH.  PLUM  AND  FIG  TREES  UNSATISFACTORY 
IN  POTS  (E.  S,  Windsor), — To  be  successful  m  the  growth 
of  these  it  is  necessary  for  whoever  has  charge  of  them  to 
have  had  considerable  experience  and  some  traming  under 
a  practical  expert  in  their  growth.  Our  corrcsjiondent 
says  that  the  trees  growmg  in  borders  in  the  same  house 
are  fruiting  all  right.  This,  we  think,  pomts  to  the  fact 
that  wateruig  has  been  at  fault.  Once  any  of  these  fruits 
growmg  in  pots  are  permitted  to  become  too  dry  while 
bearing  fruit,  success  in  their  growth  is  out  of  the  question. 


KITCHEN  GARDEN. 
TOMATOES  DISEASED  (K.  M.  A.,  New- 
machar).— The  Tomatoes  sent  are  affected  v»1th  the  trouble 
known  as  blossom-end  rot.  This  is  due  to  bacterial 
attack  through  the  cracked  skin  of  the  fruit  just  where  the 
style  is  attached.  All  fruit  showing  the  blackening 
should  be  picked  off  and  burned,  and  every  means  possible 
should  be  taken  to  prevent  the  fruit  from  cracking.  If 
the  watering  is  carried  out  regularly,  the  ventilation 
good  (ventilation  should  be  kept  on  night  and  day),  the 
plants  watered  weekly  with  a  solution  of  J  oz,  sulphate 
of  potash  to  the  gallon  of  water,  this  cracking  of  the 
fruit  should  be  obviated. 


GREENHOUSE. 
SCARLET  TACSONIA  UNSATISFACTORY  (Woking)— 
Being  a  young  and  vigorous  plant  accounts  largely  for  the 
abundant  growth.  Thin  the  shoots  now  as  much  as 
convenient,  to  get  those  reniaming  well  ripened.  With  a 
further  shortening  in  winter,  but  not  too  hard  prunmg, 
which  would  again  induce  too  much  new  growth,  flowering 
should  follow  next  year. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

PRONOUNCIATION    OF    PLANT    NAMES    (B.    B.    E., 

Maidstone). — The  correct  pronounciation  is  Schiz-anth-us, 
though  Schi-zan-thus,  the  "  i  "  being  a  long  vowel,  seems 
to  have  the  sanction  of  usage.  In  plant  names,  according 
to  Nicholson  in  the  Pronouncing  Dictionary  Supplement  to 
his  well  known  "  Dictionary  of  Gardenmg,"  "  eh  "  should 
always  be  hard,  as  in  Christian,  so  that  "  Schi "  should  be 
pronounced  "  Sky." 

THE  USE  OF  WOOD  ASHES  AND  OTHER  QUESTIONS 
(E  M  H.  Bridgetown).— Wood  ashes  are  rich  m  potash 
and  consequently  valuable  in  the  garden.  -  If  the  supply 
is  IJlnted  it  should  be  applied  flrst  to  legummous  plants, 
especially  Peas,  in  the  kitchen  garden  ;  to  such  as  Roses  and 
Sweet  Peas  in  the  flower  garden,  and  to  Peaches,  Pears 
Cherries  and  Plums  in  the  fruit  garden.  Unless  it  can  be  used 
as  soon  as  made,  wood  ash  should  be  kept  under  cover,  as 
the  potash  is  soon  washed  out  by  rams.  As  a  top  dressmg, 
mixed  -with  an  equal  quantity  of  fine  soil,  spread  evenly 
over  the  surface,  it  is  excellent  for  lawns.  The  liquid  manure 
coming  from  stables  and  byres  is  generally  far  too  strong 
to  be  safely  used  directly  on  the  land,  though  this,  naturally, 
depends  on  the  quantity  of  water  employed  for  cleansmg 
purposes  and  -n-hether  or  not  ram  drains  mto  the  pits.  It 
is  a  valuable  manure  if  used  discreetly  and  generally  should 
be  diluted  with  twenty  times  its  quantity  of  water  In  this 
form  it  would  be  excellent  for  applymg  to  fniit  trees  m 
bearing  and  any  garden  crop  that  requires  stimulatmg. 

BOOK  ON  VIOLETS  (R.  S.  E.,  Canterbury).—"  Sweet 
Violets  and  Their  Culture."  by  Richard  Parker,  pubhshed 
bv  Messrs.  Mitcliell  and  Co.,  price  6d.,  is  an  excellent  little 
treatise  A  larger  work  is  "  Violets,  Pansics  and  Violas, 
bv  Wiliiam  Cuthbertson,  Present  Day  Gardening  Series, 
biit  this,  we  fear,  is  out  of  prmt  though  may  be  had  at  a 
secondliand  booksellers, 

BOOK  ON  CACTI  (Birch  HiU),— Mr,  H.  N.  Ellison, 
Cactus  SpeciaUst,  West  Bromwich.  publishes  a  catalogue 
of  1  250  choice  named  Cactus,  price  Is,,  which  he  offers  for 
sale'  The  best  book  on  Cactus  and  their  culture  is  by 
Mr,'wilUam  Watson,  published  by  Exchange  and  Mart, 
price  28,.  post  free  28,  4d, 

NAMES    OF   PLANTS.— T.   L.,   Stetohford.— 1,   Cytisus 

albus;     2,    Dianthus   cksIus    var. C.    F.,    Ascot.- 1, 

Ceanothus  dentatus ;    2,  Ceanothus  Gloire  de  Versailles. 

W-     W.,   Blackburn. — 1,    Noccsea  alpina  ;    2,    Silene 

marituna  flore  pleno;    3.  Saxifraga  Aizoon  var.    rosea; 

4    Arenaria  montana;     5,   Saxifraga  Aizoon  rosea. 

H.  B.,  Surrey. — 1,  Gaultheria  Shallon ;  2,  Azalea  hidica 
var.  amosna. 


June   ii,   1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


V. 


THE    MOST    MERITORIOUS    EXHIBIT    AT    THE    ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY  S     CHELSEA    SHOW    OF     I921. 


MESSRS.  SUTTON  AND  SONS,  the  King's  seedsmen 
of  Reading,  gladly  comply  with  the  request  of 
many  visitors  to  Chelsea  Show,  who,  expressing 
admiration  of  their  floral  group — to  which  the  Gold  Medal 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  and  the  Sherwood  Cup 
for  the  most  meritorious  exhibit  were  awarded — wished  to 
know  how  such  success  was  achieved. 

Consisting  of  greenhouse  flowers,  hardy  and  half-hardy 
annuals,  embracing  over  thirty  different  subjects  and  arranged 
in  mounds  of  brilliant  colour,  it  provided  a  display  which  was 
almost  embarrassingly  attractive  !  Many  enquiries  were  made 
as  to  the  mariner  in  which  the  exhibit  was  produced.  Every 
one  of  the  plants  shown — excepting  the  Palms  and  Ferns — 
were  grown  from  seed  within  the  preceding  twelve  months, 
and  in  the  case  of  some  annuals,  such  as  Nemesias,  etc.,  from 
seed  sown  so  recently  as  last  January  and  February'. 

Among  many  beautiful  flowers,  perhaps  the  central  mound 
of  Salpiglossis,  in  glorious  shades  of  blue  and  gold,  golden-yellow, 
crimson  and  rich  purple,  and  the  pyramids  of  Sutton's  salmon 
scarlet  Clarkia,  attracted  the  most  attention.  These,  with  the 
the  Mignonette  and  Schizanthus  were  from  seed  sown  in  September 
in  cold  frames,  and  grown  as  coolly  as  possible  during  the  winter 
months — artificial    heat    being    only    used    for    the    purpose    of 


excluding  frost.  Nemesias  and  Dimorphothecas — two  South 
African  plants — also  attracted  much  notice.  Although  sun- 
lovers  they  require  but  low  temperatures  and  the  plants  exhibited 
were  raised  from  January  and  early  February  sowings,  cool 
greenhouse  treatment  only  being  employed.  Phlox  Drummondii 
and  Larkspur  were  other  delightful  annuals  included  in  the 
exhibit. 

Among  the  strictly  greenhouse  subjects,  in  which  we  have 
specialised  for  so  many  years,  were  Gloxinias  and  Streptocarpus, 
both  from  April  sowings.  Great  admiration  was  expressed  for 
herbaceous  Calceolarias  Sutton's  Art  Shades  and  Cloth  of 
Gold  (a  self-coloured  yellow).  The  Cineraria  Stellata  plants 
were  grouped  in  two  masses,  blue  and  white  tones  in  the  one 
and  pink  and  white  in  the  other,  and  the  delicate  shades  of 
colour  demonstrated  how  great  has  been  the  advance  made 
in  eliminating  the  magenta  colouring  to  which  many  folk 
obj  ected. 

Messrs.  Sutton  and  Sons  are  frankly  proud  of  having 
been  successful  in  winning  the  coveted  award  of  the 
Sherwood  Cup  for  the  most  meritorious  exhibit  at  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Chelsea  Show  of  192 1.  They 
are  also  proud  of  the  Gold  Medal  awarded  to  their  exhibit 
of  vegetables. 


VI. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  ii,   1921. 


Beating   the   Blight 


The  safest  and  surest  remedy  for  Aphis 
(green  and  black  fly),  American  Blight, 
etc.,  and  mildew  on  roses  and  other  plants, 
is  Abol  Non-poisonous  Insecticide. 

It  also  invigorates  the  plants  and  leaves 
the  foliage  beautifully  clean  and  fresh. 

Abol  is  clean  and  wholesome  to  handle, 
has  no  unpleasant  smell  and  will  not 
damage  paintwork. 

A  pint,  1/5;  pint,  2/5;  quart,  4/-; 
i  gallon,  6/6;    gallon,  11/-1. 

A  guide  to  garden  pests  will  be  sent  to 
anyone,  gratis  and  post  free. 

Abol  Insecticide,  Patent  Syringes 
(specially  recommended  by  the  National 
Rose  Society),  etc.,  are  sold  by  Nursery- 
men. Seedsmen,  Ironmongers,  etc.,  and 
made  by  Abol  Limited,  9,  Beltring, 
Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 

Abol 


"Country  Life" 
Gardening  Booldets. 

Each  9d.  net,  by  Post  lid. 


Antirrhinums  and  Pentstemons. 

By  A.  J.  Macself. 

The   Greenhouse,   and    how   to   make   the 
most  of  it. 

By  W.   Truelove. 

Vegetable  Growing. 

By  Herbert  Cowley. 
3rd  Impression. 

Storing  Vegetables  and  Fruits. 

With  Chapters  on  Drying  in  the 
Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen  Fire. 
By  Herbert  Cowley. 

Fruit  Bottling  and  Preserving. 

Practical      and     homely      recipes. 
By  Mrs.  Edwin  Beckett. 
2nd  Edition. 

Cultivation  in  Movable  Frames. 

By  Herbert  Cowley. 

A  complete  list  of  the  'Country  Life" 
booklets  and  a  catalogue  of  many  practical 
and  beautifully  illustrated  gardening  books 
in  the  '  Country  Life  "  Library  will  be  sent 
post  free  on  application  to 

The  Manager,  "Country  Life," 
20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


NOW     READY. 


The  Garden  Doctor. 

PLANTS  IN  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE. 

By  F.  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.M.H. 

7s.  6d.  net  ;     by  post  8s. 

This  book — written  by  an  acknowledged 
authority — gives  a  short  and  simple 
account  of  common  troubles  met  with 


jarder 


id    the     most    effective 


methods  of  dealing  with  them. 

A  prospectus  of  the  volume  and  a  complete 
catalogue  of  books  in  the  '  Country 
Life "  Library  will  be  sent  post  free  on 
application  to 

The  Manager,  "  Country  Life," 
20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


EDDY'S     NETS 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS. 

For    Fruit    Protection.       Square    and  Diamond 
Mesh.     All  kinds  and  sizes. 

TENNIS     BOUNDARY     NETS. 

All  widths  and  lengths. 

TENNIS     NETS. 

Vai'ious  qualities. 

REPAIRED     NETS. 

All  sizes. 

NETS     FOR     ALL     PURPOSES. 


Samples  and  List  of  Prices  from  the  Manufacturers 

JOSEPH     BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
BARROW-ON-HUMBER. 

(Sole  Proprietors  of  B.  EDDY  &  SONS.) 


'NICOTICIDE' 

NICOTINE     FUMIGANT 

Will  effectively  destroy  those  Insects  which 
infest  and  destroy  your  Greenhouse  Plants. 

GREEN   FLY  &  BLACK  FLY,  THRIP, 

MEALY   BUG,    and    SCALE    killed  by 

'NICOTICIDE'     Fumigant. 

PRICES: 

Pint    20/-         4-pint    10/- 

6  ozs 6/-        4  ozs 4/- 

2ozs    2/3         1  oz 1'2 

From  your  Nurseryman  or  Seedsman, 

Sole    Makers  : 

HUNTER  &  GOW,  Ltd.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  LIVERPOOL 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS. 'EUREKA"   Uwn  Sawd.  Soilfumc.   ^ 

NicoTiME.lNSCCTiciDts.FuMERS, Sprays.  AMD  OTHER  Chemicals 
*NDSuNDmts.  sttUST,  Pliasc  ASK  YouB  AGEKT  FOR  THE  Eureka 

ARTICLES -THEY  ARE  ALWAYS  SAHSFACTORY     IF  AMY  DIFFICUirY 
■.   OaTAINING    WE  SEMD  DIRECT,    CARRIAOC  PAID 


lliilvt<ilnss:TllMLIWSON  t  HAYWABD  t'.f  LlWCOLW 


^Jie 


SECnONAL 

GARDEN  FRAME 

IS  WORTH  ENQUIRING  ABOUT. 
Write    for    Booklet    "B"    to-day. 

THE    SLADE    SYNDICATE.    Ltd., 

(Directors :  E.  J.  W.  &  M.  W.  Slade), 

28.  Woburn  Place.  W.C.I. 


GET     THIS    BOOK. 
"  Cultivation  by   Movable  Fpames," 

By    HERBKRT    Co\V!j:y.   Editor   of   "  The 
G.irJcn."    Post  Free  1/- 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


%i:^^::^ 


Kor 

Shod 

.  Horst.-fe 


FIG.  :;.  FJG.  2. 

(Welted  Pattern).  (No-Welt  Pattern). 

ONCE  TRIED,  ALWAYS  USED. 
SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST  I  MOST  ECONOMICAL ! 

Best  English  Leather  of  Rubber  Soles. 
Used    m     the     Royal     and     in     thousands     of     tiie 

Principal    Gardens.  '^ 

Fig.  1    can  be    re-soled    many   times  and   will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Silver  Medals:— 

Royal  Horticultural  Society.  1904  and  1914 

Royal  International  Horticultural  Exhibition.  1912. 

HUNDREDS     OF     TESTIMONIALS. 
Over  10,000  Sets  used  In  the  United  Kingdom. 

llhi^trated  Price  Lists  from  the  Makers: — 
H.  PATTISSON  &   Co..  Sireatham.  London 


|UNE     II,     iq2I. 


THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


r 


HORSE  SHOE  BOILER 

IS  THE  BEST  FOR  GREEN- 
HOUSES 12  TO  50  FEET 
LONG.    MADE  IN  FIVE  SIZES. 


38.000  SOLD 


CAN     BE     ERECTED    AND     SET 
WORKING     IN     A    FEW     HOURS 


Used  in 
Gardens 
satisfied       Amateurs 


the  R.H.S.  and   Botanic 
and     by     thousands    of 


everywhere 
LIST  42  POST  FREE 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  LTD. 

65,  65a,  Southwark  St.,  LONDON,  S.E.  1 


33rd    SEASON. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

WW*? 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,      and 

Chrysanthemums. 

Fancy     Fern     Pans     and 

Bulb  Bowls, 

from  4d.  each. 

No  Waiting  ! 

AH    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  eacli  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON.    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM. 


"  Beats  Tarred  Feit  hoUow." 


Clean  uid  e&sy  to  handle.  No 
tanias:  or  painticLff .  Anybody  can 
fix  it-  Tim*  and  weatherproof. 
In  rolls,  ready  to  lay.  of  Hard- 
ware Merchants  every-where. 

Sa,mpm:s      The  Ruhemid  Co..  Ltd.. 

I-'K!  I  ,  aicpt  >l,  Sl,Knij4!ni-JdtrSt.,F-:.C. 


tmrnrnfmrnvw^ 


VITALIZER 

THE    FERTILISER 


Supplies    plant    life    with    the    necessary    food 

in     its     most     natural     and     nutritious     form. 

Ask  your  Scctlsitifjii,  or  write  fn 

STONEHOUSE     Hort.    Dept,    WEST     BRQMWICH. 


Mrs.PYM'S  FAMOUS  PLANTS 

GOOD     AND     CHEAP. 

Orders  over  3/-  post  free.      Under,  please  add  4d.  to  help  meet 
high  rate  of  postage.      Half  lots  same  rate.      1 2/-  worth  for  1 0/-. 


strong  one  year  old  Auriculas,  Brompton  Stocks, 
Canterbury  Bells,  Carnations,  -lOoJ  border  doulili  s, 
Coreopsis  srandiHora.  Gaillardia  grandiflora,  Holly- 
hocks, I'.,  1/4. 

Stroll;;  Spriiiu;  sown,  best  varieties  procurable,  Broccoli, 
Maiiiiuotli  and  .\prll  Queen;  Cauliflower  Early  L(.ii(Iiim, 
I'.i^t  of  .411  and  .\utumn  Giant;  Spmntin;;  Broccoli, 
Brussels  Sprouts  Ki  Iwav'^  (iiant,  Exliibitimi.  Jtatciiless  ; 
Cabbage,  :.  I.r~t  v„rts  ;  Coleworts,  C  iirbd  Kale,  A~para;;iis 
Kale,  Leeks  Priz.takrr,  Lvon.  Cliaiiipion  :  Onions  U.-dford- 
>bire  Champion,  Giant  Zittau  ami  Kocca  ;  Savoy  liest  of  All, 
100,  1/9,  300,  4/6. 

Stronu' transplanted  Vegetable  Marrows,  trailing  or  bush, 
li.  l/ij.  Cucumber  KinL'ol  laii;.  ,  Hidfcud^liirr  Prize,  B,  1/6. 
Cucumber  Trl.M.raph,  lluehionl-,  h.-t  f..r  house  or  frame, 
:..  1  ;i.  Pumpkin  MaiuuKith  Uundredweigbt,  4,  1|4. 
Tomato,  larue,  stroii'i,  sturdy  plants,  siiowiriy  flower,  6,  1/9- 
Parsley,  111,  1/4.  Sage.  Thyme,  Mint,  Marjoram,  6,  1/4. 

Strong;  I'liuibrrs,  Passion  Flower,  hardy,  blue  and  wllite, 
:.',>l/4.  Canary  Creeper,  uraceful,  quick  climber,  l;i,  1/6. 
Cobea  seamlen-;,  tiandsoiiie,  rapid  climber,  large  purple 
flowers,  :;,  1/6. 

Sweet  Pea  plants,  separate  colours,  20,  1/6.  Mixed,  best 
larue  tlowi'ring,  waved,  etc.,  30,  1/6.  Pea  plants,  eating, 
br-t   .Marrowfats,  25,  1/4. 

Bean  plants.  Kidney  dwarf,  25,  1/4. 

SUMMER     BEDDING. 

Strong  transplantrd  plant.<.  Ageratum,  blue  or  mauva, 
1.',,  1/G."  Alyssum,  white,  creeping,  15,  1/4.  Antirrhi- 
nums, all  the  new  lovely  colours,  separate  or  mixed, 
12.  1/6.  Asters,  double  scarlet  or  white,  12,  1/4.  Asters, 
best  doubles,  15,  1/6.  Asters,  single  China,  pink,  scarlet, 
crimson,  mauve,  .\pple  blossom,  15,  1/6.  Balsams,  double, 
12.  1/4.  Calceolarias,  yellow,  bronze  or  red,  6,  1/6. 
Coleus,  12,  1/6.  Coreopsis  Drummondii.  15,  1/6. 
Chrysanthemums,  annuals,  double  and  single,  12,  1/6. 
Cornflower  Kelway's  Blue,  12,  1/6.  Clarkia  elegans, 
orange  and  Salmon  King,  12,  1/4.  Dahlias,  double,  singli-, 
Colossal,  Giant  Perfection,  Cactus,  Pa"ony,  Cidlarette  and 
t.'rimsoii  Ddorata,  4,  1/4.  Dianthus,  dout'le  or  single, 
12,  1/4.  Echeveria  glaucus,  rosettes,  red  hanging  flowers, 
4.  1/4.  Qaillardia  Picta,  12,  1/4.  Heliotrope  regale, 
eiioriiious  lieads  of  fragrant  bloom,  splendid  bedder,  4,  1/4. 
Kochia  Ctiildsii,  greatly  improved  summer  Cypress,  8,  1/4. 
Larkspur,  scarlet  or  blue,  12,  1/6.     Lobelia,  best  dwarf. 


compact,  dark  or  light  blue,  from  cuttings,  20  1/6  •  trans- 
planted seedUnvs.  .50.  2/6,  100,  4/-.  Whin-  Lobelia  same 
price.  Marguerites  Covent  Garden,  white,  vellow.  sulphur, 
4,  1/4.  Mimulus,  Scarlet  Musk,  6,  1/4.  Nicotina  atfinis, 
scented  wliite,  Tobacco  and  crimson  .Sander*.  6.  1/4. 
Nemesia  compacta  and  Strumosa  Suttoni,  15. 1/6.  Pansies, 
),e.>t  largi-  flowering  and  separate  coloiu-s.  12,  1/6.  Pent- 
stemon,  scarlet  and  large-flowering  hybrids.  4,  1/4. 
Petunia  grandiflora  and  Exhibition,  beautiful  colours^ 
enormous  blooms,  6.  1/4.  Phlox  Drummondi,  12.  1/4. 
Salvia  coccinea,  brilliant  scarlet.  6.  1/6.  Salvia,  Scarlet, 
I'ri.le  of  Zurich,  4,  1/4.  Salpiglossis,  ricli  colours,  12,  I/4! 
Salvia  splendens  and  Glorv,  rich  scarlet.  4.  1/4.  Schizan- 
thus  Wisetonensis,  12.  1/6.  Stocks,  Ten  Week.  Mammoth 
and  Beauty,  15,  1/6.  Verbenas,  mammoth  hvbrids. 
Auricula  eyed,  crimson  and  scarlet.  15,  1/4.  Violas, 
separate  colours  or  mixed.  12,  1/6.  Zinnia  elegans,  very 
large,  doulile,  Giant  Crimson  and  grandiflora  liybrids, 
12,  1/6.  100  Good  Bedding  Plants,  10  varieties,  my 
selection,  6/-. 

STRONG,     TRANSPLANTED 
PLANTS. 

Aralia,  ^i^'  Palm,  ;J,  1;4.  Asparagus  Fern,  3,  1/6. 
Begonias,  .salmon,  crimson  and  scarlet,  -t.  1/4.  Begonia 
Fiirli-iuiilt-,  coral  pink,  3,  1/6.  Cannas,  Crozy's  .splendid 
liylirid-.  4.  1  '6.  Ceisia  critica,  mauve  and  yellow,  4,  1/4. 
Coleus,  ciioici-  varieties,  6,  1/6,  Eucalyptus,  blue  gum, 
ti.  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalis  Queen  Victoria,  scarlet  spikes, 
l>rouzi-  foliasi'.  4,  1/6.  Lobelia  cardioalis,  beautiful  hybrids, 
4.  1/4.  Primula  obconica,  lovely  new  giant  hybrids, 
:j,  1  6.  Mother  of  Thousands,  hanging,  6,  1/4.  Strepto- 
carpus,  lovely  fape  Primrose,  many  rich  colours,  large 
tulmlar  blossoms,  evergreen  perennial,  almost  perpetual 
tlowering,  a  t;t'm  for  pots,  3,  1/6.  Qloxinias,  started  bulbs, 
•2.  1,4.  Heliotrope  Rio  des  Xoirs,  very  dark,  large, 
fragrant,  4.  1/6. 

Campanula  jiyramidalis.  Chimney  Bellflower,  two  year 

old  pkints,  2,  1/4, 

Chrysanthemums,  strong  plants  for  house  or  garden, 
.summer,  autumn  or  winter  flowering,  white,  yellow,  bronze 
and  mixed,  6,  1/6. 

Celery,  Kelway's  Giant,  solid  white  and  pink,  strong, 
transplanted,  ready  for  trench,  50,  2/-,  100,  3/-. 

Tritoma,  Red-hot  Poker,  3,  1/6. 


MRS.   PYM,  F.R.H.S., 

10,    VINE    HOUSE,    WOODSTON,     PETERBOROUGH. 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Gardeo   shoald  have  its    Beehive. 

Profitable,   easy  to    manage,  and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Semi   for    IUus.traied    Catalogue    with 
Advice  to  Beginners — Post  Free, 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 
Welwyn,    Herts. 


CARDEN      NETTIinG. 

Strong  small  mesh.  50  by  1  yd..  5  6;  SO  by  2.  11-:  50  by  4 
£1;  100  by  I  yd..  11/-:  100  by  2,  £1;  25  by  8,  £1.  New 
nettings.  S-in.  6d. :  do.  i-in.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  steam 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  1  quality,  7id. :  No.  2  quality,  6d. 
square  yard ;  any  length,  width,  carr.  paid.  pass,  train. 
I  hold  the  largest  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  Write  for  large  list 
W.  OLIVER  ALLEN,  Net  Maker,   Porthleven,    Cornwall 

T,'/,'C,-.7,M,s  .   Oliver  Allen.  Pnrflileveti. 


Backward      Garden      Produce      top-dressed       with 


RITO 


The  Rito  Smile. 


comes    along    quickly. 

It  your  Potatoes,  Cabbages,  Beans,  or  other  crops  are 
not  coming  on  as  quickly  as  you  wish,  just  try  a  top- 
dressing  of  RITO  and  then  note  their  marvellou.s  proo-ress. 

RITO  multiplies  everything  that  gro\vs. 

FROM     ALL     DEALERS— 1     cwt.    23/6,      i-cwt.     12/-,      J-cwt.    69, 

14   lbs.    3/9,    7   lbs.    21- 

Munnfactured  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd..  22,  Tunnel  Avenue.  Orcenzrich,  S.E.  10 


\-lll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  ii,   1921. 


ABUNDANCE 

OF  FRUIT 


only  possible  if  insect  pests 
are  destroyed. 


SAVE  VOUR    CROPS 


and  Flowers  from  damage  by  using 


COOPERS 

HORTICULTURAL 
REMEDIES 


NICOTINE    |V2l    FLUID 

No  finer  Spring  and  Summer  Wash 
Destroys    Apple  and    Pear  Sutler,  Apple.  Plum. 
Rose  and  other  aphides.  Mussel  Scale  taivK,  and 
American    Blight. 
In  Qts..  4,  1.  2,  6.  20  and  40  galls. 

A.    S.    FLUID 

For   Spring    and    Summer    Use 

Kills  Aphis,  Apple  Sucker  and  Young  Scale  In&ects. 
Economical  for  large  Orchardisls. 
In  1,  5.  20  and  40  galls. 

MILDEW   (V2K)   FLUID 

For    Rose,    Strawberry    and    other  Mildews,    also 
Strawberry  Leaf  Spot. 

■HIGHLY  COMMENDED^    pward    of  the 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  (or  Rose  Mildew. 
In  Qt.  Tins;  1.  2,  5.  10  and  40  gall,  casks. 

ARSENATE  of  LEAD  PASTE 

Destroys   Leat-eaiing   Caterpillars,  Codling  Moth 
Caterpillar,  Saw  Fly  larvae.  Pear  and  Cherry  Slug 
and  other  chewing  insects. 
In  1.  2.  5,  10.  20.  50  and  1001b.  Packages. 

TOMARITF 

A  Non-Poisonous  Spray  Fluid 
For  prevention  and  eradication  of  fungous  diseases 
on  1  omatoes.  including  leaf-rust.       Does  not  mark 
the   Fruit. 
In  Qts..  1,  6,  and  10  gall,  drums. 

WEEDICIDE 

Rapidly  kills  Weeds  on  Drives,  Garden  Paths  and 
Gravelled   Spaces. 
In  Qts..  1.1.2,  5. 10,  20  and  40  galls. 

Of  Aseoti  Everywhere.     Revised  Prices  on  Application  to 


WILLIAM  COOPER  fi.NEPHEWSL" 


CHEMICAL  WORKS,  BERKHAMSTEO. 

LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduced 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way.  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation ! 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone. 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 
in  this  Fumigator! 


Registered  Trade  Mark  6295. 


Prices.— No.  1 1  for  Frames  and  "Lean-to's"  up  to  1.000 
cubic  ft.,  lOd.  each  ;  No.  2.  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  to 
l.SOO  cubic  ft.,  1,3  each  ;  No.  3.  for  general  use  in  Large 
Greenhouses   from    2.000  to  2.500  cubic  ft.,    1/9  each. 


u 


TENAX 


99     The  New  and  Most   SuccesKful 

GRAFTING     WAX. 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It   is   rapidly  tailing  the   place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
preparations  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9ll.,  1/6,  3>-,  6/-,  9/-.  Also  in  bull<  at  reduced  rates 

FOWLEFrsHLAWN    SAND 

ESTABLISHED    IN     1875 

For  destroying  Daisies,  Dnndehons.  Piantyns,  Ribbed  Grass,  Thistles 
and  other  weeds  on  Lawns,  Croquet  Grounds,  Bowling  Greens, 
Parks,  etc..  at  the  same  time  actini^  as  a  fertiliser  and  improvinft  the 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass. 

Many  preparations  are  on  the  marke'  under  this  name,  but  no  article 
diffe  s  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  money's  worth  generally. 

TO    BE    HAD    FROXJ     THE    TRADE    GENERALLY. 
PRICES— Tins.  1/8,   3/9.  7/-  :  Bass.  281bs.  11/-.  56Ibs.  21/-.  112lbs.  39/- 
Sole    Manufaclurers :     CORRY    &    CO..    Ltd..    London.   S.E.I. 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

GREENHOUSES. 

GARDENS. 

LAWNS.  tA 


COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY      AND      CHEMICALLY      PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  same  way,  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equalling  IScwts.),  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  HoFtlcultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out  in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  W.  WiLKS,  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  Particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  poatcard. 
Vm^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -«l 


Frices,  including  bag^ 


Small  (about  1  biisheU.  2/3  ;    Lar^e  (about  -1  bushelst.  6/- 
2(1  Large.  100/-.         Carria^jf  forward  for  cash   with 


,S  Large.  28/9  :    ID  Lacgi.-.  55/- 


WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carnage  forward. 
WAKELEY     BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    76a,     BANK8IDE,    LONDON,      S.E.I. 


FIRST  INVENTED.       FIRST  EVER  SINCE. 
SMITH'S 

POWDER  WEED  KILLER 

is   absolutely    "PERFECT." 

8  tins  of  Powder  to  make  200  gallons  of 
Liquid,  carriage  paid  ;  also  in  Liquid,  all 
sized     Drums,     5    gallons,    carriage  paid. 

MARK     SMITH,     LTD. 

LOUTH,    LINCOLNSHIRE. 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDE 


OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAP 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  41b.  and  71b.  tins 

All    Packages    bear    MaUer's    name,    and    the    public    are 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON     &     TENNANT,     LTD., 

Aberdeen,     Renfpe>v     &     London. 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


so«* 


St* 


^t»o 


On    the    market 
for      over     40    years, 
they  still  hold  first  place  in 
the    estimation    of    Horticulturists 
all     over      the     world      for     QUALITY 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,     they     stand     unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description    of    Fruit-bearing,    Flowering 
and  Foliage  Plants,  Vegetables,  Lawns,  etc.,  etc. 
Vine,     Plant    and    Vegetable    Manure,     |  cwt.,  36/- ;      561b,,    19/-:      281b.,  10/6: 
141b.,  6|-:  71b..  3/6:  Tins,  1/6. 
Special  Top.Dresalng  Manure,  SBlb..  19/-:  28Ib.,  10/6:  141b.,  6/-:  71b.,  3/6. 
IW     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLET— POST     FREE     ON     REQUEST.     "•O 
SOLD         BY         NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers:      WM.     THOMSON      &     SONS.     LTD.,     CLOVENFORDS,     SCOTLAND. 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT   SAFETY  WEED    KILLER. 

FREE    FROM    ARSENIC. 

Simple  to  use,  very  effective,  and  moreover  is  perfectly  safe. 
Guaranteed    free    from    arsenic,    so    there    is    no    fear    of    poisoning  children,    animals 

poultry,  etc. 


Pint    Tins    1/9    each. 
Quart     „        3/- 
jGall.    ..       4/9 


I     Gallon    Drums    7/-   each. 
.S  .,      27/6       „ 

40  Casks  £8  10/-,, 


KATAKILLA 


The   perfect    insecticide    for    destroying    all     insect    pests    on 
Fruit,     Flowers     and     Vegetables. 

Destroys  Caterpillars  and   is  splendid   for   exterminating   green 
fly  on  roses  and  red  spider  on  cucumbers. 

KATAKILLA  IS    NON-POISONOUS 

Can  be  used  with  perfect  safety. 

If  any  difHcultv  in  obtaining  supplies   locally,  please  write  for 

Price  List  and  mention   name  and  address  of  local  seedsman, 

nurseryman  or  ironmonger. 

Insist  on  McDougall's.         Refuse  Substitutes.        Avoid  Disappointment. 

McDOUGALL     BROS.,     LTD., 
66,    68,     PORT    STREET,    MANCHESTER.       Established  1845. 


Published  by  "Country  Life."  Limited,  at  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Strand,  W.C.2,  and  by  George  Newnes,  Limited,  8-11.  Southampton  Street,  Strand,  VV.C.2, 

and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press,  55  &  57,  Drury  Lane,  London.  W.C.?. 


IHE 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


\\^OODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2587. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y..  Post  Offlce 


Saturday,  June   18,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE     AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17/4:    Foreign.    17/4 


FINE     EXAMPLE     OF     A     WELL-GROWN 
PILLAR     ROSE. 


BARR'S   SEEDS  for  JUNE  Sowing 

Of    Finest    Strains  and    Tested    Growth 


FOR     THE      FLOWER     GARDEN     &     GREENHOUSE. 

Antirrhinums,  Aquilegias,  Campanulas,  Canterbury  Bells,  Calceolarias, 
Cinerarias,  Delphiniums,  Forget-me  nots,  Hollyhocks,  Lupins,  Pansies, 
Primulas,  Polyanthus,  Primroses,  Sweet  Williams,   Stocks,  Wallflowers,  etc. 

FOR    THE    VEGETABLE    GARDEN. 

Beans,    Beet,    Carrots,    Peas,    Spinach,    Lettuce,    Radish,   etc. 

FOR    POULTRY    AND    PIG    FOOD 

sow    BUCKWHEAT— Seed,   per  oz.   packet,  3d.;     per  lb.,  2/- 

SPECIAL     LIST     O.V     APPLICATION. 

B/V    D  19        A.        ^  O  IM   ^  11,     12       &      13,        KING       STREET, 

'^   "^   "^         OC         ^  V^   1^   «^,       COVENT  GARDEN,   LONDON,  W.C.2. 

BENTLEY\S   SPECIALITIES 

WEED     DESTROYERS 

DAISY     KILLER     (Lawn     Sand) 

INSECTICIDES 

FUNGICIDES 

FUMIGANTS 

FERTILISERS 

Catalogue    on     Applicaiion. 

Sole  Manufacturers :  JOSEPH    BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
Chemical    Works,    BARROW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 


SOX    KILLS 


WHITE     FLY 

ind  all  insect  pests  on  Fruit, 


Flowers  and  Vegetables.  Adhesive  and  penetrating, 
it  is  the  quickest  and  most  efficient  Insecticide  in  the  world. 
SOX  has  been  awarded  the  "  Highly  Commended  "  Certificate 
by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  SOX  will  not  choke  Sprayer 
or  S\'ringe.      When  other  Insecticides  fail  SOX  will  delight  you. 

PRICES  OF  SOX    LIQUID. 

No.  1.     16,    malits     .S  galls.  I  .\o.  4.     6,-      makes  ;tO  galls. 

N'o.  2.     2;6,         ,.         Ill      ..  Mo.  .S,  10/6.        ,.        lio      .. 

No.  3.     3/6,         ,,         KS  I    Larger  quantities  OD  application. 

the 


PRICES  OF  SOX  TABLETS. 

Packets  of 
3,     1/  :     6.    119;      12,    3/-: 
24,  5/9:    48.  10/6  ;    120.  25/- 


"p^ "VT /^  "\  A  7"  "C^  TIT'  T^     ''■e  Weed  Killer  without  Arsenic. 
l—J    1    \-J    VV    J_j  J_j  J— -'     Quicker,      Better,      Cleaner     and 

Kills  all 


Cheaper  than   the  dangerous   arsenical    preparations 
the  weeds  and  leaves  no  stain. 
SOLD    BY    NURSERYMEN.    SEEDSMEN,    IRONMONGERS    AND 

Sold    in  cans  to    make    :t  sails.  1;6,  6   tails.  2'6.  Ill  tails.  3;9,  20  Kail; 


6/-, 


STORES. 

40  galls.  10/6.      Larger 


.VJ,i/ii.'<ic(ii>- 


H,7U'ftcr   f'    Bnlu'oott, 


KintitH 
Lit!.. 


H.,1 


,i;    Chi 


Grayx,  Essex, 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous   habit  and  superior  constitution.      A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially     invited    to    inspect     our     immense     and     interesting     STOCK 

RAISED     BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice    Species,    Rare    Botanical    Specimens.        Albinos    in    warm   and    cool 
sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert    Advice    given    and    all    Requisites    supplied    for     the    good    culture 

of  Orchids. 

CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO.,  "tTE^^S"* 


11. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  i8,   iq2i. 


i( 


THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  the> 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative  Rose   Grower    of   England 

D.    PRIOR    &    SON,     COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain, 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
of  all  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWERINa     SHRUBS 

For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  poat 
Established  1797  free 


R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Strawberries 

Nurseries 

and 

BEDFORD 

Fruit  Trees 

W.  WELLS,  JuNR. 
Hardy  Plant  Nursery 
MERSTHAM,  SURREY 


Specialists  In 
Hardy  Plants 
and  Alpines 
Catalogues  Free 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD.   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


ALPINE  PLANTS 

FREDK.  G.  WOOD  ff""^'^''^'  "\ 

Marsden  Nurseries  Sock  Garden^ 

ASHTEAD,    SURREY  Designer 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
TwERTON  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begoniaa 
Delphlnluma 
Qloxinias 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 
CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    Liat 
Post    Free   on 
application 


BIRDS  DEFIED. 


ROTLESS 

TANNED  NETTING. 

As  supplied  by  us  to  the  Royal  Gardens.  In  3  qualities. 
SO  by  I  yd..  6/-.  S/S,  11/- ;  2  yds.,  12;..  17/-,  22/- ;  3  yds.,  18/-,  25,6, 
33/- :  4  yds.,  24/..  34/-,  44/- ;   25  by  8  yds..  24/-.  34/-,  44/- 

Carriage  Paid,  post  or  pass. 
HAWTHORN.     Ltd..    Dept     E.    SHREWSBURY. 

ESTABLISHED    33    YEARS. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.   RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,   S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limit  ed  a„  Qarden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  and  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY  &   CO.,   Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertilizers  and 
insecticides,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,   Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humbeh 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG    &    CO. 
CHISLEHURST 

WRITE    US 


Landscape  and 
Qarden   Arohl- 
teots,  epeolalise 
In  Rock,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardena,  etc. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO..  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  1912. 


J.   CHEAL   &   SONS.    Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardenera 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  etc. 


PULMAM  ®  SON  Q>^«-" 

BT  APPOINTMENT  TO  HIS  .■MAJESTY  R^X^Sj^   » 

71  NEWMAN  ST- QXI^ORDSr-  StoqI  Garden,  . 

LONDON  •  W  ^^^?-^te^^',.■ 

NUP.5ERIC  S  ■  ELSC>fHAM  •  ESSEX  Figures  5undiab.'i<- 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


HERBERT'S  NEW  PINKS 

Have    received    Four    Awards  of    Merit  and   Medals. 

I  was  also  personally  congratulated  by  their  Majesties  the 
King  and  Queen  at  the  R.H.S.  Show,  Chelsea.  May  24th,  19'il. 

Price  List  free  on  af^plication, 

C.     HERBERT,    Nursenyman, 

ACOCKS      GREEN,      BIRMINGHAM. 


Ready  to  lay 

^^^^thoot delay.  Notarring 

-no  painting— no  bother  at 

all.       Lons  lasting  —  time  and 

weatherproof —  clean  to  handle  —far 

batter  than  tarred  felt.      Of  Hardware 

Merchants  everywhere. 

I  SAMPLES      The  Ruherold  Co..  Lt.1. 
Frfe.  (npt.St.  RI.KnitJhtride'  St..B.C. 


THE    DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST   FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  booklet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20 
Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND      PENTSTEMONS, 

by  A.  J.  MacBelf.  A  practical  booklet  on  the  best  methodp 
of  cultivating  ttiese  popular  tlowera.  9d.  net;  by  post,  lid 
I'ublished  at  the  Offices  o(  '■  CoDNTKT  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  TaTlstocli 
street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


Perpetual  Flowering 

CARNATIONS 


Our  stocks  of  selected  plants 
are  superh,  and  we  can  off  fr  all 
the  best  varieties  for  imme- 
diate delivery  ex  3^  in.  pits, 
stopped  and  broken. 
Fully  Illustrated  and  Pescriptive 
Catalogue  gladly  sent  Post  Free 
on  request,  or  we  can  i  ttei 
collections  of  plants  at  speelal 
prices,  carriage  and  packing 
paid  for  cash : 

Coll.  No.  1.— 3  good  distioct  varieties      5- 

,,       ^^    2.-6      ..  ..  „  10  - 

..      "    3.-9      ;.  ..  15,- 

4.— 25  Plants  io  12  good  varieties      35/- 

„       „    5.-50       ..  ..  ..  «2/6 

..   6.— 100  Plants  in  18  good  cut  flower  and 

Exhibition  varieties 115/- 

Limited   Stocks  of  Large  Flowering  flants  in  6  in.  pots 
from  35/-  per  dozen,  carriage  extra. 

A  L  L\A/  O  O  D  I  I 

The  new  hardy  plant— h.ilf  Pink  and  half  Carnation— gi-ows 
anywhere  and  flowers  perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter. 
The  gre.Ttest  addition  to  Horticulture  for  a  decade.  We  have 
now  limited  stocks  of  pr.ictically  all  varieties,  and  can  offer 
the  undermentioned  collections  at  carriage  and  packing  paid 
prices  for  cash : 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  Distinct  Varieties  111- 

..    2b.— 9         ..  ..  (Including  novelties)  23/6 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET,    Od.    post    free. 

WtaeD  yoD  tbink  of  Carnalions  you  tbink  of 


The  leaain:  C»rn>tion  Riutert  and  Specialiiti  in  the  World.  Dept.  4. 

aAYWARDS       HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


SPECIALITE. 


J.4PANESE  MAPLES 

CAMELLIAS  HYDRANGEAS 

MAGNOLIAS  AZALEAS 

(Carriage  Paid.) 

Gauntlett  &  Co.,   Ltd.. 
Japanese  Nurseries.  Chiddingfold.  Surrey. 


TWO     GOOD     NOVELTIES 


NEW  GERANIUM:   FLAME 

A  hybrid  with  beautiful  flame  coloured  iilooms,  with  fringed 
petals  whch  give  ihem  a  good  appearance.  This  variety  was 
distributed  by  us  last  yesr  fur  the  first  time.  The  flowers 
last  well  when  cut.  anJ  hang  on  the  plants  in  good  condition 

for  some  days.  _  .         

Price    3/6    each. 

NEW  GIANT  WHITE  BROMPTON  OR  WINTER 
STOCK. 

This  grand  novelty  is  a  most  desirable  and  beautiful 
acqui-^ition,  equally  for  florists'  designs  and  the  amateur 
gardener,  on  account  of  its  pure  whiteness,  and  ff  the 
individual  blooms,  the  size  of  many  being  quite  one  and  a 
half  inches  across,  which  shimmer  in  the  sunlight  like  driven 
snow.  A  bed  or  border  of  these  plants  makes  a  most 
attractive  display  in  the  Hower  garden,  and  as  pot  plants  for 
early  flowering  they  will  prove  of  sterling  value,  retaining 
their  freshness  and  beauty  for  a  prolonged  period  after  the 
ordinary  type  of  s'ock  has  finished  fl  'wering. 

Price  1/-  per  packet.     Per  Post,  1 /2. 

JARMAN&Co..  ^:z:r^'  CHARD 


HI  f/^^II?Q  gu.Ti-antees  the  plants 
.  «l.  0\-fV^tL,;3    ^.pfered     below    to    be 

extra  good  and  true  to  name  and    will    send   them 

box,  packing  and  carriage  free  for  cash  with  order. 

BEGONIAS— I'i  very  fine  double,  mixed  CDlours,  7/6.  12  very 
fine  single,  mi.xed  colours.  7/6. 

CARNATIONS,  Perpetnal— li  granJ  varieties,  16/6. 

DAHLIAS.  CaclDS,  Show.  Poms,  Decoralive.  P»ony. 
Collarette.  Single  aod  Stars,  all  at  8/-  per  dozen. 

FCCBSIAS- 12  very  fine  new  French  varieties,  10/6.  12  very 
fine  \-arieties.  single  anJ  doub  e,  6/- 

GEBANIUMS,  Zonals,  single:  ihe  Grand  New  Ship  Set 
(Raised  by  .Mrs.  H.J.Jones)  12  clorious  kinds  30/-.  12 
tine  new  kinds.  12/-.  12  very  fine  kinds,  general  col- 
lection. 7,6.  Semi-Double  12  grand  new  French  kinds 
for  12/-.  Semi-Double,  general  collection  12  extra  fine. 
7/6.     Doubles,  12  very  fine  kinds,  7/6. 

GLOXINIAS,  12  extra  fine  named  varie  ies.  10/S.  12  very  fine 
mixed  colours,  7,6. 

MONTBBETIA,  12  grand  Earlbam  Hybrids,  10/- 

MICHAELMAS  DAIRIES,  12  very  fine  new  kinds 

PHLOX.  12  very  fine  kinds.  10/6. 

PINK  AllHOodii.  4  btst  variet  es  for  5/-.    PINK  Glory,  the 

RYECROFT  NURSERIES,  LEWISHAM,  S.E.13. 


10/6. 


June  iS,   1921.] 


GARDEN. 


WEBBS'    CHOICE     FLOWER     SEEDS    for 

Present  sowins.  Webbs*  Universal  Wallflower,  mixed,  Webbs* 
Kinvcr  Favourite  WaUflower.  Wtbbs'  Canary  Bird  Wallflower. 
Webbs'  Invincible  Sweet  William  mixed.  Webbs'  Diadem 
Aquilegria,  mixrd.  Each  8d.  and  1/-  per  packet.  Wfbbs' 
Supreme  Antirrhinum,  mixed.  6d.  and  1/-  per  pkt.  Webbs' 
Diamond  Pansy,  mixed,  1/6  per  pkt.  Webbs'  Imperial 
Canterbury  Bell.  8d.  per  pk-t.  WEBB  &  SONS,  Ltd.,  the 
King's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DEONS,  Ataleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Chinese  subject-s.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants, 
Pereimial  Irises,  etc. — John  Wateree,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd., 
Bagshot,  Surrey,  Twyford,  Berks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE   PAINTING   AND    GLAZING 

—••  VITRO LITK  ••  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastlne,"  supersedes  Putty,  36/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.  7-Ib.  tins,  3/«  each ;  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
— Full  particulars  from  Walter  Cabson  &  SONS,  Grove  Works, 
BatterBea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 

RARE    SHRUBS,   including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rhododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown),  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  lor  Catalogues,  G.  Rehthe,  Eeston, 
Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED   HOP  MANURE. 

— The    only    reliable    and    complete    eubstltute    (or    Stable 
manure.     See  advert,  on  p.  viii. 


WM.   DUNCAN    TUCKER    &  SONS,   LTD., 

Lawrence    Road.    South    Tottenham,    N.15.  —  Conservatories, 
WinttT  Gardens,  Vineries,  Peach  Houses.  Portable  Buildings,  &c. 


SCOTCH    SEED    POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4/ 

per  stone ;  Express,  5/- ;  Duke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlothian 
Earlv,  6/- ;  Kerr's  Pink,  4/- ;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3/6 ;  Arran 
Comrade,  4/6  ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  vn,  3/6  ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Early,  4/6;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  eto. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— TILLIE,  Whytk  &  Co.,  12,  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.    Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  pertect  garden 
Insecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/- ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  MODOUOALL  Bros.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Man- 
chester.   Established  1845. 


NETTING,    for   protecting    fruit    and    seeds 

from  ravasfs  of  birds  ;  small  mesh.  40  yd^.  ionj;,  1  yd.  widf. 
5s.  6d. ;  40  bv  2.  lis. ;  40  by  3,  16s.  6d.  40  by  4.  22s.  ;  40  by 
5,  273.  6d. ;  40  by  6.  33s. 


STOUT    STRONG    NETS    for    tennis    court 

bordering,  with  lines  top  and  bottom.  25  yds.  long,  2  yd.s.  wide. 
25s. ;  25  by  3,  323. ;  25  by  4.  50s.  Odd  pieces  of  Netting  for 
Bush  work,  etc..  4s.  bundle.  All  sent  carriage  paid. — 
H.  Robinson  &  Co.,  Net  Works,  Rye,  Sussex. 


STORING     VEGETABLES     AND     FRUITS  ; 

with  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
Fire."  By  Hkebeet  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Qardtn).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTET  LITE," 
Ltd,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


FRUIT     GROWING     FOR     BEGINNERS.— 

By  F.  W.  Haetit.  140  pages.  40  illustrstlons.  2/6  net; 
cloth  3/6  net ;  postage  4d.  extra. — Published  at  the  offices 
of  "  Country  Lite,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  CoTsnt 
Garden,  W.C.2, 


DUCKS,      GEESE      AND     TURKEYS,     by 

Will  Hoolet,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S.A.— A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
on  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
Turkeys,  will  bo  sent. post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
to  The  Manager,  "  Couktky  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE     HARDY      FLOWER      BOOK.  —  By 

E.  H.  Jenkins.  The  second  edition  of  this  practical  and 
beautifully  illustrated  book  is  now  on  sale,  price  3/6  net,  by  post 
SflO.  An  illustrated  prospectus  sent  post  free  on  application  to 
The  Btanager,  "  Countet  Lipb,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  St.,  W.C.2 


BARR'S  FLOWER   &   VEGETABLE   SEED 

FOR  JUNE  SOWING.— Finest  selected  strains  and  tested 
growth.  Descriptive  list  free. — B.iKB  &  Sons.  11,  12  &  13. 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C.2. 


THE    DOUGLAS   CLOVES.— Our    wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.  —  J.  Douolas,  Great 
Bookham. 


JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,   Builders    of  Conser- 

vatories,  Greenhouses,  etc.,  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools;  a  perfect  fertiliser; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beaitie,  S.^Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND    WIRE   FENCING   for   gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  <fe  PAUL,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pinta,  1/9 ;  quarts,  3/- ; 
i-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  6-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  Manufacturers  :  MoDouQALL 
BEOS.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.    Established  1846. 


RIVERS'    FRUIT    TREES,   ROSES,  VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  Invited.  Price  list ,  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Kr»EE8  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

PAVING. — Crazy     and     Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens.  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  In  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — HoDSON  &  SON,  68,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham, 

J.    WOOD,    Garden    Architect.  —  Rock    and 

Water  Gardens,  Walls  and  Formal  Gardens. — 56,  Fitzroy  Street, 
London.  W.l,  and  at  Leeds. 


TENNIS  COURT   BOUNDARY  NETTING.— 

Fitted  with  strong  lines.  525yds.  by  2yds.,  20/- ;  25yds.  by  3yds. 
26/- ;  25yds.  by  4yds.,  34/-. — Hawthoen,  Dept.  B,  Shrewsbury. 


LAXTON'S    STRAWBERRIES.  — Pot   plants 

and  open  ground  runners  of  all  the  best  new  varieties  and  the 
old  favourites  can  now  be  booked  for  early  delivery.  Catalogues 
gratis  on  application. — Laxton  Brothers.  B'dford. 


FRENCH      HOUSEHOLD      COOKING.       By 

JIBS.  Frances  Ketzee.  2/- ;  in  cloth,  3/- ;  postage  4d. 
extra.  The  fourth  edition  of  this  strildngly  successful  little 
book  contains  special  chapters  on  Evening  Meals  and  Vegetarian 
Menus  which  will  be  eagerly  welcomed  by  all  housekeepers. 
PubUshed  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Lite,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 

«  ONE   IS    NEARER  GOD'S  HEART   IN   A 

G.A.RDEN."  The  author  of  these  oft^quoted  lines  is  Dorothy 
Frances  GtmNEY.  and  the  poem  is  to  be  found  in  a  collection 
of  her  verses  pubUshed  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Life  " 
(6/3  net).  A  itrospectus  of  the  volume  will  be  sent  free  on 
application  to  THE  JlANAGER,  20.  Tavistock  Street.  W.C.2. 


SWEET   WILLIAMS. 

These  beautiful  flowi-rs  are  now  at  their  best,  and  remind  us 
that  provision  should  at  once  be  made  for  next  season's 
requirements. 

We  recommend  flower  lovers  to  try  the  following  colour 
scheme  : — Centre,  Giant  White,  then  Pink,  and  finish  off  with 
a  band  of  Scarlet.  The  eflfect  will  be  found  most  pleasing  and 
quite  unlike  the  old-fasliioned  Sweet  Williams. 

Sutton's  Giant  \Miite,  per  packet.  Is.  6d. 

Sutton's  Scarlet,  per  packet,  2s.  6d.  &  Is.  6d. 

Sutton's  Pink  Beauty,  per  packet.  2s.  6d.  &  Is.  6d. 
SUTTON  &   SONS,  THE    KING'S  SEEDSMEN,   HEADING. 


CUT    FLOWERS.  — KELWAY'S    LOVELY 

P.^ONIES.  Wf  can  now  supply  thes3  glorious  flowers  in  an 
endless  variety  of  lovely  tints.  The  flower  '"par  excellence* 
for  home,  ballroom  and  church  decoration.  Prices.  Gs.  per  doz. 
Selected,  9s.  doz.  Ca^h  with  order.  Post  free, — Write  imme- 
diately to  The  Retail  Plant  Dept.,  Kelwat&  Son,  Langport. 
Somerset, 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD,,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardenlig 
Free,  also,  If  wanted,  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


sow  NOW— BATH'S   EMPRESS   PANSIES, 

as  grown  for  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Frogmore.  The  richest  and 
largest  flowering  strain  of  Pansies  extant.  Per  packet  2/6  and 
1/6  post  free  for  cash  with  order.  E.  H.  BilH,  Ltd..  (Dept.  B.), 
The  Floral  Farms.  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND  ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 

WALLACE'S       RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.      List  free.— E.   WALLACE  &  Co.,   Ltd.,  The  Old 
Gardens,  Tnnbrldge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DLALS,     NESTING     BOXES.      Catalogue    (No.    4)    free.— 
MOORTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


THE   GARDENS    OF  ITALY.— New  Edition 

Edited  bv  ARTHtJR  T.  Bolton.  F.S.A.,  with  nearly  500  superb 
illustrations ;  03/-  net.  Full  particulars  of  this  beautiful 
volume  will  be  sent  on  application  to  The  Manager.  "  Country 
Life  "  Offices.  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  CULTURE  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— 

By  H.  Wells.  Freely  illustrated.  Paper  covers,  2/6  net : 
cloth.  3/6  net :  bv  post  4d.  extra.  Published  at  the  Offices 
of  ■■  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  W.C.2. 


GARDEN      NETTING.  —  Prompt      delivery. 

50yds.  bv  4vds.,  16/6;  25yds.  by  Syds.,  17/6.  STOUT  NEW 
NETTING  (Tanned),  25yds.  by  4yds.,  29/6 :  SOyds.  by  4yds, 
56/9.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also  Tennis  Boundary  Neta. — 
Thb  Gourock  Ropework  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS     SPECIALITY  —  List 

free. — TERRY  LEE,  16,  Morden  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 

FOR  SALE — 2  doz.  Nerine  Fothergilli  .Major  ; 

2  doz.  N.  Bowdeni.    Top  size  bulbs.     The  lot  50/-    carriage 
paid.     Cash  witli  order. — Fcnnell.  West  Street,  Dorking. 


GARDEN    NETS,    tanned,   small    mesh,   for 

strawbfrry  and  fruit  protection,  30  yards  long,  1  yard  wide , 
5/- ;  30  bv  2,  10/- ;  30  by  3,  16/- ;  30  by  4,  21/-,  carriage  paid 
— A.  SiMjis,  Netting  Works,  Rye. 


mON       FENCING,       GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes,  Wire-netting, 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Railing,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Cormgated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preservation  of  Ironwork 
etc.     Catalogue  free.— HnJ.  A  Smith,  Ltd.,  Brierley  Hill. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKB 

THE  MOST  OF  IT.  A  new  and  practical  booklet  by  the  lat* 
W  TECEIOVE.  9d.  net ;  by  post,  lid.  Published  at  tb« 
Offices  of  ■•  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  CoTent 
Garden,  W.C.2  


THE    ROCK    GARDEN.— Now    Ready,    the 

2nd  Edition  of  this  popular  book  by  E.  H.  Jenkins,  7/8  n«t, 
by  post  8/-.  Beautifully  lllusttated.  Published  at  th« 
offices  of  "CoCNTEY  hat,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Str««t, 
C«v«nt  Garden,  W.C.2. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

A  thoroughly   practical  and   well-illustrated   book  on  these 

beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laoeence  J.  COOK, 
Is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  la 
published  at  the  offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20, 
Tavistock  Street,   Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


HOME-BREWED     WINES     AND     UNFER- 

MENTED  BEVERAGES  for  all  seasons  of  the  year.  By 
Anne  Ahateue.  A  helpful  booklet  containing  also  recipes  for 
invalid  drinks,  and  published  at  9d,,  post  free  lid.,  at  the  offices 
af  "  Cocntey  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  W.C.2. 


GARDENS    OLD    AND    NEW.       Edited    by 

H.  ATRAY  TlPPiNO,  M.A..  F.S.A.  Only  a  few  copies  remain 
of  these  rare  and  beautiful  volume*:  £2  12/6  net  each. 
PubUshed  at  th«  Offices  of "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavlttock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


IV. 


THE    GARDEN. 


[June  i8,   1921. 


giumiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ 

I  RYDERS  SEEDS  | 

=  ^^^  = 

I  SOWING    NOW  { 

=  Amongst    an    enormous    number   of  E 

=  other  seeds,  all  in  6d.  packets,  Ryders  = 

=  offer  38  distinct  Campanulas,  includ-  = 

=  ing  Carpatica  White  Star  ;    Cordata  = 

=  Alba  ;  Garganica  hirsuta  ;  Glomerata  E 

=  dahurica  ;  Lactiflora  soldan-eliflora  ;  E 

=  Latifolia   versicolor ;    Linifolia ;    Ma-  E 

=  crantha ;      Raddeana :       Saxifraga ;  = 

E  Thyrsoides ;      Turbinata     vera     and  E 

E  Valdensis.  E 

E  29   Dianthus,    including    Atkinsonii  ;  = 

=  Caesius     veris ;        Carthusianorum ;  = 

E  Deltoides  alba ;     Glutinosus :     Hun-  e 

=  garicus,     Hybridus    (mixed    alpine)  ;  E 

=  Montanus ;     Sequirei ;     Sternbergii  ;  E 

E  and  Zonatus.  E 

=  TREE      AND      SHRUB      SEEDS.  p 

E  Write    for    particulars.  = 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  I 

E  FROM      RYDERS.  ^ 

E  Seeds,    Bulbs,   Planls,    Tools   and    all    Garden  zr 

^  Sundries  of  the  Best  Quality  at  Lowest   Prices.  ^ 

^  Lists  Free.  -zi 


I    RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS    ! 

3  (Ryder  &  Son  (19201,  Ltd.)  '- 

lllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllf 


The      Best     Remedy 

for  

Green       Fly 

American  Blight  (Woolly 
Aphis),  etc.,  and  Mildew  on 
roses  and  other  plants  is  Abol 
Non-poisonous  Insecticide. 

Abol 

also  invigorates  the  plant,  and 
leaves  the  foliage  beautifully  clean 
and  fresh. 

Used  in  the  Royal  Gardens, 
i  pt.,  1/5;  pt.,2/5;  qt.,  4/-; 
I    gall.,    6/6;     gall.,     11/4. 

Abol  Insecticide  and  Patent 
Syringes  (specially  recommended 
by  the  National  Rose  Society)  are 
sold  by  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen, 
etc.,  and  made  by  Abol  Limited, 
9,   Beltring,   Paddock  Wood,   Kent. 

A  guide  to  garden  pests  will  be 
sent  to  anyone  gratis  and  post  free. 


A  Booklet  contain- 
Ing  the  meet 
Reliable  Oar  den 
Requiaitee    lor    the 


(( 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


n 


Successful  Cultlva- 
tlon  of  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
tables   (post    treei. 


A1 


FUMIGATING 

(Poison) 

COMPOUND 


Kills  Mealy  Bug, 
Red  Spider,  and  all 
other  Greenhouse 
Pests.    No  trouble. 


No  risk. 
Price:    I  Pint  Can,  25/-  each. 
Sufficient  Compound  For  40,000  cubic  feet. 

i  AU/N  <lANn  The  Celebrated  Eclipse  Weed 
LHnn  OHHU  ,^j|[g^  fQ^  Lawns,  and  Valu- 
»  •  mw    ■!■■  I  m  able  Fertiliser. 

DAISY  KILLER     phccs: 

31/6  cwt..  1  7/-  ^-cwt..  9/-  281bs.     Bags  free. 

FFNPINfi  Large  stocks  of  Simplex  Chestnut 
rLllUlliU   Fencing.  Quotations      for      any 

quantity.  Also  for  Iron  and  Wire  Fencing. 
Write  for  List  of  most  economical  and  durable  styles 


BEE  HIVES  & 
ACCESSORIES 


All  in  Stock.  The  Improved  Taplow 
W.B.C.  Hive  complete  for  56,6. 
Unbeatable  value.  Constructed 
from  selected  stout  timbers.  An 
absolutely  dry  hive. 

BEES    and    QUEENS.      Selected   Stocks  and  Swarms. 

Prices  on  application. 

"VFITHA"     Destroyer        of      all       Fungoid 
•^^'"'**         Diseases    attacking     the     Plant 
through  thp  Soil.        Prices: 
Emulsion,    15/-  a  gall.;    Powder,  1  8/-  J-cwt. 

CARRIAGE  PAID  ON  ORDERS  £1    AND  UPWARDS 


RHINOHIDE   HOSE 


WILL  LAST  20  YEARS.       GUARANTEED  10  YEARS. 
WORTH  TWICE   AS    IVIUCH   AS  CHEAP   HOSE. 
3-PLY   BETTER  THAN  ARIVIOURED   HOSE.    , 

PRICES  60ft.      ^.--'^''"■"S-^.^         LENGTHS 

CARR  PAID 

Per 

Pass. 

Train 


^in.        lin. 

2/4        3/-  per  ft. 


W"<WOOD&SON'" 


TELE 


ILATE     OF     WOOD     GREEN) 
PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
GRAMS     "  GARDENING,     TAPLOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


Notes   From   Maidstone- 


PUNCH  "  IN   THE 
GARDEN. 


The  sprii^htly  pen  of 
"  Evoe"  in  last  week's 
' '  Punch  "  dealt  with  various 
pests  of  the  garden,  includ- 
ing the  visitor  who  always 
points  out  diseases,  and 
other  unpleasant  things. 

"Come  and  look  at  this 
apple  tree  !  ' ' 

I  came  and  found  the 
1 1  link  covered  with  a  kind  of 
white  wool,  like  whiskers. 

"  That' s  American 
Blight,"  he  told  me. 

"  What  ought  I  to  do."  I 
asked,  "  write  to  the  Foreign 
Office  about  it  ?  " 

A  more  rapid  cure  is,  we 
suggest,  a  bottle  of  our 
Blight  Cure,  which  we  can 
send,  post  free  for  1  (juart, 
■>'-:  i  gallon,  7jG.  Brushei 
for  applying  sams,  9d.  each. 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


Flower    See.ls   for     sowing    in 
June :— 

ANEMONE,  St.  Brigid,  every 
fine  strain,  6d.  packet 
'aQUILEGIA,   Pearson's  long- 
spurred  strain,   very  fine,   6<i. 
and  1j- 

A  U  BR  I  E  T  I  A,     new    large 
flowerid  liybrids,  6d. 
AURICULA     ALPINE   finest 
mixed,  6d. 

CALCEOLARIA  {Greenhouse), 
finest  strain,  1  jG  and  2j6. 
CINERARIA,    large   flowered 
and  Stellata,  IjG  and  2l6. 
CYCLAMEN,    Giant   fid.,    Ije 
&  216. 

DELPHINIUM,  finest  mixed. 
6d. 

GAILLARDIA,  fine  perennial 
for  cutting.  6d. 

GYPSOPHILA  paniculata 

compacta,  3d. 
HOLLYHOCK,  single.  6d. 

,,  double,  ?/- 

LUPINUS       arboreus      Snozv 
Oueen,  fine  tree  Lupin,  6d. 
LUPINUS     POLYPHYLLUS, 
blue  and  white  hardy  per  nnial, 
each  3d  per  packet. 
MYOSOTIS  (Forget-me-not)  in 
var.,  3J .  to  ?/-. 
PANSIES,  in  var.,  6d.  to  //-. 
POPPIES,  perennial,  3d.  to  //-. 

JR.  Pearson  &Sons,  Ltd., 
Lowdham, 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


•'^'^' 


■d(^^m^m.. 


No.  2587.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[June  18,  1921. 


THE  first  fortnightly  meeting  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  after  the 
great  Chelsea  Show  took  place  at  West- 
minster on  Tuesday,  the  7th,  but  with 
a  difference !  Well  attended  as  these 
meetings  are,  there  is  still  room  for  more  visitors, 
and  those  who  have  opportunity  of  going  to  Vincent 
Square  and  fail  to  accept  it,  rob  themselves 
of  a  great  deal  of  delight  and  help.  Oppor- 
tunity is  afforded  of  looking  at  not  only  the  new 
or  rare  plant,  but  at  more  common — but  not 
less  beautiful — examples  which  find  their  way 
there  from  the  great  nurseries  of  the  country. 
We  recommend  all  who  may  wish  to  see  how 
their  gardens  can  be  improved  by  the  introduction 
of  good  varieties,  and  who  desire  to  see  how  these 
plants  can  be  grown,  to  make  it  their  business  to 
visit  Vincent  Square  periodically.  But  it  is  wise 
to  be  ready  to  ask  questions  of  exhibitors  ! 

Lime  and  the  Bearded  Iris. — .\t  the  Iris 
Conference  which  took  place  last  week  a  number 
of  points  relating  to  the  successful  cultivation  of 
the  Bearded  Irises  came  under  discussion.  A 
few  of  them  should  be  referred  to  for  the 
general  good.  It  is  well  known  that  lime  is 
essential  to  the  well-being  of  these  Irises.  Practi- 
cally all  the  species  are  found  growing  on  limestone 
formations.  It  was  pointed  out  by  Mr.  W.  R, 
Dykes  that  the  bacteria 
which  are  responsible 
for  the  rot  disease  of 
the  rhizomes  multiply 
amazingly  in  lime,  and 
consequently  if  there  is 
evidence  of  this  trouble 
ordinary  lime  should 
not  be  applied  to  the 
surface  of  the  beds. 
Superphosphate  of  lime, 
on  the  other  hand,  is 
fatal  to  these  bacteria, 
and  a  top-dressing  will 
generally  stop  the  mis- 
chief. If  the  plants  are 
badly  attacked  it  is 
recommended  that  thev 
should  be  taken  up,  all 
the  affected  parts  cut 
right  away  the  cut  por- 
tions being  rubbed  with 
superphosphate,  and 
the  plants  given  a  fresh 
site.  Irises  will  not 
flourish  in  a  waterlogged 
position.  If  the  soil  is 
heavy  the  beds  should 
be  elevated  above  the 
normal  level  or  even 
thrown  up  in  banks  so 
that    efficient   drainage 


is  secured.  The  best  time  for  planting  is  shortly 
after  flowering,  July  perhaps  being  the  safest 
month,  as  new  roots  are  then  being  emitted. 
The  plants  are  thus  able  to  take  firm  hold  of  their 
new  quarters  before  winter. 

Rhododendron  Sunday. — .AH  the  world  and 
his  wife  knows  of  Chestnut  Sunday.  But  it  is 
not  so  generally  known  that  there  is  a  movement 
to  institute  a  Rhododendron  Sunday — indeed, 
that  last  Sunday  was  the  first  of  what  we  hope 
will  become  as  well  established  in  the  mind  of  the 
public  as  the  older  institution  in  Bushey  Park. 
Kew  Gardens  should  be  the  chosen  centre,  and 
what  more  delightful  spot  could  be  imagined 
than  the  famous  dell  there  early  in  June.  The 
general  public  as  distinct  from  the  garden-loving 
public  does  not  go  to  Kew  as  frequently  as  could 
be  desired.  Indeed,  it  can  be  conjectured  that 
the  vast  majority  has  never  been  there.  We  are 
therefore  glad  of  any  excuse  which  wUl  draw 
people  to  a  place  from  which  they  cannot  fail  to 
benefit  and  through  which  they  may  learn  to 
love  what  every  reader  of  this  paper  has  at 
heart. 

The  Gardens  of  Two  Governors. — Lord  Byng 
of  Vimy  is  Governor-Designate  of  Canada  in 
succession  to  the  Duke  of  Devonshire.  The  one 
leaves  the  delights  of  the  informal  garden  created 


BY    THE    LAKE-SIDE    AT    THORPE    HALL 


out  of  chaos  by  Lady  Byng,  and  the  other  returns 
to  the  glories  of  Chatsworth,  famous  through 
centuries.  Could  greater  difference  be  found 
between  the  gardens  which  complete  and  beautify 
the  homes  of  these  two  great  men  ?  Each  has  its 
own  peciiliar  attraction  ;  each  can  be  taken  as 
an  example,  and  the  two  point  the  moral  that 
there  is  joy  in  all  forms  of  gardening.  The  gardens 
of  Thorpe  Hall  have  been  made  during  the  past 
six  years.  Good  and  wise  use  was  made  of 
existing,  but  sadly  neglected  foundations,  and 
to-day  the  whole  makes  a  very  different  picture 
from  that  presented  to  Lady  Byng  when  she 
entered  into  possession.  Good  use  has  been  made 
of  the  lake,  the  overflow  from  which  is  used  to 
supply  several  ponds  and  has  given  further 
garderdng  opportunities.  Our  illustration  is  of 
a  Gunnera  manicata  by  the  lake-side. 

A  Champion  for  Iris  Clematis. — A  recent 
note  has  provoked  a  vigorous  champion  to  defend 
Iris  Clematis  and  the  hybridist.  We  hope  others 
will  enter  the  lists,  and  that  they  will  not  all  be 
on  one  side!  It  is  very  remote  from  our  wish 
to  belittle  the  labours  of  the  patient  and  pains- 
taking workers  to  whom  garden-lovers  owe  heavy 
debts ;  but  it  must  be  conceded  that  they  do  not 
always  realise  their  own  ambitions,  any  more  than 
they  invariably  please  the  taste  of  all  and  sundry 
even  when  they  pro- 
duce  what  is  evidently 
satisfactory  to  them- 
selves But  where  taste 
is  concerned  who  shall 
be  the  final  judge  ? 
.\nyhow  we  think  an  in- 
teresting  discussion 
should  follow  our  corres- 
pondent's  valiant  de- 
fence of  the  criticised 
Iris. 

FORTHCOMING 
EVENTS. 

June  2r.  —  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's 
Fortnightly  Meeting 
( t  wo  days) .  Lecture 
at  s  p.m.  on  the  first 
day  by  Mr.  E.  J. 
Holland  on  "  Scented 
Roses." 

June  22. — Southamp- 
ton Royal  Horticultural 
Society's  Rose  Show. 
Croydon  Horticultural 
Society's  .■Annual  Show. 

June  2).  —  City  of 
London  Rose  Society's 
Annual  Show  at  the 
Cannon  Street  Hotel. 


302 


THE    GARDEN. 


[June  i8,  1921. 


The  Better  Grouping  of  Rhododendrons 

Good  Management  is  Necessary  even  with  a  Shrub  which  Asks  Less  Attention 
than  Most.      Given  this,  Success  is  Assured. 


OF  all  the  many  beautiful  flowering 
1  shrubs  at  present  cultivated  in  this 
I  country,  the  Rhododendron  family 
probably  attracts  the  greatest  atten- 
tion. Chelsea  and  the  fortnightly 
meetings  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  have 
shown  us  progressively  that  a  well  flowered 
Rhododendron  is  a  truly  magnificent  sight.  It 
is  unfortunate  that  in  far  too  many  cases  their 
beauty  is  largely  discounted  by  the  indiscriminate 
massing  together  of  various  colours  and  because 
too  little  attention  is  given  to  ensure  a  sufficiency 
of  space  for  proper  development,  resulting  in 
monotonous  and  depressing  jungles  without 
form. 

Few  flowering  shrubs  associate  more  kindly  with 
water,  but  here  again  jungle  likeness  too  often 
spoils  the  eflect.  It  is  common  to  find  a  small  pond 
surrounded  by  an  impenetrable  mass  of  Rhodo- 
dendrons, all  struggling  to  find  light  and  with  a 
circular  island  in  a  similar  condition  in  the  middle. 
Unfortunately  this  gives  a  totally  wrong  impression 
of  these  magnificent  shrubs. 

How  different  is  tlie  story  in  the  accompanying 
Uustration  !  Here,  from  the  far  side  of  the  lake, 
ihe  Rhododendrons  give  a  bold  and  splendid 
tplash   of   colour,    contrasting   perfectly   with    the 


delicate  greenery  of  the  tree  foliage  and  adding 
very  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the  composition.  A 
closer  view  shows  that  the  form  of  the  shrubs 
themselves  has  not  been  lost  and  that  they  are 
admirable  either  as  the  foreground  or  background 
to  the  picture. 

It  is  difficult  to  understand  why  so  many 
Rhododendron  plantations  have  been  allowed  to 
become  jungles.  Owing  to  their  root  growth  being 
shallow  and  close,  there  is  probably  no  shrub  which 
can  be  transplanted  more  easily.  Rhododendrons 
may  be  moved  at  any  time  between  September  and 
April,  and  if  reasonable  precautions  are  taken, 
there  should  be  no  losses.  Whenever,  therefore, 
they  show  a  tendency  to  grow  into  one  another 
there  should  be  no  hesitation  in  taking  them  up 
and  placing  them  ehewhere.  If  this  is  properly 
attended  to,  glorious  colour  groupings  can 
be  made  and  the  shrub's  true  beauty  of  form 
retained. 

Most  Rhododendrons  are  lovers  of  at  least  partial 
shade,  and  where  possible  this  should  be  considered 
in  chosing  their  positions.  With  full  exposure  to 
strong  sun  the  flowers  quickly  fade,  and  more  es- 
pecially if  the  bushes  are  smaU,  which,  because  their 
roots  are  close  to  the  surface,  suffer  considerable 
damage.    This  can  he  avoided,  however,  to  a  great 


extent  by  placing  a  mulch  of  leaf  mould  over  the 
roots;  or.  if  this  is  not  available,  a  foot-deep  layer  of 
hard  wood  leaves  will  do  all  that  is  necessary  for 
root  shading  and  will  at  the  same  time  give  the 
Rhododendron  its  favourite  food. 

Overflowering  must  also  be  guarded  against, 
resulting  as  it  does  la  bad  health  and  poor  trusses  of 
small  flowers.  It  is  astonishing  what  a  difference 
a  few  flower  buds  removed  in  early  spring  will 
make.  In  the  majority  of  cases  they  are 
easily  distinguishable,  being  fatter  and  not  so 
tapered  at  their  bases  as  growth  buds.  The 
withered  flowers  also  should  be  removed  at  the 
earliest  possible  moment  to  save  exhaustion  from 
seeding. 

Probably  Rhododendrons  require  less  looking 
after  than  any  other  shrub  or  plant,  but  if  it 
were  always  remembered  that  they  do  require 
occasional  attention,  a  very  different  picture  would 
be  presented  than  is  to-day  seen  in  the  vast  majority 
of  places  where  they  are  grown. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  these  remarks 
refer  to  what  are  commonly  known  as  hardy 
hybrids,  which  the  amateur  will  do  well  to  study 
and  practise  on  before  turning  his  attention  to 
the  delights  and  disappointments  of  the  species 
and  their  more  delicate   children.  J.   B.  S. 


EFFECTIVE    WATERSIDE    PLANTING. 


June  i8,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


303 


The  After  Care  of  Recently 
Planted  Fruit  Trees 

I  SUPPOSE  there  bas  scarcely  been  a  time 
in  the  history  of  our  country  in  which  so 
many  fruit  trees  have  been  planted  in  the 
space  of  a  few  short  years  as  has  been  the 
case  since  the  war  ended.  This  is  all  to  the 
good,  and  the  best  of  all  evidence,  because  it  is  a 
practical  one,  that  we  are  at  long  last  convinced  as 
a  nation  of  the  fact  that  an  abundant  harvest  of 
home-grown  hardy  fruit  is  one  of  the  greatest 
blessings  we  can  enjoy  and  work  for. 

Planting  a  tree  is  one  thing,  and  success  in  its 
future  growth  is  another.  In  my  younger  days, 
seventeen  years  of  my  life  were  spent  in  a  garden 
in  Staffordshire  (Drayton  Manor).  It  was  then  a 
tradition  among  many  old  gardeners  in  that 
county  that  there  was  a  dead  and  a  live  hand  in 
planting,  not  only  fruit  trees,  but  plants  and  trees 
generally.  There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind  as  to  there 
being  a  modicum  of  truth,  at  any  rate,  in  such 
tradition.  But  the  truth  does  not  lie  in  the  fact 
that  some  men  and  women  are  bom  with  this 
disability,  but  points  rather  to  the  fact  that  the 
dead  hands  have  no  special  love  for  the  trees  they 
plant,  or  aptitude  for  their  planting,  and  therefore 
do  not  devote  the  time  and  labour  required  in 
preparing  the  soil,  or  in  the  act  of  planting 
itself.  Let  us  hope  that  most  of  the  trees  planted 
of  late  have  been  planted  by  live  hands,  and  that 
the  same  care  will  be  devoted  to  their  service  for 
the  ne.xt  few  years,  until  the  roots  of  the  trees 
have  taken  a  firm  anchorage  of  the  soil. 

Fruit  trees  planted  during  the  past  winter  and 
spring  have  been  subjected  to  more  than  usually 
trying  times.  Since  February  we  have  had  a 
remarkable  spell  of  warm,  and  on  the  whole,  dry 
weather.  These  conditions  will  prove  favourable  to 
those  trees  planted  by  live  hands,  because  the  soil, 
through  foresight  before  planting,  will  be  in  that 
condition  of  readiness  to  receive  the  immense 
number  of  young  surface-feeding  roots  which  will 
have  been  formed  early  in  spring,  consequent  on 
the  abnormal  warmth.  The  live  planter  invariably 
finishes  his  planting  by  adding  a  mulching  of  well 
rotted  manure,  4ins.  deep,  over  the  surface  of  the 
soil  as  far  as  the  roots  extend.  Whether  it  is  a 
sound  policy  to  apply  this  manure  in  early  winter, 
or  in  winter  at  all,  is  a  debatable  question, 
because  it  is  doubtful  whether  roots,  being 
dormant  in  winter,  have  the  power  to  absorb  and 
to  assimilate  such  nutriment  at  that  time,  but 
rather  that  much  of  the  essence  of  the  manure  is 
washed  through  the  soil  into  the  drains  and  wasted. 
Be  this  as  it  may,  there  is  no  question  about  the 
usefulness  or  value  of  such  a  dressing  of  manure  in 
spring  or  early  summer,  not  only  in  keeping 
the  soil  humid  about  the  roots,  but  also  useful  in 
providing  sustaining  food  for  the  large  number  of 
new  surface-feeding  roots  formed  at  that  time. 
Trees  planted  under  unfavourable  conditions  or 
by  indifferent  planters,  lacking  knowledge  in  tlie 
art  of  planting,  are  like  human  beings  in  that  they 
reseat  being  roughly  and  unkindly  treated.  They 
cannot  articulately  tell  us  so,  but  they  find  a 
way  equally  as  effective  by  disappointing  our 
expectations  in  their  growth   and  fertility. 

Standard  trees  are  more  liable  to  injury  from 
faulty  planting  than  are  trees  of  lower  growth, 
because  of  their  long  stems  being  fully  exposed  to 
absorption  of  sap  from  their  tissues  by  sunheat  in 
the  absence  of  a  free  circulation  on  account  of 
feeble  root  action.  The  result  of  this  is  to  be 
found  in  the  poor  expansion  of  the  stems  of  the 
trees,  the  thinness  and  yellow  grey  colouring  of 
the  bark,  and  in  the  apologetic  and  miserable 
appearance  of  the  trees. 


If  steps  for  the  restoration  of  the  health  of  such 
trees  are  tal<en  in  time  (that  means  now,  or  as  soon 
as  the  work  can  be  seen  to),  there  is  hope  for  their 
recovery.  Nature,  if  helped  in  the  right  way,  can 
do  wonders  in  this  respect.  Let  us  find  the  cause  of 
theh  ill-health,  if  we  can.  It  may  be  that  the  soil 
is  water  logged,  or  that  the  trees  are  planted  too 
deep,  or  planted  in  heavy  soil  in  wet  weather,  and 
as  a  consequence  of  heat  and  dry  weather  the 
soil  is  baked  as  hard  as  bricks  and  made  imper- 
vious for  the  young  roots  to  enter.  Let  the  cause 
be  what  it  may,  it  is  certain  that  it  is  something 
the  new  roots  formed  in  the  spring  have  a 
repugnance  to. 

The  first  thing  to  do  (unless  one's  actual  know- 
ledge of  the  case  precludes  this  being  necessary)  is 
to  remove  carefully  a  portion  of  the  surface  soil  in 
order  to  find  out  how  deep  the  top  roots  are  buried, 
and  then,  if  the  soil  is  at  all  dry,  to  give  the  roots  a 
good  soaking  of  manure  water.  If  the  soil  should 
happen  to  be  hard  baked,  it  would  crumble  down 
after  such  application.  As  soon  as  the  roots  have 
recovered  replace  the  natural  soil  taken  off  with  a 


layer  of  loamy  soil,  passing  this  through  an  inch  and 
half  sieve,  mixing  with  it  an  equal  quantity  of  well 
rotted  stable  or  farmyard  manure,  and  adding  a 
scattering  of  lime.  Lay  tliis  compost  over  the  roots, 
say  3ins.  deep,  treading  the  same  down  firmly.  The 
roots  must  be  sick  and  feeble  if  they  do  not  grab 
at  this  tempting  bait.  Watch  this  dressing  carefully, 
and  if  all  goes  well  you  wiU  find,  on  examining 
the  same  a  fortnight  or  so  hence,  that  the  compost 
will  be  well  filled  with  young,  active  roots,  gorging 
themselves  to  theu-  hearts  content  on  its  essence. 
As  soon  as  it  is  found  that  the  top  dressing  is 
fairly  fuU  of  roots,  add  another  similar  dressing,  and 
later  a  mulch  of  short  manure,  say  4ins.  deep.  In  dry 
weather  give  copious  waterings.  At  the  end  of  the 
season  you  will  be  agreeably  surprised  at  the 
improvement  in  the  tone  and  vigour  of  your  trees. 
Apply  the  same  treatment  the  following  spring 
and  summer  and  as  long  afterwards  as  you  think 
the  trees  require  it.  A  healthy  young  apple  tree, 
once  well  established  in  good  soil,  will  remain  in 
profit,  if  properly  looked  after,  for  from  fifty  to 
seventy  years.  Owen  Thomas,  V.M  H. 


Green  Crops  Through  the  Whole  Winter 

Too  many  people  discover  that  their  tables  can  be  supplied  in  over- 
abundance at  irregular  intervals  with  lengthy  intervening  gaps.     If 
right   choice   is   made   and  correct   methods   are  pursued,   they  can 
ensure  an  unbroken  succession. 


DURING  the  war  it  was  urged  that 
.  labour,  space,  plant  food  and  money 
I  for  cost  of  seeds  would  be  saved  by 
those  who  excluded  Borecoles,  Broc- 
colis,  Brussels  Sprouts  and  Savoys 
from  their  gardens,  limited  Cabbages  to  one 
planting  each  for  spring  and  summer.  Cauli- 
flowers to  one  late  summer  batch,  and  placed 
reliance  on  sowings  made  respectively  in  April 
and  July  or  August  of  Spinach  Beetroot. 
Failing  strength  of  mind  wholly  to  deprive 
myself  of  delicious  Brussels  Sprout?  and 
Broccolis,  I  restricted  their  numbers,  barred 
Borecoles  and  Savoys,  and  had  abundance  of 
Spinach  substitute  for  a  complete  year  from  six 
rows  of  plants.  As  far  as  the  provision  of  food 
was  concerned  the  plan  succeeded,  but  I  do  not 
anticipate  with  the  least  pleasure  being  forced  to 
accept  it  as  a  necessity  again.  The  varied  flavours 
of  the  members  of  the  Cabbage  family  find  every 
palate  appreciative,  and  the  advantages  in  the 
mahitenance  of  general  good  health  through  the 
winter  and  spring  derivable  from  their  free  con- 
sumption are  acknowledged  by  all. 

There  is,  perhaps,  nothing  easier  in  the  world  of 
gardening  than  to  produce  a  fine  quarter  of  summer 
Cabbages  or  autumn  Brussels  Sprouts,  but  to 
maintain  an  unbroken  succession  of  various  kinds 
from  September  to  June  is  a  different  proposition, 
and  one  which  has  strained  the  resources  of  gardens 
and  men  to  the  breaking  point  on  many  occasions. 
There  have  come  alternate  periods  of  luxuriance 
to  the  point  of  repletion  and  leanness  to  the  point 
of  starvation,  and  they  will  come  again  unless 
the  utmost  care  is  exercised  in  the  selection  of 
kinds  and  varieties,  the  times  of  sowing  the  seeds, 
and  the  dates  and  choices  of  sites  for  planting  out. 
Let  us  divide  the  subject  into  these  three  sections 
and  consider  each  in  its  turn. 

The  most  valuable  kinds  are  Brussels  Sprouts, 
Cauliflowers,  Broccolis,  Borecoles  or  Kales  and 
Savoys.  Cabbages  enter  into  the  scheme  from 
the  extremes  of  September  and  spring,  the  latter 
incomparably  the  more  valuable  of   the  two  yields 


and,  in  gardens  which  are  of  too  small  an  area  to 
permit  of  late  Broccolis,  the  most  welcome  of  the 
early  season  vegetables.  The  problem  of  varieties 
is  different,  yet  still  easy,  since  there  is  such  a 
wide  field  of  excellence  whence  selections  may 
be  made.  The  tastes  of  consumers  and  the 
demands  of  households  vary  so  greatly  that  no 
two  are  likely  to  make  identical  choices,  and  it 
will  tend  rather  to  waste  valuable  space  than  to 
usefulness,  therefore,  to  give  lists  herein.  Readers 
of  The  Garden  buy  only  from  sources  of  the 
highest  repute,  and  they  will  find  in  the  catalogues 
of  their  favourite  firms  their  pet  varieties,  with 
the  satisfaction  of  knowhig  that  reliance  can  be 
placed  as  well  on  the  recommendations  as  on  the 
descriptions. 

The  season  of  seed  sowing  must  necessarily  be 
of  considerable  length,  commencing  in  frames 
and  greenhouses  perhaps  in  January  and  certainly 
in  February,  and  continuing  thence  to  the  end  of 
May  and  sometimes  to  June.  Brussels  Sprouts 
and  Cauliflowers  will  come  in  the  front  rank  tho 
former  for  the  earlier  autunui  gatherings  and  th 
latter  for  summer  crops,  w-hich  scarcely  creep 
within  the  scope  of  these  notes.  Brussels  Sprouts 
always  demand  a  very  long  period  of  growths 
hence  the  earliness  of  sowmg.  Cabbages,  Cauli- 
flowers and  successional  Brussels  Sprouts 
will  follow  in  March,  with  the  bulk  of  the 
Borecoles,  some  Broccolis  and  the  Savoys  in 
April,  finishing  in  May  and  early  June  vnXh 
Broccolis  and  other  kinds  of  which  late  supplies 
are  desired. 

It  caimot  be  urged  too  strongly  that  seeding 
must  be  thin,  that  thinning  must  be  early,  and  that 
removal  to  nursery  beds  must  be  done  promptly 
when  it  is  clear  that  the  seed  beds  do  not  provide 
adequate  space.  The  first  essentials  are  perfect 
seed  leaves  to  sustain  the  seedling  until  it  can  find 
food  for  itself,  and  the  second  such  ample  space 
as  will  ensure  the  full  benefits  accruing  upon  light 
and  air. 

Now  we  must  consider  soil  and  plantmg,  to 
both   of   which   the  highest   importance   attaches. 


304 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  i8,  1921. 


If  one  could  safely  speak  in  the  broadest  sense, 
one  would  unhesitatingly  say  that  all  these  vege- 
tables want  is  a  deep  soil  in  excellent  heart  to 
bring  them  to  perfection.  There  must  be,  however, 
one  outstanding  reservation — Broccolis  timed  to 
come  into  use  from  January  to  June,  not  including 
the  White  or  Purple  Sprouting,  which  rank  with 
the  Borecoles  or  Kales.  Omitting,  then,  the 
specified  Broccolis,  dig  deeply,  manure  liberally, 
but  withal  wisely,  and  plant  firmly  in  showery 
weather  if  possible.  The  planting  period  will 
extend  from  the  end  of  March  to  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember,  and  it  is   a  wise  precautionary  measure 


to  draw  all  roots  through  a  thick  puddle  of  soot 
and  lime.  Distances  in  and  between  the  rows 
cannot  be  usefully  mentioned,  as  they  must  be 
governed  by  the  habits  of  the  varieties  grown. 
The  packing  about  the  roots  must  be  firm  in  all 
circumstances,  and  in  dry  weather  a  heavy  soaking 
further  to  settle  the  soil  will  be  beneficial.  A 
handfork  is  better  than  a  dibber  for  planting, 
unless  the  operator  is  one  among  the  comparatively 
few  who  know  the  correct  method  of  using  the 
latter  handy  little  tool. 

Special  attention  has  been  drav\-n  to  the  Broccolis, 
which  are  required  to  pass  into  and  through  the 


worst  parts  of  the  winter.  The  ideal  sites  for  them 
are  old  Strawberr;'  and  autumn-sown  Onion  beds, 
and  the  only  treatment  necessary  or  desirable  is 
hoeing  to  cut  down  the  weeds.  Planting  should 
be  done  with  a  long  iron  dibber,  and  the  soil  must 
be  packed  literally  as  hard  as  it  can  be  made. 
The  combined  firnuiess  of  the  bed  and  restriction 
of  roots  will  go  to  favour  steady,  very  hardy 
progress,  and  it  is  rare  indeed  for  plants  which 
have  been  treated  thus  to  suffer  even  in  the  most 
rigorous  winter,  and  the  labour  of  heeling  them 
over  with  their  heads  to  the  north  is  obviated 
entirely.  W.   H.   Lodge. 


IRIS  CLEMATIS:    THE    TENDENCY   OF  HYBRIDISATION 


THE  exception  taken  to  the  above  Iris 
in  The  Garden  of  June  4  is  at  once 
interesting  and  illogical.  Interesting 
because  it  opens  up  the  question  as 
to  where  the  aims  of  the  hybridist 
should  cease ;  whether,  for  instance,  a  change 
of  form  in  any  particular  flower  is  as  permissible 
as  a  variation  of  colour.  Illogical  because  it 
concludes  that  such  change  is  not  permissible, 
and  argues  from  this  conclusion,  and  also  a  purely 
personal  objection  to  the  form  taken  by  this 
particular  flower,  that  there  is  in  it  a  lack  of 
beauty.     More    illogical    still    is    the    suggestion 


that  the  hybridist  is  responsible  for  this  particular 
variation  of  form.  The  point  to  which  "  exception  " 
is  taken  appears  to  be  that  "  the  standards  of  the 
flower  open  out  like  the  falls,  or  lower  petals." 
Does  the  writer  really  think  that  this  detracts 
one  iota  from  the  beauty  of  the  flower  ?  If  so, 
he  mles  out  of  the  scope  of  his  admiration  other 
Irises,  both  species  and  varieties,  that  possess 
the  same  characteristics.  All  the  six  petalled 
Iris  Kaempferi  would  be  excluded.  Neither  Iris 
tectorum  nor  gracilipes  would  have  a  place  in  his 
garden.  Surely  he  would  not  "  take  exception  "  to 
these,  among  the  most  admired  of  the  whole  genus. 


THE    DEFENDED     IRIS     CLEMATIS. 
Standards  drooping. 


IRIS    GRACILIPES. 
Standards  reftexed. 


Returning  to  the  effect  of  hybridising,  the 
development  of  the  peculiar  characteristics  of 
Clematis  was  the  very  natural  result  of  a  very 
natural  process.  There  was  no  intention,  or 
effort,  on  the  part  of  the  hybridist  to  "  turn  half 
the  flower  inside  out."  The  only  artificial  act 
was  in  conveying  the  pollen  from  one  flower  to 
another.  Neither  of  the  two  parents  showed  the 
tendency  developed  in  the  offspring.  Even  the 
act  of  the  hybridist  was  unnecessary.  A  chance 
seed  from  a  bursting  pod,  in  a  garden  where  the 
science  of  hybridisation  was  unknown,  might 
conceivably  have  produced  the  same  results,  and 
had  Clematis  been  a  natural  hybrid,  collected  in 
some  far  distant  comer  of  the  world,  should  we 
still  "  take  exception "  to  its  shape.  If  Nature 
chooses  to  make  the  interior  of  the  standards 
more  beautiful  than  the  exterior,  and  then,  in 
her  wonderful  economy,  rather  than  %vaste  her 
effort  makes  the  standards  reflex  to  show  that 
interior,  for  what  shall  we  blame  her  ?  If  there 
is  any  blame  it  is  on  Nature  and  not  the  hybridist, 
for  she  alone  is  responsible. 

But  there  is  a  deeper  and  more  serious  suggestion 
in  the  paragraph  referred  to.  The  writer  is  willing 
to  find  no  "fault  with  the  hybridists,"  providing 
they  preserve  that  indefinite,  unprogressive  and 
elusive  attribute  called  "  old  world  charm."  If 
this  is  to  be  the  foundation  of  judgment,  it  will 
eliminate  from  cultivation  99  per  cent,  of  all  the 
Irises,  Sweet  Peas,  Dahlias,  Roses,  Carnations, 
Carrots,  Potatoes,  Cauliflowers  and  every  other 
product  of  the  modern  garden.  Chelsea  Shows 
would  be  no  more,  and  that  bright  little  periodical 
The  Garden  would  either  become  a  botanical 
catalogue  of  known  species,  or  die  from  lack  of 
material  to  fill  its  colunms.  Horticulture  might 
survive  for  a  time  by  collecting  and  distributing 
the  weeds  of  the  world,  and  the  garden  would 
become  a  very  dull  place,  for  if  the  "charm" 
is  "  old  world  "  enough  it  would  resolve  the  modern 
garden  into  a  collection  of  species. 

Please  do  not  misunderstand  me.  There  is 
something  absorbingly  interesting  in  a  collection 
of  species,  whether  of  Irises,  Roses  or  anything 
else,  but  who  would  care  to  go  back  to  a  garden 
of  tjrpes  ?  Some  months  ago  I  remember  the 
"  Notes  of  the  Week  "  in  The  Garden  opened 
with  a  quotation  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Eden 
Phillpotts :  "Man  has  availed  himself  of  the 
great  laws  of  evolution  in  mightier  matters  than 
the  Iris :  but  in  no  theatre  of  his  unsleeping 
efforts  has  he  created  purer  beauty,  or  wakened 
for  the  flower  lovers,  truer  joy  than  among  the 
bearded  Irises  of  June." 

The  bearded  Irises  of  to-day  are  just  as  much 
departures  from  the  original  species,  in  one  way 
or  another,  as  Clematis  is  from  its  first  parents. 

Is  not  the  whole  scientific  effort  of  the  day 
directed      towards      developing     the     best      and 


June   i8,   1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


305 


IRIS    PALLIDA    DALIVL\TICA. 
An  old  type  with  erect  standards. 

eradicating.the  worst  characteristics  in  every  genus? 
It  is  not  a  question  of  developing  "  size  of  the 
flowers  at  the  expense  of  grace  and  form."  Man 
cannot  of  himself  breed  a  new  form.  Nature 
may  do  so  by  taking  a  hand  in  his  efforts,  but 
even  she  is  bound  by  her  own  laws.  She  only 
reproduces  unequally  the  good  or  bad  attributes 
from  remote  or  near  ancestors. 

No  one  knows  better  than  the  hvbridist  how 


accidental  some  of  his  best  results  appear  to  him 
to  be,  and  this  despite  all  the  laws  of  Mendel. 
Twelve  seeds  from  a  single  pod  may  produce 
as  many  variations,  and  of  them  one  may  be 
half  the  size  and  one  twice  the  size  of  the  parent, 
and  one  only,  as  in  the  case  of  Clematis,  may  choose 
to  assert  itself  as  a  variation  of  form,  and  the 
hybridist  is  impotent.  He  caimot  even  be  assured 
that  the  form  will  reproduce  itself  from  seed. 
The  probabilities  are  that  it  will  if  Nature  has 
endowed  the  new  characteristics  with  strength 
and  iudi\-iduaUty  sufficient  thereto. 

If  we  take  exception  to  a  form  adopted  by  one 
Iris  because  it  reproduces  the  form  of  another, 
or  even  if  we  object  to  the  form  of  one  flower 
because  it  resembles  that  of  another  species, 
where  shall  we  stop  ?  Orchids  resemble  butter- 
flies and  bees.  Shall  we  "  take  exception "  to 
the  Orchids,  or  the  butterflies  and  bees  ? 

Some  of  the  characteristics  that  have  been 
bred  into  the  newer  Irises  are  just  as  pronounced 
as  this  reflexing  of  the  standards  horizontally  in 
Clematis.  Standards  have  been  strengthened  and 
elongated.  Falls  have  been  broadened  and 
rendered  horizontal  or  drooping,  as  the  case  may 
be.  Stems  branch  low  down  where  once  they 
bore  their  flowers  rigidly,  alternately  on  each 
side  of  an  erect  stem.  Colours  have  been  mingled, 
and  new  colour  shades  introduced  that  have  added 
infinitely  to  the  charm  of  the  Iris  as  a  garden 
flower.  So  much  is  this  the  case  that  we  are  all 
in  the  position  of  the  little  girl  who,  when  asked 
to  describe  the  colour  in  an  Iris,  said  :  "  I  really 
cannot  tell  you  what  colour  it  is,  but  it's  every 
kind  of  fairy  colour."  All  this  is  tolerated, 
together  with  the  wave,  in  Spencer  Sweet  Peas, 
and  other  modifications  ;  and  yet  because  Nature 
chooses  to  adopt  a  form  a  little  different  from 
the  standard  set  up  by  man  as  the  ideal,  "  we 
take  exception." 

It  may  be  argued  that  Nature  sometimes 
produces  monstrosities,  which  is  true ;  but  it 
is  not  in  violation,  but  in  pursuance  of  her  own 
laws.  The  stronger  characteristics  of  one  parent 
may  be  reproduced  in  unequal  proportions  to  the 
best    of    the    other.     The    scientist    mav    make 


mistakes  in  endeavouring  to  assist  Nature  b}' 
tr\ing  to  impose  on  one  variety  the  desirable 
characteristics  of  another,  which  may  be  due  to 
his  ignorance  of  what  has  gone  before.  Nature 
never  forgets  what  has  gone  before.  Mere  size 
has  nothing  to  do  with  beauty,  in  flower  or 
animal.  It  is  proportion  that  counts.  The 
hybridist  cannot  "  develop  the  size  of  the  flowers 
at  the  expense  of  grace  and  form"  unless  Nature 
retaliates  for  some  pre\-ious  \'iolation  of  her  la^vs 
by  producing  inequality,  and  thus  lack  of  pro- 
portion. The  little  Iris  gracilipes  magnified  to 
the  size  of  the  largest  Iris  Kxmpferi  would  be 
just  as  beautiful  if  all  its  characteristics  were 
equally  magnified,  nor  would  it  be  less  beautiful 
than  the  finest  Ktempferi.  We  may  admire 
diminutiveness,  but  smallness  does  not  in  itself 
constitute  beauty.  It  is  the  little  thing  that 
reproduces  perfectly  the  characteristics  of  thi 
larger  that  attracts  us.  Therefore  mere  increase 
in  size  does  not  necessarily  mean  loss  of  grace 
and  form.  Little  things  are  valuable  when  they 
are  seen  quite  near.  The  largest  flowers  become 
smaller  to  the  eye  when  seen  in  the  distance.  Who 
would  reduce  Iris  Lord  of  June  to  the  size  it 
appears  to  be  20yds.  away  ?  Would  they  not 
rather  have  gracilipes  magnified  so  that  its  beauty 
is  not  lost  to  sight  at  that  distance  ? 

There  is  a  ver>-  apt  quotation  from  a  well  known 
author  in  his  attempt  to  define  beauty  which  is 
appropriate  here :  "  Beauty  is  the  moment  of 
transition,  as  if  the  form  %vere  just  ready  to  flow 
into  other  forms."  George  Dillistoxe. 


IRIS    IC^MPFERI. 
Note  the  six-petalled  variety,  all  faces  horizontal. 


IRIS    CRUSADER    AND    I.    KASHMIR   WHITE. 
Tuo  normal  forms,  standards  erect. 


Myrica  cerifera  and  Its  Uses 

Those  who  care  for  the  sweetest  of  sweet  scents 
should  be  sure  to  have  one  at  least  of  these  modest 
looking  bushes,  preferably  in  some  place  where 
a  leaf  or  a  little  twig  can  be  gathered  in  passing 
and  crushed  in  the  hand.  The  scent  is  of  the 
quality  that  our  forefathers  called  "cordial"; 
much  like  that  of  the  dying  wild  Strawberry  leaf. 
It  is  very  "  modest  looking,"  for  it  may 
easily  be  passed  without  observation ;  the  bloom 
is  quite  without  beauty,  and  the  foliage  is  of  a 
quiet  green  that  would  never  attract  attentiotL 
The  reddish  bloom  in  Jlay  is  inconspicuous,  and 
the  fruit  that  follows  looks  like  a  collection  of 
small  buds  thickly  clustered  on  the  stem  and 
more  or  less  powdered  with  a  resinous  secretion. 
This  when  suitably  treated  forms  a  kind  of  wax. 
There  has  been  recently  published  a  very 
interesting  book  on  old  pewter  ware  by  an 
American  author,  N.  Hudson  Moore.  Writing 
about  some  ornate  examples  of  pewter  candle- 
sticks he  says  :  "  Such  candlesticks  as  these  held 
the  choicest  wax  and  dipped  candles  which  the 
housewife  could  make.  If  possible  she  used 
Bayberry  wax.  which  was  highly  esteemed  from 
New  Orleans  to  Canada.  In  1705  Robert  Beverley 
described  it  as  follows :  '  .\  pale  brittle  wax  of 
a  curious  green  colour,  which  by  refining  becomes 
almost  transparent.  Of  this  they  make  candles 
which  are  never  greasy  to  the  touch,  never  melt 
with  lying  in  the  hottest  weather ;  neither  does 
the  suuft'  of  these  ever  offend  the  smell  like  that 
of  a  tallow  candle,  but  instead  of  being  disagree- 
able, if  an  accident  puts  a  candle  out.  it  yields 
a  pleasant  fragrancy  to  all  that  are  in  the  room ; 
insomuch  that  nice  people  often  put  them  out 
on  purpose  to  have  the  incense  of  the  expiring 
snuff."  Long  Island  was  one  place  where  the 
Bayberry  bushes  grew  in  profusion,  and  they  grow 
there  still.  There  are  one  or  two  elderly  people 
who  make  such  candles  as  these  yet,  and  some  are 
for  sale,^ — and  they  are  fitting  objects  to  bum 
in  one  of  these  old  candlesticks  of  a  summer 
evening." 


306 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  i8,  1921. 


MULLEINS     PULLED 
DOWN 

A  USEFUL  lesson  was  taught  mc  accidentally 
last  year  by  a  strong  plant  of  one  of  the  best 
of  the  Mulleins  (Verbascum  phlomoides)  that 
was  blown  over  by  wind.  It  was  not  broken, 
only  laid  flat,  and  as  it  was  in  an  outlying  place 
where  it  did  not  matter,  it  was  left  lying  down. 
When  it  came  to  flowering  time  I  was  surprised 
to  see,  besides  the  main  spike  which  stood  upright 
at  the  end,  a  whole  quantity  of  secondary  spikes 
rising  all  along  the  stem,  all  in  strong  bloom. 
There  is  nothing  remarkable  in  there  being  these 
secondary  spikes,  for  a  self-sown  plant  always 
has  them,  though  in  those  that  are  transplanted 
there  is  usually  one  spike  alone.  But  in  the  case 
of  this  laid-down  plant  the  axillary  spikes  were 
much  more  numerous  and  more  full  of  bloom  ; 
also,  instead  of  being  restricted  to  the  upper  part 


plant  in  the  flower  border.  Some  strong  ones 
were  transplanted  in  the  autumn  and  are  being 
trained  down  in  anticipation  of  their  covering 
something  of  earlier  bloom  and  in  the  hope  that, 
although  they  were  transplanted,  the  pulling 
down   will  have   the   effect   of   inducing   the  side 


growths,  which  otherwise  might  not  have  been 
developed,  to  appear  and  bloom  well.  The  earlier 
hybrid  Mullein  with  the  deep  yellow  flowers  and 
velvet-brown  centres  is  equally  amenable  to  this 
treatment  and  forms  a  gorgeous  mass  in  the 
border  for  early  June.  G.  J. 


A    DISSERTATION    ON    SEED    SOWING 

Experiments  Create   Interest — Interest   Creates   Garden   Beauty 


H 


fE  who  sows  seed  enters  upon  the  adven- 
ture of  a  voyage.  If  the  subject  be 
annuals,  the  fancied  voyage  may  be 
likened  to  a  trip  across  the  Atlantic, 
humdrum  affair  that  has  regularity 
and  a  great  degree  of  certainty  between  the  em- 
barkation,   which    is    the   seed   sowing,    and    the 


IN    EXPOSED   POSITIONS    MULLEINS   AlUi    APT    TO    BE   BLOWN    DOWN,   BUT    THIS    IS 

NOT    ALWAYS    A    DISASTER. 


of  the  spike,  they  ran  much  further  down.  What 
was  still  more  noticeable  was  that  the  whole  thing 
remained  in  flower  for  quite  a  month  longer  than 
is  usual.  It  is  a  puzzle  to  accoimt  for  this  persist- 
ence ;  I  can  only  suppose  that  the  stem,  lying 
on  the  ground,  received  some  comforting  and 
sustaining  moisture. 

The  long  mass  of   spikes  rising  from  a  foot  to 
isins.   suggested   useful    ways   of    employing    the 


arrival  at  the  distant  port,  which  is  the  flowering 
season.  With  but  a  short  span  between  the 
beginning  and  the  end  of  these  voyages  there  is 
not  much  to  come  in  the  way  of  success  ;  though, 
of  course,  some  reckless  fellows  go  all  out  to  meet 
failure  by  trying  to  bridge  the  herring  pond  in  a 
cockle  shell. 

Then  there  is   the  intermediate  voyage   which 
represents  the  culture  of  biennials,  also  an  under- 


taking of  the  time  table  order  but  longer ;  shall 
we  say,  a  journey  to  India  or  Buenos  Ayres, 
requiring  more  patience  to  attain  the  consumma- 
tion, with  still,  however,  few  perils  to  negotiate. 
More  interesting,  because  of  greater  difficulty, 
are  the  longer  trips,  antipodean  perhaps  in  desti- 
nation, where  the  seeds  of  perennials  are  com- 
mitted to  the  ocean  of  uncertainty,  and  where 
the  enduring  mariner  must  ply  his  skill  and  look 
ahead,  and  at  length,  if  his  skill  has  sufficed, 
the  craft  is  moored  at  its  far  off  port  and  the  long 
quest  brought  to  its  desired  completion.  But 
there  are  phases  of  plant  rearing  that  are  the  real 
thing  in  voyages,  real  voyages  of  discovery  into 
uncharted  seas,  where  storm  and  sunken  rock 
and  guileful  whirlpool  lie  in  wait  to  wreck  the 
hopes  of  many  months'  endeavour.  In  this 
category  come  the  making  of  bulbous  plants, 
such  as  Lilies,  Tulips,  Narcissi  and  certain  Irises 
or  the  corms  as  of  Ixias,  of  the  Crocus  species,  or 
of  Gladioli;  or  the  tuberous-rooted  things  like 
Montbretias,  or  the  rhizomes  of  the  multi-sectioned 
Irises.  To  grow  these  from  seed  to  flower  needs 
the  enthusiast  in  horticulture  if  an  amateur, 
or  else  the  patient  and  experienced  skill  of  the 
niirseryman. 

But  why,  one  might  say,  undertake  these 
hazardous  enterprises  when  the  seedsman,  who 
is  the  real  mariner  of  our  simile,  is  content  to  do 
the  voyaging  and  bring  the  wares  to  our  door  ? 
On  the  other  hand,  why  not  ?  As  Britons  we  are 
all  adventurers  at  heart,  and  if  we  cannot  in 
actuality  range  the  oceans  in  search  of  incident, 
we  can  at  least  take  comfort  from  that  Steven- 
sonian  epigram  that  the  finest  adventures  are 
not  those  which  we  go  forth  to  seek,  but  those 
that  come  to  us  at  our  own  fireside.  And  every 
amateur  gardener  worth  the  name  is  always 
casting  round  for  new  things  to  have  and  to 
cherish  in  his  own  demesne,  so  these  seaways  of 
research  can  and  should  be  explored  by  all  who 
care  on  the  chance  of  bringing  forth  new  creations 
from  the  unknown.  Think  of  the  repletion 
of  our  pride  when  we  do  by  our  own  efforts  create 
this  new  thing  that  will  in  time  grace  the  gardens 
of  our  friends  as  well  as  our  own  ! 

Now,  the  fittest  likeness  to  the  ship  on  which 
we  make  our  travels  is  the  seed  we  sow,  for  it  is 
that  which  carries  us  on  from  the  embarkation 
to  the  point  of  arrival,  and  as  seeds  themselves, 
in  a  botanical  sense,  are  contained  in  vessels, 
it  makes  our  metaphor  whimsically  apt.  Ana 
this  brings  me  on  to  what  I  had  in  mind  when  I 
started  writing,  viz.,  the  shortage  of  tonnage 
for  these  long  and  venturesome  voyages,  or,  to 
cast  simile  aside  and  come  back  to  purely  garden 
parlance,  there  is  too  little  encouragement  given 
by  seedsmen  to  those  who  would  like  to  grow 
the  best  class  of  flowers  from  pedigree  seed.  Many 
people  would  find  the  pleasures  of  this  phase  of 
gardening  highly  intensified  if  they  could  purchase 
seed  with  such  a  pedigree  as  would  guarantee 
first-class  results.  I  cannot  call  to  mind  any 
firm  in  the  country    who    list    seed    the    parent- 


age 


of     , which     is     declared     on    j^both     sides 


June  i8,  1921.J 


THE    GARDEN. 


307 


Messrs.  Blackmore  and  Langdon  deserve  commen- 
dation for  taking  some  step  in  this  direction,  for, 
if  I  remember  aright,  they  offer  Delphinium  seed 
from  named  varieties,  which  guarantees  one 
parent  at  least,  and  thereby  they  give  Delphinium 
growers  some  indication  anyway  of  what  they 
may  expect.  Nor  perhaps  could  they  do  more, 
for  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  Delphiniums  do 
not  accept  the  good  offices  of  the  hybridiser, 
though  some  of  the  species,  particularly  those  of 
annual  duration,  are  susceptible  to  the  pollen  of 
the  garden  hybrids. 

Many  amateurs  grow  Border  Carnations  from 
seed,  but  no  dealer  has  ever,  to  my  knowledge, 
offered  the  public  anything  but  mixed  seed, 
however  good  it  may  be  declared  to  be.  Even 
if  hand-crossed  seed  is  too  precious  to  sell,  some- 
thing might  be  done  to  arouse  fresh  Lnterest  in 
Border  Carnations  if  seed  were  sold  as  coming 
from  certain  shades  of  self  colours,  from  white 
grouna  fancies,  or  buff  ground  fancies,  or  from 
picotees.  Iris,  Tulip  and  Narcissus  seed  is  seldom 
or  never  offered  at  all,  though  I  remember  Messrs. 
Wallace  of  Colchester  listed  seed  from  the  Tulip 
species  a  few  years  ago,  also  seeds  of  Liliums 
Regale  and  Szovitzianum.  Both  of  these  latter 
I  tried,  and  I  have  some  of  the  last  named  coming 
on,  but  as  regards  Regale  one  of  the  whirlpools 
overtook  me  in  my  voyage,  for  the  gardener, 
with  the  splendid  genius  of  his  race,  threw  out  the 
soil  from  a  pan  containing  half  a  dozen  two  year 
old  bulbs  during  their  resting  season,  and  I  fear 
that  little  ship  sank  to  the  bottom,  for  I  never  saw 
a  trace  of  them  again,  though  I  carefully  searched 
the  bed  on  which  he  said  he  threw  the  soil. 
,A.nother  plant  [very   dear   to  me  is  the  Gladiolus, 


than  which  few  flowers  are  more  liberal  with  seed. 
It  only  the  ordinary  gardener  knew  what  intense 
pleasure  (I  had  almost  written  excitement)  can 
be  harvested  from  crossing  Gladioli  and  raising 
new  varieties  thereby,  it  would  become  one  of 
the  fashionable  foibles  of  the  garden  lover.  I 
reckon  most  people  think  this  is  a  work  of  long- 
suffering  patience,  but  it  is  not.  Two  years  from 
seed  will  bloom  most  of  the  little  cormlets,  and  I 
have  seen  the  embryo  flower  forming  at  the  base 
of  the  young  growth  seven  months  after  sowing, 
though  the  oncoming  winter  foiled  it  in  its  purpose. 
The  Primulinus  hybrids  are  usually  extremely 
generous  with  seed,  and  it  should  not  at  all  be 
beyond  the  power  of  growers  to  offer  seed  from 
guaranteed  source.  Messrs.  Kelway  s  variety 
Ghost  seeds  all  the  way  up  the  spike,  and  I  had 
literally  hundreds  of  seeds  from  one  corm  last 
autumn.  Think  of  the  interest  arising  from  a 
batch  of  seedlings  just  coming  into  bloom,  the 
result  of  crossing  that  brilliant  scarlet  Primulinus 
Adonis  with,  say,  the  deeper  scarlet  Firefly,  or 
with  Enon,  a  creamy  yellow  and  orange  I  And 
one  could  ring  the  changes  of  parenthood  almost 
to  infinitude — Primulinus  with  Primulinus  hybrid, 
Primulinus  hybrid  with  Large-flowered,  Large- 
flowered  with  Primulinus,  species  with  species 
and  so  on.  And  yet  one  hardly  ever  sees  a 
Gladiolus  seed  for  sale  of  any  description  !  The 
possibilities  are  legion  if  good  seed  could  only 
get  into  the  hands  of  intelligent  amateur  growers. 
They  would  readily  pay  considerably  higher 
prices,  they  would  not  and  could  not  poach  on 
the  preserves  of  the  seedsman  ;  indeed,  they  would 
do  much  towards  stimulating  both  interest  and 
demand.  J.  L.  Gibson. 


THE    EVENING    GARDEN 

FiiYther   Suggestions  Jor   the    Tired   Man 


THE  subject  of  the  evening  garden  is 
well  worth  careful  consideration,  with 
its  power  of  healing  and  wholesome 
refreshment  to  the  tired  worker  ;  such 
sane,  cheering  and  soothing  comfort 
as  cannot  be  better  described  than  in  the  poetical 
words  of  our  Tudor  ancestors,  who  held  that  the 
main  purpose  of  the  garden  was  for  "  sweet  solace." 
There  are  some  wonderful  evenings  towards  the 
end  of  May  when  the  whole  earth  seems  to  pour 
forth  incense  as  the  sun  goes  down.  A  great  part 
of  it.  in  a  garden  well  known  to  the  writer,  is  from 
the  young  Birch  foliage,  for,  just  across  the  lawn 
groups  of  Birches  adjoin  the  garden.  It  is  a  tree 
that  provides  a  powerful  fragrance  in  more  ways 
than  one,  for  we  all  know  the  good  smell  of  Russian 
leather  which  comes  from  treatment  with  oil  of 
Birch  bark.  Then  the  tree  has  the  silvery  stems 
that  show  ghostly  graceful  in  the  darker  hours, 
and  the  small  leaves,  lighty  stirred  by  a  slight 
night  breeze,  have  a  refreshing  sound  much  like 
the  pattering  of  soft  summer  rain. 

Flowers  of  sweet  smell  there  must  be  in  the 
evening  garden ;  among  the  best  will  be  the 
biennial  Rockets,  white  and  purple,  from  3ft.  to 
4ft.  high  ;  they  should  be  sown  now  for  next 
year.  Then  the  tall  Evening  Primrose  (Qinothera 
Lamarckiana),  only  fully  open  at  night  and  with 
a  slight,  pleasant  scent ;  and  the  lowly  night- 
scented  Stock  (Matthiola  bicornis) ;  a  plant  hardly 
to  be  noticed  in  daytime,  for  the  flowers  are  closed 
and  the  foliage  is  inconspicuous,  but  as  soon  as  the 
day  is  done  the  little  flowers  seem  to  come  awake 
and  lavishly  pour  forth  their  wonderful  fragrance. 


In  only  a  lesser  degree  the  ordinary  garden  Stocks 
are  scented  at  night ;  they  should  be  largely  grown 
where  the  soil  is  calcareous,  for  they  are  true 
lime-lovers.  The  great  Yuccas  are  plants  for  the 
evening  garden,  for  though  their  appearance  has  a 
certain  magnificence  in  the  daytime,  yet  the  flowers 
are  only  fully  expanded  at  night,  and  it  is  only 
at  night  that  they  give  off  their  finest  perfume. 

These  are  some  of  the  best  of  the  night  scents  ; 
they  seem  to  be  of  a  different  quality  to  the  day- 
light sweetnesses  ;  the  sun-baked  Thyme,  when 
crushed  underfoot  :  the  basking  Mignonette,  the 
Roses,  such  as  the  type  multiflora,  that  give 
off  their  scent  far  and  wide  ;  though  the  evening 
garden  may  well  have  bushes  of  Sweet  Briar  and 
should  not  be  without  Candleberry  Gale  (Myrica 
cerifera)  somewhere  within  hand  reach,  for  the 
plucking  and  crushing  of  a  leaf  or  two  as  a  type  of 
that  wonderful  and  mysterious  perfume  given  off  by 
the  dying  Strawberry  leaf.     Gertrude  Jekyll. 


The  entirely  evening  garden  for  the  tired  man  is 
I  fear,  an  ideal  to  be  attained  by  the  very  few  and 
not  the  many,  but  is  none  the  less  desirable. 
Generally  the  garden  already  exists,  and  for  those 
whose  opportunities  for  garden  enjoyment  occur 
chiefly  after  the  day's  work  is  done  the  desired 
effect  must  be  chiefly  obtained  by  arrangement 
and  planting. 

For  the  warm  summer  evenings  water  is,  to  the 
majority,  the  coolest  and  most  refreshing  feature  of 
any  garden,  but  the  little  pond  or  Lily  basin 
whatever  form  it  may  take,  should  not  be  too  near 


the  house,  or  it  will  depress  the  spirits  instead  of 
refreshing  them  during  the  winter.  For  this 
evening  water  garden  the  Nympha>as  have  no  place, 
they  go  to  sleep  far  too  early  to  give  any  pleasure. 
The  golden-cupped  Nuphar,  which  carries  its 
blooms  well  above  the  surface,  is  an  exception. 
But  it  will  be  the  bog  plants  that  will  give  the 
chiefest  pleasure.  The  Alismas,  Sagitt arias,  the 
deliciously  fragrant  Aponogeton,  which  is  always 
in  flower  and  even  after  having  been  frozen  stitt 
on  the  surface  for  a  week  will,  when  thawed, 
yield  its  perfume.  Such  as  these  are  for  the 
evening. 

The  house  border  should  be  of  generous  width 
and  be  filled  with  shrubs  and  flowers,  many  of 
sombre  hues,  that  live  either  for  opening  in  the 
evening  or  to  distil  their  fragrance.  Rosemary  and 
Lavender  and  Southernwood ;  Tobacco  plants. 
Night-scented  Stocks  and  Mignonette  should  be 
there  ;  while  up  the  walls  there  will  be  such  Roses 
as  Gloire  de  Dijon,  Hugh  Dickson  and  Souvenir 
de  la  Malmaison,  with  Jasmines,  Honeysuckles 
and  Wistaria  for  the  upper  windows. 

In  front  of  the  house  there  must  be  a  lawn,  as 
large  as  may  be ;  for  nothing  is  so  restful  as 
spacious  greensward.  In  our  evening  garden  it 
should  not  be  cut  up  with  flower  beds  or  studded 
with  shaped  trees,  and  throughout  the  summer 
the  la%vn-moner  must  be  set  high  in  order  to  have 
a  lawn  of  pile  carpet-like  softness  ;  later  in  the 
year,  when  the  evening  dews  fall  early,  it  may  be 
lowered  and  the  grass  more  closely  shaven. 

Colour  is  most  important  when  the  garden  is 
chiefly  visited  towards  the  day's  close,  and  it  is  the 
"  soft  "  colours — the  grey  blues,  mid  pinks,  pale 
pinks,  pale  yellows  and  mauves,  which  are  so 
restful — that  should  predominate  in  the  garden 
borders.  While  for  the  twilight  and  moonlight 
hours  there  must  be  plenty  of  white  flowers. 
The  garden  bathed  in  soft  moonlight,  when  all  the 
white  flowers  are  touched  with  rose,  is  a  precious 
possession,  and  for  this  there  should  be  large 
white  Clematises,  the  Macartney  Rose,  Chry- 
santhemum maximum,  Nicotiana  affinis  and  such. 

To  most  people  the  "  fierce "  colours,  the 
scarlets  and  crimsons,  deep  pinks  and  cerises,  are 
too  aggressive  and  disturbing  for  great  use  in  a 
garden  where  we  go  for  rest  and  contentment. 
But  for  those,  and  no  doubt  they  are  many  whose 
souls  thirst  for  colour,  bright  foliagod  shrubs 
have  much  to  recommend  them.  They  provide 
colour  of  a  much  more  restful  nature  than  that  of 
flowers.  A  shrubbery  bod  or  border  of  the  golden- 
leaved  Catalpa,  the  golden  Cornish  Elm,  the  rich 
purple  Prunus  Pissardii  and  the  variegated 
Negundo,  of  the  taller  sorts,  and  Purple  Hazel, 
Golden  Privet,  Cornus  Spaithii,  Lavender,  Santolina 
and  such  dwarf  kinds  give  ample  rich  colouring 
without  undue  distraction. 

In  the  tree  world  it  is  the  soft  foliaged  trees 
and  the  grey  greens  that  are  most  restful,  while 
of  flowering  trees  it  is  those  which  bear  white  or 
pale  coloured  flowers — the  False  Acacia,  the  Bird 
Cherry,  Magnolias,  Cherries,  Pyrus  spectabilis, 
the  Lime  and  the  like  that  are  appropriate. 

Conifers  generally  are  too  dense,  sombre  and 
formal  to  find  a  place  in  the  evening  garden. 
Even  the  silvery  sorts,  except  very  late  in  the 
evening,  are  too  intense,  but  exception  can  be  made 
with  the  Junipers,  particularly  the  graceful  droop- 
ing grey  green  branches  of  Juniperus  recurva. 

It  is  this  grey  green  foliage  that  rests  and  soothes 
the  mind,  for  diil  not  the  Man  of  Sorrows  seek 
seclusion  amiil  the  grey  green  Olives  when  torn  and 
wearied  in  mind  ? 

A  Bamboo  dell  would  appeal  to  many,  who 
would  find  rest  and  entertainment  in  the  graceful 
feathery  culms  of  such  as  .\ruinlinaria  nitida  and 
in  the  gentle  rustlings  of  the  leaves. 

A.  Cecil  Bartlett. 


308 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  iS,  1921. 


HARDY  GERANIUMS  FOR  THE  WILD  GARDEN,  WOODLAND  AND  BORDER 


Many  people  think  that^by  Hardy  Geraniums  the  Bedding-out  Pelargoniums  are  referred  to.      Pelargoniums 


m 


require  the  protection  of  glass  in  ■winter  and  are  very  often  wrongly  termed  Geraniums. 


\  AHOMET  was  so  well  pleased  with 
some  sheets  made  from  the  fibres  of 
Mallows  that  he  ennobled  the  plants 
that  had  provided  them  by  turning 
them  into  Geraniums.  So  runs  the 
legend,  and  it  speaks  well  for  the  appreciation 
of  the  Moslem  for  the  beauty  of  the  Crane's-bills  and 
perhaps  excuses  the  latter  for  their  lack  of  utility. 
It  was  scarcely  fair  to  other  folk  though,  who  did 
not  possess  a  sufficiency  of  Mallow-fibre  sheeting. 
As  spring  turns  into  summer  this  garden  teems 
with  Geraniums,  and  I  enjoy  their  beauty  as  raucb 
as  Mahomet  did  his  sheets  and  find  it 
hard  to  steel  my  heart  sufficiently  to 
weed  out  the  many  seedlings  that  appear 
among  less  vigorous  plants.  Each  un- 
flowered  seedling  might  be  a  purer 
white,  a  deeper  rose  shade  or  bear  a 
more  fully  doubled  flower  than  any  yet 
seen,  so  they  always  go  into  the  weed 
basket  with  a  feeling  of  regret. 

Knuth,  in  the  monograph  of  tht. 
"  Geraniacete  in  Das  Pflanzenreichs," 
divides  the  genus  Geranium  into  thirty 
sections  with  259  species,  besides,  of 
course,  the  usual  crowd  of  sub-species 
and  hybrids  to  be  found  in  a  large 
genus.  Their  distribution  is  world 
wide,  in  temperate  regions  and  in  high 
mountains  of  the  Tropics.  Most  of  them, 
therefore,  are  hardy  enough  for  Britisli 
gardens,  and  taken  as  a  whole  they  are 
a  wonderfully  good-tempered,  easily 
grown  family,  gi\'ing  us  a  wide  choice 
of  colour  and  habit.  Some,  like  G. 
argenteum,  are  among  the  choicest  of 
tufted  plants  for  the  rock  garden  ;  others, 
like  G.  phaum  and  G.  pratense,  will 
grow  in  any  corner  that  would  be  unfit  for 
anything  but  Ivy  or  Periwinkle,  and 
some  of  them  look  their  best  natural- 
ised in  meadow  grass,  as  one  sees 
Geranium  sylvaticum  in  the  Lake 
District  and  the  alpine  pastures  of 
Europe. 

I  have  been  busy  this  May  morning 
transplanting  some  of  the  self-sown 
yearlings  from  border  to  pasture,  and 
it  has  been  delightful  work  to  group 
the  rich  purples  and  slatey  blues  of 
forms  of  G.  phseum  among  the  glowing 
Buttercups  and  rosy  Ragged  Robins. 
Both  look  the  brighter  for  the  arrival 
of  their  new  dusky  neighbours  and 
the  Crane's-bill  itself  takes  on  a  fresh 
beauty  as  it  looks  up  among  the  cool, 
wet  grass.  It  has  such  a  pleasant  root 
habit  that  one  can  cut  up  a  little 
tuft  with  the  trowel  from  the  dry 
places  under  larger  herbaceous  plants 
■without  cutting  any  roots,  and  the 
meadow  is  so  damp  in  the  low-lying 
stretch  that  I  am  trying  to  turn  it 
into  an  alpine  meadow,  that,  on  a 
showery  day  such  as  this,  there  should 
he  no  wilting  of  even  the  fully  open 
flowers.  It  is  not  often  one  can 
arrange  a  colour  effect  with  plants  in 
lull  flower — -and  neither  from  pots  nor 
nursery  ground,  but  just  the  result  of 
necessary  weeding. 

Let  me  plead  the  merits,  so  often 
overlooked,  of  G.  phipum,  the  dusky 
Crane's-bill   and    the   Mourning  Widow, 


as  it  is  called  according  to  choice.  The  accom- 
panying drawing  shows  the  darkest  form  I  pos- 
sess, quite  an  old-fashioned  widow,  in  deepest 
weeds,  for  the  petals  are  of  such  a  deep  claret 
colour  as  to  look  black  in  the  shade.  Looked 
at  closely  in  one's  hand  or  arranged  in  a  vase  with 
pink-flowered  Endressi  forms  one  sees  fresh 
beauties  in  the  poise  of  the  flower,  the  slightly 
recurved  petals  and  graceful  curves  of  thf  stamens 
which  vary  so  much  with  their  seniority  of  ripening. 
It  is  interesting  to  note  that  a  Geranium  differs 
from  in  Erodium  in  having  all  ten  of  its  stamens 


DARK    FORM    OF    THE    MOURNING    IRIS    (GERANIUM 
PH^EOM). 


crowned  with  anthers,  instead  of  only  on  every 
other  one.  The  outer  ring  of  five  stamens  in 
Erodium  are  always  barren,  that  is,  bear  no  anthers 
atop.  You  can  tell  the  age  of  a  Geranium  flower 
by  noting  whether  the  anthers  are  held  out  to 
touch  the  visiting  bee,  or  having  shed  their  pollen 
have  been  tucked  away  by  the  curving  of  their 
filaments,  or,  as  in  some  species,  have  dropped  off 
the  still  erect  filaments.  In  either  case  they 
end  by  effacing  themselves  to  allow  the  star- 
shaped  stigma  to  occupy  the  principal  place  in 
the  centre  of  the  flower.  Thus  a  Geranium 
flower,  soon  after  opening,  is  in  the 
poUen-bearing  or  male  stage — -five  of  its 
stamens  opening  at  a  time  and  offering 
pollen  to  its  insect  visitors.  Later  it  is 
devoid  of  pollen,  and  with  its  open  stigma 
is  in  the  feni'Je  stage,  ready  to  receive 
pollen  brcught  from  another  flower  and 
thus  the  chance  of  cross-pollination  is 
rendered  almost  certain. 

In  very  few  species  of  Geranium 
is  this  rule  deviated  from.  Some  of 
the  small-flowered  little  weeds,  such 
as  G.  dissectum  and  G.  pusillum,  being 
so  dowdy  as  to  attract  but  few 
insects,  open  their  stigmas  first  and  rely 
upon  self-fertilisation  for  the  most  part. 
Geranium  pha;um  varies  a  great  deal, 
and  [though,  perhaps,  the  darker  the 
flowers  the  more  efiective  it  is  as  a 
contrast  to  other  species,  yet  a  grouping 
of  the  various  reddish-purple  and 
slatey  grey  forms  is  very  good  to  see. 
On  the  Brenner  Pass  the  meadows 
are  full  of  a  soft  lavender-coloured 
form.  I  thought  it  rather  washy  as 
seen  there,  but  my  love  for  various 
forms  induced  me  to  bring  it  home 
and  I  have  learnt  to  appreciate  the 
pallor  of  this  variety  lividum,  as  it 
is  none  too  prettily  named. 

G.  reflexum  is  a  near  relative  of 
phaeum  and  less  attractive  from  the 
rather  crude  purple-red  of  its  flowers. 
Their  pendent  habit  and  sharply  reflexed 
petals  give  the  flowers  a  pleasant, 
wide-awake,  Cyclamen-like  air  that 
is  pleasing,  and  there  are  some  seed- 
lings flowering  now  that  appear  to  be 
hybrids,  and  maybe  a  large-flowered 
reflexed  form  with  pleasant  colouring 
will  appear  if  the  weeding  is  not  too 
vigorous  in  that  comer  of  the  garden. 

G.  platypetalum  of  Franchet  is  a 
great  contrast  with  G.  platypetalum 
of  Fischer  and  Meyer.  The  latter  X 
prefer  to  regard  as  a  fine  deep  purple 
form  of  G.  ibericum,  but  the  former 
is  the  blackest  of  all  Crane's-bills. 
Too  small  to  be  showy,  yet  it  is 
very  beautiful  looked  at  closely,  for 
there  is  a  ring  of  brilliant  crimson  at 
the  base  of  the  petals  that  contrasts 
so  well  with  their  upper  portion  of 
funereal  black.  If  only  the  flowers 
could  be  enlarged  it  would  vie  with 
some  of  the  richest  coloured  Cypripe- 
diums  in  form  and  hue. 

G.  phasum  is  wonderfully  effective 
grouped  under  shrubs,  and  so  nearly 
evergreen  that  it  pays  rent  almost  all 
the  year  round,  and  very  handsomely  for 
even  a  poor  lodging.      E.  A.  Bowles. 


•,,r»^ 


fUNE    iS,     I92I. 


THE    GARDEN; 


309 


PLANTS  in  FLOWER  at  COLESBORNE 


As  the  number  of  persons  seems  to  be 
"frowing  who  have  a  taste  for  flowers 
which,  if  not  so  showy,  are  much  more 
L  interesting  and  quite  as  beautiful  as 
"  the  florist  flowers  which  till  so  large  a 
space  in  maiiy  gardens,  I  mention  a  few  which 
are  now  in  flower  here,  all  of  which,  with  three 
or  four  exceptions,  marked  *.  are  hardy  in  this 
unfavourable  locality  and  most  of  which  are  easy 
to  grow.  I  do  not  mention  shrubs  or  anything 
which  has  a  bad  straggling  habit  or  which  is  too 
*'  miffy  "  to  be  suitable  for  any  but  very  skilled 
cultivators. 

1.  Anemone  demissa. — -A  Himalayan  species  with 
white  flowers  which  is  equal  in  beauty  to,  and  a 
much  better  doer  than,  A.  rupicola. 

2.  Arisama  coneinnum. — A  tall,  graceful  Hima- 
layan aroid  with  elegant  leaves  and  curious  flowers. 
Seems  tlie  hardiest  of  its  tribe  and  increases  fast 
in  a  deep,  shady  border. 

3.  A.  speeiosum. — From  the  same  country; 
is  much  more  beautiful,  but  not  so  hardy. 

4.  Allium  chysanthnm. — From  Tibet.  One  of 
Mr.  Farrer's  very  best  introductions,  with  globular 
golden  flowers,  dwarf  and  a  good  doer. 

5.  Aquilegia  glandulosa. — I  used  to  think  this 
impossible  to  grow  or  to  keep  true  in  England, 
but,  as  Mr.  Elliott  showed  at  the  late  Chelsea 
Show,  it  is  one  of  the  best  of  its  beautiful  genus. 

6.  Abuiilon  me^aponlicum. — A  pretty  Brazilian 
climbing  plant  which  I  owe  to  Mr.  Gerald  Loder's 
kindness.  Though  considered  tender,  it  has 
proved  hardy  here,  as  it  is  in  Sussex,  and  is  second 
only  to  A.  vitifolium,  which  is  saying  a  good  deal. 

7.  Calceolaria  polyrhiza. — -This  neat  and  pretty 
little  Andean  plant  spreads  abundantly  without 
injury  to  its  neiglibours.  and  has  an  iron  con- 
stitution which  it  has  imparted  to  its  even  more 
beautiful  hybrid,  C.  John  Innes.  perhaps  the 
best  of  Professor  Bateson's  hybrid  productions. 

8.  Centaurea  pulcherimma. — Perhaps  the  choicest 
of  a  not  very  ornamental  genus. 

9.  Coyledon  libanolicum. — A  tiny,  but  very 
pretty  little  species  for  a  dry,  sunny  place  on  the 
rock  garden.     It  has  stood  out  two  winters  here. 

10.  Cypripedium  macranthum.  11.  C.  Calccoliis. 
12.  C.  speclabile. — No  garden  is  complete  without 
at  least  one  plant  of  Lady's  Slipper,  and  of  the 
very  many  species  which  I  have  struggled,  with 
more  or  less  success,  to  collect  and  grow,  these 
three  seem  the  most  amenable  and  beautiful. 

13.  Daphne  caucasica. — I  am  not  sure  of  the 
origin  or  correct  name  of  this  compact  white 
flowered  small  bush,  whose  delicate  fragrance 
attracts  every  passer-by.  It  seems  a  free  grower 
here. 

14.  Erodium  olympicum. — To  my  mind  the 
best  of  the  dwarf  rock  plants  of  this  genus. 

15.  Haberlea  virginalis. — Though  too  rare  at 
present  to  be  risked  lightly  on  a  rock  garden, 
this  white  form  seems  to  do  as  well  under  similar 
conditions  as  H.  rhodopenses. 

16.  *  Hemerocallis  nana.  —  A  Chinese  species 
new  to  me;  has.  just  come  out  a  very  dwarf 
plant  only  6ins.  high  with  large  yellow  flowers 
like  those  of  H.  flava.  It  looks  like  a  good 
novelty,  but  is  very  fugacious. 

17.  *  Homcria  collina. — A  South  African  bulb 
which  has  no  real  claim  to  be  called  "hardy," 
but  which  seeds  itself  so  freely  in  a  cold  frame 
and  flowers  so  profusely  that  it  is  well  worth  the 
protection  of  a  light  in  winter. 

18.  *  Heeria  elegans.  —  There  are  few  prettier 
and  more  floriferous  plants  than  this  as  a  green- 
house basket  plant,  and  it  is  so  easy  to  grow  and 
propagate  that  it  can  be  used  outside  in  summer 
in  the  same  way  as  Verbena  chamEedrifolia. 


Of  Irises  I  will  not  say  much  as  their  name  is 
legion  ;  but  among  them  are  now  in  bloom  two 
which  are  my  especial  favourites. 

19.  Iris  Clarkei. — -A  beautiful  species  which 
in  Sikkim  grows  in  a  marsh  at  io,oooft..  but 
thrives  and  ripens  seed  on  the  hottest  and  driest 
part  of  my  rock  garden. 

20.  /.  chrysographis,  which  I  think  the  best 
of  the  Irises  introduced  by  Wilson  and  Forrest 
when  you  have  a  good  form  of  it. 

21.  Meconopsis. — -Of  this  beautiful  genus  the 
best  to-day  to  my  eye  is  the  old  M.  nepalensis 
(Botanical  Magazine,  5585)  on  account  of  its  lovely 
winter  foliage  and  tall  graceful  habit.  Its  one 
defect  is  that  it  is  not  perennial,  but  seed  is  always 
ripened  here.  Many  other  people,  however, 
prefer  the  blue  of  a  species  which  I  raised  from 
Forrest's  seed  and  which  I  believe  is 

22.  M.  eximia. — Some  of  the  plants  bear 
flowers  equal  in  colour  to  Bailey's  M.  simplicifolia, 
but  many  more  have  a  dull  or  leaden  tinge,  and 
the  foliage  and  habit  are  by  no  means  equal  in 
beauty  to  M.  Wallichii  or  M.  nepalensis. 

23.  Nomocharis  pardanUiina. — -I  know  too  little 
about  this  plant  and  its  congeners  as  yet,  to  be 
sure  that  they  will  become,  as  I  believe,  the  very 
choicest  and  most  popular  plants  of  their  type  ; 
but,  as  I  have  seen  it  at  Edinburgh,  and  here  for 
the  last  three  years,  I  can  say  that  it  is  the 
most  beautiful  Liliaceous  plant  now  in  flower  and 
apparently  not  difficult  to  grow. 

24.  Oxalis  adenophylla. — Though  a  child  of 
my  own,  I  look  on  this  as  the  best  of  the  genus 
and  one  of  the  very  choicest  plants  of  its  class. 

25.  Paonia  Woodwardi. — 1  have  now  come  to 
the  conclusion,  after  three  years'  trial,  that  this 
is  a  large  flowered,  dwarf  form  of  P.  Veitchii,  and. 
like  many  other  Pceonies,  will  probably  become 
liybridised  and  merged  in  a  new  race.  Anyhow, 
it  is  a  good  and  pretty  plant. 

26.  P.  Delavayi  Variety. — There  are  more  than 
two  different  plants  now  in  flower  under  this 
name.  The  tall,  large  flowered,  claret  coloured 
Moutan  has  become  coarse,  and  is  not,  in  my 
opinion,  a  desirable  plant  for  ordinary  gardens. 
The   other   has   very   finely   cut   foliage,    some   of 


the    plants    have    white    flowers,    and    at  present 
its  name  is  doubtful. 

27.  Painassia. — Though  rarely  seen  in  gardens, 
several  species  of  this  genus  are  such  neat  and 
pretty  little  plants  that,  as  they  seem  to  be  not 
difficult  to  grow,  they  should  be  tried.  The  only 
one  yet  in  flower  is  P.  mysorensis,  an  Indian 
species,  which  may  not  be  hardy.  The  best  doer 
of  all  is  the  alpine  form  of  palustris,  which,  as 
iHr.  Bowles  has  shown,  does  not  require  bog 
treatment  and  grows  well  in  a  rock  garden. 

28.  Podophyllum  Emodi  major  and 

29.  P.  pcllatum  are  so  quaint  and  curious  in  leaf, 
flower  and  fruit  that  they  cannot  be  dispensed  with. 

30.  P.  sinensis. — A  smaller  Chinese  species 
with  crimson  flowers  is  also  pretty,  though  very 
short-lived, 

31.  Primula  sikkimensis,  for  its  very  delicate 
scent,  and 

32.  P.  pulverulenta,  for  its  flowers,  are,  in  my 
garden,  easily  the  two  best  species  now  out.  Most 
of  the  new  Chinese  species  will  not  survive  long  here. 

33.  Rheum  Emodi. — Whether  this  is  the  plant 
figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine  4877  as  R. 
acuminatum  or  the  one  figured  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine  3508  as  R.  Emodi  I  am  not  quite  sure, 
but  it  is  one  of  the  most  striking  of  the  genus 
on  account  of  the  rich  colour  of  its  young  leaves 
and  flower-stem,  and  with  R.  Alexandrt-e  I  should 
select  it  as  one  of  the  best  of  its  genus. 

34.  Roscce^i  Humeana. — After  growing  this  plant 
for  three  seasons  inside  and  out,  as  well  as  all  the 
other  species  of  the  genus  in  cultivation.  I  have 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  with  R.  cantleoides 
it  is  the  best.  Both  of  them  seed  freely  and  seem 
quite  hardy.  I  have  now  in  flower  what  appears 
to  be  a  hybrid  between  them  which  has  the  dwarf 
habit  and  large  flowers  of  Humeana  with  the 
colour  of  cantleoides. 

35.  *  Saxifraga  drapensoides. — ^A  very  tiny,  but 
beautiful  little  plant  which  seems  to  have  a  better 
constitution  than  many  high  alpines. 

36.  Streptopus  amplexijolius. — -A  graceful  plant, 
like  a  branching  Solomon's  Seal,  with  brilliant 
red  berries. 

37.  *  Verbena  chamadrijolia. — One  of  the  best 
plants  in  cultivation  to  cover  a  dry,  sunny  place 
in  the  rock  garden,  but  must  be  propagated 
annually  to  preserve  it  through  an  ordinary  winter. 

H.   J.    Elwes. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


THE     ONCOCYCLUS     IRISES. 

TT  would  be  interesting  and  perhaps  useful  to 
many  if  some  of  those  who  are  endeavouring 
to  cultivate  the  wonderfully  fascinating  Onco- 
cyclus  Irises  would  give  us  short  details  of  their 
successes  or  failures  and  the  conditions  under 
which  they  were  obtained.  It  is  now  many  years 
since  the  WTiter  first  essayed  these  wekd-looking 
(in  many  cases)  yet  fascinating  Irises.  .-Vt  that 
time  the  late  Rev.  H.  Ewbank  and  a  few  others 
were  engaged  in  attempting  them,  and  the  writer 
had  a  good  deal  of  correspondence  with  Mr. 
Ewbank  and  various  other  growers  regarding 
them.  The  experience  of  those  days  was  not  very- 
satisfying,  although  a  fleeting  success  with  some 
was  secured  by  the  writer  by  planting  them  in 
shallow  soil,  with  some  lime  mixed  with  it,  on  a 
nearly  flat  outhouse  roof  in  full  sun.  and  by  cover- 
ing the  roof  bed  with  a  light  during  the  autumn 
and  early  winter  months  so  as  to  give  the  plants 
a  complete  rest.  Some,  but  not  many,  flowers 
rewarded  one  for  a  year  or  two,  but  a  prolonged 
absence  from  home  owing  to  the  death  of  a  near 
relative  led  to  the  plants  being  neglected  by  the 
one  in  charge,  and  the  experiment  was  not  repeated 
as    other    and    more    amenable    subjects    offered. 


Vet  it  is  not  possible,  after  having  flowered  such 
wonderful  Irises  as  iberica,  Gatesii  and  the  like, 
to  forget  them  or  fail  to  have  a  longing  desire  to 
try  them  again,  even  though  Mr  Dykes  does  not 
give  one  much  encouragement  in  his  works  on 
the  Iris, — S.   Arnott. 

A  PLANT  FOR  THE  FRONT  OF  THE 
HERBACEOUS  BORDER. 

T)  ARELY  do  we  come  across  good  plants  of  the 
pretty  little  Isopyrum  thalictroides,  although 
it  has  an  excellent  reputation  for  hardiness  and 
ease  of  cultivation.  It  has  been  recommended 
for  the  front  of  the  herbaceous  border  and  cilso 
for  cool  corners  of  the  rock  garden.  In  either 
it  is  a  most  exquisite  plant  only  a  few  inches  high. 
It  is  possessed  of  charming  foliage,  like  that  of 
the  Maidenhair  Fern  ;  and  the  flowers  resemble 
those  of  some  of  the  Thalictrums  of  a  most  reftned 
character  and  of  a  good  white.  Xo  more  graceful 
little  plant  exists  for  the  rock  garden,  and  one 
regrets  to  have  to  insert  a  saving  clause  in  one's 
commendations.  Yet  it  is  necessary,  if  the  comfort 
of  the  grower  and  the  welfare  of  the  plant  are 
considered.  It  is  that  I.  thalictroides  is  a  pet 
morsel  for  the  slug,   and  plant   after  plant  has 


310 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  i8,  1921. 


been  lost  through  its  voracious  appetite  for  such 
a  charming  plant.  Traps  and  careful  searching 
or  the  enemy  are  helpful,  but  the  day  may  come 
when  this  little  beauty  is  found  cropped  to  the 
ground  and  irremediably  injured  — Dumfries. 

THE    MANNA    ASH. 

A  FEW  days  ago  I  came  across  several  very  fine 
specimens  of  the  flowering,  or  Manna  Ash  in  the 
Aberystwith  district.  Two  of  the  trees  would  be 
at  least  40ft.  high  ;  they  were  most  symmetrical  in 
shape  and  the  handsomely- foliaged  boughs  were 
covered  from  top  to  bottom  with  the  creamy-white 
flowers.  Such  a  mass  of  inflorescence  were  the 
trees  carrying  that  they  seemed  at  a  little  distance 
to  have  been  lathered;  with  foam.  For  a  long 
distance  the  air  was  laden  with  the  delightful 
fragrance  and  myriads  of  bees  and  other  insects  had 
evidently  discovered  "  manna "  and  found  it 
sweet.  As  this  appears  to  be  a  very  desirable 
flowering  tree  and  one  seldom  seen,  it  would  be 
interesting  to  hear  the  experience  of  any  reader 
who  has  grown  it,  especially  as  to  its  hardiness,  the 
age  when  flowering  commences  and  the  name  of 
the  best  variety,  as  I  believe  there  are  several. — 
J.,  A^.  Wale'i. 

OBSERVATIONS    ON    NEW    INTRODUC- 
TIONS   FROM    CmNA. 

AS  an  aftermath  of  the  flower  show  one  hears 
expressions  of  disappointment  that  many  of 
the  new  Chinese  plants  have  not  lived  up  to  the 
glamour  with  which  the  descriptions  of  their 
collectors  have  surrounded  them.  It  is  partially 
justified,  this  disappointment,  but  it  is  not  entirely 
the  fault  of  their  discoverers.  Naturally  the 
personal  satisfaction  of  finding  a  new  plant  growing 
in  a  place  of  its  own  selection  is  intense Jand  may 
colour  the  description  a  little  with  a  glory  that  is 
incompatible  with  its  showing  in  a  place  chosen  for 
it  by  man.  Perhaps  people  expect  a  little  too  raucli 
from  the  first  generation  of  a  newly  introduced 
plant.  There  are  many  things  which  may  alter 
its  nature  and  flowering  capacity  ;  a  new  climate, 
new  soil,  often  a  chemical  action  in  the  seed  during 
its  long  journey  to  England,  unaccustomed  move- 
ment during  the  seedling  stage,  and  often  the 
impossibility  of  collecting  selected  seed  owing  to 
weather  conditions.  With  all  those  forces  working 
against  the  plant,  there  seems  to  be  nothing  left 
for  the  grower  to  do  but  to  sit  tight  and  hope  for 
the  best.  There  are  two  points,  however,  of  which 
a  gardener  should  take  note.  The  first  is  not  to 
mal<e  special  pets  of  the  first  germinations,  for 
early  germinations  often  come  from  seeds  which 
have  been  picked  unripe.  They  grow  to  stalk  and 
produce  poor  flowers.  The  last  seeds  in  a  pan  to 
germinate  usually  produce  the  best  results.  The 
second  point  is  not  to  be  disappointed  with  the 
flowering  capacity  of  the  first  generation.  Select 
the  best  seed  from  the  plants  and  sow  agaui.  The 
second  generation  will  be  native  raised  and  have 
had  time  to  get  acclimatised.  If  that  were  all,  time 
would  bring  the  solution,  but  there  are  strajge 
anomalies.  In  one  valley  on  the  frontier  range 
between  Burma  and  China,  the  late  Mr.  Fairer 
and  I  found  growing  in  a  space  of  a  hundred  square 
yards.  PrimulaHelodoxa,Campanulacolorata,  anda 
climber  called  Streptolirion  volubile,  a  magnificent 
'  annual  like  a  hummock  of  fresh  fallen  snow,  so 
thick  were  its  little  glistening  white  stars.  P. 
Helodoxa  is  now  known  in  the  British  Isles  as  a 
hardy,  strong  growing  Primula,  making  just  as 
fine  a  show  in  the  garden  as  it  ever  does  in  its 
native  haunts.  Campanula  colorata  also  grows  well 
n  this  country,  and  you  would  imagine  that  the 
climber  would  do  the  same,  but  it  does  not.  For 
one  thing  it  is  not  hardy,  while  in  a  greenhouse 
t  climbs  so  hard  that  it  is  unable  to  produce  more 


than  a  few  scattered  stars.  I  grew  it  with  great  care. 
It  climbed  over  everything  in  sight,  each  shoot  a 
good  6  ins.  a  day,  I  altered  the  temperature  so 
as  to  give  it  what  I  thought  were  exactly  similar 
conditions  to  those  to  which  it  was  accustomed. 
It  covered  26ft.  of  wall  and  produced  ten  flowers. 
Bees  would  not  look  at  it,  and  fertilisation  was 
hopeless.  It  died  and  there  is  no  more  of  it.  I  know 
it  is  a' wonderful  sight,  because  I  saw  it  in  Burma,  and 
yet  all  I  got  was  ridicule  for'wasting  so  much  space 
on  a  weed.  Now  take  the  other  side  of  the  picture. 
People  say  that  the  collectors  should  discriminate 
in  what  they  send  home.  I  give  two  quotations 
from  Mr.  Farrer's  "  On  the  Eaves  of  the  World." 
He  speaks  about  Primula  Woodwardii :  "  For 
here  its  long  fat  root-stalk  .  .  .  can  partake 
sufficiently  of  summer's  moisture  and  then  go  to 
rest  in  the  frozen  ground  throughout  the  alpine 
winter.  And  without  such  conditions  at  home  I 
doubt  if  P.  Woodwardii  will  ever  greatly  or  per- 
manently? condescend  .  .  ."  In  a  footnote, 
written  after  his  return  home,  he  says,  "  The  doubt 
is  quite  unjustified  and  the  warning  wholly  without 
foundation.     P.  Woodwardii,  of  all  my  Primulas, 


sixteen  months  from  seedjsowing,  and  I  though 
this  rather  a  feather  in  my  cap,  but  perhaps  other 
of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  beat  this  quid 
record. — F.  H.  C,  Rye. 

PEKNETTi'AS  |  NOT    FRUITING. 

T  REGRET  to  see  that  an  obvious  error  ha: 
crept  into  my  letter  on  Pernettyas  not  fruiting 
the  words  "male"  and  "female"  being  trans 
posed.  Most  of  your  readers  will  have  seen  the 
slip,  but  it  should  be  corrected,  even  though  it  ii 
clear  that  my  sentence  should  have  read  "  tht 
pistil  being  very  long,  and  there  being  practically 
no  stamens  in  the  female  form,  while  in  the  male 
form  the  pistil  is  quite  short  and  hardly  visible 
and  the  little  white  bells  filled  with  stamens  ful 
of  pollen." — L.  R, 

ROCK    GARDEN    CONSTRUCTION. 

nPHE   descriptions  of   the  Chelsea   rock    garden: 

which  have  recently  appeared  in  The  Gardei 

are  full  of  interest  both   to  amateur  and  profes 


A     correspondent's     "  OBJECT     LESSON.' 


proves  perhaps  the  most  hearty  and  easy  and 
permanent  in  cultivation,  so  far.  and  develops  a 
white-eyed  beauty  and  elegance  of  which  its  more 
corpulent  splendour  in  the  wilds  had  given  no 
promise,"  And  this  from  Mr,  Farrer,  who  combined 
a  tremendous  knowledge  of  the  garden  with  his 
practical  experience  in  the  field.  It  only  proves 
the  impossibility  of  any  infallible  ruling  as  to  what 
will  grow  in  its  full  splendour  and  what  will  not. 
The  only  thing  to  do  with  new  importations  from 
China  is  to  give  them  a  fair  trial,  patiently  and 
without  flustering  them  by  calling  them  and  their 
discoverers  names, — Evan  Cox. 

PLANTS    NOT    COJIMONLY    RAISED 

FROM!  SEED. 

f^NE  or  two  plants  in  flower  here  now  are  of 
interest  as  having  been  raised  from  seed. 
A  batch  of  Richardia  EUiottiana,  from  seed  sown 
in  November,  191 7,  is  very  fine.  And  Lilium 
candidum,  from  seeds  collected  in  Salonica  and 
sown  in  December,  1918,  is  now  in  flower,  tall, 
full-flowered  spikes  of  exceptional  vigour  and  health. 
Richardia  sethiopica,  sown  in  September,  1919, 
and  given  careful  treatment,   began   to  flower  in 


sional,  and  it  is  largely  through  the  sound  judg- 
ment and  measured  criticisms  in  such  reports 
that  the  great  strides  in  rock  garden  construction 
and  furnishing  which  have  been  made  within  recent 
years  are  due.  If  there  is  one  thing  more  tlian 
another  in  these  articles  in  which  the  striving 
amateur  like  myself  rejoices  it  is  the  opinions 
expressed  upon  the  error  of  forfeiting  faithfulness 
to  nature  by  the  exercise  of  practices  in  colour 
scheming  or  extravagant  design.  Some  of  us  are 
apt  to  indulge  in  too  much  "building"  in  rock 
garden  construction.  Nature  never  builds  in  her 
rock  gardens.  What  she  does  is  to  adorn  the  ruin, 
to  clothe  with  colour  and  verdure  the  crumbling- 
wreckage  of  the  raw  work  of  her  youth.  That 
each  one  of  us  must  form  his  plans  to  some  extent 
in  accordance  with  his  surroundings  must  be 
granted,  but  it  is  a  mistake  to  attempt  to  subordin- 
ate the  surroundings  by  a  too  meretricious  effort 
in  construction.  It  is  a  mistake  also  to  render  any 
one  mass  of  colour  predominant.  We  must  view 
the  rock  garden  as  a  whole  and,  while  noticing  the 
individual  plants,  enjoy  it  generally  as  we  would 
the  glorious  effect  of  an  alpine  meadow  in  June. 
The  accompanying  illustration  of  the  rock  gardens 
at  the  Tyn  y  Coed  Convalescent  Home,  Llandudno, 


June  i8,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


m 


may  afford  the  reader,  as  it  affords  me,  au  object 
lesson  in  construction  wliicli  is  good  because 
coTistruction  is  entirely  subordinated  by  tlie  result. 
It  shows  what  can  be  achieved  on  a  perfectly 
flat  plot  of  ground  helped  by  no  natural  features. 
Here  the  effect  of  effort  towards  some  idfal 
IS  absent,  not  because  there  has  been  no 
effort,  but  because,  like  a  good  picture,  you 
see  in  the  garden  only  that  impression  which 
it  is  intended  to  convey.  The  craftsmanship  of 
the  artist  is  subjugated  by  the  beauty  ol  tha 
finished   work. — A.   T.    J. 


GARDENING     OF    iT^HjE     WEEK 


New    and    Rare    Plants 

No  fewer  than  thirty-six  novelties  were  placed 
before  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Floral 
Committee  on  June  7,  but  only  four  were  selected 
for  awards.  The  following  are  the  most  interesting 
of  the  plants  on  view  : 

Hydrangea  Etincelant.— This  is  an  excellent 
variety  of  the  Hydrangea  that  figures  so  much 
in  florists'  shops  during  the  late  winter  and  spring. 
The  trusses  are  very  large,  flatfish  and  compact, 
and  the  rich  rosy  pink  flowers  are  prettily  crimped. 
Award  of  Merit  to  Mr.  T.  Stevenson. 

Dianthus  Buy  Bias. — A  brilliant  smgle  Pink 
of  perfect  form,  and  apparently  very  free  blooming. 
The  contrast  between  the  deep  rose  pink  and  the 
dusky  crimson  eye  is  most  effective.  It  will  no 
doubt  be  a  good  variety  for  both  the  lower  parts 
of  the  rock  garden  and  the  flower  border.  Award 
of  merit  to  Mr.  M.  Prichard. 

Iris  Ambassadeur. — This  is  an  almost  regal 
flower  of  Germanica  type  and  one  that  should  have 
a  great  future.  The  standards  are  of  fascinating 
smoky  purple  colour,  while  the  orange  bearded 
falls  are  velvety  purple  maroon.  Quite  the  Iris 
of  the  year.  Award  of  merit  to  Messrs.  G.  G. 
Whitelegg  and  Co. 

Potentilla  Warrensii. — An  excellent  plant  for 
the  front  of  the  hardy  flower  border.  The  rich 
yellow  flowers  are  fully  an  inch  and  a  half  across 
and  they  open  out  quite  flat.  Award  of  merit  to 
Mr.  H.  Hemsley. 

Bhododendron  brachyanthum. — One  of  the 
small-flowered  section,  somewhat  of  glaucum  type. 
The  waxy,  pale  yellow  flowers  have  relatively  long 
stalks.     Shown  by  Mr.  H.  White. 

Bhododendron  Madame  Moser.— The  chief 
interest  in  this  hybrid  lies  in  the  double  flowers. 
The  colour  is  deep  pink,  but  the  trusses  have  few 
flowers.  The  name  of  the  exhibitor  did  not  appear. 
Buddleia  alternifolia. — An  exceedingly  graceful 
shrub.  The  m^Tiads  of  soft  greyish  lilac  flowers 
are  clustered  around  the  previous  season's  growths, 
making  long,  graceful  sprays  of  most  fragrant 
blossom.  The  narrow  leaves  are  about  three  inches 
ong.  deep  green  above  and  silvery  beneath.  Shown 
by  Mr.  Lionel  de  Rothschild. 

Veronica  Teucrium  Shirley  Blue. — The  basket 
of  this  dwarf  variety  was  a  mass  of  deep  blue 
flowers.  The  spikes  are  shortish,  but  are  well 
furnished  with  relatively  large  flowers.  Shown  by 
Messrs.  B.  Ladhams,  Limited. 
i  Chrysanthemum  maximum  Rentpayer.— This 
I  is  probably  the  best  of  the  hardy  border  varieties. 
The  flowers  have  long  stout  stems  and  they  are 
large  and  of  pure  colour.  Shown  by  Messrs.  Rich 
and  Co. 

<  Dianthus  General  Frlburg,  V.C— This  awc^f 
Pink  bears  flowers  -quite  as  large  as  many  border 
Carnations.     They  are  very  double,  of  deep  crimson 

1  colour  and  moderately  fragrant.  Domino  Noir 
from  the  same  source  is  a  similar  flower,  but 
■duskier  in  colour.     Shown  by  Mr.  M.  Prichard. 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

General  Work. — -Late-planted  herbaceous  sub- 
jects must  receive  attention  as  regards  watering 
during  dry  spells  or  they  will  be  adversely  affected 
during  the  rest  of  the  season.  Continue  the 
staking  of  herbaceous  plants.  Regulate  growths 
of  Clematis  and  other  climbing  plants  and  lightly 
support  as  necessary.  Border  Carnations  must 
be  staked  and  moderate  disbudding  practised. 
Sweet  Peas  may  be  given  a  sprinkling  of  an 
approved  fertiliser  and  the  hoe  used  afterwards. 
Violets  planted  out  to  grow  on  for  frame  work 
next  autumn  must  be  kept  free  from  runners  and 
weeds,  and  on  all  hot  days  the  plants  should  be 
well  syringed  late  in  the  afternoon. 

Campanula  pyramldalis.— This  plant  is  generally 
associated  with  the  cool  flowering  house,  but  in 
warm  districts  it  is  excellent  for  border  use.  It  is 
one  of  the  most  useful  plants  we  have  for  growing 
on  in  pots  to  replace  some  of  the  early-flowering 
subjects  on  the  borders.  If  potted  into  7in.  or 
Sin.  pots  and  kept  back  as  much  as  possible,  the 
blue  variety  comes  in  useful  to  plunge  between 
roots  of  Delphiniums  when  the  display  from  the 
latter  is  getting  somewhat  spent. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Late  Potatoes. — Keep  the  ground  free  from 
weeds  by  hoeing,  and  previous  to  earthing  up 
give  the  ground  a  forking  over  if  at  all  set.  as  the 
work  of  moulding  up  can  then  be  much  more 
quickly  accomplished.  On  light  dry  soils  it  is 
advisable  not  to  pull  the  soil  up  too  tightly  to 
the  stems  of  the  plants  or  they  will  not  be  able 
to  reap  full  benefit  from  the  rain,  a  point  which 
does  not  matter  so  much  on  stiffer  and  cooler 
soils. 

Thinning  Main  Crops  of  Carrots,  Beetroots  and 
Turnips  must  be  attended  to  as  soon  as  possible 
after  the  seedlings  are  sufficiently  advanced. 
The  thinning  of  these  crops  is  more  important 
than  the  thinning  of  earlier  ones,  as  each  root  or 
bulb  must  be  given  a  fair  chance  of  proper  develop- 
ment, as  it  is  useless  to  have  to  store  only  half- 
grown  produce.  A  showery  day  is  the  best  one 
to  choose  for  the  work  of  thinning,  and  after 
finishing  give  a  dusting  of  soot  and  wood-ashes 
and  use  the  Dutch  hoe  between  the  rows. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Azalea  Indica. — Failing  a  cool  shaded  house 
for  these  plants  during  summer  a  cool  pit  wiU  do 
for  them.  Another  method  of  treatment,  and 
one  quite  suitable,  is  to  place  them  out  of  doors 
under  the  shade  of  a  wall  or  hedge,  taking  care 
to  keep  them  well  syringed  to  ward  off  thrips. 

Winter-flowering  Geraniums.— The  final  pot- 
ting into  5in  ,  6in.  or  7in.  pots  should  be  firmly 
done  and  the  plants  placed  in  a  sunny  position. 
Water  must  be  most  sparingly  supplied  until  the 
pots  are  full  of  roots  and  even  then  it  is  far  safer 
to  keep  Geraniums  on  the  dry  side. 

Chrysanthemums  required  for  exhibition  and 
early  work  will  probably  have  been  potted  finally 
before  now,  but  main  batch  and  late  ones  for 
general  decorative  purposes  will  be  in  ample  time 
if  done  now.  LIse  a  good  rough  compost  of  two- 
thirds  loam  and  one  part  leaf-soil  and  one  part 
old  Mushroom  manure  with  some  sand  to  give 
porosity. 

Tree  Carnations. — The  young  plants  may  be 
placed  in  cold  frames  where  house  room  is  in- 
sufficient, and  the  lights  removed  enturely  except 
during  heavy  rains.  Spray  with  soft  water 
occasionally  to  keep  plants  clean  and  fresh,  and 
fumigate  at  the  first  sign  of  fly.  For  final  potting 
the  pots  may  be  anything  from  sins,  to  8ins. 
across;  for  general  purposes  6in.  and  7in.  ones 
will_be  found  suitable. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Early  Vines  with  ripe  or  ripening  fruit  must 
have  an  abundance  of  air.  and  while  the  roots 
must  not  be  allowed  to  suffer  from  lack  of  moisture, 
the  amount  atmospherically  must  be  considerably 
reduced,  and  the  little  water  which  is  given  must 
be  applied  in  the  morning.  Should  the  foliage  of 
Black  Hamburg  or  Madresfield  Court  not  afford 
a  good  covering,  a  slight  shade  may  be  given  at 
this  stage.  H.  Turner 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 

Albury   Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 


FOR    NORTHERN    GARDENS. 
The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Salads. — To  keep  up  a  constant  supply  of 
salads  it  is  essential  that  regular  sowings  should 
be  made.  Lettuce  sown  fortnightly  comes  in 
nicely.  If  the  weather  is  hot  and  dry  it  is  well 
to  have  the  soil  rich  as  this  encourages  quick  and 
tender  growth.  Sow  thinly  and  thinrfout  the 
seedlings  to  6ins.  apart.  Small  weekly  sowings  of 
Mustard  and  Cress  should  also  be  made.  Sowings 
of  Radishes  should  be  made  in  frames  which  have 
been  cleared  of  bedding  material 

Broccoli. — Should  showery  weather  prevail 
advantage  may  be  taken  to  have  the  young  plants 
put  out.  Have  the  ground  reasonably  firm  so 
that  stocky  plants  which  will  be  well  able  to  stand 
the  winter  storms  may  be  obtained.  Plant  no  less 
than  2ft  apart  and  afford  generous  cultivation 
during  the  growing  season. 

Tomatoes. — Continue  to  top-dress  or  otherivise 
assist  in  the  swelling  of  the  fruit  by  waterings  of 
liquid  manure  :  pinch  out  all  lateral  growths  and 
stop  plants  where  the  desired  number  of  trusses 
have  set.  This  improves  the  quality  and  weight 
of  the  fruits  retained  and  prevents  the  plants  from 
wasting  their  energy  on  unnecessary  growth. 

Cucumbers. — Fruiting  plants  which  may  be 
getting  somewhat  exhausted  should  also  be  fed 
with  liquid  manure,  while  other  successional  lots 
must  be  attended  to  in  the  way  of  thinning,  stop- 
ping and  tying  in  of  the  shoots.  In  frames  the 
main  growths  must  be  kept  stopped  until  sufficient 
shoots  are  obtained  to  furnish  the  surface  of  the 
bed,  when  they  may  be  allowed  to  come  into 
bearing.  Top-dress  with  nice  loamy  material, 
while  if  the  weather  remains  warm  the  plants  may 
be  syringed  morning  and  afternoon. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Vines.^Second  houses  should  again  be  looked 
over  and  where  necessary  subjected  to  another 
thinrung,  for  however  well  the  first  thiiming  may 
have  been  done,  there  are  always  at  this  time  a 
few  more  berries  which  may  well  be  dispensed  with, 
and  the  work  is  best  carried  out  now  when  it  can 
be  done  much  easier  and  with  less  damage  to  the 
bloom  than  when  left  till  they  are  a  larger  size. 
Keep  all  sub-lateral  growths  in  check  up  to  the 
time  the  berries  are  stoning,  when  this  work  may  be 
somewhat  relaxed  for  a  period.  Provided  the 
borders  are  thoroughly  drained  they  vrill  require 
frequent  waterings,  when  sufficient  should  be  given 
at  a  time  to  moisten  the  soil  thoroughly  from  the 
top  to  the  bottom  of  the  border. 

Young  Peach  Trees  should  receive  careful 
attention  in  the  way  of  training  so  that  nice  evenly 
balanced  trees  may  result.  Utilise  the  best  young 
shoots,  training  these  as  straight  as  possible 
from  the  base  at  different  angles  and  equal  distances. 
Where  shoots  are  produced  freely  disbud  with 
discretion,  allowing  the  leaders  to  extend,  but  never 
allow  overcrowding  in  any  way.  Keep  the  trees 
clean  by  syringing  freely  during  bright  weather, 
mulch  over  the  roots  with  well  decayed  manure  and 
so  restrain  evaporation. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

'  'Decorative  Dahlias. — These  may  be  planted 
out  without  further  delay  and  can  be  used  with 
fine  effect  for  large  beds  on  the  lawn  or  dotted 
through  the  mixed  flower  border.  Where  no  special 
preparation  has  been  given  the  soil  it  is  %vell  to 
incorporate  some  well  rotted  cow- manure  when 
planting,  as  Dahlias  are  gross  feeders  and  well 
repay  this  additional  attention  by  an  extra  pro- 
fusion of  flower.  Stake  when  planting,  attending 
to  tying  as  growth  proceeds. 

Herbaceous  Borders. — where  borders  have 
not  been  replanted  for  several  years  many  of  the 
larger  groups  enjoy  a  rich  top-dressing  of  any  old 
well  decayed  material  that  may  check  evaporation' 
as  it  is  most  noticeable  the  limp  appearance  which 
some  of  the  strong-growing  subjects  assume  during 
a  hot,  dry  spell,  and  in  many  instances  watering 
large  borders  is  quite  impossible  owing  not  only 
to  water  difficulties  but  to  depletion  of  stafts  as 
well.  Perennial  Asters  and  such  like  autumn- 
flowering  plants  will  now  require  staking  and  tying. 
Keep  the  hoe  going  in  all  open  parts  of  the  border 
and  so  keep  weeds  in  check. 

James  McGrav 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.) 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


312 


THE    GARDEN. 


[June  i8,   1921. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— T^e  Editor  cndettvoms 
to  make  THE  Gakeen  lielplul  to  all  readers  uho  desire 
assistance,  no  matter  vliat  the  brunch  of  gardening  may  be, 
and  with  that  object  males  a  special  featicre  of  Hie  •'Amwers 
to  Correspondents  "  columns.  All  commtinications  shovld  be 
clearly  and  covcisclii  iciitlm  en  one  tiae  ol  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  'o  the  EnnoR  of  The  GiEnEN,  20,  Tatistock 
Utreet,  Corent  Garden.  London,  TI'.C'.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  are  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  lie 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  lor  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-uool,  and  ficuering 
shoots,  uhere  possible,  should  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  PCBllSHEE. 


sliould  be  treated  in  the  mauner  advised  for  Dapline 
Mezereum.  Tlie  best  time  to  insert  cuttings  of  Clematis 
Jaclimanni  is  spring,  when  young  shoots  with  a  lieel  sliould 
be  rla<^cd  in  a  close  propagating  frame,  but  here  again 
layering  is  an  easier  method  for  the  amateur  who  desires 
to  raise  only  a  limited  number  of  plants.  Generally 
nurserymen  bud  the  varieties  of  Clematis  on  pieces  of  the 
roots  of  Clematis  vitalba  or  C.  flammula,  but  some  grow 
a  proportion  of  their  stock  on  their  own  roots.  It  will 
be  remembered  that  a  few  years  back  there  was  considerable 
discussion  in  our  columns  on  this  vexed  question. 


FLOWER  GARDEN. 

SINGLE  PEONIES  (Dunmow).— The  names  of  single 
and  double)  Pa:-onies  are  legion,  consequently  it  is  some- 
what an  invidious  task  to  select  "  one  or  two  good  vigorous 
varieties  not  high  priced,"  particularly  with  no  mention 
of  favourite  colours  as  a  guide.  But  we  feel  that  the  follow- 
ing would  be  satisfactory  :  Albiflora  simplex,  white ; 
Eosy  Mom,  blush  ;  Abyla,  rose  ;  Tivynliam  Glory,  pink  ; 
and'Tlie  Marquis,  deep  crimson. 

SWEET  PEA  SEED  (D.  C.).— If  the  flowers  that  open 
first  are  allowed  to  "  set  for  seed  "  this  will  materially 
reduce  the  crop  of  flowers.  The  plants  could  well  be 
allowed  to  bloom  for  several  weeks  and  the  flowers  be  cut, 
as  suggested,  and  then  sufficient  left  for  seed  ;  but  cuttuig 
should  be  suspended  before  the  flowers  begin  to  lose  sue, 
which  they  atoiost  invariably  do  as  the  season  advances. 
NARCISSI  AND  LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY  UNSATIS- 
FACTORY (W.  A.,  Lancashire).— As  the  bulbs  have  no 
doubt  become  unduly  crowded  this  would  account  for  the 
few  flowers  that  have  been  produced  this  year.  Daffodils 
ana  Narcissus  should  be  lifted  and  replanted  at  least 
every  thh-d  year  when  grown  under  garden  conditions 
if  good  displays  of  bloom  are  expected.  As  soon  as  ti,e 
foUage  has  turned  yellow  the  bulbs  should  be  hited, 
sorted  and  laid  out  in  the  sun  for  a  few  days  prior  to  being 
replanted.  If  nossible.  they  should  be  grown  in  a  fresh 
place  and  planting  mav  well  be  done  as  soon  as  the  bulbs 
have 'become  properly  sun-dried.  Fresh  manure  of  any 
kind  should  he  avoided,  and  generally  the  best  organic 
manure  for  these  bulbs  is  spent  Mushroom  bed.  but 
thoroughly  decayed  farmyard  manure,  well  broken  up 
and  incorporated"  with  the  soil  may  be  used.  Bone-meal 
at  the  rate  of  0  ozs  to  the  square  yarn,  is  an  exceUent 
fertiUser  for  bulbous  plants,  and  this  may  be  used  m 
addition  to  any  animal  manure.  As  the  bulbs  will 
certainly  be  of  m'oderate  quality  only  the  largest  should  be 
replante'd  A  common  mistake  is  too  shallow  planting. 
Daffodils  should  be  planted  at  an  average  of  3ms.  deep 
according  to  size  of  bulb  and  nature  of  soil.  The  bigger 
the  bulb  the  deeper  the  planting,  and  deep  planting  on 
light  soils  are  good  rules  to  remember.  The  above 
remarks  anent  overcrowoing  apply  also  to  Lily  of  the 
Valley  except  that  the  crowns  of  this  plant  should  not 
be  lifted  so  frequently.  If  they  are  not  badly  overciowded 
lift  only  a  portion  of  the  bed  after  the  leaves  have  died 
doyra  and  top-dress  the  remainder  so  as  to  endeavour 
to  get  some  flower-spikes,  even  if  small,  next  >ear.  AU 
the  lifted  cro^Mis  should  be  sorted  into  three  sizes,  and  if 
increase  of  stock  is  needed,  all  n.ay  be  replanted.  Other- 
wise retain  only  the  required  quantity  of  the  larger. 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  lily  of  the  Valley  is  a 
woodland  plant,  so  it  must  not  be  expected  to  thrive  m 
full  sunshine.  The  best  position  is  on  a  north  border. 
In  preparuig  the  soil  liberal  quantities  of  leaf-mould 
and  decayed  manure  should  be  added.  The  selected 
crowns  should  be  planted  so  that  the  tips  are  just  exposed. 

TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

PROPAGATING  THE  ENGLISH  HAWTHORN  (A.  E.  C, 

America).— The  "  May  Tree,"  as  the  English  Hawthorn 
is  often  commonly  termed,  is  usuaUy  propogated  from  seed. 
The  *•  Haws,"  when  first  gathered,  are  spread  out  thinly 
to  prevent  heating  and  then  laid  in  a  heap  to  rot.  The 
seeds  are  then  mixed  with  fine  soil  or  sand  and  buned 
about  Oins  deep.  Where  depredations  of  mice  are  feared 
the  seeds  are  lifted  and  sown  the  foUowing  sprmg,  otherwise 
they  are  left  till  October.  Such  hard  seeds  as  these  often 
remain  dormant  for  a  long  period.  The  named  vanetiea 
of  Hawthorn  are  "  worked  "  on  the  seedlings.  The 
common  Han-tliom  is  somewhat  variable  as  to  colour 
though  the  flowers  are  generally  white,  and  it  is  not  at 
all  unusual  to  find  them  become  pmkish  a  few  days  after 
they  are  fully  open ;  this  almost  invariably  happens  with 
the  double  white  variety.  The  degree  of  pmtaiess  in  the 
common  Ha\\-thom  depends  to  a  great  extent  on  the  season 
■  and  becomes  most  pronounced  when  the  weather,  .at  the 
tmie  of  blooming,  is  hot  and  sunny.  During  dull  and 
cool  seasons  the  flowers  may  not  become  tinged  with  colour 
at  all,  or  only  sUghtly  so, 

PROPAGATING  SHRUBS  (D,  C,).— The  easiest  method 
of  propagating  Daphne  Mezereum  is  by  sowing  seeds  aa 
soon  as  they  riper ,  that  is,  in  the  .autumn.  They  should 
be  sown  thinly  in  sandy  soil  and  placed  in  a  cool  frame. 
Failing  seeds,  we  suggest  layermg  a  few  of  the  lower 
shoots ;  layering  is  always  an  easier  and  more  sure 
method  for  the  amateur  than  cuttings.  But  if  it  is  desired 
to  try  cuttmga  the  best  method  is  to  insert  ripened  growths 
during  the  autumn,  winter  them  in  a  cold  frame,  and 
transfer  to  gentle  heat  in  the  spring,    Pyrus  japonica 


MISCELL.\NEOUS, 

PRESERVING  GARDEN  FRAMES  (D,  C.).— On  no 
account  should  creosote  be  used  as  a  preservative  for  any 
woodwork  connected  with  plant  culture.  The  fumes  that 
are  given  off  for  a  considerable  time  are  most  deleterious 
to  plants.  We  have  known  several  instances  of  serious 
losses  through  the  creosctir.g  of  greenhouse  staging,  and 
even  from  wooden  pathways  which  had  been  left  in  the 
open  air  for  six  weeks  after  they  were  dressed  with  crecsote. 
In  this  last-menticned  instance  such  tender  foliaged 
plants  as  Maidenhair  Ferns,  Heliotropes,  Irtsines  and 
Zonal  Pelargoniums  were  severely  damaged.  As  an 
economical  dressing  of  the  wooden  frames  is  desirea  we 
suggest  lightly  tarring  the  outsides,  sprinkling  well  with 
sand  before  the  tar  dries,  and  painting  the  insides.  The 
paint  should  be  T\hite  or  light  drab  in  colour  in  order  to 
have  as  much  light  as  possible  for  the  plants  during  the 
whiter, 

NAMES  OF  PLANTS.— A.  G.  B.— Iris  squalens  var. 

K.    G.    H..    Somerset. — Hose    Mrs.    Rosalie    Wrinch. 

"Bex." — Probably  Acer  distylum  (Japan). G.  I.  C.-B. 

—Probably  Arctotis,  which  is  a  perennial,  and  requires 
greenhouse  treatment,  potted  in  light,  rich,  well-dramed 
soil, 

The  Old  Garden  Columbines.  —  Beautiful 
and  desirable  though  the  long  spurred  Aqui- 
legias  are,  there  is  a  charm  about  the  old 
garden  Columbines  (A.  vulgaris)  that  the  others 
scarcely  possess.  Where  they  do  well — and 
there  is  hardly  a  garden  where  they  do  not — 
they  sow  themselves  at  will  and  many  pleasant 
surprises  await  the  patient  gardener.  Their 
varied  colourings  are  all  delightlul  and  comprise 
nearly  every  tint  except  yellow  and  pure  blue. 
There  are  fine  purples,  from  those  of  a  bluish 
shade  to  an  almost  inky  black  ;  many  shades  of 
rosy  red  and  tender  pink,  as  well  as  pure  white 
and  pale  lilac.  One  of  the  finest  is  the  large 
puie  white,  which,  though  unwilling  to  vary, 
has  at  length  broken  into  a  good  light 
blue  of  the  same  size  and  quality ;  and 
there  are  a  number  of  kinds  with  double  flowers. 
Columbines  are  not  only  good  in  the  flower 
borders  in  the  end  of  May  and  the  first  days  of 
June,  but  they  are  delightful  in  wood  edges  and 
half  wild  places.  It  is  only  natural  that  it  should 
be  so,  as  the  native  plant  from  which  they  are 
derived  is  found  in  copses  and  half  shady  places. 
The  large  white  especially  is  a  first-rate  woodland 
plant  ;  it  is  of  such  strong  character  that  it  resists 
outer  influences,  and  though,  after  some  thirty 
years  of  remaining  absolutely  fixed,  it  has  now 
given  a  pale  blue,  such  a  deviation  is  a  rare 
exception.  The  ordinary  coloured  kinds,  on  the 
other  hand,  mix  freely  and  no  one  marked  kind 
can  be  depended  on  to  reproduce  itself  exactly. 

Summer-Flowering  Kniphof.as. — One  is  accus- 
tomed to  associate  the  Red  H  ot  Pokers  with  the  idea 
of  stately  autumn-flowering  plants  that  varieties 
which  flower  at  any  other  season  of  the  year  are 
scarcely  ever  seen  in  gardens.  Yet  there  is  quite 
a  number  of  June  and  early  summer-flowering 
forms  that  make  grand  plants,  among  them  K. 
foliosa.  This  is  a  very  stately  and  commanchng- 
looking  plant,  reaching  a  good  6ft.  in  height  with 
dense  tufts  of  bold  Yucca-like  leaves  and  handsome 
spikes  of  unusually  bright  scarlet  flowers,  fading 
off  to  pale  chrome  yellow  with  age.  The  plants 
should  be  afforded  a  well  sheltered  and  very  sunny 
spot,  for  as  they  flower  so  early,  they  begin  growth 
correspondingly  early,  and  if  in  an  exposed 
position,  are  apt  to  be  severely  cut  by  late  frosts 
that  so  often  occur.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  bunch 
the  leaves  of  K.  foliosa  in  late  autumn  and  tie 
them  together  at  the  top  so  as  to  form  a  thatch 
which  keeps  the  rain  and  wet  out  of  the  crown. 

The  White  Tree  Lupine.— This  Tree  Lupine 
is  always  rather  weak  in  habit,  and  if  it  is  to  be 


displayed  in  good  bush  form  it  must  have  some 
careful  staking  a  good  month  before  its  time  of 
blooming.  This  attention  had  been  neglected 
in  the  case  of  a  thriving  young  plant  in  a  flower 
border  ;  it  has  taken  its  own  way  and  lies  out 
upon  the  ground  and  looks  so  well  that  it  has  taught 
us  a  useful  lesson  in  a  new  way  of  growing  this 
pretty  thing  ;  as  a  well  flowered  spreading  plant 
barely  ift.  high. 

A  Useful  Campanula  for  the  Rock  Garden.— 

Portenschlagiana  is  a  gem  in  the  rock  garden  at 
present ;  will  flower  for  some  weeks  and  again  in 
September — a  time  when  the  alpine  garden  is  apt 
to  get  a  little  bare  of  flowers.  The  habit  is  very 
compact  and  tufted  in  its  growth,  with  Ivy  shaped 
light  green  foliage  serrated  all  round  the  edges. 
The  flowers,  like  tiny  bells,  bcrne  in  such  pro- 
fusion as  to  hide  the  fohage,  are  deep  purple  in 
colour,  and  the  plants  make  an  ideal  edging  to 
borders  of  hardy  flowers,  being  especially  valuable 
as  they  flower  twice — -the  last  time,  when  blue  is 
a  very  scarce  colour.  Propagation  is  easily 
effected  in  autumn  by  lifting  and  dividing  the  older 
clumps  into  small  pieces.  This  should  be  carefully 
done  as  the  roots  are  thick  and  fleshy,  and  the  less 
they  are  broken  the  better.  We  do  not  find  that 
they  succeed  nearly  so  well  when  divided  in  the 
spring  as  in  autumn,  though  the  division  should 
not  be  done  too  late  in  the  year. 

The  Canadian  Birds-Foot  Fern  'Adiantum 
pedatum). — The  Canadian  Buds-foot  Fern  is  one 
of  the  gems  of  the  hardy  Fern  garden  at  the  present 
time,  with  its  tall  fronds  reaching  to  a  height  of 
i8ins.  or  2ft.  on  dense  black,  glossy  stems,  spreading 
at  the  top  into  a  half-circle  of  further  divided  stems, 
carrying  light  green  pinnai.  To  ensure  the  most 
perfect  plants  you  must  give  them  a  very  sheltered 
position,  for  they  commence  to  push  up  thi  ir 
young  fronds  too  early  for  our  treacherous  spriuLj 
weather  and,  if  in  an  exposed  part,  you  will  find 
that  they  have  been  "  caught"  and  seared  by  a 
late  frost.  For  this  reason  they  are  often  grown 
in  pots  in  a  cold  house,  but  this  is  not  necessary 
if  you  choose  your  place.  Having  had  our  plants 
damaged  several  years  in  succession,  we  decided  to 
try  what  a  fresh  site  would  do.  Partial  shade  was 
chosen,  where  the  sun  shone  on  the  plants  for 
a  short  while  only,  late  in  the  afternoon,  so  th.it 
even  if  frost  did  touch  them  they  would  not  be 
thawed  suddenly  early  in  the  morning.  Too  moist 
a  spot  is  also  a  mistake;  they  appreciate  evrn 
dampness,  but  detest  sodden  wet.  Under  th' - 
conditions  A.  pedatum  makes  very  handsome  spoi  i- 
mens  from  April  to  the  end  of  August,  and  in  nino 
seasons  out  of  ten  you  will  have  no  cause  to 
complain  of  disfigured  fronds. 

A  Violet-Scented  Crab.— in  several  ways  th  • 
Bechtel  Crab  (Pyrus  ia:-nsis  flore  pleno)  is  the  mo-t 
distinct  and  easily  recognised  of  the  Malus  (Crab' 
group  of  Pyruses.  The  delicious  Violet  fragraiu  l- 
and  large  size  of  the  individual  blossoms,  2ins.  to 
ajins.  across,  at  once  arrest  attention.  It  is  one 
of  the  last  of  the  Flowering  Crabs  to  open  the 
delicate  pink  blossoms  towards  the  closing  days 
of  May.  As  these  are  semi- double,  having 
numerous  petals,  the  flowers  last  in  beauty  longer 
than  most  of  the  famUy.  The  Bechtel  Crab  was 
first  distributed  by  Messrs.  Bechtel  of  Illinois, 
United  States  of  America,  in  iSgi  as  Pyrus  angusti- 
folia  flore  pleno.  Unfortunately,  the  subject 
of  this  note  is  also  sometimes  met  with  in  gardens 
under  the  name  of  P.  coronaria  flore  pleno. 
Its  affinity,  however,  with  P.  ioensis  is  beyond 
dispute,  the  undersides  of  the  leaves  in  this  species 
and  the  Bechtel  Crab  being  conspicuously  woolly. 


Publication  Received. 
•  The  Journal  of  Pomology,"  May,  1921,  edited  by  E,  A. 
Bunyard,  F.L.S.     Published  by  George  Bunyard  and 
Co.,  "Limited,  Maidstone  ;    price  39.  6d, 


June  i8,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


v.* 


MRS.    PYM'S 

"amous    Plants 

fecial  very  cheap  Clearance  Offer  of  strong 
transplanted,  well  hardened  Plants.  12j- 
worth  for  10  -,  post  free  (4d.  extra  for 
orders  under  3j-).  Best  strains  procurable. 
Will  make  a  glorious  show   for  months. 

Asters,  flouMi'  and  >ini:Ie,  Ageratum,  blue  or  raam''. 
tirrhinums,  all  ctilmir.-;  i_ir  niixrd.  Alyssum,  wiiitr  caiint. 
Isams,  douMt'.  Coleus.  Calliopsis.  Chrysanthemums, 
uml.  Cornflowers,  hUn-.  Clarkia,  doulih .  Qaillardias. 
"kspur.  Nemesia.  Phlox  Brunimoudii.  Salpiglossis. 
icks,  ten  weeks.  Verbenas,  mixed  or  scarliT,  Zinnias, 
ihle  L'iant.  mixed  or  crimson.  Canary  Creeper.  Sweet 
1  plant?.     20,  1/4,  lUU  a^^ortcd,  5/J. 

^Iceolarias,  yellow  or  n  d.  Brompton  Stocks,  lar^;*' 
I  old.  Dianthus.  Dahlias,  mixi  d.  Kochia,  simimer 
)ress.  Nicotiana  Tobacco,  nd  or  wbite.  Petunias,  large 
ibition.     ScarUt  Musk.     Pansies.     Violas.     12,  1/4. 

.obelia,  dwarf  blue  or  white,  50.  2/-,  100.  3/6.  Marguerites, 
,te  or  yellow,  6,  1/4.  Heliotrope,  dwarf  beddinti,  giant 
ds  of  fragrant  liooni,  6.  1/0.  Pentstemon,  scarlet  or  niixi  d. 
1/6.  Salvia,  scarlrt.  Pride  of  Zurich,  6,  1/4.  Begonias, 
uson,  6,  1/4.  Cannas,  Crozy's  lovely  hybrids,  year  did, 
1/6.  Auriculas,  show  or  alpine,  6,  1/6.  Eucalyptus, 
./4.  Primula  obconica,  new  giant  beauty  varieties,  lovely 
)iir?.  4,  1/4.  Lobelia  cardinalis  Queen  Victoria,  4,  1/4. 
-nations,  cood  border,  6,  1/6.  Tritoma,  red  hot  pokt-r,  3, 
.  Streptocarpus,  lovely  new  large  hybrid?,  4,  1/4.  Helio- 
pe,  very  dark,  large,  fragrant,  4,  1/4.  Chrysanthemums, 
inp  sturdy  rooled  cuttings,  summer,  autimm  or  winter 
refing,  house  or  garden,  white,  yellow,  bronze  or  mixed, 
1/6.  Cobea  seandens,  splendid  climber,  4,  1/4.  Passion 
wer,  hardy,  blue  or  white,  2,  1/4. 

trong  trani^planted  Vegetable  Marrow,  Ridge  Cucumbers, 
Tiatoes  in  flower.  12,  3  /O.  Cucumber,  Improved  Telegraph, 
1/9.  Hundredwi  ight  Pumpkin,  6,  1/6.  Celery,  nady  for 
ich,  100,  3/-.  Parsley,  20,  1/4.  Sage,  Thyme,  Mint, 
rjoram,  6,  1/4. 

trong  sprimr-siiwn  Broccoli,  Ulammoth  and  Apiil  Queen. 
iliflower.  Early  London.  B' ^t  of  All,  and  Autumn  Giant, 
outing  Broccoli.  Brussels  Sprouts,  Kelway's  Giant, 
dbition.  Matchless.  Cabbage,  5  best  sortt^.  Coleworts, 
iter  Greens,  Curled  Kale,  Asparagus  Kale.  Leeks, 
:etaker,  Lyon,  Champion,  Onions,  Bedfordshire  Chanii>ion. 
ntZiltauand  Rocca.     Savoy,  Best  of  All.     100,1/9,300,  4/6. 


s.  PYM,  10,  Vine  House,  Woodston,  Peterborough 


NEW     ROSE 

FLORENCE 

(Hybrid  Tea) 

(Auard  of  Merit,  Chelsea  Show,  1921) 

Beautiful    delicate     pink,     very     large     high 
centred  flowers  of  splendid   build    and     petal 

Good  plants  in  pots  for  present  planting   10/6  e^th 

Priced    list    of   other    \'ew     Roses,     and     general 
collection  of  Rt^ses  in  pots,  post  free  on  application. 


Wm.  PAUL  &  SON,  LTD.,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts.- 


NETS 


W    GARDEN    NETS. — For   Fruit    Protection.      Square 

^'nd   l.iamnnd   Mesh.      All  kinds  and   sizes. 

NNIS  BOUNDARY iNtTS,— All  widths  and  lengths. 

NNIS  NETS.— Various  qualities. 
IPAIRED  NETS.-All  sizes. 

Nets    for    all     purposes. 

nples  and  Prices  on  appJ ication    to    Maimfacijfrers  — 

SCARBOROUGH  SHIPPING  SUPPLY  STORES,  Ltd., 

12,    Sandside,     SCARBOROUGH. 


GHMOND  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

43rd  FLOWER  SHOW  &  FETE, 

EDNESDAV,    JULY    13th.    OLD    DEER     PARK,    2     p.ni 

izes  over  £100.    Schedules  ready.    Spaces  to  let. 

Particulars  from   Sucretary,  Ormond  Lodge. 


IE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :   Plants    in  Health 

I  Disease,  by  F.  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.M.H.,  freely  Illustrated, 
net,  by  post  8/-.  A  Prospectus  o(  this  practical  book 
1  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
ODBTET  Li?E,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Coyent 
rden,  W.C.2.  " 


EXTRAORDINARY   RESULTS 


FROM  A 
SMALL 
B.&P. 
GREEN- 
HOUSE 
No.  H49a 


W7-iteforour 
Catalogue  of 
small  Green- 
houses&Gar- 
den  Frames. 


This  Illustration  of  our  B.&  P.  No.  H.  49a 
Greenhouse  is  from  a  photograph  supplied  by 
the  owner.  The  house  is  made  in  6  sections, 
making  possible  its  complete  erection  in 
three  to  four  hours.  The  sections  are  so 
arranged  that  the  house  can  be  dismantled 
without  removing  a  single  pane  of  glass. 

Size         C'5^      11  n         Supplied 

10' X  8'      31' OO     XX*     \J»      from  Stock 

All  sent  ready  glazed  with  15  oz.  glass  and  painted  2 
coats,  with  bolts  and  screws  for  fixing.  Carriage  paid  to 
most  Railway  Stations  in  England  and  Wales.  Supplied 
from  stock,  or  made  in  15',  20'  or  25'  lengths  to  order. 

The  bottom  illustration,  from  an  untouched  photograph 
of  interior,  shows  the  extraordinary  results  that  can 
be  obtained  with  reasonable  care  and  enthusiasm 
with  Greenhouse  No.  H.  49A.  This  house  and  stages 
were  supplied  from  stock,  and  we  had  no  intimation 
of  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  required.  With  a 
boiler  placed  in  the  wood  base  at  one  end  and  two  4" 
hot  water  pipes  along  one  side  and  one  end  only,  our 
amateur  produced  this  magnificent  display  of  orchids 
and  exotic  plants. 


ll^ 


•ouiton  erau 


*    LONDON     OFFtCBi 

BouLTON.  NORWICH  \  Chief  Off icc  &  Works  ;  155.7,  queeh  victob^a^st; 

TBUKPHONS.       "^  NORWICH  :  BOUTIQUE,    CENTRAL     lONDOH 


TCLEGRAMBl 


NORWICH       B6« 


'  Tal«phon«>    CtRTUL    4642 


yi. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  i8,   1921. 


THE  BEST  for  all  GARDENS 


The  well-known  Nurserymen.  Messrs.  Lister  Kershaw. 
Ltd..  of  BriRhouse,  write.  11th  May:— "We  can  honestly 
say  we  never  had  a  Hose  like  the  one  we  are  using  now— 
5  years  in  use  and  not  the  slightest  sign  of  wear." 


List  D.  mill  Hose  Sciinple  free. 

CHAS.  P.  KINNELL  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
Southwark    St.,    London,    S.E.I 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT  SAFETY 
WEED    KILLER 

FREE   FROM  ARSENIC 

Simple  to  use.  Very 
effective.  No  danger  to 
Children,  Animals, 
Poultry,  etc. 


Pint  tins  1  /9  each.     1  Gall.  Drums  7/-  each. 
Quart  „  3/-     „         5     „  „      27/6     „ 

!  Qall.  „  4/9     „      40    „  Casks  £8  10    „ 

INSIST    ON    MeDOUQALL'S.       REFUSE 
SUBSTITUTES  &  AVOID  DISAPPOINTMENT. 

IF  ANY  DIFFICULTY  IN  OBTAINING  SUPPLIES 
LOCALLY  PLEASE  WRITE  US  DIRECT  FOR 
ILLUSTRATED  PRICE  LIST  AND  MENTION  NAME 
AND  ADDRESS  OF  LOCAL  SEEDSMAN,  NURSERY. 
MAN    OR     IRONMONGER. 

M'DOUGALL  BROS.  LTD.,  '^ll^^^i;!: 


FERTILIZERS  A  SPECIALITE. 

All    Containing    Potash. 

Special  Sweet  Pea  Manure. — Produces  perfect 
blooms  with  superb  colour,  without  coarseness. 
Tins,  2/3  and  3/9,  post  free.  7  lb.,  4/3  ;  14  lb., 
6/9;  28  1b.,  11/3;  561b.,  18/-;  1121b.,  33/-. 
Carriage  paid. 

Special  Tomato. — Gives  perfect  finish  and  flavour. 
Tins  2/3  and  3/9,  post  free.  7  lb.,  4/6  ;  14  lb., 
7/-;  28  lb.,  12/-;  56  1b.,  19/-;  112  1b.,  35/-. 
Carriage  paid. 

Also  SPECIAL  ROSE.  FRUIT  TREE,  LAWN  GRASS,  LAWN 
SAND,   VINE,   CHRYSANTHEMUM,   CARNATION,  etc. 

Send  Postcdrd  for  List. 

G.  H.  MACKERETH,  Ltd.,  ULVERSTON. 


HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  Is  now  ob  sale, 
»d.  net,  by  poet  lid.—"  ConsTEI  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Tavlstetk 
Street,  Cevent  Oarde».  W.C.2. 

HOCKEY,    GOLF.    CROQUET   AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  arc  published  at  the  Offices  ot  "  Cocktkt 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavbtock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


Backward      Garden      Produce      top-dressed      with 


RITO 


comes    along    quickly. 

Ir  your  Potatoes,  Cabbages,  Beans,  or  other  crops  are  not 
coming  on  as  fast  as  you   wish,  just  try   a   top-dressing 
The  Kilo  Smile.  of  RITO  and   then   note   their  marvellous  improvement. 

RITO  multiplies  everything  that  gro\A/s. 

FROM     ALL     DEALERS— 1     cwt.    23/6,      i-cwt.     12/-,      ^-cwt.    6/9, 

14    lbs.    3/S,    7    lbs.    2/- 

Manufactiired  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd.,  23.  Tunnel  Avenue.  Greenwich,  S.B.  10 


BEES,    BEEHIVES. 

Every   Garden   should  have  its   Beehive. 

Profitable,    easy   to    manage,    and 
ensures  fertilization. 

Send   for    Illustrated    Catalogue    with 
Advice  to  Beginners — Post  Free, 

E.  H.  TAYLOR,  Ltd., 
Welwyn,    Herts. 


'NICOTICIDE' 

NICOTINE     FUMIGANT 

Will  effectively  destroy  those  Insects  which 
infest  and  destroy  your  Greenhouse  Plants. 

GREEN   FLY  &  BLACK  FLY,  THRIP, 

MEALY   BUG,   and    SCALE    killed  by 

'NICOTICIDE'     Fumigant. 

PRICES : 

Pint     20/-         *-pint     10/- 

6  ozs 6/-  4  ozs 4/- 

2ozs 2/3         1  oz 1'2 

Front  yoar  Nurseryman  or  Seedsman. 

Sole    Makers  ; 

HUNTER  &  GOW,  Ltd.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  LIVERPOOI 


WILLIS    BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


A  REAL    MANURE 

NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE. 
NO     STABLE     MANURE     REQU IRED. 

For  digging  in  or  as  a  top  dressing.     For  Kitchen 

Garden  and  Herbaceous  Borders. 
We  are  constantly  receiving    orders    and    testi- 
monials from  satisfied  users  both  on  heavy  and 

light  soils. 

1  cwt..  17/6  :  ^-cwt..  10/- ;  28  lbs.,  6/- ;  per  ton  £16  10. 

All  Carriage  Paid. 


SOLUBLE 

TOMATO     MANURE 

as  supplied  largely  to  market  growers. 
30/- per  cwt. ;  56  lbs.,  16/-;  28  lbs.,  8/6.  Carriage  paid. 

REAL  NEW  PERUVIAN  GUANO. 

cr  (Just  arrived.)' 
~"  10%  Ammonia.  25%  Phosphates.  2%  Potash. 
1  cwt..  37/6;  i  cwt.,  20/-;  28  lbs..  111-.    Carr.  paid. 

BAMBOO  CANES.     Best  Solid  Quality. 

4  ft  Thin,  G;-.4tt.  Med..  8|-,  4  ft.  Stout.  121- per  1(10  ; 

5  ft.,  14/-,  6  ft.,  17/6,  7  ft..  22/6  per  100. 
Bamboo  Tips.  45  in..  6/-  100  ;  50/-  1000.     Carr.  paid. 

GOOD    HEAVY    GARDEN    NETS 

25  yds.  by  8  yds..  351- :    50  yds.  by  4  yds..  35/-. 
Carriage  paid. 

Bone    Meals,      Superphosphate,      Nitrate     ol 

Soda,  Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Kainit,  Sulphate 

ol  Potash,  Basic  Slag,  etc.,  supplied. 

Send    for    our    list    of    Garden     Manures    and 
Horticultural  Sutidries.    Free  on  application. 

_,     __-«        Horticultural   Manure 

Wll  I  IQ    RRflS        and  Barden  Sundries, 
niLLIO     DnUU.i    HARPENDEN,      HERTS. 


ASK  FOR] 

ALL   GLASS 
STRUCTURES 


THAT 


Trade  Mark.     Reg.  No.  14.629. 


Require  Outside  Sliading 

SUMMER    CLOUD     SHADING    (the    only    genuine   and 

original  article). 
All    rights  Transferred  by   Deed  to  Corry    &    Co.,   Bedford 

Chambers.     Covent     Garden.      London,      W.C.2,     by 

Hy.  Elliott,  on  March  27th.  1882. 

It  has  been  in  general  use  for  OVER  40  YEARS. 

BE    SURE    TO    ASK    FOR 

SUMMER  CLOUD 


AND     SEE      THAT      YOU      GET      IT. 

Sold  by  all  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

Sold    in    packets    containing    8oz.  for   100ft.  ot  glass,  1/6) 
,24oz..  3/6.    Cheaper  in  Bulk. 

Manufactured  by 

CORRY    &    CO.,    Ltldi., 

at  their  Bonded  Chemical. Works, 

SHAD      THAMES,     S.E.I. 

Offices  &  Show  Rooms  :  Bedford  Chambers,  Covent  Garden,  Londoii,W.C2 


NATIONAL 

Sv\^eet  Pea  Society 

21st  EXHIBITION  &  CONFERENCE 

(Prizes  value  nearly  £500) 

WILL     BE     HELD    AT 

THE    ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    HALL, 

Vincent  Square,  Westminster,  S.W., 

On  TUESDAY  &  WEDNESDAY,  JULY  12th  &  13th. 

Full  particulars  from  Secretary— 

HENRY  D.  TIQWELL,  Greenfield,  Middlesex. 


NOW     READY. 


The  Garden  Doctor. 

PLANTS  IN  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE. 

By  F.  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.M.H. 

7s.  6d.  net  ;     by  post  8s.  | 

The  Manager,  "Country  Life,' 

20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


JNE    iS.    192I. 


THE     GARDEN. 


vu. 


'\\\\\\\u\m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\w\f\\wwwv 


YOU'LL  WANT  SOME  VIM  TOO  ! 


"^OU'LL  want  some  Vim 
-■-  too!"  says  willing  Vimmy 
to  father,  who  has  been 
working  in  the  garden  while 
mother  washes  up  in  the 
kitchen. 

VIM  is  just  the  thing  for 
removing  dirt  from  the 
hands,    however   ingrained. 

It  also  cleans  and  polishes  Pots, 
Pans,  Cutlery  and  Crockery,  Glass- 
ware and  Earthenware,  Windows, 
Oilcloth  and  Linoleum,  Floors  and 
Kitchen  Tables,  plain  and  painted 
Woodwork,  Brass,  Copper,  Tin 
and  all    Metalware. 

When   things   are   dim 
Just    give    'em    VIM. 

IN    PACKETS    AND 
SPRINKLER-TOP  CANISTERS. 

Of  all  Grocers,   Stores,   Oilmen,   Chandlers,   etc. 


LKVER      BROTHERS      UMITHD.      PORT      SUNLIGHT.  | 


Vlll 


THE    GARDEN. 


["Jl'NM-     iS,     I()2I 


IS 

a 


Weeding 

BACKACHING 

and 

NEVER  ENDING 
JOB 

The  best  way 
to  destroy  Weeds  on  Drives, 
Paths    and    Gravel    Spaces 
is  to  use 

COOPER'S 
WEEDICIDE 

HIGHLY    CONCENTRATED 

I    sallon   mixed   with    100   galloni   of   water 

is  sufficient  to  treat  300  to  400  square  yards 

of   surface. 

Gained  Royal   Horticultural  Society 
"  Commended"    Award 

lo  Qt.  and  .1.  1.  2.  5.  10.  20  and  40  sallooi. 


COOPER'S 

1— SO 

WEED-KILLER 

is  also  an  excellent  pre- 
paration for  killing  weeds, 
but  lower  in  price  and 
lets     concentrated     than 

Weedicide. 
Sold  ID  same  tizes  as  Weedicide 

OF   AGENTS   EVERYWHERE 


Revised  prices  on  application  to  the 

Sole  Manufacturers : 

William  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS,  Ltd.. 

BERKHAMSTED. 


LETHORION 

IMPROVED    VAPOUR    CONE 

Fumigator 

Introduced    1885. 

NOTHING  yet  introduce^' 
has  surpassed  this  valu- 
able method  of  Fumigating 
Greenhouses.  It  combines 
economy  with  efficiency  in  every 
way,  and  is  certain  death  to  all 
pests,  without  any  injury  to 
vegetation ! 

Only  a  match  required  for 
starting  it  I  Full  directions  for 
use  on  each  Cone, 

Nicotine  is  the  effective  agent 
Registered  Trade  Mark  6295,       j„  ^^^^^  Fumigator  1 

Prices.— No,  1 .  for  Frames  and  "  Lenn-fo's  "  up  to  1,000 
cubic  ft,  10J,  each  ;  No.  2,  for  Small  Greenhouses  up  lo 
U.'iOO  cubic  ft  ,  1 ,3  each  ;  No.  3.  for  general  use  in  Larce 
Greenhouses   from    2.000  to  2,500  cubic  ft.,    1  '9  each 


(( 


TENAX 


99     The  New  and  Mosi  Successful 

GRAFTING    WAX, 

It  is  a  much  required  "  HOME-MADE  "  article  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  Nurserymen  and  Gardeners. 

It   is   rapidly  tailing  the   place  of  all   Foreign  and    other 
nreparatiors  for  all  Grafting  and  Budding  Purposes. 
Tins,  each  9cl.,  1 /6,  3;-,  6/-,9/-.  Also  in  bulk  at  reduced  rates 

FOWLER'S    LAWN    SAND 

ESTABLISHED    IN     1875 

For  destroying  Daisies.  D.mdelions,  Plantains,  RiDbed  Grass,  Thistles 
and  other  weeds  on  Lawns,  Croquet  Grounds.  Bowling  Greens, 
Parks,  etc.,  at  the  same  time  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  improving  tht 
growth  and  colour  of  the  grass. 

Many  preparations  are  on  the  marke'  under  this  name,  hut  nu  article 
diffe  s  so  much  in  value.  FOWLER'S  LAWN  SAND  has  exceeded 
all  others  in  money's  worth  generally. 

TO    BE    HAD    FROM     THE    TRADEOiGBNERALLY. 
Prices— Tins,  1/6,  3/9,  7/-  ;  B.ins.  28Ibs.  11/-,  561bs.  21/-.  1  !21bs.  39/- 
Sole    Manufacturers:     CORRY    &    CO..    Ltd..    London.   S.E.I. 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 


THE  MOST  PERFECT 

FERTILIZER 

FOR 


GREENHOUSES. 
GARDENS. 
LAWNS.  K 


N  T  E  D    ) 


THE  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY     PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  same  way,  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  <4  bushels  equalling  15cwts.>,  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  HortloultUPal  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hod  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
Wisley,  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out.in  the  open  air."  (Signed)  VV.  WlLKS,  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Ffce  Booklet  giving  full  partictilars  and  testimon 


BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS. 

'j.ccs.  including  hag-; :    Small  (abi 


nt  on  receipt  of  Postcard. 
GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -« 

,  2/3  :    Larce  <:ibout  A  bushels),  6/-  ;    5  Large.  28/9  ;    10  Large,  55/-  ; 


t  1  bushel 
211  Large,  100/-. 


Carriagt*  forward  for  cash  ' 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 
WAKELEY     BROS.     &    CO.,     LTD.,    7Sa,     BANK8IDE,     LONDON,      S.E.I. 


FIRST  INVENTED.       FIRST  EVER  SINCE. 
SMITH'S 

POWDER  WEED  KILLER 

is    absolutely    "PERFECT." 

8  tins  of  Powder  to  maUe  200  gallons  of 
Liquid,  carriage  paid  ;  also  in  Liquid,  all 
sized     Drums,     5    gallons,    carriage  paid. 

MARK     SMITH,     LTD 

LOUTH.    UINCOLNSHIRE. 


GARDEN   FURNITURE 


Greenhouses 
Garden     . 
.     Frames 
Etc. 

Lists    Free. 


For  Other  Designs  send  for  Illustrated  Book,  "  For  the  Garden." 


THE  "BUCKINGHAM"  SEAT  and  TABLE,  substantially  con- 
structed of  selected  red  deal  left  rough  from  the  saw,  except  the 
Slats  of  Seat  and  Table,  which  are  planed. 

They  are  finished  with  a  special  presen-'ative  which  protects  the 
wood  from  the  weather,  and  makes  them  look  JUST  LIKE  OAK. 
An  Ideal  Seat  for  Tea.  Club  or  Private  Gardens,  Bowling  Greens, 
ttc.  being  specially  constructed  to  stand  hard  wear. 
Length  of  Seat  4ft.  6in.  Other  sizes  to  order.  It  is  very  inexpensive 
and  really  an  ornamental  seat.  35/-  each  ;  66/-  for  2  seats  or  2  tables, 
or  1  se;tt  and  1  table  ;  98/-  forS  seats  or  'i  tables,  or  2  seats  and  I  table. 
This  seat,  finished  smooth  and  painted  'S  coats,  white  or  green. 
£2  8/-  each.    All  Carriage  Paid.    Cash  with  Order. 

W.  T.  REVITT,  Railway  Works,  OLNEY. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 

Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

jif   jf   J? 

THE  BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL  POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 
Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 

RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal     Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM 


THE  BEST  INSECTICID 


OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOA 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell.         8 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  41b.  and  71b.  tin 

All    Packages    bear    Maker's    name,    and    the    public 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON      &     TENNANT,     LTC 

Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


GARDEN      NETTING. 

Strong  small  mesh,  .SO  by  1  yd..  5  6;  50  by  2.  11 '-  :  50  In  - 
£1:  100  by  1  yd..  11/-:  100  by  2.  £1;  25  by  8.  £1.  Nl'\ 
nettings,  5-in.6d. ;  do.  i-in.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  stear 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  :in 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  I  quality,  Ihd. ;  No.  2  quality,  ik 
square  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr.  paid.  pass,  trair 
I  hold  the  larf^estlstock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  th 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  Write  for  large  li^t 
W.   OLIVER  ALLEN,  Net  Maker.   Porthleven.    Cornwall 

Tclci-r.ivis:  Oliver  Allen.  Porthhvcn. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS. 'EUREKA'  Uwn  Sand,  soilfume. 
NicoTttiE.lNSCCTiciocs.FuMCRS. Sprays  AHD  Other  CHEMICALS 
andSundrils    sec  ust.  Please  ash  voun  agekt  for  tre  Eureka 

ARriCLES  -  IMEY  ARE  ALWAYS  SATtSFACTORT  IF  AHY  DIFFICULTY 
>N   OarAINING.  WE  SEND   DlAECT.    CARRIAGE   PAID 


:  TaMLINSON  li  HAYWARO  L"  LINCOLN. 


EBBZQB 


EDDY'S     NETS 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS. 

For    Fruit    Protection.       Square    and  Diamoi 
Mesh.     All  kinds  and  sizes. 

TENNIS     BOUNDARY     NETS. 

All  widths  and  lengths. 

TENNIS     NETS. 

Various  qualities. 

REPAIRED     NETS. 

All  sizes. 

NETS     FOR     ALL     PURPOSES. 


Samples  and  List  of  Prices  from  the  Manufacturers 

JOSEPH     BENTLEY,    Ltd. 
BARROW-ON-HUMBER. 

(Sole  Proprietors  of  B.  EDDY  &  SONS.) 


Published  by  "Country  Life."   Limited,  at  20.  Tavistock  Street,  Strand.  W.C.2.  and  by  George  Newnes.  Limited.  8-11.  SouthamDton  Street.  Strand.  W.C.'i.S 

and   Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press.  .S5  &  .S?.   Drurv  Lane.   London.  W.C.?. 


1  hill 


^IlSRARir  of  tlT« 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


Vol.  LXXXV.— No.  2588. 

Entered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,  June  25,   1921 


REGISTERED     AT     THE     GENERAL 

POST    OFFICE    AS    A    NEWSPAPER 

AND     FOR     CANADIAN     MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Vearly  Subscription 
Inland.    17/4:    Foreign.    17/4 


%M 

i 

i 
1 

J 

Jl 

rtl^ 

jl-ii 

■■,imS^^.  • 

"■f-:  . 

^^3 

•  ■-.   '•■"^=:: 

^i^n^^^ 

■-fMri^^":-'^^^ 

He^^^  '''> 

f^"                                 j 

■ '       *'^^HB^^^^fl 

■ 
■" 

1 

''rJ^B^^r^Sfi 

■* 

i 
1 

A    JUNE    BORDER. 


MERRYWEATHER'S     ROSES 


FOR    THE    GARDEN ! 
FOR    BEDS! 


FOR    EXHIBITION! 
FOR    EVERYWHERE! 


Also  Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 


H.    MERRYWEATHER  &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

BARR'S  SEEDS  for  JULY  Sowing 

Of  Finest  Strains  and  Tested  Growth 

FOR     THE     FLOWER     GARDEN. 

Antirrhinums,  Aquilcgias,  Aubrietias,  Campanulas,  Delphiniums,  Forget- 
me-nots,  Gaillardias,  Geums,  Hollyhocks,  Lupins,  Pansies,  Polyanthus, 
Primrose,    Papavers,    Sweet    Williams,    Stocks,    Violas,    etc. 

FOR    THE    VEGETABLE    GARDEN. 

Beet,  Cabbage,  Carrots,  Cauliflowers.  Cress,  Endi\'c.  Kohl  Rabi,  .Mustard, 
Onions,     Parsley,     Peas,     Radishes,     Spinach    Beet,    Turnips,    etc. 


SPECIAL     LIST     O.V     APPLICATIOX. 


BARR    &    SONS, 


11,     12      &      13,       KING       STREET, 
COVENT  GARDEN,   LONDON,  W.C.2. 


SOX     KILLS    ^^^'^E     FLY 

► — /  V ^  ^   X-  and  all  msect  pests  on  hruit. 

Flowers  and  Vegetables.  Adhesive  and  penetrating, 
it  is  the  quickest  and  most  efficient  Insecticide  in  the  world. 
SOX  has  been  awarded  the  "  Highly  Commended"  Certificate 
by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  SOX  will  not  choke  Sprayer 
or  Syringe.     When  other  Insecticides  fail  SOX  will  delight  you. 

PRICES  OF  SOX    LIQUID. 

Nn.  1.     1,6,    ni.Tlies     5  g.llls.  I  .\'o.  J,     6/-      m.Tlics  .SO  g.-llls. 

No.  2,     2/6,         .,         10     ,,  I  .No.  ,5.  10(6,        ..        60 
No.  3,    3,6,        ..        K? 


th( 


\    Larger  quantities  on  application. 
Weed   Killer  without  Arsenic. 


PRICES  OF  SOX  TABLETS. 

Packets   of 
S.     1/  :      6.     1/9;       ri,     3/-: 
1^4.  5i9;    48,  10/6  ;    120,  25/- 

DYOWEED  ^ 

Cheaper  than   the  dangerous   arsenical    preparations.     Kills  all 
the  weeds  and  leaves  no  stain. 
SOLD    BY    NURSERYMEN,    SEEDSMEN,    IRONMONGERS    AND 

Sold    in   cans  to    make    3  galls.  1/6.  6  galls.  2/6.  10  galls.  3,'9.  20  galls.  6/-.  40  gall 


Mamifilctiircrs 


STORES. 

10/6.      Larger 

quantities  on    application. 
Hau'kef   &    Botuood.    Ltd.,    Agricultural    &    Horticiiliiiral    ChetfUSils,    Grays.   Essex. 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous   habit  and  superior  constitution.       A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially    invited    to    inspect     our     immense     and     interesting     STOCK 

RAISED     BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice    Species,    Rare    Botanical    Specimens.        Albinos    in    warm   and    cool 
sections  also  a  speciality. 

E.xpert    Advice    given    and    all    Requisites    supplied    for     the"  good    culture 

CHARLE8W0RTH  i  CO.,  "^h^^^h!*^ 


THE     GARDEN. 


JUNl',    25,     IQ2I. 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO   OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  tirms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  lirms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 

ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Champion    Oeoorative   Rose   Grower    of   England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,    Ltd.,  COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Crowars  or  Great  Britain, 

Fruit   Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
ElBTAiL   Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanlbv  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
otall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND 

R.   &   G.   CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  lygy 


FLUWERINQ     SHRUBS 
For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  end  beautiful 
varieties  poat 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


StrawlMrries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


W.  WEI.LS,  JuNR. 
Hardy  Plant  Nursery 
MERSTHAM,  SURREY 


Specialists  In 
Hardy  Plants 
and  Alpines 
Catalogues  Free 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


Now    AlpincH 
and  Perennials 

Completa 
Collection 


ALPINE     PLANTS 


FREDK.  (J.  WOOD 
Marsden  Nurseries 
ASHTKAO.  SUKRKV 


specialist   in 
Alpine   Plants 
Rock  Gardens 
Designer 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Crown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGUON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
Qloxinlas 
Cvclamen,  eto. 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   List 
Poat    Free   on 
application 


BIRDS  DEFIED. 


ROTLESS 

TANNED  NETTING. 

As  supplied  by  us  to  tlic  l\oy.il  Gardens.  In  3  clualities. 
SO  by  1  yd.,  (il-.  S/6,  11;'- :  2  yds..  \2I-.  17/.,  l:il- ;  3  yds..  18/..  25  6. 
33j- :  4  yds..  24/-,  34/-.  44/- ;   2.S  by  S  yds..  24/..  .■i4;-.  44/- 

Cirriy^e  Paid,  post  or  pass. 
HAWTHORN,     Ltd.,    Dept     E.    SHREWSBURY. 

HSTABLISHEO     33     YEARS. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.   RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  ^ii  aarden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estate 

Cranmer  Street  a""*  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Requirements 


CORRY   &   CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufaoturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundries 
Fertdixers  and 
Inaeotloldes,  eto. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humbbb 

HULL 


Weed  Deatroyera 
l-awn  Sand 
Inseotloidea 
Fertlllzere 


Landscape  Gardening 


WHITELEGG   &   Co. 
CHISLEHURST 
write  us 


Ljindaoape  and 
Oarden  Arotil- 
teota,  epeolallse 
In  Rook,  Water 
and  Formal 
Qardene,  eto. 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO..  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 

tunbridge  wells 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
(-iarden,  International 
Show.  ISIU. 


HUDSON'S,    Ltd. 

58,  Castlegate 

NOTTINGHAM 

14  Victoria  Street,  S.W.i 

Tel.  No.:  Vic.  5314. 

Have  aeveral  good  men  iiv;iiluble,  and 

can  carry  out  any  work  promptly. 


Rooks,  Watar  or 
Stone  Paved 
Gardens  and 
Qeneral 
Landscape 
Work 


J.    CHEAL   &   SONS,   Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Oarden  ere 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  eto. 


fPULMAM 


®  SON 


nr  A.PP01NTMRNT  TO  hi:*  majesty 
I  71  NEWNLAN  SI  aXI»OItDsr 
li  LONDON  •  w 

NURSERIES  ■  ELSENMAM  Essex 


rormal  Gard«)»  . 
V».3es  .fbonteins. 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


HERBERT'S  NEW  PINKS 

Have    received    Four    Awards  of    Merit  and  Medals. 

1  was  also  personally  congr.itulated  by  thcii-  Majesties  the 

Kins  and  Queen  at  the  R.H.S.  Show,  Chelsea.  May  2Jth,  1921. 

PriiL-  I.isI  free  iiii  ,1  t-filicatiDn. 

C.     HERBERT,    Nurseryman, 

ACOCKS      GREEN,      BIRMINGHAM. 


"Not  a  Penny  for  Paint" 

No  mes«T  tArrim  either.  Tini« 
ud  weatherproof.  Looks  well 
—  but>  Ions  Ready  to  lay 
withoat  deUr.  Sold  br  Hard- 
ware  Merchants  everrwhere. 

Samples     The  Ruberold  Co.,  Lt-i. 
Frke.  (Dpt.5>.  SI.KnlRhtHdci  St..E.C. 


Perpetual  Flowering 

CARNATIONS 

Our  stocks  of  selected  plant*^ 
are  super   ,  and  we  can  offer  all  ' 
the   best    varieties    for    iniiiK' 
diate    delivery  ex  35  in.   pi  i 
stopped  and  broken. 
Fully     [Itustrated     and    Pescriptive 
Catalogue    gladly    seat     Post     Free 
on    r  quest,    or    we    can    ffter 
collections  of  plants  ai  special 
prices,    carriage    and    pack  mi; 
paid  for  cash : 

Coll.  No.  1.~3  good  distinctvarietUs      5/- 

..        ..    2  -«      ..  ..  ..  10/- 

..       ..    3.'  9      ..  ..  ..  15/-  i 

„   *     25  Plants  in  12  good  varieties      35/- 

.,       .,    5.-50        .,  .,  ..  62/6 

..    6.-100  Plants  in  18  good  eat  flower  and 

Exhibition  voneiies 115;- 

Limiled  Stoeks  of  Large  Flowering  I  lants  in  (i  in.  pots 

Irtmi    35  -    pur  dn/.en.  carriage  extra. 

A  L  LNA/  O  O  D  I  I 

The  new  iiardy  plant  half  Pink  and  half  Carnati  n — grows 
anywhere  and  fl  nvers  perpetually  from  Spring  to  Winter. 
The  greatest  addition  to  Horti  ulture  for  a  decade,  We  have 
now  limited  stocks  of  practically  all  varieties,  and  can  oFfer 
the  undermentioned  collections  at  carriage  and  packing  paid 
prices  for  .  ash  : 

Coll.  No.  lb.— 6  Distinct  Varieties  11/- 

„    2b.-9  ..  ..  (inctudinft  novelties)  23/6 

CULTURAL     BOOKLET.    6d.    post    free. 

;  When  yuo  think  of  CarOdiions  you  think  of 


The  leading  CarnatioD  Raitert  and  Speclaliati  ia  the  World,  DepL  4. 

UAYWARDS        HEATH.       SUSSEX. 


SPECIALITE. 

JAPANESE 

MAPLES 

CAMELLIAS 

HYDRANGEAS 

MAGNOLIAS 

AZALEAS 

(Carriage  Paid.) 

V. 

N. 

Gauntlett  &  Co.,  Ltd 

Japanese  Nurseries. 

CHIDDlN(iFOl.D.   SURKI-:V. 

NEW     ROSE 

FLORENCE 

(Hybrid  Tea) 

(A-uard  of  Merit,  Chelsea  Shou-.  1921) 

Beautiful    delicate     pink,     very     large    hinli 
ccntrcil   flowers  nf  splendid   build   and    petal. 

Good  plants  in  pots  for  present  planting  10  6  each. 


Priced    list    of   other    New     Roses,     aud    general 
c<iUceti"ii  of  fi^sis  in  pots, post  free  on  application. 


Wm,  PAUL  &  SON,  LTD.,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts,. 


THE    DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST  FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A.  Ckoxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  liclpful  booklet  od  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  cart!  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Codntkv  I,ife."  Ltd.,  20 
Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


FERTILISHRS:  {iO%,  9(S"„,  and  9S';.  Pure— 
The  Raw  Materials  which  are  used  by 
Plants  to  make  their  own  Food  should  be 
given  now,  thus  obtaining  robust  lualthy  plants 
which  are  able  to  store  surplus  food  (the  up-grade 
process)  in  order  to  decompoi^c  it  (t'  e  down-grade 
process),  and  thus  make  new  cmhi-yonic.  meris- 
tematic  tissLie  (buds,  shoots,  leaves,  flowers)  for 
next  year.  For  this  purpose  the  purest  fertilisers, 
in  conjunction  with  real  J^ummer  Pruning  and  soil 
cultivation,  are  best,  and  insure  refined  Howers,  and 
the  choicest:  coloured  and  best  Havoured  fi'uits,  from 
plants  and  trees  which  are  resisant  to  disease.  The 
crops  which  are  maturing  will  thus  be  of  high 
quality,  and  those  of  next  year  be  assured.  Fees: 
r>  Guineas  per  day,  plus  all  expenses. 
Mr.  C.  A  JARDINE.  F.R  H.S..  Consulting  Horticultural 
fjrpert  (IntrodLiccr  i^f  "The  .MfJoc  Secitenr."  the  most 
efHuicnt  of  i\\\  priiniriii  tools),  86,  Lavender  Hill.  S.W.I  1 


June  25.   1921. j 


■»«a^ 


GARDEN. 


WEBBS'    CHOICE     FLOWER     SEEDS    for   BARR'S  FLOWER  &  VEGETABLE  SEEDS   SWEET   WILLIAMS. 


Present  sowing.  Webb^;'  Univer-^al  Wallfluwcr,  mixed.  Webbs* 
Kinvcr  Favourite  WallHower.  Webbs'  Cauarj'  Bird  Wallflower. 
Webbs*  Invincible  Swf-et  William  mi^xed.  Webbs'  Diadem 
Aquilegia.  mixed.  Each  Sd.  and  1/-  per  packet.  Webbs' 
Supreme  Antirrhinum,  mixed.  6d.  and  1/-  per  pkt.  Webbs' 
Diamond  Pansv,  mixed,  1/6  per  pkt.  Webbs*  Imperial 
Canterbun,-  BeH,  8d.  per  pkt.  WEBB  &  SONS,  Ltd.,  the 
King's  Sndsmen,  Stourbridge. 

WATERERS'  GOLD  MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DRONS,  Azaleas,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
Maples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants, 
Perennial  Irises,  etc. — John  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.. 
Bagshot,  Surrey,  Twyford.   Ii<rks  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE  PAINTING  AND  GLAZING. 

— •■  VITKOLITE  "  superior  to  \TMte  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  putty,  36/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins,  3/6  each,  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
^Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  &  Sons,  Grove  Works, 
Batteisea.     Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Chinese  Rliododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  grown).  Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues  G.  Eeothe,  Keston, 
Kent. 


FOR  JUNE  &  JULY  .SOWI.VG.— Finest  seh'cted  strains  and 
tested  growth.  Descriptive  list  free. — BaRR  ct  SONS,  11,  12  ci  13, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 

THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our  wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  i  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers.— J.  Douglas,  Great 
Jiookham. 

JAMES    GRAY,    LTD.,    Builders   of    Conser- 

Vitories,  Greenliouse;,  etc..  and  Heating  Engineers,  Dan  vers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3,  Wire:  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone:    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL       FOR       COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  rtf  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters  ;  perfectly  automatic  :  ever>'thing 
underground.  State  particulars. — Wili.IAM  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place.  Westmia^t^'r. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP   MANURE, 

— The     only     nliable     and     complete     substitute     for     StabU 
manure.     Sre  adv<-rt.  on  p.  viii. 


WM.   DUNCAN   TUCKER    &    SONS,    LTD., 

LawTeucc     Road,     South     Tottenham,     N.15. — Conservatories, 
Winter  Gardens,  Vineries,  Peach  Houses,  Portable  Buildings.  Ac. 


SCOTCH     SEED     POTATOES.— Eclipse,    4- 

per  stone ;  Express.  5/-  ;  l>uke  of  York,  6/- ;  Midlotliian 
Early,  6'-;  Kerr's  Pinlt,  4/-;  Tinwald  Perfection,  3,6;  A 
Comrade,  4/6  ;  King  George  V,  3/- ;  King  Edward  VII,  3/6 ; 
British  Queen,  3/6  ;  Arran  Chief,  3/6  ;  Edzell  Blue,  3/6  ;  Dargil 
Early,  l/P;  Great  Scot,  3/6  ;  Llewellyn,  4/- ;  May  Queen,  6/-,  etc. 
Carriage  paid.  Vegetable  and  flower  seed  catalogue  on  appli- 
cation.— TILLIE,  Whtte  i  Co.,  12.  Melbourne  Place,  George  IV 
Bridge,  Edinburgh.     Established  1837. 


KATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Xon-poisonous  ;  a  perfect  garden 
insecticide.  Cartons'  to  make  10  gal.,  2/-  ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  bv  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  McDoucall  Bros.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 
Established  1845. 


NETTING,    for   protecting    fruit    and     seeds 

from  ravages  of  birds  ;  small  mesh.  40  yds.  long,  1  yd.  wide. 
5s.  6d. ;  40  by  2.  lis. ;  40  by  3,  16s.  6d.  40  by  4.  22s. ;  40  by 
5.  27s.  6d.  ;    40  by  6,  3.3s.— H.  ROBINSON  &  Co.,  Net  Works. 

Rve,    Sussex. 


STOUT    STRONG    NETS    for    tennis    court 

bordering,  with  lines  top  and  bottom.  25  yds.  long,  2  yds.  wide. 
2os. ;  25  by  3,  32s. ;  25  by  4,  50s.  '  Odd  pieces  of  Netting  for 
Bash  work,  etc.,  4s.  bundle.  All  sent  carriage  paid. — 
U.  Robinson  &  Co.,  Net  Works,  Rye.  Sussex. 


IRON    AND    WIRE    FENCING    for   gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  d^'scription.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Boulton  A'  Paul,  Ltd., 
JIanufacturers,  Xorwich. 


These  beautiful  flowers  are  now  at  their  best,  and  remind  us 
that  provision  should  at  once  be  made  for  next  season's 
requirements. 

We  recommend  flower  lovers  to  try  the  following  colour 
scheme  :— Centre,  Giant  Wliite,  then  Pink,  and  finish  off  with 
a  band  of  Scarlet.  The  effect  will  be  found  most  pleasing  and 
quite  unlike  the  old-fashioned  Sweet  Williams. 

Sutton's  Giant  White,  per  packet.  Is.  6d. 

Sutton's  Scarlet,  per  packet,  2s.  6d.  &  Is.  6d. 

Sutton's  Pink  Beauty,  per  packet,  2s.  6d.  &  Is.  6d. 
SUTTON  &   SONS.   THE    KING'S  SEEDSMEN,    READING. 


A  KELWAY  COLOUR  BORDER  provides  a 

complete  garden  of  enduring  beauty  from  Spring  to  Autumn 
without  the  trouble  and  expense  of  constant  digging  or  bedding- 
out.  Plans  made  now  for  Autumn  planting. — Particulars 
obtainable  from  Retail  Plant  Department.  Kelway  &  Son. 
Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Fiec.  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  etfei-tive.  Pints,  ]  /9 ;  quarts,  ^,'-  ; 
J-gallon,  4/9;  1-gallon,  7/-;  5-gallons,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserymen  tt  Ironmongers.  Sole  manufacturers  :  McDougall 
Bros.,   Ltd.,   Port  Street.  Manchester.     Established  18-15. 


RIVERS'   FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs.  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth.  Herts. 


PAVING. — Crazy      and      Rectangular      Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc..  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — HoDSON  &  Son,  5S,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham. 


J.    WOOD,    Garden    Architect.  —  Rock    and 

Water  Gardens,  Walls  and  Formal  Gardens. — 56,  Fitzroy  Street, 
London,  W.l,  and  at  Leeds. 


TENNIS  COURT   BOUNDARY  NETTING.— 

Fitted  with  strong  lines,  [25yds.  by  2yds.,  20/- ;  25yds.  by  3yds. 
26/- ;  25yds.  by  4yds.,  34/-. — Hawthoen,  Dept.  E,  Shrewsbury. 


SOW   NOW— BATH'S    EMPRESS   PANSIES, 

as  grown  for  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Frogmore.  The  richest  and 
largest  flowering  strain  of  Pansies  extant.  Per  packet  2/6  and 
1/G  post  free  for  cash  with  order.  R.  H.  Bath.  Ltd.  (Dept.  E.), 
The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND   ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S 

AZ.\LEAS.     List    free.— R.    W.lLLACE    i\j    C^ 
Gardens,  Tunbridge  W.lls. 


RHODODENDRONS       AND 

LlJ...    The    Old 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS.     NESTING     BOXES.      Catalogue     (No.     i)     free.— 
MOORTOX.  5,  Thornton  Avenue.  Chiswick. 


GARDEN       NETTING.  —  Prompt     delivery. 

50vds.  by  4vds.,  16/6;  25yds.  by  8vds  .  17/6.  STOUT  NEW 
NETTING  (Tanned),  25yds.  by  4yds,  29/6;  50yds.  by  4yds., 
56/9.  other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also  Tennis  Boundary  Nets. — 
The  GfttJROCK  Ropework  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS     SPECIALITY  —List 

free. — Terby  Lee,  16,  Morden  Road,  Steehford,  Birmingham. 

FOR  SALE— 2  doz.  Nerine  Fothergilli  Major  : 

2  doz.   N.   Bowdeni.     Top  size   bulbs      The    Ii>t    50'-    carriasu 
paid.     Cash  with  order. — FcNNELL.  West  Street,  Dorking 


LAXTON'S    STRAWBERRIES.  — Pot   plants 

and  open  ground  runmrs  of  all  the  best  new  varieties  and  the 
old  favouritts  can  now  be  bookt-d  for  early  dHivi-rj'.  Catalogues 
gratis  on  application. — Laston  Brothers.  Bidford. 


WATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12  6, 

ca-'riage  paid,  different  colours  ;   choice  waterside  plants.  10/6 
doz..  Alpines  6/-.  9/-  and  11/-  per  doz..  all  different,  named  and 
po^t  free.     Catalogues  gratis. — Boweli.  &  SkaERatt,  Nur^erie: 
Che'.t«nham. 


"KLUBROOTA"  EFFECTIVELY  DISPOSES 

of  the  Club  lUjot  disease.  Full  particulars  as  to  use.  14  lbs., 
5/- ;  :;s  lbs..  7/6  ;  56  lbs.,  10/6  ;  112  lbs..  17/6.  carr.  paid. 

«  TOMATOGEN  "— THE    FINEST   TOMATO 

MANURE  ou  tlv  market.  Prtjduees  extraordinarily  heavy  crops. 
14  lbs.,  5/6;  2*  lbs.,  7/6;  56  lbs.,  10/6;  112  lbs..  17/6,  carr.  paid. 

PLANTOGEN  GUANO  makes  Fruits,  Flowers, 

and  Vegetables  grow  better  than  they  ever  grew  before.  Price, 
14  lbs.,  5/6;   28  lbs.,  8/6;   56  lbs..  15/-;   112  lbs..  27/6.  carr.  paid. 

SLUGS   AND  SNAILS,   WIREWORMS   AND 

JULUSWORMS,  and  all  soil  vermin,  quickly  destroyed  by 
■■  Verminite."  14  lbs.,  5/6;  28  lbs.,  7/6;  56  lbs..  9/6;  112  lbs., 
15/6,  carr.  paid.  —  Plastogen  Guano  Co.,  122D,  Park  View, 
Isleworth. 


STORING     VEGETABLES     AND     FRUITS  ; 

with  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitcliiu 
Fire."  liv  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
by  post,  ild.— Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life," 
Ltd..  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


FRENCH     HOUSEHOLD     COOKING.       By 

.Mrs.  Frances  Ketzer.  2/- ;  in  cloth,  3/- ;  postage  4d. 
extra.  The  fourth  edition  of  this  strikingly  successful  little 
book  contains  special  chapters  on  Evening  Meals  and  Vegetarian 
Menus  which  will  be  eagerly  welcomed  by  all  housekeepers. 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2.  


WATERBUTTS. — For  disposal,  several  strong, 

sound,  chestnut  wood  Wine  Casks,  about  120  gallons  capacity, 
20s.  each,  net  rash,  f.o.r.,  London.— Fletcher.  Fletcher  &  Co., 
Ltd.,  Vibrona  Laboratories,  Holloway.  London,  N.7. 


"ONE   IS   NEARER   GOD'S   HEART  IN   A 

GARDEN."  The  author  of  these  oft-quoted  lines  is  Dorothy 
Frances  Gurney,  and  the  poem  is  to  be  found  in  a  collection 
of  her  vers.s  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life  " 
(6/3  net).  A  prospectus  of  the  volume  will  be  sent  free  on 
application  to  THE  Manager,  20,  TaNistock  street,  W.C.2. 


THE   GARDENS    OF   ITALY.— New  Edition 

Edited  by  .Arthur  T.  Bolton.  F.S..\.,  n1th  nearly  500  superb 
illustrations ;  63/-  net.  Full  p,articulars  of  this  beautiful 
volume  will  be  sent  on  application  to  The  Manager,  "  Country 
Life"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  CULTURE  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— 

By  H.  WELL3.  Freely  illustrated.  Paper  covers,  2.6  net; 
cloth,  3/6  net  ;  by  post  4d.  extra.  Published  at  the  Offices 
ol  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  lavistock^Street,  W.C.2. 


GARDEN    NETS,    tanned,    small    mesh,   for 

trawberrv  and  fruit  protection,  30  yards  long,  1  yard  wide. 
hi- :  30  by  2,  10/- ;  30  by  3,  16,'- ;  30  by  4,  21/-,  carriage  paid, 
— A.  SIMMS,   Netting  Work.-,   Rve. 


NEW   HYDRANGEA.— Etincelant  (Award  of 

Merit),  bright  rose  pink.  Strong  sturdy  plants  of  this  wonderful 
variety,  ex-60's  pots,  price  7/6  each.  Carriage  and  packing  free. 
— .ARTHUR  Young.  Oxted.  Surrey. 


CHOICE    DAFFODILS.— Write   for   Herbert 

Chapman's  Annual  List  of  Bargain  Lots,  now  ready. — Address  : 
Herbert  Chapman,  Ltd..  Rotherside  Gardens,  Rye.  Sussex. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  .MOST  OF  IT.  .A  new  and  practical  booklet  by  the  late 
W.  Truelove.  9d.  net  ;  by  post,  lid.  Publi-shed  at  the 
offices  of  "  Country  Lite,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2.  


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— .A  thoroughlv  practical  and  "ell  illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  Laurence  J.  Cook, 
is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  ex.ra.  It  is  published 
at  the  offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covint  Gar.len,  W.C.2.  


GARDENS    OLD    AND    NEW.      Edited   by 

H.  AVKAY  Tii'PiNG,  M.A.,  F.S..i.  Only  a  few  copies  remain 
of  these  rare  and  beautiful  volumes  ;  £2  12/6  net  each.  Published 
at  the  Offices  of  "COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE      HARDY      FLOWER      BOOK.  —  By 

E.  H.  Jenkins.  The  second  edition  of  tiiis  practical  and 
bcautif  jlly  illustrated  book  is  now  on  sale,  price  3/6  net,  by  post 
3/10.  An  illlLstrated  prospectus  sent  post  free  ou  application  to 
The  Manager  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  St.,  W.C.2 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIL 


RYDERS   OFFER 

IN  ADDITION  TO  THE  MANY  NOVELTIES 
ADVERTISED  DURING  THE  PAST  FEW  WEEKS 
Seeds  of  the  following  sterling  plants  : 

LANTANAS  — Ryders  hybrids  embrace 
many  most  charming  colours  ;  are 
dwarf,  free-flowering  and  will  do  well 
both  in  pots  and  in  the  flower  garden. 

ZONALS  —  During  past  years  a  great 
number  of  Zonal  Pelargoniums  have 
been  lost  to  cultivation.  Rvders 
strain  has  been  specially  hybridised 
and  gives  an  opportunity  of  raising 
many  new  and  beautiful  sorts. 

MIGNONETTE  —  The  seven  sorts 
offered  in  Ryders  List  are  the  best 
the  world  produces. 
Ryders  Superb  is  the  finest  red  and 
an  ideal  pot  plant.  Giant  White  and 
Ryders  Orange  are  also  excellent  >orts, 
while  for  the  real  old  fragrance  none 
beats  Sweetest  of  All. 

TROLLIUS — Ryders  hybrids  are  mag- 
nificent and  yield  a  great  variety  of 
shades  of  Yellow,  Lemon  and  Orange 
colours. 

THESE  SEEDS  are  sent  out  in  2d.,  6d.  &  !•. 
packets  and  are  the  best  seeds  that  can  be  grown. 


E    Everything  for  the  Garden :  Lists  Free 

SEEDS,     BULBS,     PLANTS, 
Tools  and  all  Garden  Sundries. 


I    RYDERS  (SeedDept.11),  ST.  ALBANS    | 

'Ryder  S- Son  1)920)  Ua.)  = 

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllnillp 


[June  25,   1921. 


CANARY    GUANO 

ENSURES     BEST     RESULTS. 

Healthy  plant  and  vegetable  life  is  produced 
by  dressing  with  Canary  Guano.  This  month 
Tomatoes,  Cucumbers,  Celery  and  Cabbages 
should  receive  attention. 

Canary    Guano  is    not   a    stimulant,    but   a 
food  for  all  plant  life. 


Obtainable  from  all    Seedsmen  in  Cartons.  1/-  each. 

Bass,  71b.,  3/6;    Nib..  6/6;    28lh..    111-.    561b.,    19/-; 

Icwt.,  35/-  each,  or  direct  from  the  makers. 

Write  (o.rf.iv  for  FREE  Bm,klet.  Nn.  It.  contiuithig 
111!!  t-iirliLjiiUirfi  of  "  Cutujry  Citilno."  ■with  Ga'dcit 
Diaty    for     the     Yeilr.    fost    free    on    ilppticiltion. 

THE  CHEMICAL  UNION,  Ltd .  IPSWICH. 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA'  Lawn  sand  Soilfume. 
NicoriME.  Insecticides,  Fumers. sprays  and  Other  chemicals 
*No  SuNOftits.  set  List.  Puase  ask  your  agewt  for  trs  eureka 

ARTICLES  -  They  are  always  SAnSFACTORY  ff  AKY  DIFFICULTY 
IN   OBTAINING    Wt   SEND   OlRtCT.     CARRIAGE   PAID 


:T0MLINSONilH*VWAIID  Lt?  LINCOLN. 


GARDEN      NETTi    >G. 

Strong  small  mesh.  SO  by  1  yd..  5  6;  SO  by  2.  II  -  ;  50  by  4 
£1  ;  100  by  1  yd..  11/-;  lOO  by  2.  £1;  25  by  8.  £1.  New 
nettings.  A. in.  6d.:  do.  i-in.  Sd.  square  yard.  Special  steam 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  1  quality,  lid. ;  No.  2  quality.  6d 
square  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr.  piid.  pass,  train. 
I  hold  the  largest  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  Write  for  large  list. 
W.   OLIVER  ALLEN,  Net  Maker.   Porthleven,    Cornwall 

Telenriivin:   Oliver  Allen.  Porthl  ven. 


NOIV    READY 


THE    "HOME    GARDEN"    BOOKS. 


ROSE 
GARDENING 

By    MARY    HAMPDEN 

Author  of  "  Flower  Culture  "  <£c. 

With  8  plates  in  colour  by  Maud  A.  West, 
and    50    line    drawings    by    the    Author. 

THIS  instructive  work—the  outcome  of 
many  years'  practical  experience — was 
submitted  to  one  of  the  most  prominent  and 
successful  rose  growers  in  England,  whose 
opinion  is  that  the  information  given  is 
comprehensive  and  thoroughly  reliable 
in  every  respect.  Si.xteen  blooms  are 
accurately  depicted  in  Miss  West's  beautiful 
series  of  coloured  plates. 

7/6  net. 


TOWN 
GARDENING 

By    MARY    HAMPDEN 

Author  of  "  So.se  Gardening."  &c. 
Fully  illustrated  from  photographs,  and  a 
series   of    line  drawings  by   the  Author. 

T^HIS  pleasant  and  cari  fully  written 
-•-  handbook  ofTers  a  practical  solution 
of  the  difficulties  experienced  by  the  town 
and  suburban  gardener.  It  describes  fully 
the  ineans  of  gaining  the  best  effects  in 
beds,  borders,  rockeries  and  urns  ;  methods 
ot  dealing  with  creeping  and  climbing 
plants  on  walls,  fences,  verandahs.  Lists 
of  plants,  trees,  shrubs,  &c.,  specially  sut- 
able  for  town  culture. 


6/-et. 
AT      ALL      BOOKSELLERS 

Coloured     Prospectus     on     application     to  ^ the     Publishers- 

THORNTON    BUTTERWQRTH,   LTD.,   15,  Bedford  St.,    LONDON,  W.C.2 


Notes   From   Maidstone. 


■■  PUNCH"  IN  THE 
GARDEN. 

The  sprii^/itly  pen  of 
Evoc  ' '  in  last  week's 
"  Punch  "  dealt  with  various 
pests  of  the  garden,  includ- 
ing the  visitor  who  always 
points  out  diseaiCS,  and 
other  itnpleasant  tilings. 

"  Come  and  look  at  this 
apple  tree  !  ' ' 

/  came  and  found  the 
ti  link  covered  with  a  kind  of 
white  wool,  like  whiskers. 

"  T  h  at' s  American 
Blight,"  he  told  me. 

"  What  ought  I  to  do,"  I 
asked,  "  write  t  >  the  Foreign 
Office  about  it  ?  " 

A  more  rapid  cure  is,  we 
suggest,  a  bottle  of  our 
Blight  Cure,  which  we  can 
send,  post  free  for  1  quart, 
•5/- ;  i  gallon.  7/6.  Brushes 
for  applying  same,  9d.  each. 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


m 


m 


^. 


Flower    See.ls   for     sowing    in 
June :— 

ANEMONE,  St.  Brigid,  every 
fine  strain,  Od.  packet. 
AQUILEGIA,    Pearson's  long- 
spurred   strain,   very  fine,    6d. 
and  Ij- 

AU  BRI  ETIA.     new    large 
flowe  ed  hybrids,  6d. 
AURICULA    ALPINE,    finest 
ini.xcd,  Od. 

CALCEOLARIA  (Greenhouse), 
finest  strain,  1  j6  and  2(6. 
CINERARIA,    large    flowered 
and  Stellata,  1 16  and  2l6. 
CYCLAMEN.    Giant   fid.,    Il6 
&  216. 

DELPHINIUM,  finest  mixed. 
6d. 

GAILLARDIA,  fine  peiennial 
for  cutting,  6d. 

GYPSOPHILA  paniculata 

compacta,  3il . 
HOLLYHOCK,  single,  6d. 

double,  I j- 
LUPINUS       arboreus      Snow 
Queen,  fine  tree  Lupin.  6d. 
LUPIN  US     POLYPHYLLUS. 
blue  and  white  hardy  perennial. 
e"ch  3d  per  packet. 
MYOSOTIS  (Forget-me-not)   in 
var..  3  I .  to  Ij-. 

PANSIES.  in  var..  6d.  to  Ij-. 
POPPIES,  perennial.  3d.  to  Ij-. 

J .  R.  Pearson  &Sons.  Ltd., 
Lowdham, 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


^<>ws^:^9^'^^^s^'^sz^. 


No.  2588.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[June  25,  1921. 


A   T   the   time  of  wTiting  thtre  is  little   sign 
/\      of  a  break  in  the  great  drought,  which 
/   %     is  the  worst  experienced  in  these  islands 
f^^^L   for  a  quarter  of  a  century.     Garden  and 
^  » orchard  are  in  sad     need  of  rain,  while 

the  agriculturist  is  in  sore  straits.  The  gardener 
who  has  at  hand  the  means  of  giving  company's 
water  to  his  thirsty  plants  is  little  better  off  than 
the  man  who  has  to  depend  on  stream  or  well 
Indeed,  unless  conscience  is  deaf  to  the  appeal 
which  law  may  soon  enforce,  he  is  in  the  same 
strait  There  is  nothing  left  but  to  use  wit 
to  circumvent  and  overcome  difficulties.  Free 
use  should  be  made  of  the  hoe  ;  plants  should 
be  protected  as  far  as  possible  with  dressings 
of  straw  manure,  grass  cuttings,  pulled  weeds — 
which  seem  to  flourish  amazingly  dryness  not- 
withstanding— or  anything  else  which  ingenuity 
can  suggest.  Failing  other  means,  use  can  be 
made  of  dressings  of  soil  to  protect  the  roots  of 
plants  from  losing  by  evaporation  what  moisture 
they  have 

Canada  and  '  Plant  Nicknames.— On  other 
pages  in  this  issue  will  be  found  a  delightful 
description  by  Lady  Byng  of  Vimy  of  the  garden 


of  her  Essex  home  Beautiful  as  it  is  now,  we 
have  little  doubt  that  Canada  will  contribute 
in  due  course  to  its  floral  treasures.  Canada  is 
rich  in  plant  life — the  Rocky  Mountains  alone 
provide  fine  opportunities  to  the  lover  of  flowers, 
and  that  not  only  to  the  collector  of  rare  plants. 
The  traveller  is  amused  by  and  interested  in  the 
quaint  and  uncommon  nicknames  bestowed  on 
the  wild  flowers  which  flourish  in  profusion  through- 
out the  Dominion.  Creeping  Charlie  {Nepeta 
Glechoma),  Nimble  Kate  (Sicyos  angulatus), 
Jack  in  the  Pulpit  (Arissema  triphyllum),  Bro^vn- 
eyed  Susan  (Gaillardia  aristata).  Bouncing  Bet 
(Saponaria  officinalis),  Hen  and  Chickens  (Dudleya 
Sheldoni)  and  Huntsman's  Cap  (Sarracenia  pur- 
purea) are  examples  of  commonly  used  names 
which  are  in  most  cases  more  or  less  descriptive 
of  plants  which  are  known  to  our  readers  under 
their  botanical  names. 
A    Great   Summer   Show    of    Roses.  —  The 

National  Rose  Society's  Summer  Exhibition,  in  the 
Botanic  Gardens,  Regent's  Park  on  Wednesday 
next,  will  provide  the  most  extensive,  beautiful 
and  varied  display  of  Roses  in  this  country  and 
probably  the  largest  ever  seen  in  any  part  of  the 


world.  .As  in  former  years,  a  'populat  featiure  of 
the  exhibition  will  be  the  new  seedling  Roses  shown 
for  the  first  time  To  the  best  will  be  awarded  the 
greatest  honour  a  new  Rose  can  receive,  viz.,  the 
coveted  gold  medal  of  the  National  Rose  Society 
Those  Horrid  Insects— The  tired  man  must 
not  torget  that,  at  this  time  of  year,  there  is  one 
irawback  to  his  evening  garden  ;  gnats  and  mos- 
quitoes can  make  things  very  unpleasant  both  for 
him  and  for  his  friends.  In  a  garden  that  we  know 
wellthe  posts  havebeenvervtroublesome  during  the 
past  week  Most  people  have  an  infallible  remedy, 
but  it  frequently  fails  to  protect  other  folk  !  At  the 
risk  of  finding  that  ours  is  equally  ineffective  when 
someone  else  uses  it,  we  recommend  a  solution  of 
lysol.  We  fin.f  that  if  to  a  little  water  are  added 
a  few  drops  of  this  disinfectant  and  face,  hands, 
etc.,  are  damped,  the  mosquito  does  not  attack.  It 
is  only  necessary  to  add  sufficient  ly=ol  to  make  the 
face  smart  very  slightly  when  it  is  first  app.Ued.  We 
also  find  that  when  caught  unprotected,  if  the 
punctured  spot  is  pricked  with  a  needle  dipped  in  the 
undiluted  disinfectant,  much  of  the  subsequent 
irritation  is  prevented.  In  India,  where  mosquitoes 
are  very  troublesome,  free  use  is  made  of  bamber  oil. 


AN    ATTRACTIVE    BORDER    AND    A    HANDY    STREA.M 


314 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  25,  1921. 


THE  GARDEN  OF  THE  GOVERNOR-DESIGNATE  OF  CANADA 


Bv     LADY    BYNG     OF     VBIV. 

[Reference  was  made  in  last  u'eek's  issue  to  the  gardens  at  Thorpe  Hall,  Essex,  the  seat  of  Lord  Byng  of  Viniy,  the  Governor- Designate  of 
Canada.  We  are  certain  every  reader  will  find  pleasure  and  interest  in  the  follozcing  description,  from  Lady  Byng's  oicn  pen,  of  the  manner 
in  which  a  sadly  neglected  place  has  been  transformed  into  a  garden  of  delight.  There  is  no  need  for  the  editorial  pen  to  add  anything  to 
Lady  Byng's  epilogue.  Her  precept  and  example  can  be  folloiced  wherever  opportunities  exist.  The  joys  of  gardening  are  not 
dependent  upon  large  spaces.     Given   the  right  spirit,  the  tiniest  garden  provides  possibility  for  ingenuity  and  can  give  much  additional 

pleasure  to  its  oivner  who  uses  thought. — Ed] 


A  SQUARE,    ugly,    white    house    with    a 
leaky  roof  ;    walls  greened  by  the  tear- 
stains  of  weeping  trees  so  overhanging 
them  that  they  exclude  all  sun  and  air  ; 
a   blanket   of   Ivy   obscuring   the   north 
and   rampant   Briars    tapping    against    the   south 
windows,    while    through    the   broken    glass    of    a 
lean-to  vinery  on  the  southern  wall  forlorn  tendrils 
of  Vine  waved  in  the  breeze.     Such  was  Thorpe 
Hall  on  July  12,  1913,  when  I  first  drove  through 
the  "  well  timbered,  park-like  grounds 
containing  fine  sheets  of  water,"  as  the 
estate   agents'  catalogue   described  the 
place.     There    were   about   fifty    acres 
of    good,    undulating    pasturage,  with 
splendid  Oak  trees  and  a  sheet  of  water 
in  the  hollow.     Beyond  that  one  effort 
at  truthfulness  the  estate   agents  had 
given     rein    to    fancy   with   shocking 
licence.    The  "  charming  enclosed  Rose 
garden  "  consisted  of  a  dozen  moribund 
Rose   bushes    behind   a   Privet    hedge. 
The    "  tennis    and    croquet   lawns "   I 
never     did    succeed    in    locating,    for 
there   was   no  level   ground  anywhere, 
and  the  grass  was  getting  on  for  knee- 
deep.    However,    there    was    a  charm 
about   the  place,   despite    a  jungle  of 
Yews  anrl  Laurels  that  edged  the  house 
completely  on  the  eastern  side,   and  a 
sloping,  rank  meadow  on  to  which  the 
front  door  looked  across  a  narrow  drive 
fenced  by  iron  railings.     On  the  north- 
west front  rose  a  30ft.  hedge  of  every 
conceivable    abomination  in    the    way 
of     Brambles,     Thorns,     Hollies     and 
Hazels.         Long      years      of      mutual 
antagonism  had   made    them  scraggy, 
though    thick   enough — thanks   to   the 
Brambles    that    bound  them  together 
— to  form  so  complete  a  screen  to  a  lake 
which   lay  behind   them  that   Blanket 
Weed   at   least   2ins.   thick  covered  its 
surface  because  no  air  penetrated  the 
hedge.     On  the  south  of  the  house  lay 
another  piece  of  water,  smaller  in  size 
and     of   a    rigid,     rectangular    shape, 
buried  in  yet   another  tangle  of  trees 
and  ill-grown  shrubs.     But  through  this  I  spied, 
to   my   amazement,    the   tops   of    two    Eucalyp- 
tus Globulus  standing  at  least   50ft.  to  60ft.  up. 
They  opened  my  eyes  to  undreamt  of  possibilities 
in  gardening  and,  I  think,  were  the  things  which 
first  made  me  seriously  consider  making  my  home 
here. 

In  the  autumn  of  1913  I  set  to  work  on  house 
and  garden.  In  the  latter  it  was  cut.  cut,  cut  all 
day  long,  without  making  any  appreciable  differ- 
ence, it  seemed.  However,  when  I  returned 
from  Cairo  in  the  May  of  1914,  there  really  was 
some  sense  of  space  about  the  place  and  I  was 
able  to  work  on  the  more  absorbing  aspect  of 
garden  making,  beginning  with  the  south  side, 
where,  helped  by  my  friend,  Mr.  Wallace  now  of 
TunbridgeWells,  I  made  a  big  flagged  terrace  leading 
to  a  small  sunk  garden  paved  with  old  red  bricks 
from  an  unneeded  wall  in  the  back  premises.  In 
a  corner  of  the  sunk  garden  we  struck  a  spring, 


which  we  converted  into  an  octagonal  Lily  tank. 
To  the  west  we  had  to  make  a  lawn  from  the  soil 
dug  out  of  the  sunk  garden.  Oh  !  that  lawn  ; 
It  remains  my  despair,  for  the  ground  is  so  dry  and 
gravelly  that  the  moment  we  cease  to  get  heavy 
rain — and  this  is  the  dry  belt — we  have  brown 
patches  of  earth  and  fissures,  but  no  grass.  Our 
soil  is  chiefly  sandy  gravel,  with  yellow  loam, 
and  in  the  woodlands  a  wealth  of  peaty  leaf-soil 
in    which    Rhododendrons    and    Azaleas    thrive. 


planted  in  1916  on  the  edge  of  the  lake,  now 
produces  leaves  measuring  7ft.  Sins,  in  diameter. 
In  the  case  of  both  Gunneras,  we  merely  lay  their 
fading  leaves  across  the  crowns,  letting  them 
remain  till  the  young  spring  growths  push  their 
way  through,  when  we  give  as  much  manure 
as  we  can  spare  Piptanthus  ;  Clianthus  pumila, 
which  blossoms  freely  each  year  against  a  west 
wall;  Calceolaria  violacea,  with  its  dainty  little 
mauve  speckled  bells  ;    a  Lemon-scented  Verbena 


A    LILY    POOL    MADE    BY    THE    OVERFLOW     FROM    THE    MAIN    LAKE. 


Springs  there  seem  to  be  all  over  the  place,  though 
the  house  stands  on  the  hardest,  driest  grave! 
bed  I  ever  saw. 

My  friends  the  Eucalyptus  Globulus,  as  though 
in  gratitude  for  my  clearance  of  the  rubbish  that 
was  throttling  them,  proceeded  in  the  summer  of 
1914  to  flower  and  fruit,  so  that  I  secured  several 
seedlings,  some  of  which  I  lost  through  my  own 
stupidity  in  not  realising  that  they  will  only 
transplant  at  a  very  early  stage  of  their  existence. 
However,  two  remain  to  this  day  and  are  growing 
into  fine  trees.  The  Eucalyptus  set  me  experi- 
menting in  all  manner  of  plants,  and  having  the 
good  fortune  to  possess  as  a  brother-in  law  the 
late  Mr.  John  Boscawen,  then  living  in  Cornwall, 
I  begged  everything  I  could  get,  and  he  was 
magnificently  generous.  From  Tregye  I  brought 
back  seedling  Pinus  insignis  (now  making  good 
big  trees  along  the  drive),  Gunnera  manicata  and 
G.   scabra.     The   former,    a   small,    single   crown. 


which  has  now  reached  the  first  floor  bedroom 
windows  and  is  merely  granted  a  handful  of  ashes 
over  its  roots  in  the  winter  and  a  severe  prunine 
back  to  the  old  wood  each  year,  are  all  hardy, 
despite  the  1916-17  winter  Solanum  jasminoides 
has  raced  Clematis  montana  and  rubens  for  the 
roof  of  the  house,  and  Ceanothus  Veitchii,  now 
well  up  to  the  second  floor,  has  to  be  ruthlessly 
cut  back  every  spring  to  keep  it  within  due  bounds. 
Lonicera  Hildebrandiana  is  again  among  the  ram- 
pant growers  on  the  south  wall,  while  L.  Standishii 
and  L.  fragrantissima,  further  along,  always 
provide  great  branches  for  winter  decoration. 
Choisya  ternata  is  almost  too  robust  here  ;  Salvia 
Grahami  and  the  tall  pink  greenhouse  one,  whose 
name  I  cannot  remember,  are  perfectly  hardy  in 
warm  corners,  and  Benthamia  fragifera  has  made 
a  4ft.  Sin.  bush  with  no  protection  beyond  a 
selected  spot.  Among  other  tender  plants,  I 
have  succeeded  with   the   following  on   the   rock 


June  25,   1921.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


315 


garden  :  Convolvulus  Cneonim,  a  fine  thick  bush 
now;  C.  mauritanicus,  which  spreads  its  gloriou? 
blue  mauve  blossoms  everj-where ;  Grevillea 
rosmarinifolia  spreads  itself  happily ;  Fuchsia 
procumbens,  a  tiny  plant  which  few  people  seem 
to  know,  forms  an  attractive  grounding  ;  while 
n  a  warm  corner  F.  Riccartoni  has  reached  12ft. 
in  height.  Veronicas  of  all  kinds  seed  themselves 
in  profusion,  but  my  greatest  pride  is  a  bush, 
4ft.  loins.  high  and  20ft.  in  diameter,  of  Eupa- 
torium  Weinmannianum,  which  I  stuck  in  as  a 
cutting  on  a  warm  south-west  bank  above  the 
water  garden.  Drimys  aromatica  and  Eugenia 
ni\Ttifolia  are  making  good  little  bushes,  and  I 
have  hopes  that  Zauschneria  californica  is  going 
to  prove  hardy  here.  Correa  cardinalis  has  not 
done  much  since  it  came  from  either  Ludgvan 
Rectory  or  Tregye — I  forget  which — but  a  dwarf 
silver-leaved  Euonymus,  from  the  former  place, 
is  a  delightfully  compact  miniature  shrub,  of  which 
I  do  not  know  the  name  and  few  people  seem  to 
recognise. 

Of  the  sloping  grass  field,  ablaze  with  Butter- 
cups in  igi'?,  where  the  caretaker's  geese  found 
a  plentiful  li\-ing,  there  was  made  in  June,  1914, 
the  first  attempt  at  a  water  garden.  The  sluice 
from  the  lake  above  it  was  so  altered  that  the 
overflow,  instead  of  wasting  itself  in  a  ciitch, 
supplied  several  smaller  ponds  for  coloured  Water 
Lilies.  We  have  increased  the  ponds  for  two 
reasons :  first,  to  diminish  labour  by  having 
water  where  scything  of  rough  grass  was  other- 
wise needed ;  secondly,  to  accommodate  the 
rapidly  increasing  collection  of  rock  plants  and 
tender  specimens  which  needed  special  attention. 
The  overflow  ponds  (which  are  also  vastly  helped 
by  several  springs  under  their  sur*'ace)  are  made 
about  three  times  the  size  they  were.  The  earth 
removed — fortunately  of  the  most  lovely  loam, 
siltage,  and  a  certain  amount  of  clayey  subsoil — 
is  being  piled  in  banks  and  hillocks  where  the 
rocks  from  every  other  part  of  the  garden  are 
being  gathered  together,  in  company  with  some 
iron  -  stone  boulders  which,  for  some  unknown 
reason,  a  wasteful  War  Department  laid  at  the 
bottom  of  a  temporary  road  in  the  village.  It 
was  a  form  of  ill  wind  that,  if  it  wasted  the  tax- 
payers' money,  proved  of  value  to  the  new  o^vner 
of  the  land,  and  also  to  myself  in  the  possibility 
of  purchasing,  on  the  spot,  what  I  could  most 
certainly  never  have  afforded  to  get  from  York- 
shire or  whichever  remote  county  the  boulders 
originally  came.  Thanks,  therefore,  to  this 
Government  waste  my  rock  garden  grows  apace, 
and  the  rarer  plants  are  finding  the  most  congenial 
of  homes.  On  the  pond  edge  facing  north  are  a 
collection  of  hardy  Ferns,  early  flowering  Primulas 
—  P.  rosea  and  P.  capitata — with  drifts  of 
white  Heather,  a  belt  of  Hydrangea  paniculata 
which  has  been  star%'ing  in  a  dry  corner,  and  low- 
growing  Rhododendrons.  Against  a  big  mass  of 
Dogwood  these  should  form  a  grand  colour  scheme, 
especially  as  a  tree  of  golden-leafed  Maple  rises 
above  them.  From  this  natural  fall  the  ground 
itself  rises  sharply  towards  the  house  and,  arti- 
ficially, is  in  process  of  rising  much  higher.  Behind 
it,  to  break  the  big  space  of  grass  that  would  still 
need  scything,  I  am  planting  groups  of  bush  Pear 
trees,  which  have  been  unsatisfactory  croppers, 
though  they  blossom  abundantly.  I  think  that 
very  often  when  a  fruit  tree  is  exiled  from  the 
fruit  garden  it  might — if  a  free  bloomer — be 
placed  in  the  pleasure  grounds,  for  long  sprays 
of  bloom  cut  in  spring  are  a  gi'eat  joy,  and  one 
can  thus  treat'  discards  without  any  feeling  of 
sin.  Another  planting  is  of  Olearia  macrodonta 
and  Cydonia  Maulei  seedling ;  while  under  a 
spreading  Juniper,  on  a  spur  of  the  rock  garden, 
are  the  colonies  of  Primula  malacoides  and 
frondosa    which,    under    a    grandfatherly    Yucca 


gloriosa,  have  already  withstood  many  winters 
in  the  open,  also  seeding  themselves  profusely. 
.\  little  island  at  the  head  of  the  water  garden 
is  carpeted  with  Erica  carnea,  E.  vagaus, 
and  Irish  Heaths,  while  E.  mediterranea  and 
E.  codonoides  are  rapidly  growing  into  young 
trees.  The  lawn  on  the  west  of  the  house  is  the 
only  piece  of  "  kept  grass  "  I  have  allowed.  Grass 
edges  are  reduced  to  a  minimum,  and  beyond  the 
lawn — or  tennis  court,  which  it  will  be  some  day — 
there  are  only  the  paths  in  the  water  garden, 
and  one  straight  path  leading,  on  a  lower  level 
from  the  lawn  and  between  broad  herbaceous 
borders,  to  the  fields  that  give  us  a  short  cut  to 
the  station.  I  have  tried,  and  am  still  trying, 
to  reduce  labour,  and  the  reduction  of  mowing 
is,  I  think,  the  greatest  economy  of  all.  Mown 
grass  is  very  stately,  of  com'se,  the  shadow  effects 
delightful ;  but  I  fear  these  are  luxuries  of  a 
pre-war  age,  and  flagged  terraces,  bricked  gardens 
and  thick  planting  are  the  only  solution  I  have 
been  able  to  find. 

But,  after  all  I  have  written,  I  find  that  no 
word  of  the  more  utilitarian  side  of  gardening 
has  escaped  my  pen ;  but  it  has  not  escaped 
my  labours — or,  rather,  those  of  Moore.  We 
provided  a  hundred  and  fifty  men  of  the 
R..\.S.C.  quartered  in  this  village  with  all  their 
vegetables  and  Potatoes  during  the  war.  Since 
then  we  have  marketed  in  Clacton-on-Sea.  whither 
"  Matilda,"  the  "  demobbed  "  Army  mule,  takes 
in  a  cartload  of  produce  twice  a  week.  I  believe 
that  if  you  begin  marketing  you  must  subserviate 
everything  else  to  it  or  else  it  is  not  worth  doing. 
It  was  our  intention  to  diminish  the  acreage  of 
kitchen  garden,  therefore  our  labour,  and  only 
sell  such  actual  surplus  as  we  had ;  but 
we  intended  to  increase  cur  fruit  production,  if 
possible.  Of  course,  these  have  been  lean  years 
in  that  direction  because  the  whole  thing  had 
to  be  made  from  the  start.  There  were  no  fruit 
trees,  no  Cherries,  no  Currant  or  Gooseberry 
bushes  and  no  Raspberry  canes.  Everything 
had  to  be  bought  and  grown  on,  and  it  was  only 
this  past  season  that  we  have  had  a  really  good 
crop  of  Peaches  off  the  south  wall  and  Pears, 
both  to  eat  and  preserve.  In  days  to  come  I 
hope  there  will  be  enough  to  sell  in  biggish 
quantities.  Fruit  marketing  would  pay,  I  believe, 
handsomely,  far  better  in  proportion  than  vege- 
tables. 

I  have  responded  to  the  Editor's  request  to 
tell  my  fellow  readers  about  this  little  garden 
for  a  definite  reason,  namely,  to  encourage  them 
to  make  experiments  and  gardens.  There  is 
nothing  so  delightful,  nothing  so  wholesome  for 
mind  and  body,  as  making  a  garden  and  enjoying 
its  fruits.  If  it  has  been  possible — I  sometimes 
wonder  how — to  a  great  extent,  to  make  part  of 
this  garden  during  the  war,  it  is  easier  to  do  so 
now.  I  hope  that  many  of  my  fellow  amateurs 
will  follow  my  seemingly  mad  experiments,  if 
they  care  to  do  so,  and  find  as  much  pleasure 
and  success  as  I  have  had  so  far  here. 


Some  of  the  Later  Brooms 

ON  the  hot,  shaley  soil  of  this  Car- 
narvonshire garden  Brooms  are, 
naturally  much  in  evidence,  and 
among  the  later-flowering  kinds  one 
of  the  most  satisfying  is  Genista 
virgata.  This  because  it  is  a  perfectly  easy  doer 
in  the  poorest  of  ground,  because  it  is  quickly 
raised  from  seed,  and  because  it  makes  a  big, 
bushy  shrub  that  is  smothered  in  small  yellow 
flowers  for  many  weeks  of  summer.  Old  specimens 
of  this  species  are  apt  to  get  tall  and  lanky,  but, 
since   propagation  is   such    a  simple   matter   and 


growth  so  rapid,  there  is  no  need  for  anyone  to 
put  up  with  such.  The  hardiness  of  G.  virgata 
is  unquestionable.  Though  a  native  of  Madeira, 
it  has  here  safely  come  through  frosts  which  have 
turned  common  Gorse  quite  brown. 

Another  fine  subject  for  sun-baked,  barren  land 
is  the  Sicilian  Broom,  G.  a?tnensis,  a  peculiarly 
elegant  species  that  will  attain  the  height  of  a 
dozen  feet  and  more,  and  which  generally  assumes 
a  weeping  habit.  Though  practically  leafless, 
G.  aetnensis  throws  out  in  spring  more  or  less 
pendulous  shoots  of  a  tender  green  which  bear  in 
full  summer,  in  addition  to  a  few  silky  leaflets, 
brilliant  creamy  yellow  blossoms  prettily  poised 
like  butterflies  on  the  fresh,  drooping  growths. 
This  species,  again,  is  easily  raised  from  seed 
and,  so  far,  we  have  found  it  almost  as  hardy  as 
the  foregoing.  G.  aetnensis  takes  some  time 
before  attaining  its  full  beauty.  For  the  first 
few  years  it  flowers  sparsely,  but  when  the  main 
stem  begins  to  assume  the  dignity  of  a  trunk  it 
will  become  veiled  with  a  mass  of  Rush-like 
brcmchlets  all  bearing  their  pretty  and  fragrant 
clusters. 

Perhaps  the  most  valuable  of  the  better  knowTj 
late-flowering  Brooms  of  the  Cytisus  group  is 
C.  nigricans.  In  this  species  we  have  one  which 
will  often  be  at  its  best  in  August  when  most 
flowering  shrubs  are  getting  over,  and  when  grown 
in  the  mass  the  multitude  of  small  yellow  flowers, 
which  are  borne  on  gin.  terminal  spikes  of  the 
current  year's  growt.i,  produce  a  fine  effect.  Like 
most  of  the  others,  C.  nigricans  enjoys  a  sunny 
aspect  and  rather  poor  land.  A  stock  may  be 
raised  from  seed  without  difficulty,  and  though 
mature  plants  will  attain  a  height  of  6ft.,  young 
specimens  very  quickly  begin  flowering.  C. 
nigricans  is  the  better  for  a  little  pruning  back  in 
early  spring,  this  encouraging  the  new  growth 
on  which  the  summer  display  depends.  The 
%ariety  known  as  C.  Carlieri  is  an  improved  form 
of  the  above. 

In  seasons  like  the  present,  when  the  common 
Broom  ;C.  scoparius)  blossomed  early,  the  late- 
flowering  forms  of  this  species  are  particularly 
useful  and  welcome  additions  to  their  charming 
race.  That  they  are  really  late  bloomers  may 
be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  from  my  window 
as  1  write  a  bank  of  the  common  Broom  is  just  in 
that  shabby  stage  between  flower  and  seed-pod. 
Among  these  bushes  are  several  of  the  late-flowering 
forms,  and  since  these  will  not  be  in  blossom  for 
a  few  weeks,  they  are  still  as  green  as  they  were 
in  December.  In  all  other  respects  the  late  Brooms 
are  like  the  type.  But  cultivation  appears  to 
have  given  them  more  vigour  than  one  usually 
sees  in  the  wild  shrub.  The  flowering  branches 
sweep  upwards  or  hang  down  with  greater  freedom, 
the  blossoms  are  generally  larger,  and  they  have 
all  those  advantages  of  a  more  advanced  season 
that  are  denied  the  native  type. 

Spartium  junceum  is  Broom  enough  to  be 
included  in  these  notes,  but  the  distinctive  merits 
of  this  splendid  subject  are  too  familiar  to  most 
of  us  to  need  more  than  a  passing  mention.  So, 
too,  Spartium  Carmich£elia^,  also  with  Rush-like 
twigs,  which  are  studded  with  rosy  pink  flowers 
in  early  July,  is  also  near  enough  to  the  Brooms 
to  be  included  in  any  grouping  of  these  elegant 
shrubs  where  the  soil  is  light  and  warm  and  the 
climate  not  too  severe,  Y'et  another  delightful 
shrub  sufficiently  Broom-like,  here  grown  under 
the  name  Corniola  mantica,  bears  from  June 
onwards  bold  gin.  spikes  of  orange  yellow  blossoms. 
This  seems  perfectly  hardy.  It  is  easily  propa- 
gated by  cuttings,  and  one  that  with  us  is  amply 
satisfied  with  the  kind  of  soil  that  most  of 
the  Brooms  enjoy.  C.  mantica  is  a  subject 
worthy  of  a  good  place,  and  it  does  not  object 
to  half-shade.  C.\mbria. 


316 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  25,  1921. 


PRESENT    ROSE     TROUBLES     AND 
SOME     REMEDIES 

/;;  a  tiumber  of  gardens  the  Roses  are  not  so  satisfactory  as  their  owners  icould 

wish.       The  folloiving  article  is  of  great  present  interest   in    that   it   explains    the 

causes  of  some  failures  and  suggests  ways  of  avoiding  them  in  the  future. 


WHAT  is  wrong  with  my  Roses  ?  " 
is  a  question  whicli  is  all  too 
common  to-day.  Doleful  tales 
are  told  of  Roses  that  "broke" 
badly,  of  whole  branches  that 
did  not  break  at  all  and,  much  worse,  of  Roses 
that  died  without  so  much  as  a  bud  bursting. 
And,  to  intensify  the  trouble,  in  many  gardens 
fungoid  and  insect  pests  are  rampant.  So  that, 
altogether,  it  would  seem  that  there  is 
something  radically  wrong  in  the  king- 
dom of  the  Rose. 

The  mortality  nearly  always  concerns 
a  large  proportion  of  new  bushes  oi 
standards  that  were  planted  last  year, 
and  when  these  standards  cost  as  much 
as  7s  6d.  each  and  the  dwarfs  were 
proportionately  high-priced,  the  seri- 
ousness of  the  state  of  things  is  in- 
creased. On  investigation  it  is  usually 
found  that  these  unsatisfactory  Roses 
were  grown  in  Holland.  Bona  fide 
British  budded  and  grown  Roses  rarely 
suffer  from  this  fatal  complaint.  This 
tendency  of  Dutch  Roses  to  die  off 
soon  after  arrival  has  long  been  known 
to  our  growers,  but  as  the  greater  pro- 
portion of  this  Continental  stock  went 
to  America  in  former  years  it  did  not 
much  matter.  Now  that  the  gates  of 
the  United  States  are  closed  to  such 
types  of  horticultural  produce  and 
there  was  an  unavoidable  shortage  of 
Roses  in  this  country  many  of  us  were 
tempted  to  plant  up  our  Rose  beds 
and  borders  with  Dutch  Roses  rather 
than  none,  and  are  paying  the  penalty. 
Personally,  I  have  no  excuse.  I  knew 
better,  or  rather  knew  the  risk  I  was 
running  ;  but  I  wanted  Roses  for  this 
year  and  felt  1  could  not  wait.  I  am 
still  wanting  Roses,  for  the  majority  of 
the  standards  are  dead  and  the  dwarfs 
are  mostly  breaking  only  at  the  ground 
line. 

Why  They  Die.— Many  reasons  have 
been  advanced  in  explanation  of  this 
unfortunate  trick  of  the  Dutch  Roses. 
The  soil,  an  unsuitable  stock  and  the 
low-lying  position  of  the  nurseries 
have  all  been  carefully  considered. 
Regarding  the  stock  many  aver  that 
the  increased  use  of  Rosa  rugosa  is  all 
wrong  and  responsible,  but  of  my  dear 
dead  standards  most  were  on  Briar. 
An  authoritative  statement,  and  to  me  the  most 
feasible,  from  Holland,  attributes  this  dying  off 
to  the  fact  that  the  Roses  are  lifted  and  shipped 
too  early  in  the  autumn.  The  lifting  is  done 
before  the  growths  are  properly  ripened,  and  in 
the  course  of  packing  flower-buds  and  green  leaves 
are  pulled  off.  This  being  so.  small  wonder  that 
so  many  of  the  Roses  die.  The  wonder  is  that 
any  live.  Be  all  this  as  it  may,  two  things  are 
pretty  certain.  One,  that  it  will  be  a  long  day 
before  we  who  planted  Dutch  Roses  last  year 
win  be  tempted  to  repeat  the  experiment,  and 
the  other  is  that  most  of  our  own  Rose  growers 
will  be  able  to  meet  all  demands  with  standards 
and  dwarfs  of  their  own  growing,  which  may  be 
relied  upon  to  live  and  satisfy  us. 


Roses  Cannot  Live  Always.— The  present 
unsatisfactory  condition  of  established  Roses  is 
what  we  may  term  a  home  matter,  and  in  a  number 
of  cases  may  justly  be  ascribed  to  our  old  friend 
c'esl  la  guerre  or  should  it  not  be  our  still  older 
familiar  anno  domini  ?  We  are  all  too  prone  to 
forget  several  truisms  that  should  be  obvious. 
The  garden  Rose  is  not,  in  the  general  sense,  a 
tree  or  a  shrub  ;    unlike  a  seedling,  it  is  not  a  true 


BRITISH     GROWN — BRITISH     VIGOUR  ! 

entity  ;  all  living  things  are  mortal.  When  the 
method  of  increase  in  Roses  is  considered,  the 
truth  of  the  first  two  axioms  is  readily  apparent. 
The  great  majority  of  our  garden  Roses  are  the 
result  of  buds  being  implanted  on  some  part  of 
another  Rose,  so  that  they  are  merely  branches 
having  no  direct  connection  with  the  soil  and, 
in  view  of  nurseryman's  need,  they  are  not  first- 
hand branches,  but  of  the  «th  degree.  If  we 
suppose  that  the  nurseryman  propagates  only 
two  hundred  of  a  variety — a  low  estimate,  of 
course — -and  the  raiser  begins  with  only  one, 
we  realise  how  far  the  last  batch  of  plants  are 
from  the  condition  of  seedlings.  They  "  are  a 
good  age  when  they  are  born,"  as  one  might  say. 
All  this  being  as  it  is,  we  must  reconcile  ourselves 


to  the  inevitable — -that  the  life  of  a  Rose  in  our 
gardens  is  bound  to  be  shorter  than,  under  similar 
conditions,  that  of  a  seedling  shrub  or  even  one 
raised  as  a  cutting 

For  nearly  a  decade  we  have  not  renewed  our 
Roses  with  the  same  frequency  as  before,  so  that 
it  is  small  wonder  to  find  them  become,  through 
age,  less  vigorous  after  having  been  pruned  than 
of  old.  This  annual  severe  pruning,  to  say  nothing 
of  the  frequent  cutting  of  flowers  with  long  stems 
is  a  great  strain  on  the  recuperative  powers  of  any 
plant  In  the  matter  of  pruning  we  are  .harder 
on  our  Roses  than  probably  any  other  subjects 
of  the  garden 

The  Way  of  a  Rose  Is  Hard. — Nor  is  this  all 
During  the  past  few  years  we  have  "  had  no 
winters,"  Roses,  particularly,  have  been  growing 
all  the  year  round  without  proper  rest,  and  when 
the  season  arrived  at  which  we  hoped 
for  vigorous  growth  capped  with  glori- 
ous bloom,  they  have  been  unable  to 
respond  to  the  call  of  spring.  These 
are  the  combinations  of  circumstances 
which  have  contributed  in  no  small 
degree  to  the  unsatisfactory  condition 
of  the  Roses  in  many  gardens.  But  it 
is  often  easier  to  correctly  diagnose 
the  complaint  and  to  review  contribu- 
tory causes  than  to  prescribe  effective 
remedies 

The  dead  are,  unfortunately,  beyond 
all  remedial  measures  and,  with  these, 
it  simply  remains  to  grub  them  out 
and  replace  them  next  autumn.  The 
great  Regent's  Park  Rose  Show  next 
week  will  provide  an  excellent  oppor- 
tunity for  selecting  and  ordering  new 
Roses.  With  regard  to  tlie  Roses  of 
which  whole  shoots  are  dead,  there 
are  two  courses  open — the  compassion- 
ate and  the  drastic.  If  they  are  old 
bushes  and  more  than  a  third  of  the 
branches  are  dead  or  dying  any  treat- 
ment that  entails  appreciable  time 
and  expense  would  be  unprofitable. 
One  should  harden  one's  heart  and 
decide  to  replace  them  later  in  the 
year.  Many  of  the  others  will  no  doubt 
respond  to  a  littlecoddling  and  nursing. 
The  best  cultivation  possible  should 
be  the  order.  Hoeing  should  be  a 
frequent  operation.  Watering  is  an  in- 
dividual matter.  Lately  water  has 
been  greatly  needed  by  all  plants,  but 
with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  water 
difficulties  in  many  a  country  garden  I 
refrain  from  saying  any  plant  must  be 
watered.  Hoeing  and  mulching  will  do 
wonders  as  substitutes  for  watering  if 
intelligently  carried  out.  But  towards 
the  end  of  these  hot  days  spraying 
with  clear  water  any  delicate  or  back- 
ward plant  is  to  be  recommended. 
A  mulching  of  farmyard  manure 
would  be  beneficial,  but  it  should  not  be  of  the 
usual  country  pie-crust  order,  so  heavy  and  stodgy 
that  it  excludes  all  air  and  sun-heat ;  such  mulch- 
ings do  much  more  harm  than  good.  The  ideal 
mulching  for  weakly  Roses  should  be  sufficiently 
dense  to  moderate  the  sun-heat,  yet  not  to  alto- 
gether exclude  it,  and  it  should  be  of  medium 
manurial  ricliness.  In  the  absence  of  a  farmyard 
mulch  a  variety  of  substances  can  be  employed, 
and  the  stimulant,  if  needed,  provided  by  chemical 
manures.  If  the  Roses  received  tlie  usual  dressing 
last  autumn  or  spring  it  would  be  advisable  to 
give  only  a  very  light  stimulant  at  the  present 
time.  All  of  the  best  known  proprietary  chemical 
manures  are  good  and  should  be  applied  according 
to  the  makers'   directions  ;    or  if  it  is  wished  to 


June  25,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


31' 


mix  a  stimulant  at  home,  2lb.  of  sulphate  of 
ammonia  and  61b.  of  superphosphate  well  mixed 
together  and  spread  evenly  over  each  square  rod 
will  be  beneficial.  But  none  of  these  fertilisers 
should  be  applied  while  the  soil  is  very  dry.  To 
derive  full  value  from  them  the  soil  should  be 
moderately  moist  when  the  mixture  is  applied 
and,  unless  rains  are  expected,  another  watering 
should  be  given. 

To  Make  Them  Rest. — -The  climate  is  beyond 
our  control,  and  we  have  to  take  it  as  we  find  it ; 
but  the  thoughtful  cultivator  will  adapt  his 
methods  to  meet  the  changed  conditions,  and  he 
will  adopt  such  as  will  be  harmless  should  there 
be  a  return  to  the  severe  old-fashioned  winters. 


The  way  seems  to  be  to  endeavour  to  induce  our 
garden  Roses — particularly  the  beautiful  Hybrid 
Teas,  for  it  is  these  that  most  require'it — to  take  a 
fair  meed  of  rest  during  the  winter  months.  To 
arrive  at  this  desired  state  no  stimulating  manure 
should  be  applied  later  than  August.  If  towards 
the  end  of  September  the  Roses  are  soft  in  their 
wood  and  do  not  show  the  well  known  signs  of 
ripening  their  shoots,  an  application  of  phosphate 
will  do  a  deal  to  remedy  this.  The  precise  amount 
is  a  matter  for  individual  consideration,  and 
should  be  regulated  by  the  nature  of  the  soil 
and  its  previous  treatment,  but  as  an  average 
amount  40ZS.  of  superphosphate  to  each  square 
vard  win  be  found  suitable.     A.  Cecil  Bartlett. 


THE  FLY  THAT  DRIVES  US  TO  DISTRACTION 


TH  E  question  of  the  day  in  gardening 
circles  is  not  "  Where  do  the  flies  go  in 
the  wintertime  ?  "  but  "  Where  do  the 
flies  come  from  in  the  summer  ?  " — 
those  flies  of  course  that  swarm  in 
myriads  on  our  best  trained  Pear  and  Plum  trees, 
and  that  curl  up  the  foliage  of  our  young  pyramid 
Apple  trees,  that  until  a  week  or  so  ago  looked  so 
healthy  and  promising.  There  are  flies  that  are 
green,  others  that  are  black,  some  are  red,  and 
some  purple,  some  are  minute  and  apparently 
motionless,  while  others  are  of  quite  considerable 
size,  possessed  of  wings,  and  are  very  restless  and 
far  too  industrious. 

The  entomologist  christens  each  with  a  dis- 
tinctive scientific  name,  but  whether  our  particular 
unbidden  and  unwelcome  guest  be  correctly  called 
Aphis  sorbi,  or  Aphis  pomi,  or  Aphis  pruni,  we  ^hall 
still  maintain  that  it  is  as  correctly  described  a 
wretched  pest,  and  though  we  have  known 
"  blighty  "  seasons  often  before,  it  seems  to  most  of 
us  that  there  never  were  so  many  flies  in  our  trees 
as  this  year. 

As  to  where  they  come  from,  well,  I  have 
explained  in  these  pages  in  previous  articles  that 
the  first  batch  of  the  season  hatch  out  from  eggs 
laid  in  the  joints  and  crevices  of  the  bark  by  the 
last  generation  of  females  in  the  previous  autumn. 
It  is  only  that  last  batch  of  females  that  are  ovi- 
parous (egg-laying),  and  the  first  batch  of  spring, 
and  from  then  till  the  following  autumn  the 
females  are  viviparous — producing  live  progeny. 
It  is  computed  that  one  female  Aphis  may  be 
the  parent  of  five  generations  in  a  season,  and 
that  her  descendants  may  number  as  many  as 
six  millions  in  one  year.  No  wonder,  then,  that 
after  several  rainless  weeks,  constituting  favourable 
conditions  for  all  varieties  of  aphides,  we  find  the 
flies  on  our  trees  as  numberless  as  the  sands  upon  the 
sea  shore. 

But  gardening  would  not  be  half  the  pleasure- 
giving  occupation  it  is  if  there  were  no  difficulties 
and  drawbacks  to  combat,  for  we  should  not 
feel  those  thrills  of  pride  and  satisfaction  as  we 
contemplate  successful  results  of  our  cultural 
prowess  if  all  our  plants  were  able  to  attain  per- 
fection without  the  aid  of  our  skill  and  tender 
care.  After  all,  it  is  not  such  a  difficult  matter  to 
kill  green  fly  or  its  variously  coloured  kinsfolk. 
The  purpose  of  this  article  is  to  deal  with  the  pests 
of  fruit  trees,  but  the  remarks  may  equally  apply 
to  Rose  aphis,  and  those  that  infest  the  various 
plants  in  our  herbaceous  borders. 

The  best  time  to  commence  spraying  is  before 
the  trees  become  badly  infested,  but  when  the  fly 
has  come,  the  worst  thing  to  do  is  to  put  off  spray- 
ing until  to-morrow. 

Spray  at  once,  as  often  as  possible,  and  continue 
to  spray  until  the   trees    are  perfectly  clean.     It 


is  worth  it,  because  the  harmful  and  weakening 
effects  of  the  incessant  sap-sucking  of  millions  of 
aphides  are  so  great  that  it  is  not  worth  while 
growing  fruit  trees  if  they  cannot  be  freed  from 
aphis. 

As  to  effective  sprays,  there  is  no  lack  of  them. 
Years  ago  we  relied  upon  soft  soap  and  quassia,  or 
upon  soap  and  paraffin.  The  former  is  good  enough 
as  a  deterrent,  but  its  actual  killing  power  is  not 
great.  Paraffin  will  kill,  but  crude  home-made 
mixtures  are  unsatisfactory.  It  is  difficult  to  get 
paraffin  such  as  is  used  in  the  household  perfectly 
emulsified,  and  without  a  perfect  solution  there  is 
danger  of  damaging  the  tender  points  of  the  young 
growths.  If  one  wishes  to  use  a  paraffin  wash,  it  is 
best  to  purchase  a  proprietary  mixture  that  is  a 
preparation  put  up  by  people  who  have  facilities  for 
securing  satisfactory  solubility  and  uniform 
strength. 

Personally,  when  spraying,  I  would  prefer  to 
take  pains  to  get  the  most  powerful  fluid,  having 
due  regard  to  safety,  and  I  am  convinced  that  the 
greatest  power  is  to  be  found  in  sprays  that  contain 
nicotine.  This  and  any  other  poisonous  compound 
cannot,  of  course,  be  used  where  fruit  is  nearly 
ready  for  gathering,  but  all  trees  should  be  freed 
from  aphis  long  before  the  fruit  arrives  at  an 
eatable  stage. 

There  is  one  point  I  wish  to  mention,  and  it  is 
one  that  is  seldom  noticed,  even  in  manufacturers' 
directions  for  use  of  their  insecticides.  I  always 
believe  in  mixing  ray  wash  the  day  before  I  apply 
it.  That  is,  I  am  prepared  to  maintain  the  secret 
of  successful  results  as  compared  with  frequent 
failures.  I  do  not  mind  how  good  an  insecticide 
may  be,  it  cannot  be  so  rapidly  soluble  that  its 
full  power  permeates  a  body  of  water  of  several 
gallons  in  the  space  of  a  few  moments.  I  have 
often  recommended  the  use  of  sprays  that  I  know 
to  be  excellent  and  powerful,  but  have  been  told 
after  their  use  that  they  have  failed  in  their  work. 
I  have  then  mixed  a  few  gallons,  allowed  the 
mixture  to  stand  twenty-four  hours  before  use,  and 
the  spray  has  accomplished  ail  that  was  expected 
of  it. 

Use  a  good  machine,  with  a  fine  spray  nozzle. 
Remember  that  theifiner  the  spray  the  more  evenly 
and  thoroughly  the  surface  of  the  leaf  will  be 
covered.  It  is  not  necessary  to  drive  such  a  volume 
of  liquid  on  a  leaf  that  much  of  it  runs  off  and  is 
wasted,  for  far  better  results  are  secured  by  convey- 
ing a  mist  like  spray  that  will  lightly  rest  on  the 
foliage  and  stay  where  it  falls.  At  this  time  of 
year  a  still  afternoon  or  evening  is  the  best  time 
to  spray,  and,  of  course,  it  would  be  folly  to  waste 
chemicals  just  when  it  is  evident  that  rain  is  about 
to  fall.  Whenever  possible,  let  a  second  sprayuig 
follow  within  three  days  of  the  first. 

A.  J.  Macsei.f. 


PRUNING  FLOWERING  SHRUBS 

WHEN  it  is  necessary  to  prune 
spring  and  early  summer-flowering 
shrubs  the  pruning  should  be 
done  soon  after  blooming.  This 
encourages  the  growth  of  vigorous 
young  shoots  on  which  next  season's  flowers  are 
borne.  The  best  time  to  prune  largely  depends 
on  the  time  of  flowering.  In  a  broad  sense 
shrubs  which  develop  their  blooms  in  spring 
and  early  summer  should  be  attended  to  soon 
after  flowering,  whUe  the  pruning  of  late  summer 
and  autunui-flowering  shrubs  is  best  done  in  Feb- 
ruary and  March.     The  three  main  objects  are  : 

(i)  To  encourage  the  development  of  vigorous 
young  shoots. 

(2)  The  thinning  of  the  growth,  removing  as 
much  old  wood  as  possible  in  order  to  allow  the 
sun  and  air  to  ripen  the  new  shoots. 

(.5)  The  training  of  each  bush  into  a  good  shape 
to  fill  to  the  best  advantage  the  allotted  space. 
Some  of  our  most  beautiful  flowering  shrubs 
need  little  or  no  pruning.  They  appear  to  resent 
the  use  of  the  knife,  which  may  easily  spoil  their 
beauty.  The  Magnolia  may  be  cited  as  the  best 
example  of  a  shrub  which  it  is  desirable  not  to  prune. 
With  most  flowering  evergreens  no  definite  line 
of  pruning  can  be  followed.  It  is  usually  only 
necessary  to  keep  the  bushes  shapely.  When  they 
become  too  large  for  their  positions  or  lanky  in 
growth  hard  pruning,  just  as  growth  commences 
after  flowering,  is  desirable.  This  treatment  with 
a  Rhododendron,  for  example,  means  the  sacrifice 
of  a  season's  flowers,  but  it  pays  in  the  long  run. 
Shrubs  to  Prune  as  Soon  as  the  Flowers  Fade. 

— Berberii  stenophylla :  This  evergreen  Hybrid 
BarbeiTy  only  requires  pruning  when  the  bushes 
grow  too  large.  Ceanothuses :  Those  which 
flower  in  spring  are  evergreen  and  mostly  grown 
on  walls,  spur  back  the  growths  which  have 
flowered  to  keep  the  plants  shapely.  Clematis 
montana  and  var.  rubens  :  Remove  old  flowering 
growths  back  to  where  new  shoots  are  pushing. 
Cydonias  :  Prune  on  walls  and  trim  bushes  growing 
in  the  open  to  keep  shapely.  Deutzias  :  Cut  out 
an  occasional  old  growth  down  to  the  base  and 
remove  shoots  which  have  flowered  that  are  making 
little  or  no  new  growths.  DiervUlas :  Remove 
several  of  the  oldest  growths,  cutting  to  the  ground 
to  thin  bushes,  and  tip  back  others  to  vigorous 
young  shoots.  Forsythias,  the  climbing  loose- 
growing  form  of  F.  suspensa  (Sieboldi),  should 
be  pruned  hard  (spurred)  ;  F.intermediaspectabilis 
only  requires  moderate  pruning.  Jasminum 
nuchflorum  flowers  best  when  pruned  hard  back 
to  within  a  few  inches  of  the  old  wood.  Kerri.i 
japonica  fl.-pl  (the  double-flowered  Jew's  Mallow), 
should  have  the  oldest  stems  cut  out  to  the  base 
and  the  shorter  flowering  pieces  nipped  back  to 
vigorous  new  shoots.  Philadelphus  (the  Mock 
Oranges)  should  be  liberally  thinned,  removing 
flowering  shoots.  The  dwarf- growing  P.  Lemoinei 
erectus  gives  good  results  when  the  old  stems  are 
cut  to  the  ground  as  soon  as  the  flowers  fade. 
Vigorous  sucker-like  growths  then  push  up  to  take 
their  place.  Prunus  japonica  fl.-pl.  (pink  and 
white)  and  P.  triloba  fl-pl.  should  have  the 
flowermg  shoots  spurred  back  to  within  lin.  or 
2ins.  of  the  old  wood.  Ribes  sanguinea  (the 
Flowering  Currants)  do  not  need  pruning,  but  are 
improved  by  thinning  and  trimming  the  shoots. 
SjTinga  vulgaris  varieties  and  the  named  varieties 
of  Lilacs  should  have  all  the  old  flowers  removed 
and  the  young  growths  thinned.  Spirceas :  The 
spring-flowering  species  and  varieties  are  improved 
by  thinning,  those  respondmg  to  the  most  liberal 
cutting  bemg  S.  Van  Houttei  and  S.  prunifolia 
fl.-pl.  Wistaria :  To  keep  this  beautiful  climber 
in  the  best  condition  the  long  young  shoots,  unloss 


318 


THE     GARDEN. 


fJUNE  25,   1921. 


required     for     extension,     should     be     shortened 

(spurred  back)  several  times  during  the  summer. 

Examples  of  Flowering  Shrubs  that   should 

not  be  pruned   till  February    and    March. — 

Bignonia  radicans  and  B.  grandiflora,  Buddleia 
variabilis  and  varieties,  Colutea  arborescens,  Cary- 
opteris  Mastacanthus.Ceanothus  Gloire  de  Versailles 
and    other    named      sorts,     Clematis     Jackmani 


and  late-flowering  varieties,  Cytisus  nigricans. 
Fuchsia  Riccartoni,  F.  corallina,  F.  macrostemma, 
etc.  ;  Hydrangea  paniculata  and  var.  grandiflora, 
Hypericums,  Indigofera  Gerardiana,  Pyracantha 
coccinea  and  Lelandii,  Spartium  junceum.  Spiraeas 
Anthony  Waterer,  Lindleyana  and  other  summer 
and  autumn  flowering  species  and  varieties 
and  Tamarix  pentandra  (hispida  aestivalis).     A.  O. 


OUTDOOR  TOMATOES  and  THEIR  SUMMER  TREATMENT 


FORTY  years  ago,  or  perhaps  longer, 
the  Tomato  was  looked  upon  more  or 
less  as  a  harmless  curiosity.  A  few  were 
grown  in  pots  under  glass  in  most 
gardens  for  the  decoration  of  the 
conservatory,  under  the  name  of  the  "  American 
Love  Apple."  Gradually  its  value  became  appre- 
ciated, in  the  first  instance,  as  a  salad  plant, 
and  later  its  fine  qualities  for  general  use  asserted 
themselves.  To-day  the  Tomato  is  grown  on 
commercial  lines,  under  glass  and  outdoors,  in 
this  country  to  the  extent  of  hundreds,  if  not 
thousands,  of  tons — to  say  nothing  of  those 
grown  privately. 

The  requirements  of  the  Tomato  outdoors  are 
simple  and  few.  The  following  are  the  points 
we  have  chiefly  to  consider  :  The  border  in  which 
it  is  to  be  grown,  its  position,  the  quality  and 
nature  of  the  soil  and  its  preparation,  or  whether 
to  grow  in  pots,  boxes  or  tubs.  The  sorts,  their 
condition,  and  time  to  plant.  The  act  of  planting  ; 
how  best  to  carry  out.  After-culture  during 
summer. 

We  must  first  remember  that  we  have  only 
about  three  and  a  half  or  four  short  months  at 
our  disposal  for  growth,  say,  from  the  end  of 
May  until  the  middle  or  end  of  September.  Within 
this  time  the  plant  has  to  complete  its  growth, 
bear  its  flowers,  form  its  fruits  and  develop  and 
ripen  them.  This  means,  if  we  are  to  make  the 
best  of  the  crop,  that  intensive  culture  must  be 
adopted  from  the  first.  The  best  position  for 
growth  outdoors  is  a  border  at  the  foot  of  a  warm 
south  wall.  In  this  position  as  good  fruit  and  as 
heavy  a  crop  can  be  grown  as  under  glass. 

Borders  in  the  Open,  whether  in  field  or 
garden,  should,  if  possible,  be  sheltered  from 
north  and  east  winds.  A  south  aspect  should 
be  selected,  but  in  our  warmer  counties  and  on 
light,  fairly  rich  soil  a  south-west  or  even  a  western 
aspect  will  do. 

The  Soil  of  the  Border.— A  soil  that  wUl  grow 
Potatoes  will  suit  Tomatoes  admirably.  Ordinary 
garden  soil  with  a  good  depth  of  mould,  on  the 
light  side  as  to  texture,  with  a  liberal  addition  of 
short  stable  or  farmyard  manure  added,  and  a 
generous  scattering  of  lime  on  the  surface  of  the 
soil  after  digging,  will  afford  an  excellent  medium 
for  growth. 

Plants  to  Use. — iluch,  very  much,  depends 
on  the  strength  and  condition  of  the  plants  at 
the  time  of  planting.  If  they  are  small,  weak 
and  drawn  in  consequence  of  having  been  subjected 
to  too  much  heat,  a  month  of  valuable  time  will 
be  lost  in  the  recuperation  of  the  plants.  The 
plants  should  be  a  foot  high,  sturdy  and  strong, 
already  showing  flower,  and  even  a  fruit  set  here 
and  there.  Such  plants,  set  with  care  and  in  the 
•right  medium,  will  at  once  start  away  into  healthy 
and  fertile  growth,  and  are  sure  to  give  an  excellent 
account  of  themselves,  and  that  in  good  time. 
There  are  innumerable  varieties  to  select  from, 
and  all  practically  good.  If  plants  are  obtainable 
of  Sutton's  Earliest  of  All  I  should  prefer  this 
Th»  great  desiradatum,  however,  is  to  obtain 
strong  sturdy  specimens  to  plant  out.  It  is  now 
too  late  to  sow  seeds. 


The  Act  of  Planting.^Give  a  little  time  to 
this  work.  Do  not  be  in  a  hurry  over  it  as  I 
fear  is  usually  the  case.  See  that  the  soil  they 
are  planted  in  is  not  rough  and  lumpy,  but  care- 
fully pulverised  and  prepared  for  the  roots  to 
dig  into  the  same  at  once.  Let  the  ball  of  roots 
be  planted  4ins.  deeper  than  they  were  before, 
and  see  that  the  soil  is  carefully  pressed  round 
the  roots.  Planted  thus  deep,  the  plant  will 
emit  new  roots  from  its  stem,  thus  adding  con- 
siderably to  its  strength  of  growth.  Give  a  good 
soaking  of  water  immediately  planting  is  finished. 
The  rows  should  be  i6ins.  distant,  the  plants  in 
the  row  ijins.  apart. 

Planting    in    Pots,    Boxes   or    Tubs.— Good 

results  are  obtained  from  this  manner  of  planting. 
It  appeals  especially  to  residents  in  town  and 
suburban  gardens,  where  garden  space  is  limited. 
Pots,  bo.xes  or  tubs  may  be  placed  on  walks  or 
odd  warm  corners  round  the  house.  They  can 
be  shifted  from  place  to  place  if  desired,  but  the 
plants  must  be  in  the  sunshine.  Soil  of  the  same 
nature  wiU  do  for  these,  but  it  will  be  improved 
if  a  little  maiden  loam  be  added  to  it  Let  the 
pots  or  boxes  be  carefully  drained,  but  do  not 
over-drain  by  placing  too  many  crocks  at  bottom- 
One  large  potsherd  over  the  hole,  and  two  or  three 
smaller  ones  over  that,  will  be  sufficient.  Cover 
the  crocks  over  with  a  thin  layer  of  partly  decayed 
leaves,  or  the  rougher  part  of  the  soil,  to  prevent 
the  drainage  being  clogged  by  the  finer  soU  drifting 
into  it.  Half  fill  the  pots  (or  whatever  receptacle 
is  used)  with  sufficient  depth  of  soil  to  cover 
the  roots,  adding  more  soil  as  the  first  part  becomes 
fiUed  with  roots,  until  the  stems  have  been  buried 
to  the  depth  of  4ins.,  pressing  the  soil  down 
firmly.  New  roots  will  issue  from  the  stems 
into  the  added  soU.  A  lain,  pot  will  accom- 
modate two  plants  (planting  them  at  the  side  of 
the  pot).  Boxes  or  tubs  should  be  at  least  lains. 
deep,  and  one  I2ins.  square  wUl  hold  two  plants, 
and  larger  ones  accordingly. 

Time  of  Planting. — This  wUl  vary  according 
to  the  district,  whether  cold  or  warm.  In  the 
latter  the  end  of  May  or  early  in  June  when  fear 
of  hard  frost  is  past ;  in  colder  districts  it  is  safer 
to  defer  the  planting  for  ten  days  or  a  fortnight. 

Summer  Culture.^ — Stake  the  plants  securely, 
and  give  a  good  soaking  of  water  immediately 
after  planting.  See  that  the  plants  are  well 
watered  the  night  before  planting  :  give  another 
good  soaking  within  a  week  afterwards  In  the 
case  of  border  plants,  mulch  the  ground  over 
as  far  as  the  roots  extend  (which  is  not  far)  with 
weU  rotted  manure,  say,  ^ins.  deep  This  wUl 
not  only  keep  the  soU  moist  for  a  long  time,  but 
wiU  feed  the  top  roots  as  well  by  encouraging 
them  to  root  into  it.  Water  occasionally  after- 
wards in  dry.  hot  weather. 

The  Main  Stem  and  its  Side  Shoots. — You 

will  find  that  during  the  season  of  growth  side 
shoots  wUl  issue  from  the  main  stem.  Each  of 
these  side  shoots  should  be  rubbed  off  with  the 
finger  and  thumb  as  soon  as  they  are  formed 
The  main  stem  must  not  be  shortened  untU 
four  or  five  bunches  of  fruit  have  been  formed. 
Then  the  top  should  be  cut  off,  as  the  plant  cannot 


develop  and  ripen  more  than  this  number 
outdoors.  The  same  remarks  apply  to  plants 
in  pots.  These,  of  course,  will  require  greater 
care  in  watering  and  a  more  frequent  application, 
especiaUy  when  bearing  heavy  crops  of  fruit, 
sometimes  twice  a  day  in  hot  weather,  using 
liquid  manure  at  every  other  watering.  Peruvian 
guano  is  excellent  to  make  this  with,  adding  a 
moderate  handful  to  three  gaUons  of  water,  well 
dissolving  the  same.  Soot,  as  a  change,  is  exceUent 
applied  in  the  same  way. 

Worms  In  the  Soil.— Should  these  prove 
troublesome  as  they  frequently  do,  slake  a  gallon 
of  lime  in  five  gaUons  of  water,  letting  the  same 
stand  for  twelve  hours,  and  water  with  the  clear 
water  only. 

Fertilising  the  Blossom. — Few  care  to  take 
the  trouble  to  do  this  in  the  case  of  plants  growing 
outdoors,  but  it  pays  weU  for  doing,  however. 
It  is  the  means  of  increasing  the  crop  very 
considerably.  To  do  this  get  a  rabbit's  tail  and 
draw  its  soft  side  over  the  anthers  of  the  flowers 
when  the  pollen  is  dry  and  ripe  and  afterwards  draw 
it  over  the  stigma  of  the  flower,  which  is  its  centre 
column  and  embryo  fruit.    Owen  Thom.\s,  V.M.H. 


Gold  -  Laced    Polyanthuses 

SEEDS  of  Gold-Laced  Polyantliuses  should 
be  sown  in  July  as  soon  as  they  ripen. 
On  no  account  should  they  be  dried  in 
the  sun  and  stored  away  until  spring. 
Should  seeds  be  procured  later  than  July, 
then  tliey  ought  to  be  sown  on  arrival.  Choice 
kinds  must  be  sown  in  pots  or  boxes  cither  in  a 
cold  frame  or  unhealed  greenhouse,  not  with  the 
idea  of  providing  additional  heat  above  that  of 
the  outside  air,  but  merely  to  provide  against 
accident  and  to  lessen  the  depredations  of  slugs, 
heavy  rains  and  cats.  Should  snails  or  slugs 
inhabit  a  frame,  they  may  aU  be  destroyed  in  a 
few  days  by  using  half  a  dozen  inverted  flow'cr- 
pots  as  traps.  In  case  neither  frame  nor  green- 
house is  available,  then  the  pots  containing  the 
seeds  may  be  placed  inside  larger  pots,  packing 
the  cavity  with  moss  or  leaf-mould  and  covering 
the  whole  with  a  sheet  of  glass.  The  receptacle 
may  then  be  placed  close  to  a  waU  or  building, 
taking  the  usual  precautions  to  prevent  the  entrance 
of  worms. 

The  writer  finds  that  the  main  point  requiring 
attention  is  to  provide  a  sufficient  supply  of 
moisture,  and  this  does  not  mean  that  water  may 
be  applied  by  means  of  a  fine-rosed  can.  On  the 
contrary,  the  surface  of  the  soil  must  not  be  beaten 
down  on  any  account.  The  old  generation  of 
florists  used  to  dip  a  clothes  brush  in  water,  drawing 
the  hand  smartly  over  the  bristles,  thus  causing 
the  moisture  to  fly  off  and  faU  on  the  seeds  like  a 
mist.  .\  spraying  syringe  such  as  is  used  for 
fungicides  is  a  first-class  tool  for  watering  seeds, 
and  it  may  be  used  several  times  daily.  The 
operator  stands  a  few  feet  away  from  the  seed 
pots  and  directs  the  spray  of  water,  like  a  cloud, 
into  the  air  above  the  receptacles.  The  writer 
never  immerses  in  water  vessels  of  any  kind 
containing  seeds  of  any  Primula  species  because 
he  believes  it  is  an  advantage  to  preserve  the 
aerated  condition  of  the  soil  as  long  as  possible. 
Provided  the  surface  soil  is  kept  moist  the  essential 
condition  is  being  observed. 

Young  plants  with  three  leaves  wiU  be  availalile 
during  .August  from  new  seed  sown  in  July,  and 
should  be  pricked  out  into  boxes  of  soil  just  moist 
(a  quill  toothpick  is  a  good  tool)  and  watered  by 
the  method  just  described.  These  young  plants 
wiU  make  rapid  progress  if  sprayed  twice  or  thrice 
daily  during  the  autumn,  and  they  may  remain 
in   cold   frames   until  spring,    when   they   must  bt 


June  25,  1921  ] 


THE     GARDEN. 


319 


planted  out  in  drills  running  east  and  west. 
A  sandy  loam  containing  leaf-mould  is  the 
best  compost  for  seed  raising,  and  a  sprinkling  of 
silver  sand  on  the  surface  makes  a  good  bed  on 
which  to  sow  the  seeds.  A  very  slight  dusting 
with  powdered  charcoal  completes  the  operation 
of  seed  sowing.  On  no  account  should  the  seeds 
be  buried  or  they  may  fail  to  germinate. 

These   remarks   are   intended    to   apply   to   the 
florists'    Gold-Laced    Polyanthus,    a    plant    whicli 


does  not  possess  the  vigour  of  the  ordinary  garden 
kinds.  Seeds  of  the  latter,  when  plentiful,  may 
be  sown  at  any  time  in  the  open  ground  in  drills 
3  inches  deep,  the  resulting  plants  being  transferred 
to  their  flowering  quarters  when  large  enough. 

Seedlings  of  Gold-Laced  Polyanthuses  require 
abundant  ventilation  at  all  times,  even  in  winter, 
and  water  sliould  not  be  withheld  after  the  middle 
of  January,  as  they  renew  growth  about  that 
time.  George  D.  A,  Hall. 


Garden    Notes    from  a   Western    Seaboard 

By    sir    HERBERT    M.\XWELL,    BART.,     F.R.S.,    V.M.H. 


THE    most   brilliant   herb   in   the   borders 
just  now  (June  9)  is  Hippeastrum  pratense, 
better  known  by  its  old  name  of  Habran- 
thus.    This  Chilian  bulb  is  not  appreciated 
by  amateurs  as  it  deserves  ;   at   least,  one 
does  not  often  see  it  in  gardens.     It  is  perfectly 
hardy  and  increases  satisfactorily  ;    a  stock  is  soon 
raised  from  offsets.    But  the  hue  of   its 
graceful  blossoms  is  so  flagrant — intense 
orange  scarlet  —  that    one    has    to    be 
careful  about  the  company  assigned  to  it. 
This  morning  I  marked  one  clump  for 
removal,  for  it  had  in  front  of  it  a  plant 
of  Geum  Borisii,  with  flowers  the  colour 
of  red  lead  ;   while  behind  it  was  a  bush 
of  Buddleia  globosa  loaded  with  orange 
balls.     All  three  are  choice  plants,  but 
between  them  they  set  up  an  insufferable 
discord.     Another  flower  that  must  not 
be  allowedto  clash  with  the  Hippeastrum 
is  the  red  variety  of  the  Pyrenean  Lily 
(Lilium    p^Tenaicum   rubrum)     whereof 
the  jaunty  Turk's  caps  are  painted  with 
the  same  hue  in   a  slightly  lower  key. 
Lily  experts  set  small  value  upon  this 
species  both  in  its  yellow  and  red  forms. 
Mr.  Grove  does  not  so  much  as  notice  the 
red  variety,  and,  after  remarking  that  the 
yellow  Turk's   cap   is   "  of   the   easiest 
culture,"   dismisses  it  as  being  "  not  a 
thing  of  beauty,"  producing  flowers  with 
"  a    peculiarly     objectionable     smell." 
Well,  tastes  differ.    1  suspect  that  if  this 
good-natured  plant  demanded  coaxing  as 
sedulously  as  L.  Leichtlini  or  Parryi,  it 
would  be  held  in  high  esteem.    .Admitting 
that  the  red  variety  has  neither  the  grac  e 
of  L.  pomponium  nor  the  intense  sealing- 
wax    red    of    L.    chalcedonicum,    it    is 
always  the  earliest  to  flower,  and  if  the 
odour  thereof  offends  fastidious  nostrils 
(my  own  olfactory  nerves  are  so  gross 
as  to  suffer  it  gladly),  plant  the  bulbs 
out  beside  woodland  paths,  where  it  will 
thrive  in  the  grass  as  comfortably  as  any  Daffodil. 
Another  vehement  note  is   struck   by   Papaver 
umbrosum,    a  brilliant   annual   which    ,ows   itself 
in  odd  corners,  and  sends  up  a  shower  of  blood  red 
cups  with  black  blotches  at  the  base  of  the  petals. 
.\s  it  does  not  exceed  iSms.  or  2ft.  in  height,  it  is 
not   so   dangerous    to   feebler   neighbours    as    the 
Oriental  Poppy,  which  sows  itself  with  equal  free- 
dom and  is  apt  to  smother  herbs  of  greater  rarity. 
The  prolonged  drought,  which  has  told  severely 
on  man^  species  of  Primula,  especially  P.  Bulleyana 
and  its  hybrids,  has  proved  that  the  beautiful  P. 
helodoxa  is  a  thoroughly  trustworthy  border  plant. 
Its  tiers  of  canary- coloured  blossom  form  a  charming 
contrast   with   the  sky-blue  spires  of  Meconopsi- 
latifolia,   which  spring  self-sown  in   a  nook  half 
shaded  from  the  sun. 

Several  species  of  Roscoea,  an  attractive  genus  of 
the  Ginger  family,  are  now  in  cultivation  in  this 


country,  but  are  not  so  often  grown  as  they  deserve 
to  be.  They  take  kindly  to  our  climate  in  deep  free 
soil,  and  require  special  attention  only  in  one  respect, 
namely,  marking  with  permanent  labels  to  protect 
them  from  disturbance  in  weeding  or  hoeing.  It 
is  so  late  in  the  season  before  they  show  above 
ground    that    without    this    precaution    they    are 


Arenaria  balearica  does,  with  the  health  or  very 
existence  of  other  herbs,  and  at  this  season  it  is 
closely  starred  with  miniature  monkey-flowers  of 
violet,  yellow  and  white.  I  recommend  it  con- 
fidently to  those  who  have  not  tried  it. 

A  mass  of  Lithospermum  graminifolium,  4ft. 
across,  is  now  sheeted  with  azure  blossom  This 
plant  abhors  lime  as  much  as  any  Rhododendron. 
Not  so  .Alyssum  spinosum,  whereof  a  dome  6ft. 
in  diameter,  rises  within  a  few  yards  of  the  Grom- 
well.     It  shows  in  the  twilight  like   a  snowdrift. 

Nearly  all  the  Rhododendrons,  except  late 
flowering  hybrids,  are  past.  Of  the  new  Chinese 
species,  R.  villosum  is  still  well  furnished  with 
rich  purple  crimson  blossoms,  in  shape  and  setting 
like  those  of  the  Sikkimese  R.  triflorum.  Mr. 
Millais.  in  his  great  work  on  the  genus,  dismisses 
R.  villosum  as  bearing  flowers  "  more  striking 
than  beautiful."  Probably  there  is  variety  in 
the  colouring  of  individual  plants  ;  certainly  those 
we  have  here  display  a  gorgeous  hue,  especially 
when  viewed  against  the  sun.  R.  crassum,  with 
fragrant  blooms  resembling  R.  Edgworthi,  and 
R.  pholidotum  with  those  like  R,  glancum,  will  be 


THE    PROLONGED    DROUGHT    HAS    TOLD    SEVERELY    ON    PRIMULA 
The  illustration  shows  it  in  full  glorv. 


BULLEYANA. 


pretty  sure  to  be  destroyed.  R.  purpurea,  w'hich 
has  been  longest  in  this  country,  does  not  flower 
till  mid- July,  and  not  a  sign  of  growth  was  visible 
above  ground  till  the  first  week  of  June.  The  sul- 
phur-coloured R.  cautlioides  and  the  rose-coloured 
R.  Hameana  poked  up  their  noses  only  ten  days 
ago,  and  are  now  in  full  bloom :  w'hereas  R. 
capitata,  which  withholds  its  rich  purple  blooms 
till  August,  has  not  yet  peeped  through  the  soil. 
.■\11  these  species  resemble  Salvia  in  the  mechanism 
for  securing  cross-fertilisation,  which  is  effected 
by  levers  projecting  from  the  bases  of  the  stamens. 
When  these  are  pressed  by  an  insect  on  its  passage 
to  the  rectary,  the  anthers  descend  and  discharge 
their  pollen.  Mimulus  ridicans,  a  native  of  New 
Zealand,  forms  an  ideal  carpet  for  flat  places  in 
the  rock  garden.  Covering  the  ground  closely  with 
little  spoon-shaped,  bronzy  leaves,  which  lie  flat 
on  the  soil,  it  does  not  interfere,  as  that  wretched 


in  tlovver  in  a  few  days.  The  showiest  shrub  at 
present  is  Olearia  nitida,  earliest  of  the  genus  to 
flower  e.xcept  O.  stellulata  or  Gunniana  ,T  never 
have  learnt  the  difference  between  these).  One 
bush  of  O.  nitida,  standing  in  a  woodland  glade  is 
7ft.  high  and  mantled  with  innumerable  snowy 
flowers.  The  shining  foliage  of  this  species  is  very 
gratifying  in  winter,  but  at  present  it  is  completely 
hidden  by  the  blossom. 

Having  mentioned  the  difiiculty  of  discriminating 
between  certain  species,  I  shall  be  grateful  to  an\ 
reader  who  will  explain  the  point  of  difference 
between  Incarvillea  Delavayi  and  I.  brevipcs. 
They  have  got  hopelessly  mixed  here.  I  can  detect 
no  distinguishing  features  in  the  blossom,  both 
grow  about  the  same  height,  but  some  have  leaves 
pinnate  along  their  whole  length,  others  have 
two  pairs  of  pinnae  and  a  broad,  nearly  orbicular 
terminal  lobe. 


320 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  25,  1921. 


A    SUMMER    PICTURE 


Example  of   the  right  proportioning  and  due  selection  of   the  materials   of  a  pergola,  and  also  of  its  happy  planting.       The 

Wistaria  is  followed  in  due  season  by  the  Rambler  Rose.       Where,  in  winter,  it  has  an  effect  of  light  and  openness,  there  is, 

in  summer,  the  shade  and  dark  enclosure  given  by  Vitis  Coignetite.     At  the  foot  of  the  pillars  blooms  the  pink  Hydrangea, 

that  tones  so  well  with  the  group  of  Lavender  bushes  in  the  foreground. 


June  25.  1921.]  THE     GARDEN.  321 

HARDY    GERANIUMS    FOR    THE    WILD    GARDEN, 
WOODLAND    AND    BORDER— II 


KNUTH'S  Section  xii,  Sylvatica,  contains 
the   best   of   the  Geraniums   for  border 
cultivation.    With    the    exception    of    a 
few  that  are  rather  too  lavish  with  their 
seedlings,  they  are  as  well  behaved  and 
reliable  as  a  plant  need  be.     It  is  something  in 
these  days  of  little  personal  leisinre  and  expensive 
hired  labour,  to  have  a  plant   that 
will  stay  where  you  put  it,  and  be 
generous  with  its  flowers   annually 
without  special  attention  for  a  score 
of  years.     At  the  head  of  this  list 
should  be  placed  G.  plat >'pet alum,  of 
Fischer   and   Meyer.      It   seems   to 
have  but  one  fault,  that  it  tries  to 
hurry  all  its  flowers  out   during  so 
short  a  period  that  it  can  only  keep 
up   the  supply  for   a  week   or  ten 
days.      What    a   glorious    mass    of 
purple  they  are  on   this   scorching 
June  morning,  larger  and  deeper  in 
colour  than  those  of  any  other  blue 
member  of  the  family  ! 

It  is  very  nearly  allied  to  G. 
ibericum  and  has  been  reckoned  as 
a  variety  of  it,  but  is  distinct 
enough  as  a  garden  plant  to  deserve 
a  name  of  its  own.  It  does  not 
spread  so  rapidly  as  G.  ibericum, 
but  forms  large,  shapely  clumps  and  , 
throws  up  all  its  flower  stems  well  in 
the  centre  of  the  circle  of  big  leaves, 
instead  of  here  and  there  and  at  all 
possible  angles  among  the  leafy 
shoots  as  G.  ibericum  is  inclined  to 
do.  The  intensity  of  colouring  is  pro- 
duced by  the  rich  crimson  of  the 
branching  veins  that  spread  over 
most  of  the  surface  of  its  blue- 
purple  petals. 

The  veins  of  Crane's-bill  flowers 
will  repay  careful  examination.  In 
fact,  most  flowers  are  worth  looking 
at  closely,  and  in  different  lights  and 
finally  under  a  magnifying  glass. 
There  is  much  more  in  flowers  than 
just  the  colour  effect  of  a  mass  in 
the  border,  or  cut  to  arrange  so 
that  they  tone  in  with  the  wall 
paper  and  hangings  of  one's 
drawing-room  or  the  candle  shades 
of  a  dinner  table. 

In  forms  of  G.  pralense  all 
the  veins  are  transparent,  clear 
as    glass,    and    in    some     Eastern 

forms    look  as   if   full   of    red   sap  

and,    when   held   up   to   the   light, 
glow    like    the    red    bottles    of    a 
chemist's  window.     G.  sanguineum 
has      only     the     three     principal 
veins   translucent,   its   var.  lancastriense    all    the 
main    veins,    but    the    branches    from    them    are 
opaque.     In  G.   platypetalum  the  pigment   is  so 
rich  a  crimson  in  the  veins  that  it  is  only  with  a 
strong    light    through    them    that    they    glow    in 
transparency,  and  then  it  is  that  of  an  amethyst 
or  rich  stained  glass,   and  the  smaller  veins   are 
opaque  enough  to  give  the  effect  of  the  leading 
of  an  old  window  with  plenty  of  lead  in  it. 

G.  pratense  is  about  the  worst  sinner  in  this 
section  for  sowing  itself  too  freely,  but  where 
there  is  a  good  range  of  varieties  among  their 
parents,  one  regrets  every  unflowered  babe  that 
has  to  find  its  way  into  the  weed  basket,  feeling 


there  goes  a  possible  award  of  merit  winner. 
A  good  many  of  mine  find  a  home  in  my  damp 
meadow  and  from  early  June  till  mid- July  give 
as  much  pleasure  as  any  flower  grouping  of  the 
season.  I  believe  the  deepest  coloured  forms 
are  of  Eastern  origin,  perhaps  Himalayan ;  they 
are  veined  or  flushed  with  crimson  on  a  rich  blue 


w^ 


V^ 


^P'*' 


/X 


GERANIUM      ACONITIFOLIUM. 
Flozcers  white  with  black  veins. 

ground,  so  that  they  are  not  far  short  of  G.  platy- 
petalum's  purple  effect 

The  pure  white  forms  mostly  have  fine  round 
flowers,  and  the  yellow  green  foliage  of  an  albino. 
They  are  out  and  away  the  best  thing  in  white 
Geraniums,  very  good  as  a  yard  wide  clump  in  the 
border,  or  bearing  no  more  than  three  flowering 
stems,  as  those  that  have  to  battle  with  our  coarse 
meadow  grass  have  achieved  as  their  best  effort. 
There  is  a  curious  form  that  has  long  been  known 
.as  var.  striatum,  and  for  the  most  part  bears 
flowers  striped  blue  and  white.  Not  infrequently, 
like  the  true  York  and  Lancaster  Rose,  it  bears 
flowers   either   all  blue  or  pure   white,    and   now 


and  then  one  that  "  has  ta'en  of  both,"   and    is 
equally  divided  half  blue  and  half  white. 

Rosy  pink  forms  are  very  charming,  and  seem 

to  be  improving  in  the  depth  of  rose  colour  year 

by   year   as    new   seedlings   flower.     Then    again 

there  are  endless  shades  of  pale  blue,  from  that 

of   skim-milk    to   soft,    opalescent    tints,    with    a 

touch  of  lilac  about  them.      These 

look  especially  well  in  half  shade  and 

among  some  of  the  pink  and  red 

species.      There    are   two   distinct 

shades  of  purple  with  double  flowers 

and  a  good  white  one,   and  all  are 

useful    as    they    flower    later  than 

the  single  ones. 

G.  sylvaticum  seeds  freely  too, 
and  it  is  wise  to  select  good  forms 
from  the  babes  and  send  the  smaller 
flowered  tj^ies  to  the  meadows.  An 
alpine  meadow  will  generally  supply 
a  plant  or  two  with  extra  large 
flowers  and  perhaps  a  telling  white 
eye  to  the  reddish-purple  flower. 
The  bluer  the  purple  and  the  larger 
the  white  eye,  the  more  effective  is 
G.  sylvaticum  in  the  garden,  but  any 
form  looks  well  among  the  meadow 
grasses.  There  is  a  fine  pure  white 
strain  that  comes  true  from  seed  and 
also  a  soft  pink  one,  and  both  of 
these  have  a  neater  habit  of  growth 
than  the  typical  form  and  are 
charming  planted  among  Ferns. 

G.  angulatum  is  reckoned  by 
Knuth  as  a  form  of  this  last  species, 
but  is  distinct  from  a  garden  point 
of  view  :  a  much  more  robust  plant, 
growing  a  foot  higher  than  any 
sylvaticum  and  producing  larger 
flowers  of  a  soft  salmon  pink, 
beautifully  veined  with  rose  colour. 
It  is  not  oftenseen  in  gardens,  but  is 
a  very  fine  plant  when  well  grown. 
G.  aoonitifolium,  often  called  G. 
rivale,  is  a  dainty  miniature  counter- 
part of  the  white  form  of  sylva 
ticum,  but  can  be  recognised  at  once 
by  the  delicate  tracing  of  black  veins 
on  its  white  petals.  Being  a  high 
alpine  species — I  brought  it  from  the 
side  of  the  road  on  the  top  of  the 
Mont  Cenis — it  prefers  a  cool  half 
shaded  position  in  this  dry  soil  and 
is  not  generous  as  to  increase,  so  it  is 
better  protected  from  pushing  neigh- 
bours. E.  A.  Bowles. 


FORTHCOMING    EVENTS. 

June    2S.  —  Horticultural    Show 
at   Derby   (four  days). 

June  29. — National  Rose  Society's  Great  Summer 
Show,  to  be  held  in  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Regent's 
Park. 

July  2. — Windsor,  Eton  and  District  Rose  and 
Horticultural  Society's  Annual  Exhibition,  to 
be  held  on  the  slopes  of  Windsor  Castle. 

July  4. — Nottingham  and  Notts  Chrysanthe- 
mum Society's  Meeting. 

July  5. — Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Holland 
House  Show,  to  be  held  at  Kensington  High  Street 
(three  days). 


322 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  25,  1921. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


A     NOVEL     WAY     OF     GROWING 
ASPARAGUS. 

TT   would  have  been  well   .1  think,   if  the  notes 
on  the  above  subject  by  Mr.  Joseph  Jacob  in 

the  issue  of  The  Garden  of  the  nth  instant,  had 
been  subjected  to  Mr.  Joseph  Mallender  for  revision 
before  being  published  (than  whom  no  one  is  better 
qualified  to  speak  on  the  question  of  the  culture  of 
vegetables,  including  the  growth  of  Asparagus). 
Your  correspondent  has  made  the  subject  of 
forming  .Asparagus  beds  a  peg  to  hang  many 
subjects  upon,  including  the  eating  of  a  shirt  and 
possibly  its  buttons  as  well ;  also  of  soaps,  some 
famous  beauty  uses  no  other,  and  so  on.  Mr. 
Jacob  naively  affirms  that  he  is  neither  a  vegetable 
grower  nor  a  chef ;  surely  such  a  disclaimer  was 
not  necessary.  Yet  on  the  strength  of  a  good 
tale  told  by  one  of  the  old  actors,  he  proceeds  to 
describe  to  your  readers  how  to  form  an  Asparagus 
bed  on  what  he  is  pleased  to  term  the  Mallender 
system.  In  the  first  place  I  am  sure  Mr.  Mallender 
would  not  claim  the  credit  of  being  the  first  gardener 
to  utilise  vegetable  refuse  as  a  manure  to  mix  with 
SDil  in  making  Asparagus  beds  ;  the  practice  in 
gardens  is  as  old  as  Adam.  He  would  also  be  the 
last  to  recommend  the  use,  in  preparing  the  bed,  of 
"  everything ;  in  fact,  hard  wooded  waste,  such 
as  the  prunings  of  fruit  trees."  It  is  stated  that 
the  essential  to  start  with  is  a  bit  of  ground,  the 
character  of  the  soil  not  specially  counting.  .411 
we  have  to  do  is  to  dig  a  pit,  say  gft.  long,  4ft. 
wide  and  2jft.  deep.  He  makes  no  provision  for 
the  drainage  of  such  a  pit,  which  surely  should  be  the 
first  essential.  Fancy  anyone  being  foolish  enough 
to  dig  a  pit  of  this  depth  in  clay  soil,  and  to  fill 
the  same  with  such  foul  matter  without  any  pre- 
vious preparation  or  provision  for  its  drainage. 
The  whole  would  soon  be  a  mass  of  putridity,  in 
which  nothing  could  live.  No  one  enjoys  the 
writing  of  Mr.  Jacob  in  The  Garden  more  than  I 
do  when  his  notes  are  confined  to  subjects  he  is 
familiar  with,  and  on  the  growth  of  which  he  is 
an  authority. — Practical. 

T  RE.''iD  the  Rev.  J.  Jacob's  article  anent  this 
with  particular  interest,  for  I  purpose  planting 
an  .Asparagus  bed  in  the  new  garden  of  Chaffinch 
Cottage  (now  being  carved  out  bit  by  bit  from  the 
meadow).  I  have  known  Mr.  Mallender's  plan  to 
be  used  with  sreat  success  in  making  a  sunk 
Vegetable  Marrow  bed  many  years  ago.  We 
prepare  the  ground  for  our  Runner  Beans  in 
similar  fashion,  taking  out  a  trench  and  burying 
the  garden  refuse  therein.  But,  to  return  to  my 
muttons.  I  rather  think  the  new  plan  I  am  going 
to  try  will  out-Mallender  Mr.  Mallender's.  It  is  as 
follows :  I  propose  making  an  enclosed  fowl  run. 
50ft.  by  12ft.,  from  now  till  next  spring,  turning 
over  the  turf  a  bit  at  a  time,  to  let  the  fowls  clear 
the  ground  of  wire  worms  and  grubs,  and  benefit 
the  soil  with  their  droppings  dug  in.  .\long  this 
strip  I  intend  making  two  4ft.  wide  beds,  with  a 
4ft.  space  between  them  for  "  winter  stuff." 
These  two  beds  are  to  form  a  backgi'ound  to  the 
"  Little  Formal  Garden  "  screening  off  the  kitchen 
plots.  I  know  of  few  prettier  things  in  a  garden 
from  July  to  November  than  an  .Asparagus  bed. 
Criticism  of  this  proposed  experiment  invited 
by  .^NNE   .\mateur. 

A    MENACE    TO    VICTORIA    PLUMS. 

■^OULD    you    kindly    assist  me,    through   your 

valuable  paper,   in  the  following  matter  ?     I 

have    a   fourteen  -  year  -  old   Victoria    Plum   tree 

which  his  taken  the  silver-leaf  disease.     Can  you 


give  the  reason  for  this  ?  It  has  had  the  best  of 
culture  with  plenty  of  lime.  I  have  noticed  when 
going  about  quite  a  number  of  trees  affected 
around  here  (Leicester).  I  consider  we  are  losing 
the  finest  general  Plum  we  have,  which  would  be 
a  great  loss  to  the  country.  Is  there  not  some 
means  of  preventing  this  ?  I  have  taken  off 
every  limb  that  has  shown  any  sign  of  the  disease 
and  shall  destroy  the  whole  tree  if  necessary. 
Does  the  disease  emanate  from  the  roots  ?  or  can 
I  regraft  it  with  some  other  variety  ?  If  not, 
what  do  you  suggest  as  the  next  best  Plum  to 
take  its  place  ?  Some  recommend  the  Pond's 
Seedling,  but  it  does  not  come  up  to  the  Victoria  ; 
or  possibly  the  Pershore  Plum  (Egg  Plum)  will 
serve.  What  do  your  numerous  readers  think  ? 
If  there  is  a  cure  will  some  one  kindly  suggest 
it  so  that  we  can  save  this  valuable  Plum. — 
E.  T.  Armstrong. 

[Silver-leaf  disease  is  spreading  rapidly  and  is 
very  disastrous  in  its  effects.  By  the  terms  of  the 
Silver-leaf  Order  issued  by  the  Ministry  of  Agri- 
culture growers  must  grub  up  and  burn  all  dead 
Plum  trees  and  cut  away  and  burn  all  dead 
wood  from  Plum  trees  before  April  i  of  each 
year  under  penalty  for  neglect.  Our  corre- 
spondent need  not  yet  go  to  the  length  of 
destroying  the  tree.  Where  one  or  two  branches 
only  are  affected  these  should  be  removed  and 
burnt.  We  believe  the  Ministry  of  ,4gi-iculturf 
holds  that  no  cure  is  at  present  known.  It  has, 
however,  been  recorded  in  these  pages  how  an 
Apple  tree  was  completely  cured  by  scattering 
crystals  of  sulphate  of  iron  in  a  trench  among  the 
roots  of  the  tree.  We  welcome  expressions  of 
opinion  from  readers.  It  will  be  instructive  to 
learn  from  the  experience  of  others  what  immune 
Plums  there  are,  if  any,  to  take  the  place  of  the 
disappearing   Victorias. — Ed.] 

YELLOW     CHINESE     RHODODENDRONS 

AND  RHODODENDRON    OCCIDENTALIS. 

VOU  express  a  hope  that  a  really  good  yellow 
Rhododendron  may  be  found  in  China. 
R.  lacteum  (Forrest)  is  generally  believed  to  be 
a  good  canary  yellow  Rhododendron  with  size 
and  quality.  It  must  not  be  confused  with  R. 
lacteum  (Franchet),  introduced  by  Abbe  Delavay, 
18S9,  now  known  as  R.  fictolacteum.  This  has 
white  bells  w-ith  a  crimson  blotch.  Mr.  Forrest's 
plant  is  well  distributed,  and  may  be  expected  to 
flower  before  very  long.  It  seems  quite  hardy. 
.4s  you  say,  R.  occidentalis  is  a  valuable  plant, 
and  largely  so  because  of  its  season  of  flowering  ; 
but  there  are  some  hybrids  from  it,  raised  at 
Knaphill,  with  large  pink  or  orange  and  white 
trusses  that  are  much  more  effective  plants  and 
flower  at  the  sam.e  time.  They  are  apt  to  lose 
their  flower-buds  in  a  very  hard  winter  in  an 
exposed  position,  but  I  have  often  seen  them 
very  good  in  Sussex  and  in  Cornwall.  Many 
years  later  Messrs.  Koster  also  distributed  some 
occidentalis  hybrids,  but  they  were  an  earlier 
fl.ow-ering  set  and  deeper  in  colour.  They  were 
sent  out  in  the  year  of  the  International  Show. — 
Insignis. 

SCENTLESS     MUSK. 

■JN  reply  to  your  note  on  Scentless  Musk  (see 
page  272)  I  would  like  to  say  I  potted  up 
some  Musk  plants  from  a  border  at  the  end  of  last 
summer  and  they  remained  in  an  old  greenhouse 
on  the  top  shelf  during  the  winter.  About  the 
middle  of  April  they  broke  into  leaf  and  at  the  encl 
of  May  were  in  full  bloom,  bearing  larger  flowers 
than    the    plants    that    remained    in    the    border. 


The  scent  is  delightful  and  reminds  me  of  the  old 
cottage  windows  at  Felsted,  Essex,  about  1862-64, 
where  I  was  at  school.  The  boys  patronised  the 
cottagers  in  those  days  and  liked  the  gingerbeer 
they  sold  ;  also  the  window  flowers,  generally 
consisting  of  two  Musk  plants  trained  to  light, 
white  wooden  ladders  with  steps  made  of  white 
cotton.  The  companion  plants  in  the  same  window 
were  generally  two  old-fashioned  Pelargoniums, 
called  then  butterfly  species  ;  also  a  scented  leaf 
sort  and  perhaps  a  Verbena  or  two.  The  window 
was  rarely  opened  ;  neither  was  it  necessary,  as 
the  door  leading  from  the  little  front  garden  was 
always  open  and  the  gingerbeer  on  view.  To-day 
on  the  top  shelf  of  my  sunny  old  greenhouse  I 
have  just  much  the  same  old  favourites  thriving, 
and  I  think  under  similar  conditions  ;  the  green- 
house, though  not  heated,  being  warm  and  perhaps 
rather  stuffy,  the  top  windows  being  '■  out  of 
order  "  and  having  ceased  to  open.  Perhaps  the 
warm  air  and  the  roots  being  confined  in  pots 
help  to  produce  the  perfume,  and  perhaps  the  sight 
of  old  companions,  too,  who  shall  say  >  Anvwav, 
there  is  the  old  Musk  perfume.  I  do  not  remember 
Musk  being  grown  out  of  doors  in  those  days, 
and  if  I  saw  it  at  all  it  was  in  a  pot  lying  on  its  side 
near  the  greenhouse  door  at  my  home. — H.  S. 
Bartleet,  Shooter's  Hill.  Kci  t. 

ONCOCYCLUS      AND      REGELIO-CYCLUS 

IRISES. 

TN    his    interesting   communication    on    Iris    Sari 
(see  page  296)  Mr.  W.  R.  Dykes  lets  in  a  cultural 
sidelight   or   two   that   should  not  be  missed  by 
anyone  desirous  of  understanding  the  above  named 
and    growing    them    with    greater    success.     His 
frank   confession   to  having  dug  up   the  "  plants 
quite  early  in  June  "  and  his  failure  "  at  first,  to 
realise  that  this  was  the  reason  why  the  rhizomes 
did  not  remain  plump  and  firm  till  October  "   is 
of    high    importance.     Such    a    proceeding    w-as, 
as  Mr.  Dykes  found  to  his  cost,  impracticable  and 
wrong,    yet,    by    presently    leading    him    aright, 
endowed   him   also   with   cultural   pros   and   cons 
that  constitute  a  veritable  backbone  in  all  such 
work   and  which  otherwise  could  not  have  been 
forthcoming.     I  confess  to  owing  much  to  experi- 
ments myself,   and  the  fund  of  information  thess 
place  at  one's  disposal  is  not  lightly  to  be  esteemed. 
It  is  not  enough  at  all  times  to  know  just  what  to 
do  :    it  is  the  knowledge  of  what  will  ensue  by 
pursuing  an  opposite  course  that  is  of  even  greater 
importance.     In  deciding  to  pin  his  faith  in   the 
future  on  the  taking-up  method,   Mr.   Dykes  has 
acted  most  wisely,   no  covering  of  whatever  sort 
meaning  so  much  to  the  matured  rhizomes  as  this 
com.plete   out-of-ground   rest.       Opposition     to   it 
precluded  one  of  the  keenest  cultivators  these  Irises 
have  known — the  late  Rev.  H.  Ewbank  of  Ryde — 
from  seeing  a  tithe  of  the  flowers  he  might  have 
seen  had  he  acted  otherwise.     No  trouble  w-as  too 
great  so  far   as   their  cultivation  was   concerned, 
though   nothing  would  persuade  him   to  lift  and 
rest  them  out  of   the    ground.      In   the   series   of 
special  frames  he  had,  at  no  small  cost,  built   for 
their  accommodation  the  plants  were  covered  with 
lights   and  so  rested  for  weeks  on   end.     But  it 
is   not   the   same   thing.     .At   the   time,    too,    Mr. 
Ewbank  was  expecting  a  limey  or  calcareous  soil 
to   prove    the    aU-in-all   for   these   plants.     It   is, 
however,  but  an  item  in  the  case,  albeit  an  impor- 
tant one,  and  definite  seasons  of  growth  and  rest 
mean  much  more  to  these  plants.     But  the  owner 
of   the   old   Parsonage   Garden   at   Ryde   was   no 
experimentalist,    as   all  my  endeavours  to  get  him 
to  lift  and  dry  his  clumps  of  Iris  tingitana  after 
growing  them  for  years  without  flowering  proved. 
What  is  true  of  the  Irises  above  named  is  equally 
true  of  the  more  amiably  disposed  Regelio-Cyclus 


June  25,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


323 


forms,  for  which,  however,  the  out-of-giound  rest 
is  just  as  essential  if  we  are  to  succeed  worthily 
witli  these  indisputably  beautiful  subjects.  1 1  was 
not  in  pure  opposition  to  Mr.  Hoog's  (J,  C,  Van 
Tubergen)  dictum  to  "  lift  in  July  and  replant  in 
October  "  that  a  dozen  or  more  years  ago  I  experi- 
mented with  these  also  by  early  covering  the 
bed — it  was  against  a  south  wall — with  lights 
in  the  hope  of  converting  some  of  them  into  becom- 
ing decent  flowering  plants  minus  the  trouble 
of  annual  lifting,  &c.  The  experiment  not  only 
failed  utterly,  the  plants  were  appreciably  weakened 
too.  In  other  words,  there  is  no  equivalent  for 
the  annual  lifting  and  resting.  It  is  the  only  way 
by  which  a  complete  cessation  of  root  activity 
can  be  brought  about,  hence  is  essential  to  their 
success. — E.   H.  Jenkins. 

[\Ve  were  delighted  to  receive  this  contribution 
from  the  pen  of  one  whose  writings  have  interested 
and  instructed  thousands  for  long  years  past. 
Jlr.  Jenkins  writes  from  a  sick  bed,  to  which  he 
has  been  confined  for  ten  weeks,  and  those  who  are 
acquainted  with  the  seriousness  of  his  illness  will 
rejoice  with  us  when  we  say  that  in  a  personal  letter 
he  himself  speaks  very  hopefully,  and  expresses 
Ms  intention  of  getting  well  so  quickly  that  he 
will  "  be  kicked  out  and  sent  liome."  Those  who 
know  Mr.  Jenkins  intimately  will  recognise  evidence 
of  the  indomitable  spirit  he  possesses. — Ed.] 


PROBABLE     ORIGIN     OF    THE     PINK 

ARTHUR     BRO\\'N. 

lyrR.  HERBERT  laid  stress  'on  the  point  that 
the  Pink  sold  at  the  present  time  under  the 
name  of  A.  Brown  is  rot  one  of  the  originators  of 
Progress.  Mr.  Brown  must  be  under  the  impres- 
sion that  it  is  or  he  would  not  have  said  so.  or 
he  may  even  have  both  the  '  A.  Brown  '  Pinks  in 
stock.  I  do  not  know  ;  but  Mr  Herbert  is  quite 
emphatic  on  the  point  that  the  Pink  he  lists  under 
that  name  is  lut  the  one.  and,  as  the  description 
of  his  Pink  tallies  with  that  alsosoldbv  Mr.  Douglas, 
I  can  but  accept  the  greater  weight  of  evidence. 
I  have  a  great  respect  for  Mr.  Brown's  knowleds*" 
of  Dianthus  pedigree,  and  it  seems  unsatisfactory 
to  leave  the  matter  where  it  is,  but  then  Mr. 
Herbert  is  the  man  most  concerned  and  his  dictum 
must,  I  fear,  be  accepted. — Your  Special 
Correspondent. 


TV/TR.  BROWN  evidently  loses  sight  of  the  fact 
that  the  Pink  flowers  earlier  than  the  Car- 
nation (see  page  207).  I  question  if  there  were  any 
Carnations  in  bloom  in  the  late  Mr.  Dodwell's 
garden  when  the  Pinks  were  in  flower.  If  Mr.  Brown 
■can  raise  as  fine  a  laced  Pink  as  his  namesake  by 
crossing  the  Border  Carnation  with  the  Pink.  I 
should  be  one  of  the  first  to  congratulate  him  on  his 
productions.  He  might  raise  some  with  slight 
lacing,  but  not  with  the  perfect  lacing  so  dear  to 
the  old  florists.  All  the  Pinks  I  have  are  my  ovm 
raising  and  from  the  same  source,  with  not  a  particle 
of  Carnation  blood  in  them,  and  1  have  some  very 
fine  laced  varieties.  I  have  had  some  experience 
in  raising  Pinks  and  1  know  that  if  one  gets  a  new 
break,  someone  will  be  sure  to  say,  "  There  must  be 
Carnation  blood  in  them."  In  all  plant  life  there 
are  dormant  colours,  which  are  only  waiting  to  be 
produced,  and  the  more  we  do  in  trying  to  produce 
them,  so  much  greater  will  be  our  surprise  in 
wondering  where  the  colour  comes  from.  If  anyone 
takes  up  any  class  of  plants  with  the  idea  of  improv- 
ing it,  he  will  find  plenty  of  scope  for  his  energies, 
and  not  onlv  that,  he  will  derive  a  great  amount  of 
pleasure  from  it,  remembering  if  we  do  our  part, 
■nature  never  neglects  to  assist  us. — C.  H.  Herbert. 
A  cocks  Green,  Birmingham. 


A    USEFUL    ANNUAL. 

TT  is  a  good  many  years  since  I  last  had  Phace- 
lia  campanalaria  in  the  garden.  I  suppose 
the  hot,  dry  time  which  we  have  now  had  for  a  good 
many  weeks  has  suited  it  down  to  the  ground,  for 
I  can  never  remember  it  flourishing  in  the  way  it 
has  done  this  year.  P.  carapanularia  is  a  very 
useful  annual  with  rather  fleshy  looking  grey-green 
roughish  foliage,  which  somehow  suggests  to  me 
that  of  the  wild  form  of  Primula  sinensis.  The 
flowers,  borne  on  loose  racemes,  are  pure  blue  ; 
in  shape  they  take  after  the  style  of  a  bell  flower 
and  have  a  pure  white  mark  on  the  inner  surface 
of  the  bottom  of  each  dip  of  the  monopetalous 
corolla.  The  plant  grows  from  6ins.  to  loins.  in 
height,  and  beginning  to  bloom  in  June,  continues 
in  flower  for  a  considerable  period.  It  is,  too,  an 
excellent  subject  for  using  in  small  vases  for  indoor 
decoration  partly  because  the  flowers  continue  to 
open  one  after  another  with  hardly  any  change 
in  colour  for  ever  so  long,  and  partly  because  the 
blue  remains  true  blue  under  artificial  light. — 
Joseph    J.^cob. 

A     LARGE     WHITE     AZALEA. 

T    THINK    it   might    interest    you    to     see     the 

enclosed   photograph   of  a  white  .Azalea  which 

grows  in  our  garden  here  and  which  was   taken 


A  WELL  GROWN  SPECIMEN  OF  RHODODENDRON 
LEDIFOLIUM. 

by  Miss  A.  J  Reid  of  Cove  on  May  28,  1921. 
The  Azalea  measures  15ft.  across,  5ft.  high,  40ft. 
round  (in  circumference).  The  blooms  sent  are 
not  quite  at  their  best  as  they  are  going  over  now, 
the  weather  being  very  warm.  Surely  a  shrub 
like  this  is  unusual,  especially  in  Scotland  and  so 
near  the  sea? — S.  McClure,  Cove,  Dumbarton. 

[The  plant  in  question  is  Rhododendron  (Azalea) 
ledifolium  ;  obviously  a  good  specimen  of  this  well 
known   plant. — Ed.; 

"FIRE"     IN     TULIPS. 

f~\NE  important  source  of  infection  of  Tulips 
with  "  fire,"  "  C.  M.  G."  (page  256)  omits 
to  mention,  viz.,  bulbs  already  diseased,  such  as 
are  not  infrequently  offered  for  sale,  in  spite  of 
all  the  precautions  that  reputable  salesmen 
exercise  to  secure  clean  stocks  for  their  customers. 
Healthy  foliage  left  to  dry  off  is  no  menace  to  the 
succeeding  crops ;  foliage  suffering  from  "  fire  " 
is,  especially  when  the  outbreak  is  severe,  and  it 
is  better  to  remove  and  burn  it  long  before  tlie 
healthy  foliage  begins  to  go  off.  But  even  foliage 
of  healthy  plants  is  rendered  more  liable  to  attack 
by  exposure  to  the  elements,  and  all  that  can  be 


done  by  protection  from  cold  winds  and  spring 
frosts  is  worth  doing,  and  delaying  the  planting 
of  the  bulbs  until  the  second  week  in  November 
is  also  wise,  for  then  the  foliage  is  more  likely  to 
escape  damage. — F.  J.  C. 

TWO     DISTINCT     MOSSY     S.AXIFRAGES. 

^'OWADAYS  we  have  an  abundance  of  these 
useful  plants,  but  I  think  that  one  can  always 
find  room  for  distinct  forms.  Two  have  pleased 
me  well  this  season,  and  neither  of  them  are 
frequently  seen.  The  first  is  S.  Purple  Mantle  ; 
this  is  distinguished  by  the  rose  pink  shade  of  its 
flowers,  quite  distinct  from  all  the  other  pinks 
and  reds  we  already  possess.  The  other  is  S. 
moschata,  a  beautiful  form  of  the  extremely 
variable  S.  muscoides.  The  growth  and  method 
of  bearing  the  flowers  are  of  the  usual  type,  stems 
2  ins.  to  3ins.  high  with  several  flowers  on  each  : 
these  are  white,  but  the  beauty  lies  in  the  dis- 
tinctly crinkled  edge  to  the  petals,  which  dis- 
tinguishes it  from  all  others  I  know.  In  appearance 
it  is  the  nearest  to  S.  Burseriana  of  all  the  mossies. 
A  striking  variety,  probablj'  a  seedling  from  this, 
is  S.  Glasnevin  White.  Here  again  the  flowers 
are  white  and  crinkled,  but  not  quite  so  much, 
but  are  much  larger,  being  at  least  lin.  across. 
It  appears  to  be  a  good  grower,  and  a  good  clump 
will  be  a  striking  sight. — E.  B.  Anderson, 
Cheshire. 


A  Pretty  Hardy  Primula. — Growing  in  the 
gardens  at  Framingham  Manor,  Norfolk,  is  a  very 
choice  hybrid  of  the  newer  type  of  hardy  Primulas. 
The  variety  in  question  has  flowers  .of  a  charming 
colour  best  described  perhaps  as  a  brick  red  with 
a  touch  of  terra-cotta.  It  is  wonderfully  profuse 
in  blooming,  the  flower-stems  run  up  to  a  height 
almost  equal  to  the  old  P.  japonica  and  succeed 
one  period  after  another  to  seven  or  eight  whorls. 
It  is  much  more  refined  and  graceful  in  appear- 
ance than  P.  japonica,  while  the  flower-stems  are 
profusely  covered  with  "  meal."  The  main 
blooming  period  is  from  early  May  for  seven  or 
eight  weeks,  and  it  gives  occasional  blooms  through- 
out the  summer  and  autumn.  It  was  growing 
"■qually  as  well  under  the  slight  shade  of  trees 
as  in  the  open.  Mr.  J.  .\.  Christie,  who  raised  it 
and  called  it  Mabula,  thinks  a  good  deal  of  it 
and  has  worked  up  several  large  patches  of  it. 

An  Attractive  Alpine. — The  Rock  Beauty,  as 
Petrocallis  p^nrenaica  is  popularly  called,  is  one 
of  the  alpine  gems  which  appeal  to  the  desire 
of  the  lover  of  such  flowers,  but  too  frequently 
baiHe  his  utmost  efforts  to  induce  them  to  flower 
with  the  freedom  of  their  native  homes,  or  refuse 
in  ioto  to  accommodate  themselves  to  cultural 
conditions  and  leave  us  with  only  a  sad  memory 
of  their  loss.  It  would,  we  fear,  be  a  dismal  record 
were  we  to  be  able  to  arrive  at  an  approximation 
to  the  number  of  plants  of  Petrocallis  pjTenaica 
which  had  been  in  cultivation  in  this  country 
within  the  last  half  century  but  had  vanished 
without  giving  their  owmers  the  merest  modicum 
of  the  pleasure  they  had  expected.  The  truth 
is  that  it  resents  the  climatic  and  soil  conditions 
which  generally  fall  to  its  lot  and  either  refuses 
to  flower  with  any  satisfactory  profusion  or  gives 
up  the  ghost  leaving  us  forlorn.  It  is  a  delight 
to  see  a  plant  of  the  Rock  Beauty  in  a  happy 
condition  with  its  close-set  tufts  covered  with 
their  lilac,  starry,  gem-like  flowers.  How  to 
secure  this  is  easy  to  suggest,  but  no  one  can  well 
guarantee  that  it  will  be  achieved.  The  moraine 
appears  to  be  the  most  likely  place,  and  that  a 
dry  one  w'ith  plenty  of  calcareous  material  inter- 
mixed with  the  stones.  W'e  have  seen  it  in  the 
happiest  conditions  such  as  this  and  have  admired 


324 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  25,  1921. 


it,  but  the  climate  of  my  own  district  is  too  moist 
for  it  and  it  has  never  flowered  vA'ith  the  freedom 
we  could  desire. 

Handsome  Waterside  Plants.— The  placing 
in  contrast  side  by  side  of  two  plants  of  the  same 
family,  one  a  giant  and  the  other  a  tiny,  is  a  very 
interesting  feature  in  a  garden,  and  these  two 
species  of  Gunnera  (G.  scabra,  a  giant,  and  G. 
magellanica,  a  miniature)  afford  a  good  opportunity 
for  this  contrast  grouping.  G.  scabra  luxuriates 
close  to  the  edge  of  a  stream  or  pond  and  throws 
up  immense  dark  Rhubarb-like  leaves  and  stems 
that  afford  a  magnificent  backing  for  other  water- 
side plants.  By  its  side  the  wee  G.  magellanica, 
reaching  but  4ins.  in  height,  while  the  other  tops 
6ft.  or  7ft.,  is  entirely  lost  sight  of  until  attention 
is  directed  to  it.  It  is  a  native  of  Chili,  with  deep 
green  foliage,  a  counterpart  of  its  tropical-looking 
brother — except  in  size — -and  appreciates  similar 
conditions 

The  P  lowering   of    Fremontia   californica. — 

This  is  one  of  the  best  of  the  many  good  things 
California  has  given  us.  In  favourable  districts 
it  will  attain  a  height  of  loft.  or  r2ft,,  but  specimens 
of  half  that  stature  may  be  relied  upon  to  flower 
profusely.     There  is  to-day  (June  15)  in  our  garden 


a  stripling  of  4ft.  6ins.  that  is  laden  with  its  large 
golden  cup- shaped  blossoms  which  are  not  rendered 
the  less  attractive  by  the  fact  that  the  leaves  are 
comparatively  few,  small  and  of  rather  a  dusty 
green.  Though  F.  californica  needs  a  light,  warm 
soil,  it  is  impatient  of  drought,  especially  just  before 
and  during  the  flowering  season.  Specimens 
planted  against  a  south  wall  will  often  prove 
unsatisfactory  on  that  account,  and  in  places  where 
such  protection  seems  desirable  a  west  wall  would 
probably  be  more  successful.  But  we  are  inclined 
to  think  that  F.  californica  is  a  good  deal  hardier 
than  is  generally  supposed.  In  the  first  place  it  is  a 
deciduous  shrub,  and  the  specimen  alluded  to, 
growing  against  a  west  wall,  has  survived  some 
severe  tests  without  the  slightest  injury,  and  that 
without  any  protection  whatsoever.  For  example, 
it  came  through  the  very  trying  spring  of  rgiy 
without  any  ill  results,  and  the  destructive  frosts 
of  last  December,  which  killed  to  the  ground  a 
fine  Dendromecon  rieidum  growing  '•  ithin  cj  few 
feet  of  it,  left  it  without  the  slightest  effect. 
Fremontia  californica  appears  to  need  but  little 
attention  by  way  of  pruning,  but  in  a  light  soil 
a  mulching  of  old  cow- manure  and  leaf- mould 
in  spring  is  beneficial. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 

Tlie  Flower  Garden. 
Rhododendrons  and   Azaleas   on   completion 

of  their  flowering  should  be  relieved  of  all  dead 
blossoms  and  seedpods.  This  operation  not  only 
adds  considerably  to  the  general  appearance  of 
the  plants,  but,  what  is  more  important,  it  enables 
the  whole  of  the  plants'  energies  to  be  directed 
into  the  new  growths.  Unshapely  bushes  may  be 
cut  back,  and  if  necessary  to  encourage  the  growths 
of  any  of  the  bushes,  they  should  be  given  a  good 
soaking  of  water  and  then  mulched  liberally  with 
partly  decayed  leaf- soil  to  keep  the  roots  cool 
and  moist. 

Dahlias. — Where  the  old  stools  are  too  crowded 
with  new  growths,  thinning  should  be  done  and 
adequate  staking  support  given  to  those  retained. 
Hollyhocks,  Gladioli  and  Liliums  also  require 
supporting  in  good  time. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Swedes  and  Turnips. — A  second  sowing  of  the 
former  may  be  made  during  the  next  few  days 
on  cool  and  moderately  rich  ground.  Another 
breadth  of  Turnip,  too,  on  a  spare  cool  border 
may  be  sown.  If  the  weather  is  hot  and  dry 
the  drills  for  each  of  the  vegetables  should  be 
well  watered  previous  to  sowing  the  seed,  and  on 
very  hot  soils  a  sprinkling  of  short  lawn  grass 
strewn  over  the  bed  is  beneficial,  as  it  keeps  the 
surface  cool  and  enables  the  young  plants  to  grow 
away  more  quickly  and  also  assists  in  warding 
off  fly.  Should  the  latter  be  very  troublesome, 
a  bag  which  has  been  dipped  in  paraffin  oil  drawn 
lightly  over  the  drills  wUl  be  found  an  excellent 
check.  This  is  easil>  applicable  where  large 
breadths  have  to  be  dealt  with,  as  several  bags 
or  pieces  of  canvas  may  be  fastened  together 
to  a  rod,  and  in  this  way  a  considerable  area 
of  groimd  is  quickly  covered. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Strawberries.— Where  supplies  of  pot  Straw- 
berries are  required  early,  it  is  a  good  plan  to 
secure  the  first  batch  of  runners  from  plants  put 
out  solely  for  the  purpose  of  producing  them. 
In  this  way  the  runners  may  be  layered  as  soon 
as  .sufficiently  large  and  receive  proper  treatment, 
deriving  at  the  same  time  the  whole  of  the  susten- 
ance from  the  parent  plant.  In  making  a  bed  to 
produce  runners  for  the  following  season's  pot 
work,  the  plants  when  put  out  in  .August  may  be 
planted  just  as  thicMy  again  as  required  for 
fruiting  ;  and  after  the  crop  of  runners  has  been 
secured  grub  up  every  other  plant,  so  that  those 
left  may  fuUy  develop  for  fruiting  the  second 
season.  Layering  may  commence  at  any  time 
now  for  early  work,  as  it  is  essential  to  get  them 


into  their  fruiting  pots  in  good  time  so  that  the 
crowns  may  thoroughly  develop  and  ripen  by  the 
end  of  the  season. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Malmaisons  that  have  finished  flowering  can 
be  removed  to  a  sheltered  position  outside  to  rest 
awhile  before  being  taken  in  hand  for  layering. 
Those  selected  for  keeping  another  season  should 
be  kept  as  cool  and  restful  as  possible,  and  if 
placed  outside  should  be  protected  from  all  heavy 
rains.  Any  potting  on  may  be  done  as  soon  as 
convenient,  and  the  plants  should  then  be  placed 
under  glass.  Water  should  be  sparingly  given 
after  potting,  spraying  frequently  with  soft  water 
during  hot  days  and  shading  to  enable  the  plants 
to  re-establish  themselves  under  favourable 
conditions.  Among  the  many  varieties  Princess 
of  Wales  and  The  Old  Blush  are  still  two  of  the 
most  useful,  but  the  best  variety  for  general 
purposes  and  perpetual  flowering  is  Duchess  of 
Westminster,  surely  one  of  the  finest  varieties 
ever  introduced. 

Calceolaria  Clibranii  has  done  wonderful 
service  in  the  flowering  house,  but  must  now  be 
cut  over  and  rested  by  placing  in  cool,  shady 
frames  where  heavy  rains  may  be  warded  off. 
Water  sparingly  for  several  weeks,  when  potting-on 
or  shaking  out  must  be  attended  to  as  required. 
Sow^  seeds  now  in  pans  of  light  soil  in  a  cold  frame 
to  obtain  a  young  batch  of  plants  for  another 
season. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines. — Trees  in  early  houses, 
whether  grown  in  pots,  tubs  or  borders,  should, 
as  soon  as  all  fruits  have  been  gathered,  receive 
a  thorough  good  syringing  with  an  insecticide 
if  red  spider  or  thrips  be  present,  afterwards 
syringing  frequently  with  clear  water  to  keep 
the  trees  clean  and  vigorous.  See  that  the  roots 
also  are  well  supplied  with  water,  and  where  a 
heavy  crop  of  fruit  has  been  carried,  add  a  liberal 
supply  of  farmyard  manure  to  the  clear  water. 
Any  pruning  necessary  may  now  be  done,  and 
the  trees  in  pots  or  tubs  should  be  placed  outside. 
H.  Turner 
(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland), 

Albiiry  Park  Gardens,   Guild/orci. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Gardens. 

French  Beans. — A  late  sowing  may  now  be 
made  on  ground  that  has  been  cleared  of  Broccoli, 
and  should  provide  nice  fresh  pods  for  the  latter 
part  of  the  season.  Thin  early  crops  where  they 
have  been  thickly  sown,  and  mulch  between  the 
rows.  On  hot,  gravelly  soils  copious  waterings 
should  be  given,  otherwise  the  pods  are  inclined 
to  be  tough  and  stringy. 


Cabbage  and  Cauliflower. — Further  batches  of 

these  may  be  got  out  now  and  should  prove  a 
useful  succession  to  those  planted  out  three  weeks 
ago.  Sutton's  Universal  Cauliflower  is  finely 
adapted  for  planting  from  successional  sowings  ; 
it  is  much  more  easily  grown  than  some  sorts 
and  remains  longer  in  a  usable  condition,  w^hile 
it  seems  to  suffer  less  from  extreme  drought. 

Carrots. — Early  thinning  should  be  attended 
to.  and  so  encourage  robust  growth.  Stir  the 
soil  frequently  between  the  rows  with  the  Dutch 
hoe. 

Peas.  —  Stake  maincrop  marrowfats,  which 
sl;iould  be  growing  freely,  and  mulch  varieties  that 
are  now  showing  pod,  as  this  materially  helps  in 
swelling  the  pods,  as  well  as  prolonging  the 
cropping  powers  of  the  plants.  It  is  scarcely 
wise  to  risk  another  sowing  in  our  district,  but 
should  one  be  made,  an  early  variety  must  be 
used. 

Beet. — Where  extra  quantities  of  Beetroot 
are  in  demand,  a  late  sowing  may  be  made  now, 
which  should  give  good  results.  If  one  of  the 
quick  growing  Turnip-rooted  sorts  are  sown 
they  develop  quickly  and  produce  fine  weU 
coloured  roots  and  are  generally  found  free  from 
the  coarseness  so  common  in  earlier  lots. 

The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 

Gooseberries  •!:•■  carrying  heavy  crops  this 
season.  Early  \tllow  being  particularly  fine, 
while  the  later  Winham's  Industry  also  promises 
well.  Owing  to  the  lengthy  spell  of  hot  weather 
experienced  here,  red  spider  may  appear,  so  a 
sharp  look-out  should  be  kept  for  this  pest,  and 
if  noticed  a  good  syringing  with  Quassia  extract 
should  be  given.  Bushes  often  suffer  for  a  lengthy 
period  through  attacks  of  red  spider,  while  the 
swelling  and  ripening  of  the  present  crop  is  severely 
checked. 

Watering    Young    Fruit    Trees. — Apple    and 

Pear  trees  which  were  planted  late  in  the  spring 
suffer  readily  from  drought,  so  where  at  all  possible 
they  should  be  well  attended  to  in  the  way  of 
watering  and  mulching.  Should  the  tips  of  the 
young  growths  become  infested  with  aphis,  syringe 
for  a  period  in  the  evenings. 

Plum  Trees  are  carrying  very  poor  crops  in 
this  area,  which  may  be  accounted  for  by  the 
severe  weather  conditions  of  the  previous  season. 
In  many  instances  the  foliage  was  entirely  denuded, 
while  the  continuous  cold  and  wet  during  the 
autumn  did  not  allow  the  wood  to  become  properly 
ripened.  Wall  trees,  however,  promise  much 
better  crops. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Tree  Carnations. — Eater  struck  batches  of 
these  should  be  potted  on  without  delay,  growing 
them  as  cool  as  possible.  Attend  to  stopping, 
so  that  nice  bushy  specimens  may  be  ensured. 
Shade  slightly  during  the  hottest  part  of  the  day. 

Bush  Chrysanthemums  are  now  growing 
freely,  so  if  not  already  staked  they  ought  to  be 
attended  to  at  once.  Spread  out  the  stakes 
so  that  the  growths  may  all  receive  the  full  benefit 
of  light  and  air.  As  the  season  advances,  waterings 
of  weak  soot  water  may  be  given.  Syringe 
occasionally  to  keep  insect  pests  in  check. 

The  Flower  Garden. 

Sweet  Williams  will  now  be  ready  for  trans- 
planting from  the  seed  bed  into  nursery  lines 
in  the  reserve  garden.  Plant  singly  in  rows 
about  gins,  apart  and  6ins.  between  the  plants 
in  the  rows.  The  many  fine  shades  at  the  disposal 
of  the  grower  nowadays  are  invaluable  for  the 
formation  of  colour  schemes,  Sutton's  Pink  Beauty, 
Giant  White  and  Sutton's  Scarlet  being  out- 
standing sorts,  while  the  old  Auricula-eyed  is  always 
a  favourite.  No  garden  should  be  without  this 
delightful  biennial. 

Violets. — Where  these  are  grown  in  quantity 
the  young  plants  will  require  attention  in  the 
way  of  watering  and  keeping  the  foliage  clear  of 
red  spider.  Water  thoroughly  in  the  evening ; 
while  nothing  tends  more  to  keep  red  spider  in 
check  than  frequent  sprayings  with  a  weak 
solution  of  soot  water.  Runners  should  be 
pinched  off,  and  every  encouragement  given  to 
provide  strong  plants  for  autumn  flowering. 

Border  Carnations. — The  soil  must  be  kept 

well  stirred  among  Border  Carnations,  applying 
some  artificial  or  liquid  manure  during  showery 
weather.  Attend  to  staking,  using  neat  stakes 
for  the  purpose.  The  coil  stake  is  very  popular 
and  suitable ;  otherwise  Bamboo  tips  may  be 
used.  James  McGran 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham,   Kilmarnock 


June  25,   1921.] 


Caterpillars  and  Cabbages 


M 


I  ANY  people  seem  to  think  that  nil 
t  aterpillars  eat  Cabbages,  consequently 
they  "  go  for  "  every  one  which  crosses 
their  line  of  vision.  In  point  of  fact, 
the  insect  which  transforms  the 
summer  Cabbage  leaves  into  network  is  probably 
one  of  three  very  common  caterpillars — that  or 
Pieris  Brassira;  (Large,  or  Cabbage,  White  Butter- 
fly). Pieris  Rapa>  (Small  White  Butterfly),  or 
Mamestra  Brassicae  (Cabbage  moth).  Everybody 
knows  the  Large  Wliite  butterfly,  of  ample  wing  and 
careless  flight  ;  every  gardener  knows  its  cater- 
pillar, which  is  bluish  green  in  colour  with  three 
yellow  stripes ;  it  is  covered  with  tiny  black 
points,  from  each  of  which  projects  a  small  white 
bristle.  In  the  late  summer  they  crowd  the 
Cabbages,  transferring  the  blue-green  leaves  into 
their  insatiable  insides  with  amazing  voracity,  until, 
when  they  are  full  fed,  they  leave  the  denuded 
plants  and  find  some  convenient  cranny  in  a  wall. 

The  Small  White  butterfly  caterpillars  are  green, 
lighter  beneath  than  above,  covered  with  minute 
black  points  and  short  bristles,  and  having  a  narrow 
yellow  stripe  along  each  side.  Their  habits  are 
similar  to  those  of  their  larger  relatives,  and  their 
chrysalides  are  lighter  brown  or  buff  colour.  The 
chrysalides  of  both  kinds  pass  the  winter  in  their 
selected  retreats  ;  unless  discovered  by  hunting 
bluetits  or  otherwise  disturbed,  they  emerge  as 
perfect  buttei'flies  in  May. 

The  Cabbage  moth,  a  large  insect  of  a  dark, 
smoky  brown  colour,  flics  in  the  summer  evenings. 
In  the  caterpillar  state  it  is  olive  brown  on  the  back 
and  dull  yellow  below  ;  it  has  a  number  of  faint 
dark  patches,  triangular  in  form,  along  the  back, 
each  outlined  in  lighter  colour.  These  caterpillars 
get  right  into  the  heart  of  the  Cabbage,  leaving 
the  exposed  outer  leaves  to  the  other  marauders. 
They  burrow  into  the  earth  in  the  early  autumn 
and  pass  the  winter  there  as  shiny  brown  chrysa- 
lides. Many  of  them  are  dug  up  when  the  garden 
is  overhauled  for  the  winter. 

All  these  insects  are,  as  is  only  too  well  known, 
very  common.  They  are  practically  the  only 
caterpillars  that  eat  Cabbages,  besides  the  small 
caterpillars  of  one  or  two  of  the  Carpet  moths 
(which,  by  the  way,  never  tasted  Axminster  in 
their  lives,  obtaining  their  name  from  the  beautiful 
patterns  with  which  their  wings  are  covered)  ; 
these  are  not  common  enough  to  do  a  great  deal 
of  damage. 

But  how  are  we  to  deal  with  the  plague  of  the 
caterpillars  of  the  Cabbage  White  butterfly  which 
makes  its  appearance  almost  every  summer  ? 
To  reduce  their  numbers  all  gardeners  should 
make  an  effort,  and  schoolboys  with  butterfly 
nets,  even  though  they  may  do  damage  in  a  garden, 
have  been  known  to  account  for  many  of  these 
insects  on  the  wing.  The  pest  may  be  discouraged 
by  spraying  the  Cabbages  with  salt  water — just 
a  handful  of  salt  to  a  pail  of  water — but  this  does 
not  kill  either  butterfly  or  caterpillar.  However, 
a  solution  of  arsenate  of  lead  does  kill  the  enemy, 
but  owing  to  its  poisonous  properties  it  should 
be  used  at  least  two  weeks  before  the  Cabbages 
are  cut,  The  solution  is  made  up  to  the  strength 
•  of  |lb.  to  lib.  arsenate  of  lead  to  twenty-five 
gallons  of  water,  up  to  i^lb.  or  2lb.  have  been 
used  most  effectively.  Speaking  generally,  people 
are  too  cautious  in  the  use  of  this  most  effective 
insecticide. 

If  the  caterpillars  of  these  two  commonest 
\\'hite  buttei-flies  and  of  the  Cabbage  moth,  and 
the  chrysalides  of-  all  three,  were  systematically 
hunted  down  we  should  hear  less  about  stripped 
Cabbage  plants,  and  other  kinds  of  caterpillars 
would  be  relieved  of  the  burden  of  an  undeserved 
stigma.  Dorothy  Pocock. 


THE     GARDEN. 

ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS.— r;*.?  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  TUK  Gaudies'  helpful  to  all  readers  vko  desire 
assistance,  vo  matter  nluit  the  branch  of  gardenivg  may  6e, 
and  with  that  objeet  mikes  a  sprcial  feature  of  the  "Ansivers 
to  Correspondents  "  coiii77ms.  All  communications  should  be 
clearlu  and  concise!//  written  on  07}e  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  addressed  fo  the  Editor  of  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garde?!,  London,  Tr.C.2.  The  name  and  address 
of  the  sender  arc  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
viay  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  of  paper. 
Plants  for  naming  should  be  clearly  numbered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-wool,  and  flowering 
shoots,  U'here  possible,  sliould  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  business  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 


FLOWER    GARDEN. 

SEEDLING  PYRETHRUMS  (H.  R.,  Hinckley).— After 
haviriir  been  in  a  vnsr  (if  water  for  just  over  a  week  the 
seedling  Pyretiirum  blooms  are  still  bright  aud  attractive. 
The  long  keeping  of  such  cut  blooms  is  a  certain  indication 
of  high  quality,  and  this  fully  bears  out  the  opinion  we 
formed  on  our  first  inspection  of  the  flowers.  All  tlie 
specimens  are  a  distinct  advance  on  many  of  the  standard 
varieties  and  are  well  worth  perpetuating.  Those  which 
appeal  most  to  us  are  the  brilliant  crimson,  the  pink,  the 
white  and  the  deep  rose  pink,  althougli.  as  we  have  said, 
all  are  remarkably  good.  We  are  interested  in  hearin^r 
of  the  double  white  which,  from  the  description,  seems 
a  most  desirable  sort. 

PRIMULA  JULIffi  (S.  W..  Kent).— This  Primula  is 
a  native  of  the  Caucasus  and.  we  believe,  was  named 
in  compliment  to  Julia,  the  wife  of  its  discoverer.  It 
is  rather  a  disappointing  sjjecies  in  many  gardens.  When 
first  introduced  it  seemed  to  be  a  very  desirable  plant, 
but  since  then,  and  especially  this  season,  it  has  in  many 
Southern  gardens  become  weedy  in  habit  and  produced 
only  a  few  small  flowers.  Tliis  is  probably  due  to  climatic 
conditions,  and  we  e.\pect  the  remedy  will  be  to  raise 
seedlings  frequently  and  discard  the  old  plants. 

IRISES  DISEASED  (C.  N".  A.,  Suffolk).— The  disea.se 
on  tilt-  lii-  -^  i^  ■■  rust,"  due  to  the  fungus  Puccmia  iridis, 
and  tli'Tt'  is  sdinf  danger  of  it  spreading  unless  destroyed, 
as  this  fungus  attacks  many  species.  The  diseased  leaves 
should  be  removed  at  once  and  burned,  and  the  neigh- 
bouring plants  sprayed  with  a  rose  red  solution  of  potassium 
permanganate. 

AQUILEGIAS  DETERIORATING  (A.  M.,  Lympne).— 
There  is  no  foundation  fur  tlic  belief  that  if  the  improved 
Long-spurred  varieties  of  A(|uilegia  are  grown  alongside 
the  older  sorts  the  fornuT  will  degenerate.  Unless  pre- 
cautions are  taken,  seed  saved  from  the  improved  Colum- 
bines would  naturally  give  rise  to  mixed  and  inferior 
varieties,  but  the  association  could  have  no  effect  on 
the  original  plants.  Any  deterioration  that  has  occurred 
is  due  to  cultural  causes,  and  in  most  gardens  the  improved 
varieties  of  various  border  flowers  if  merely  planted  in 
ordinary  soil  and  left  to  look  after  themselves  tend  to 
become  smaller  and  poorer  after  a  few  years.  The  remedy 
for  this  is  better  cultivation.  In  the  circumstances  we 
advise  raising  fresh  plants  of  tiie  Long-spurred  Aquilegias — 
it  is  not  too  late  to  sow  seed  now — and  discard  the  existing 
plants  next  year  after  they  Iiave  bloomed.  Unless  fresh 
soil  can  be  given  it  would  be  unwise  to  plant  the  seedlings 
in  the  site  occupied  by  the  old  plants. 


KOSK     GARDEN. 

THE  CAUSE  OF  ROSE  TREES  DYING  (Regular 
Reader,  Salop). — The  wood  made  by  many  Roses  last 
autumn  was  sappv.  and  suffered  very  much  when  the 
December  irost  came,  not  always  being  killed,  but  weakened 
so  that  fungi  found  an  easy  entrance,  completing  the 
damage  started  by  the  frost.  This  appears  to  be  the  case 
with  the  specimens  sent  for  examination. 


THE  GREENHOUSE. 
HELXINE  SOLIEROLII  (H.  W.,  AmpthiU).— Curiously 
enough,  as  our  correspondent  remarks,  the  name  of  this 
fairly  common  grt-enhuuse  creeping  plant  does  not  appear 
in  any  of  the  gardening  books  to  which  the  average  person 
has  access.  Helxine  Solierolii  belongs  to  the  Natural 
Order  Urtieaceae.  The  generic  name  is  derived  from 
the  Greek  word  elkein,  to  pull,  which  refers  to  the  burr- 
like  woolly  seed-heads.  The  specific  name  commemorates 
that  of  Captain  Solierol.  a  French  military  engineer  who 
made  a  very  complete  herbarium  collection  of  the  plants 
of  Corsica,  "for  it  is  among  the  rocks  in  shady  places  in 
Corsica  that  this  little  plant  is  most  found,  though  it 
also  occurs  in  Sardinia  and  the  Balearic  Isles.  The 
reference  to  Carlina  acaulis  which  our  correspondent 
mentions  is  probablv  from  Lloyd's  Encyclopedic 
Bictionarj-.  where  it  is  stated  that  "  Littre  unhesitatingly 
affirms  it  to  be  Carlina  acaulis."  The  name  Carlina 
acaulis  has  long  been  applied  to  the  Carline  Thistle,  a 
totally  different  plant  of  the  Compositte  Order. 


FRUIT     GARDEN. 

FERTILISING  MELONS  GROWN  IN  ORDINARY 
FRAMES  (C.  N.  A..  Suffolk).— The  setting  of  the  Melon 
as  it  is  called  (the  act  of  fertilisation),  should  be  carried 
out  about  mid-dav,  when  both  the  male  and  female 
flowers  are  perfectlv  dry.  The  setting  consists  in  trans- 
ferring the  drv  pollen  from  the  anthers  of  the  male  to  the 


V. 


stigma  or  centre  column  of  the  female  flowers  when  both 
are  fully  expanded.  The  oj)eration  may  be  performed  by 
means  of  a  camel  hair  pencil,  detaching  the  pollen  from 
the  anthers  of  the  male  flower  and  placing  the  same  in 
contact  with  the  stigma  of  the  female  flower.  To  secure 
a  crop  say  of  three  fruits  to  a  plant  it  is  necessary  that 
there  should  be  three  female  blooms  fully  expanded  on 
the  plant  at  the  same  time  and  ail  three  set  together. 
If  only  one  flower  is  set  at  a  time,  it  is  diflScult  to  set  any 
more  afterw^ards. 


TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

f^ELffiAGNUS  FOLIAGE  DISEASED  (J.  S.,  Hants).— 
The  fungus  on  the  Ela^agnus  is  a  Pliyllosticta,  apparently 
undescribed.  It  is  unlikely  that  it  is  a  parasite,  but  is 
probably  growing  on  leaves  damaged  either  by  salt  winds 
or  some  such  thing. 


KITCHEN     GARDEN. 

ASPARAGUS   BEDS   AND   CUTTING    OF  THE   GRASS 

(F.  J.  B..  Mawnan  Smith).— We  think  that  the  most 
satisfactory  way  is  to  cut  every  blade  of  grass  as  it  comes 
up  above  the  soil  from  its  first  appearance  until,  say, 
about  mid  June.  Early  Peas  are  then  coming  to  take  its 
place,  and  there  is  no  excuse  for  further  cutting  the  grass. 
At  any  rate,  if  indulged  in  after  this  date  it  wUl  be  at  the 
expense  and  to  the  detriment  of  next  year's  crop.  A  liberal 
sprinkling  of  Peruvian  guano  is  the  best  manure  to  apply 
just  now  as  a  stimulant  for  the  strong  growth  of  grass 
from  now  to  the  end  of  summer.  The  grass  which  grows 
after  this  time  will  form  the  crowns  or  nucleus  for  next 
year's  crop.  Seaweed  is  largely  used  as  a  manure  in 
many  districts  around  our  coasts  and  in  the  Channel 
Islands.  It  has  been  found  peculiarly  useful  in  the 
growth  of  Potatoes  and  Turnips  and  indeed  of  all  vegetables 
which  contain  much  water  in  their  tissues.  The 
Asparagus  is  a  marine  plant,  and  a  dressing,  say,  Sins, 
or  iins.  deep,  applied  over  the  surface  of  the  beds  in 
early  winter  would  have  a  beneficial  effect,  especially 
if  a  liberal  sprinkling  of  bone  dust  »vere  mixed  with  it. 
Seaweed  is  rich  in  potash  and  soda  compounds,  but  is 
poor  in  phosphates. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

SNOWY  FLY  (B.  B.  R.,  Maidstone).— The  usual  treat- 
ment for  green  fly  (ajihides)  is  of  no  avail  when  plants  are 
infested  with  the  white  fly  (Aleyrodes).  At  present  no 
insecticide  has  been  compounded  that  is  altogether 
destructive  to  them,  though  the  most  effective  is  a  mixture 
of  paraflin  oil,  two  gallons;  whale  oil  soap,  eight 
pounds,  and  water,  one  gallon,  the  whole  being  thoroughly 
mixed  before  aud  during  use.  The  greatest  difticulty  in 
dealing  with  the  snowy  fly  lies  in  the  fact  that  its  eggs  are 
coated  with  a  waterproof  substance  from  which  any 
spray  fluid  runs  off  and  the  eggs  are,  of  course,  equally  im- 
pervious to  fumigation.  The  best  means  of  destruction 
is  by  fumigating  with  cyanide  gas,  and  at  least  tw^o  f\imi- 
gations  are  needed,  the  second  about  fourteen  days  after 
the  flrst,  by  which  time  tlie  eggs  will  have  hatched  out 
Great  care  is  needed  in  cyaniding  on  accountof  its  poisonous 
nature.  This  work  should  be  done  on  a  quiet,  mild 
evening  and  the  foliage  of  all  plants  in  the  house  must  be 
dry.  The  formula  for  cyaniding  is  sulphuric  acid,  IJ  fl. 
ozs.  ;  sodium  cyanide,  1  oz.  ;  water,  3  fl.  ozs.  The 
sodium  cyanide  should  be  what  is  known  as  "  high  grade," 
98  per  cent,  purity,  and  must  always  be  kept  under  control 
in  a  quite  dry  "place.  The  sulphuric  acid,  commonly 
known  as  brown  oil  of  vitriol,  should  have  a  specific 
gravity  of  1.8 — one  pint  should  weigh  36oz3.  The  usual 
quantity  of  cyanide  to  use  is  about  Joz.  per  1,000  cubic  ft. 
of  space  to  be  treated. 

PRESERVING  GREEN  PEAS  (E.  S.  C.).— The  chief 
difficulty  in  preser\'ing  Peas  is  usually  to  retain  the  green 
colour.  By  ordinary  methods  the  Peas  become  brown, 
but  this  does  not  affect  their  flavour,  though  the  green 
colour  is  desirable  for  appearance  sake.  The  most  suit- 
able Peas  are  garden  varieties  of  good  fiavour,  and  tliey 
should  be  gathered  just  as  the  pods  are  well  filled — with 
age  the  flavour  and  tenderness  vanish.  The  shelled  Peaa 
should  be  graded  into  even  sizes  and  placed  in  a  pan  of 
cold  water,  adding  half  as  much  salt,  bicarbonate  of  soda, 
sugar  and  mint  as  would  be  used  in  cooking  them  for 
immediate  eating.  Place  the  pan  on  the  fire  and  bring 
gradually  to  the  boil.  Do  not  allow  the  Peas  to  boil  for 
more  than  a  few  seconds,  but  remove  the  pan  and  place 
under  a  running  water  tap  until  they  are  cool.  If  the 
water  supply  is  limited,  gently  strain  the  Peas  and  place 
them  in  cold  water.  Prepare  sufficient  boiling  water  to 
flll  all  the  bottles  and  well  stir  in  as  much  salt,  sugar  and 
mint  as  before.  If  the  green  colour  in  the  Peas  is  desired 
also,  add  an  average-sized  teaspoonful  of  powdered  borax 
to  each  pint  of  water.  Borax  in  this  quantity  is  quite 
harmless.  "Wlien  this  prepared  water  is  cool  fill  the  bottles 
with  the  Peas,  reraemberuig  that  they  will  swell,  and 
allow  sufficient  room  for  expansion.  Fill  the  bottles 
with  the  prepared  water  and  boil  for  an  hour  and  a  half, 
then  fasten  down  in  the  ordinary  way. 

NAMES    OF    PLANTS.— W.    AV.,   Berks.— 1,    Rose   Tea 

Rambler ;      '2.      Rose     Margaret     Dickson     Haniill. 

X,    B. — Rose    Dr.    Van    Fleet. Boris. — Sempervivum 

arboreum  var.— W.  C,  Abingdon. — One  of  many  hybrids 

of  Clematis   lanuginosa  aud  others C.  D— 1.  Cytisus 

hirsutus;  2,  please  send  when  in  flower;  3,  Casslnia 
fulvida;  4,  Pernettya  mucronata ;  5,  Hippophce  rham* 
noides ;  6,  Elseagnus  longipe  ;  7.  Spiraea  japnuita ; 
s,  Skimmia  japonica  ;  9,  Pinus  excels-*  ;  10  Vaccinium 
species:   11,  Cotoneaster  species  10  and  11  too  poor  for 

exact    identiflcation.    P.     E.     B..     Birmingham.— 1, 

Lilium  pyrenaicura ;  3,  Tradescantia  virginiaua ;  6. 
Veronica  teucrium.  The  numbers  on  the  other  specimens 
were  obliterated  on  arrival.— Sedum  rupestre  (yellow). 
Veronica  gentianoides  (blue).  Valeriana  Phu  (white). 
Centranthus  ruber  (red). 


THE     GARDEN. 


[June  25,   192 1. 


A  Booklet  contain-      ,  , 
lug      the      moat     " 
Reliable    Oarden 
Requisites    for    the 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


Successful  Cultiva- 
99     tion     of     Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vege- 
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Wasp-proof    Envelopes. 


For       Protecting      Grapes. 
Peaches,  Nectarines,  Pears, 
Apples,    etc       Made   in   the 
loUowing  sizes  : — 
9x12    10x15   12x  18-in.deep 
77/6     90/-       120- gross. 


Hexagon    Mesh    Netting 

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DIA.M.      WHEN 

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FRUIT,      FLOWERS,     VEGETABLES,      EGGS.     ETC. 

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PLANTS  IN  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE. 

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Messrs.  WALTER  BLOM  &  SON 

OVERVEEN,     HOLLAND, 

BEG    TO    ANNOUNCE     THAT    THEIR     NEW 

BULB    CATALOGUE    FOR    (921 

IS     NOW     READY. 

Amateurs    are    cordially    invited    to    send    for    a    copy,    which     will 
be    found    both    instructive    and    interesting. 


Buibs    guaranteed    to    give    complete    satisfaction.        Please    see 
important    notice    on    page    1. 


with 


~«^     Backward      Garden      Produce      top-dressed 

RITO 

comes    along    quickly. 
\^  your  Potatoes,  Cabbages,  Beans,  or  other  crops  are  not 

you   wish,  just   try   a   top-dressing 


as 


The  Rito  Smile. 


coming  on  as  fast 

of  RITO   and    then   note    their  marvellous  improvement. 

RITO  multiplies  everything  that  grows. 

FROM     ALL     DEALERS  —  1     cwt.    23/6,      ^-cwt.     1 2/-,      J-cwt.    6/9, 

14    lbs.    3/9,    7    lbs.    2/- 

Manufactured  under  Royal  Letters  Patent  by  The  Molassine  Company  Ltd..  22.  Tunnel  Avenue,  Qreenwich.  S.E.  10 


'NICOTICIDE' 

NICOTINE     FUMIGANT 

Will  effectively  destroy  those  Insects  which 
infest  and  destroy  your  Greenhouse  Plants. 

3SREEN   FLY  &  BLACK  FLY,  THRIP, 

VIEALY   BUG,    and    SCALE    killed  by 

'NICOTICIDE'     Fumigant. 

PRICES : 

Pint     20/-         i-pint    10/- 

6  ozs •/-  4  ozs 4/- 

I  .      2  ozs    2;3         1  oz \'Z 

From  your  Nurseryman  or  Seedsman. 

Sole    Makers : 

lUNTER  &  GOW,  Ltd.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  LIVERPOOL. 


ERTILIZERS  A  SPEGIALITE. 

All    Containing    Potash. 

ecial  Sweet  Pea  Mannre, — Produces  perfect 
ilooms,  with  superb  colour,  without  coarseness. 
Tins,  2/3  and  3/9,  post  free.  7  lb.,  4'3  ;  14  1b., 
5/9;  28  1b.,  11/3;  56  1b.,  18/-;  112  1b.,  33/-. 
Carriage  paid. 

iecial  Tomato.— Gives  perfect  finish  and  flavour. 
Pins,  2/3  and  3/9,  post  free.  7  lb.,  4/6  ;  14  lb., 
?/-;  2«  lb.,  12/-;  56  lb.,  19/-;  112  1b.,  35/-. 
Carriage  paid. 

1 1    SPECIAL    ROSE,    FRUIT    TREE,    LAWN    GRASS,    LAWN 
SAND.   VINE,   CHRYSANTHEMUM,   CARNATION,  etc. 

I  H.  MACKERETh!  Ltd.,  ULVERSTON. 


THE  "PATTISSON" 
HORSE  (LAWN)  BOOTS 


For 

Shod 

i  Horses. 


FIG.   2.  FIG.  2. 

(Welted  PattL-rn),  (No-Welt  Pattern). 

ONCE  TRIED,   ALWAYS   USED. 

SIMPLEST!  STRONGEST!  MOST  ECONOMICAL  ! 

Best  English  Leather  or  Rubber  Solea. 
Used    in     the     Royal     and     in     thousands    of     ttio 

Principal    Gardens. 

Fig.   1    can  be    re-soled    many    times  and    will 

be  equal  to  new  boots. 

Sliver  Medals:— 

Royal  Horticultural  Society,   1904  and  1914 

Royal   International  Horticultural  Exhibition.   1912. 

HUNDREDS    OF    TESTIMONIALS. 
Over  10.000  Sets  used  In  the  United  Kingdom, 

Illustrated  Price  Lists  from  the  Makers:— 
H.  PATTISSON   &    Co..  Streatham,   London 


The      Best     Remedy 

_  for  ^^ 

Green       Fly 

American  Blight  (Woolly 
Aphis),  etc.,  and  Mildew  on 
roses  and  other  plants  is  Abol 
Non-poisonous  Insecticide. 

Abol 

also  invigorates  the  plant,  and 
leaves  the  foliage  beautifully  clean 
and  fresh. 

Used  in  the  Royal  Gardens. 
*  pt.,  1/5;  pt.,2/5;  qt.,  4/-; 
4    gall.,    6/6;     gall.,    11/4. 

Abol  Insecticide  and  Patent 
Syringes  (specially  recommended 
by  the  National  Rose  Society)  are 
sold  by  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen, 
etc.,  and  made  by  Abol  Limited, 
9,   Beltring,   Paddock  Wood,   Kent. 

A  guide  to  garden  pests  will  be 
sent  to  anyone  gratis  and  post  free. 


RE  IN  FORCED 

NICOTINEWASH 

THE  MOST  POWERFUL  i  EFFICIENT 


Exterminates     Red     Spider.     Scale     Bug,     Aphides, 
etc.,   yet   is  harmless  to  the  most  delicate  plants. 

Consult  your  Seedsman. 
STONEHOU5E  (Hort.  Dept.).WEST  BROMWICH 


PUMP 

FOR  GARDEN 
WORK  OF  ALL 
::      KINDS     :: 


VERY    STRONO 

AND 
SERVICEABLE 


Size  a  in.    ...    64/6 

Size  T  in.    ...    68/- 

Size  1  in.    ...    75/3 

From  Stock 

List     D     free 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

Southwark  Street,  London,  S.E.I 


Vlll. 


THE     GARDEN. 


rjUNE    25,     IQ2I. 


ABUNDANCE 

OF  FRUIT 


only  possible  if  insect  pests 
are  destroyed. 


SAVE  VOUR   CROPS 


and  Flowers  from  damage  by  using 


COOPERS 

HORTICULTURAL 
REMEDIES 


NICOTINE    (V2l    FLUID 

No  finer  Spring  and  Summer  Wash 

Destroys   Apple  and   Pear  Sucker,  Apple,  Plum. 
Rose  and  other  aphides.  Mussel  Scale  larvae,  ana 
American    Blight. 
In  Qts.,  4.  1,  2.  5.  20  and  40  tfalls. 

A.    S.    FLUID 

For   Spring    and    Summer   Use 
Kills  Aphis.  Apple  Sucker  and  Young  Scale  Insects. 
Economical  for  large  Orchardists. 
In  1.  5.  20  and  40  galls. 

MILDEW   ( V2  K )   FLUID 

For    Rose,    Strawberry   and    other  Mildews,    alsft 
Strawberry   Leaf  Spot. 

"HIGHLY  COMMENDED^    ^ward    of  the 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  for  Rose  Mildew, 
In  Qu  Tins;  1.  2,  5,  10  and  40  gall,  casks. 

ARSENATE  of  LEAD  PASTE 

Destroys    Leaf-eaiing    Caterpillars.  Codling  Moth 
Caterpillar.  Saw  Fly  larvae.  Pear  and  Cherry  Slug 
and  other  chewing  insects. 
In  1.  2.  S.  10.  20,  50  and  1001b.  Packages. 

TOMARITE 

A  Non-Poisonous  Spray  Fluid 

For  prevention  and  eradication  of  fungous  diseases 
on  1  omatoes.  including  leaf-rust.      Does  not  mark 
the  Fruit. 
In  Qts..  1.  5.  and  10  gall,  drums. 

WEEDICIDE 

Rapidly  kills  Weeds  on  Drives,  Garden  Paths  and 
Gravelled   Spaces. 
In  Qts.,  i.  1,  2.  5. 10.  20  and  40  galls. 

Of  Asentt  Everywhere.     Revised  Pricei  00  Applicatioo  to 


WILLIAM  COOPER CNEPHEWSU' 


CHEMICAL 


BERKHAMSTED. 


THE     CHEAPEST     AND     SAFEST 


INSECTICIDE    YET     INTRODUCED 

"NIQUAS" 

(REGD) 

THE  GR1--AT  AM)  L'.N  PARAI.LF-LHI)  SLCCI-;SS  ( II-  THIS 

IMPROVED     NON  -  POISONOUS 
INSECTICIDE 


SHOULD    SECURE    ITS    UNIVERSAL    USE 
BY    ALL    GARDENERS. 


It 


concentrated  Vegetable  Extract,  adaptab  e  for  a'l 
Trees  and  Plants,  and  when  used  with  the  Special  Syringe  it 
is  most  economical,  with  certain  death  to  all  Insect  Life. 
It  has  the  advantage  of  a  small  addition  of  Nicotine,  thus 
rendering  its  effects  more  deadly  to  all  Insect  Pests. 
A    practical    test    on    a    small    scale    will    prove    its    va'ue. 

No  possible  injury  can  occur  from  its  use. 
Prices:    Half-Pint,     1/4:     Pint,    2/3:     Quart,    3/9:     Half- 
Gallon,     6,'-;       Gallon,     11/-;      Five     Gallons     36/-:      Ten 
Gallons,    62/6:     Twenty    Gallons,     120/- 


The  "NIQUAS"  Syringe 

This  Syringe  changes  automatically  ftDtn  Direct  to  Under- 
neath Sprayinji  by  simply  turning  the  Syringe. 
Granted    Silver    Med»l    and    Diploma     of     Honour    at    the 

International    Exhibition,     1912. 

These  ^Syringes^   are     especially     adapted    for     the    use    oF 

Niquas"  anJ  as  a  general  Vaporising  Syringe. 

To    be    had    from    all    Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 

Mauufacfitiers:  EstaWished    1848. 

CORRY  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Bonded  Chemical  Works, 

SHAD     THAMES,     S.E.1 

Oflices  and  Showrooms  -  -  Bedford  Chambers, 

Covent  Garden,  London,   W.C.2 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 


THE  MOST  PERFECT 

FERTfLIZER 

FOR 


GREENHOUSES. 
GARDENS. 
LAWNS.  V: 


(     PATENTED) 


THE  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY     PREPARED. 

In  the  form  of  a  leaf -tnould.  ready  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  same  way,  and  for  all  purposes  that  stable  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equalling  15 cwts.).  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  handle,  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds,  worms,  etc. 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Society's  Gardens  at 
VVisIey.  and  I  am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  grown  both 
under  glass  and  out.in  the  opeh  air."  (Signed)  W.  VVi  LKS.  Secretary. 

A  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard. 

V^  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS.    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -^01 

Prices,  including  hags:    Small  (about  1  busheli,  2,/3  ;    Lar^^e  (about  4  bushels).  6- :    .=1  Liirge.  28,'9  ;    10  Large.  55/- ; 
-Vl  Large.  100/-.         Carriage  forward  for  cash   with  order. 

WAKELEY'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Quick  Lime),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 
WAKELEY     BROS.     &    CO..     LTD.,    75a,     BANKSIDE,    LONDON.      S.E.I. 


FIRST  INVENTED.       FIRST  EVER  SINGE. 
SMITH'S 

POWDER  WEED  KILLER 

is   absolutely    "PERFECT." 

8  tins  of  Powder  to  make  200  gallons  of 
Liquid,  carriage  paid  ;  also  in  Liquid,  all 
sized     Drums,    5    gallons,    carriage  paid. 

MARK     SMITH,     LTD. 

LOUTH,    UINCOLNSHIRE. 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDI 


OGSTON'S 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAI 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  41b.  and  71b.  tin 

!  All    Packages    bear    Maker's    name,    and    the    public    : 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON     &     TENNANT,     LTD 
Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


FOR  SUCCESS  IN 
YOUR  GARDEN- 
USE 


SOH 


'S 


W\^^ 


OH^^ 


On    the    market 

for      over     40    years. 

they  still  hold  first  place  in 

estimation    of    Horticulturists 

the     world      for     QUALITY 


the 
all      over 
and  RESULTS. 
The      direct      result      of      many     years'     practical 
experience     in     gardening,      they     stand    unrivalled     at     the 
present     day    for     every    description     of    Fruit-bearing.    Flowering 
and  Foliage  Plants.  Vegetables,  Lavins,  etc..  etc. 
Vine,    Plant    end    Vagetable    Manure,    lcwt.,36/-:      S6lb.,    19/-;      281b..  10,6; 
141b..  61-:  71b.,  3/6;  Tins.  1/6. 
Special  Top-Dreselng  Manure,  561b..  19/-;  281b..  10/6:  141b..  6/-;  71b.,  3/6. 
BF     WRITE     FOR     OUR     BOOKLF.T-POST     FREE     ON      REQUEST.     "Wl 
SOLD        BY         NURSERYMEN         AND        SEEDSMEN         EVERYWHERE. 


Sole    Makers:      VVM.     THOMSON      &     SONS,     LTD.,     CLOVENFORDS.     SCOTLAND. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 

State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL,  NOTTINGHAM 


/ 


McDOUGALL'S 

PERFECT  SAFETY 
WEED    KILLER 

FREE   FROM  ARSENIC 

Simple  to  use.  Very 
effective.  No  danger  to 
Children,  Animals, 
Poultry,  etc. 


/ 


Pint  tins  1  /9  each. 
Quart  „  3/-     „ 
JQall.  „4/9     „ 


1  Gall.  Drums  7/-  each. 
5     „  „     27/e     „ 

40    ,,  Casks  £8  10    ,, 


INSIST    ON    McDOUQALL'S.       REFUSE 
SUBSTITUTES   &   AVOID  DISAPPOINTMENT. 


IF  ANY  DIFFICULTY  IN  OBTAINING  SUPPLIES 
LOCALLY.  PLEASE  WRITE  US  DIRECT  FOR 
ILLUSTRATED  PRICE  LIST  AND  MENTION  NAME 
AND  ADDRESS  OF  LOCAL  SEEDSiMAN.  NURSERY- 
.MAN    OR     IRON.MONGER. 

M<=DOUGALL  BR0S.1jD.,  »^,\Vh?s"tVr^ 


Published  by  "Country  Life.' 


Limited,  at  20,  Tavistock  Street.  Strand.  VV.C.2,  and  by  George  Newnes.  Limited,  8-11    SouthamDton  Street,'  Strand,  W.C.2  • 
and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press,  55  &  57.  Drury  Lane.  London.  W.C.?. 


THE 


I^IT^YIAKY  ottn. 


GARDErt^ 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


ol.  LXXXV.— No.  2589. 

itered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  York,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,  July   2,    1921 


REGISTERED  AT  THE  GENERAL 

POST  OFFICE  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 

AND  FOR  CANADIAN   MAGAZINE 

POST. 


PriceJTHREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17/4:    Foreign,    17/4 


.CERASTIUM     AS     AN     EDGING     TO     STEPS. 

The  illustration  shows  what  an  excellent  edging  plant  Cerastium 
pennsylvanicum  makes  when  not  in  flower.  The  leaves  of  this 
particular  Cerastium  are  lighter  in  colour  than  the  better  known 
C.  tomentosum.  but  it  grows  just  as  luxuriantly.  At  the  present 
season,  when  the  flowers  are  over,  if  the  plants  are  cut  back  to  their 
roots  the  cutting  encourages  a  strong  sturdy  growth,  which  may  be 
expected  in  about  three  weeks.  If  neglected,  the  plants  spread 
rapidly  and  become  objectionably  straggling,  but  if  properlv  treated 
Cerastium  pennsylvanicum  is  effective,  not  only  when  in  flower  but 
throughout  the  year,  nn  account  of  its  beautiful  foliage. 


Bentley's  Weed  Destroyers 

HAVE     THE     LARGEST     SALE     AND     ARE 
THE  .MOST  POWERFUL   .MANUFACTURED. 

CONCENTRATED     (Liquid     1     to     80) 


SAFETY 

QUASSIA 


(Liquid    1    to  25),  Non-Arsenical 
EXTRACT      (Compound      Liquid) 


DESTROYSa  APHIS     IN     ALL     ITS     FORMS. 
Catalogue     on     Application. 


Sole  Manufacturers :  JOSEPH    BENTLEY,    Ltd., 
Chemical    Works,    BARROW-ON-HUMBER,     HULL. 

CARNATIONS. 

Perpetual  Flowering  Varieties 
Perpetual  Border  „ 

Hardy   Border  „ 

^^  ALLWOODII 

The    new   hardy  plant,    all   fully   described   in   our  new  illustrated  catalogue, 
t  gladly  sent    post   free  on   request  to — 

The  leading  Carnation  Raisers 

and   Specialists   in    the   world. 

Dept.  4. 

HAYWARDS    HEATH. 

SUSSEX. 


SOX    KILLS 


WHITE     FLY 

and  all  insect  pests  on  Fruit, 
Flowers  and  Vegetables.  Adhesive  and  penetrating, 
it  is  the  quickest  and  most  efficient  Insecticide  in  the  world. 
SOX  has  been  awarded  the  "  Highly  Commended  "  Certificate 
by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  SOX  will  not  choke  Sprayer 
or  Syringe.     When  other  Insecticides  fail  SOX  will  delight  you. 


PRICES  OF  SOX  TABLETS. 

Packets   of 
:f.     II-:      6.     1/9;       12.    3-: 
24,  5/9:    48,  10/6  ;    120.  25/- 


No.  1. 
No.  2, 
No.  3. 


16. 
2/6, 
3/6. 


PRICES  OF   SOX    LIQUID. 

makes     5  galls.  I  No.  4.     6/-      makes  30  galls. 
10     „        I  No.  .S.  10/6.       ..        60 


DYOWEED 


]5      ,,        I    Larger  quantities  on  appItcatioD. 
the  Weed  Killer  without  Arsenic. 
Quicker,      Better,       Cleaner     and 
Cheaper  than    the   dangerous    arsenical    preparations.      Kills  all 
the  weeds  and  leaves  no  stain. 
SOLD    BY    NURSERYMEN.    SEEDSMEN,    IRONMONGERS    AND    STORES. 

Sold    in    cans  to    make    3  galls.  1/6.  6   galls.  2/6.  10  galls.  3/9.  20  galls.  6/-.  40  galls.  10'6.       Larger 

quantities  on    application, 
MunuftTCtnrers :    Hitu-kcr   &     Bolv-nad.    Ltd..    ARricuUural    .f-    Hnrticiiltfirnt    C/icinis/.s.    Grays.   Essex. 

ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous   habit  and  superior  constitution.       A  visit  to  our  Establishment 

is     cordially     invited    to    inspect     our     immense     and     interesting     STOCK 

RAISED     BY    THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice    Species.    Rare    Botanical    Specimens.        Albinos   in    warm   and    cool 
sections  also  a  speciality. 

Expert    Advice    given    and    all    Requisites    supplied    for     the    good    culture 

of  Orchids. 

CHARLE8W0RTH  &  CO.,  "*h^eath!'^ 


THE     GARDEN, 


[July  2,    iq2i. 


'THE    GARDEN'    CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO   OUR   READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The   Champion    Decorative   Rose    Grower    of   England 


D.    PRIOR    &    SON,    Ltd.,  COLCHESTER. 
The  Champion  Rose  Growers  of  Great  Britain. 

Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail   Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseries 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
orall  kinds.  Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND     FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 


R.   &   G.    CUTHBERT 

SOUTHGATE 

MIDDLESEX 

Established  1797 


For  planting  and 
Conservatory 
decoration. 
Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varieties  post 
tree 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 

BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

and 

Fruit  Trees 


W.  WELLS,  JuNR. 
Hardy  Plant  Nursery 
MERSTH\M.  SURREY 


Specialists  In 
Hardy  Plants 
and  Alpines 
Catalogues  Free 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,    MIDDX. 


Naw  Alpines 
and  Perenniala 

Complete 
Collection 


ALPINE      PLANTS 

FREDK.  G.  WOOD 

Marsden  Nurseries 
ASHTEAD,  SURREY 


specialist  in 
Alpine   Plants 
Rock  Gardens 
Designer 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  BATH  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
TwERTON  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begonias 
Delphiniums 
QloxinJas 
Cyclamen,  etc. 


DAWKINS 

408,  King's  Road 

CHELSEA,    S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment    List 
Poet   Free   on 
application 


BIRDS  DEFIED. 


ROTLESS 

TANNED  NETTING. 

As  supplied  by  us  to  the  Royal  Gardens.  In  3  qualities. 
SO  by  1  yd.,  6/-.  8/6.  11/- ;  2  yds.,  12;.,  17/-,  22/- ;  3  yds.,  18/-,  25.6. 
33/. :  4  yds.,  24/-.  34,'-.  44/- ;   25  by  8  yds..  24/-.  34/-,  44/- 

Carriage  Paid,  post  or  pass.' 
HAWTHORN.     Ltd.,    Depi.     E,    SHREWSBURY. 

ESTABLISHED    33     YEARS. 


Garden  Sundries 


G.   H.    RICHARDS 

234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides  and 
Fumigants 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited 
(Boundary  Chem.  Co.) 
Cranmer  Street 
LIVERPOOL 


All  Qarden 
Estate 
and  Sport 
Requirements 


CORRY   &    CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  atid 
Bedford  Chambeks 
CovENT  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundrlee 
Fertflizere  and 
Inseoiloldea,  etc. 


J.    BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humbeh 

HULL 


Weed  Destroyers 
Lawn  Sand 
Insecticides 
Fertilizers 


Landscape  Gardening 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO.,  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  International 
Show.  lyi2. 


J.    CHEAL   &    SONS,   Ltd. 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


Landscape 
Qardeners 
Trees  and 
Shrubs,  eto. 


I  PULMAM  ®  SON 

II    BY  APPOINTMENT  TO  HI3  MAJESTY 

I  71  NEWMAN  ST  axroRD  ST 
E  LONDON  •  w 

I  NLT>5ERIE5-DL?ENnAME55EX 


G&^rden 

rormal  Gardens  • 
P!^^ns  t-Sart/eys  ■ 
Va^3es  -[^otintairiS' 
F;(Jurcs-.'5tinH>al9t<-- 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  p.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 
Greenhouse  Heating 
SouTHWARK  St., London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


HERBERT'S  NEW  PINKS 

Have    received    Four    Awards  of    Merit  and   Medals. 

I  was  also  personally  congratulated  by  their  Majesties  the 
King  and  Queen  at  the  R.H.S.  Show.  Chelsea.  May  24th,  1921. 

Price  List  free  on  af'Plication. 

C.   H.    HERBERT,    Nurseryman, 

ACOCKS      GREEN,      BIRMINGHAM. 


NATIONAL 

Sweet  Pea  Society 

21st  EXHIBITION  &  CONFERENCE 

(Prizes  value  nearly  £500) 

WILL     B1-;      HHLD    AT 

THE    ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    HALL, 

Vincent  Square,  Westminster,  S.W., 

On  TUESDAY  &  WEDNESDAY,  JULY  12th  &  13th. 

Full  p.irticiilars  from  Secretary  — 

HENRY  D.  TIQWELL,  Greenfield,  IVtiddlesex 


THE    DOG  :    MAN'S    FIRMEST   FRIEND— 

How  to  choose  and  care  for  him,  by  A.  Croxton  Smith.  A 
copy  of  this  helpful  boolclet  on  the  housing,  breeding,  feeding, 
and  care  of  dogs  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid., 
addressed  to  The  Manager,  "  Coontri  Life,"  Ltd.,  20 
Taviatock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


NEW     ROSE 

FLORENCE 

(Hybrid  Tea) 

(Aic-ard  of  Merit.  Chchca  SJioic,  l'J21j 
Beautiful    delicate     pink,     very     large     high 
centred  flowers  of  splendid   build   and   petal. 

Good  plants  in  pots  for  present  planting  10/6  each. 

Priced    list    of   other    New     Roses      ami    general 
collection  of  Roses  in  pots,  post  free  on  application. 

Wm.  PAUL  &  SON,  LTD.,  Waltham  Cross,  Herts.- 


SPECIAL  ITE. 

JAPANESE 

.MAPLES 

CAMELLIAS 

HYDRANGEAS 

MAGNOLIAS 

AZALEAS 

(Carriage  Paid.) 

V    \ 

Gauntlett  &  Co.,  Ltd.. 

Japanese  Nurseries. 

Chiddingfol.d.  Surrey. 

NETS 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS.-For    Fruit    Protection.      Squar 

■ind   Diatnnnd  .Mesh,      All  kinds  and  sizes. 
TEMNIS   BOUNDARY  NETS, -All  widtiis  and  lengths 
TENNIS  NETS.- Various  qualities. 
REPAIRED  NETS.-All  sizes. 

Nets    for    all    purposes. 
Samples  and  Prices  on   application   to   Manufacturers 

SCARBOROUGH  SHIPPING  SUPPLY  STORES.  Ltd., 

12,    Sandside,    SCARBOROUGH 


WOLVERHAMPTON  FLORAL  FETE 

J3th  &  14th  JULY,  1921. 
OVER    £l,000    IN     PRIZES 

ENTRIES     CLOSE     JULY    4th. 
Schedules    on    application    to    the    Secretars'. 


NOW     READY. 

The  Garden  Doctor. 

PLANTS  IN  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE. 

By  F.  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.M  H. 

7s.  6d.  net  ;     by  post  8s. 

This  book — written  by  an  acknowledgec 
authority — gives  a  short  and  simpk 
account  of  common  troubles  met  with 
in  gardens,  and  the  most  effective 
methods  of  dealing  with   them. 

A  prospectus  of  the  volume  and  a  coinpleti 
catalogue  of  books  in  the  "  Country 
Life "  Library  will  be  sent  post  free  on 
application  to 

The  Manager,  "Country  Life," 

20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 

HOME-BREWED     WINES     AND     UNFER- 

MENTED  BEVERAGES  for  all  seasons  of  the  year.  B> 
.\NKE  AUATETJE.  A  helpful  booklet  containing  also  recipes  fo 
invalid  drinks,  and  published  at  9d.,  post  free  lid.,  at  the  office? 
of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  .Street,  W.C.2. 


July  2,   1921 


GARDEN. 


-3^^=*^ 


BRITAIN'S    GREAT    CABBAGE.— WEBB  S 

EJIPEUOR  CABBAGE,  for  July  and  August  sowing.  The 
earliest  and  most  popular  "Spring"  Cabbase  in  cultivation. 
Remarkably  tree  from  any  tendency  to  "bolt."  6d.  and  1/- 
per  packet;  1/9  per  ounce,  post  free.  Mr.  G.  Ellwood,  Head 
Gardener  to  W.  H.  Myers.  Esq..  writes  : — "  I  should  like  to 
testify  to  the  e-  cellence  of  your  Emperor  Cabbage  ;  it  is  really 
a  cem.  flt  for  private  gardeners  or  market  growers  alike,  and  oi 
splendid  quality."  Mr.  Arthur  Blood.  The  Cottages,  Rudding- 
toD.  writes  : — "  I  have  had  a  marvellous  crop  of  your  '  Emperor  ' 
Cabbage.  I  sold  some  of  the  plants  to  other  allotment  holders, 
and  all  have  been  well  sati'^fled  with  the  results,  both  as  regards 
early  maturing,  size  and  quality." — Webb  &  Sons,  Ltd.,  The 
King's  Seedsmen.  Stourbridge. 


WATERERS'  GOLD   MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

DROXS,  Azalras,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifer?,  Japane?e  Cderries, 
Maples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants, 
Perennial  Irises,  etc. — JoHS  Wateeer,  Soss  &  CRISP,  Ltd.; 
Basshot,  Surrey,  Twyford,  Berlis  and  London. 


GREENHOUSE  PAINTING  AND  GLAZING. 

— ■•  VITKOLITE '■  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
gall.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  putty,  36/-  per 
cwt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins,  3/6  each,  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
—Full  particulars  from  Walter  Carson  &  Sons,  Grove  Works, 
Battersea.     Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


RARE    SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

Cliinese     Khododendrons,     Alpines     (pot    grown),     Herbaceous 
Plants,  Bulbs,  etc.     Write  for  Catalogues    G.  Reuthe,  Keston. 

Kent. 


WAKELEY'S   PATENTED    HOP   MANURE. 

— Th»'     only     reliable    and     complete    substitute    for     Stabk 
manure.     Soe  advert,  on  p.  \iii. 


WM.   DUNCAN   TUCKER    &    SONS,    LTD., 

Lawrence     Road,     South     Tottenham,     N. 15.— Conservatories, 
Wint.  r  Gardens.  Vineries,  Peach  Houses,  Portable  Buildings,  Ac. 


KATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT    PESTS, 

caterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
uisecticide.  Cartons  to  make  10  gal.,  2/- ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
Sold  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  &c.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
name  ilcDoroALL  Bros..  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 
Established  1845.  


NETTING,    for   protecting    fruit    and     seeds 

from  ravages  of  birds  ;  small  mesh.  40  yds.  long,  1  yd.  wide, 
55.  6d. ;  40  by  2,  lis. ;  40  by  3,  16s.  6d.  40  by  4.  22s. ;  40  by 
5,  27s.  6d.  ;  40  by  6,  333.— H.  EoBINSON  &  Co.,  Net  Works, 
Rye.  Sussex.  


STOUT    STRONG    NETS     for    tennis    court 

bordering,  with  lines  top  and  bottom.  25  yds.  long,  2  yds.  wide. 
253. ;  25  by  3,  32s. ;  25  by  4,  50s.  Odd  pieces  of  Netting  for 
Bash  work,  etc..  4s.  bundle.  All  sent  carriage  paid.— 
H.  Robinson  &  Co.,  Net  Works,  Eye,  Sussex. 


WATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12  6, 

larriage  paid,  diflerent  colours  ;  choice  waterside  plants.  10/6 
loz.,  Alpines  6/-.  9/-  and  11/-  per  doz..  all  different,  named  and 
post  free.  Catalogues  gratis. — Bowell  &  Skareatt,  Nurseries, 
Cheltenham.  

'KLUBROOTA"  EFFECTIVELY  DISPOSES 

5f  the  Club  Root  disease.  Full  particulars  as  to  use.  14  lbs., 
)/-;  28  lbs.,  7/6;  56  lbs.,  10/6  ;  112  lbs.,  17/6,  carr.  paid. 

«  TOMATOGEN  "— THE    FINEST   TOMATO 

MANURE  on  tlu-  market.  Produces  extraordinarily  heavy  crops. 
14  lbs.,  3/6;  28  lbs.,  7/6;  56  lbs.,  10/6;  112  lbs.,  17/6,  carr.  paid. 

PLANTOGEN  GUANO  makes  Fruits,  Flowers, 

md  Vi'getables  grow  better  than  they  ever  grew  before.  Price. 
14  lbs.,  5/6;  28  lbs.,  8/6;  56  lbs.,  13/-;  112  lbs.,  27/6,  carr.  paid. 

SLUGS   AND  SNAILS,   WIREWORMS   AND 

rULUSWORMS,  and  all  soil  vermin,  quickly  destroyed  by 
'Verminite."  141bs.,  5/6;  281bs.,  7/6;  561bs..  9/6;  112  lbs.. 
15/6,  can.  paid.  — Planiooen  Guano  Co.,  122d,  Park  View, 


STORING    VEGETABLES    AND    FRUITS ; 

Tith  chapters  on  "  Drying  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
fire."  Bv  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
)y  post,  i Id.— Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Countet  Life," 
Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


FHE  CULTURE  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— 

3y  H.  Wells,  Freely  illustrated.  Paper  covers,  2/6  net : 
loth,  3/6  net ;  by  post  4d.  extra.  Published  at  the  Offlccii 
it  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  W.C.2. 


BARR'S  FLOWER  &  VEGETABLE  SEEDS 

FOR  JUNE  &  JULY  SOLVING.— Finest  selected  strains  and 
tested  growth.  Descriptive  list  free.— Baer  &  SONS,  11,  12  &  13, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C,2. 

THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our   wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Kigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers. — J.  Douglas,  Great 
Book  ham. 

JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,    Builders   of    Conser- 

vitorii'S,  Greenhouses,  etc..  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  ^Yi^e  :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 

SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR      COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  polids  ;  no  open  flltt-rs  ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everything 
underground.  State  particulars. — William  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 

IRON   AND    WIRE    FENCING   for  gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wirework  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fencing.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Bouxton  &  Paul,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9;  qu.arts,  3/-; 
i-gallon,  4/9;  1-gallon,  7/-;  5-galloDP,  27/6.  From  Seedsmen, 
Nurserj'men  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  manufacturer>  ;  McDouoall 
Bros.,   Ltd.,   Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established   1845. 


RIVERS'   FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  flrst-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  Rivers  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and      Rectangular      Stone 

Gardru  Pavings,  Copings,  St«ps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Kocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — HODSON  &  Son,  55,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham. 


J.    WOOD,    Garden    Architect.  —  Rock    and 

Water  Gardr-us,  Walls  and  Formal  Gardens. — 56,  Fitzroy  Street, 
London.  W.l,  and  at  Leeds. 


TENNIS  COURT   BOUNDARY  NETTING.— 

Fitted  with  strong  lines.  r25yds.  by  2yds.,  20/- ;  25yds.  by  3yd8. 
26/- ;  25yd3.  by  4yds.,  34/-. — Hawthorn,  Dept.  B,  Shrewsbury. 


LAXTON'S    STRAWBERRIES.  — Pot   plants 

and  open  ground  runners  of  all  the  best  new  varieties  and  the 
old  favourites  can  now  be  booked  for  early  delivery.  Catalogues 
gratis  on  application. —  Laxton  Brothers.  Bedford. 


AQUILEGIA  GLANDULOSA,  true  Forres  var. 

— ;J  Plants  for  2/-  free;  also  ILsts  of  Rock  plants.  Seeds  and 
S«'  lUings.  from  one  of  the  largest  collections. — Rev.  Anderson, 
Glenn  Hall.  Leicester. 


FRENCH      HOUSEHOLD      COOKING.       By 

Mks.  Frances  Kevzer.  2/- ;  in  cloth,  3/- ;  postage  4d. 
extra.  The  fourth  edition  of  this  strikingly  successful  little 
book  contains  special  chapters  on  Evening  Meals  and  Vegetarian 
Menus  which  will  be  eagerly  welcomed  by  all  housekeepers. 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Codntry  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


WATERBUTTS.— For  disposal,  several  strong, 

sound,  chestnut  wood  Wine  Casks,  about  120  gallons  capacity, 
203.  each,  net  cash,  f.o.r.,  London. — Fletcher.  Fletcher  &  Co., 
Ltd.,  Vibrona  Laboratories,  Holloway,  London,  N.7. 


"ONE   IS   NEARER   GOD'S   HEART  IN   A 

GARDEN."  The  author  of  these  oft-quoted  lines  is  DOROTHY 
Frances  Gxirney,  and  the  poem  is  to  be  found  in  a  collection 
of  her  verses  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  COPNTRT  LIFE " 
(6/3  net).  A  prospectus  of  the  volume  will  be  sent  free  on 
application  to  The  Manager,  20,  Ta\1stock  Street,  W.C.2. 


THE   GARDENS   OF   ITALY.— New  Edition 

Edited  by  ARTHtiR  T.  BOLTON,  F.S.A.,  with  nearly  500  superb 
illustrations;  63/-  net.  Full  particulars  of  this  beautiful 
volume  will  be  sent  on  application  to  The  Manager,  "  ConNTRY 
LITE"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.0.2. 


SUTTON'S   STOCKS 

for  early  flowering  next  season  should  be  sown  now.  • 
Brompton.  Sutton's  Express  (Pale  Rose),  pt-r  packet.  1/6. 
Sutton's  Spring  Bedding  (White,  Scarlet  and  Light  Blue), 
each  per  packet,  1/6. 
_^         Sutton's  Spring  Bcdder  (Pink),  per  packet,  1/6.^ 
SUTTON  &   SONS.  THE    KING'S   SEEDSMEN.  READING. 


A  KELWAY  COLOUR  BORDER  provides  a 

complete  garden  of  enduring  beauty  from  Spring  to  Autumn 
without  the  trouble  and  expense  of  constant  digging  or  bcdding- 
out.  Plans  made  now  for  Autumn  planting. — Particulars 
obtainable  from  Retail  Plant  Department.  KelwaY  &  SON, 
Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted,  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


sow   NOW— BATH'S   EMPRESS  PANSIES, 

as  grown  for  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Frogmore.  The  richest  and 
largest  flowering  strain  of  Pansies  extant.  Per  packet  2/6  and 
1/6  post  free  for  cash  with  order.  R.  H.  Bath,  Ltd.  (Dept.  E.), 
The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND   ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


WALLACE'S        RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.     List  free.— R.   Wallace   &   Co.,    Ltd..   The   Old 
Gardens,  Tunbridge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.      Catalogue     (No.     4)     free.— 
MOORTON,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


GARDEN       NETTING.  —  Prompt     delivery. 

SOvrts.  bv  4vds.,  16,6  :  25yds.  bv  8vds  ,  17/6.  STOUT  NEW 
NETTING  (Tanned),  25yds.  by  4yds  ,  29/6 ;  50yds.  by  4yd3., 
56/9.  other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also  Termis  Boundary  Nets. — 
The  Gocrock  Ropework  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


ROCKERY     PLANTS     SPECIALITY  —  List 

free. — TERRY  Lee,  16,  Morden  Road,  Stecliford,  Birmingham. 

NEW   HYDRANGEA.— Etincelant  (Award  of 

Merit),  bright  rose  pink.  Strong  sturdy  plants  of  this  wonderful 
variety,  ex-60's  pots,  price  7/6  each.  Carriage  and  packing  free. 
— .ARTHUR  YOUNO.  Oxted.  Surrey. 


CHOICE   DAFFODILS.  — Write   for   Herbert 

Chapman's  Annual  List  of  Bargain  Lots,  now  ready. — Address: 
Herbert  Ch.\pmaN,  Ltd.,  Rothersidc  Gardens.  Rye,  Sussex. 


IRON       FENCING,       GATES,       RAILINGS, 

Hurdles,  Tree  Guards,  Rose  and  Netting  Stakes.  Wire-netting 
Espalier  Fittings,  Arches,  Wirework,  Poultry  Fence,  Dog  Kennel 
Railing,  Stable  Fittings,  Fodder  Bins,  Cattle  Cribs,  Troughs, 
Corrugated  Sheets,  Black  Varnish  for  preservation  of  Ironwork, 
tc.    Catalogue  free. — Hill  &  Sotth,  Ltd.,  Brierley  Hill. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  MOST  OF  IT.  A  new  and  practical  booklet  by  the  late 
W.  Trcelove.  9d.  net;  by  post,  lid.  Published  at  the 
offices  of  ■'  Country  Lite,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

,\  thoroughly  practical  and  well  illustrated  book  on  these 

beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  LaiirenOE  J.  CoOK, 
is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is  published 
at  the  offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Llfe,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


GARDENS    OLD    AND    NEW.      Edited   by 

II.  AVRAY  Tipping,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  Only  a  few  copies  remain 
of  these  rare  and  beautiful  volumes  ;  £2  12/6  net  each.  Published 
at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY  LiFB,"  LTD.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE      HARDY      FLOWER      BOOK.  —  By 

E.  H.  Jenkins.  The  second  edition  of  this  practical  and 
beautif  Jlly  illustrated  book  is  now  on  sale,  price  3/6  net.  by  post 
3/10.  An  illustrated  prospectus  sent  post  free  on  application  to 
The  Manager  "  CotrNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  St..  W.C.2 


HOCKEY,  GOLF,  CROQUET  AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative wTiters,  are  published  at  the  Offices  of  '  CorsTRY 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  TaWstock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  \V.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


IV. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  2,    1921. 


lillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllir 

FERN  SPORES.  I 


I  RYDERS   OFFER    MANY  | 

s  Of  the  most  desirable  sorts  for  the  Stove  e 

=  Greenhouse  &  the  shady  border,  in  6d.  pkts,  = 

=  STOVE    FERNS — Adiantum    concinnum,    A.  = 

=  ciincntttm    Pacottii,   A.    excisum    niul-  = 

=  tifidum,       A.       fragrantissimum,       A.  ^ 

=  nigrum,    Lomaria  gibba,   Polypodium  = 

S  phymatodes,      P.     Schneideri,     Pteris  = 

=  longifolia     Mariesii,     P.    aspericaulis  S 

=  tricolor,  T.  Wimsettii.  = 

=  GREENHOUSE    FERNS— Adiantum    capillus-  = 

~  veneris,    A.    Williamsii,  Anemia    phyl-  = 

=  litidis,      Aspleniuni      bulbiferum,      A.  = 

=  nidus,   A.  nigrum,  Cystoptera   canari-  E 

=  ensis,  Davallia  bullata,  D.  canariensis,  ^ 

=  Nothochlaena  lanuginosa,  N.  Maranta,  ^ 

=  Polypodium  punctatum,  Pteris  arguta,  = 

=  P.      argyraea,      Pteris     cretica    albo-  = 

=  lineata,      P.    tremula,     P.t.     Smithii,  = 

=  Woodwardia  radicans.  = 

=  TREE    FERNS— Alsophila    australis,    A.  § 

H  excelsa,     Blechnum     Brasiliense,     B.  = 

=  occidentalis,      Cyathea      dealbata,  ~ 

=  Cyathea  insignis,  C.  medullaris,  Dick-  = 

^  sonia  antarctica.  ~ 

~  HARDV    FERNS — Aspidium    aculeatum,    A.  ^ 

=  falcatum    fortunei,    A.    filix    foemina,  = 

=  A.    molle,    Asplenium    athyrium    filix  = 

H  foemina,        A.a.f.f.        multifurcatum,  ^ 

=  A.a.f.f.  pulclierrima,  A.a.f.f.  Victoriae.  H 

I  EVERYTHING  FOR  THE  GARDEN  | 

—  Seeds.      Bulbs,      Plants,      Tools       and  ^ 
^  Garden  Sundries.     All  Lists  Free  from  ~ 

I  RYDERS  (Seed  Dept.11),  ST.  ALBANS  I 

—  (Ryllo-  &  Son  aOMl.  Ltd.)  = 

^illllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliiiiiiT; 


You  will    use  less 
wash 


and  do  far  moie  good  with 
an  Abol  Syringe,  because  of 
its  perfect  spray,  which  may 
be  varied  from  fine  to  medium 
or  coarse,  as  desired.  Not  a 
drop  of  wash  is  wasted. 

Abol  Patent  Syringes  are 
specially  recommended  by 
the  National  Rose  Society. 

No.  4,  19/6;  No.  5,  24/-  ; 
No.  6,  30/-.  Bend  "A,"  not 
included,  but  extra  2/4. 

Of  Nurserymen,  Iron- 
mongers, etc.  Sole  pro- 
prietors and  manufacturers, 
Abol  Limited,  9,  Beltring, 
Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 

Let  us  send  you  our  Guide 
to  Garden  Pests,  gratis  and 
post  free. 


Abol 
Syrin  ges 


prevent    waste 


A  Booklet  contain-      .  . 
Ing      the      moot     '■ 
Reliable    Qa  rd  en 
Requleites    for    the 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


Successful  Cultiva- 
H     tion     of     Fruit, 
Flowers  and   Vege- 
tables   (post     free). 


r-4««»i5r  •" """  '!>^mmiKm99f»MMjm  % 


Wasp-proof    EnveSopes. 


For  Protecting  Grapes, 
Peaches,  Nectarines,  Pears, 
Apples,  etc  Made  in  the 
following  sizes  : — 

9x  12    lOx  15   12  X  18-in.deep 
77/6    90/-      120/-  gross. 


Hexagon    Mesh    Netting 

Cut  to  any  length  in  the  following  widths  : 
No.   2  Strength  (extra  strong) 


DIAM.      WHEN     OPEN— 
Hexagon — 

5x7      7x9 
43/6  »  67/6  gross 


for    Fruit     Protection. 

2  3         4         5  6ft.  wide. 

10d.     1/3     18      2  1         2/6  per  yd.  run. 


PACKING   MATERIALS  FOR  ALL  PURPOSES 


Specially  constructed  Baskets  and  Hampers  for  Safe  Delivery  by  Post  or  Rail  of 
FRUIT,      FLOWERS,     VEGETABLES,      EGGS.      ETC. 

lA/ftOL^         WOOD,     PAPER    AND    COTTON  DADE?DC       TISSUE,    PACKING     &    KITCHEN 

VVVrU'k^  OF     THE     BEST     QUALITY.  r'Mf'IirSO       ALL  EXCEPTIONALLY    STRONQ. 

80XC0RDS,      PARCEL     TWINES     AND     STRINQS. 


W<"  WOOD  &  SON  ^" 

(LATE     OF     WOOD     QREENl 
xri  r   PHONE     BURNHAM     79 
iLLLGR(.MS     "GARDENIMG.     TAPIOW." 


"THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


Nofes   From  Maidstone. 


■■  PUNCH"  IN   THE 
GARDEN. 


The  sprihtly  pen  o) 
"  Evoe  ''  in  a  recent  issue  of 
"  Punch"  dealt  with  various 
pests  of  the  garden,  includ- 
ing the  visitor  who  always 
points  out  diseases,  and 
other  unpleasant  tilings. 

"Come  and  look  at  this 
apple  tree  !  ' ' 

I  came  and  found  the 
trunk  covered  with  a  kind  of 
white  wool,  like  whiskers . 

"That's  American 
Blight,"  he  told  me. 

"  What  ought  I  to  do,"  I 
asked,  "write  to  the  Foreign 
Office  about  it  ?  " 

A  more  rapid  cure  is,  we 
suggest,  a  bottle  of  our 
Blight  Cure,  which  we  can 
send,  post  free  for  1  quart, 
5j-;^  gallon,  7/6.  Brushes 
for  applying  same,  9d.  each. 

George  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
The  Royal  Nurseries, 

Maidstone. 


WILLIS    BROS.' 

Garden  Fertilizer 


A  REAL    MANURE 

NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE. 
NO     STABLE     MANURE     REQUIRED. 

For  digging  in  or  as  a  top  dressing.     F<ir  Kitchen 

Garden  and  Herbaceous  Borders. 
We   are   constantly    receiving    orders    and    testi- 
monials trom  satisfied  users  both  on  heavy  and 

light  soils. 

1  cwt.,  17/6  :  ^-cwt.,  10  - :  28  lbs..  6/-  ;  per  ton  £16  10. 

All  Carriage  Paid. 


SOLUBLE 


TOMATO     MANURE 

as  supplifd  largely  to  market  growers. 
30/-  per  cwt. ;  56  lbs.,  16/- ;  28  lbs..  8/B.  Carriage  paid. 


REAL  NEW  PERUVIAN  GUANO. 

(Just  arrived.) 

10%  Ammonia,  25%  Phosphates,  2%  Potash. 

lcwt..S7/6;  ^cwt.,20-;   281bs..1i;-.     Carr.  paid. 

BAMBOO  CANES.     Best  Solid  Quality. 

4  ft.  Thin,  6:-,  4  ft.  MeJ..  8(-.4  ft.  Stout.  12|- per  II  0; 

5  ft.,  14/-,  6  ft.,  17;G,  7  ft.,  22,6  per  100. 
Bamboo  Tips,  45  in.  6/-  100  ;  50/-  lOOO.    Carr.  paid. 

GOOD    HEAVY    GARDEN    NETS 


25  yds.  by  8  yds.,  55/-;    50  yds.  by  4  yds. 
Carriat-'e  paid. 


35/-. 


Bone     Meals,      Superphosphate,      Nitrate     of 

Soda,  Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Kainlt,  Sulphate 

of  Potash,  Basic  Slag,  etc.,  supplied. 

Send    fur    our    list    of    Garden     Manures    ar.d 
Horticultural  Sundries.     Free  on  application. 

iiaiiiaiA     nnAA         Horticultural    ManuFe 

WILLIS  BROS.,  -J^^H^H^i^s 


No  a589-V0L  LXXXV]        NOTES   OF   THE   WEEK 


[July  2,  1921. 


ON  the  day  the  great  Rose  Show  at 
I  Regents  Park  is  in  progress  this 
issue  will  be  in  the  hands  of  many 
readers.  Because  of  the  prolonged 
drought  it  is  doubtful  if  the  blooms 
will  be  up  to  their  usual  high  standard.  Even  so, 
we  may  expect  there  wiU  be  some  which  are  likely 
to  provoke  disgust  with  the  visitors'  own  poorer 
specimens.  This  has  been  a  season  full  of  troubles 
for  the  Rose-grower,  who  has  had  his  work 
heavily  increased  by  the  prevalence  of  green  fly 
and  other  pests  which  have  been  so  much  in 
evidence  this  year. 

Holland  House  Again. — After  a  lapse  of  some 
years  the  Holland  House  Show  will  be  resumed 
this  year  at  Kensington  on  July  3,  6  and  7- 
Although  never  on  such  a  large  scale  as  the  premier 
fixture  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  this 
Show  is  among  the  most  important  in  the  horti- 
cultural world.  A  leading  nurseryman  with 
whom  we  were  in  conversation  recently,  was 
greatly  puzzled  to  know  what  to 
exhibit  at  Kensington.  The  prolonged 
drought  has  undoubtedly  provided  pro- 
blems to  all  exhibitors,  but  the  visiting 
public  does  not  generally  realise  this, 
though  they  are  quick  enough  to  com- 
plain over  the  puzzles  presented  in  their 
own  gardens.  Unless  we  are  mistaken, 
when  the  time  comes,  those  who  go  to 
Holland  House  will  see  that  our  nursery- 
men have  triumphed  once  more.  But 
then  the  Britisher's  happiness  when  over- 
coming obstacles  is  equalled  only  by  his 
joy  in  grumbling  when  they  have  been 
overcome  ! 

The  Clay  Cup. — At  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Show  on  June  21 
last  the  Clay  Cup  was  awarded  to 
Mr.  Walter  Easlea  for  his  new  H.T. 
Rose  Prince  of  Wales,  as  being  the 
most  fragrant  new  variety.  It  appears 
to  be  a  very  showy  garden  Rose,  but 
the  foliage  unfortunately  suggests  a 
susceptibility  to  mildew.  Prince  of 
Wales  is  a  fairly  large,  rather  loosely 
made  bloom  of  rosy-cerise  colour. 

Removing  Suckers  From  Fruit  Trees. 

Suckers  from  fruit  trees  are  more 
numerous  than  usual  owing  no  doubt  to 
the  mild  season  which  has  been  favour- 
able for  their  growth.  In  many  cases  this 
year  we  have  noticed  in  gardens 
that  these  unnecessary  and  superfluous 
growths  have  been  allowed  to  thrive  un- 
disturbed. To  allow  these  suckers  or 
basal  roots  to  grow  unchecked  is  detri- 
mental to  the  health  of  the  tree  and  is  a 
serious    menace   to    future    fruitfulness 


Plum  trees  are,  perhaps,  the  worst  offenders  for  send- 
ing up  suckers,  bush  trees  excepted.  Suckers  should 
be  carefully  removed.  The  best  plan  is  to  remove 
the  soil  around  the  sucker  and  to  sever  it  from  the 
roots  from  whence  it  springs.  Suckers,  if  removed 
carefully  from  Gooseberry  and  Currant  bushes 
with  roots  attached,  will  in  a  year  or  so  develop 
into  good  plants.  For  this  purpose  the  suckers 
are  best  removed  in  the  autumn  or  early  winter. 
The  Pyramidal  Rockloll.— The  variety  pyra- 
midalis  of  Saxifraga  Cotyledon  is  one  of  the  gems 
in  the  rock  garden  in  flower  at  the  present  time. 
It  is  admittedly  among  the  finest  and  largest  of  the 
alpine  Rockfoils  in  cultivation.  Of  robust  habit, 
it  bears  sprays  2ft.  to  4ft.  in  length,  each  carrying 
innumerable  white  flowers  speckled  crimson. 
The  position  in  which  this  variety  is  happiest  is 
in  fissures  between  rocks,  which  permit  full  develop- 
ment of  the  arching  sprays.  It  has  additional 
merit  of  attractiveness  in  the  alpine  house,  where  it 
should  be  grown  in  pans. 


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«v 

THE  PYRAMIDAL  ROCKFOIL   GROWING  IN  A  FISSURE  BE'nVEEN 
ROCKS 


The  Sea  lavender. — One  of  the  most  striking 
flowers  in  the  markets  at  the  moment  is  Statice 
Suworom,  which  is  being  sold  largely,  both  as 
pot  plant  and  cut  flower.  It  is  a  hardy  annual 
and  quite  easy  to  grow,  so  that  it  becomes  a 
matter  for  regret  that  while  the  market  man 
has  fully  realised  its  merits  gardeners  have  not 
done  so.  In  the  border  the  pretty  lUac  colour 
is  very  uncommon,  and  the  flowers  last  a  very 
long  time  when  cut.  The  value  of  the  Statices 
for  associating  with  Helichrysums  and  other 
everlastings  for  winter  bouquets  is  more 
appreciated  across  the  Channel  than  in  this 
country. 

A  Beautiful  Weed.— Travellers  by  the  Midland 
Railway  to  London  cannot  fail  to  have  noted 
the  graceful  beauty  of  several  masses  of  Epilobium 
angustifolium  on  the  embankment  just  before 
St.  Pancras  Station  is  reached.  This  Willow 
Herb,  or  Rose  Bay,  is  quite  one  of  the  hand- 
somest of  our  native  plants,  and  were  it  not  so 
aggressive  every  gardener  would  grow 
it,  but  once  introduced  into  a  flower 
border  it  becomes  a  difficult  matter 
to  keep  it  within  reasonable  bounds. 
When  we  consider  that  it  is  by  no 
means  a  common  weed  this  prolificacy 
is  surprising,  but  none  the  less  regret- 
table. There  must  be  large  quantities 
growing  somewhere  near  London  to 
account  for  its  being  sold  by  so  many 
street  hawkers  during  the  past  week  or 
so.  Although  not  altogether  a  desirable 
border  plant,  the  Epilobium  is  most 
charming  in  the  woodland  and  wild 
garden.  Principally  in  the  West  of 
England,  various  railway  embankments 
are  now  brilliant  with  masses  of  red 
Valerian,  which  finds  sufficient  nourish- 
ment in  most  unpromising  places ; 
and  not  far  from  Plymouth  there 
used  to  be,  and  no  doubt  still  con- 
tinues, a  goodly  stretch  of  the  white 
variety  growing  on  an  almost  perpen- 
dicular rocky  cutting.  Unlike  the 
Willow  Herb,  the  Valerians  are  par- 
ticularly good  border  plants,  and  while 
they  do  not  acquire  more  than  their 
allotted  space,   are  easily  increased 

Trials  at  Wisley.  —  The  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  wiU  carry  out 
trials  of  autumn-sown  Cabbages  and 
Onions  in  their  gardens  at  Wisley 
during  the  coming  season.  Seeds  for 
trial  should  reach  the  Director,  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Gardens,  Wisley. 
Ripley,  Surrey  (from  whom  the  neces- 
sary entry  forms  may  be  obtained)  on 
or  before  July  15. 


326 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  2,  1921. 


SUN  LOVERS  IN  THE  MOUNTON  HOUSE  GARDENS 


THE  unusual  persistency  of  the  sunshine, 
which  this  year  has  made  summer  of 
our  spring,  has  given  emphasis  and 
prominence  to  the  sun  lovers  among  the 
denizens  of  our  gardens.  Subjects  which 
prefer  partial  shade  and  much  moisture  have  too 
often  had  a  hang- dog  and  dejected  look  when 
separated  from  pond  or  hose.  But  the  Rock  Roses, 
whether  they  be  of  the  Cistus  or  of  the  Helianthe- 
mum  family,  have  never  been  happier,  or  afforded 
more  joy  to  their  human  friends,  to  whom  it  has 
been  brought  home,  that  even  with  our  climate, 
the  sun  garden,  if  its  possibilities  and  characteristics 
are  understood  and  provided  for,  may  be  made 
into  a  little  world  of  extraordinary  brilliancy, 
ample  variety,  and  strong  individuality.  And  if 
this  year  has  been  and  continues  to  be  especially 
favourable  to  it,  yet  it  need  be  no  failure  or  blot 
in  seasons  when  the  normal  amount  of  rain  and 
cloud  prevail.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the 
sun  garden  in  persistent  wet  is  less  depressing  than 
the  water  garden  when  long  drought  has  dried  up 
the  stream  and  parched  the  ground  Rock  Roses 
were  happy  and  attractive  enough  last  year  when 
skies  were  resolutely  overcast,  but  now  I  see  about 
me  many  a  despairing  Primula  and  withering 
Astilbe  which  had  been  set  hopefully  in  places 
that  were  intended  to  keep  damp,  but  are  now 
playing  at  being  little  Saharas.  Where  partial 
shade  is  present  and  water  is  persistent  to  the 
extent  of  still  allowing  thirsty  plants  to  drink  their 
fill,  it  is  deUcious  to  linger  and  lie  during  the  long 


winter  was  as  favourable  for  this  class  as  the  spring, 
and  I  noticed  that  the  late  April  frosts,  which 
killed  the  new  shoots  and  expanding  foliage,  not 
only  of  half  hardy  exotics  such  as  Fuchsias  and 
Hydrangeas,  but  even  of  such  robust  natives  as 
Ivy.  did  not  sear  a  single  Cistus  leaf  or  cause  to 
drop  a  single  Cistus  bud  And  the  bloom  buds  were 
already  there ;  AprU,  indeed,  had  not  seen  its  last 
day  before  a  blossom  of  Cistus  purpureus  expanded 
its  three-inch  width.  Yet  it  is  the  least  hardy 
member  of  the  family  among  the  many  grown  here, 
just  as  the  equally  desirable  Cistus  Loreti  is  the 
hardiest.  The  winter  of  1917.  if  it  produced  end- 
less empty  spaces  in  border  and  shrubbery,  at  least 
had  the  merit  of  providing  a  very  complete  and 
definitive  frost  test.  Whatever  lived  through  it 
may  well  be  pronounced  a  permanence,  so  far 
as  cold  is  concerned,  in  the  situation  it  was 
then  in. 

The  four  bushes  of  CLstus  Loreti  seen  in  the  illus- 
tration were  then  where  they  are  now,  against  a 
building  indeed,  but  where  the  east  wind  could 
reach  them  to  a  considerable  extent.  Yet  the 
east  wind,  on  more  than  one  occasion  during  that 
winter,  .was  about  as  inimical  to  life,  animal  or 
vegetable,  as  it  knows  how  to  make  itself,  and  it 
has  not  got  to  be  in  much  of  a  temper  to  show  its 
qualities.  Anyhow  it- — straight  off  and  at  the 
first  attempt — -ended  the  young  lives  of  every 
Cistus  purpureus  that  I  had  left  out  of  doors, 
although  I  had  set  them  with  backing  against  its 
blast.       Quite  otherwise   with   Cistus   Loreti.      It 


CISTUS    LORETI    AGAINST    A    TEA    HOUSE    FACING    SOUTH-EAST. 


hours  ruled  by  the  blazing  sun  and  arid  wind. 
But  how  equally  delicious  it  is  to  go  forth  early, 
when  the  shadows  are  stiU  long  and  the  air  stUl 
cool  and  see  the  myriads  of  ephemeral  blooms  that 
have  just  begun  their  short  life  under  the  best  and 
brightest  conditions.  The  chosen  position,  on  the 
open  surmy  bank,  or  against  the  south  wall, 
essential  most  years  for  the  survival  of  the  plant 
that  produces  them,  is  not  more  than  it  can  bear 
this  year — offers  indeed  the  conditions  that  enable 
it  to  reach  its  highest  natural  development.      The 


withstood  every  attack  and ,  emerged  into  the 
eventual  spring  season  with  scarce  a  brown  leaf, 
quite  beating  in  that  respect  its  big  and  reputedly 
sturdy  cousin,  Cistus  ladaniferus,  which,  wherever 
placed,  did  not  come  through  the  fray  without  some 
loss  of  limb,  although  never  with  loss  of  hfe.  The 
same  can  be  said  of  such  other  members  of  the 
family  as  creticus  and  florentinus  which,  though 
more  or  less  maimed  and  needing  cutting  back,  had, 
in  almost  every  case,  vigour  for  recovery.  Nor 
were  the  yellow  algarvensis  and  formosus  without 


survivors  and  there  has  been  nothing  to  stop  growth 
and  development  since  then.  Whether,  on  low 
ground,  in  heavy  soil  and  enclosed  site,  Cistusessuffer 
during  a  very  wet  and  frostless  winter  such  as  we 
last  had,  I  am  not  sure.  With  me,  in  full  exposure 
to  air  and  sun,  and  the  drainage  that  is  natural  to 
hanky,  fairly  porous  ground  overlaying  limestone 
rock,  even  a  heavy  and  sustained  dose  of  the 
autumn  and  winter  damps  that  the  West  Country  is 
apt  to  provide,  is  not  detrimental,  does  not  produce 
sappy,  leafy,  non-flowering  growths.  Only  in  one 
instance,  where  a  plant  of  Cistus  Loreti  had  been 
unwisely  set  in  an  airless  shady  corner,  did  debility 
set  in  and  removal  to  the  rubbish  heap  ensue. 
Everywhere  else  the  Cistuses  have  been  and  are  still 
blooming  profusely  and  to  the  tips  of  tlieir  ample 
last  year's  growths.  Of  any  variety  of  at  all  doubt- 
ful hardiness  cuttings  are  always  taken  in  the 
autumn — a  practice  which  fortunately  did  not 
wholly  cease  even  in  the  war  years,  when  propaga- 
tion was  apt  to  be  set  down  as  one  of  the  non- 
essentials which  might  be  for  a  time  foregone. 
Thus  the  defunct  group  of  Cistus  purpureus  could 
be  replaced  in  the  May  of  1917  with  new  plants, 
diminutive  indeed,  but  so  ready  to  take  advantage 
of  all  opportunity  for  development  that  some  of 
them,  in  a  border  and  half  a  dozen  feet  from  a 
wall,  are  now  corpulent  bushes  5ft.  6ins.  high, 
decked  out  daily  from  dawn  to  the  coming  of 
evening  with  a  covering  of  purple  spotted  pink 
muslin.  They  are  not  of  those  members  of  the 
family  that  hasten  to  shed  their  beauty  while  the 
sun  is  high,  for  even  on  the  hottest  of  recent  days 
I  have  found  a  fair  sprinkling  of  blooms  holding  on 
well  into  the  twilight.  Free  of  attack  from  disease 
or  pest,  this  variety  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and 
easily  grown  of  flowering  shrubs,  its  facile  striking 
quality  and  rapid  growth  minimising  thedefect  of  its 
occasional  winter  failure.  Of  the  other  pinks, 
although  the  tone  is  rather  hot,  yet  there  is  a  fine 
glow  about  the  hybrid  called  Sunset.  The  white 
section  is  more  numerous,  with  much  variety  in 
size  of  both  bush  and  bloom.  Ladaniferus  I  have 
loft.  high  against  a  wall,  but  the  bushes  of  Loreti 
that  are  illustrated,  scarce  measure  a  yard.  They, 
however,  are  not  trained  against  tlie  wall,  but  grow 
free.  No  doubt  if  the  former  course  were  adopted 
their  stature  might  in  time  be  doubled.  Where 
height  is  desired,  much  can  be  got,  even  out  of  a 
reputedly  dwarf  member  of  a  family,  by  judicious 
cutting  away  at  the  base  and  continued  tying  in 
of  tile  top  growth.  For  instance,  a  nurseryman's 
catalogue,  such  as  Gauntlett's,  will  give  you  ift. 
as  tlie  height  of  Cistus  algarvensis.  But  I  have  a 
specimen  against  a  wall  which  has  reached  7ft.  and 
is  quite  willing  to  go  up  higher  if  invited.  It  is  a 
most  delicately  beautiful  little  thing,  small  in  twig, 
leaf  and  flower,  but  delightful  in  form  and  coloining, 
a  dot  of  crimson  brown  at  the  base  of  each  small 
butter-coloured  petal,  the  flowers  expanding  freely 
from  thin  ruddy  buds  set  on  the  slenderest  of  wiry 
stems.  It  is  about  the  latest  of  the  family  to 
bloom.  Even  this  year,  when  purpureus  was 
not  the  only  one  to  have  an  .\pril  flower, 
and  May  has  been  the  month  of  fullest  bloom, 
mid-June  is  reached  before  algarvensis  bursts 
its  first  bud. 

The  Cistus,  though  it  does  so  well  with  us,  is 
essentially  the  Rock  Rose  of  Southern  Europe, 
but  the  yellow  Helianthemum  is  a  native  of 
our  upland  hedge  banks  and  open  downlands, 
especially  on  the  chalk  and  limestone.  1  presume 
that  a  red  and  a  pink  variety  grow  wild  some- 
where, and  that,  on  being  introduced  to  our 
gardens,  they,  by  accident  and  by  artifice,  have 
bred  a  most  numerous  and  varied  family.     From 


July 


iq2i. 


THE     GARDEN. 


327 


CARPENTARIAS   AGAINST   A  SOUTH-WEST    WALL 


Self  sown  colonies  can  often  be  selected  individuals 
desirable  from  the  shape,  habit  and  colouring 
of  their  blooms,  and,  as  they  strike  readily,  the 
multiplication  of  a  single  plant  is  easy.  But 
scientific  fertilisation  is  now  applied  to  this 
increasingly  popular  family  with  rich  and  varied 
results  and,  in  association  with  Cistuses.  dwarfly 
furnishing  the  front  line  and  the  interx'als,  they 
are  admirable,  their  prostrate  semi-creeping 
habit  especially  suiting  them  to  the  dry  wall  and 
stony  bank. 

The  English  sun  garden  must  not  confine  itself 
to  Europe  for  its  population.  The  Cape  and 
California  supply  it  with  many  desirable  colonists. 
The  former  gives  us  bulbs  such  as  the  Watsonias, 
and  fleshy  rooted  subjects  such  as  Sparaxis 
palcherrima  which  do  well  if  their  idiosyncracies 
are  respected  and  catered  for.  Both  have  lived 
and  bloomed  for  a  decade  at  Mounton,  the  Sparaxis 
not  only  increasing  by  the  development  of 
individual  plants,  but  by  self-set  seed.  As  it 
was  recently  llustrated  and  described  in  The 
G.^RDE-^J,  we  will  at  once  pass  to  Californian 
subjects.  Among  them  is  a  large  class  of  sun- 
loving  Popp>-worts,  such  as  the  Argemones  and 
Romneyas.  Mlied  to  these,  but  of  shrubby 
habit,  is  Dendromecon  rigidum.  It  does  not 
entirely  relish  our  winter  colds  and  damps.  It 
grows  rapidly,  sending  out,  from  the  rootstock 
or  from  the  previous  year's  wood,  great  straight, 
succulent  new  stems,  all  of  which  need  a  long 
season  of.  hot  sun  to  bake  them  to  a  resisting 
hardness.  It  is  not,  therefore,  well  to  encourage 
too   ample    a   growth   by  rich   soil   and   protected 


position.  The  smaller  and 
less  juicy  growth,  which 
is  given  by  a  hot,  dry, 
airy  situation  and  poor, 
rocky,  quick  draining 
ground,  is  the  secret  of 
longevity.  Most  who  have 
grown  it  may  very  likely 
have  to  record,  as  I 
have,  more  deaths  than 
survivals.  But  I  have 
the  latter,  and  aged  six 
years  or  more,  the  elder 
specimen  being  about 
-ft.  high,  but  sparse  in 
growth,  not  from  any 
cutting  back  either  by 
hand  or  frost,  but  from 
the  struggle  for  exist- 
ence in  a  barren  land. 
It  is  rooted  on  a  rocky 
sun-struck  bank,  with  a 
minimum  of  soil,  which 
frees  it  entirely  from  all 
dangerous  plethora  and 
a'dermanic  habit,  and 
gives  it  the  wiry  strength 
and  persistence  of  the 
hardy  mountaineer.  Yet 
there  is  food  enough  for 
flower  production.  The 
recent  mild  winters  have 
spared  even  the  bud- 
holding  tips  of  the 
latest  autumn  growths, 
and  the  flowering  season 
has  begun  in  early  spring 
and  continued  unchecked 
to  the  last  days  of 
summer,  the  well  shaped, 
substantial,  golden  cups 
standing  erect  and 
numerous  in  imending 
succession.  Another 
Californian  shrub,  easier 
to  grow,  and  equally 
admirable,  is  Carpentaria  californica,  of  which  the 
habit  is  well  seen  in  the  illustration.  Its  lanceolate 
evergreen  leaves  bear  the  winter  well.  The 
seven  plants  that  furnish  much  of  the  6ft.  retaining 
wall  between  the  bowling  green  and  the  pergola 
garden  at  Jlounton  have  been  there  these  nine 
years  and  have  never  failed  to  flower.  The 
illustration  shows  part  of  a  couple  of  them  as 
they  were  in  July,  1920.  That  was  a  year  of 
growth  rather  than  of  blossom.  Overtopping  the 
wall,  there  are,  in  this  June,  flowering  shoots 
at  the  height  of  7ft.,  and.  from  base  to  top,  the 
flowering  shoots  predominate.  I  hear  of  this 
shrub  suffering  badly  from  leaf  spot  in  Devon 
and  Cornwall.  That  is  probably  because  the 
position  given  is  too  sheltered.  It  has  a  love  for 
sun  and  air,  and  these  should  be  given  to  the 
fullest  extent  compatible  with  protection  against 
frosty  blast.  The  exposure  at  Mounton  is  south- 
west, the  situation  high,  fully  open  to  the  sky 
and  to  the  rays  of  the  sun  from  11  a.m.  to  sunset. 
The  air  plays  about  and  even,  at  times,  roughly 
buffets  the  shrubs,  but  it  comes  from  the  milder 
quarters  and  the  wither  of  north  and  east  is 
escaped.  Thus  set,  Carpentaria  californica  is 
among  the  most  desirable  and  effective  of  our 
sun-lovers — at  all  seasons  a  showy,  healthy,  well 
furnished  foliage  plant,  and  during  its  fairly  long 
flowering  season  a  real  gem.  The  six  petalled 
white  flowers  average  2  Jins.  across  and  surround 
a  great  tuft  of  golden  stamens.  Stems,  rising 
Straight  and  stiff  Sins,  to  loins.  from  the  leaves, 
bear  a  single  first  flower  at  the  apex,  but  throw 
out    two    pairs   of   side   shoots,    each    with    three 


buds,   the  upper  pair  eventually  overtopping  the 
early  apex  bloom. 

Such  are  a  few  of  the  very  numerous  sun-lovers 
that  greet  me  every  springtide  and  remain  into 
the  summer,  but  which,  this  year,  have  developed 
an  exuberant  prosperity,  a  care-free  gaiety,  which 
are  in  striking  contrast  to  the  economic  and 
mental  condition  of  men,  who  are  yet  able  to  get 
great  solace  therefrom.  H.  .\vr.\v  Tipping. 


MORE    NOTES    ON 
GARDEN    PESTS 

Watch  for  the  Enemies  of  Your  Plants 

and  Do  Not  Let  Them  Entrench 

Themselves 


M: 


AW  a  budding  amateur  who  has 
bubbled  over  with  enthusiasm  when 
first  the  beauty  of  flowers  and  the 
delights  of  gathering  home-grown 
fruits  have  been  realised  has  allowed 
himself  to  become  disheartened  because  of  the 
mischief  worked  by  some  troublesome  and  destruc- 
tive garden  pest.  To  such,  and  indeed  to  all  who 
take  up  gardening  either  as  a  profession  or  a  hobby, 
I  would  point  out  that  a  much  better  plan  than 
worrying  is  to  make  a  study  of  garden  pests  and 
diseases  as  well  as  of  the  plants  and  it  will  soon 
be  found  that  by  learning  to  identify  an  insect  or 
fungus,  when  to  expect  and  where  to  watch  for  its 
appearance,  and  what  weapons  or  materials  to 
use  for  its  destruction,  an  added  and  extremely 
fascinating  interest  is  aroused  in  the  pursuit  of 
gardening  rather  than  a  source  of  distressing 
anxiety.  The  worry  and  disappointment  comes 
when,  through  lack  of  knowledge  and  attention, 
the  enemy  gets  securely  entrenched  and  works 
irreparable  mischief  before  an  attempt  is  made  to 
grapple  with  him. 

In  considering  how  best  I  might  deal  with 
garden  pests  in  these  columns,  I  decided  that  the 
method  that  will  be  most  useful  to  readers  is  to 
deal  from  time  to  time  with  a  few  kinds  of  insects 
or  fungoid  diseases  that  are  likely  to  put  in  an 
appearance  at  or  about  the  time  of  pubUcation. 

Were  I  to  attempt  any  form  of  classification 
it  would  mean  that  I  should  be  dealing  with 
subjects  in  season  and  out  of  season,  and  then, 
maybe,  when  the  right  time  comes,  the  article 
concerning  a  particular  pest  would  not  be  just  at 
hand. 

I  cannot  hope  to  write  upon  everything  just 
at  the  right  moment  to  meet  the  needs  of  every 
reader,  but  the  editorial  enquiry  bureau  is  always 
open  to  receive  requests  for  information  on  any 
particular  trouble,  and  since  prompt  action  is  an 
ingredient  in  every  formula  regarding  treatment 
of  garden  pests,  readers  should  make  a  point  of 
'■  writing  to  the  Editor  about  it." 

Chrysanthemum  Rust. — Growers  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums must  be  on  the  look  out  for  this  troublesome 
fungus,  especially  as  the  long  sustained  drought 
may  very  probably  be  followed  by  a  spell  of  sultry, 
thundery  weather,  when  atmospheric  conditions 
would  be  favourable  to  the  rapid  development  of  the 
disease.  The  scientific  name  of  Chrysanthemum 
leaf  rust  is  Puccinia  hieracii.  Spores  of  the  fungus 
are  blown  or  carried  about  by  the  wind,  or  by 
persons,  birds  or  animals  that  brush  against  host 
plants.  They  may  rest  for  a  time  on  a  leaf  or  stem 
until  a  warm,  moist  atmosphere  enables  them  to 
develop,  when  the  first  sign  of  their  presence  will  be 
a  brownish  spot  like  a  particle  of  snuff  on  the  leaf. 
Of  course,  there  will  probably  be  many  of  these 
spots,  each  of  which  will  rapidly  spread  out  in  all 
duections  until  the  whole  leaf  becomes  brown,  and 


328 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  2,  1921. 


will  then  very  soon  die.  Particular  note  should  be 
made  of  the  fact  that  the  spores  can  develop  on  the 
leaves  of  such  weeds  as  Groundsel,  Thistle  and  a 
good  many  other  of  our  common  weeds,  and  many 
a  batch  of  Chrysanthemums  has  been  ruined  from 
spores  conveyed  from  surrounding  diseased  weeds. 
The  first  preventive  measure  is  obviously  to  keep 
weeds  well  under.  Another  point  is,  it  is  too  late 
to  try  to  cure  the  disease  when  the  leaves  are  seen 
to  be  smothered  with  the  fungus,  for  as  soon  as  the 
spore  becomes  active  it  penetrates  the  surface  of 
the  leaf  and  does  its  damage  among  the  cells  For- 
tunately a  simple  and  harmJess  preparation  can  be 
made  which,  if  sprayed  over  the  plants  at  intervals 
during  summer,  will  kill  any  spores  that  may  alight 
of  the  foliage  before  they  can  gain  a  foothold.  A 
quarter  of  a  pound  of  sulphide  of  potassium  (liver 
of  sulphur)  dissolved  in  ten  gallons  of  water  makes 
an  efficient  fungicide  for  the  purpose.  1  f  the  mixture 
is  to  be  kept  it  should  be  placed  in  stone  jars  with 
the  corks  tied  down,  as  it  loses  its  strength  rapidly 
if  not  kept  airtight.  Of  course,  for  a  small  number 
of  plants,  an  ounce  dissolved  in  two  and  a  half 
gallons  may  be  mixed  and  used  immediately. 

Tomato  Leaf  Spot.— often  just  as  Tomato 
plants  begin  to  make  rapid  growth,  brownish 
yellow  spots  appear  on  the  leaves.  Very  frequently 
this  is  mistaken  as  an  indication  that  more  water 
is  required,  but  that  is  exactly  what  will  aggravate 
the  trouble  which  will  really  be  due  to  an  attack  of 
a  disease  called  Cladosporium  fulvum.  The  same 
mixture  of  sulphide  of  potassium  as  recommended 
for  Chrysanthemum  leaf  spot  will  stop  Clados- 
porium if  attacked  in  its  earliest  stages  ;  but  if  the 
Tomatoes  are  growing  under  glass  it  will  be 
necessary  to  pin  up  newspapers  to  cover  the  wood- 
work before  spraying,  because  sulphide  of  potassium 
discolours  white-lead  paint.  The  use  of  dry 
flowers  of  sulphur  as  a  powder  spray  is  strongly 
to  be  recommended  at  this  season  of  the  year. 
Roses,  fruit  bushes,  indoor  Peaches,  and  a  good 
many  other  subjects  both  under  glass  and  in  the 
open  are  prone  to  attacks  of  mildew  or  other 
fungoid  diseases  that  may  be  kept  at  arm's  length 
by  a  timely  dusting  with  sulphur. 

Celery  Fly. — Already  I  have  seen  Celery  plants 
that  have  fallen  victims  to  the  leaf-mining  maggot, 
which  is  hatched  from  an  egg  deposited  in  the 
flesh  ribs  of  the  leaves  by  the  Celery  fly  (Tephritis 
onopordinus).  The  great  thing  is  to  cover  the 
foliage  with  something  that  will  make  the  leaves 
nauseous  to  the  fly  when  she  comes  along  to  lay 
her  eggs.  A  tar- water  spray  is  the  best  preventive. 
Half  a  pound  of  ordinary  coal  tar  boiled  in  a  gallon 
of  water  and  then  diluted  to  make  fifty  gallons, 
will  make  a  safe  but  eftective  spray,  which  may  also 
be  used  to  keep  the  similar  pest  of  Marguerites 
and  Cinerarias  at  a  safe  distance. 

Watch  Your  Potatoes.— Very  soon  it  will  be 
necessary  to  commence  the  battle  with  the  enemies 
of  Potatoes.  July  is  generally  considered  the  month 
for  the  ordinary  Potato  disease  named  Phytoph- 
thora  infestans,  but  a  great  deal  depends  upon 
weather  conditions.  Even  before  it  is  necessary 
to  commence  using  copper  sulphate  sprays,  it  may 
be  very  necessary  to  use  an  insecticide  The  drought 
has  facilitated  rapid  increase  in  the  aphis  family, 
and  there  are  one  or  two  varieties  of  green  and  red 
fly  that  attack  the  young  tips  and  leaves  of  Potato 
haulm.  In  addition  to  the  weakening  effect  the 
aphis  have  upon  the  stamina  of  the  plant,  there  is 
considerable  danger  that  the  outer  covering  of  the 
leaves  and  stems  will  become  punctured  sufficiently 
to  allow  some  of  the  Bordeaux  mixture  used  to 
check  Phytophthora  to  get  right  into  the  cellular 
structure  of  the  haulm.  When  that  happens  the 
plant  is  poisoned.  On  several  occasions  during 
the  war-time  food  production  campaign  I  had  my 
attention  drawn  to  cases  where  spraying  with 
Bordeaux   mixture   was   alleged   to   have   injured 


the  crops.  Wherever  I  had  opportunity  to  investi- 
gate I  found  that  the  trouble  either  arose  through 
badly  balanced  mixtures  or  to  the  fact  that  aphis 
had  previously  done  much  damage  to  the  foliage. 
It  is  therefore  of  great  importance  that  we  should 
free  Potatoes  from  the  hosts  of  aphides  before  we 
have  to  begin  to  use  copper  sulphate.  It  may  appear 
to  be  making  a  lot  of  tedious  work  to  go  over  a 
big  plot  of  Potatoes,  first  with  an  insecticide  to 


kill  the  fly  and  again  with  Bordeaux  mixture  to 
check  the  Phytophthora,  but  bear  in  mind  the  dry 
weather  has  retarded  development  of  the  Potato 
crops,  early  varieties  are  yielding  very  small 
supplies  and  it  is  incumbent  upon  every  grower 
to  do  his  utmost  to  help  the  maincrops, 
because  a  bad  Potato  harvest  will  add  seriously 
to  the  troubles  of  what  at  best  will  be  a  trying 
winter.  A.   J.   Macself. 


CUT     FLOWERS     AT    SHOWS 

Some  Helpful  Suggestions  for  their  Better  Arrangement 


THE  time  of  flower  shows  is  again  with  us  ; 
the  falling  off  caused  by  the  war  being 
made  good  surprisingly  soon  and  well. 
The  committees  of  most  of  our  country 
shows  offer  in  all  the  principal  cut- 
flower  classes  extremely  generous  and  valuable 
prizes  to  be  competed  for.     I  notice  that  at  the 


The  mistake  most  often  made  in  the  decoration 
of  dinner  tables  with  flowers  is  the  overcrowding 
of  the  same  with  too  many  stands  and  too  many 
flowers  in  a  stand.  In  carrying  out  this  work 
it  should  be  remembered  that  a  dinner — and 
especially  a  public  one — above  all  things  is  a 
sociable    institution,    and    therefore    to    introduce 


AN    EFFECTIVE    METHOD    OF    EXHIBITING    ROSES. 


forthcoming  Floral  Fete  to  be  held  at  Wolver- 
hampton on  July  13  next  that  upwards  of  £400 
are  offered  in  prizes  for  cut  flowers  alone,  including 
/255  for  cut  Roses.  The  classes  for  bouquets, 
stands  of  flowers,  sprays  and  buttonholes  are 
generally  well  filled  with  excellent  exhibits,  quite 
as  good,  I  think,  as  is  usually  found  in  London. 

Competition  in  the  floral  decorations  of  dinner 
tables  was  a  happy  innovation  introduced  some 
years  ago.  It  has  now  become  one  of  the  most 
popular  features  of  our  flower  shows.  It  has 
opened  out  a  field  of  work  which  has  appealed 
especially  to  ladies  and  of  which  they  have  not  been 
slow  to  take  advantage,  and  demonstrates  also 
how  well  adapted  and  qualified  they  soon  became 
to  carry  out  this  form  of  artistic  garden  work  by 
the  unqualified  success  which  has  attended  their 
labours  in  this  direction. 


any  decoration  which  bars  the  enjoyment  of  open 
sight  or  free  speech  across  the  table  must  be 
avoided. 

As  regards  Roses  and  the  most  effective  way  of 
arranging  them  for  exhibition  purposes  opinions 
always  have  differed,  and  I  have  no  doubt  always 
will  do.  But  to  my  mind  there  is  no  more  attractive 
and  popular  way  to  exhibit  Roses  than  in  suitable 
baskets,  small  or  large  as  the  case  may  be.  A 
basket  gives  scope  for  the  artist's  genius  in  arrange- 
ment that  no  other  receptacle  is  capable  of.  Bowls 
of  Roses,  especially  when  filled  with  blooms  of 
one  variety  in  an  artistic  manner,  are  loved  by  all. 

It  is  in  the  arrangement  of  hardy  herbaceous 
and  other  hardy  flowers  exhibited  at  our  flower 
shows  that  I  think  there  is  the  most  room  for 
improvement.  Classes  for  these  are  usually 
arranged  on  the  principle  of  giving  so  many  squaie 


July  2,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


329 


feet  of  space  for  the  exfiibitor  to  fill  as  he  chooses, 
and  is  able  to,  with  certain  reservations.  With 
few  rare  exceptions  exhibitors  in  the  past  have 
failed  to  do  justice  to  themselves,  the  flowers,  or  to 
the  space  at  their  disposal.  Stipulations  are  usually 
made  that  each  vase  in  a  group  shall  consist  of 
one  kind  or  one  variety  only. 

Each  single  flower  (and  its  stem)  in  a  bunch 
or  vase  should  be  of  the  best  obtainable  and  with  a 
portion  of  its  own  foliage  attached,  and  each 
flower  should  be  so  arranged  that  its  individual 
charm  and  beauty  is  given  a  chance  to  assert 
itself.  How  seldom  do  we  find  this  consideration 
given  effect  to  ? 

I  have  had  considerable  experience  and  special 
opportunities  for  giving  effect  to  the  artistic 
arrangement  of  cut  flowers  both  at  the  Royal 
Gardens  and  at  Chatsworth.  My  greatest  difficulty 
i(as  it  has  been  of  many  others)  has  usually  been  in 


getting  flowers  to  remain  in  the  position  one 
places  them  in  when  fixed  in  water  in  even  with  the 
help  of  wire  or  other  artificial  contrivances. 

With  the  object  of  overcoming  this  difficulty  I 
adopted  the  plan  of  using  dabs  of  plastic  clay 
(packing  the  same  in  paper  to  avoid  discolouring 
the  vase)  and  placing  them  inside  the  flower 
receptacles,  suiting  the  size  of  the  dabs  of  clay 
to  the  size  of  the  receptacle  and  of  the  flowers. 
It  will  be  found  that  flowers  with  their  stems 
inserted  in  damp  clay  will  remain  fresh  in  the 
position  assigned  to  them  for  a  considerable  time. 
Water  can  be  added  to  the  clay  if  desired  and  the 
stems,  if  too  short,  can  be  lengthened  by  the 
addition  of  wire  or  short  stakes,  the  stalks  all  the 
time  remaining  in  water.  The  dabs  of  clay  are 
easily  concealed  by  the  foliage  of  the  stems  of  the 
flowers  used,  or  by  the  addition  of  the  foliage 
of  Ferns  or  Lycopodium.    OwenThom.^s,  V.M.H. 


BUDDING     AND     LAYERING     ROSES 

The  season  for  budding  and  layering  Roses  having   arrived,   these 

notes   should  be   helpful.       They   deal  with   various   methods   and 

show  how  success  may  be  obtained. 


ROSE  budding  used  to  be  an  important 
item  in  the  routine  of  a  gardener  s 
life  and  work.  Then,  as  now,  the  most 
successful  practitioner  had  no  fixed 
^  and  definite  dates  for  his  various  opera- 
tions. He  left  rigid  calendarical  gardening  to 
others,  for  he  realised  full  well  that  weather  plays 
an  important  part  in  gardening.  Successes  and 
failures,  particularly  the  latter,  soon  teach  that  it 
is  the  season  and  weather  and  not  the  calendar 
that  must  be  studied  if  the  best  results  are  to 
attend  our  efforts.  The  time  for  outdoor  Rose 
budding  is  when  the  sap  runs  freely,  so  that  the 
bark  may  be  easily  separated  from  the  stem, 
and  when  the  selected  bud  may  be  cleanly  detached 
in  its  entirety.  These  two  must  coincide.  It 
does  not  matter  how  beautifiilly  clean  the  bark 
may  be  lifted  on  the  stock  if  a  perfect  bud  may 
not  be  taken  to  fit  on  it.  Then  the  weather 
immediately  following  the  budding  has  to  be 
considered.  Should  it  be  unusually  hot  and  dry, 
the  bud  is  more  than  likely  to  shrivel  before  a 
■union  can  be  formed  with  the  stock.  On  the  other 
hand,  cold  and  wet  weather  is  equally  fatal  in 
that  under  these  conditions  the  bud  lies  in  danger 
of  decomposition.  So,  as  in  most  affairs,  it  is 
the  happy  mean  in  the  weather  that  is  needed 
tor  successful  budding.  These  combinations  of 
circumstances  are  generally  found  during  July. 

As  to  which  method  of  budding  is  favoured,  it 
■does  not  seem  to  matter  whether  it  is  the  T-shaped 
incision,  the  inverted  T,  the  square  shield  or  the 
■circular  so  long  as,  like  the  laying  of  a  foundation 
■stone,  it  is  done  "  truly  and  well"  ;  though  the 
T-shaped  incision  has  the  sanction  of  fairly  long 
and  general  usage.  With  this  method  it  is  easiest 
to  make  a  perfect  union  between  scion  and  stock 
The  selection  of  the  bud  repays  for  consideration 
It  is  the  bud  from  a  flowering  shoot  that  is  most 
satisfactory,  and  as  wUl  be  seen  from  the  illustra- 
tion on  this  page,  the  best  bud  is  found  towards 
the  basal  end  of  such  a  shoot,  for  it  is  just  there 
that  they  are  the  most  perfect  for  the  purpose. 
Lower  on  the  shoot  the  buds  are  too  dormant 
and  too  hard,  while  on  the  upper  portion  they 
are  soft  and  not  sufficiently  developed.  In 
the  same  illustration  will  be  seen  the  bud  pre- 
pared for  insertion,  and  in  this  respect  care 
should  be  taken  to  retain  the  little  piece  of  leaf 
stalk  with  the  bud.  When  preparing  the  bud  it 
must  always  be  remembered  that  the  core,  root, 


or  base,  as  the  embryo  on  the  inside  is  variously 
termed,  is  the  vital  part,  and  must  be  treated  with 
the  greatest  respect.  Any  injury  to  this  part 
results  in  failure.  While  care  is  needed  to  ensure 
as  perfect  fitting  as  may  be,  and  the  tie  suBiciently 
tight,  but  not  so  as  to  cause  constriction,  it  is  the 
skilled  budder,  who  can  do  the  work  quickly,  who 
succeeds  in  getting  the  highest  percentage  of 
"  takes."  On  a  dull  day  speed  in  working  is  not 
so  essential,  but  during  dry  weather  the  buds  and 
the  exposed  portion  of  the  stocks  both  dry  quickly, 
a  condition  not  to  be  desired. 

The  Briar  Stock  is  Best.  —  No  longer  can 
the  gardener  go  out  and  get  good  stout  briars 
from  the  highways  and  by%vays.  During  the 
past  we  have  reaped,  but  we  did  not  sow,  and 
no%v    are    paying    the    inevitable    penalty.     This 


scarcity  of  Briars  is"  widespread,  and  in  the 
endeavolu:  to  overcome  it,  various  stocks,  other 
than  Rosa  canina,  have  been  tried  with  more  or 
less  success.  The  stock  difficulty  is  more  serious 
with  standards.  The  Manetti  stock  answers  very 
well  for  bush  Roses  and  is  readily  propagated 
by  cuttings.  But  for  standards  none  equals  our 
English  Briar  Latterly  Rosa  rugosa  has  been 
used  a  great  deal.  From  the  garden  point  of 
view  the  chief  objection  to  it  is  its  slender- 
ness  and  also  that  the  head  often  becomes  top 
heavy  Both  of  these  faults  could  doubtless  be 
removed  if  the  nurseryman  would  grow  the  stocks 
a  year  longer  before  budding  them,  but  I  suppose 
this  is  asking  too  much! 

More  recently  a  Japanese  form  of  the  Siberian 
Rosa  laxa  has  met  with  favour  from  the  growers. 
A  great  point  is  that  it  is  in  a  suitable  condition 
for  budding  much  earlier  in  the  season  than  any 
other,  so  that  budding  is  often  commenced  as 
early  as  May— the  buds  are  taken  from  pot  plants — 
which  gives  the  nurseryman  a  much  longer  season 
than  otherwise.  This  early  budding  nearly  always 
results  in  the  buds  bursting  into  growth  the  same 
season,  while  one  prefers  the  bud  to  remain  dormant 
until  the  following  spring.  Though  if  the  laxa 
stock  results  in  sufficient  growth  of  the  bud  to 
be  properly  ripened  before  winter  sets  in,  well  and 
good,  otherwise  serious  losses  will  occur. 

Layering  Roses. — Many  prefer  dwarf  Roses  to 
be  on  their  own  roots  and  insert  cuttings  later 
in  the  year.  But  there  are  certain  varieties 
which  do  not  root  readily.  With  these  the 
difficulty  can  nearly  always  be  overcome  by 
layering,  a  method  which  has  a  deal  to  recommend 
it  for  the  garden  where  only  a  limited  number  of 
fresh  plants  are  required.  The  layering  is  carried 
out  much  in  the  same  way  as  with  Carnations, 
except  that  to  get  the  required  branch  in  position  a 
stouter  peg  is  required.  For  both  budding  and 
layering  the  knife  should  always  be  kept  as  sharp 
as  possible  because  so  much  depends  on  the  cuts 
being  cleanly  made  The  best  time  for  layering 
is  about  the  last  half  of  this  month,  though,  as 
with  other  shrubs,  it  can  be  successfully  performed 
later.  A.  Cecil  B.^rtlett 


THE    BEST   BUD    IS   FOUND   TOWARDS   THE 
BASAL    END 


AND     IS    TRANSFERRED    TO    THE    BRIAR 
STOCK. 


330 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  2,  1921. 


MESSAGES     FROM     A     WIRELESS     AVIARY 

Whether  or  no  birds  in  the  garden  are  of  economic  value  the  following  charming  tribute,  from 
one  who  evidently  loves  them  and  also  his  garden,  needs  no  apology  for  its  publication 


THERE  are  times  when  you  wonder 
whether  your  garden  is  a  garden  or  an 
a\'iary,  or  both,  and  you  find  it  hard  to 
say  for  what  purpose  mainly  your  patch 
has  been  enclosed  and  planted — to  pro- 
vide your  table  with  fruit  and  vegetables,  or 
to  provide  the  birds  with  bonnes  bouches  and 
nesting- places.  It  depends,  I  suppose,  on  the 
humour  you  are  in.  For  myself,  I  think  I 
regard  my  garden  chiefly  as  a  garden  on  those 
now  rapidly  recurring  occasions  when  I  am 
asked  to  pay  my  rates,  for  the  birds,  so  far, 
are  not  rated,  though  there  is  no  saying  how  soon 
they  may  be  ;  or  at  the  end  of  a  delightful  but 
back-breaking  day  of  potato-planting  or  rose- 
priming,  when  the  cultural  side  of  things  obscures 
what  might  be  called  the  avifaunal. 
On  the  other  hand,  given  a  sunny 
Sunday  morning  in  spring  (of  all  the 
days  in  the  year,  an  Easter  morning 
perhaps  for  choice)  ;  or,  for  that 
matter,  the  morning  of  any  festal 
weekday,  when  hoe  and  rake  hang 
idle  on  the  wall  because  your  "help," 
bent  on  making  what  he  calls  "  a  day 
of  it,"  has  left  you  for  a  space  to 
solitude  and  pure  enjoyment ;  or, 
it  may  be,  one  of  those  lingering  even- 
ings in  May  or  June  when  the  sun. 
like  the  village  children,  dawdles  un- 
conscionably in  getting  to  bed — it  is  in 
such  reposeful  hours  that  the  garden 
ceases  to  be  an  end  in  itself  and  be- 
comes a  mere  accessory — the  feeding- 
ground,  playground,  flirting-ground, 
concert-platform  and  what  not  for 
innumerable  birds. 

Those  who  possess  an  aviary,  of 
whatever  kind,  do  not  require  to  be 
told  that  a  spacious  floor- area,  impor- 
tant though  it  is.  is  not  everything. 
For  the  well-being  and  happiness  of 
the  birds,  the  cubic  space  between  the 
floor  and  the  superincumbent  roof  is 
of  at  least  equal  importance.  Persons 
who  keep  exotic  birds,  which,  if  lost, 
could  not  easily  be  replaced,  must,  of 
course,  have  their  aviaries  roofed  over 
with  glass  or  wirework  ;  but,  for  my 
part,  the  sky  for  a  roof  suits  me  very 
well,  because  in  my  case  the  loss  of 
a  bird  more  or  less  is  no  great  matter. 
I  put  no  constraint  on  my  birds.  If 
one  goes,  another  comes.  If  they  are  happy  in  the 
quarters  I  provide,  I  am  content ;  but  if  any  of 
them  prefer  to  go  elsewhere  and  sing  for  other  ears 
than  mine,  I  am  also  content,  and  wish  them  good 
luck  in  fresli  fields.  As  far  as  my  observation  goes, 
the  population  of  my  aviary  remains  at  a  tolerably 
even  figure,  inevitable  losses  being  balanced,  I 
fancy,  by  corresponding  gains.  I  recognise,  of 
course,  the  manifold  convenience  of  a  gridiron 
wire  roof  to  the  aviary  (wire  is  preferable  to  glass, 
because  it  allows  of  better  ventilation),  but,  on 
the  other  hand,  there  is  much  to  be  said  for  the 
sky  as  a  roof.  For  one  thing,  I  like  to  remember 
that  in  the  air  and  sky  over  my  garden  (which, 
like  the  area  beneath,  are,  of  course,  mine  in 
fee-simple)  I  possess  a  practically  illimitable 
estate — an  ever-expanding  block  of  air  and  ether 
stretching  away  to  Sirius  and  even  to  the  Milky 
Way,  and,  as  it  radiates  into  space,  increasing 
at    a    geometrical    rate    which    I    have    not    the 


mathematics  to  calculate.  I  like  to  regard  myself 
in  this  way  as  a  proprietor  on  a  large  scale,  though 
I  turn  to  practical  use  only  a  small  part,  com- 
paratively speaking,  of  this  enormous  wedge  of 
space,  that,  namely,  which,  estimated  roughly, 
extends,  perhaps,  to  a  height  of  half  a  mile  or  so 
over  my  garden.  These  higher  elevations  are 
given  over  for  the  most  part  to  my  various 
"  aerial  "  species,  the  most  important  of  which 
in  my  eyes  is  unquestionably  the  swift.  "  One 
swallow  does  not  make  a  summer,"  is  a  frequently 
cited  but,  to  my  thinking,  a  foolishly  obvious 
piece  of  proverbial  wisdom.  Of  course  it  does 
not,  nor  one  swift  either.  If  I  may  speak  for 
myself,  it  takes  a  multitude  of  swifts  to  make 
my  summer.     I   like   to  have   the   air  thick   with 


BIRD,    BATH    AND    BORDER. 

them.  When  I  see  them  racing  and  chasing  one 
after  another  in  the  upper  region  of  my  aviary 
and  uttering  their  rasping  but  delightsome  shrieks, 
like  a  troop  of  cacophonous  boys  at  tig  in  a  meadow, 
then,  and  not  before,  I  realise  that  summer  has 
come,  when  at  last  it  is  possible  to  doff  one's 
cardigan  and  enjoy  life.  I  need  hardly  say  that 
it  is  beyond  the  resources  of  my  aviary  to  provide 
nesting-places  for  my  swifts,  though  they  are  very 
regular  breeders ;  but  fortunately  I  am  able, 
for  this  purpose,  to  borrow  the  church,  which  is 
close  at  hand  and  serves  admirably  the  end  in 
view.  The  roof  of  our  old  church,  though  quite 
weather-tight,  is  constructed  of  rough  stone  slabs, 
which  do  not,  however,  overlap  so  closely  but  the 
swifts  find  apertures  through  which  they  dash 
without  aljating  an  iota  of  their  marvellous  speed 
There  are,  of  course,  other  distinguished  "  aerials" 
besides  the  swift — the  swallow  and  the  house- 
martin,   for  instance,  which  fix  their    "  procreant 


cradles "  numerously  under  the  eaves,  and  over 
the  casements,  and  inside  the  chimney-stacks 
of  the  village  houses,  the  architecture  of  which 
seems  to  have  been  designed  in  the  first  instance 
with  an  eye  specially  to  swallows.  Occasionally 
also  fleets  of  lapwings  sail  overhead  in  the  higher 
reaches  of  the  aviary,  with  that  wavering,  sinuous, 
indeterminate  movement  which  characterises  these 
birds  in  their  collective  excursions  and  their 
migrations  from  place  to  place.  More  frequent 
than  the  flights  of  lapwings  are  the  morning  and 
evening  processions  of  rooks  (frequently  accom- 
panied by  a  contingent  of  jackdaws),  my  garden 
happening  to  lie  in  the  bee-line  between  their 
pasturing-ground  in  the  neighbouring  mead  and 
tlieir  rookery  in  an  elm  wood  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
further  on.  -As  for  that  embodiment 
of  light  and  air,  the  skylark,  how  gladly 
would  I  welcome  him  to  my  wedge  of 
sky  !  But  he  never  visits  me. 
'  Indispensable,  however,  as  "aerials" 
are  to  my  aviary,  the  more  interesting 
and  compa-iionable  birds  are  those 
which,  for  lack  of  a  better  term.,  1 
call  my  "  terrestrial  "  birds,  in  which 
important  division  I  include  all  those 
which,  for  purposes  of  their  own,  more 
or  less  frequent  my  lawn  ;  though,  if 
I  knew  the  Latin  for  "  twig,"  1 
should  possibly  form  another  divisiort 
("  vimineals,"  let  us  say)  to  include 
tits,  warblers  and  other  birds  that 
spend  their  li\'es  preferably  in  hanging, 
upside  down,  from  the  extreme  tips 
of  branches.  As  these,  however,  also 
light  occasionally  on  the  lawn,  I  have 
decided,  for  simplicity,  to  lump  them 
all  as  the  "  singing  birds "  of  my 
aviary,  though  I  quite  recognise  the 
absurdity  of  the  term  "singing"  as 
applied  to  tlie  utterances  of  birds.  At 
the  same  time  it  cannot  be  denied  that 
■n  a  mellow  evening  in  April,  when  all 
(he  birds  are  wrought  up  to  concert 
form,  each  uttering  his  own  particular 
ditty,  regardless  of  his  neighbours  and 
indifferent  to  rhythm,  pitch  or  har- 
mony, there  does  result  something  ana- 
logous to  certain  forms  of  human  music, 
a  students'  chorus,  for  example,  or  a 
football  smoke-concert. 

Those  who  like  to  have  birds 
about  them  know  how  specially 
intertsting  they  are  in  winter  during  those 
terrible  spells  of  frost  that  turn  the  earth  tO' 
iron,  when  the  tameness  of  the  birds,  thrown 
by  stress  of  weather  on  human  protection,  becomes 
almost  "  shocking  to  see."  Their  dependence  on 
human  help  at  such  times  induces  a  more  intimate 
fellowship  between  them  and  you  than  is  possible 
at  other  seasons.  But  though  it  is  comforting 
to  be  able  to  play  providence  to  the  starving 
creatures  in  their  times  of  difficulty,  the  most 
pleasant  bird-season,  to  my  thinking,  is  egg-time  ;, 
just  as  fledging-time,  which  follows  hard  upon, 
is  of  all  seasons  the  most  unhappy,  for  then  the 
cats  (in  my  aviary,  two)  are  sleeplessly  busy 
taking  tithe  of  the  fledglings  and  so  adjusting 
the  balance  of  Nature.  But  at  egg-time  all  is 
right  as  right  can  be — the  mother  on  her  nest, 
secure  from  disaster,  and  the  cock-bird  topmast 
high  and  at  his  noisiest.  It  was  a  poet,  I  think, 
whose  heart  leaped  up  when  he  "  beheld  a  rainbow 


July  2,  192 1.] 


THE    GARDEN. 


331 


in  the  sky."  But  there  is  no  saying  what  the 
human  heart,  high-strung  or  humdrum,  will  or 
will  not  leap  up  at.  My  own  stolid  organ,  for 
instance,  would  not  flutter  a  beat  the  faster  for 
the  finest  rainbow  that  ever  spanned  the  sky. 
Yet  it,  too.  has  its  emotions,  such  as  they  are. 
Poetic  or  prosaic,  we  all  have  our  flutters,  if  not 
for  a  rainbow,  then  for  a  primrose  by  the  river's 
brim,  or  for  something  else  equally  irrelevant. 
If  anyone  should  conceivably  think  it  worth  his 
while  to  make  my  own  pulse  beat  thirteen  to  the 
dozen,  let  him  show  me  a  hedge  sparrow's  nest 
with  five  blue-green  eggs,  and  the  thing  is  done, 
or,  for  that  matter,  any  bird's  nest  with  its  com- 
plement of  eggs — a  thrush's,  or  a  partridge's  with 
its  baker's  dozen  under  a  hedge,  or  a  pheasant's, 
in  a  coppice,  with  as  many,  or  more. 

I  have  heard  it  said  that  every  garden  has  the 
birds  it  deserves,  which  leads  me  to  wonder  what 
lack  of  desert  on  my  part  accounts  for  the  absence 
of  certain  birds  from  my  garden,  the  yellow- 
hammer,  for  instance,  a  bird  for  which,  and  for 
whose  song,  and  for  whose  devil- inscribed  eggs 
I  have  had  an  affection  from  my  youth  up.  I 
suppose  it  is  the  want  of  hedges  and  telegraph- 
wires,  for,  where  these  abound,  within  ten  minutes 
of  my  garden  gate,  yellowhammers  are  as  plentiful 
as  sparrows.  Chaffinches,  pied  wagtails,  starlings, 
hedge-sparrows  and  wrens  are  with  me  more  or 
less  summer  and  winter.  The  missel-thrush  visits 
die  chiefly  when  the  Yew  and  Crata;gus  pyra- 
cantha  are  in  berry.  A  pair  of  robins  I  can 
ilways  count  on,  though  it  is  only  in  late  autumn 
and  winter  I  think  tliat  these  birds  are  really  as 
amiable  and  companionable  as  they  are  generally 
reputed  to  be.  The  flycatcher  comes  each  summer 
and  nests  in  my  ivy — a  bird  with  singularly 
winning  ways,  but  voiceless,  to  my  ear  at  least. 
Tliree  species  of  tits — the  great,  the  cole  and 
the  blue — are  frequent  but  irregular  visitors, 
though  I  can  always  count  on  a  swarm  of  blue 
tits  when  the  Jargonelles  approach  maturity. 
Song  thrushes  and  blackbirds  are  nearly  as  plentiful 
as  the  gooseberries  to  which  they  are  so  partial. 
Green  linnets  nest  in  the  Dorothy  Perkins  Rose, 
but  I  have  only  to  sow  any  variety  of  Brassica 
to  ensure  a  visit  from  these  birds  at  any  time. 
A  pair  of  wrens  haunt  the  garden  at  this  moment 
and  make  it  jubilant  with  trills.  Goldfinches 
visit  me  off  and  on  as  it  suits  them.  Last  year 
a  pair  built  two  nests  and  reared  two  broods  in 
quick  succession  high  up  in  a  Cotoneaster  frigida. 
close  to  my  bedroom  window.  Christopher  spotted 
them  in  the  act  of  building — a  great  day  for  both 
of  us.  Later  on,  in  early  autumn,  you  might 
have  seen,  on  any  morning,  a  party  of  six  or 
seven  goldfinches  at  breakfast  on  a  giant  Teasle, 
each  seed-cone  witli  its  bird — members,  no  doubt, 
of  the  Cotoneaster  broods.  I  suppose  I  must 
regard  my  house  sparrows  as  birds  and  therefore 
as  permanent  residents  of  my  aviary — disreputable 
little  hoodlums,  but  not  so  bad,  I  think,  as  they 
are  painted.  Though  they  nibble  the  seed-leaves 
of  beet,  finding  sugar  in  them,  I  suppose,  they  do 
not  here  meddle  with  crocuses,  primroses  and 
sweet  peas,  as  they  do  in  some  places.  My  own 
worst  count  against  the  sparrow  is  the  slovenly 
quality  of  its  nest,  a  chaos  of  feathers,  designed, 
apparently,  less  with  a  view  to  the  comfortable 
upbringing  of  its  young  than  to  the  effectual 
obstruction  of  water-pipes.  Pariah  as  he  is.  the 
sparrow  is  not  without  his  admirers.  Old  Thomas 
Tubbins,  for  instance,  who  sometimes  helps  witli 
the  rough  digging,  displays  a  more  lively  interest 
in  these  plebeians  than  in  birds  of  a  genteeler 
cast — more  than  in  the  wagtail,  in  which  I  find, 
myself,  so  much  delight.  Thomas,  who  is  not 
so  young  as  he  once  was,  and  who  is  therefore 
obliged  to  pause  occasionally  to  recover  his 
breath,  will  rest  one  foot  on  the  shoulder  of  his 


spade  and,  while  he  adjusts  the  dottle  in  his  pipe, 
will  watch  the  cock  sparrows  stealing  grains  of 
crushed  maize  from  under  the  noses  of  two 
pampered  bantams  which  have  the  run  of  tlie 
garden.  Thefts  of  exceptional  impudence  are 
applauded    with    approving    chuckles.     Curiously 


enough  their  "  downiness "  is  the  passerine 
characteristic  which  specially  engages  Thomas's 
interest  and  admiration.  "  Well,  to  be  sure," 
he  will  remark  as  he  resumes  his  digging,   "  them 

sparrers  do  be  the  downiest  cusses  as  I  ever 

seen  or  heerd  tell  on  !  "  Somers. 


GOD'S      BEST     BERRY 

Izaak  Walton  said  of  the  Strawberry:  "  Doubtless  God  could  have  made  a  better 
berry,  but  doubtless  God  never  did."  This  fruit,  to  which  Walton  paid  so  hand- 
some, yet  so  true,  a  compliment,  has  one  bad  fault—the  plants  grow  even  when 
neglected  grossly.  The  production  of  perfect  Strawberries,  however,  demands  skill 
and  thought.  The  foundation  of  success  lies  in  propagating  healthy  stock  front 
the  best  parents.      The  intention  of  this   article   is   to   show   how    the    desired   end 

can  be  achieved. 


M 


Y  daily  paper  hints  at  potential  death 
in  the  Strawberry  bed.  If  this  state- 
ment is  true  oin:  race  is  doomed  to 
early  extinction,  for  either  grown, 
begged,  borrowed  or  stolen,  we  all 
eat  Strawberries  when  kindly  chance  turns  our  way. 
Pray  pity  for  the  poor  Laxton's  !  By  producing 
new  and  better  Strawberries  they  have  been  slowly, 
insidiously  developing  a  poison  pot  of  nearly  endless 
capacity  and  open  to  universal  access.  The  studied 
exploits  in  poisoning  of  the  Borgias  are  as  mere 
drops  in  the  ocean  compared  with  the  parallel  sins 
of  the  Laxton's.  Still  the  tail  of  England  wags, 
how  strongly  the  recently  taken  census  will  tell 
us. 

The  Strawberry  is  a  native  plant  of  England 
and  herein  one  can  see  a  ray  of  light.  When  it  was 
first  grown  in  gardens  accurate  history  does  not 
record,  but  there  is  credible  evidence  that  it  was 
cultivated  by  the  Bishop  of  Ely  in  his  garden  in 
Holborn,  London,  before  the  fifteenth  century  had 
run  more  than  three  parts  of  its  course.  It  is 
improbable  that  the  Strawberry  of  those  days  was 
equal  to  the  modern  varieties  in  many  respects, 
but  it  would  be  palatable  and  justify  Izaak  Walton. 
It  would,  we  may  take  it,  spread  from  the  Holborn 
garden  widely  in  every  direction  to  general  popu- 
larity. Ignoring  a  few  odd  decades  we  may  accept 
it  as  a  fact  that  Strawberries  have  been  grown  and 
eaten  by  succeeding  generations  for  400  years, 
during  which  time  the  population  has  increased 
steadily.  Still  the  tail  of  England  wags.  Let  us, 
of  this  generation,  keep  the  ball  rolling  by  even 
greater  increase  and  thus  subject  coming  generations 
to  the  same  dread  risk  and,  as  our  transatlantic 
friends  so  pointedly  put  it — Do  it  now. 

Strawberry  propagation  in  a  private  garden, 
'  whether  the  area  be  big  or  little,  should  be  regarded 
as  a  business  of  importance.  It  is  in  the  nature  of  a 
casual  matter  with  the  field  grower.  If  the  runners 
root,  well  and  good  ;  if  they  fail,  well,  better  lurk 
next  time.  We  will  leave  the  latter  to  his  gambling 
wheel  of  fortune  and  consider  the  subject  from  the 
point  of  view  of  the  gardener  who,  as  far  as  is 
humanly  possible,   turns  the  wheel  himself. 

Three  fundamental  points  are  :  i,  the  plant  from 
which    the    necessary    runners    shall    be    taken ; 

2,  the  type  of  runner  which  shall  be  chosen ;    and 

3.  the. manner  in  which  it  shall  be  rooted.  As  a 
general  rule  the  private  cultivator  has  entire 
control  over  each  of  these  though,  in  some  cir- 
cumstances, he  may  be  forced  to  proceed  as 
convenience,  not  as  judgment,  directs.  The 
points  may  most  usefully  be  dealt  with  as  set 
out. 

It  is  accepted  that  one  year  old  plants  will,  in 
normal  conditions,  produce  the  finest  runners  or 
plantlets,  especially,  perhaps,  those  which  have 
proved  their  power  of  fruiting  by  giving  blossoms, 
but  which  have  not  been  permitted  to  pass  beyond 


that  stage.  There  have  been  unnumbered  con- 
troversies to  decide  whether  runners  from  a  barren 
plant  {i.e.,  one  which  has  never  developed  a  flower 
truss),  will  be  similarly  barren,  but  the  issue  has 
never  been  authoritatively  reached.  If  there  were 
no  risk  the  question  could  never  have  come  up  for 
discussion.  There  is  a  risk  and  it  is  not  worth 
taking.  Therefore,  the  decision  must  be  in  favour 
of  the  fruitful  parent,  with  the  supplemental  one 
of  choosing  one  year  old  plants,  if  possible.  Should 
these  be,  for  any  uncontrolled  reason,  unavailable, 
the  second  choice  must  be  from  two  year  old 
plants,  and  the  third,  and  final,  choice  from  three 
year  old  plants. 

Apropos  the  runners  themselves.  The  strigs  are 
prolific  in  the  production  of  plantlets,  and  propaga- 
tion may  be,  consequently,  carried  to  an  intense 
degree,  but  this  is  more  than  doubtfully  wise. 
Healthy  plants  in  a  clean  plantation  will  send  forth 
so  many  strigs  that  the  requisite  number  of  young- 
sters will  be  provided  by  the  first  or  second  plantlet, 
or,  in  the  event  of  necessity,  both.  Should  a 
desire  be  felt  to  split  hairs,  and  decide  whether 
the  first  or  second  plantlet  is  the  better,  the  best 
advice  that  one  can  give  is  for  each  grower  to 
please  himself,  since,  judging  from  the  broad  basis, 
there  is  no  perceptible  dift'erence  in  the  final 
results. 

Now  as  to  manner  of  layering,  which  is  one  of  the 
simplest  forms  of  propagation.  The  strigs  carrying 
the  runners  extend  in  all  directions  from  the  parent 
plants  and  many  of  these  will  attach  themselves 
securely  to  the  soil  so  that  the  species  may  be 
perpetuated.  This  is  a  natural  method  of  increase 
and  the  gardener  adopts  it  as  the  best,  but  wisely 
carries  it  out  under  a  definite  system.  He  selects 
the  best  suitable  plants  and  the  most  promising 
plantlets  and  runs  the  process  as  in  a  set  of  harness. 
Three  modes  of  procedure  are  popular,  easy, 
certain  and  all  are  based  on  the  best  plants,  best 
runners  prmciple. 

The  most  common  way,  probably  because  it  is 
the  least  trouble,  and,  incidentally,  the  worst,  is 
to  cleanse  the  alleys  of  weeds,  attach  the  plantlets 
to  the  soil  with  small  stones  or  pegs  and  await 
results.  Undoubtedly  better  is  to  supplement  the 
cleaning  by  surfacing  with  good  mould,  as  this 
conduces  to  superior  and  quicker  rooting.  The 
chief  disadvantage  occurs  when  transplantation 
must  be  done  in  hot,  dry  weather.  The  soil  falls 
from  the  roots  in  lifting  and  the  plants  may,  con- 
sequently, sustain  a  check  to  progress.  This  may 
not  be  a  substantial  disability  in  general  culture 
but  those  who  aspire  to  achieve  the  finest  results 
regard  it  with  suspicion  and  strive  to  avoid  it. 

The  second  and  third  methods  are  very  closely 
akin  and  may  be  treated  of  in  association.  The  one 
is  to  plunge  3in.  pots  filled  firmly  with  light 
compost  in  the  soil,  and  the  other  is  to  substitute 
3in.  squares  of  turf,  grass  side  downwards,  for  the 


332 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  2,  1921. 


pots ;  plantlets  to  the  necessary  number  are 
■attached  to  the  soil  in  the  pots  or  to  the  inverted 
turves,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  water  is  given  as 
imperative  to  prevent  total  dryness.  Each  is 
excellent.  The  roots  come  rapidly  and  numerously, 
they  are  retained  within  a  circumscribed  area  and 
moving  to  pots  or  open  quarters  can  be  done  with 
the  ball  of  soil  and  roots  intact.  There  can,  then, 
be  no  cessation  of  advance.  Turves  are  preferable 
to  pots  for  one  important  reason.  If  the  move  to 
fruiting  pots  or  rows  cannot  be  carried  out  at  the 
correct  moment — that  is  to  say,  when  the  young 


roots  are  working  freely  round  the  ball — matting 
commences  against  the  cool,  porous,  impenetrable 
walls,  the  roots  become  hard  and  wiry  in  texture 
and  growth  is  arrested  after  transference.  The 
slight,  undesirable  check  has  been  inflicted.  With 
turves  this  cannot  occur.  The  roots  may  go 
beyond  the  limits  specially  provided,  but,  passing 
into  soil,  do  not  change  their  character  and  the 
plants  do  not  cease  to  advance,  even  momentarily, 
after  removal. 

A  final  word  or  two  of  insistence  on  the  necessity 
of   instant    work   and   the   subject    must   be   left. 


Early  rooted  runners  are  invariably  the  best  and 
giving,  as  they  do,  the  grower  power  to  proceed  as 
he  wishes  mth  them,  bring  supreme  satisfaction. 
Some  gardeners  have  made  big  strides  in  the  task, 
others  have  just  started  and  many  are  waiting — 
for  they  know  not  what.  To  one  and  all  it  may  be 
said :  Proceed  instantly,  work  rapidly  and 
thoroughly  to  produce  rooted  plants  ready 
for  their  fruiting  quarters  at  the  earliest 
possible  moment.  The  preparation  of  the  sites 
and  the  planting  must  be  the  themes  of  a 
later  storv.  W.    H.    Lodge. 


NEW   AND    RARE    PLANTS    AT   WESTMINSTER 


A  GREAT  many  novelties  were  placed  before  the 
Floral  Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  on  June  21,  when  twelve  received  awards 
of  merit 

Delphinium  Welshman.— ."V  tall,  handsome 
spike  of  large  widely  expanded  single  flowers  of 
Reckitt's  blue  colour  faintly  touched  with 
heliotrope  on  a  few  petals.  Award  of  merit  to 
Mr.  W.  E.  Samuel. 

D.  Snnshine. — This  stately  variety  is  very 
■similar  to  the  former.  The  chief  difference  is 
that  there  is  more  heliotrope  colour.  Award  of 
merit  to  Mr.  W.  E.  Samuel. 


DELPHINIUM    PURPLE    ROSETTE 

D.  Purple  Rosette.— A  quaintly  charming, 
real  double- flowered  Delphinium.  The  spike  is 
about  I  Sins,  long,  and  it  is  densely  studded  with 
purple  rosettes  that  measure  ijins.  across.  Not 
only  will  this  be  a  charming  border  flower,  but  the 
spikes  will  last  longer  than  most  when  cut.  Shown 
by  Miss  M.  Stanner. 

Campanula  Fleur  de  Nlege. — The  largest  of 

alj  the  double  white  persiciflora  varieties.  We 
suspect  that  it  should  be  sheltered  from  rough 
winds.     Award  of  merit  to  Mr.  G.  W.  Miller. 

Streptocarpus  Mauve  Queen. — This  is  another 

novelty  which  met  with  a  generous  reception  at 
the  hands  of  the  Floral  Committee.  The  pot  plant 
bore  one  gross,  floppy  bloom  of  the  giant-flowered 
type,  whose  best  point  was  the  clear  white  throat. 
We  were  not  alone  in  preferring  the  bright  rose- 
coloured  variety  shown  by  the  same  raiser.  Award 
of  merit  to  Messrs.  R.  and  G.  Cuthbert. 


Lilium  Mrs.  R.  0,  Backhouse.— One  of  the 

many  crosses  between  L.  Martagonand  L.  Hansoni 
raised  by  the  lady  whose  name  it  commemorates 


LILIUM    MRS.     R.    O.    BACKHOUSE. 

In  many  ways  it  suggests  a  5ft.   high  Martagon 
Lily  with   flowers  not  so  reflexed  as  usual.     The 


colouring  is  yellow  with  dull  crimson  spots  near 
the  centre,  and  there  is  a  faint,  hazy  suffusion  of 
crimson  all  over  the  upper  surface  of  the  blooms. 
Award  of  merit  to  Messrs,  Wallace  and  Co. 

L.  Sutton  Court.— Of  the  same  parentage  and 
very  like  the  foregoing.  The  spots  are  larger 
and  continue  nearer  the  tips  of  the  flowers.  Also 
shown  by  Messrs.  Wallace  and  Co. 

Phytolacca  Clavigera. — A  somewhat  coarse- 
growing  herbaceous  plant  whose  chief  interest 
lies  in  the  unusually  dense  erect  spikes  of  rosy 
pink  flowers.     Award  of  merit  to  Mr.  Amos  Perry. 

Dianthus  Ella. — This  is  a  very  striking  single 
Pink,  The  broad,  crimson  lake  zone  is  distinct, 
well  marked  and  in  sharp  contrast  to  the  outer 
rim  of  pure  white.  It  will  be  suitable  for  either 
the  rock  garden  or  as  a  hardy  flower  bordering. 
,\ward  of  merit  to  Mr.  S.  Morris 

D.  Old  Rose. — Although  this  free-flowering 
Pink  did  not  receive  an  award,  it  found  many 
admirers.  It  is  said  to  be  a  continuous  bloomer, 
and  plenty  of  flowers  are  produced  on  tallish 
slender  stems.     Shown  by  Mr.   C.   Elliott. 

Rose  Mrs.   Hornby   Lewis. — A  large  Hybrid 

Tea  variety  which  in  form  suggests  La  France. 
The  blooms  are  very  fragrant,  of  pale  primrose 
colour,  brightened  by  light  apricot  in  the  heart 
of  the  Rose.  Award  of  merit  to  Mr.  E.  J.  Hicks. 
Rose  The  Premier.- An  exceedingly  beautiful 
cluster  Rose  described  by  the  exhibitor  as  a  cross 
between  Rosa  Lucens  and  an  unknown  Hybrid 
Tea  variety.  The  result  is  a  very  vigorous,  free- 
flowering,  evergreen  Rose  suitable  for  such  purposes 
as  furnishing  tall  pillars  for  making  a  tall  Rose 
hedge    or    clothing    a    bank.     The    semi- double 


ROSE    THE    PREMIER. 


July  2,  1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


333 


■flowers,  which  are  over  2ms.  across,  are  a  beautiful 
blush  pink  in  bud  and  when  first  open.  This 
colour  fades  to  white  with  age.  Award  of  merit 
to  Messrs.  G.   Paul  and  Son 

Rhododendron  discolor. — The  chief  interest 
in  this  lies  in  its  being  "  a  ne%v  species  from  China." 
It  is  a  moderate- si^ed  rather  loose  truss  of  widely 
•expanded  pale  blush  flowers  inferior  to  many 
hybrids.  Award  of  merit  to  Messrs.  Wallace 
and  Co. 


Philadelpbus  Girandole.  —  Apparently  this 
"S>Tinga"  becomes  a  medium-sized  bush  of 
moderately  sized,  slender,  erect  branches.  The 
large,  double  white  flowers  are  very  effective. 
Award  of  merit  to  Sir  William  LawTence. 

P.  Burfordiensis. — A  large  single- flowered 
variety  said  to  be  a  sport  from  the  double  V'irginale. 
It  seems  to  be  a  very  vigorous  grower  and,  as  with 
the  former,  it  is  particularly  free-flowering.  Award 
of  merit  to  Sir  William  Lawrence. 


CORRESPONDENCE 


HYBRIDISATION  :  ITS  PROS  AND  CONS. 

'T'HE  points  which  have  been  raised  on  the 
particular  form  of  a  particular  hybrid  Flag 
Iris  raise  the  whole  question  of  man's  putting  his 
finger  into  the  pie  of  Nature.  Is  it  right  and 
seemly  for  man  to  do  this  ?  I  am  on  Mr. 
Dillistone's  side  and  answer  "  Yes."  I  know 
many  people  delude  themselves  with  the  idea  that 
"  the  old  world  charm  "  and  that  "  the  natural 
•forms  or  species  "  are  their  ideals  in  gardening  : 
but  I  have  never  met  anyone  who  is  a  true  whole- 
iogger  in  such  aspirations  when  they  are  brought 
to  book  any  more  than  I  have  found  a  believer 
in  the  literal  sense  of  the  Athanasian  Creed.  This 
is  not  saying  that  every  result  of  man's  interference 
is  equally  to  be  denred,  only  that  there  is  nothing 
wrong  in  his  doing  it.  Personally,  I  do  not  think 
I  would  like  the  hybrid  Iris  Clematis  a  quarter  as 
much  as  I  like  the  species  pallida  dalmatica.  but  I 
do  like  the  little  Iris  Cantab,  which  we  owe  to  man, 
every  bit  as  much  as  Iris  reticulata,  which  we  have 
direct  from  Nature.  It  is  all  a  question  of  choice 
or  taste.  Sometimes  one  likes  Vature's  work, 
sometimes  man's,  if,  strictly  speaking,  the  two 
may  be  separated.  Anyhow  my  ideal  is  that  th'" 
lion  should  lie  down  with  lamb — the  natural 
with  the  man  made — and  that  both  should  be 
equally  welcome  in  the  gardens  of  the  world. 
Our  only  logical  position  in  the  matter  is  to  always 
keep  on  sitting  on  the  fence. — Joseph  Jacob. 

ROSE     AMERICAN     BEAUTY. 

nr"HE  Rose  American  Beauty  is  described  in 
The  Garden  of  June  11,  page  300,  as 
"  unknown  in  England."  It  is,  however,  well 
known  and  grown  as  McFerdinand  Jamin,  so 
useful  under  glass  for  its  long  stems  when  cut 
for  bouquets  or  vases.  As  in  the  case  of  BeUe 
Siebrecht,  which  the  Americans  dubbed  Mrs. 
Grant,  so  in  this  case  have  tliey  dropped  the  name 
of  McFerdinand  Jamin  for  .American  Beauty,  as 
they  discovered  its  especial  usefulness  for  cut 
blooms  under  glass. — E.  H.  W. 

SILVER-LKAF     AND     A     SUGGESTED 

REMEDY. 

T  AST  year  one  of  my  Peach  trees  was  badly 
attacked  by  silver-leaf.  To  make  quite  sure 
it  was  silver-leaf  I  showed  the  tree  to  a  traveller, 
who  examined  it  twice  and  said  it  was  silver-leaf. 
Then  foliage  was  sent  to  several  firms,  including 
Messrs.  Rivers,  Sawbridgeworth,  who  said,  "  Yes. 
it  is  silver-leaf,  and  a  bad  case,  too."  The  same 
reply  came  from  the  other  firms.  I  had  not  any 
real  doubt  in  my  own  mind,  but  wished  to  get 
authentic  confirmation  from  outside  sources. 
I  then  began  in  earnest  to  try  to  cure  the  tree. 
I  now  enclose  a  few  leaves  which  I  feel  sure  you 
will  think  are  quite  normal  and  free  from  silver-leaf. 
[The  foliage  appears  to  be  quite  free  from  silver-leaf. 
— Ed.]  If  my  efforts  at  a  cure  had  signally  failed, 
I  should  have  uprooted  the  tree  and  burned  the 
whole,    roots   included.     The   tree,    variety   Duke 


of  York,  was  one  of  five  Peaches  and  Nectarines 
bought  and  planted  six  years  ago.  They  were 
splendid  specimens.  Two  years  after  the  planting, 
in  spring  each  year,  the  leaves  of  this  particular 
tree  drooped  and  many  fell  off.  As  years  passed 
the  fall  was  greater,  then  faint  signs  of  silver-leaf 
came.  The  soil  in  this  district  is  deficient  in 
lime  I  had  previously  applied  some,  but  now 
more  was  watered  in ;  but  the  silver-leaf 
spread  rapidly,  and  at  this  date  last  year  half 
the  leaves  had  fallen  and  the  remainder  had  a 
miserable  appearance,  the  fruits,  too,  being  under- 
sized and  poor,  while  in  previous  years  they  were 
excellent  and  won  first  prizes  each  time  they  were 
exhibited.  I  syringed  freely  on  suitable  occasions 
and  observed  the  spread  of  the  dLsease  more  and 
more  after  each  s\Tinging  I  regard  silver-leaf 
as  a  kind  of  consumption  of  the  tree,  and  decided 
that  the  application  of  more  lime  was  wrong : 
also,  that  a  very  moist  atmosphere  was,  too.  Last 
autumn  I  procured  a  good  supply  of  fresh  soot. 
A  pailful  of  water  and  soot  at  a  time  was  mixed 
to  the  consistency  of  mortar.  The  mixture  was 
spread  all  over  the  border  and  watered  in.  Once 
a  fortnight  or  so  from  autumn  till  late  in  spring 
a  pailful  of  this  mixture  was  applied.  Throughout 
the  present  season,  so  far,  this  tree  has  not  been 
syringed.  It  is  next  to  the  end  of  a  house  getting 
the  early  morning  sun.  Watering  as  usual  has 
been  the  rule,  but  always  more  soot  has  been 
washed  into  the  soil  each  time  clear  water  was 
applied.  There  is  a  good  crop  of  fine  fruits  this 
year,  not  any  dropping  of  leaves,  and  a  most 
satisfactory  and  healthy  growth.  I  should  have 
written  earlier,  but  was  afraid  I  might  be  premature 
and  so  mislead  other  cultivators.  But  owing  to 
the  serious  spread  of  silver-leaf  in  this  country, 
it  seems  only  right  that  my  experience  should  be 
made  known.  All  being  well,  the  soot  treatment 
will  be  continued,  the  doses  being  two-thirds 
in  strength  in  autumn  and  winter  and  one-third 
during  the  summer  months.  An  even  state  of 
moisture  of  border  soil  must  be  maintained  always, 
judicious  ventilation  and  not  any  syringing  of 
foliage  in  the  early  stages  of  growth,  but  a  moderate 
atmospheric  moisture.  I  do  not  think  red  spider 
\nll  gain  much  hold  on  the  foliage  where  soot  is 
so  plentiful.  Extra  care  should  be  taken  not  to 
allow  overcrowding  of  the  shoots.  I  have  for  a 
long  time  believed,  and  still  believe,  that  silver 
leaf  is  mainly  introduced  into  our  orchards  through 
decaying  wood,  possibly  by  the  rotting  ends  of 
supporting  stakes  left  in  the  ground.  —  Geo. 
Garner. 

SK\     PINKS. 

nPHESE  are  most  brilliant  on  the  southern 
shore  of  County  Down  (Ardglass)  where  we 
are  staying.  Some  of  the  isolated  specimens 
growing  in  the  crannies  and  fissures  of  the  dark 
rocks  have  thirty  to  forty  flowers,  and  each 
flower  has  twenty  to  thirty  small  florets.  It  is 
marvellous  how  they  grow  with  very  little  soil. 
They    seem    to    require    no    special    fertiliser    to 


bloom  so  profusely,  but  I  suppose  the  rains  wash 
in  the  necessary  nutriment  from  the  clouds. 
They  are  in  great  pink  masses  along  the  stone 
walls  which  partition  the  fields  by  the  sea. — 
Walter  Smyth. 

FAIRY     ROSES. 

T  AM  open  to  correction,  but  I  fancy  the  term 
"  F.iiry  Roses  "  ought  to  be  confined  to  those 
miniature  forms  of  Rosa  indica  which  must  be 
identical  with,  or  which  must  closely  resemble, 
the  Rosa  Lawrentianas  of  the  early  years  of  the 
last  century.  I  was  according'.y  surprised  to  find 
in  a  contemporary  a  paragraph  headed  Fairy 
Roses  which  dealt  with  Dwarf  PoU'antha  varieties, 
such  as  Ellen  Poulsen,  Jessie  and  Coral  Cluster. 
Surely  this  is  wrong.  I  can  remember  Fairy 
Roses  in  my  father's  garden  somewhere  about  the 
year  18S0.  They  were  the  gift  of  a  very  old  lady 
nearly  ninety  years  old,  and  we  were  told  that 
she  prized  them  as  relics  of  bygone  days.  Are 
not  the  true  Fairy  Roses  those  which  we  find  in 
seed  lists  under  some  such  name  as  annual  Roses 
and  which  come  into  flower  the  same  year  in  which 
they  are  sown  ?  However  this  may  be,  it  would 
seem  that  these  small  mites  are  beginning  to  be 
more  appreciated  and  better  known  if  we  may 
judge  from  their  more  frequent  inclusion  in 
catalogues,  .although  they  are  quite  hardy,  1 
have  hitherto  always  gro\vn  them  in  pots,  and 
after  they  have  once  flowered  they  have  been 
thrown  away.  Last  year  the  practice  was  varied. 
We  allowed  half  a  dozen  to  keep  on  growing  under 
glass  all  autumn.  The  wood  was  thus  thoroughly 
ripened  ■  then  in  November  each  one  was  cut 
hard  back  so  that  only  about  liins.  or  zins.  of 
stem  were  left.  These  lived  all  winter  in  a  cool 
greenhouse,  and  in  the  middle  of  February  were 
started  into  growth.  They  were  fed  with  weak 
manure  and  soot -water,  and  they  developed  into 
jolly  bushy  little  plants  that  in  the  second  week 
in  April  were  covered  with  bloom.  They  had 
given  a  minimum  of  trouble.  From  the  seed-pan 
they  were  put  into  3iin.  or  4in.  pots,  from  which 
they  were  never  removed.  We  never  allow  the 
young  seedlings  to  run  straight  into  bloom,  but 
keep  pinching  out  all  flower-buds  and  shortening 
back  the  stems  until  a  good  well  branched  founda- 
tion is  made.  The  benefit  is  seen  at  their  first 
time  of  blooming,  but  more  so  at  their  second 
after  they  have  had  their  autunm  cut  back.  It 
is  worth  mentioning  that  these  plants  may  be 
turned  out  and  grouped  together  in  a  drainless 
bowl  when  they  are  in  flower.  The  effect  is 
excellent,  and  such  bowls  may  be  used  for  decorat- 
ing the  centre  of  diniug-tables  or  for  placing  in 
rooms  or  halls.  The  little  Roses  vary  in  colour 
from  white  through  pink  to  a  deep  rose.  Some 
are  single,  others  anything  from  single  to  a  fairly 
full  double.— J. 

HARDY  FLO^VERS  IN  THE  EXHIBITION 

TENT. 

"PNORMOUS  public  interest  is  now  shown 
towards  hardy  flower  groups  exhibited  on  the 
groimd  so  as  to  show  as  far  as  possible  their  natural 
habit  of  growth.  This  was  much  in  evidence  at  the 
York  Gala  held  in  Bootham  Park,  York,  on  June 
15  to  17  last.  There  were  three  groups  of  this 
class  staged  on  ground  space  not  exceeding 
350  sq.  ft.  Although  these  groups  were  effective,  in 
my  opinion  they  were  far  from  perfect.  Why  were 
two  such  groups  staged  like  sheaves  of  corn  ? 
The  wording  of  the  Schedule  by  the  York  Floral 
Committee  for  the  guidance  of  exhibitors  in  this 
particular  class  is  very  clear  and  good.  The  only 
group  I  could  obser\-e  which  complied  with  the 
Schedule  was  the  third  prize  group,  that  of  lightness 


334 


in  staging,  sliowing  all  the  bunches  quite  distinctly, 
All  three  exhibits  were  open  to  criticism  re  staging 
and  blending  of  colours,  etc.     I  was  always  taught 
that  to  arrive  at  blending  of  colours,  strong  blues, 
including  light  and  dark  shades,  should  be  placed 
more  or  less  together,  followed  with  white,  cream 
to  pale  yellow,   then  proceeding  with  pink,   rose, 
crimson   to   the  strongest   scarlets,    then    passing 
through  orange  to  brightest   yeUow.      Purple  and 
lilac  always  look  well  against  white  or  soft  yellows, 
but  out  of  place  with  red  and  pink.     I  would  like  to 
know  how  the  judges,  in  making  their  awards  for 
these  groups,  arrived   at   twenty  points  out  of   a 
possible  twenty  for  the  blending  of  colours  in  the 
first  prize  group,  or  even  eighteen  out  of  twenty  in 
the  second  prize  group.     The  idea  of  the  York  Com- 
mittee, according  to  the  wording  of  the  schedule, 
is  of  grouping  hardy  flowers  naturally,  or  as  near  as 
possible  as  grown,  so  the  awards  might  easily  have 
been  reversed  in  arriving  at   the  meaning  of  the 
schedule.     A   judge  may  be   an   expert   on   fruit, 
vegetables,    stove    or    greenhouse    plants,    but    it 
appears   to  me   that  provincial  show   committee-- 
should,     when     selecting     judges,     choose     those 
thoroughly     conversant    in    the    particular    class 
they  are  to  judge  ;   say,  for  hardy  flowers,  not  only 
in  the  growing  of  the  flowers  themselves,  but  also 
as  to  the  art  and  difficulties  in  exhibiting.     The 
staging  of  flowers  is  not  so  simple  as  it  looks.     I 
consider   there   is  room   for  improvement.     What 
is  wanted  is  hardy  flowers  staged  as  naturally  as 
possible  for  the  benefit  of  the  puMic  who  want  to 
grow  them.    This  will  not  be  achieved  by  encourag- 
ing masses  of  flowers  banked  up  like  slieaves  of  corn, 
such  as  the  first  and  second  prize  groups  at  York, 
in  which  many  flowers  growing  naturally  2ft.  or 
more,  were  cut  down  to  6ins.,  just  to  conform   to 
banked  masses  of  colour,  which  was  anything  but 
complying   with    the   York   schedule.      I   saw   one 
cluster  of  Oriental   Poppies  not  more   than  6ins. 
high,  and  the  same  might  be  said  of  Lilium  croceum, 
only  two  examples  out  of  many.    The  rock  gardens 
were   another  leading  feature   at   York,   but  here 
again   masses   of   packed   colour   appealed   to   tlie 
judges'    eyes   in   preference   to   the   more   natural 
staging  of  the  true  alpine  or  rock  plants.    Although 
much    improvement   has   ahready   been   shown   in 
exhibiting     rock     gardens,     there    is     still     room 
for  moie,    not    only    in    the  judging,   but  in   the 
construction  of  them.    We  want,  as  far  as  possible 
under    the    presidmg    circumstances,    the   natural 
placing  of  the  stone  and  natural  planting  of  the 
flowers,  not  artificial  work  more  than  is  necessary. 
In  my  estimation,  too  much  is  made  of  the  pool  ii> 
conjunction   with   rock   garden   exhibits,    and  tlie 
placing  of  Water  LiUes  and  other  aquatics  cannot 
naturally  be  associated  witli   true  rock  or  alpine 
gardens.    The  trickling  of  water  out  of  a  rock,  thus 
creating   a  moraine   in   the  base,    and   the   water 
leadmg  to  obscurity  is,   as  far  as  my  experience 
goes,    quite   natural,    but   let   pools   of   water   be 
associated    with    formal    gardens    not   natural    or 
ornamental    rock    gardens.       The    way    to    bring 
exhibitors  into  line  in  the  natural  staging  of  hardy 
cut   perennials   and   alpine   plants   is   by   judging 
the  exhibits  strictly  on  natural  effects  as  far  as  it  is 
possible  to  carry  them  into  operation.   Rock  gardens 
and  hardy  flower  groups  are  two  most  interesting 
exhibits  in  connection  with  any  flower  show ;  so 
much  so  that  visitors  and  lovers  of  these  flowers 
should  survey  them  under  as  natural  conditions  as 
regards  growth  as  possible. — J.  L.  Edcinton. 

BRITISH    GROA^TSI— BRITISH    VIGOUR. 

'pHERE  have  been  many  valuable  cultural 
articles  in  The  Garden,  especially  of  late, 
but  I  question  whether  a  more  outspoken  and 
helpful  article  than  that  on  "  Rose  Troubles  and 
Remedies  "  (page  316)  has  appeared.   Rose  growers 


THE     GARDEN. 

generally  owe  you  a  debt  of  gratitude.  Your 
correspondent  says  he  erred,  knowing  what  to 
expect,  and  suffered  a  just  retribution.  We  who 
have  hitherto  sinned  in  ignorance  will  not  be 
in  the  same  boat  in  future,  particularly  after  the 
emphatic  moral  pointed  by  the  title  of  the 
illustration. — W. 

THE     UPSIDE     DOWN      FLOWER 

(STANHOPEA     OCULATA). 

npHlS  is  one  of  the  most  fascinating  and  beautiful 
of  all  the  summer-flowering  Orchids  and, 
though  the  flowers  are  but  short  lived,  very  well 
worth  growing  in  the  intermediate  house.  They 
might  justly  be  termed  the  Upside  Down  Flower, 
for,  instead  of  behaving  in  the  accepted  manner, 
the  flowers  push  downwards  from  the  roots,  while 
the  leaves  and  pseudo  bulbs  grow  upright.  To 
meet  this  unusual  habit,  they  must  be  grown 
in  openwork  Teak  baskets — planting  in  Osmunda 
fibre — so  that  the  bulbs  can  perch  on  the  top 
of  the  rooting  material  and  anchor  themselves 
firmly.  This  permits  the  flower  sheaths  as  they 
descend  to  "  feel "  their  way  through  the  fibre 
and  between  the  wood  bars  below,  so  that  the 
buds  can  reach  the  air  and  light.  It  is  an  ever- 
green   variety    and    should    be    kept    moderately 


[July  2,  1921. 

fragrance  is  never  likely  to  mistake  it  again. 
The  time  for  repotting  is  when  the  new  growths 
are  about  2ins.  long,  though  with  careful  watering, 
so  that  the  compost  remains  sweet,  the  plants 
will  go  for  four  or  five  years  undisturbed. — 
H.  W.   Canning-Wright. 


A    BEAUTIFUL    SUMMER-FLOWERING    ORCHID 
(STANHOPEA    OCULATA). 

moist  all  the  year  round,  tliough  a  considerable 
reduction  in  the  supply  should  be  made  during 
the  winter.  At  the  present  time,  while  the  buds 
are  pushing  out,  it  is  almost  impossible  to  water 
too  freely  either  at  the  roots  or  in  the  atmosphere. 
I  always  dip  my  plants  daily,  in  addition  to  over- 
head sjTinging  both  night  and  morning  when  the 
house  is  opened  and  closed.  The  flowers  are  a 
very  light  buff  yellow,  densely  covered  with  small 
maroon  markings ;  the  centre  ivory  white  with 
two  large  marks,  like  prominent  eyes.  While 
in  flower  the  plant  should  be  kept  as  cool  as 
possible,  and  where  this  is  done  they  remain  in 
good  condition  for  about  a  week,  during  which 
time  they  perfume  the  whole  house  and  surround- 
ings with  an  overpowering  perfume  something 
like  vanilla.     Anyone  who  has  once  inhaled  their 


LIME    AND    BEARDED     IRISES. 

^BSENCE  from  home  prevented  an  earlier  reply 
to   your    interesting    remarks     in     June   i8 
issue,  page  301.     Many  of  the  points  you  refer  to 
on  the  cultivation  of  Irises  will  meet  with  general 
agreement.    May  I,  however,  ask  leave  to  challenge 
your  statement  that,  "  if  there  is  evidence  of  this 
trouble   (rhizome   rot)    ordinary  lime  should    not 
be  applied  to  the  beds,"  on  the  ground  that  the 
bacteria   responsible   for   rhizome   rot    "  multiply 
amazingly   in   lime."     I,    of   course,    accept    this 
last  statement,  if  only  because  it  is  made  on  the 
authority  of  Mr.  Dykes.     But  I  do  not  accept  the 
inference    that,    because    those   bacteria   multiply 
in  lime  under  certain  circumstances,    they   must 
necessarily   do  so  under  all  conditions.     On   the 
contrary,  I  confidently  assert  from  my  own  personal 
experience,  where  there  is  evidence  of  this  trouble 
it   can  be   prevented   from  spreading  if,   in  con- 
junction   with    other    treatment,    slaked    lime   is 
properly  applied  to  the  plants,  as  well  as  to    the 
surrounding  soil,  and  if  applied  in  time,  early  in 
the  year,  it  will  act  as  a  preventive.    A  few  years 
ago  I  described  in  The  Garden  how  I  came  to 
use  lime  during  a  most  malignant  attack  of  rhizome 
rot,  which  destroyed  large  numbers  of  my  plants. 
At  that  time  I  knew  very  little  about  Irises,  and 
nothing  about  their  diseases.     Those  I  consulted 
could  not  help  me  and  at  last,  when  the  trouble 
was  in  full  swing,  in  my  despair,  and  in  my  ignorance 
(for    which    I    am   now   profoundly   thankful),    a 
certain  form  of  treatment  suggested  itself  to  my 
mind.    To  put  it  shortly,  I  first  completely  excised 
the  whole  of  the  diseased  part,  cutting  well  into 
healthy  tissue  ;  next  I  rubbed  lime  thoroughly  into 
the  raw  surface  and  then  scattered  lime  very  freely 
ill  over  the  group  of  plants  attacked,  and  the  soil 
around.     Improvement  soon  set  in,   and  a  signi- 
ficant fact  is  that  no  fresh  plant  was  attacked  in  any 
group   so   treated.     Since  then   I   have  tried   the 
treatment  over  and  over  again  and,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  this  year,   I   dressed  the  whole  garden  in 
January   or    February   thickly   with   lime.      This 
disease  has  now  completely  disappeared.    I  should 
add  this,  however,  I  also  give    two    dressings  of 
basic  slag  on  the  advice  of  Mr.  Bliss.     Now,  sir, 
how  can  I,  with  such  an  experience,  discard  the  use 
of  lime  ?    My  plants  are  all  healthy  and  happy,  as 
many   people  who   have   seen   them   can   testify, 
and  I  no  longer  fear  this  deadly  and  destructive 
disease.     Possibly  superphosphate  may  also  be  an 
excellent  application,  but  I  have  used  it  so  little 
that  I  cannot  say  much  about  it.     An  impression 
was  left  on  my  mind,  however,  that  "leaf  spot," 
another  Iris  disease,   seemed  to  be  rather  worse 
after  its  use,  but  of  this  I  am  not  certain — Cecil 
A.  P.  Osburne. 


The     Royal     Gardeners'     Orphan     Fund • 

The  annual  dinner  of  the  Royal  Gardeners'  Orphan 
Fund  was  held  on  June  22,  when  many  distin- 
guished visitors  were  present.  Viscount  Elveden, 
C.B.,  .M.P.,  was  in  the  chair.  Generous  contri- 
butions from  the  chairman  and  Lady  Elveden, 
and  many  other  donations  promised  at  the  dinner 
will  go  towards  furthering  the  very  worthy  object 
of  assisting  children  left  behind  by  professional 
gardeners,  who  are  now  dependent  on  others  for 
support.  The  fund  deserves  all  the  financial 
help  that  can  be  given. 


JCLY  2,    I921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


835 


Arenaria   balearica  in   the   Rock   Garden. — 

Of  all  the  dainty  littlo  miniatures  found  in  the 
rock  garden  this  is  one  of  the  most  attractive, 
by  reason  of  its  extremely  dwarf  stature  and  the 
way  it  takes  the  shape  of  the  rock  over  which  it 
is  growing.  For  it  spreads  from  the  spot  at  which 
it  was  first  planted  until  it  has  covered  all  the 
available  earth  and  then  begins  to  cover  the 
surrounding  rocks  and  run  among  the  neighbouring 
plants,  forming  quite  unpremeditated  little  pictures 
and  combinations  of  delightful  charm.  In  one 
rock  garden  we  know  it  has  made  its  way  between 
the  Ramondias  in  a  cool  and  shaded  corner,  and 
now  completely  hides  the  rocks,  from  among  the 
crevices  of  which  these  are  growing.  Here  it 
forms  a  carpet,  starred  with  the  ''  wee  white 
flowers "  between  which  the  bolder  wrinkled 
foliage  of  the  Ramondias  stands  out,  with  the 
short  stalked  mauve  flowers  rising  from  the  centre 
of  the  rosette.  Arenaria  balearica  thrives  anywhere 
«xcept  in  the  hottest  sunshine,  doing  splendidly 
on  the  north  side  of  large  rocks,  but  it  must  have 
shade  and  moisture,  and  will  then  spread,  flower 
and  seed  freely. 

The  China  Aster.^Unless  rain  should  com_e, 
this  beautiful  annual  (Callistephus  hortensis) 
■will  benefit  greatly  by  a  mulch  of  decayed  cow 
manure  or  other  rotted  manure.  This  prevents 
evaporation  and  keeps  the  soil  cool.  Given  this 
the  plants  will  supply  a  wealth  of  bloom  in  the 
garden  from  August  to  November.  China  Asters 
are  best  planted  in  groups,  and  on  banks  by  the 
•waterside  they  are  very  effective.  Although 
they  will  thrive  in  shade,  they  are  more  happy 
and  effective  in  sunny  situations. 

A  Minute  Water  Plant. — .A.zolla  Caroliniana 
is  perhaps  the  tiniest  of  all  water  plants,  and  quite 
a  good  plant  can  be  grown  in  a  depth  of  sins, 
of  water  with  an  area  no  larger  than  that  of  a 
decent  sized  sugar  basin.  In  appearance  it  is  a 
floating  Moss  lying  flat  on  the  surface,  pale  green 
in  colour  ;  where  grown  in  full  sunlight  it  is  tinged 
and  tinted  with  wonderful  rose  pink  and  brown 
hues.  Naturally,  so  frail  a  plant  must  be  grown 
in  very  still  water — -if  placid  in  the  least  current 
the  whole  would  be  swept  away  and  lost.  The 
best  place  to  grow  it  is  in  a  small  enclosure — even 
a  bird  bath  is  sufficient,  though  unless  this  is 
covered  with  netting  the  birds  in  their  ablutions 
throw  the  tiny  plants  all  over  the  sides.  It  is 
safer  to  skim  a  few  lumps  of  the  surface  and 
place  these  in  the  greenhouse  during  autumn,  in  a 
bowl  with  a  little  soil  at  the  bottom,  so  that 
if  the  outdoor  plants  are  killed  by  winter 
frost  the  stock  can  be  replaced.  As  soon  as  the 
spring  comes  and  the  plants  are  placed  outside 
again  they  propagate  very  rapidly. 

A  Strange  Succulent. — -One  would  go  far 
before  one  found  a  more  interesting  and  prolific 
plant  than  Kryophyllum  proliferum.  It  is  very 
easy  to  grow  and  reaches  a  height  of  iSins.  to  ift. 
The  stems  are  thin  and  composed  of  woody  fibre 
with  thick,  fleshy  leaves  of  a  curious  glaucous 
blue  green  colour.  The  edges  are  serrated  and 
edged  by  vivid  pinkish  red.  At  the  top  of  each 
stem  in  summer  a  short  spike  of  inconspicuous 
little  balloon-like  flowers  appears,  that  last  for  a 
considerable  time,  as  the  buds  develop  very  slowly. 
The  main  interest  of  the  plant  lies  in  the  mature 
leaves  which  produce  dozens  and  dozens  of  tiny 
plantlets  on  their  edges.  These  are  quite  perfect 
and  reach  to  some  size,  and  push  out  roots  before 
they  become  detached  and  fall  on  to  the  soil 
beneath.  Here  they  quickly  take  hold  of  the  soil 
with  their  roots  and  commence  to  grow.  A 
portion  of  the  old  stems — usually  those  that  have 
flowered — die  back  to  the  soil  level,  but  there  are 
,  always  such  large  numbers  of  young  plantlets 
springing  up  that  the  loss  of  a  few  is  not  noticed. 


GARDENING    OF    THE    WEEK 


FOR     SOUTHERN     GARDENS. 
The  Flower  Garden. 

Irises. — -Where  summer  planting  of  the  Flag 
section  is  practised  an  endeavour  should  be  made 
to  get  the  work  done  as  soon  after  flowering  as 
possible,  and  should  a  dry  speU  follow,  copious 
waterings  may  be  necessary  to  get  them  thoroughly 
re-established. 

General  Work. — The  time  available  for  watering 
and  other  attention  to  recently  bedded  plants 
must  be  the  guiding  factor  as  to  what  shall  or  shall 
not  be  done.  Where  such  arrangements  can  be 
made  the  evening  is  preferable  for  watering  and 
spraying  as  the  plants  then  have  several  hours 
to  recuperate  and  get  full  benefit  before  the  hot 
sun  again  taxes  them.  Important  at  all  seasons, 
tidiness  should  be  striven  for  under  any  circum- 
stances during  the  time  the  beds  and  borders  are 
gay  with  plants  and  flowers,  for  weedy  walks  and 
untrimmed  grass  edges  greatly  lessen  the  general 
tone  of  the  grounds. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 

Asparagus. — Cutting  being  finished,  see  that 
the  beds  are  kept  free  from  weeds.  In  exposed 
situations  it  may  be  necessary  to  support  some  of 
the  stronger  shoots  separately  to  prevent  their 
being  blown  about  too  much.  For  general 
purposes  strong  twine  run  along  either  side  of  the 
beds  and  attached  at  intervals  to  stakes  will  be 
sufficient,  afterwards  running  some  twine  through 
the  beds  from  side  to  side  wherever  the  growth 
merits  it.  Seedling  beds  must  also  be  kept  clean 
and  thinning  attended  to  where  required. 

Planting. — -As  plants  of  winter  greens.  Celery 
and  Leeks  become  fit  continue  to  plant.  On  light 
soils  drills  should  be  drawn  for  the  Brassicas  to 
enable  the  watering  of  the  plants  to  be  more 
thoroughly  done.  Ground  cleared  of  early  Potatoes 
and  Peas  may  likewise  be  replanted  with  greenstuff 
or  a  sowing  of  French  Beans.  Shorthorn  Carrot, 
Spinach,  Turnip  and  Lettuce  may  follow.  Make 
a  sowing  of  Parsley  for  winter  use  within  the  next 
fortnight,  and  if  convenient  to  sow  where  frames 
may  be  placed  over  it  during  winter  so  much  the 
better. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Humeas  developing  their  plume-like  flower- 
heads  should  receive  some  weak  manurial  assistance 
and  plenty  of  room  in  a  cool,  airy  place,  must  be 
afforded  them  if  they  are  to  show  to  advantage  and 
fully  develop.  Although  somewhat  uncertain 
during  climatic  changes  when  plunged  out  of  doors, 
a  few  well  grown  plants  in  full  flower  make  a  good 
change.  They  should  not  be  used  in  a  too  exposed 
situation,  and  they  associate  well  with  Cannas, 
Nicotianas  and  Celosias.  To  raise  young  plants 
for  another  season  sow  seeds  now  in  light,  sandy 
soil  under  cool  and  semi-shady  conditions. 

Salvia  splendens  and  other  Salvias  intended 
for  winter  flowering  must  be  potted  on  as  necessary, 
aiming  at  the  development  of  such  specimens  as 
are  most  useful.  Pots  Sins,  to  loins.  across  must 
be  allowed  for  large  plants,  but  most  excellent 
decorative  stuff  can  be  obtained  by  a  late-struck 
batch  of  cuttings,  finally  potting  them  into  jin. 
or  6in  pots.  A  somewhat  sheltered  spot  for  the 
hottest  part  of  the  day  should  be  chosen,  and  the 
plants  syringed  well  during  the  cool  of  each  evening. 
Salvias  may  also  be  planted  out  in  the  reserve 
garden  and  lifted  during  September  and  good 
results  be  obtained. 

Primulas  must  be  pricked  out  and  potted  on 
as  successive  batches  become  fit,  using  a  light 
compost.  A  slightly  heated  pit  will  suit  the  plants 
well  during  early  growth,  and  shade  should  be 
given  from  bright  sunshine. 

Cinerarias  likewise  must  be  kept  on  the  move, 
but  these  should  be  grown  under  quite  cool 
conditions  and  always  shaded  from  sunshine. 

Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Melons. — Where  supplies  of  this  fruit  are 
required  for  late  summer  and  early  autumn  seeds 
should  be  sown  now.  Germination  readily  takes 
place  at  this  season  and  fresh  bottom  heating 
material  is  quite  unnecessary.  One  of  the  simplest 
methods  to  adopt  is  to  prepare  the  bed  and  then 
sow  a  couple  of  seeds  to  each  mound  at  iSins. 
to  24ins.  apart,  and  then  weed  out  the  weakest 
as  soon  as  such  may  be  determined.  Make  the 
utmost  use  of  sun  heat,  but  give  a  little  fire  heat 
if  possible  at  nights  and  on  duU  or  w^et  days. 

H.    TfRNER 

(Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland.) 
Atbiiry  Park  Gardens,  Guildford. 


FOR     NORTHERN     GARDENS. 

The  Kitchen  Garden. 
Brussels  Sprouts. — Keep  the  hoe  going  freely 
between  rows  of  earlier  planted  Sprouts,  drilling 
up  when  necessary.  A  final  planting  may  yet 
be  made  from  the  open  seed-bed  and,  should 
the  autumn  be  favourable,  they  will  develop  into 
useful  material,  although  in  our  somewhat  late 
district  we  find  it  essential  to  have  plants  estab- 
lished and  well  under  way  in  their  final  quarters 
by  this  time. 

Onions  raised  under  glass  and  planted  out 
with  a  view  to  growing  large  bulbs  must  be  well 
attended  to  and  encouraged  by  giving  copious 
waterings  of  liquid  manure  and  soot-water.  Where 
there  is  a  difliculty  in  obtaining  such,  a  light 
sprinkling  of  sulpha'te  of  ammonia  will  encourage 
a  quicker  growth  and  take  them  past  the  period 
when  they  are  most  susceptible  to  attacks  from 
the  Onion  fly.  The  dry  weather  experienced 
here  during  the  past  few  weeks  has  retarded 
growth,  while  heavy  gales  from  the  north-west 
have  knocked  the  foliage  about.  Rows  of  seed- 
lings may  now  be  thinned,  but  where  the  maggot 
is  troublesome,  leave  the  plants  much  closer, 
keep  the  soil  constantly  thinned  between  the 
rows,   and  dust  occasionally  with  soot. 

Broad  Beans. — Early  crops  which  are  flowering 
and  setting  freely  should  have  their  tops  pinched 
out  as  soon  as  a  crop  is  assiured.  This  encourages 
the  more  rapid  development  of  the  pod  and  helps 
to  prevent  attacks  of  black  fly.  Late  lots  should 
now  have  the  soil  drawn  up  to  the  plants. 

Methvens   June    Broccoli.— Xo   further    time 

should  be  lost  in  planting  out  this  most  important 
crop,  as  in  favourable  districts  it  fills  a  blank 
until  the  early  Cauliflowers  turn  in.  Purple 
Sprouting  is  also  useful  for  furnishing  an  earlier 
crop.  Allow  2ft.  apart  each  way  between  the 
plants,  choosing  a  well  enriched  and  sheltered 
position. 

_..    ■  Fruit  Under  Glass. 

Vines. — in  early  houses,  where  the  berries  are 
beginning  to  colour,  the  border  should  be  tested 
and,  if  necessary,  well  watered  so  that  a  sufliciency 
of  moisture  is  ensured,  coupled  with  a  fairly  dry 
atmosphere.  A  little  top  ventilation  overnight 
should  now  be  allowed,  as  this  is  a  necessity  for 
the  production  of  well  ripened  fruit.  Examine 
the  bunches  regularly  with  a  view  to  the  removal 
of  split  or  decaying  berries. 

Fig  Trees.— Where  these  are  carrying  good 
crops  of  fruit  they  will  require  extra  attention 
in  the  way  of  watering,  feeding  and  s\-ringing, 
especially  should  the  weather  be  scorching  hot, 
so  that  they  may  be  kept  in  good  health  and  free 
from  insect  pests.  As  the  season  advances,  the 
ventilators  may  be  kept  open  continuously. 

Plants  Under  Glass. 

Begonia  Gloire  de  Lorraine.— These  winter 
fa\ourites  will  now  be  ready  for  moving  into  their 
flowering  pots,  which  may  vary  from  sins,  to 
yins.  according  to  the  strength  of  the  particular 
specimens  and  the  desires  of  the  grower,  as  in 
many  instances  the  smaller  sizes  are  the  most 
useful  for  filling  bowls,  etc.,  for  house  decoration. 
A  similar  compost  to  that  advised  in  a  previous 
issue,  with  the  addition  of  some  approved 
fertiliser,  will  be  found  suitable.  A  few  hanging 
baskets  might  also  be  filled  at  this  time,  as  this 
Begonia  is  eminently  suitable  for  this  class  of 
work. 

Primula  malacoides.— .-V  sowing  of  this  free- 
flowearing  Primula  may  be  made  now  and  will  be 
found  to  germinate  readily.  This  Primula  since 
its  introduction  some  seventeen  j-ears  ago  has 
been  most  popular  and  is  now  universally  grown. 
It  is  adapted  for  window  culture.  It  flowers 
profusely  if  planted  in  pans  about  4ins.  in  depth, 
the  shallow  root-run  evidently  being  agreeable 
to  its  welfare.  The  white  variety  is  also  to  be 
recommended  ;  simUar  cultivation  to  that  accorded 
Primula  obconica  suits  it  well. 

Liliums. — Pots  of  LUium  lancifolium  and 
auratum  growing  in  cool  quarters  for  flowering 
later  in  the  season  should  be  given  a  light  top- 
dressing  of  artificial  manure  ;  while  if  pots  were 
left  with  a  view  to  additional  soil  being  added, 
this  work  should  be  completed  at  once.  Should 
the  growths  be  infested  with  aphis,  s>Tinge  freely 
with  a  weak  solution  of  .\bol. 

James  McGran' 

(Gardener  to  Sir  Henry  H.  Houldsworth,  Bart.), 

Coodham,  Kilmarnock. 


336 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  2,  1921. 


Second   Crops   in    the 
Kitchen    Garden 

By  Present  Sowing  Autumn  Vegetables 
can  be  Ensured 

EARLY  crops  of  Broad  Beans,  Potatoes, 
Spinach,  Lettuce  and  Spring  Cabbage 
are  all  being  cleared  from  the  ground, 
and  the  question  arises,  "  What  are  we 
to  plant  in  the  vacant  spaces  ?  "  The 
season  for  sowing  is  not  yet  over  ;  certain  crops 
may  be  sown  now  for  use  in  September  or  October, 
or  even  later.  The  importance  of  July  sowings 
has  aroused  great  interest  within  recent  years, 
and  the  practice  is  now  being  adopted  in  many 
gardens.  Let  it,  first  of  all,  be  made  quite  clear 
that  to  be  successful  with  late  sowings  deep 
cultivation  is  essential.  If  the  soil  is  shallow 
worked  it  quickly  dries  out  and  the  crop  fails. 
Again,  constant  hoeing  is  of  the  greatest  import- 
ance. Too  much  stress  cannot  be  laid  on  the  use 
of  the  hoe,  especially  in  dry  weather.  Continually 
working  the  hoe  up  and  down  the  ro%vs  wUl  do 
more  good  than  all  the  artificial  watering  that  is 
available  With  good  cultivation  excellent  crops 
may  be  obtained  in  autumn  from  July  sowings. 
Needless  to  say,  a  wet  summer  is  most  favourable 
for  late  supplies.  Let  the  seed  be  sown  rather 
deeper  than  in  spring  time,  sow  thinly,  and  make 
a  point  of  thinning  the  seedlings  early.  One  secret 
of  success  with  July  sowings  is  that  the  crop  is 
sown  where  it  is  to  stand,  that  is  to  say,  there  is 
no  check  of  transplanting.  The  soil  is  now  warm, 
and  with  summer  rains  the  growth  of  the  seedlings 
is  phenomenal.  Before  sowing,  however,  it  is 
an  excellent  plan  to  water  the  drills  or  shallow 
trenches.  This  will  give  the  seedlings  a  good  start. 
Peas. — These  may  be  sown  without  delay. 
Early  varieties  should  be  selected,  as  the  tall- 
growing  main  crops  take  a  much  longer  time 
to  complete  their  growth.  Let  us  be  sure  to 
grow  good  flavoured  varieties,  such  as  Autocrat. 
Bountiful,  Pilot  and  Ringleader.  Sow  the  seed 
in  shallow  trenches,  and  place  underneath  them 
a  good  supply  of  short  well  rotted  manure.  Spinach 
may  be  grown  as  a  catch  crop  between  the  rows. 
Potatoes. — Now  that  new  Potatoes  are  plentiful, 
old  tubers,  where  such  exist,  may  be  planted  with 
every  likelihood  of  yielding  good  crops  at  the  end 
of  October  or  early  in  November. 

Carrots.— This  is  one  of  the  most  useful  vege- 
tables to  sow  now  for  winter  use.  A  well  drained 
plot  thoroughly  tilled  should  form  th(3  seed-bed, 
and  the  early  stump-rooted  Carrots  should  be 
sown,  as  this  type  comes  to  maturity  quicker  than 
the  longer  ones.  Young  roots  from  this  sowing 
will  be  available  for  use  from  the  end  of  October 
onwards  through  the  winter,  and  they  should  be 
pulled  as  required. 

The  following  list  of  vegetables  may  be  sown 
this  month  ;  Spinach,  Spinach  Beet,  Endive. 
Dwarf  Beans,  Lettuce,  Turnips  (Early  Snowball). 
Turnip-rooted  Beetroot  for  use  in  salads  and 
Radishes. 

Early  in  August  make  a  good  sowing  of  Onions 
and  Harbinger  Spring  Cabbage.  These  two  crops 
will  stand  in  the  open  through  the  winter. 


FORTHCOMING   EVENTS. 

July  4.— Nottingham  and  Notts  Chrysanthemum 
Society's  Meeting. 

July  5.— Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Holland 
House  Show,  to  be  held  at  Kensington  High 
Street  (three  days). 

July  6.— Lidlington  Food  Production  Society's 
Summer  Show.  Purley  Rose  and  Horticultural 
Society's  Show. 


ANSWERS 
TO  CORRESPONDENTS 


QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS. — The  Editor  endeavours 
to  make  The  Garden  hrliiial  In  nil  remtrm  who  desire 
assistfwec.  no  matter  ivhni  llir  l,r,n,rl,  m  ,i„,,l,  iniiij  may  be, 
and  with  that  objeet  makes  a  sper,,,!  ieal,i,r  r./  /*.■  -Answers 
to  Corresj'i'udeiils  "  columns.  AH  comniuuieal ions  should  be 
cleurl'i  "Hit  n>n'i!^elt/  written  on  one  side  of  the  paper  only, 
and  adiirrxsrd  to  the  EDITOR  0/  The  Garden,  20,  Tavistock 
Street.  Covent Garden,  London,  W.C.i.  Thename  and  address 
oi  the  sender  arc  required  in  addition  to  any  designation  he 
may  desire  to  be  used  in  the  paper.  When  more  than  one 
query  is  sent,  each  should  be  on  a  separate  piece  ol  paper. 
Plants  tor  naming  should  be  clearly  numhered  and  securely 
packed  in  damp  grass  or  moss,  not  cotton-uunl.  and  /lowering 
shoots,  where  possible,  shoidd  be  sent.  It  is  useless  to  send 
small  'scraps  that  are  not  characteristic  of  the  plant.  Letters 
on  btisiness  should  be  sent  to  the  Publisher. 

FLOWER    GARDEN. 
THE  PROPAGATION  OF  HELIANTHEMUMS  (P.  V.  B.. 

Essex).— The  l>e.autiful  S\ui  Koses  Diay  be  readily  propa- 
gated Irouv  seed,  or  cuttiiiKS  may  be  taken  in  July  and 
August  and  inserted  in  sandy  soU.  If  kept  close  in  a 
shady  frame  there  shonld  be  no  ditliculty  in  rooting  them. 
PROPAGATING  NEPETA  MUSSINII  (P.  V.  B., 
Harlow). — The  best  method  of  iiroi>a),'ation  is  by  division 
of  the  roots  in  the  spring  just  as  growth  is  about  to 
recommence,  though  cuttuigs  will  root  readily  at  any 
time  they  are  obtainable  if  flrndy  inserted  in  pots  of 
sandy,  le'afv  soil  and  placed  in  gentle  heat. 

CHEIRANTHUS  PAMELA  PERSHOUSE  (M.  0., 
Chester). — This  beautiful  hybrid  Wallflower  is  a  perennial, 
and  il  after  the  spring  flowers  have  finished  it  is  cut  back, 
it  will  bloom  again  a  month  or  so  later.  It  can  be  propa- 
gated by  cuttmgs.  and  though  there  are  no  shoots  at 
present   the  pruning  will  induce  their  formation. 

"PHLOXES  ATTACKED  (T.  G.,  Cheshire,  Epicure, 
Hants  and  S.  \V.  G..  .\scot).— Tlie  Phlo.xes  are  badly 
attacked  by  eelworms  (Tylenchus  sp.).  Kothing  can 
be  done  to  destroy  the  eelworms  in  the  stems  affected, 
but  it  would  be  well  to  remove  and  bum  them  and  propa- 
gate new  stock  from  cuttmgs  of  healthy  shoots.  The 
soil  may  be  infested  and,  if  so.  it  would  be  weU  to  grow 
Phloxes"  on  a  new  site  entirely,  starting  with  healthy 
plants. 

PROPAGATING  ANEMONES  (Lord  George,  Man- 
chester) — A5s\nning  that  the  St.  Brigid  .\iLemone  is  meant, 
the  best  method  is  to  mark  the  desu-ed  sorts,  lift  the 
roots  as  soon  as  thev  have  properly  ripened,  clean  and 
divide  them.  By  this  means  a  .sufficient  stock  of  any 
desired  viirictv  may  be  obtained  in  a  few  years. 

PLANTS  FOR  WALL  BORDERS  (N.  G.  W.).— Our 
corresiiondent  is  quite  right  to  mass  the  flowers  on  the 
borders  for  effect,  but  the  various  clumps  must  be 
iudiciouslv  disposed  so  that  there  will  not  be  any  big 
iaps  in  the  display  of  flowers.  .Antirrhinums  do  well 
hi  a  (h-v  soil;  sow' seeds  of  the  medium-height  varieties 
at  the  end  of  July  and  transplant  the  resultant  scedUngs 
in  clumps  in  the  borders  in  September.  They  will  flower 
next  June.  Late  in  October  plant  the  followmg : 
Delphiniums.  Anemone  appenlna,  Aster  amethystinus, 
blue-  Anemone  japonica,  Scabiosa  caueasica  alba, 
dwarf  Phlox  white ;  Anemone  japonica  rubra.  Lychnis 
Viscaria,  pink;  Lychnis  chalcedonica,  Heuchera  san 
guinea,  crimson  ;  Helenium.  Sohdago,  Coreopsis^  yellow  ; 
Asters.  Ervngium  and  Violas,  purple.  The  last 
named  would  look  charming  in  clumps  near  the  front 
of  each  border.  The  plants  named  would  be  inex- 
pensive and  yield  a  very  goo  1  supply  of  flowers  during 
next  summer' months.  Any  vacant  spaces  may  be  flUed 
witli  Mignonette. 

THYMES  AS  EDGING  PLANTS  (M.  H.  B.,  Norfolk).— 
Manv  of  the  Thvmes  would  be  eminently  suitable  as 
edoings  for  Rose  beds  in  a  very  sunny  situation.  They 
are  mostly  evergreens,  though  towards  the  end  of  the 
winter  the  foliage  of  some  sorts  becomes  rather  shabby 
but  this  condition  does  not  last  long.  We  fear  it  would 
not  be  possible  to  obtam  sufficient  plants  of  Thymus 
carnosus  for  the  purpose,  nor  is  it  always  hardy.  If 
it  is  decided  to  border  the  beds  enturely  witti  Thymes 
it  would  add  greatly  to  their  interest  and  attraction  if 
as  many  of  the  suitable  sorts  as  can  be  obtamed  were 
planted'  in  fair  lengths.  Thymus  SerpyUum  is  the 
commonest  and  its  rosy-purple  flowers  are  very  attractive. 
Bather  earlier  to  bloom  is  the  Russian  odoratissunus, 
which  grows  somewhat  higher  and  freer  than  the  former 
and  becomes  smothered  with  deUghtful  lilac  flowers. 
T  azoricus.  from  the  Azores,  makes  good  tufts  and  opens 
its  mauve  flowers  just  after  T.  SerpyUum  has  reached  its 
best  T  nitidus  grows  more  bushy  than  the  others, 
but  it  could  easily  be  kept  sufficiently  dwarf  by  occasional 
rrunm-.  T.  citriodorus.  the  Lemon  Thyme,  is  ready 
a  variety  of  SerpyUum ;  the  golden  form  (aureus)  is  more 
robust  and  keeps  its  golden  foliage  right  through  the 
winter  T  SerpyUum  micans  is  another  charmmg  golden 
Thvme  and  becomes  quite  nice  Uttle  bushes  about  (iins. 
high  T  strictus  is  an  interesting,  erect  growing  Uttle 
shrai).  UsuaUy  several  varieties  of  SerpyUum  may  be 
had  in  suflicie'nt  quantity.  These  arc  pulcheUus,  really 
most  beautiful  when  in  flower:  album,  a  good  white, 
atropurpureus.  deep  purple ;  cameus.  flesh  colour ,  and 
splendens,  vivid  purple.  The  common  domestic  Thyme 
is  quite  a  suitable  plant  and  it  Is  very  V^tty  Jihen  m 
bloom.  Faffing  sufficient  quantities  of  the  others  this 
could  at  first  be  planted  in  quantity  and  gradually  reduced 
later  on.  In  the  light,  dry  soil  we  should  prefer  to  plant 
during  the  autumn,  but  the  tilanting  could  be  carried  out 
in  thl  spring.  Most,  if  not  all.  of  the  above  varieties 
could  be  obtahied  from  Messrs.  G.  G.  Whitelegg  and  Co., 
Chislehiirst. 


TREES    AND    SHRUBS. 

HOLLY  FOR  EXAMINATION  (D.  C.  Perthshire).— 
The  flowers  on  shoot  of  Holly  are  all  male,  so  some  female- 
plants  should  be  obt.luied. 

WISTARIA  UNSATISFACTORY  (A.  D.,  Paston).— 
The  Wistaria  is  dying  as  a  result  of  the  drought  so  far 
as  we  can  see  from  the  shoot  sent.  Damage  may,  however, 
be  evident  lower  down  this  particular  stem. 

LABURNUM  SHOOTS  FOR  EXAMINATION  (W.  L.. 
Sk-ifnal).- The  Laburnum  is  not  the  common  spcciesr 
but  the  weU  known  graft  hybrid,  Cytisus  Adami.  This 
hybrid  normaUy  gives  pinkish  flowers,  but  sometimes 
biids  are  formed  from  the  tissues  of  the  stock  (which  are 
outside  the  "  hybrid ")  and  produce  the  flowers  and 
foUage  of  the  coinmon  Laburnum  only  ;  sometimes  from 
those  of  the  scion  (which  are  inside)  and  produce  flowers 
and  foliage  of  Cytisus  pur[)ureus.  There  is,  therefore, 
at  times  the  phenomenon  of  pink  Cytisus  Adami.  yeUow 
Laburnum,  and  purple  U.  purpnreus  all  on  the  one  tree, 


GREENHOUSE. 

VINE  UNSATISFACTORY  (A.  G.  W.,  Kent).— The 
shoots  sent  are  scorched,  either  through  being  too  near 
the  glass  or  because  the  ventUation  has  been  insufficient. 


FRUIT    GARDEN. 

RED  CURRANT  BUSHES  ATTACKED  (S..  Chester).— 
The  Bed  Currant  is  attacked  by  a  species  of  aphis 
(Khopalosiphon  ribis).  The  bushes  should  be  syringed 
in  the  same  way  as  the  Black  Currant.  The  spraymg 
should  have  been  done  on  the  first  appearance  of  the 
pest  just  after  the  leaf-buds  begin  to  unfold. 

PEARS  ATTACKED  (Epicure,  Hants).— The  Pears 
have  been  attacked  by  the  Pear  midge  Diplosis  pyri. 
This  pest  lays  its  eggs  in  the  flowers  and  the  grubs  (to 
the  number  of  perhaps  forty),  devour  the  interior  of  the 
young  fruit,  faUing  to  the  ground  about  .Ma>-.  They 
iiecome  pupic  and  remain  there  untU  the  foUowing  spring. 
The  best  treatment  is  to  collect  and  burn  the  fruits 
which  have  been  attacked.  They  may  easily  be  recog- 
nised by  the  fact  that  they  grow-  more  quickly  than  the 
healthy  ones. 

CURRANT  BUSHES  ATTACKED  (K.  C.  S.,  Chester).— 
The  Black  C:urrants  are  badly  attacked  by  the  Currant 
aphis,  and  should  be  sprayed  with  a  nicotine  wash  now 
if  there  is  no  fruit  on  them.  If  the  bushes  are  carrying 
fruit,  spray  after  it  has  been  gathered. 

GOOSEBERRIES  DISEASED  (A.  M.  D..  Norfolk).- 
The  Gooseberries  are  attacked  by  American  Gooseberry 
mildew  The  bushes  may  be  sprayed  with  Burgundy 
mixture  quarter  strength  (lib.  of  copper  sulphate,  IJlb. 
of  soft  so.ap.  10  gaUons  of  water),  and  the  berries  may  be 
rinsed  in  water  to  cleanse  them  from  the  spray. 

APPLE  COX'S  ORANGE  PIPPIN  UNSATISFACTORY 
(K  C.  S.,  Christleton,  G.  M.  H.,  and  A.  M.  D.).— The 
Apple  leaves  have  been  damaged  by  the  drying  -Binds  that 
have  been  so  prevalent  this  season.  Shelter  is  most 
desirable  for  such  an  Apple  as  Cox's  Orange  Pippin. 

CURRANT  BUSHES  DISEASED  (C.  D..  Paston).— 
The  Cnirrant  shoots  are  attacked  by  the  die  back  disease 
of  Currants.  Kectria  cinuabarina.  This  is  best  treated 
by  cutting  out  completely  the  affected  branches. 

APPLES  ATTACKED  (A.  M.  D.,  Walsham).— The 
Apples  sent  are  attacked  by  the  Apple  sawfly.  All  such 
fruits  should  be  removed  and  burned  before  the  grub 
leaves  the  fruit.  The  eggs  are  usually  laid  in  the  flower, 
and  no  spraying  treatment  is  likely  to  avaU. 

HOLLY  TREES  ATTACKED  (K.  C.  S..  Christleton)  — 
The  Holly  is  attacked  by  the  leaf-mining  maggot  of  a 
small  fly  'called  Anthemvza  ilicis.  Spraymg  is  not  likely 
to  be  of  much  avaU,  but  the  removal  and  burning  of 
affected  foliage  would  go  a  long  way  towards  the  prevention 
of  future  attacks. 

KITCHEN  GARDEN. 

PEAS    AND    BEANS    UNSATISFACTORY    (J.    W.    R,. 

Durham)  —We  can  detect  no  insect  or  fungus  upon  the 
plants  sent,  and  suspect  the  cause  of  the  trouble  may 
be  drought.  The  Umestone  used,  though  very  impure, 
contains  no  poisonous  substance  so  far  as  we  can  ascertam. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

SLAG  (H  W.  AmpthiU).— Slag,  as  gcneraUy  under- 
stood is  the  iron  dross  from  a  smeltmg  furnace.  A  large 
quantity  U  ground  finely  and  becomes  basic  slag,  the 
slow-acting  phosphatic  fertUiser  which  is  so  extensively 
used  by  gardeners  and  farmers.  It  is  also  cast  mto 
slabs  for  pavements  and  other  purposes,  so  that  it 
seems  probable  that  this  material  is  the  subject  of  our 
correspondent's  enquiry  as  to  its  suitability  for  rock  garden 
construction  as  a  substitute  for  boulders.  Its  principal 
constituents  are  phosphorous,  sflica  and  hnic.  No  fears 
need  be  entertained  tfiat  "  w;tien  wet  this  slag  wUl  give 
off  a  gas  injurious  to  plants." 

NAMES  OF  PLANTS.— -M.  C,  Gravesend.— Pentstemon 

bnrbatus W     A.    S.— 1.     Allium    aeununatum ;      2, 

Spteacauescens.—MW  Inner  Tempk.-AsplioM^^ 
albus.  This  plant  is  quite  hardy.— -B.  M.  C..  Bedale.— 
Phvtcuma  Scheuchzeri.  This  plant  is  a  biennial.-— 
Guelder— 1,  Probably  Dianthus  cnientus,  please  send 
flowers  ;    2.  Erodium  Manescavi ;    3,  Lychnis  Viscaria  ; 

r Viscaria  .-itropurpurea. K.  C.  S.,  Chnstleton.-(3arden 

seedUng  Primulas,  of  which  there  are  many  siniilar  to 

those  sent  under  various  n.ames. ;J.  C„  Shrewsbury.— 

1  Primula  sikkimensis;  2.  P.  hybrida  (Cockbnrniana  x 
pulvSailenta) ;  3.  P.  BuUeyana  var. ;  4,  P.  japonica 
;-ar  -  6  Inula  orientaUs ;  6,  Pulmonana  paniculata. — - 
Mrs"  J  Rustington.— 1,  Calceolaria  polyrrhiza ;  2. 
AbtitUon  \  itifolium  ;    3,  Accras  anthropophora. 


July  2,   1921.] 


THE     GARDEN. 


V. 


KILLS 

GREEN 

FLY 


We  invite  visitors 
to  Holland  House 
Show    to    call    at 

Our  Stand, 
where  examples  of 
SOX    and     DYO- 
WEED    efficiency 

are  exhibited. 


KILLS 

WHITE 

FLY 


The  Wonderful  Plant  Insecticide  which 
"  makes  every  bud  a  perfect  bloom " 
will  clear  all  insects  off  your  beautiful 
flowers  as  if  by  magic.  White  Fly, 
Woolly  Aphis,  Red  Spider,  Aphides, 
Green  and  Black  Fly,  Caterpillars,  etc., 
die  and  disappear  immediately  after  the 
plants   have    received    a    good   spraying 


with  this  Intense  and  Penetratingly  Power- 
ful Non-poisonous  Insecticide  which  every 
ardent  Horticulturist  is  talking  about. 
SOX  contains  a  more  deadly  insect 
killing  ingredient  than  any  other  prepara- 
tion. It  is  an  ALL  conquering  Fungi- 
cide, the  use  of  which  will  keep  your 
garden  fit  to  grace  the  Palace  of  a  Priace. 


"  109.  The  Chine,  Winchmore  Hill,  London.  N.  21.    June  9th.  1921. 
Dear  Sirs, — At  the  Chelsea  Show  I  bought  a  tin  of  your  "  SOX,"  which  I  have  used  with  very 
beneficial  effect  on  Gooseberry  Caterpillar,  Aphis,  etc     I  want  some  more.      Where  can  I  get  it 
in  this  neighbourhood  or  the  City  ?    Would  you  phone  me  in  the  morning  giving  word  where  it 
can  be  bought  or  send  me  the  same  quantity  you  sent  before. — Yours  truly, 

(Signed)      A,  C.  Fincken." 


Tablets  in  Boxes :— 

1/3    3/-    S/3    10/B    25/- 


X>XCXC3XSS. 


Liquid  in  Cans :— 


1/B  Z/B  3/B  B/-  IB/B  3I/B  /7/B  130/- 


DYOAVE  ED 


The  Weedkiller  par  excellence.  It  never  fails  to  destroy  the  most 
sturdy  weeds  quickly  and  completely.  Weedy  Garden  Paths  are  eye- 
sores. DYOWEED  is  Direct  and  Deadly  to  all  Weeds  though  non- 
poisonous — contaimng  no  arsenic  or  any  ingredient  poisonous  to  Man 
or  Beast.  So  quickly  and  easily  made  ready  that  a  child  can  use  it  with 
certainty  and  safety.  In  our  own  ground  under  equal  conditions  it  has 
proved  more  killing  to  weeds  than  preparations  which  cost  much  more. 

PRICES. 
To  make  in  gallons. 

SOX  and  DYOWEEO  are  sold  by  Nurserymen,  Seedsmen,  Ironmongrers.  and  Stores 
everywhere.      If  any  difficulty  Is  expsrlenoad,  write  direct,  enclosing:  cash  to- 

DoDt.  20, 

HAWKER  &  BOTWOOD,  LTD.,  Agrricultural  &  Horticultural  Chemists 
GRAYS,    ESSEX. 


NON- 
ARSENICAL 


3        6 

10 

20 

40       150 

350  1   1,000 

1/6  2/6 

3/9 

6/- 

10/6  35/- 

75/- 1 170/- 

iUu. 


Clears  weeds  front  path 
nr  drive  as  if  hy  niagic. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  2,    1921. 


BEST  for  your  PROFITS  and  your  PLANTS 


It  is  not  the  policy  of  Boulton  &  Paul  to  dictate  to 
their  clients,  though  our  many  years'  experience 
in  making  the  highest  grade  Horticultural  Struc- 
tures enables  us  to  suggest  with  confidence  that 
our  Nurseryman's  Indispensable  Greenhouse  is 
best  for  your  PROFITS  and  your  PLANTS. 
The  length  of  each  of  the  two  houses  shown  above 
is  100  ft.  and  they  are  20  ft.  wide.  Roof  Venti- 
lators are  arranged  alternately  on  each  side  of  the 
ridge,  and  open  the  whole  length  of  the  house  in 


one  movement  by  counterbalance  weights  on 
the  gearing.  The  glass  used  is  21  oz.  through- 
out. Special  attention  has  been  given  to  making 
these  houses  sturdy  in  every  way,  and  they  are 
expressly  designed  to  withstand  high  wind 
pressure.  There  is  nothing  of  the  flimsy 
character  so  often  found  in  Nurserymen's 
Establishments — in  fact,  a  B.  &  P.  Greenhouse 
is  built  to  last.  Write  to  us  fully.  We  can 
meet  all  your  requirements. 


Enquiries    invited    for     Greenhouses,     Conservatories,     Vinery    Ranges,     Peach    Mouses,     Carnation    Houses,    Heating 
Systems,    Garden  Frames,  etc.,   of  all  descriptions,   with  requisite  accessories.       Clients  waited  upon  by  appointment. 


Telegrams — 
BOULTON,     NORWICH. 


Telephone — 

NORWICH  851. 


©oult^r&mul^ 

Works  and  Head  Offices,  NORWICH. 


London  Office — 

135—137. 

Queen  Victoria  Street,  E.C.4. 

Telephone — 

CENTRAL    4642. 

Telegrams — 

BOUTIQUE.    CENTRAL, 
LONDON. 


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Fruit  Bottling  and  Preserving. 

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THE     GARDEN. 


Vll. 


BULBS 


Messrs.  WALTER  BLOM  &  SON 

OVERVEEN,     HOLLAND, 

BEG    TO    ANNOUNCE     THAT    THEIR     NEW 

BULB    CATALOGUE    FOR    1921 

IS     NOW     READY. 

Amateurs    are    cordially    invited    to    send    for    a    copy,    which    will 
be    found    both    instructive    and    interesting. 


Bulbs    guaranteed    to    give    complete    satisfaction, 
important    notice    on    page    1. 


Please    see 


EUREKA 


WEED 
KILLER 


LABOUR  SAVERS.  "EUREKA"   Uwih  Sand  Soilfumc.    ^ 
Nicotine.  Insecticides.  FuMERs. SPRAYS  AMD  other  chemicals 
•KD  Sundries    Seeust.   Puase  ask  voun  *gekt  for  the  Eureka 
ARTICLES -ThEV  are  always  SATIsrACTDRT     IF  AKY  DIFFICULTY 
IN   OBTAINING    WE  SEND   DIRECT.     CARPIAGE   PAID 


OnlrAdtnss:  TOMLINSON  Ic  Hayw&kd  Lt?  Liwcolm. 


FHE  BEST  for  all  GARDENS 


The  well-known  Nurserymen,  Messrs.  Lister  Kershaw. 
,td..  of  Brighouse,  write,  llth  May:— "We  can  honestly 
ay  we  never  had  a  Hose  like  the  one  we  are  using  now— 
years  in  use  and  not  the  slightest  sign  of  wear." 


List  D.  and  Hose  Sample  free, 

:HAS.  p.  KINNELL  &  Co.,  Ltd., 
Southwark    St.,    London,    S.E.I 


lOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

'he  second  edition  of  tliis  popular  booklet  i>  now  on  sale, 
1.  net,' by  post  lid. —  Country  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock 
treet,  Covcnt  Garden,  W.C.2. 


Beau  Tured  Felt  hoUow." 

Clean  und  tMsj  to  faandle.  No 
tarring;  or  paintinc.  Anybody  can 
&a  it.  Tim*  and  weatherproof. 
In  roUi,  ready  to  lay.  of  Hard- 
ware Merchants  everywhere. 

SaMPI.CS      The  Kubcn.ul  Cn  .  Ltd.. 
FHKE.  (Dept,3).  Sl.KniahtrulL-iSt..K.C. 


GARDEN      NETTING. 

Strong  small  mesh,  50  by  1  yd.,  5  6:  50  by  2.  11  -  :  50  by  4. 
£1;  100  by  1  yd.,  11/-:  100  by  2.  £1;  25  by  8.  £1.  New 
nettings,  ^-in.  6d. :  do.  |-in.  5d.  square  yard.  Special  steam 
tarred  dressed  Tennis  boundary  netting,  bound  top  and 
bottom  with  cords.  No.  1  quality,  7^d. ;  No.  2  quality,  6d. 
square  yard;  any  length,  width,  carr.  paid,  pass,  train. 
I  hold  the  lar.i^est  stock  of  new  and  repaired  netting  in  the 
United  Kingdom  direct  from  maker.  \SVite  for  large  list. 
W.   OLIVER  ALLEN,  Net  Maker.   Porthleven,    Cornwall. 

TcIcEr.inis:   Oliver  Allen.   Porthhvctt. 


NOW   READY. 

An     important     addition     to     the 
"  Increased    Productivity    Series  " 

First   Advice 

to 

Would-be  Farmers 

THE     Book     for     Allotment-Holders 
and   Smallholders 

By    F.    E.    GREEN. 

Crown  8vo.     5s.  net  ;   by  post  5s.  6d. 

THIS  book  throws  a  flood  of  light 
upon  those  things  which  every- 
body wants  to  know  before  farming 
even  a  few  acres.  The  author  discusses 
sites  and  markets,  the  most  profitable 
kinds  of  Small  Farming  and  the  prac- 
ticability of  side-lines  and  trades  created 
b\'  the  new  condiiions.  It  is  a  book  of 
absorbing  interest  and  enormous  help 
to  all  who  wish  to  make  a  living  from 
the  Land. 

A  full  prospectus  of  this  book  will  be  sent  post  free 
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NOW    READY. 

THE  BOOK  OF 
BUNGALOWS 

By  R.  RANDAL  PHILLIPS 

Editor  of      Our  Homes  and  Gardens." 

A  most  valuable  and  informative  Book 
dealino-  with  the  Planning;  and  Design  of 
Bungalows,  their  Construction,  Equip- 
ment  and    Furnishing,    and   containing 

More  than  100  Illustrations 

of  carefully  selected  English  examples 
of  Countryside  Bungalows  :  River 
Bungalows  :  Seaside  Bungalows  :  with 
a  special  chapter  devoted  to  Building  a 
Bungalowwith  the  Government  subsidy. 

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NOW    READY. 

The 

Servantless  House 

and  How  to  Equip  it. 

By  R.   RANDAL  PHILLIPS 

Editor    of    "  Our    Homes    and    Gardens." 
With   Copious   Illustrations. 

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NOW    READY. 

Land    Drainage 

From    FIELD    to    SEA. 

By  C.    H.  J.   CLAYTON,    M.S.E.,  A.M.I.  .Mech.E. 

Chief    Drainage    Engineer   to    the    Board    of    Agri- 
culture and  Fisheries. 

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vm. 


WEEDING  >| 

BACKACHING 

and 

NEVER  ENDING 
JOB 

The  best  way 
to  destroy  Weeds  on  Drives, 
Paths    and    Gravel    Spaces 
is  to  use 

COOPER'S 
WEEDICIDE 

HIGHLY    CONCENTRATED 

1    gallon    mixed    wilh    100   sallon*   of   water 

U  sufficient  to  treat  300  to  400  square  yards 

of   surface. 

Gained  Royal   Horticultural  Society 
Commended"    Award 

In  Qt.  tai  1.  1.  2,  5.  10.  20  and  40  (alloni. 


THE'    GARDEN. 


[July  2,   192 1. 


COOPER'S 

1— SO 

WEED-KILLER 

is  also  ao  excellent  pre- 
paralion  for  killing  weeds, 
bnt  lower  in  price  and 
lets      concentrated      than 

Weedicide. 
Sold  in  tsme  sizes  as  Weedicide 

OF   AGENTS   EVERYWHERE 


Revised  prices  on  application  to  the 
Sole  Manufacturers : 
William  COOPER  &  NEPHEWS,  Ltd.. 
BERKHAMSTED. 


THE     CHEAPEST     AND      SAFEST 


INSECTICIDE    YET    INTRODUCED 


44 


NIQUAS" 

(REGD.) 

THE  GREAT  AND  U.NPAKALLELKD  SUCCESS  OF  TH  IS 

IMPROVED     NON- POISONOUS 
INSECTICIDE 

SHOULD    SECURE    ITS    UNIVERSAL    USE 
BY    ALL    GARDENERS. 
It    is   a  concentrated  Vegetable   Extract,   adaptable  for  a'l 
Trees  and  Plants,  and  when  used  with  the  Special  Syringe  it 
is  most  economical,  with  certain  death  to  all   Insect   Life, 
It  has  the  advantage  of  a  small  addition  of  Nicotine,  thus 
rendering  its  effects  more  deadly  to  all  Insect  Pests. 
A    practical    test    nn    a    small    scale    will    prove   its    veJue. 

No  possible  injury  can  occur  from  its  use. 
Prices:    Half-Pint,      1/4:     Pint.    2/3;      Quart.    3/9;     Half- 
Gallon,     6/-:       Gallon.     11/-;      Five     Gallons     36/-;      Ten 
Gallons.    62/6:     Twenty    Gallons.    120/- 

The  "NIQUAS"  Syringe 

This  Syringe  changes  automatically  from   Direct  to  Under- 
neath Spraying  by  simply  turning  the  Syringe. 
Granted     Silver    Medal    and    Diploma     of     Honour     at    the 
International    Exhibition,     1912. 

These    Syringes^   are     especially     adapted    for     the    use    of 
Niquas"  anJ  as  a  general  Vaporising  Syringe. 
To    be    had    from    all    Nurserymen  and   Seedsmen. 
Manufacturers:  Established    1848. 

CORRY  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Bonded  Chemical  Works, 

SHAD     THAMES,     S.E.1 

Offices  and  Showrooms  -  .  Bedford  Chambers. 

Covent  Garden,  London,   W.C.2 


GROW  YOUR  OWN  VEGETABLES  FREE  FROM  DISEASE  WITH 

THE  MOST  PERFECT  J  Jm  m  ^  GREENHOUSES 

FERTILIZER  _  ,     fXfC  ^.  I.^UAII  ■  ^    .     ^      Ss^l 


THE  ONLY  RELIABLE  AND 
COMPLETE  SUBSTITUTE  for  STABLE  MANURE 


SCIENTIFICALLY     AND     CHEMICALLY     PREPARED. 

\?J!ll'°,Vi  o'» .leaf-mould,  ready  for  use  at  any  time,  in  the  same  way.  and  tor  all  purposes  that  st.able  manure  is  put.  Goes 
further  (4  bushels  equallma  la  cwts.).  gives  better  result,  is  clean  to  h-andle.  sweet  smelling,  and  free  from  weeds  worms  etc 
Report  of  Royal  Horticultoral  Society.  "Your  Patented  Hop  Manure  has  been  used  in  the  Societys  Gardens  a't 
Wislej  and  1  -am  pleased  to  report  that  it  has  proved  excellent  for  the  flower  borders,  fruit  and  vegetables  crown  both 
under  glass  and  out.in  the  open  air"  (Signed)  W.  Wll  KS,  Secretary. 

'*  Beautiful  Free  Booklet  giving  full  particulars  and  testimonials  sent  on  receipt  of  postcard. 

tm-  BEWARE  OF  IMITATIONS,    GENUINE  ONLY  IN  OUR  MARKED  BAGS,  CONTAINING  GUARANTEED  ANALYSIS.  -Vfl 

Prices,  including  bags:    Small  (about  1  bushel).  2/3  ;    I^arge  (about  4  bushels).  6'- :    .S  Large    28/9  ■    10  Large  55/-- 

20  Large.  100/-.        Carriage  forward  for  cash  with  order. 

WAKELEV'S  GROUND  GARDEN  LIME  (Caustic  or  Qtiicit  Liine),  3/6  bushel  bag,  carriage  forward. 
WAKELEY     BROS.     .S:    CO.,     LTD.,    76a,     BANKSIDE,     LONDON,      S.E.1. 


'NICOTICIDE' 

NICOTINE      FUMIGANT 

Will  effectively  destroy  those  Insects  which 
infest  and  destroy  your  Greenhouse  Plants. 

GREEN   FLY  &  BLACK  FLY,  THRIP, 

MEALY   BUG,    and    SCALE    killed  by 

'NICOTICIDE'     Fumigant. 

PRICES : 

Pint    20/-         *-pint    10/- 

6  ozs 6/-        4  OES 4/- 

2  ozs    2/3         1  oz 1/2 

From  your  IVurseryman  or  Seedsman. 

Sole    Makers  : 

HUNTER  &  GOW,  Ltd.,  28,  Thomas  St.,  LIVERPOOL. 


GARDEN   FURNITURE 


Greenhouses 
Garden     . 
.     Frames 
Etc. 
Lists    Free. 


Fop  Other  Designs  send  for  Illustrated  Book, "  For  the  Garden." 


THK  "BUCKINGHA.M  •■  SEAT  and  TABLE,  substantially  con- 
structed of  selected  red  deal  left  rough  from  the  saw,  except  the 
Slats  of  Seat  and  Table,  which  are  planed. 

They  are  finished  with  a  special  preservative  which  protects  the 
wood  from  the  weather,  and  makes  them  look  JUST  LIKE  OAK. 
An  Ideal  Seat  for  Tea.  Club  or  Private  Gardens,  Bowling  Greens, 
etc.,  being  specially  constructed  to  stand  hard  wear. 
Length  of  Seat  4ft.  Gin.  Other  sizes  to  order.  It  is  very  inexpensive 
and  really  an  ornamental  seat.  35/-  each  ;  66/-  for  2  seats  or  2  tables, 
or  1  seat  and  1  table  ;  98/-  for'S  seats  or  3  tables,  or  2  seats  and  1  table. 
This  seat,  Hnished  smooth  and  painted  3  coats,  white  or  green, 
£2  8/-  each.     All  Carriage  Paid.     Cash  with  Order. 

W.  T.  REVITT,  Railway  Works,  OLNEY. 


Largest  Manufacturers  of 
Flower  Pots  in  the  World. 

K    K    K 

THE    BEST  AND 
CHEAPEST. 

SPECIAL     POTS 

for  Roses,   Vines, 

Clematis,     Orchids,     and 

^Chrysanthemums. 


Fancy     Fern     Pans 
Bulb  Bowls, 
from  4d.  each. 


and 


No  Waiting  ! 

All    Orders    executed 

the  same  day  as 

received. 


State  quantity  of  each  size  required,  and  have  Carriage 

Paid  quotation,  or  write  for  Illustrated  Price  List. 
RICHARD     SANKEY     &    SON,    LTD., 

Royal    Potteries 

BULWELL.  NOTTINGHAM. 


THE  BEST  INSECTICIDE 


OGSTON'S         I 

FINEST  SOFT  SOAF 

is  absolutely  free  from  smell. 

Packed  in  lib.,  21b.,  41b.  and  7Ib.  tini 

All    Packages     bear    Maker's    name,    and    the    public    ai 
cautioned  when  ordering  to  make  sure  they  get  it. 


OGSTON     &     TENNANT,     LTD. 

Aberdeen,     Renfrew     &     London. 


FERTILIZERS  A  SPECIALITE 

All    Containing    Potash. 
Special    Sweet   Pea    MaDorf. — Produces   perfct 

blooms,   with   superb  colour,  without    coarsenes> 

Tins,  2/3  and  3/9,  post  free.       7  lb.,  4/3  ;    14  Ih. 

6/9;     28  1b.,    11/3;     561b.,    18/-;     1121b.,    33/- 

Carriage  paid. 
Special   Tomato.— Gives  perfect  finish  and  flavour 

Tins.  2/3  and  3/9,  post  free.      7  lb.,  4/6  ;    14  lb. 

7/-;     28  1b.,    12/-;     56  1b.,    19/-;     112  1b.,    J5/- 

Carriage  paid. 

Also    SPECIAL    ROSE,    FRUIT   TREE,    LAWN    GRASS,    LAWI<| 
SAND,  VINE,   CHRYSANTHEMUM.  CARNATION,  etc. 

Send  Postcard  for  Li^t. 

G.  H.  MACKERETH.  Ltd..  ULVERSTON 

ANTIRRHINUMS      AND       PENTSTEMONS 

by  A.  J.  Macself.  A  practical  bookkt  on  the  best  metlnil 
of  cultivating  these  popular  tlowei^.  9d.  net;  by  post.  11( 
Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Countky  Life,"  Ltd..  20,  Tavistocl  j 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


/ 


/. 


McDOUQALL'S 

PERFECT  SAFETY 
WEED    KILLER 

FREE   FROM  ARSENIC 

Simple  to  use.  Very 
effective.  No  danger  to 
Children,  Animals, 
Poultry,  etc. 


Pint  tins  1  /9  each.     1  Gall.  Drums  7y-  each. 
Quart  „  3/-     „         B     „  „      27/6     „ 

AQall.  „4/9     „      40    „  Casks  £8  10    „ 


INSIST    ON    McDOUQALL'S.       REFUSE 
SUBSTITUTES  &  AVOID  DISAPPOINTMENT. 


IK  ANY  DIFFICULTY  IN  OBTAINING  SUPPLIES 
LOCALLY,  PLEASE  WRITE  US  DIRECT  FOR 
ILLUSTRATED  PRICE  LIST  AND  MENTION  NAME 
AND  ADDRESS  OF  LOCAL  SEEDSMAN.  NURSERY- 
MAN     OR     IRON.MONGF.R. 

MODOUGALL  BROS.  LTD.,  ^^,%S"e?tVr^ 


Published  by  "  Country  Life."  Limited, 


at  20,  Tavistock  Street.  Strand.  W.C.2,  and  by  George  Newnes.  Limited.  8-U.  Southamoton  Street.  Strand.  W.C.2. 
and  Printed  by  The  Avenue  Press.  .^5  &  57.  Drury  Lane.  London,  W.C.?. 


THE 


ORCHARD 


GARDEN 


WOODLAND 


'^ol.  LXXXV.— No.  2590. 

Qtered  as  Second-class  Matter  at  the  New  Yorh,  N.Y.,  Post  Office 


Saturday,  July   9,   1921 


REGISTERED  AT  THE  GENERAL 

POST  OFFICE  AS  A  NEWSPAPER 

AND  FOR  CANADIAN  MAGAZINE 

POST. 


Price  THREEPENCE 

Yearly  Subscription 
Inland,    17/4:    Foreign,    17/4 


THE  CLIMBING  ROSE,  THE  SHADING  PERGOLA, 
THE   STATELY   LILY,   AND    THE    USEFUL   PATH. 


MJtJSxAii 


OU/S 


THE     KING'S 
SEEDSMEN, 

READING. 


■    Oil/    (If    S.OOO   piaiiis    nut   auc    huUctI  "— 
sec  bclou-. 

SUTTON'S 
SPRING      CABBAGE. 

Reccgnised     by     an     uver-increysing 
number  of  growers  as  the  best  varieties 
for  August  sowing. 
SUTTON'S  "HARBINGER"— 
The    earliest     cabbage 
for  spring  cutting     ...  per  pkt    1,6 

Sutton's  "April" ._         ..         1/6 

Sutton's"Flower  of  Spring"'  1- 

Sutton's  "  Favourite  "     1/- 

■ '  The  cabbnnts  from  your  "  Flower  tf  Spring' 
and  "  Harbinger'  seed  were  ;ir:ind.  Out  of  8,000 
planis  not  onu  bolted." 

—  Mr.  B.  IKARE.  Kallaunh. 


MERRYWEATHER'S     ROSES 


FOR    THE    GARDEN ! 
FOR    BEDS! 


FOR    EXHIBITION! 
FOR    EVERYWHERE! 


Also   Fruit  Trees,  Shrubs,  Ornamental  Trees. 
Please  state  your  wants. 

H     MERRYWEATHER   &    SONS,  LTD. 
Garden  Specialists,  SOUTHWELL,  NOTTS. 

SOX    KILLS   ^^^^,^,^^^ 

K /  >^.^  ^    :^^  and  all  insect  pests  on  Fruit, 

Flowers  and  X'egetables.  Adhesive  and  penetrating, 
it  is  the  quickest  and  most  efficient  Insecticide  in  the  world. 
SOX  has  been  awarded  the  "  Highly  Commended  "  Certificate 
by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  SOX  will  not  choke  Sprayer 
or  Syringe.     Wh«n  other  Insecticides  fail  SOX  will  delight  you. 

PRICES   OF   SOX   LIQUID. 
No.  I.      1/6.    makes     .^  galls.  I  No.  4.     6/-       makes  30  galls. 
No.  2,     2/6.         ,.         10      ..  No.  ,5,  10/6.  Rn      .. 

No.  3,     3/6.         ,,         I.S      ..        I    Larger  qDantities  on  applicatJQD. 


PRICES  OF  SOX  TABLETS. 

Packets   of 

3,      1/   ;       H       1/9;        12,     3 
24,  5/9;    4S.  10/6 


120,  25/- 


DYOWEED 


the   Weed   Killer  without  Arsenic. 

Quicker,      Better,       Cleaner      and 
Cheaper  than    the   dangerous    arsenical    preparations.      Kills  all 
the  weeds  and   leaves  no  stain. 
SOLD    BY    NURSERYMEN,    SEEDSMEN,    IRONMONGERS    AND    STORES. 


Sold    in    cans  to    make    :<  sails.  1.'6.   I.   itiills.  2/6,  10   (alls.  3,8.  20  Balls 
quimtitics  on    application. 

Ltd..    AurUuliiirijI    <ft    Hnrtniiltiiral    Ch 


Mauu/ncliirf.'f 


H.i-iilf.c    iS    Bnlui: 


40  Kails.  lOe.      Larger 
.   Gray.s,  B.'isex. 


ORCHIDS 

of  vigorous   habit  and   superior  constitution.       A   visit  to  our   Establishment 

is     cordially     invited    to    inspect     our     immense     and     interesting     STOCK 

RAISED     BY     THE 

PURE    CULTURE    SYSTEM 

Choice    Species,    Rare    Botanical    Specimens.        Albinos    in    warm    and    cool 
sections  also  a  speciality. 

E.\pert     Advice    given    and     all     Rec|uisites     supplied     for     the    good    culture 


f  Orchids. 


GHARLESWORTH  &  CO., 


HAYWARDS 
HEATH. 


u. 


THE     GARDEN. 


July  q,   iq2i. 


"THE    GARDEN"   CATALOGUE    GUIDE 


NOTICE  TO  OUR  READERS 

IN  order  to  avoid  waste  in  the  printing  of 
catalogues,  readers  are  advised  to  apply  to 
the  following  firms  for  the  catalogues  they 
require.  We  therefore  beg  to  point  out  that  the 
undermentioned  firms  will  be  very  pleased  to 
send  their  useful  catalogues  to  our  readers  free 
of  charge,  on  receipt  of  a  post  card. 


Rose  Specialists 


ELISHA  J.  HICKS,  M.C.,  N.R.S.,  etc. 

HURST,  BERKS 

The  Champion    Decorative   Rose   Grower    or  England 


Fruit  Trees  and  Plants 


KELWAY   &   SON 
Retail  Plant  Department 
LANGPORT,  SOMERSET 


Hardy  Plants 
Colour  Borders 
Gladioli 


ERNEST   HILLS 
The  Rhydd  Nurseribs 
Hanley  Castle 
WORCESTERSHIRE 


Herbaceous  Plants 
of  all  kinds. Send  for 
Descriptive  Cata- 
logue. Antirrhinums 
a  Speciality. 


HARDY     AZALEAS     AND  FLOWERINQ     SHRUBS 

.«r.r.r.nr.-  f'"'  plBiitlng  snd 

R.    &    G.    CUTHBERT  Con«rvatory 

SOUTHGATE  docoraUon. 


MIDDLESEX 
Established  lyq? 


Catalogue  of  our 
new  and  beautiful 
varletlea  poet 
free 


LAXTON    BROS. 

Nurseries 
BEDFORD 


Strawberries 

atid 

Fruit  Trees 


W.  WELLS,  JuNR. 
Hardy  Plant  Nursery 
MERSTH.MVI.  SURREY 


Specialists  In 
Hardy  Plants 
and  Alpines 
Catalogues  Free 


PERRY'S 

Hardy  Plant  Farms 

ENFIELD,   MIDDX. 


New  Alpines 
and  Perennials 

Complete 
Collection 


ALPINE      PLANTS 


FREDK.  G.  WOOD 
Marsden  Nurseries 
ASHTEAD,  SURREY 


Specialist   in 
Alpine  Plants 
Rock  Gardens 
Designer 


Seeds  and  Bulbs 


R.  H.  bath  Ltd. 
The  Floral  Farms 
WISBECH 


Home-Grown 
Bulbs  and 
Seeds 


BLACKMORE  &  LANGDON 
Twerton  Hill  Nursery 
BATH 


Begoniaa 
Delphlnlume 
Qloxlniae 
Cyolamen,  etc. 


DAWKINS 
■408,  Kino's  Road 
CHELSEA,   S.W. 


Seed  Catalogue  or 
Allotment   Llet 
Poet   Free   on 
application 


BIRDS  DEFIED. 


ROTLESS 

TANNED  NETTING. 

As  supplied  by  us  to  the  Royal  Gardens.  In  3  qualities. 
50  by  1  yd.,  «/-.  8/6.  11,- ;  2  yds.,  12/-,  17/-.  22/-  :  3  yds.,  I8|-.  25,6. 
33/- ;  4  yds..  24/-,  34/-,  44/- :   25  by  8  yds.,  24/-.  34/-,  44/- 

Carriage  Paid,  post  or  pass, ' 
HAWTHORN.     Ltd.,    Dept     E,    SHREWSBURY. 

ESTABLlSHEn    33    YEARS. 


Garden  Sundries 


G,   H.    RICHARDS 
234,  Borough 
LONDON,    S.E.I 


Trade 
only. 


XL  ALL 

Insecticides 
Fumigants 


and 


GARDEN  SUPPLIES,  Limited  am  aarden 

(Boundary  Chem.  Co.)  Estau 

Cranmer  Street  and  Sport 

LIVERPOOL  Roqulromenta 


CORRY   &    CO.,    Ltd. 
Shad  Thames,  S.E.i  and 
Bedford  Chambers 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


Merchants  and 
Manufacturers 
of  Horticultural 
Sundrlee 
Fertlilzere  and 
Inaeotlcldea,  etc. 


J.   BENTLEY,    Ltd. 

Barrow-on-Humbbr 

HULL 


Weed  Deetroyera 
Ijiwn  Sand 
Inaaotloldao 
Fertlilzere 


Landscape  Gardening 


R.   WALLACE   &   CO..  Ltd. 
The  Old  Gardens 
TUNBRIDGE   WELLS 


Landscape  &  Garden 
Architects.  Queen 

Alexandra's    Cup    for 
Best  Rock  and  Water 
Garden,  latemational 
Show,  1912. 


J.    CHEAL 

Nurseries 

CRAWLEY 


&    SONS.    Ltd. 


LAndsoap* 
Oar  den  ar* 
Trees  and 

Shrubs,  etc. 


PULMAM  ®  SON 

BY  APPOINTMENT  TO  ni3  MAJESTY 


G  aarden 

CnyftsiTifTj  ■ 

I  71  NEWMAN  ST  axroRDsr-    F^^ij^ciTdl,, . 

LONDON  •  w  5''^?*  t^"^::^!)'  • 


HODSON'S,    Ltd. 
58,  Castlegate 
NOTTINGHAM 


S.W. 


14  Victoria  Street, 
Tel.  No.:  Vic.  5314. 
Have  several  good  men  available, 
can  carry  oat  any  work  promptly. 


and 


Rooke,  Water  or 
Stone  Paved 
Oardene  and 
Qeneral 
Landacape 
Work 


Heating  Apparatus 


C.  P.  KINNELL  &  CO.,  Ltd. 

Greenhouse  Heating 
Southwark  St.,  London,  S.E.i 


Boiler 

List    No.   42 

Post  Free 


"JJie 


SEC770NAL 

GARDEN  FRAME 

Pays  for  itself  over  and  over  attain 
in  the  results  which  it  brings.  Be 
wise    and    write    for   BOOKLET    "  B." 

THE      SLADE      SYNDICATE.      LTD.. 

^.Directors  i  E.  J.  W.  &  .M.  \\  .  Slade) 
L'8.      WOBURN      PLACE.     W.C.I 


GET    THIS     BOOK. 

'Cultivation  by  Movable  Frames." 

By    Hf-:kllKKT    COWI.KY, 
Editor   0/  •■  THE  GARDEN." 

Post  Free  1/- 


HOME-BREWED     WINES     AND     UNFER- 

MENTEll  IJEVERAIIES  for  all  seasons  of  tin-  year.  By 
Anne  Amateur.  A  helpful  booklet  containing  also  recipes  for 
invalid  drinks,  and  published  at  9d.,  post  free  lid.,  at  the  offices 
of  "  CotJSTKV  LiFK,"  Lin.,  20,  Tavistock  Street    W.C.2. 


SPECIALITE. 


FLOWERING    SHRUBS. 


V.   N'.  Gauntlett  &  Co.,  Ltd., 

Japanese  Nurseries.   Chiddingfold,   Surrev 


NETS 


Squ., 


NEW    GARDEN    NETS.   -For    Fruit   Protection. 

nd    lM;iin<ind   .Me'ih        .All   kinds  and  sizes. 

?fS£;|  VP'fi?"'^"^  NtTS.-AII  widths  and  lengths, 
ifcnil'ila  Wfcla. —  Various  qualities. 
REPAIRED  NETS.-AII  sizes. 

Nets    for    all     purposes. 

SaiJifjles  ami  Prices  on   af^p! icntion   to   Maintfuctitrers—  1 

SCARBOROUGH  SHIPPING  SUPPLY  STORES,  Ltd.,         I 

12,    Sandside,    SCARBOROUOH 

BLACKMORE     &     LANGDON,    BATH. 

Famous   strain     of    POLYANTHUS.         Seedlings    read' 
now,    Free    per  Post. 

yi\\e<i  eoloiirs,  1/3  per  dnz.  ;    7/6  per  lOU.      .Separate  colour 

«  Into.  Yellow  or  Fancy.  1  /6  per  doz.  ;    10/-  per  100.     Crimsot 

1/9  per  doz.  ;    12/6  per  Kin. 


CARNATIONS 

PERPETUAL      FLOWERINQ      VARIETIES 

PERPETUAL      BORDER 

HARDY      BORDER  ,, 

ALL  W  b  O  D  I  I 

The   new    hardy    plant,    all     fully     described     in    our    ncv  '■ 
dlustrated  catalogue,  gladly  sent  post  free  on  request  to 
The  leading  Carnation  Raisers  and  Specialists  in  the  world 

Dept.   i. 

}        HAYWARDS  HEATH,  SUSSEX 


HERBERT'S  NEW  PINKS 

Have    received    Four    AM^ards  of    Merit  and  Medals- 

I  was  also  personally  congratulated   by  their  Majesties  tht 

King  and  Queen  at  the  R.H.S.  Show.  Chelsea.  May  'J4th,  1921 

Price  List  free  on  af^pHcatioii. 

C.   H.    HERBERT,    Nurseryman 

ACOCKS      GREEN,     BIRMINQHAM. 


NOW     READY. 

The  Garden  Doctor. 

PLANTS  IN  HEALTH  AND  DISEASE. 

By  F,  J.  CHITTENDEN,  V.M  H. 

7s.  6d.  net  ;     by  post  8s. 

This  book — written  by  an  acknowledged 
authority — gives  a  short  and  simple 
account  of  common  troubles  met  with 
in  gardens,  and  the  most  effective 
methods  of  dealing  with   them. 

A  prospectus  of  tlie  vohiine  and  a  complete 
catalogue  of  books  in  the  Count  y\ 
Life"  Library  xcill  be  sent  post  free  on 
application  to 

The  Manager,  "Country  Life," 

20,  Tavistock  St.,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2 


July  9,   1921.] 


GARDEN. 


JRITAIN'S    GREAT    CABBAGE.— WEBB^S 

:M:PER0R  cabbage,  for  July  and  August  sowing.  The 
arliest  and  most  popular  "Spring"  Cabbage  in  cultivation. 
:emarkably  free  from  any  tendency  to  "  bolt."  6d.  and  1/- 
er  packet;  1/9  per  ounce,  post  free.  Mr.  G.  EUwood.  Head 
gardener  to  \V.  H.  Myers,  Esq..  writes : — "  I  should  like  to 
?stify  to  the  excellence  of  your  Emperor  Cabbage  ;  it  is  really 
sem.  fit  for  private  gardeners  or  market  growers  alike,  and  of 
plendid  quality."  BIr.  Arthur  Blood.  The  Cottages,  Rudding- 
m.  writ€s  :— "  I  have  had  a  marvellous  crop  of  your  '  Emperor  ' 
abbage.  I  sold  some  of  the  plants  to  other  allotment  holders, 
ndall;bave  been  well  satisfied  with  the  results,  both  as  regards 
irly  niaturing,  size  and  quality." — Webb  <&  SONS,  Ltd.,  The 
ling's  Seedsmen,  Stourbridge. 


VATERERS'  GOLD   MEDAL  RHODODEN- 

)RON':?,  Azalias,  Rare  Shrubs  and  Conifers,  Japanese  Cherries, 
[aples  and  Chinese  subjects.  Alpine  and  Herbaceous  Plants, 
erennial  Irises,  etc. — John  Waterer,  Sons  &  Crisp,  Ltd.^ 
•agshot,  Surrey,  Twyford,  Berks  and  London. 


JREENHOUSE  PAINTING  AND  GLAZING. 

-'■  VITROLITE  "  superior  to  White  Lead  Paint,  21/-  per 
ill.  Cans  extra.  "  Plastine,"  supersedes  putty,  36/-  per 
wt.  Kegs  extra.  7-lb.  tins,  3/6  each,  14-lb.  tins,  6/6  each. 
-Full  particulars  from  Waltek  Carson  &  Sons,  Grove  Works, 
•attersea.    Agents  throughout  the  Country. 


lARE   SHRUBS,    including   Himalayan   and 

hinese  Khododendrons,  Alpines  (pot  growii),  Herbaceous 
lants.  Bulbs,  etc.  Write  for  Catalogues  G.  Redthe,  Keston. 
lent. 


VAKELEY'S  PATENTED   HOP  MANURE. 

-The    only    reliable    and    complete    substitute    for    Stable 
lanure.     See  advert,  on  p.  vi. 


JVM.  DUNCAN  TUCKER    &    SONS,    LTD., 

.awrence     Road,     South     Tottenham,     N.15. — Conservatories 
Vinter  Gardens,  Vineries,  Peach  Houses,  Portable  Buildings,  &c 


LATAKILLA    DESTROYS    INSECT   PESTS, 

iterpillars,  green  fly,  etc.  Non-poisonous ;  a  perfect  garden 
isectlcide.  Cartons  to  niake  10  gal.,  2/- ;  for  50  gal.,  6/-. 
old  by  seedsmen,  ironmongers,  Ac.  Avoid  imitations  ;  see  the 
ame  JIoDonoAlL  BEOS.,  Ltd.,  66-68,  Port  Street,  Manchester. 
istablished  1845.  

Jf  ATER  LILIES  for  ponds  or  tubs,  3  for  12/6, 

arriage  paid,  different  colours  ;  choice  waterside  plants.  10/6 
.02.,  Alpines  6/-,  9/-  and  11/-  per  doz.,  all  different,  named  and 
lost  free.  Catalogues  gratis. — Bowell  &  Sk.iEEatt,  Nurseries, 
Cheltenham. 

•KLUBROOTA"  EFFECTIVELY  DISPOSES 

t  the  Club  Root  disease.  Full  particulars  as  to  use.  14  lbs., 
/- ;  28  lbs.,  7/6  ;   50  lbs.,  10/6  ;  112  lbs..  17/6,  carr.  paid. 

'  TOMATOGEN  "— THE    FINEST   TOMATO 

lANURE  on  the  market.  Produces  extraordinarily  heavy  crops. 
4  lbs.,  5/6;  28  lbs.,  7/6;  56  lbs.,  10/6;  112  lbs.,  17/6.  carr.  paid. 

'LANTOGEN  GUANO  makes  Fruits,  Flowers, 

nd  Vigotablfs  grow  better  than  they  ever  grew  before.  Price. 
41b3.,  5/6;   28  lbs. ,8/6;   56  lbs. ,15/-;   112  lbs.,  27/6,  carr.  paid 

ILUGS   AND  SNAILS,   WIREWORMS   AND 

TILUSWORMS,  and  all  soil  vermin,  quickly  destroyed  by 
Verminite."  14  lbs.,  5/6  ;  28  lbs.,  7/8  ;  66  lbs.,  9/6  ;  112  lbs., 
5/6,  carr.  paid.  —  Plantoqen  Goano  Co.,  122d,  Park  View, 
ileworth. 


ITORING     VEGETABLES     AND     FRUITS  ; 

ith  chapters  on  "  Dr>'ing  in  the  Oven  and  by  the  Kitchen 
"ire."  By  Herbert  Cowley  (Editor  of  The  Garden).  9d.  net, 
V  post,  lid. — Published  at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY  LlPE," 
.TD.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


rHE  CULTURE  OF  CHRYSANTHEMUMS,— 

ly  H.  Wells.  Freely  illustrated.  Paper  covers,  2/6  net : 
loth.  3/6  neb ;  by  post  4d.  extra.  Published  at  the  Officed 
t  "  Country  Life."  Ltd.,  20.  Ta\istock  Street,  ■W.C.2. 


)UCKS,      GEESE      AND      TURKEYS,      by 

ruL  HOOLEY,  F.Z.S.,  F.B.S..\. — A  copy  of  this  helpful  booklet 
3  the  breeding,  feeding  and  fattening  of  Ducks,  Geese  and 
"urkeys,  will  be  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  lid.  addressed 
J  The  Manager,  "  CocNTEY  LIFE,"  LTD.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
tovent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


ANTIRRHINUMS      AND       PENTSTEMONS, 

y  A.  J.  Macself.  A  practical  booklet  on  the  best  methods 
f  cultivating  these  popular  flowers.  9d.  net:  by  post,  lid. 
ublished  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock 
treet,  Covent  Garden    W.C.2, 


BARR'S  FLOWER  &  VEGETABLE  SEEDS 

FOR  JUNE  &  JULY  SOWING.— Finest  selected  strains  and 
tested  growth.  Descriptive  list  free. — Bakr  &  Sons,  11, 12  A-  13, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C.2. 


THE    DOUGLAS    CLOVES.— Our   wonderful 

new  strain  of  Hardy  Border  Clove  Carnation  has  been  the 
sensation  of  the  1920  shows.  Rigid  stems,  perfect  of  calyx, 
glorious  scent  I  They  do  grandly  in  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 
Catalogues  free  to  intending  purchasers. — J.  Douglas,  Great 
Bookham. 

JAMES   GRAY,   LTD.,    Builders   of   Conser- 

vitflries.  Greenhouses,  etc..  and  Heating  Engineers,  Danvers 
Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W.3.  Wire  :  Gray,  Kensington  90. 
Telephone  :    Kensington  90  &  91. 


SEWAGE      DISPOSAL      FOR       COUNTRY 

HOUSES. — No  emptying  of  cesspools  ;  a  perfect  fertiliser ; 
no  solids  ;  no  open  filters ;  perfectly  automatic  ;  everj'thing 
underfTTOund.  State  particulars. — Willum  Beattie,  8,  Lower 
Grosvenor  Place,  Westminster. 


IRON   AND  [WIRE    FENCING   for   gardens, 

tree  guards,  gates,  arches,  espaliers,  rose  stakes,  and  ornamental 
garden  iron  and  wire  work  of  every  description.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue.  Also  kennel  railing  and  poultry 
fenfinff.  Ask  for  separate  lists. — Botjlton  &  Paux,  Ltd., 
Manufacturers,  Norwich. 


McDOUGALL'S  WEED  KILLER,  guaranteed 

free  from  Arsenic,  safe,  effective.  Pints,  1/9;  quarts,  3/-; 
J-gallon,  4/9  ;  1-gallon,  7/- ;  5-gallon?,  27/6-  From  Seedsmen, 
Niu^erymen  &  Ironmongers.  Sole  mantifacturers  ;  McDouqall 
liROS.,  Ltd.,  Port  Street,  Manchester.     Established  1845. 


SUTTON'S   STOCKS 

for  early  flowering  ne.vt  season  should  be  sown  now. 
Brompton,  Sutton's  Express  (Pale  Rose),  per  packet,  1/6. 
Sutton's  Spring  Bedding  (Wliite,  Scarlet  and  Light  Blue), 
each  per  packet,  1/6. 

Sutton's  Spring  Bedder  (Pink),  per  packet,  1/6.  

SUTTON  &   SONS,  THE   KING'S    SEEDSMEN,   READING". 


A  KELWAY  COLOUR  BORDER  provides  a 

complete  garden  of  enduring  beauty  from  Spring  to  Autumn 
without  the  trouble  and  expense  of  constant  digging  or  bedding- 
out.  Plans  made  now  for  Autumn  planting. — Particulars 
obtainable  from  Retail  Plant  Department,  Kelway  &  Son, 
Langport,  Somerset. 


DOBBIE  &  CO.,  LTD.,  Seedsmen  &  Florists, 

Edinburgh.     Copy  of  1921  Catalogue  and  Guide  to  Gardening 
Free,  also,  if  wanted.  Plant  Catalogue.     Mention  this  paper. 


sow   NOW— BATH'S    EMPRESS   PANSIES, 

as  grown  for  the  Royal  Gardens  at  Frogmore.  The  richest  and 
largest  flowering  strain  of  Pansies  extant.  Per  packet  2/6  and 
1/6  post  free  for  cash  with  order.  R.  H.  Bath,  Ltd.  (Dept.  B.), 
The  Floral  Farms,  Wisbech. 


WALLACE'S  HERBACEOUS  AND   ALPINE 

PLANTS.     List  free. 


RIVERS'   FRUIT    TREES,    ROSES,   VINES, 

Figs,  Oranges  and  Orchard  House  trees  are  of  first-class 
quality,  and  a  large  and  select  stock  is  always  on  view. 
Inspection  Invited.  Price  list  post  free  on  application. — 
Thos.  UrvEBS  &  Son,  The  Nurseries,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 


PAVING. — Crazy     and      Rectangular     Stone 

Garden  Pavings,  Copings,  Steps,  etc.,  Grit  and  other  Rocks 
for  rock  gardens,  Flat  Stone  Rubble  for  "  dry  "  dwarf  and 
retaining  walls,  in  large  or  small  quantities,  carriage  paid  to  any 
railway  station  in  England. — Hodson  &  SoN,  53,  Castlegate, 
Nottingham. 


TENNIS  COURT   BOUNDARY  NETTING.— 

Fitted  with  strong  lines.  [25ydB.  by  2yds.,  20/- ;  25yds.  by  3yds. 
26/- ;  25yds.  by  4yds.,  34/-.— Hawthokn,  Dept.  B,  Shrewsbury. 


WALLACE'S        RHODODENDRONS       AND 

AZALEAS.     List  free.— R.   W.U.LACE  &   Co.,   Ltd.,  The   Old 
Gardens,  Tunbridge  Wells. 


BIRDS'    BATHS,    GARDEN    VASES,    SUN- 

DIALS,     NESTING     BOXES.      Catalogue     (No.     4)     free.— 
MooRTOy,  5,  Thornton  Avenue,  Chiswick. 


GARDEN       NETTING.  —  Prompt     delivery. 

50yds.  by  4yds.,  16/6  ;  25yds.  by  8vds  ,  17/6.  STOUT  NEW 
NETTING  (Tanned),  25yds.  by  4yds  ,  29/6 ;  50yds.  by  4yds., 
56/9.  Other  sizes  in  proportion.  Also  Tennis  Boundary  Nets. — 
The  Gourock  Ropework  Co.,  Ltd.,  Cotton  Spinners,  Lowestoft. 


ROCKERY    PLANTS     SPECIALITY.  —  List 

free. — TEEKT  Lee,  16,  Morden  Road,  Stechford,  Birmingham. 


CHOICE   DAFFODILS.— Write   for   Herbert 

Cliapman's  Annual  List  of  Bargain  Lots,  now  ready. — Address  : 
Herbert  Chapman,  Ltd.,  Rotherside  Gardens,  Rye,  Sussex. 


LAXTON'S    STRAWBERRIES.  — Pot   plants 

and  open  ground  runners  of  all  the  best  new  varieties  and  the 
old  favourites  can  now  be  booked  for  early  delivery.  Catalogues 
gratis  on  application. — Laxton  Beothers,  Bedford. 

DOWNER'S     NEW    LUPINS.  —  Polyphyllus 

variety,  as  shown  at  Chelsea.  Plants  in  Autumn.  Seed  now 
5/-  packet,  named  varieties;  3  -  mixed.  Apply  for  catalogue. 
— Downer.  Drayt^^n  Manor  Nurseries,  Chichester. 

KING'S    ACRE    STRAWBERRIES.  —  Com- 

plete  List  of  best  varieties  with  Cultural  instructions,  post  free. 
Early  orders  will  prevent  the  possibUity  of  disappointment. 
Fruit,  Rose  and  other  Catalogues,  containing  reliable  informa- 
tion, available  as  issued.  —  King's  Acre  Nurseries,  Ltd.. 
Hereford. 

NARCISSUS    BERNADINO,    2/6   each:    25/- 

doz.  Tennyson,  4/-  each.  ^V^lit('  Queen.  Eoster,  Ethilbert, 
Evangeline,  4/-  doz.  Lucifer,  Blood  Orange,  Empress.  Madame 
Plemp,  2/-  doz.  Postage  extra.  Immediate  delivery. — F.  G. 
LaWSON,  20.  The  Crescent,  Truro. 

WATERBUTTS.— For  disposal,  several  strong, 

sound,  chestnut  wood  Wine  Casks,  about  120  gallons  capacity, 
20s.  each,  net  cash,  f  .o.r.,  London. — FLETCHER.  Fletcher  &  Co., 
Ltd.,  Vibrona  Laboratories,  Holloway.  London,  N.7. 


"ONE   IS   NEARER   GOD'S   HEART  IN   A 

GARDEN."  The  author  of  these  oft-quoted  lines  is  Dorothy 
Frances  GtmNKY,  and  the  poem  is  to  be  found  in  a  collection 
of  her  verses  published  at  the  Offices  of  "  Country  Life  " 
(6/3  net).  A  prospectus  of  the  volume  will  be  sent  free  on 
application  to  The  Manager,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  W.C.2. 


THE  GREENHOUSE  AND  HOW  TO  MAKE 

THE  MOST  OP  IT.  A  new  and  practical  booklet  bv  the  late 
W.  Trcelove.  9d.  net ;  by  post,  lid.  Published  at  the 
offices  of  "  CocNTRT  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C.2. 


PERPETUAL  CARNATIONS  ILLUSTRATED. 

— A  thoroughly  practical  and  well  illustrated  book  on  these 
beautiful  and  popular  flowers,  written  by  LAURENCE  J.  CoOK, 
is  now  ready.  Price  2/6  net,  postage  4d.  extra.  It  is  published 
at  the  offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


GARDENS     OLD    AND    NEW.      Edited   by 

H.  .\VRiY  Tipping,  M.A.,  F.S.-'l.  Only  a  few  copies  remain 
of  these  rare  and  beautiful  volumes  ;  £2  12/6  net  each.  Published 
at  the  Offices  of  "  COUNTRY  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street 
Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE      HARDY      FLOWER      BOOK.  —  By 

E.  H.  Jenkins.  The  second  edition  of  this  practical  and 
beautif  Jlly  illustrated  book  is  now  on  sale,  price  3/6  net,  by  post 
3/10.  An  illustrated  prospectus  sent  post  free  on  application  to 
The  Manager  *'  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  St..  W.C.2 


HOCKEY,  GOLF,  CROQUET  AND  LAWN 

Tennis.  Invaluable  booklets  on  these  pastimes,  by  authori- 
tative writers,  are  published  at  the  Offices  of  '  Country 
Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2, 
9d.  each,  by  post  lid. 


THE   GARDENS   OF   ITALY.— New  Edition 

Edited  by  ARTHUR  T.  Bolton,  F.S.A.,  with  nearly  600  superb 
illustrations :  63/-  net.  Full  particulars  of  this  beautiful 
volume  will  be  sent  on  application  to  The  Manager,  "  Country 
Lite"  Offices,  20    Tavistock  Street.  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE  GARDEN  DOCTOR  :    Plants  in  Health 

and  Disease,  by  F.  J.  Chittenden,  V.JI.H.,  freely  illustrated, 
/6  net,  by  post  8/-.  A  prospectus  of  this  practical  book 
will  be  sent  post  free  on  application  to  The  Manager, 
■  Country  Life,"  Ltd.,  20,  Tavistock  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.2. 


HOME  MADE  PICKLES.     By  Anne  Amateur. 

The  second  edition  of  this  popular  booklet  is  now  on  sale, 
9d.  net.  by  post  lid. —  COUNTRY  Life,"  Offices,  20,  Tavistock 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.2. 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  9,   1921. 


m 


m 


m. 


m 

m 

'0. 

m 


Flower    See. Is  for     sowing    in 
J"ly:- 

ANEMONE.  St.  Brigid,  every 
fine  strain,  6d.  packet 
AQUILEGIA,   Pearson's  long- 
spurred   strain,   very  fine,    6d. 
and  Ij- 

A  U  BR  I  E  TIA.     new    large 
iiowcicd  hybrids,  6d. 
AURICULA    ALPINE,   finest 
mi.xcd.  6d. 

CALCEOLARIA  (Greenhouse), 
finest  strain,  1  [6  and  2l6. 
'cineraria,    large    flowered 
and  Stellata,  1 16  and  2l6. 
CYCLAMEN,    Giant    Hd.,    7/6 
&2j6. 

DELPHINIUM,   finest  mixed. 
6d. 

GAILLARDIA,  fine  peiennial 
for  cutting,  Gd . 

GYPSOPHILA  paniciilata 

coinpacta,  3d. 
HOLLYHOCK,  single.  6d. 

,,  double,  1j- 

LUPINUS       arboreus      Snow 
Queen,  fine  tree  Lupin,  6d. 
LUPINUS     POLYPHYLLUS. 
blue  and  white  hardy  perennial, 
each  3d  per  packet. 
MYOSOTIS  (Forgetme-not)   m 
var..  3il.  to  Ij-. 
PANSIES.  in  var.,  6d.  to  7/-. 
POPPIES,  perennial.  3d.  to  Ij-. 

J .  R.  Pearson  S-Sons,  Ltd., 
Lowdham , 
Estab.  1782.  Notts. 


1^: 


m 

m 

^  itvY*. 


^ 

h 


You  will    use  less 
wash 

and  do  far  more  good  with 
an  Abol  Syringe,  because  of 
its  perfect  spray,  which  may 
be  varied  from  fine  to  medium 
or  coarse,  as  desired.  Not  a 
drop  of  wash  is  wasted. 

Abol   Patent    Syringes   are 
specially     recommended      by 
the  National  Rose  Society. 
No.    4,     19/6;     No.    5,    24/-  ; 
No.  6,  30/-.      Bend  "  A, 
included,  but  extra  2/4. 

Of       Nurserymen, 
mongers,     etc.        Sole 
prietors   and    manufacturers, 
Abol     Limited,    9,     Beltring, 
Paddock  Wood,  Kent. 

Let  us  send  you  our  Guide 
to  Garden  Pests,  gratis  and 
post  free. 

Abol 
Syringes 

prevent    waste 


A  Booklet  contain- 
Ing  the  moet 
Reliable  Qarden 
Requisites    for    the 


n 


OUR  AMBASSADOR 


Wasp-pnoof    Envelopes. 


For  Protecting  Grapes. 
Peaches,  Nectarines,  Pears, 
Apples,  etc  Made  in  the 
following  sizes  : — 

9x12    10x15   12xl8-in.deep 
77/6    90/-      120/-  gross. 


Hexagon    Mesh    Netting 

Cut  to  any  length  in  the  following  widths  : 
No.  2  Strength  (extra  strong) 


PACKING  MATERIALS  FOR  ALL  PURPOSES 

Specially  constructed  Baskets  and  Hampers  for  Safe  Delivery  by  Post  or  Rail  of 
FRUIT,      FLONA^ERS,     VEGETABLES,      EGGS,      ETC. 

\JI/^^|     C         WOOD,     PAPER    AND    COTTON  DADITDC       TISSUE,    PACKING    &    KITCHEN 

VV\/\^^^  OF     THE      BEST     QUALITY.  r**fCiHiO        ALL  EXCEPTIONALLY    STRONG. 

BOXCORDS,      PARCEL     TWINES     AND     STRINGS. 


W">  WOOD  &  SON  L" 

(LATE     OF     WOOD     QREEN) 
TFJ  F  P"""^     BURNHAM     79 


DIAM.      WHEN     OPEN- 
Hexagon — 

4x5       5x7       7x9 
31-        43  6        67  6  gross 


for     Fruit     Protection. 

2  3         4         5  6-ft.  wide. 

lOd.     1,3     18      2  1         2/6  per  yd.  run 


-THE   ROYAL    HORTICULTURISTS," 
GARDEN  DESIGNERS  &  CONTRACTORS 

TAPLOW,  BUCKS 


Not  1  Penny  for  Paint" 

No  messT  tarnni:  either.  Tim* 
and  veatbenH'oo£.  Looks  woQ 
—  Usts  looff.  Ready  to  lay 
withoat  delay.  Sold  by  Hard- 
ware Merchants  everrwhere. 

SAflPLES     The  Ruberold  Co.,  Ltd. 

(Dpt.5).  Sl.KnIehtrldei  St..E.O. 


No.  25cp.— Vol.  LXXXV.] 


NOTES  OF  THE  WEEK 


[July  9,  1921. 


DURING  the  next  few  weeks  it  is  pos- 
,  sible  that  seme  of  our  readers  will 
I  be  going  to  Switzerland.  They,  as  well 
'  as  those  who  have  been,  will  read  with 
interest  an  article  which  appears  in 
this  issue.  In  it  the  writer  suggests  in  what 
way,  in  his  opinion,  many  of  our  rock  gardens 
can  be  improved.  We  hope  that  the  Swiss 
meadows  will  not  be  too  heavily  robbed  as 
the  result  of  the  article !  We  believe  that 
the  manner  in  which  some  thoughtless  in- 
dividuals injure  the  beautiful  Swiss  pastures  has 
provoked  much  criticism,  but  little  objection  will 
be  raised  if  the  plant  collector  goes  to  work  in  the 
right  way.  Certainly  none  is  likely  to  be  forth- 
coming if  it  be  a  case  of  seed  gathering  Whether 
or  no  there  is  agreement  with  our  contributor's 
suggestions,  it  is  certain  that  there  is  wide  room 
for  improvement  in  many  existing  rock  gardens 
in  this  country 

Keep  an  Error  Book. — The  season  is  now 
becoming  far  enough  advanced  for  our  errors 
of  omission  and  commission  to  begin  to  shine 
out  clearly  and  convincingly  in  the  garden.  We 
may  retrieve  the  position  by  putting  in  something 
else,   and  it  is  good  to  do  so,  but  an  error  book, 


"  Crimes  in  1931,"  will  be  a  valuable  asset  when 
11522  comes  along.  "The  man  who  never  made  a 
mistake  never  made  anything"  is  a  somewhat 
hackneyed  truism,  but  it  is  equally  true  to  say 
the  man  who  never  learnt  by  his  m.istakes  is  a  fool. 
In  the  same  way  that  sowings  and  plantings  are 
recorded,  mistakes  and  errors  should  be  registered. 
They  will  provide  most  helpful — perhaps  enter- 
taining— reading  later  on.  There  may  be,  there 
will  be,  mistakes  next  year,  but  they  need  not  be 
the  sam.e,  for  the  error  book  and  experience  which 
it  records  will  safeguard. 

Annual  Larkspurs. — The  present  season,  thus 
far,  has  proved  that  with  annual  Larkspurs  one 
may  in  a  time  of  prolonged  drought  have  much 
beauty  in  a  garden  with  plants  which  are  as  easily 
raised  in  a  cold  frame  or  seed  sown  on  a  sunny 
border  as  when  their  upbringing  is,  in  the  first 
instance,  in  the  greenhouse.  It  is  somewhat  of  a 
puzzle  to  understand  why  those  who,  for  reasons 
of  space  often,  are  not  able  to  grow  the  tall 
herbaceous  Larkspurs,  leave  out  of  their  purview 
entirely  the  annual  sorts.  They  possess  colourings 
so  attractive  in  a  garden  and  flower  for  a  much 
longer  period  than  those  among  the  imposing  hardy 
groups.      Indeed,    in    the    annuals    we    have    tints 


that  are  not  ound  in  the  perennial  kinds — rose 
and  scarlet,  for  examples.  Few  annuals  stand  dry 
weather  better  and  need  less  watering  than  these 
very  charming  Larkspurs. 

Staking  Liliums. — -We  have  particularly  noticed 
lately  that  Lilies  which  would  be  helped  by  staking, 
have  not  been.  In  consequence  the  plants  are 
liable  to  be  blown  down  and  the  beauty  of  the 
flowers  is  impaired  if  not  lost  altogether.  Staking 
does  not,  perhaps,  enhance  attractiveness,  but  it  can 
be  carried  out  in  a  manner  that  it  is  not  altogether 
unsightly,  and  this  is  possible  if  Bamboo  stakes  are 
used.  Stronger- growing  Liliums  need  stouter 
supports.  Where  such  Lilies  as  auratum  and 
testaceum  are  growing  among  Rhododendron 
bushes  they  will  be  greatly  benefited  by  copious 
supplies  of  water  and  occasional  applications  of 
liquid  manure  water,  but,  alas  !  they  may  not  be 
given  while  drought  lasts  A  Lily  which, 
fortunately,  needs  no  staking  except  perhaps  in  its 
early  stages  of  growth,  is  giganteum.  This  stately 
Lily  ptoduces  massive  stems  6ft.  to  8ft.  high. 
It  is  best  planted  in  a  shady  spot  in  the  wild  garden 
or  on  the  trmge  ot  woodland  We  have  mst  seen 
aflne  group  of  this  Lilium  planted  in  semi- woodland 
and  a  deUshtfuI  and  instructive  sight  it  was. 


THE    UNSTAKED     LILIUM    TESTACHU.M     U0E3    NOT     ALWAYS     MAKE    A    PLEASING    PICTURE. 


338 


THE     GARDEN. 


[July  9,  1921. 


IMPROVING    THE     ENVIRONMENT    OF   THE    ROCKERY 


Too  frequently  the  so-called  rock  garden  is  little 
more' than  a  rockery.  It  is  here  suggested  that 
the  surround  should  represent  the  alpine  meadow. 
Even  though  there  is  small  space  at  disposal,  the 
writer's  suggestion  is  worthy  of  full  consideration. 


m 


ODERN  literature  on  rock  gardens 
shows  an  increasing  number  of  articles 
on  the  treatment  of  alpine  plants  in 
moraines"  and  dry  walls,  but 
'  practically  ignores  a  most  important 
feature  of  the  mountains,  the  flowering  meadow. 
As  in  theory  so  in  practice  ;  very  few  professionals 
give  support  and  the  public  does  not  know  the 
comparative  ease  and  great  beauty  of  this  mode 
of  cultivation. 

The  Herbaceous  Meadow  (or  "  stauden  Wiese" 

of  modern  Swiss  botanists)  should  not  be  an 
appendix,  but  one  of  the  main  features  of  the  rock 
garden.  It  should  be  constructed  on  a  moderate 
incline  as  an  approach  or  on  the  side  of  the  rockery 
itself.  The  ground  must  be  excavated  to  a  depth 
of  2  to  3ft,  and  then  receive  the  usual  drainage 
of  rubble,  l-^ill  in  with  the  best  material  available, 
in  preference  sandy  loam  and  some  black  peat, 
in  which  plenty  of  stones  are  incorporated  (old 
porous  bricks  do  excellently  for  this  purpose). 
Let  the  surface  be  undulating  and  allow  time  for 
the  ground  to  settle.  Previous  to  planting  slightly 
dig  over,  remove  weeds  and  dress  thinly  with  a 
mixture  of  sterilised  soil  and  chips.  Autumn  is 
the  best  time  because  bulbs  and  tubers  can  be 
added.  Plant  in  bold  groups  and  create  plant 
associations,  which  give  an  additional  interest. 
Place  a  few  well  shaped  boulders,  which  should 
show  about  ift.  above  ground,  in  suitable 
situations.  Close  by  plant  a  small  Spruce  or  two, 
or  perhaps  the  common  Juniper;  these  must  be 
severely  pruned  every  year.  They  will  grow  into 
odd  shapes  like  their  relatives  in  the  Alps,  which 
are  yearly  nibbled  by  browsing  goats  ("  Geistannli"). 
Only  in  the  case  of  a  large  area  should  the  grass 
seed  be  sown  direct  in  the  meadow.  When  dealing 
with  a  smaller  one  sow  the  seed  six  weeks  previous 
to  planting  in  shallow  boxes  filled  with  sterilised 
soil.  Break  up  the  contents  of  the  boxes  when  a 
few  inches  high  and  dibble  in  between  the  plants. 
Afterwards  a  good  watering  should  be  applied  and 
the  tufts  will  quickly  spread. 

Another  way  in  which  an  established  meadow 
can  be  made  use  of  would  be  the  excavation  of 
fairly  large  and  deep  holes  in  which  strong  plants 
could  find  a  permanent  home.  FiU  in  the  holes 
with  good  porous  soil  and  plant  firmlv. 

In  gardens  where  running  water  is  available 
a  feature  could  be  made  with  a  water  meadow 
(not  a  substitute  for  the  bog)  where  moisture- 
loving  plants  could  be  grown  to  advantage.  Simple 
small  weirs  should  be  constructed  for  this  purpose 
to  allow  occasional  floodings  of  the  low-lyinc 
meadow. 

The  Rock  Meadows  (or  Wildheu  Planggen  of 
the  Swiss)  are  the  thin  but  very  fertile  pastures  of 
the  upper  mountains.  They  are  very  often  so 
situated  that  cattle  cannot  be  driven  up  for  grazing. 
The  peasants  cut  the  grass  once  a  season  and  bring 
down  the  hay  on  sledges.  Often  the  earth  is  here 
only  a  thin  layer  direct  on  the  outcrop  and  very 
stony. 

To  bring  those  conditions  in  our  gardens  we  mus 
allow  for  a  good  depth,  plenty  of  drainage  and  an 
addition  of  at  least  50  per  cent,  chips  to  the  soil. 
The  writer  has  had  a  fair  amount  of  success  during 
the  last  seven  years  with  a  small  meadow  of  this 
type,  which  is  fully  exposed  to  the  sun  It  is, 
however,    advisable    to    sink    aTpipe    (ift.    long) 


JX  McLeish  Copyright. 

THE     STONY    BUT    FERTILE    PASTURES    OF    THE    SWISS    MOUNTAINS. 


July  9,  1921. 


THE     GARDEN. 


339 


vertically  in  the  ground  to  admit  an  occasional 
watering.  The  finest  alpine  grasses  should  be 
sown  in  boxes,  but  for  the  herbaceous  meadow 
stronger  kinds  may  be  taken.  The  flowering 
grasses  give  an  additional  charm  to  the  picture, 
while  in  the  open  border  they  would  appear 
mere  weeds 

In  conclusion  I  would  point  to  the  addi- 
tional space  gained  on  the  rockery  for  typical 
rock  plants  by  the  adoption  of  the  meadow,  and 
w'ould  urge  amateurs  to  confine  endeavours 
to  true  meadow  species  and  primary  hybrids. 


The  following  is  a  selection  of  plants  suitable 
for  the  herbaceous  meadow  (an  asterisk  denotes 
those  fit  for  the  rock  meadow) :  *Allium  pedemon- 
tanum,  Anemone  alpina,  A.  sulphurea,  *A.  narcis- 
siflora,  A.  Pulsatilla,  *Aquilegia  alpina,  *A. 
pyrenaica,  A.  vulgaris,  *Arnica  montana,  *Aster 
alpinus,  *Astragalus  species,  Caltha  palustris, 
•Campanula  barbata,  *C.  glomerata,  *C.  rhomboi- 
dalis,  C.  rotundifolia,  *Carlina  acaulis,  Cororulla 
species,  *Corydalis  cava,  *Crepis  aurea,  Crocus 
species,  *Cyclamen  species,  *Daphne  striata, 
Dictamnus,   Doronicum  species,   Erigeron  species, 


Fritillaria  species,  *Gentiana  acaulis,  G.  asclepi- 
adea,  *G.  Freyniana,  G.  lutea,  G.  punctata,  'G. 
verna,  Geranium  species,  *Hieracium  aurantiacum, 
Lilium  croceum,  L.  pomponium,  L.  carniolicum, 
L,  umbellatum,  Meum  Mutellina,  Narcissus 
species,  'Orchis  species,  *Ophrys  species,  *Oxy- 
tropis  species,  Paradisea  species,  Phyteuma 
orbiculare,  Phyteuma  Scheuchzeri,  Polemonium 
caeruleum,  *Primula  elatior,  *Primula  farinosa, 
*Primula  longiflora,  *Saxifraga  granulata.  Spiraea 
Ulmaria,  Thalictrum  species,  Trollius  species. — 
East    Molesey. 


THE    ROSE  SHOW    OF    THE    YEAR 


To  the  enthusiastic  Rose-grower  all  roads 
lead  to  Regent's  Park  towards  the  end  of 
June,  when  the  National  Rose  Society 
holds  its  great  Summer  Show.  The 
weather  last  week,  when  this  year's 
fixture  took  place,  was  beautifully  fine,  and  in 
spite  of  the  unfavourable  season  the  very  large 
number  of  visitors  found  an  abundance  of  really 
good  Roses  on  view  Soon  after  midday  many 
of  the  blooms  had  lost  their  earlier  beauty,  but 
constant  attention  with  small  sprayers  enabled 
many  trade  exhibitors  to  keep  their  decorative 
blooms  fairly  fresh.  The  exhibition  Roses,  each  of 
which  has  a  tube  of  water,  were,  of  course,  the 
best  in  respect  of  resisting  the  wilting  effects  of 
the  great  heat. 

But  it  is  the  great  collections  of  decorative 
Roses  that  are  the  spectacular  feature  of  the  Show, 
and  for  these  the  show- attending  public  owe  a 
deep  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  trade  and  their  large 
staffs  of  workers. 

The  first  prize  group,  by  Hicks  of  Hurs;,  was  an 
interesting  "break  away"  from  the  conventional 
method.  His  cross  arches  of  the  free-flowering 
Coronation  and  Excelsa  with  Joanna  Bridge  were 
very  instructive  and  must  have  suggested  to  many 
garden-lovers  the  adoption  of  the  idea  of  planting 
a  free  flowering  Rose  of  bush  habit  at  the  foot  of 
arches  or  pillars  destined  for  the  taU  ramblers. 
His  massed  stands  of  such  varieties  as  Covent 
Garden,  Ophelia,  Richmond,  Margaret  Dickson 
Hamill,  Florence  H.  'Veitch,  Mrs.  Elisha  Hicks  ami 
Mrs.  George  Shawyer  gave  an  excellent  impression 
of  their  great  garden  value.  In  the  second  prize 
large  group  by  B.  R.  Cant  and  Sous  there  was  a 
magnificent  stand  of  American  Pillar  which  plainly 
showed  how  exceedingly  effective  this  Rose  is  for 
training  against  a  garden  archway  or  for  any 
similar  purpose.  Among  Cant's  many  dwarf 
Roses  the  fragrant  golden  Christine,  Augustus 
Hartmann,  of  glowing  scarlet  colour,  and  the  satis- 
fying blush